rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Slavs

Polabian Slavs (Wends) settled in parts of England (Danelaw), apparently as Danish allies. Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled on Norse age Iceland. Saqaliba refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served as caliph's guards. In the 12th century, there was intensification of Slavic piracy in the Baltics. The Wendish Crusade was started against the Polabian Slavs in 1147, as a part of the Northern Crusades. Niklot, pagan chief of the Slavic Obodrites, began his open resistance when Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor, invaded Slavic lands. In August 1160 Niklot was killed and German colonization (Ostsiedlung) of the Elbe-Oder region began. In Hanoverian Wendland, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lusatia invaders started germanization. Early forms of germanization were described by German monks: Helmold in the manuscript Chronicon Slavorum and Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of Lower Saxony. In Eastern Germany, around 20% of Germans have Slavic paternal ancestry. Similarly, in Germany, around 20% of the foreign surnames are of Slavic origin.

Question: Who settled in parts of England?
Answer: Polabian Slavs (Wends)

Question: Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?
Answer: parts of England (Danelaw)

Question: Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?
Answer: Norse age Iceland

Question: What refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus?
Answer: Saqaliba

Question: Saqaliba served as what?
Answer: caliph's guards
Title: Slavs

Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.

Question: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?
Answer: Tatars and other Turks

Question: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?
Answer: Ossetians

Question: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?
Answer: Orthodox Christians
Title: Slavs

The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.

Question: Where did the Gorals reside?
Answer: southern Poland and northern Slovakia

Question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?
Answer: Gorals

Question: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?
Answer: 14th to 17th centuries

Question: What population descended from the Vlachs?
Answer: Moravian Wallachia
Title: Slavs

Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed]

Question: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?
Answer: the Magyar or Romanian population

Question: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?
Answer: Romania

Question: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?
Answer: Bulgaria

Question: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?
Answer: Carpathian basin
Title: Southampton

Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.

Question: What's the estimated population of Southampton?
Answer: 253,651

Question: What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?
Answer: Sotonian

Question: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?
Answer: Hampshire

Question: How many miles away from London is Southampton?
Answer: 75

Question: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?
Answer: north-west
Title: Southampton

Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.

Question: What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?
Answer: WestQuay

Question: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: October

Question: What war is Southampton often associated with?
Answer: World War II

Question: What company owns WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: Hammerson

Question: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: 1,550
Title: Southampton

In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is also known as Solent City, particularly in the media when discussing local governance organisational changes. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas.

Question: What other city merged with Southampton after the 2001 census?
Answer: Portsmouth

Question: What's the other name for South Hampshire?
Answer: Solent City

Question: In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?
Answer: 855,569

Question: What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?
Answer: South Hampshire

Question: What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?
Answer: 1.5 million
Title: Southampton

Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.

Question: What year did the Romans invade Britain?
Answer: AD 43

Question: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?
Answer: Clausentum

Question: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?
Answer: stone age

Question: What is the site of Clausentum called now?
Answer: Bitterne Manor

Question: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?
Answer: a wall
Title: Southampton

The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.

Question: What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?
Answer: Anglo-Saxons

Question: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?
Answer: Hamwic

Question: What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?
Answer: Hamtun

Question: What county in England was named after Hampton?
Answer: Hampshire

Question: What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?
Answer: Itchen
Title: Southampton

Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.

Question: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?
Answer: Viking

Question: What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?
Answer: 840

Question: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?
Answer: 10th

Question: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?
Answer: Southampton
Title: Southampton

Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth and wool.

Question: In what year did the Norman Conquest take place?
Answer: 1066

Question: What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?
Answer: Winchester

Question: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?
Answer: Normandy

Question: In what century was Southampton Castle built?
Answer: 12th

Question: During the 13th century, what did Southampton get in trade for English cloth and wool?
Answer: French wine
Title: Southampton

Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.

Question: Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?
Answer: 12th

Question: What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?
Answer: Black Death

Question: What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?
Answer: 1348

Question: In addition to King John's House, what's the name of another rich merchant's dwelling that still partly remains?
Answer: Canute's Palace
Title: Southampton

The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.

Question: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?
Answer: Charles Grimaldi

Question: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?
Answer: Monaco

Question: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?
Answer: 1339

Question: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?
Answer: 13

Question: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?
Answer: 1175
Title: Southampton

The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. The walls were completed in the 15th century, but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications.

Question: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?
Answer: God's House Tower

Question: In what year was the God's House Tower built?
Answer: 1417

Question: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?
Answer: Museum of Archaeology

Question: Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?
Answer: Henry VIII

Question: In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?
Answer: 15th
Title: Southampton

On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way. The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Southampton, founded circa 1233 and dissolved in 1538, were swept away in the 1940s. The site is now occupied by Friary House.

Question: The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?
Answer: Castle Way

Question: About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?
Answer: 1233

Question: What year did Southampton's Franciscan friary shut down?
Answer: 1538

Question: In what decade were the leftovers of the Southampton friary destroyed?
Answer: 1940s

Question: What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?
Answer: Friary House
Title: Southampton

Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.

Question: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?
Answer: 1290

Question: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
Answer: Conduit Head

Question: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?
Answer: 1310

Question: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?
Answer: 1420

Question: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?
Answer: Conduit House
Title: Southampton

In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.

Question: What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?
Answer: English Civil War

Question: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?
Answer: 1642

Question: What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?
Answer: Redbridge

Question: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?
Answer: March
Title: Southampton

During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.

Question: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?
Answer: shipbuilding

Question: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?
Answer: HMS Grace Dieu

Question: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?
Answer: Walter Taylor

Question: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?
Answer: Thornycroft

Question: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?
Answer: Industrial Revolution
Title: Southampton

Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

Question: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?
Answer: Battle of Agincourt

Question: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?
Answer: Southampton Plot

Question: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?
Answer: Red Lion

Question: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?
Answer: Richard

Question: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?
Answer: the Bargate
Title: Southampton

Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.

Question: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?
Answer: embarkation

Question: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?
Answer: the Crimean war

Question: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?
Answer: the Great War

Question: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?
Answer: POWs

Question: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?
Answer: 1944
Title: Southampton

Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.

Question: When did Southampton turn into a spa town?
Answer: 1740

Question: Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?
Answer: 1760s

Question: Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?
Answer: West Quay

Question: What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?
Answer: the tide
Title: Southampton

The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.

Question: In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?
Answer: Victorian era

Question: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?
Answer: 1835

Question: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?
Answer: October

Question: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?
Answer: 1840

Question: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?
Answer: The Gateway to the Empire
Title: Southampton

In his 1854 book "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star" John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under various names it winds in a gently sweeping line for one mile and a half, and is of very handsome width. The variety of style and color of material in the buildings affords an exhibition of outline, light and color, that I think is seldom equalled. The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept exceedingly clean."

Question: Who wrote "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star"?
Answer: John Choules

Question: What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?
Answer: Oxford

Question: How long was Southampton's High Street as described by Choules?
Answer: one mile and a half

Question: What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?
Answer: elegant

Question: Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?
Answer: clean
Title: Southampton

The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.

Question: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?
Answer: Mayflower

Question: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?
Answer: 1620

Question: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?
Answer: Four

Question: What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?
Answer: Cunard

Question: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?
Answer: 1968
Title: Southampton

The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.

Question: Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?
Answer: R J Mitchell

Question: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?
Answer: Portswood

Question: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?
Answer: blue

Question: In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?
Answer: September

Question: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?
Answer: Allied forces