rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Sexual_orientation

Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little coherent relationship between the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself or herself as bisexual, homosexual, or heterosexual". Individuals typically experience diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure and is not necessarily indicative of an underlying sexual orientation. For example, a woman may have fantasies or thoughts about sex with other women but never act on these thoughts and only have sex with opposite gender partners. If sexual orientation was being assessed based on one's sexual attraction then this individual would be considered homosexual, but her behavior indicates heterosexuality.

Question: What are sexual attraction. behavior, and idenity components of?
Answer: sexual orientation

Question: What do individuals typically experience?
Answer: diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure

Question: What is there little coherent relationships between?
Answer: the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself
Title: Sexual_orientation

In the paper "Who's Gay? Does It Matter?", Ritch Savin-Williams proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated. For example:

Question: Who wrote the paper "Whos Gay? Does It Matter?
Answer: Ritch Savin-Williams

Question: What does RItch SAvin-Williams propose in this paper?
Answer: suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction

Question: What did he propose to measure attraction?
Answer: that biological measures should be developed and used.

Question: What else does Savin-Williams suggest?
Answer: researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether

Question: What components does he believe shoud be used in studies?
Answer: assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated
Title: Sexual_orientation

These studies suggest that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns and that this is also reflected in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli. Sexual orientation has many dimensions (attractions, behavior, identity), of which sexual arousal is the only product of sexual attractions which can be measured at present with some degree of physical precision. Thus, the fact that women are aroused by seeing non-human primates having sex does not mean that women's sexual orientation includes this type of sexual interest. Some researchers argue that women's sexual orientation depends less on their patterns of sexual arousal than men's and that other components of sexual orientation (like emotional attachment) must be taken into account when describing women's sexual orientations. In contrast, men's sexual orientations tend to be primarily focused on the physical component of attractions and, thus, their sexual feelings are more exclusively oriented according to sex.

Question: What do these studies suggest?
Answer: that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns

Question: How is this reflected in the studies?
Answer: in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli.

Question: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?
Answer: attractions, behavior, identity

Question: What do mens sexual orientations tend be focused on?
Answer: physical component of attractions

Question: What do researches believe must be taken into account for women in these studies?
Answer: emotional attachment
Title: Sexual_orientation

One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance. 2015 research suggests that "gaydar" is an alternate label for using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation, and that face-shape is not an accurate indication of orientation.

Question: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?
Answer: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people

Question: What is a term for someone who tries to determine someones sexuality?
Answer: gaydar

Question: What have somes studies show when researching how someone uses "gaydar"?
Answer: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance

Question: What did research in 2015 suggest was an alternate label for gaydar?
Answer: using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation

Question: What did this research also show about face-shape?
Answer: not an accurate indication of orientation.
Title: Sexual_orientation

Estimates for the percentage of the population that are bisexual vary widely, at least in part due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality). A study in 2004 placed the prevalence of asexuality at 1%.

Question: What is part of the reason for the varying estimates of the bisexual population?
Answer: due to differing definitions of bisexuality.

Question: What is one way a study can view bisexuality?
Answer: if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes,

Question: What is another way studies can view bisexuality?
Answer: they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons)

Question: What is the percentage of asexuals?
Answer: 1%.
Title: Sexual_orientation

Some historians and researchers argue that the emotional and affectionate activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries. For example, in many English-speaking nations, it is assumed that same-sex kissing, particularly between men, is a sign of homosexuality, whereas various types of same-sex kissing are common expressions of friendship in other nations. Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.

Question: What do historians and researches argue about concerning the emotional and affectionate activities?
Answer: activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries.

Question: What can be assumed in english speaking nations when two men kiss?
Answer: is a sign of homosexuality

Question: What do some cultures have formal ceremonies for?
Answer: expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends
Title: Dell

Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.

Question: What number was dell on the Fortune 500 list until 2014?
Answer: 51

Question: When did Dell go private?
Answer: 2013

Question: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of what?
Answer: PC monitors

Question: In which state is Dell the sixth largest company?
Answer: Texas

Question: What PC vendor rank did Dell hold?
Answer: third largest
Title: Dell

Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.

Question: What market did Dell ignore at first?
Answer: consumer market

Question: When did Dell's internet site gain popularity?
Answer: 1996

Question: What was happening to Dell's average sale to individuals?
Answer: going up

Question: When did Dell create their internal marketing group?
Answer: 1997
Title: Dell

Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and Acer, had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift. The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players. Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.

Question: What sales model did Dell use for a long time?
Answer: direct

Question: Who were the main driving force behind PC sales?
Answer: Consumers

Question: Where were consumers going to buy devices other than online?
Answer: consumer electronics retail stores

Question: What market presence did Dell lack?
Answer: retail

Question: What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?
Answer: Texas
Title: Dell

In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.

Question: What industry was getting smaller?
Answer: PC

Question: When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?
Answer: 2011

Question: What other American company fell behind Lenovo with Dell?
Answer: Hewlett Packard

Question: What PC was taking corporate customers from Dell?
Answer: ThinkPad

Question: What company was Dell behind in profits in 2012?
Answer: Apple Inc.
Title: Dell

Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants. By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.

Question: Which of Dell's processes handles PC assembly, testing, and quality control?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: Where did Dell configure their notebooks?
Answer: in-house

Question: When did Dell describe their changing approach to manufacturing?
Answer: 2006

Question: Who reported that Dell was offering to sell their manufacturing plants?
Answer: The Wall Street Journal

Question: What manufacturers was Dell losing to efficiency-wise?
Answer: Asian
Title: Dell

Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.

Question: What type of Dell media has appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines?
Answer: advertisements

Question: One of Dell's marketing strategies is what kind of shipping?
Answer: free

Question: What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share?
Answer: 2006

Question: By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices?
Answer: half

Question: Where does Dell take most of its purchases for its products?
Answer: Internet
Title: Dell

In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009[update], Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centres throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program.

Question: What year did Dell make an agreement with Officeworks?
Answer: 2008

Question: What computer model did Dell ask Officeworks to carry?
Answer: Inspiron

Question: In which country did Dell partner with Harris Technology?
Answer: Australian

Question: What company did Dell team with in late 2008?
Answer: Dick Smith Electronics

Question: What year did Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?
Answer: 2010
Title: Dell

On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share. The investigation, begun in November 2006, resulted from concerns raised by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over some documents and information that Dell Inc. had submitted. It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from Intel for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer AMD. In 2010 Dell finally paid $100 million to settle the SEC's charges of fraud. Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions, without admitting or denying the charges.

Question: What department did Dell launch an internal investigation on?
Answer: accounting

Question: What was the minimum amount of earnings that would be restated by Dell's investigation?
Answer: $50 million

Question: What year did Dell's internal investigation begin?
Answer: 2006

Question: Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from?
Answer: AMD

Question: How much did Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?
Answer: $100 million
Title: Dell

In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.

Question: What decade did Dell begin to sell things other than PCs?
Answer: 1990s

Question: IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the major providers of what?
Answer: servers

Question: What servers did Dell create that they tried to break into the market with?
Answer: PowerEdge

Question: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?
Answer: 1998

Question: Which company did Dell exceed as a server provider?
Answer: Compaq
Title: Dell

The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.

Question: What market made up the majority of Dell's sales?
Answer: PC

Question: What advantage did Dell hold in the PC market?
Answer: price

Question: What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more efficient to compete with Dell?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: Where did Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?
Answer: big box stores

Question: What company stated that Dell was preventing itself from innovating?
Answer: CNET
Title: Dell

By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.

Question: What decade did Dell's manufacturing process become less efficient?
Answer: 2000s

Question: What plant did Dell close in Texas?
Answer: Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center

Question: What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million but was later closed?
Answer: North Carolina

Question: What company bought the North Carolina plant from Dell?
Answer: Herbalife

Question: The plant in what US state still remains in operation?
Answer: Florida