rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Saint_Helena

Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the West African coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors.

Question: Who probably located the island on their final leg of their circumnavigation trip?
Answer: Englishman Sir Francis Drake

Question: What did English ships of war attack on the island?
Answer: Portuguese India carracks

Question: Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island?
Answer: the Dutch

Question: Who gave up calling at the island due to attacks on their shipping?
Answer: The Portuguese and Spanish
Title: Saint_Helena

The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope.

Question: Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633?
Answer: The Dutch Republic

Question: What year did the Dutch abandon the island?
Answer: 1651

Question: Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for?
Answer: Cape of Good Hope.
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.

Question: Who was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena?
Answer: the English East India Company

Question: Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island?
Answer: Oliver Cromwell

Question: Who was the first governor of Saint Helena?
Answer: Captain John Dutton

Question: What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena?
Answer: 1659

Question: Who had the sole right to fortify and colonize the island?
Answer: East India Company
Title: Saint_Helena

Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to Mauritius, but this was not acted upon and the company continued to subsidise the community because of the island's strategic location. A census in 1723 recorded 1,110 people, including 610 slaves.

Question: What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?
Answer: new immigrants

Question: What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?
Answer: Ecological problems

Question: What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena?
Answer: Isaac Pyke

Question: What was the location that was suggested the population be moved too?
Answer: Mauritius

Question: How many slaves were on the island in 1723?
Answer: 610
Title: Saint_Helena

18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity. Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world. St. James' Church was erected in Jamestown in 1774 and in 1791–92 Plantation House was built, and has since been the official residence of the Governor.

Question: When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?
Answer: 1770

Question: What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?
Answer: James Cook

Question: What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?
Answer: St. James' Church

Question: What is the official residence of the governor?
Answer: Plantation House
Title: Saint_Helena

On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwood district. The 680-metre (2,230 ft) high hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount.

Question: Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena?
Answer: Edmond Halley

Question: What university did Edmond Halley attend?
Answer: University of Oxford

Question: How many feet was the telescope that was set up in the observatory?
Answer: 24

Question: What district is the telescope set up in?
Answer: Longwood district

Question: What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope?
Answer: Southern
Title: Saint_Helena

Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand.

Question: Saint Helena was an important port of which company?
Answer: East India Company

Question: What did ships replenish at Saint Helena?
Answer: water and provisions

Question: What vessel was owned by Captain James?
Answer: HMS Endeavour

Question: What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?
Answer: HMS Endeavour

Question: Vessels of what navy protected convoys?
Answer: Royal
Title: Saint_Helena

The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.

Question: What was made illegal in 1792?
Answer: importation of slaves

Question: What year did Coolie labourers arrive?
Answer: 1810

Question: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?
Answer: 600

Question: What was the population of the island in 1814?
Answer: 3,507
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the Briars pavilion on the grounds of the Balcombe family's home until his permanent residence, Longwood House, was completed in December 1815. Napoleon died there on 5 May 1821.

Question: The British government detained who in Saint Helena?
Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte

Question: What year was Napoleon Bonaparte taken to the island?
Answer: 1815

Question: Where did Napoleon Bonaparte stay until he found permanent residence?
Answer: Briars pavilion

Question: What ended up being the permanent residence of Napoleon Bonaparte?
Answer: Longwood House

Question: What year did Napoleon Bonaparte pass away?
Answer: 1821
Title: Saint_Helena

After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.

Question: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?
Answer: East India Company

Question: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?
Answer: the packet schooner St Helena

Question: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?
Answer: wine and provisions
Title: Saint_Helena

Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death.

Question: Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon?
Answer: coffee

Question: Where did Saint Helena's coffee get popular after Napoleon's death?
Answer: Paris

Question: What product got popular in Paris after Napoloen's death?
Answer: coffee
Title: Saint_Helena

Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

Question: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?
Answer: 1792

Question: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?
Answer: 1827

Question: Who banned slavery in their colonies?
Answer: British Parliament

Question: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?
Answer: 800
Title: Saint_Helena

Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena was passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, becoming a crown colony. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered the start of a long-term population decline whereby those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section). These factors contributed to a decline in the number of ships calling at the island from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889.

Question: What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
Answer: 1833 India Act

Question: Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
Answer: East India Company

Question: During the latter half of the 19th century what ships became prevalent that weren't dependent on trade winds?
Answer: steam ships

Question: How many ships were going to the island in 1855?
Answer: 1,100

Question: By 1889 how many ships were going to the island?
Answer: 288
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the African slave trade was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849 over 15,000 freed slaves, known as "Liberated Africans", were landed there.

Question: Who established a naval station to cut down on African slave trade on the island in 1840?
Answer: British

Question: Between 1840 and 1849 how many freed slaves landed on the island?
Answer: over 15,000

Question: What were the freed slaves known as?
Answer: Liberated Africans
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821). It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Question: Which french emperor gained possession of Longwood house and the land surrounding it?
Answer: Napoleon III

Question: What year did the French Emperor Napoleon III take control of Longwood house?
Answer: 1858

Question: Who was the last resident of Longwood house before Napoleon III took it over?
Answer: Napoleon I

Question: Who has authority over Longwood house?
Answer: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Title: Saint_Helena

On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation having been extended hospitality from the governor, his Excellency Sir R A Standale, presented two lectures on his voyage and been invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent.

Question: Who arrived in Jamestown during their solo round the world voyage?
Answer: Joshua Slocum

Question: When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?
Answer: 11 April 1898

Question: When did Joshua Slocum depart from Jamestown to continue his trip?
Answer: 20 April 1898

Question: Who presented two lectures on their voyage?
Answer: Sir R A Standale
Title: Saint_Helena

A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

Question: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?
Answer: Ascension Island

Question: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?
Answer: Wideawake airport

Question: What year was Wideawake Airport built?
Answer: 1942
Title: Saint_Helena

During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

Question: What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?
Answer: flax

Question: What year did flax prices peak?
Answer: 1951

Question: The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?
Answer: synthetic fibres

Question: What year did the Island's flax mills close?
Answer: 1965
Title: Saint_Helena

From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena.

Question: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?
Answer: 1958

Question: Which shipping company replaced Union-Castle Line mailship service?
Answer: Curnow Shipping

Question: What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?
Answer: 1977
Title: Saint_Helena

The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.

Question: What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?
Answer: right of abode in Britain

Question: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?
Answer: The Development and Economic Planning Department

Question: What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?
Answer: 1988

Question: Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?
Answer: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout.

Question: What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched?
Answer: 1989

Question: Who launched the replacement RMS St Helena?
Answer: Prince Andrew

Question: What route was the replacement RMS St Helena built for?
Answer: Cardiff–Cape Town route

Question: What kind of layout did the RMS St Helena have?
Answer: a mixed cargo/passenger layout.
Title: Saint_Helena

The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Question: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?
Answer: 1989

Question: In 2002 what act granted full British citizenship to the citizens of the islands?
Answer: British Overseas Territories Act 2002

Question: What were the dependent territories renamed to?
Answer: British Overseas Territories
Title: Saint_Helena

The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

Question: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?
Answer: 250 million

Question: Which government built the island's airport?
Answer: UK government

Question: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?
Answer: early 2016

Question: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?
Answer: tourism

Question: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?
Answer: up to 30,000
Title: Saint_Helena

Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is Namibe in southern Angola, and the nearest international airport the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport of Angola's capital Luanda; connections to Cape Town in South Africa are used for most shipping needs, such as the mail boat that serves the island, the RMS St Helena. The island is associated with two other isolated islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories: Ascension Island about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) due northwest in more equatorial waters and Tristan da Cunha, which is well outside the tropics 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south. The island is situated in the Western Hemisphere and has the same longitude as Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Despite its remote location, it is classified as being in West Africa by the United Nations.

Question: What is the nearest port to Saint Helena?
Answer: Namibe

Question: What is the closest international airport to Saint Helena called?
Answer: the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport

Question: What is the mail boat that serves the island called?
Answer: RMS St Helena

Question: What hemisphere is the island located in?
Answer: Western

Question: What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?
Answer: West Africa
Title: Saint_Helena

The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Peak at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first national park. Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust. When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable cabbage tree species. The island's hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis) and the St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction.

Question: How many square miles is Saint Helena?
Answer: 47

Question: What kind of rock are coastal regions of Saint Helena covered with?
Answer: volcanic

Question: How many feet high is the highest peak of Saint Helena?
Answer: 2,684

Question: What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park?
Answer: 1996

Question: What was formed in 2002 to replant parts of the great wood?
Answer: Millennium Forest project
Title: Saint_Helena

There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.

Question: How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?
Answer: one kilometre

Question: Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?
Answer: South

Question: Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?
Answer: Southwest

Question: Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?
Answer: West

Question: Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?
Answer: Southeast
Title: Saint_Helena

The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.

Question: What is the national bird of Saint Helena?
Answer: the Saint Helena plover

Question: What is the Plover known locally as?
Answer: wirebird