rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence." Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest." According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt." After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again.

Question: Name one actor that Madonna was inspired by?
Answer: Marilyn Monroe

Question: Madonna's Material Girl recreated whose look?
Answer: Monroe's

Question: The video Express Yourself was inspired by which silent film?
Answer: Metropolis

Question: Who stated that Madonna was a bad actress to watch?
Answer: Stephanie Zacharek

Question: Which one of Madonna's movie is a box office bomb?
Answer: Swept Away
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The music video of the song "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo. Madonna is also a collector of Tamara de Lempicka's Art Deco paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours. Her video for "Hollywood" (2003) was an homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use of his father's work. Pop artist Andy Warhol's use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for "Erotica" and "Deeper and Deeper".

Question: Whose art influence Madonna?
Answer: Frida Kahlo

Question: Which video featured art from Kahlo and Remedios Varo?
Answer: Bedtime Story

Question: Madonna collects whose painting?
Answer: Tamara de Lempicka

Question: Her video Hollywood was a homage to which photographer?
Answer: Guy Bourdin
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means "star". She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying: "It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is "not hurting anybody". The influence of the Kabbalah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music. During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore T-shirts that read "Kabbalists Do It Better". Her 2012 MDNA album has also drawn many influences from her Catholic upbringing, and since 2011 she has been attending meetings and services at an Opus Dei center, a Catholic institution that encourages spirituality through every day life.

Question: Which religion was Madonna dedicated to?
Answer: Kabbalah

Question: Which year did she adopt the name Esther?
Answer: 2004

Question: The influence of Kabbalah is seen in which album?
Answer: Ray of Light

Question: Where did Madonna attend Catholic services in 2011?
Answer: Opus Dei center
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

In The Madonna Companion biographers Allen Metz and Carol Benson noted that more than any other recent pop artist, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and enhance her recorded work. According to them, many of her songs have the imagery of the music video in strong context, while referring to the music. Cultural critic Mark C. Taylor in his book Nots (1993) felt that the postmodern art form par excellence is video and the reigning "queen of video" is Madonna. He further asserted that "the most remarkable creation of MTV is Madonna. The responses to Madonna's excessively provocative videos have been predictably contradictory." The media and public reaction towards her most-discussed songs such as "Papa Don't Preach", "Like a Prayer", or "Justify My Love" had to do with the music videos created to promote the songs and their impact, rather than the songs themselves. Morton felt that "artistically, Madonna's songwriting is often overshadowed by her striking pop videos."

Question: Who are the Madonna Companion Biographers?
Answer: Allen Metz and Carol Benson

Question: Madonna used which TV company to help with her career?
Answer: MTV

Question: The most remarkable creation in MTV is whom?
Answer: Madonna
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era. Author Douglas Kellner noted, "such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences." Madonna's Spanish look in the videos became the fashion trend of that time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessorizing with rosary beads and a crucifix as in the video of "La Isla Bonita".

Question: What influence did Madonna music video reflects?
Answer: American and Hispanic mixed street style

Question: She transmit her avant garde style to which audience?
Answer: American audience

Question: Which look of Madonna became a fashion trend?
Answer: Spanish look

Question: What type of Spanish clothings were worn for the video La Ista Bonita?
Answer: boleros and layered skirts
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."

Question: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?
Answer: Academics

Question: In which video was it the most obvious?
Answer: "Like a Prayer

Question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?
Answer: MTV

Question: When was Madonna awarded the accolade?
Answer: 2003
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from The New York Times spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, "MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words." The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, "Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing." Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by "stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time."

Question: Who had new standards of showmanship?
Answer: Madonna and Janet Jackson

Question: Who earned a reputation of lip synching in the Blond Ambition Tour?
Answer: Madonna

Question: What came as an expense of live singing?
Answer: highly athletic dancing
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the "Madonna mic". Metz noted that Madonna represents a paradox as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes. Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos. Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized. Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are deemed as "extravagant show piece, a walking art show."

Question: What did Madonna use in her concerts?
Answer: hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones

Question: What was the microphone coined as?
Answer: "Madonna mic"

Question: Who is first to have reenactment of her music videos in concerts?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Whose concerts are extravagant live shows?
Answer: Madonna's
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Various music journalists, critical theorists, and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time. Author Carol Clerk wrote that "during her career, Madonna has transcended the term 'pop star' to become a global cultural icon." Rolling Stone of Spain wrote that "She became the first viral Master of Pop in history, years before the Internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookshops. A pop dialectic, never seen since The Beatles's reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality." Laura Barcella in her book Madonna and Me: Women Writers on the Queen of Pop (2012) wrote that "really, Madonna changed everything the musical landscape, the '80s look du jour, and most significantly, what a mainstream female pop star could (and couldn't) say, do, or accomplish in the public eye." William Langley from The Daily Telegraph felt that "Madonna has changed the world's social history, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to." Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again. He further asserted that Madonna and Michael Jackson invented the terms Queen and King of Pop.

Question: Who is the most influential recording artist of all time?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Who wrote the book, Madonna and Me?
Answer: Laura Barcella

Question: Who said that Madonna changed the world social history?
Answer: William Langley from The Daily Telegraph

Question: Who said that Madonna is like post-moderm art?
Answer: Alan McGee from The Guardian
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers." According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her "daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her." Time magazine included her in the list of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of "100 Greatest Women in Music" and "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era".

Question: Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Who is the director of the curator of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum?
Answer: Howard Kramer

Question: A lot of modern pop artist grew up listening to whom?
Answer: Madonna,

Question: Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?
Answer: Time magazine

Question: Who is the other woman who earned the title?
Answer: Aretha Franklin
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise "irreverent" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had "started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice." Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as "an almost sacred feminist icon."

Question: Madonna used what to benefit her career?
Answer: sexual imagery

Question: Who started a revolution in music with women?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Who wrote that Madonna is an almost scared feminist icon?
Answer: Professor Sut Jhally

Question: Who is regarded as a feminist during her time?
Answer: Madonna
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself." London Business School academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her." Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: "Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies."

Question: Who is an acclaim role model business woman?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Madonna generated how much in sales in the first 10 years of her career?
Answer: $1.2 billion in

Question: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?
Answer: London Business School academics

Question: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?
Answer: Morton
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide. The Guinness World Records acknowledged her as the best-selling female recording artist and the fourth best-selling act of all time, behind The Beatles, Elvis Presley, and Michael Jackson. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second top-selling female albums artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. Madonna is the most certified artist of all time in United Kingdom, with 45 awards from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) as of April 2013. Billboard named Madonna as the top touring female artist of all time. She is also the highest grossing solo touring artist, with over $1.31 billion in concert gross, starting from the Blond Ambition World Tour; she first crossed a billion gross with The MDNA Tour. Overall, Madonna ranks third on all-time top-grossing Billboard Boxscore list, with just The Rolling Stones ($1.84 billion) and U2 ($1.67 billion) ahead of her. Madonna has been honored with 20 MTV Video Music Awards—the most for any artist—including the lifetime achievement Video Vanguard Award in 1986.

Question: Madonna sold how many albums worldwide?
Answer: 300 million records

Question: Who is the best selling female rock artist in the 20th century?
Answer: Madonna

Question: Who named Madonna as the top female touring artist of all time?
Answer: Billboard

Question: How much did Madonna make in all her concerts together?
Answer: $1.31 billion

Question: How many MTV video music awards does Madonna have?
Answer: 20
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)

Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts, including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200. With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart, pulling ahead of George Strait with 44 number-one songs on the Hot Country Songs chart. She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100, more than any other artist in history. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked her at number two, behind The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart.

Question: Who holds the record for the most number 1 hits?
Answer: Madonna

Question: How many songs does Madonna have on the Hot Dance Club Songs Chart?
Answer: 45

Question: Who has the most number one songs in an active BiIlboard chart?
Answer: Madonna

Question: How many top 10 singles on the Hot 100 does Madonna have?
Answer: 38

Question: Who is the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart?
Answer: Madonna
Title: London

London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.

Question: What city is the capital of England?
Answer: London

Question: Who founded the city of London?
Answer: the Romans

Question: As of 2011, what was the population of London?
Answer: 7,375

Question: What part of London constitutes the bulk of the city?
Answer: county of Greater London

Question: When founded by the Romans, what was the name they gave the city of London?
Answer: Londinium

Question: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?
Answer: 7,375

Question: On what river is London situated?
Answer: River Thames

Question: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?
Answer: Londinium

Question: What bodies govern Greater London?
Answer: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly

Question: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?
Answer: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2)
Title: London

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

Question: Where does London rank in the world in terms of Metropolitan GDP?
Answer: fifth-or sixth-largest

Question: Based on international arrivals, where does London rank in terms of most-visited cities?
Answer: world's most-visited

Question: How many universities are located in London?
Answer: 43

Question: Where does London rank in the world's university rankings?
Answer: first

Question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympics?
Answer: three times

Question: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?
Answer: fifth-or sixth-largest

Question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?
Answer: three

Question: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city?
Answer: international arrivals

Question: How many universities does London boast?
Answer: 43

Question: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?
Answer: 2012