rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Black_people

Due to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed "almost every trope of blackness". Christopher Hitchens was offended by the notion of Clinton as the first black president, noting, "Mr Clinton, according to Toni Morrison, the Nobel Prize-winning novelist, is our first black President, the first to come from the broken home, the alcoholic mother, the under-the-bridge shadows of our ranking systems. Thus, we may have lost the mystical power to divine diabolism, but we can still divine blackness by the following symptoms: broken homes, alcoholic mothers, under-the-bridge habits and (presumable from the rest of [Arthur] Miller's senescent musings) the tendency to sexual predation and to shameless perjury about same." Some black activists were also offended, claiming that Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain as no other president had before, while not serving black interests. They cite the lack of action during the Rwandan Genocide and his welfare reform, which Larry Roberts said had led to the worst child poverty since the 1960s. Others cited that the number of black people in jail increased during his administration.

Question: Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"?
Answer: Toni Morrison

Question: Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black?
Answer: Christopher Hitchens

Question: Who is Toni Morrison?
Answer: Nobel Prize-winning novelist

Question: Why were people offended by this comment?
Answer: Clinton used his knowledge of black culture to exploit black people for political gain

Question: What horrible event was on-going during Clinton's term that made people upset?
Answer: Rwandan Genocide
Title: Black_people

In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to escape. The story of him and his descendants is that of multi-racial America since it appeared he and his sons married or had unions with white women, likely indentured servants and working-class like them. Their multi-racial children were free because they were born to free English women. Over time, Obama's line of the Bunch family (as they became known) were property owners and continued to "marry white"; they became part of white society, likely by the early to mid-18th century.

Question: Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of?
Answer: John Punch

Question: Who is John Punch?
Answer: the first African slave in the Virginia colony

Question: When was Punch indentured?
Answer: 1640

Question: Why was he indentured for life?
Answer: trying to escape

Question: Why were his children free?
Answer: they were born to free English women
Title: Black_people

Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 million, the Spanish Caribbean and Spanish Mainland with 1.59 million Africans, and the French Caribbean with 1.32 million. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million in South America and the Caribbean. In addition to skin color, other physical characteristics such as facial features and hair texture are often variously used in classifying peoples as black in South America and the Caribbean. In South America and the Caribbean, classification as black is also closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables, especially in light of social conceptions of "blanqueamiento" (racial whitening) and related concepts.

Question: How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?
Answer: 12 million

Question: How many were shipped to South America and the Caribbean?
Answer: 11.5 million

Question: How many slaves were imported by Brazil?
Answer: 5.5 million

Question: How many slaves were imported by the British Caribbean?
Answer: 2.76 million

Question: How is black identified in South America?
Answer: closely tied to social status and socioeconomic variables,
Title: Black_people

The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial categories were acknowledged, based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and no one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. In Brazil, people are classified by appearance, not heredity.

Question: How are people in Brazil classified?
Answer: by appearance

Question: What country has a complex way of acknowledging race?
Answer: Brazil

Question: How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?
Answer: based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color

Question: How are people evaluated in Brazil?
Answer: like the colors of the spectrum
Title: Black_people

Scholars disagree over the effects of social status on racial classifications in Brazil. It is generally believed that achieving upward mobility and education results in individuals being classified as a category of lighter skin. The popular claim is that in Brazil, poor whites are considered black and wealthy blacks are considered white. Some scholars disagree, arguing that "whitening" of one's social status may be open to people of mixed race, a large part of the population known as pardo, but a person perceived as preto (black) will continue to be classified as black regardless of wealth or social status.

Question: What type of skin color has a better chance of a good life in Brazil?
Answer: lighter skin

Question: What are poor whites considered in Brazil?
Answer: black

Question: What are wealthy blacks considered in Brazil?
Answer: white

Question: What does Preto mean?
Answer: (black)
Title: Black_people

From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individuals. Brazil has the largest population of Afro-descendants outside of Africa. In contrast to the US, during the slavery period and after, the Portuguese colonial government and later Brazilian government did not pass formal anti-miscegenation or segregation laws. As in other Latin countries, intermarriage was prevalent during the colonial period and continued afterward. In addition, people of mixed race (pardo) often tended to marry white, and their descendants became accepted as white. As a result, some of the European descended population also has West African or Amerindian blood. According to the last census of the 20th century, in which Brazilians could choose from five color/ethnic categories with which they identified, 54% of individuals identified as white, 6.2% identified as black, and 39.5% identified as pardo (brown) — a broad multi-racial category, including tri-racial persons.

Question: How many slaves were shipped from Africa to Brazil between 1500 and 1850?
Answer: estimated 3.5 million

Question: How much of the Brazilian population are descendants of slavery?
Answer: more than half

Question: Second to Africa, what is Brazil have the largest population of?
Answer: Afro-descendants

Question: What was not passed in Brazil during slavery?
Answer: segregation laws

Question: What was prevalent in Brazilian culture during slavery?
Answer: intermarriage
Title: Black_people

By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry.

Question: How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?
Answer: 6.2%

Question: How much identified as mixed race?
Answer: 40%

Question: How much identified as white?
Answer: 55%

Question: How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007?
Answer: 29%
Title: Black_people

Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities.

Question: What has Brazil avoided?
Answer: the binary polarization of society into black and white

Question: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?
Answer: civil war

Question: How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?
Answer: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.

Question: Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? 
Answer: Elio Ferreira de Araujo

Question: Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?
Answer: black and indigenous communities.
Title: Black_people

In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed]

Question: In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn?
Answer: 75%

Question: In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites?
Answer: 50%

Question: What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?
Answer: one-drop rule

Question: What does the one drop rule do?
Answer: discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry.

Question: What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?
Answer: illiteracy and education levels
Title: Black_people

Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Question: What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?
Answer: blacks

Question: How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?
Answer: 80%

Question: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?
Answer: 1965

Question: When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?
Answer: Hurricane Katrina
Title: Black_people

Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance. (Pardos may achieve "white" status if they have attained the middle-class or higher social status).

Question: What do critics claim people of color have?
Answer: limited media visibility

Question: What has the Brazilian media been accused of?
Answer: hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations.

Question: What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?
Answer: northern Europeans

Question: What is another word for "Light Skinned"
Answer: mulatto
Title: Black_people

These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.

Question: What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include?
Answer: all African-descended people

Question: What does this aim to stimulate?
Answer: a "black" consciousness and identity.

Question: What does the term "pardo" include?
Answer: a wide range of multiracial people

Question: What does caboclos mean?
Answer: mestizos
Title: The_Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

Question: The Times is based in what major British city?
Answer: London

Question: What year did the initial incarnation of The Times start?
Answer: 1785

Question: What was the original name of The Times before changing its name?
Answer: The Daily Universal Register

Question: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
Answer: Times Newspapers

Question: The Times, owned by News UK, is itself owned by what major corporation?
Answer: News Corp group

Question: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
Answer: Times Newspapers

Question: What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register?
Answer: 1788

Question: What year did The Daily Universal Register initially start?
Answer: 1785
Title: The_Times

The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.

Question: What year did The Times of India start?
Answer: 1838

Question: What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start?
Answer: 1845

Question: What year did The New York Times start?
Answer: 1851

Question: What year did the Irish Times start?
Answer: 1859

Question: What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start?
Answer: 1872
Title: The_Times

The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.

Question: What major typeface font was started by The Times?
Answer: Times Roman

Question: Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?
Answer: Stanley Morison

Question: In November 2006, The Times changed its font to what new font typeface?
Answer: Times Modern

Question: How long was The Times printed in broadsheet format?
Answer: 219 years

Question: In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?
Answer: 2004
Title: The_Times

Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.

Question: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?
Answer: moderate

Question: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?
Answer: Labour Party

Question: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?
Answer: 394,448

Question: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?
Answer: Gage Cengage

Question: What political party has the highest readership of The Times?
Answer: Conservative Party
Title: The_Times

The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

Question: The Times was founded by what publisher who also was the editor?
Answer: John Walter

Question: The Times was known as what name before it became The Times?
Answer: The Daily Universal Register

Question: What year was the very first publication of The Times?
Answer: 1785

Question: The first publisher and editor of The Times when to prison for what crime when printed in his newspaper?
Answer: libel

Question: Before the newspaper changed its name to The Times, how many editions were printed?
Answer: 940
Title: The_Times

The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.

Question: In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?
Answer: 5,000

Question: Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press?
Answer: steam-driven cylinder press

Question: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?
Answer: reputation

Question: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?
Answer: Friedrich Koenig
Title: The_Times

Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

Question: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?
Answer: Thomas Barnes

Question: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?
Answer: his son

Question: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?
Answer: The Thunderer

Question: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?
Answer: steam-driven rotary printing press

Question: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?
Answer: John Thadeus Delane
Title: The_Times

The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.

Question: The Times was the first newspaper to send correspondents to what kind of event?
Answer: war

Question: Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?
Answer: W. H. Russell

Question: Which war did The Times first cover using correspondents?
Answer: Crimean War