rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the non-aggression pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic.[clarification needed] The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled "Suite on Finnish Themes" to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months while inflicting stiff losses on Soviet forces, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000, although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed the casualties may have been one million.

Question: The Soviets took over and setup a fake government in what country?
Answer: Finnish Democratic Republic

Question: How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?
Answer: over three months

Question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?
Answer: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

Question: How many Finnish people lost their homes?
Answer: 422,000
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deported or killed. Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union. The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.

Question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? 
Answer: Soviet NKVD

Question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis?
Answer: Scheschupe area

Question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the least amount of people through deportation or loss of life?
Answer: Latvia

Question: How did these countries become part of the USSR?
Answer: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

Question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR?
Answer: 6

Question: What month did France sue for peace?
Answer: June

Question: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?
Answer: Two days
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.

Question: Who were the “intelligentia?” 
Answer: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists

Question: How long did liquidation occur?
Answer: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940

Question:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton?
Answer: 16,000 members
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.

Question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto? 
Answer: 380,000

Question: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto?
Answer: 43,000

Question: Which group of people were considered inferior?
Answer: Poles and other Slavs

Question: How many Polish people were used in labor camps?
Answer: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens

Question: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz?
Answer: 1.1 million people
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark). The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea. It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues. It also covered the migration to Germany within two and a half months of ethnic Germans and German citizens in Soviet-held Baltic territories, and the migration to the Soviet Union of Baltic and "White Russian" "nationals" in German-held territories.

Question: How much did the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union?
Answer: 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark)

Question: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?
Answer: two and a half months

Question: How long did the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions?
Answer: two and a half months

Question: How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements?
Answer: until August 1, 1942
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce." Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.

Question: Who was part of Hollywood Ten?
Answer: Herbert Biberman

Question: Who was the leader of the American communist party?
Answer: Earl Browder

Question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?
Answer: Western Communists
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dimitrov,[clarification needed] and the latter sketched a new Comintern line on the war. The new line—which stated that the war was unjust and imperialist—was approved by the secretariat of the Communist International on 9 September. Thus, the various western Communist parties now had to oppose the war, and to vote against war credits. Although the French Communists had unanimously voted in Parliament for war credits on 2 September and on 19 September declared their "unshakeable will" to defend the country, on 27 September the Comintern formally instructed the party to condemn the war as imperialist. By 1 October the French Communists advocated listening to German peace proposals, and Communist leader Maurice Thorez deserted from the French Army on 4 October and fled to Russia. Other Communists also deserted from the army.

Question: The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? 
Answer: the war was unjust and imperialist

Question: The western communists claimed the war was what?
Answer: the war was unjust and imperialist

Question: French communists voted for what?
Answer: war credits

Question: Where did Maurice Thorez go after deserting the Army?
Answer: fled to Russia
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan."

Question: Who wanted war with the Soviet Union?
Answer: English–French war bloc

Question: Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union
Answer: German government

Question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?
Answer: the most reactionary force in the world
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system.

Question: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?
Answer: Britain and France

Question: Why was the west creating a war?
Answer: to maintain the Versailles system.

Question: Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda?
Answer: Molotov
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."

Question: What was the title of Molotov’s report called?
Answer: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union

Question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west?
Answer: extermination of Hitlerism

Question: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing?
Answer: defending democracy
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.

Question: How much more expansive was the newest trade agreement?
Answer: was over four times larger

Question: What was the trade route between german and the soviet union?
Answer: occupied Polish territories

Question: Where were the soybeans coming from?
Answer: Manchuria

Question:  What famous ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?
Answer: the battleship Bismarck

Question: How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?
Answer: thirty
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.

Question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades?
Answer: a submarine base

Question: Where was the sub base located?
Answer: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk

Question: Which oceans did the sub base provide access to?
Answer: both the Atlantic and the Pacific
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."

Question: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?
Answer: Ribbentrop

Question: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?
Answer: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant

Question: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?
Answer: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

In August 1940, the Soviet Union briefly suspended its deliveries under their commercial agreement after their relations were strained following disagreement over policy in Romania, the Soviet war with Finland, Germany falling behind in its deliveries of goods under the pact and with Stalin worried that Hitler's war with the West might end quickly after France signed an armistice. The suspension created significant resource problems for Germany. By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases. However, in late August, Germany arranged its own occupation of Romania, targeting oil fields. The move raised tensions with the Soviets, who responded that Germany was supposed to have consulted with the Soviet Union under Article III of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

Question: Who stopped the trade because of a disagreement involving Romania?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: What regions were redrawn in effort to improve relations between Germany and the Soviets?
Answer: Hungarian and Romanian borders

Question: Who started refining Romanian oil?
Answer: Germany
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Union to join the Axis and potentially enjoy the spoils of the pact. After negotiations during November 1940 on where to extend the USSR's sphere of influence, Hitler broke off talks and continued planning for the eventual attempts to invade the Soviet Union.

Question: What countries agreed to a tripartisan agreement?
Answer: Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy

Question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this agreement of axis powers?
Answer: Ribbentrop

Question: Who would the axis powers oppose in the new agreement?
Answer: Britain and the USA
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. Stalin felt that there was a growing split in German circles about whether Germany should initiate a war with the Soviet Union. Stalin did not know that Hitler had been secretly discussing an invasion of the Soviet Union since summer 1940, and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power.

Question: Who was planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?
Answer: Hitler

Question: Who did the Soviet Union agree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April?
Answer: Japan

Question: Why did Stalin sign the pact? 
Answer: reinforce a public affection for Germany
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941.

Question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces occur?
Answer: Soviet positions in eastern Poland

Question: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?
Answer: 4.3 million casualties

Question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?
Answer: three million Soviet prisoners

Question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the initial attack occurred?
Answer: matter of weeks
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA).

Question: How many pages of secret documents were microfilmed?
Answer: 9,800 pages

Question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the end of the war?
Answer: Exploitation German Archives

Question: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?
Answer: Thuringia

Question: Why did Karl von Loesch bury the microfilm?
Answer: personal insurance for his future well-being

Question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he turned over the documents?
Answer: the American zone