rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Post-punk

In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]

Question: Where did some groups develop a unique style of industrial music?
Answer: Germany

Question: What type of music included noise, homemade instruments, and randomly found objects?
Answer: industrial

Question: What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock?
Answer: Brazil

Question: What type of album was The Sexual Life of the Savages?
Answer: compilations

Question: What countries other than Brazil was Brazil's no wave music exported to?
Answer: UK, Germany

Question: What type of music was associated with Einstürzende Neubauten?
Answer: industrial

Question: Where was Einstürzende Neubauten from?
Answer: Germany

Question: How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound?
Answer: avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects

Question: Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?
Answer: the Birthday Party

Question: Where was Madame Satã?
Answer: Brazil
Title: Post-punk

The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of "New Music" there. Some shifted to a more commercial new wave sound (such as Gang of Four), while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock. Perhaps the most successful band to emerge from post-punk was U2, who combined elements of religious imagery together with political commentary into their often anthemic music.

Question: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?
Answer: pop

Question: How did bands associated with the original post-punk movement cause it to end?
Answer: turned away from its aesthetics

Question: What venue drove a lot of the awareness of the music from the now pop post-punk bands?
Answer: MTV

Question: Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV?
Answer: American college radio

Question: What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music?
Answer: U2

Question: What was the death knell of the post-punk movement?
Answer: commercial sounds

Question: What else would the post-punk bands record under?
Answer: pop

Question: Who was the most successful band to arrise from post-punk?
Answer: U2

Question: What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement?
Answer: entryism

Question: What was a driving force behind the revival of the second British Invasion of New Music to America?
Answer: MTV and modern rock radio stations
Title: Post-punk

Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon Reynolds described the period as "a fair match for the sixties in terms of the sheer amount of great music created, the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it, and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era". Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period "was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song".

Question: How did most critical writing treat the post-punk era, until recently?
Answer: dismissed

Question: What do contemporary scholars feel the post-punk period contributed in hindsight?
Answer: significant innovations and music

Question: What did Simon Reynolds describe the era of post-punk as a match for in terms of great music created?
Answer: the sixties

Question: Who wrote that the music of the post-punk era was avant-garde?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard

Question: What were the post-punk era artists more interested in doing to their audiences than in entertaining them with pop songs?
Answer: disturbing

Question: What era was usually dismissed as merely an awkward phase of music?
Answer: post-punk

Question: What do comtemporary scholars think that post-punk actually did for music?
Answer: produced significant innovations and music on its own

Question: Which critic said that the post-punk period was open to any possibilities as far as music went?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard

Question: Who said that the post-punk movement rivaled the Sixties in the shear amount of great music produced?
Answer: Simon Reynolds

Question: What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk?
Answer: cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song
Title: Post-punk

Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.

Question: What musical styles did post-punk help merge?
Answer: white and black musical styles

Question: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk?
Answer: various subsequent genres

Question: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre?
Answer: post-punk

Question: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in?
Answer: darker, more morose

Question: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of?
Answer: gothic rock

Question: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality?
Answer: Post-punk

Question: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?
Answer: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure

Question: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from?
Answer: Post-punk

Question: What type of music was gothic rock?
Answer: darker, more morose style

Question: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for?
Answer: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music
Title: Post-punk

At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful bands – the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors – surfaced in the late 1990s to early 2000s, as did several dance-oriented bands such as the Rapture, Radio 4 and LCD Soundsystem. Additionally, some darker post-punk bands began to appear in the indie music scene in the 2010s, including Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum, who were also affiliated with the darkwave revival, as well as A Place to Bury Strangers, who combined early post-punk and shoegaze. These bands tend to draw a fanbase who are a combination of the indie music subculture, older post-punk fans and the current goth subculture. In the 2010s, Savages played a music reminiscent of early British post-punk bands of the late '70s.

Question: When did a post-punk revival start happening in England and the Colonies?
Answer: turn of the 21st century

Question: What early sign heralded the post-punk revival?
Answer: emergence of various underground bands

Question: When did some of the darker post-punk bands start to appear in the indie scene?
Answer: the 2010s

Question: The post-punk revival bands bring in a fanbase from what subculture?
Answer: indie music

Question: What band played music similar to that of the early British post-punk bands of the late '70s as recently as 2010?
Answer: Savages

Question: When was the post-punk revival in British and American cultures?
Answer: turn of the 21st century

Question: Who were the most commercially successful bands of the post-punk revival?
Answer: the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors

Question: When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?
Answer: late 1990s to early 2000s

Question: What was the earliest sign of the post-punk revival?
Answer: emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s

Question: Which dark post-punk bands began to emmerge in the indie scene?
Answer: Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum
Title: Canadian_football

In Canada, the term "football" may refer to Canadian football and American football collectively, or to either sport specifically, depending on context. The two sports have shared origins and are closely related but have significant differences. In particular, Canadian football has 12 players on the field per team rather than 11; the field is roughly 10 yards wider, and 10 yards longer between end-zones that are themselves 10 yards deeper; and a team has only three downs to gain 10 yards, which results in less offensive rushing than in the American game. In the Canadian game all players on the defending team, when a down begins, must be at least 1 yard from the line of scrimmage. (The American game has a similar "neutral zone" but it is only the length of the football.)

Question: Which North American version of football calls for 12 player per side on the field?
Answer: Canadian

Question: How many yards wider is a Canadian football field than an American football field?
Answer: 10

Question: Which version of North American football has smaller end zones?
Answer: American

Question: How many downs does a team have to advance ten yards in Canadian football?
Answer: three

Question: How far away from the line of scrimmage must Canadian football defenders be?
Answer: 1 yard
Title: Canadian_football

Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

Question: On which date was the Canadian Junior Football League formed?
Answer: May 8, 1974

Question: How old are the players in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Answer: 18–22

Question: What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?
Answer: Vanier Cup

Question: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?
Answer: Canadian Football Hall of Fame
Title: Canadian_football

The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.

Question: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?
Answer: October 15, 1862

Question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?
Answer: First Battalion Grenadier Guards

Question: What is the oldest football club in Canada?
Answer: Hamilton Football Club

Question: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?
Answer: Christopher Gwynn

Question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?
Answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
Title: Canadian_football

The first attempt to establish a proper governing body and adopted the current set of Rugby rules was the Foot Ball Association of Canada, organized on March 24, 1873 followed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU) founded June 12, 1880, which included teams from Ontario and Quebec. Later both the Ontario and Quebec Rugby Football Union (ORFU and QRFU) were formed (January 1883), and then the Interprovincial (1907) and Western Interprovincial Football Union (1936) (IRFU and WIFU). The CRFU reorganized into an umbrella organization forming the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) in 1891. The original forerunners to the current Canadian Football League, was established in 1956 when the IRFU and WIFU formed an umbrella organization, The Canadian Football Council (CFC). And then in 1958 the CFC left The CRFU to become The CFL.

Question: On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed?
Answer: March 24, 1873

Question: Which governing organization for Canadian football was formed on June 12, 1880?
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union

Question: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?
Answer: 1936

Question: Which Canadian football union expanded its scope in 1891? 
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union

Question: Which organization founded in 1956 evolved into the modern Canadian Football League?
Answer: Canadian Football Council
Title: Canadian_football

The Burnside rules closely resembling American Football that were incorporated in 1903 by The ORFU, was an effort to distinguish it from a more rugby-oriented game. The Burnside Rules had teams reduced to 12 men per side, introduced the Snap-Back system, required the offensive team to gain 10 yards on three downs, eliminated the Throw-In from the sidelines, allowed only six men on the line, stated that all goals by kicking were to be worth two points and the opposition was to line up 10 yards from the defenders on all kicks. The rules were an attempt to standardize the rules throughout the country. The CIRFU, QRFU and CRU refused to adopt the new rules at first. Forward passes were not allowed in the Canadian game until 1929, and touchdowns, which had been five points, were increased to six points in 1956, in both cases several decades after the Americans had adopted the same changes. The primary differences between the Canadian and American games stem from rule changes that the American side of the border adopted but the Canadian side did not (originally, both sides had three downs, goal posts on the goal lines and unlimited forward motion, but the American side modified these rules and the Canadians did not). The Canadian field width was one rule that was not based on American rules, as the Canadian game played in wider fields and stadiums that were not as narrow as the American stadiums.

Question: Which Canadian football rules did the ORFU adopt in 1903?
Answer: Burnside

Question: Which three Canadian football unions resisted the Burnside Rules?
Answer: CIRFU, QRFU and CRU

Question: In which year did forward passes become acceptable in Canadian football?
Answer: 1929

Question: Which style of North American football changed the rules of their game the most from their earliest versions?
Answer: American
Title: Canadian_football

The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954. The move ushered in the modern era of Canadian professional football.

Question: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909?
Answer: Albert Grey

Question: When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship?
Answer: 1940s and early 1950s

Question: Which trophy was awarded to a Canadian football champion beginning in 1909?
Answer: Grey Cup

Question: Which was the last amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?
Answer: Ontario Rugby Football Union

Question: What government position was held by the man who donated the Grey Cup to Canadian football?
Answer: The Governor General of Canada
Title: Canadian_football

Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules between 1992 and 1995. The move was aborted after three years; the Baltimore Stallions were the most successful of the numerous Americans teams to play in the CFL, winning the 83rd Grey Cup. Continuing financial losses, a lack of proper Canadian football venues, a pervasive belief that the American teams were simply pawns to provide the struggling Canadian teams with expansion fee revenue, and the return of the NFL to Baltimore prompted the end of Canadian football on the American side of the border.

Question: Which one country besides Canada has hosted a professional Canadian football game?
Answer: United States

Question: In which year did the CFL first attempt an expansion into the United States?
Answer: 1992

Question: Which American CFL team won the Grey Cup?
Answer: Baltimore Stallions

Question: The return of an NFL team to which city contributed to the demise of the CFL's American expansion?
Answer: Baltimore

Question: How many years did the CFL South Division last?
Answer: three
Title: Canadian_football

Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams in three divisions in the Canadian Junior Football League competing for the Canadian Bowl. The Quebec Junior Football League includes teams from Ontario and Quebec who battle for the Manson Cup.

Question: Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?
Answer: Football Canada

Question: How many football teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport?
Answer: 26

Question: Which trophy goes to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport football champion?
Answer: Vanier Cup

Question: What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?
Answer: Canadian Bowl

Question: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Answer: Ontario and Quebec
Title: Canadian_football

The Canadian football field is 150 yards (137 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide with end zones 20 yards (18 m) deep, and goal lines 110 yards (101 m) apart. At each goal line is a set of 40-foot-high (12 m) goalposts, which consist of two uprights joined by an 18 1⁄2-foot-long (5.6 m) crossbar which is 10 feet (3 m) above the goal line. The goalposts may be H-shaped (both posts fixed in the ground) although in the higher-calibre competitions the tuning-fork design (supported by a single curved post behind the goal line, so that each post starts 10 feet (3 m) above the ground) is preferred. The sides of the field are marked by white sidelines, the goal line is marked in white, and white lines are drawn laterally across the field every 5 yards (4.6 m) from the goal line. These lateral lines are called "yard lines" and often marked with the distance in yards from and an arrow pointed toward the nearest goal line. In previous decades, arrows were not used and every yard line was usually marked with the distance to the goal line, including the goal line itself which was marked with a "0"; in most stadiums today, the 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-yard lines are marked with numbers, with the goal line sometimes being marked with a "G". The centre (55-yard) line usually is marked with a "C". "Hash marks" are painted in white, parallel to the yardage lines, at 1 yard (0.9 m) intervals, 24 yards (21.9 m) from the sidelines. On fields that have a surrounding running track, such as Commonwealth Stadium, Molson Stadium, and many universities, the end zones are often cut off in the corners to accommodate the track. In 2014, Edmonton placed turf over the track to create full end zones. This was particularly common among U.S.-based teams during the CFL's American expansion, where few American stadiums were able to accommodate the much longer and noticeably wider CFL field.

Question: How many yards wide is a Canadian football field?
Answer: 65

Question: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?
Answer: 5.6

Question: What part of a Canadian football field was sometimes marked with a "G"?
Answer: goal line

Question: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?
Answer: 24 yards (21.9 m)
Title: Canadian_football

At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in. The remaining choice is given to the opposing captain. Before the resumption of play in the second half, the captain that did not have first choice in the first half is given first choice. Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.

Question: Which team calls heads or tails in the coin flip before a CFL game?
Answer: visiting

Question: Who on a football team articulates the team's decision following the coin flip?
Answer: captain

Question: What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?
Answer: which direction of the field to play in

Question: Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?
Answer: the opposing captain