rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Elevator

Independent service is a special service mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is rerouted to the other elevators, while in a single elevator, the hall buttons are disabled). The elevator will remain parked on a floor with its doors open until a floor is selected and the door close button is held until the elevator starts to travel. Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.

Question: How is the special sercice mode enabled?
Answer: by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby

Question: What is the impact on an elevator set to independant service mode?
Answer: it will no longer respond to hall calls

Question: At what times is Independant service best utilized?
Answer: when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors

Question: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?
Answer: the hall buttons are disabled
Title: Elevator

Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

Question: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?
Answer: qualified elevator mechanics

Question: What is the purpose of the Inspection service? 
Answer: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance

Question: What action initiates it's activation?
Answer: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB

Question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?
Answer: the elevator will come to a stop if moving

Question: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?
Answer: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches
Title: Elevator

Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor. However, if the alarm was activated on the fire-recall floor, the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to. When the elevator is recalled, it proceeds to the recall floor and stops with its doors open. The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-recall floor is a fire-service key switch. The fire-service key switch has the ability to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service. The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset.

Question: What initiates Phase one mode?
Answer: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building

Question: What happens when an elevator goes into Phase one mode?
Answer: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor

Question: Where does the elevator go from there?
Answer: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor

Question: How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident?
Answer: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset

Question: What happens if the mode is activated on the fire-recall floor?
Answer: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to
Title: Elevator

Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building. The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold. By turning phase two on, the firefighter enables the car to move. However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button. Once the elevator gets to the desired floor it will not open its doors unless the firefighter holds the door open button. This is in case the floor is burning and the firefighter can feel the heat and knows not to open the door. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened. If for any reason the firefighter wishes to leave the elevator, they will use the hold position on the key switch to make sure the elevator remains at that floor. If the firefighter wishes to return to the recall floor, they simply turn the key off and close the doors.

Question: How is the Phase-two mode enabled?
Answer: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel

Question: What actions must a firefighter take to activate Phase-two mode?
Answer: manually pushes and holds the door close button

Question: What does Phase-two do?
Answer: enables the car to move

Question: What is the purpose of the Phase-two mode?
Answer: This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building

Question: Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?
Answer: on the COP
Title: Elevator

Once the elevator arrives at the floor, it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator. Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button. The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor, and will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car. Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated.

Question: Upon arriving at the desinated floor, what does the elevator do?
Answer: it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator

Question: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?
Answer: Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button

Question: Where then does the elevator go?
Answer: The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor

Question: Once it arrives what does the elevator do
Answer: will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car

Question: What does the hold feature do?
Answer: allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated
Title: Elevator

When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly. Once all cars have successfully returned, the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service. The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby. In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down.

Question: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?
Answer: One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down

Question: What do any passengers experience at this point?
Answer: People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly

Question: After all cars go to the lobby, what is the next step?
Answer: the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service

Question: How are the selected cars then readied for passengers? 
Answer: The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby

Question: What is a safety feature to prevent entrapment?
Answer: when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down
Title: Elevator

In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems. Buildings like hospitals and nursing homes usually size their emergency generators to accommodate this draw. However, the increasing use of current-limiting motor starters, commonly known as "soft-start" contactors, avoid much of this problem, and the current draw of the pump motor is less of a limiting concern.

Question: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?
Answer: emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit

Question: Once the passengers have exited, what happens?
Answer: The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch

Question: For what reason are hydraulic elevators not powered by the standard emergency system?
Answer: due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor

Question: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?
Answer: "soft-start" contactors
Title: Elevator

Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction.

Question: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what? 
Answer: the cylinder and bulkhead

Question: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead? 
Answer: 1972 ASME A17.1

Question: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?
Answer: single-bottom

Question: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?
Answer: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator

Question: What testing does the code require?
Answer: periodic testing of the pressure capability
Title: Elevator

Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching machine. The segment is then placed under increasing load to the point of failure. Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled and a report is produced. The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use.

Question: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing?
Answer: elevator rails

Question: What is  the first step in destructive testing?
Answer: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds

Question: Afterwards, what type of machine is the segment secured in?
Answer: hydraulic stretching machine

Question: What type of testing is done to the an area of the cable?
Answer: destructive testing

Question: What types of information are collected in the process?
Answer: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled
Title: Elevator

Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available floor space. Generally passenger elevators are available in capacities from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments.[citation needed] Generally passenger elevators in buildings of eight floors or fewer are hydraulic or electric, which can reach speeds up to 1 m/s (200 ft/min) hydraulic and up to 152 m/min (500 ft/min) electric. In buildings up to ten floors, electric and gearless elevators are likely to have speeds up to 3 m/s (500 ft/min), and above ten floors speeds range 3 to 10 m/s (500–2,000 ft/min).[citation needed]

Question: What dictates passenger elevator capacities?
Answer: the available floor space

Question: What capacities are passenger elevators availablee in?
Answer: from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments

Question: What types of passenger elevators are installed in structures of up to eight floors?
Answer: hydraulic or electric

Question: Hydraulic elevators can reach speeds up to 1m/s or how many feet per minute?
Answer: 200

Question: Electric elevators can reach speeds up to 3 m/s or how many feet per minute?
Answer: 500
Title: Elevator

Sometimes passenger elevators are used as a city transport along with funiculars. For example, there is a 3-station underground public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, which takes passengers from the top of a hill above the Black Sea on which hotels are perched, to a tunnel located on the beach below. At Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro, the elevator that provides access to the station from a hilltop neighborhood doubles as city transportation: the station's ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa. See also the Elevators for urban transport section.

Question: Passenger elevators, used in city transport share similarities to what other ascending and descending vehicles counterbalancing each other?    
Answer: funiculars

Question: What type of public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, transport passengers from a hill above the Black Sea to a tunnel down on the beach?
Answer: underground public elevator

Question: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?
Answer: city transportation

Question: How is that set up?
Answer: ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa
Title: Elevator

A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

Question: What is another name for a freight elevator?
Answer: goods lift

Question: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?
Answer: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited

Question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?
Answer: an inconspicuous riser

Question: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?
Answer: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator

Question: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?
Answer: electric elevators
Title: Elevator

Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage. For example, Radio City Music Hall has four such elevators: an orchestra lift that covers a large area of the stage, and three smaller lifts near the rear of the stage. In this case, the orchestra lift is powerful enough to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below. There's a barrel on the background of the image of the left which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism

Question: How are stage lifts powered?
Answer: by hydraulics

Question: How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall?
Answer: four

Question: What is an orchestra lift used for?
Answer: to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below

Question: What is on the background of the image which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism?
Answer: a barrel
Title: Elevator

A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.

Question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?
Answer: residential

Question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use?
Answer: metal sliding

Question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?
Answer: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

Question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?
Answer: residential
Title: Elevator

Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

Question: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?
Answer: residential

Question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?
Answer: 2007

Question: This decision reflected a revision of what?
Answer: the ASME A17.1

Question: What benefits does this serve?
Answer: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation
Title: Elevator

Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower capacity, and they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall. there's a control panel at every stop, that mimics the ones found in passenger elevators, like calling, door control, floor selection.

Question: What are small freight elevators used for things such as food, called?
Answer: Dumbwaiters

Question: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in?
Answer: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors

Question: What is a safety feature found in passenger elevators they generally do not have?
Answer: various ropes for redundancy

Question: What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters?
Answer: they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall

Question: What features do they have that mimic passenger elevators?
Answer: calling, door control, floor selection
Title: Elevator

Material transport elevators generally consist of an inclined plane on which a conveyor belt runs. The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward. These elevators are often used in industrial and agricultural applications. When such mechanisms (or spiral screws or pneumatic transport) are used to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos, the entire structure is called a grain elevator. Belt elevators are often used in docks for loading loose materials such as coal, iron ore and grain into the holds of bulk carriers

Question: What do the partians do on the conveyor?
Answer: ensure that the material moves forward

Question: An inclined plane with a conveyor belt describes what type of elevator?
Answer: Material transport elevators

Question: What industries are these types of elevators generally used in?
Answer: industrial and agricultural applications

Question: What are spiral screws used for?
Answer: to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos

Question: What type of elevators are used for loading loose materials into bulk carriers?
Answer: Belt elevators