rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Greeks

Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the Dorian invasion. In the 5th century BC, they were redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek which was spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos. There are many controversial theories on the origin of the Achaeans. According to one view, the Achaeans were one of the fair-headed tribes of upper Europe, who pressed down over the Alps during the early Iron age (1300 BC) to southern Europe. Another theory suggests that the Peloponnesian Dorians were the Achaeans. These theories are rejected by other scholars who, based on linguistic criteria, suggest that the Achaeans were mainland pre-Dorian Greeks. There is also the theory that there was an Achaean ethnos that migrated from Asia minor to lower Thessaly prior to 2000 BC. Some Hittite texts mention a nation lying to the west called Ahhiyava or Ahhiya. Egyptian documents refer to Ekwesh, one of the groups of sea peoples who attached Egypt during the reign of Merneptah (1213-1203 BCE), who may have been Achaeans.

Question: What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his poems for Greeks ?
Answer: Achaeans and Danaans

Question: What is believed to be the derivative of these names ?
Answer: pre-Dorian

Question: What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?
Answer: redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek

Question: Where was this origin of this redefinition ?
Answer: spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos

Question: What was the age in 1300 BC named ?
Answer: early Iron age
Title: Greeks

In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).

Question: In Homer's poems who were the Greeks at odds with ?
Answer: Trojans

Question: From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?
Answer: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom

Question: What community did the Denyen live in ?
Answer: Denyen

Question: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?
Answer: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt
Title: Greeks

The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to Chinese alone. Since its inception, Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture and the national continuity of the Greek world is a lot more certain than its demographic. Yet, Hellenism also embodied an ancestral dimension through aspects of Athenian literature that developed and influenced ideas of descent based on autochthony. During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire, areas such as Ionia and Constantinople experienced a Hellenic revival in language, philosophy, and literature and on classical models of thought and scholarship. This revival provided a powerful impetus to the sense of cultural affinity with ancient Greece and its classical heritage. The cultural changes undergone by the Greeks are, despite a surviving common sense of ethnicity, undeniable. At the same time, the Greeks have retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion, (the word barbarian was used by 12th-century historian Anna Komnene to describe non-Greek speakers), a sense of Greek identity and common sense of ethnicity despite the global political and social changes of the past two millennia.

Question: What is the easiest connection between the Greeks of old and those of today ?
Answer: most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language

Question: How log did the age of darkness last for the Greeks ?
Answer: Greek Dark Ages (lasting from the 11th to the 8th century BC)

Question: Who else has a history as long standing as those of the Greeks ?
Answer: continuity of tradition to Chinese alone

Question: When did most of the Eastward sector of the Roman expanse choose to have a rebirth of Greek traditions and appreciations ?
Answer: During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire

Question: What aspects of the Greek culture have remained steadfast throughout the years ?
Answer: retained their language and alphabet, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion
Title: Greeks

Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; nonetheless, the population of Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828. A large percentage of the population growth since the state's foundation has resulted from annexation of new territories and the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens

Question: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?
Answer: Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population

Question: What's the estimated populace of Greeks on the isle of Cyprus ?
Answer: Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population

Question: Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?
Answer: Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth

Question: Is the Greek populace on a whole increasing or decreasing in numbers ?
Answer: Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828.

Question: Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?
Answer: influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
Title: Greeks

Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, and a temporary decline in fertility. After the ethnic cleansing of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974, there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving, especially for the Middle East, which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s. Today more than two-thirds of the Greek population in Cyprus is urban.

Question: Which colonial enterprise for land was the Greek Isles a part of 
Answer: British Empire

Question: Who was living on with the Greeks in Cyprus s 1974 ?
Answer: Turkish

Question: Whee these new inhabitants welcomed ?
Answer: Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Question: During the early seventies where did most Cyprus Greeks decide to go ?
Answer: the Middle East
Title: Greeks

There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination. This effectively ended, though not entirely, the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor. There are smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states, remnants of the Old Greek Diaspora (pre-19th century).

Question: What other countries boast of a Greek populace ?
Answer: 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey

Question: What acts have caused the population of Greeks to be numbered so few in the country who name is reminiscent of a big American holiday?
Answer: 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination.

Question: How long was there a Greek influence represented in "little" Asia ? 
Answer: the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor

Question: Are there any Greek who still live in the area around the dark sea in any majority of numbers?
Answer: smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states,
Title: Greeks

The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where Census figures are available, they show around 3 million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the SAE - World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide. According to George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million. Integration, intermarriage, and loss of the Greek language influence the self-identification of the Omogeneia. Important centres of the New Greek Diaspora today are London, New York, Melbourne and Toronto. In 2010, the Hellenic Parliament introduced a law that enables Diaspora Greeks in Greece to vote in the elections of the Greek state. This law was later repealed in early 2014.

Question: How many people that are of Greek ascendancy live elsewhere than Greece ?
Answer: total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue

Question: Who provided the contradictory  population numbers for Greeks abroad ?
Answer: World Council of Hellenes Abroad

Question: How many Greeks do they believe would be an accurate number for census numbers ?
Answer: World Council of Hellenes Abroad put the figure at around 7 million worldwide

Question: At what university is this issue of accurate consensus for Greeks living elsewhere being debated an 
Answer: Sorbonne University

Question: Who has presented the contradictory number to the census groups ?
Answer: George Prevelakis of Sorbonne University, the number is closer to just below 5 million
Title: Greeks

In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alexander the Great's empire and successor states, Greek and Hellenizing ruling classes were established in the Middle East, India and in Egypt. The Hellenistic period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization that established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Under the Roman Empire, easier movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories, Greek became the lingua franca rather than Latin. The modern-day Griko community of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy.

Question: What helped to advance the Greek way of life beyond its boarders ?
Answer: the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language

Question: What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ?
Answer: Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts.

Question: How were the rulers of social class picked to be representatives in the now traditionally Arabic speaking part of the world and in Northern Africa ?
Answer: Under Alexander the Great's empire and successor states, Greek and Hellenizing ruling classes were established in the Middle East, India and in Egypt.

Question: What period marked the expansion of Greek thinking and expression ?
Answer: The Hellenistic period
Title: Greeks

During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.

Question: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules  ?
Answer: Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state

Question: What did they do that contributed to the Greek's success of establishment?
Answer: important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad

Question: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the Greeks ?
Answer: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries

Question: What countries did they settle in ?
Answer: Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool)

Question: How were these relationships with the other countries most likely established ?
Answer: from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.
Title: Greeks

Greek culture has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the Classical period, the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped. Ottoman Greeks had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in genocide in the 20th century but nevertheless included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures. The Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today.

Question: What is considered the start of the Grecian cultural world ?
Answer: beginning in the Mycenaean civilization

Question: Which devotion of time was heavily influenced by the religious followers of the  Son of God ?
Answer: the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity

Question: In what centennial was the massacre of the Greeks of Ottoman descent ?
Answer: genocide in the 20th century

Question: Was there anything good that could be found from the divergence into exchange ?
Answer: included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures.

Question: Who was given the merit for the reemergence of the Greek way of life ?
Answer: Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture
Title: Greeks

Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and Turkish origin. Because of the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotismos in the 19th century, which emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage, these foreign influences were excluded from official use via the creation of Katharevousa, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state. In 1976, however, the Hellenic Parliament voted to make the spoken Dimotiki the official language, making Katharevousa obsolete.

Question: What other dialects share a thread with the Greek language. 
Answer: other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund),

Question: What radical political changes occurred during the 19th century ?
Answer: the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotismos in the 19th century

Question: What did these changes highlight ?
Answer: emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage

Question: What became the official dialect of Greeks and what was it missing ?
Answer: Katharevousa, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state.

Question: What choices in 1976 made a change to the decisions concerning the official dialect ? 
Answer: In 1976, however, the Hellenic Parliament voted to make the spoken Dimotiki the official language
Title: Greeks

Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek). Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greeks in Greece and the Diaspora are bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.

Question: What is different about the use of Greek language today as opposed to the language of the past ?
Answer: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects

Question: What are some of the local jargon used in Greek speaking?
Answer: wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian

Question: What language still survives as the representation of the one of the three religious orders of historic Greece ?
Answer: Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek)

Question: What ancient language is still in use today in some of the minuscule societies in the Grecian world ?
Answer: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.

Question: Do the people of Greek ascendancy only speak Grecian languages ?
Answer: bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.
Title: Greeks

Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There are small groups of ethnic Greeks adhering to other Christian denominations like Greek Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims. About 2,000 Greeks are members of Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism congregations.

Question: What is the religion of the Greek majority ?
Answer: Christians

Question: What denominational variance do they adhere to for the most part ?
Answer: belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church

Question: What language was the second half of the Bible originally written in ?
Answer: the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek

Question: This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ?
Answer: Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church

Question: What other varieties of Christianity can be found among the Grecian people ?
Answer: Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims.
Title: Greeks

Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West, ancient Greek art was influential in shaping the Roman and later the modern western artistic heritage. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.

Question: What input did the Greeks have on artistry of the world ?
Answer: visual, literary and performing arts.

Question: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?
Answer: the Renaissance in Europe

Question: What important heritage of art  from Greece was celebrated during this time ?
Answer: the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.

Question: What enacted the transactions of customs and ways of life for the people of the Asian continent and the Grecian people ?
Answer: In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures

Question: In the Land of the Rising Sun, what influence was of Greek descent ?
Answer: Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.