rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service, with the only advertisements on the network being shown between features – which advertise TCM products, network promotions for upcoming special programs and the original trailers for films that are scheduled to be broadcast on TCM (particularly those that will air during the primetime hours), and featurettes about classic film actors and actresses. In addition to this, extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects – from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, and Robert Benchley – under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders). In 2007, some of the short films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCM's website. Partly to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies schedules its feature films either at the top of the hour or at :15, :30 or :45 minutes past the hour, instead of in timeslots of varying five-minute increments.

Question: What were TCM Extras previously known as?
Answer: One Reel Wonders

Question: When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website?
Answer: 2007

Question: Along with The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay and Pete Smith Specialties, what short subjects feature on TCM?
Answer: Robert Benchley

Question: Along with :45, :30 and :15 past the hour, at what time do TCM features begin?
Answer: top of the hour
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

Question: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?
Answer: 1968

Question: In what year did the Motion Picture Production Code cease?
Answer: 1968

Question: What rating system is often used by TCM?
Answer: TV Parental Guidelines
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers that are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release.

Question: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?
Answer: 31 Days of Oscar

Question: When does TCM's programming season begin?
Answer: February

Question: On its standard definition broadcast, what format does TCM use to preserve the original aspect ratio?
Answer: letterboxed

Question: Along with Cary Grant, who is a notable actor whose career a viewer might follow on TCM?
Answer: Humphrey Bogart
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

TCM's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Studios (primarily film content from Walt Disney Pictures, as well as most of the Selznick International Pictures library), Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures), StudioCanal, and Janus Films.

Question: Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library?
Answer: Walt Disney Studios

Question: Who is the owner of Columbia Pictures content?
Answer: Sony Pictures Entertainment

Question: How many films are present in the TCM library?
Answer: thousands
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through Sony Pictures Television); distribution of 20th Century Fox's film library is handled for television by its 21st Century Fox subsidiary 20th Television, and the Walt Disney Studios (owned by The Walt Disney Company) has its library film output handled for television by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. Classic films released by 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios, and Columbia Pictures are licensed individually for broadcast on Turner Classic Movies.

Question: Who owns the majority of pre-1950 Paramount sound releases?
Answer: EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution

Question: Who owns Paramount?
Answer: Viacom

Question: Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's post-1949 releases?
Answer: Trifecta Entertainment & Media

Question: Who owns Walt Disney Studios?
Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Question: Who manages the TV distribution of Walt Disney Studios?
Answer: Disney-ABC Domestic Television
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films) on Sunday through Wednesday evenings – with Osborne only presenting primetime films on weekends – and Ben Mankiewicz presenting only late evening films on Thursdays, and the "Silent Sunday Nights" and "TCM Imports" blocks on Sundays.

Question: Who presents films on TCM on Wednesday nights?
Answer: Robert Osborne

Question: What is Robert Osborne by profession?
Answer: film historian

Question: Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?
Answer: medical leave

Question: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?
Answer: Ben Mankiewicz

Question: What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?
Answer: 8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which Osborne is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer); an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

Question: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?
Answer: Wednesdays

Question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?
Answer: Robert Osbourne

Question: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?
Answer: February 2011

Question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?
Answer: 2012
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured programming has their own distinctive feature presentation bumper for the particular scheduled presentation. The Essentials, currently hosted by Osborne and Sally Field as of 2015[update], is a weekly film showcase airing on Saturday evenings (with a replay on the following Sunday at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time), which spotlights a different movie and contains a special introduction and post-movie discussion.

Question: When does 31 Days of Oscar occur?
Answer: month preceding the Academy Awards

Question: When does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?
Answer: August

Question: As of 2015, who hosted The Essentials along with Robert Osborne?
Answer: Sally Field

Question: On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week?
Answer: Saturday

Question: On what day are repeats of The Essentials shown?
Answer: Sunday
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s[specify]), a weekly presentation of films originally released in foreign countries. TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).

Question: What movie block shows silent films?
Answer: Silent Sunday Nights

Question: What movie block shows foreign films?
Answer: TCM Imports

Question: When did TCM Underground first appear?
Answer: October 2006

Question: On what day is TCM Underground shown?
Answer: Friday

Question: Who was the first host of TCM Underground?
Answer: Rob Zombie
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Each August, Turner Classic Movies suspends its regular schedule for a special month of film marathons called "Summer Under the Stars", which features entire daily schedules devoted to the work of a particular actor, with movies and specials that pertain to the star of the day. In the summer of 2007, the channel debuted "Funday Night at the Movies", a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This summer block featured classic feature films (such as The Wizard of Oz, Sounder, Bringing Up Baby, Singin' in the Rain, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Adventures of Robin Hood and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) aimed at introducing these movies to new generations of children and their families.

Question: In what month does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?
Answer: August

Question: Who hosted Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: Tom Kenny

Question: What character was Tom Kenny best known for portraying?
Answer: SpongeBob SquarePants

Question: In what year did Funday Night at the Movies first appear?
Answer: 2007
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much.

Question: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: Essentials Jr.

Question: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?
Answer: Abigail Breslin

Question: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?
Answer: John Lithgow

Question: Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?
Answer: Bill Hader

Question: In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: 2008
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

In addition to films, Turner Classic Movies also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities, the world of filmmaking and particularly notable films. An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of how these pictures influenced white people's image of said races, as well as how people of those races viewed themselves. Previous installments have included "Asian Images on Film" in 2008, "Native American Images on Film" in 2010, "Black Images on Film" in 2006 "Latino Images on Film" in 2009 and "Arab Images on Film" in 2011. The network aired the film series Screened Out (which explored the history and depiction of homosexuality in film) in 2007 and Religion on Film (focusing on the role of religion in cinematic works) in 2005. In 2011, TCM debuted a new series entitled AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration.

Question: In what year did Screened Out appear?
Answer: 2007

Question: What year saw the debut of Religion on Film?
Answer: 2005

Question: What series premiered in 2011?
Answer: AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration

Question: In what year did Arab Images on Film first appear?
Answer: 2011

Question: What was the topic of Screened Out?
Answer: history and depiction of homosexuality in film
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

In December 1994, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation. Following the recent death of an especially famous classic film personality (usually an actor, producer, filmmaker or director), the segment will feature a montage of select shots of the deceased's work. Every December, a longer, more inclusive "TCM Remembers" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013). Since 2001, the soundtracks for these clipreels have been introspective melodies by indie artists such as Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009).

Question: In what month and year did TCM Remembers premiere?
Answer: December 1994

Question: Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?
Answer: end-of-year compilation

Question: In what month of the year does a longer version of TCM Remembers appear?
Answer: December

Question: In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?
Answer: 2007

Question: Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009?
Answer: Steve Earle
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Home Video). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleased on DVD or VHS. The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the TCM library. The initial batch of DVDs are printed in limited quantities and subsequent batches are made-on-demand (MOD).

Question: Through what company is the TCM Vault Collection released?
Answer: Warner Home Video

Question: What do the TCM Vault Collection bonus discs feature in addition to documentaries?
Answer: shorts

Question: After the initial batch of TCM Vault Collection DVDs are printed, how are they made afterwards?
Answer: on-demand
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.

Question: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?
Answer: October 2015

Question: Who was TCM's partner in the TCM Wineclub?
Answer: Laithwaite

Question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?
Answer: Francis Ford Coppola

Question: Who starred in True Grit?
Answer: John Wayne

Question: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?
Answer: 3 month
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies

Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network, some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of TCM are available in Australia, France, Middle East, South Africa, Cyprus, Spain, Asia, Latin America, Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta. The UK version operates two channels, including a spinoff called TCM 2.

Question: What Canadian cable provider first carried Turner Classic Movies?
Answer: Shaw Cable

Question: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?
Answer: 2005

Question: In what year did Rogers Cable begin to include TCM?
Answer: 2006

Question: What is the name of the TCM spinoff channel operated in the UK?
Answer: TCM 2

Question: In what month and year did Rogers Cable add TCM to its analog broadcasts?
Answer: February 2007
Title: Hindu_philosophy

Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India. The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) – Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are those that accept the Vedas as authoritative, important source of knowledge.[note 1][note 2] Ancient and medieval India was also the source of philosophies that share philosophical concepts but rejected the Vedas, and these have been called nāstika (heterodox or non-orthodox) Indian philosophies. Nāstika Indian philosophies include Buddhism, Jainism, Cārvāka, Ājīvika, and others.

Question: What was the origin of Hindu philosophy?
Answer: ancient India

Question: How many main systems of Hindu philosophy are there?
Answer: six

Question: What are the main orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy called?
Answer: Astika

Question: What is the accepted source of knowledge in the Astika system?
Answer: Vedas

Question: What are the non-orthodox Indian philosophies that do not accept Vedas called?
Answer: nāstika
Title: Hindu_philosophy

Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various sibling traditions included in Hindu philosophies are diverse, and they are united by shared history and concepts, same textual resources, similar ontological and soteriological focus, and cosmology. While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions, some heterodox traditions such as Cārvāka are often considered as distinct schools within Hindu philosophy.

Question: What have scholars argued about with regards to nastika and astika philosophies?
Answer: relationship and differences

Question: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?
Answer: 18th and 19th

Question: What are Buddhism and Jainism regarded as in relation to religion and philosophy?
Answer: distinct

Question: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?
Answer: distinct schools

Question: How available are the sources of knowledge on Indian philosophy?
Answer: limited
Title: Hindu_philosophy

Hindu philosophy also includes several sub-schools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the monism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Examples of such schools include Pāśupata Śaiva, Śaiva siddhānta, Pratyabhijña, Raseśvara and Vaiṣṇava. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions. The ideas of these sub-schools are found in the Puranas and Āgamas.

Question: How many orthodox philosophies are in Hindu?
Answer: six

Question: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?
Answer: Nyāya

Question: What Hindu philosophy is about naturalism?
Answer: Vaiśeṣika

Question: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?
Answer: Sāṅkhya

Question: What Hindu philosophy stresses self knowledge?
Answer: Advaita
Title: Hindu_philosophy

Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts) Each of these are further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each school . The various schools vary on how many of these six are valid paths of knowledge. For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.

Question: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?
Answer: pramāṇas

Question: How many pramanas are there in Hindu philosophy?
Answer: six

Question: What is the pramanas for perception?
Answer: pratyakṣa

Question: What Hindu philosohy is concerned with inference?
Answer: anumāṇa

Question: Which pramanas is understanding of experts?
Answer: śabda