rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Germans

After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

Question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?
Answer: expelled the Germans

Question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? 
Answer: for centuries

Question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?
Answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens

Question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?
Answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany

Question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?
Answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million

Question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? 
Answer: World War II

Question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?
Answer: allied-occupied Germany
Title: Germans

The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?
Answer: Protestant Reformation

Question: How was early German culture developed?
Answer: literary and religious figures

Question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?
Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

Question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?
Answer: aftermath of the French Revolution

Question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?
Answer: Protestant Reformation

Question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?
Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder

Question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?
Answer: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

Question: Who was Johann Herder?
Answer: German philosopher
Title: Germans

Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

Question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?
Answer: most German

Question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?
Answer: Aussiedler

Question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?
Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?
Answer: Auswanderer

Question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?
Answer: most German

Question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?
Answer: Aussiedler

Question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?
Answer: Restdeutsche

Question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?
Answer: Auswanderer
Title: Germans

The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question: What is the native language of Germans?
Answer: German

Question: What languages is German related to?
Answer: English and Dutch

Question: How many natives speak German?
Answer: 100 million

Question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?
Answer: German

Question: What is the dominant language of science?
Answer: English
Title: Germans

People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

Question: How many German Americans are there?
Answer: 50 million

Question: How many Germans live in Brazil?
Answer: 5 million

Question: How many people in the world have German heritage?
Answer: 100 million

Question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?
Answer: one third
Title: Germans

German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

Question: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?
Answer: Albertus Magnus

Question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?
Answer: 17th century

Question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?
Answer: Kant

Question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?
Answer: Engels

Question: When was the University of Berlin founded?
Answer: 1810
Title: Germans

The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

Question: Who discovered X-Rays?
Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?
Answer: 1901

Question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?
Answer: Bavaria

Question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?
Answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck
Title: Germans

In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

Question: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?
Answer: Germany

Question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?
Answer: Austro-German

Question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?
Answer: Beethoven
Title: Germans

As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.

Question: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?
Answer: fourth largest

Question: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?
Answer: trance

Question: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?
Answer: electronic

Question: What is the largest music festival in Germany?
Answer: Rock am Ring

Question: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?
Answer: up to 30,000
Title: Germans

German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.

Question: Who was the original German cinematic?
Answer: Max Skladanowsky

Question: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?
Answer: propaganda

Question: Who controls film production in the GDR?
Answer: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft

Question: When did German cinema come back internationally?
Answer: 1960s
Title: Germans

More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

Question: In what year was the never ending story made?
Answer: 1984

Question: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?
Answer: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

Question: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
Answer: 2007

Question: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?
Answer: yearly

Question: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?
Answer: 1951
Title: Germans

Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
Answer: 1517

Question: During what years was the thirty year war?
Answer: 1618–1648

Question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?
Answer: Roman Catholicism

Question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?
Answer: Germany

Question: Who was the thirty year war between?
Answer: Protestants and Catholics
Title: Germans

According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

Question: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?
Answer: 30.8

Question: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?
Answer: 30.3

Question: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?
Answer: Protestant

Question: Where is there a non-religious majority?
Answer: Hamburg and the East German states
Title: Germans

Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.

Question: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?
Answer: 27 million

Question: What is the most popular sport in Germany?
Answer: Football

Question: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?
Answer: German Football Federation

Question: How many members are in the German Football Federation?
Answer: 6.3 million
Title: Germans

Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

Question: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?
Answer: 2006

Question: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?
Answer: 2010

Question: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?
Answer: 14%

Question: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?
Answer: 59
Title: Germans

Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Question: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?
Answer: 19th

Question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
Answer: Nationalism

Question: Who was threatened by Nationalism?
Answer: aristocratic regimes

Question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
Answer: Romanovs and the Habsburgs

Question: Where was Johann Tillmann from?
Answer: East Prussia
Title: Germans

By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Question: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?
Answer: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire

Question: When was the German Empire created?
Answer: 1871

Question: Who was Wilhelm I?
Answer: head of a union of German-speaking states

Question: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
Answer: influence and territory

Question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
Answer: The Austrian Empire
Title: Germans

Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

Question: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?
Answer: treaty of Versailles

Question: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?
Answer: Volga Germans

Question: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?
Answer: German-Austria

Question: What is the German translation for German-Austria?
Answer: Deutschösterreich
Title: Germans

For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.

Question: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?
Answer: 60

Question: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?
Answer: 78

Question: Where does Eugen Buss work?
Answer: University of Hohenheim
Title: Germans

In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.

Question: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
Answer: Radek Sikorski

Question: What are Germans trying to forget?
Answer: Nazi past

Question: What are Germans trying to focus on?
Answer: Prussian history

Question: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
Answer: Germany