rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Somerset

A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.

Question: Why were decoy towns used in WW2
Answer: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night

Question: What did the decoy towns mimic 
Answer: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets

Question: Who layed out  Beacon Batch 
Answer: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights

Question: What decoy city was hit 
Answer: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941
Title: Somerset

The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended across the river into Somerset. In 1373 Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset... and that it should be a county by itself".

Question: How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant 
Answer: are largely unaltered from medieval times

Question: What river forms the border of Somerset 
Answer: The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum

Question: What did king Edward the 3 do 
Answer: Edward III proclaimed "that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset
Title: Somerset

Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366. The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the chief settlement of the county's only borough). The largest urban areas in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater. Many settlements developed because of their strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills. Examples include Axbridge on the River Axe, Castle Cary on the River Cary, North Petherton on the River Parrett, and Ilminster, where there was a crossing point on the River Isle. Midsomer Norton lies on the River Somer; while the Wellow Brook and the Fosse Way Roman road run through Radstock. Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest.

Question: When did Somerton take over from Ilchester as the county town 
Answer: in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366

Question: How many cities and towns in Somerset 
Answer: The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns

Question: The largest populations of the county 
Answer: in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater

Question: What was the strategic purpose to settle this area 
Answer: strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills

Question: Most Southernly town of somerset
Answer: Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest
Title: Somerset

To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the south-west of the Somerset Levels are the Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 which is covered in heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands with plantations of conifer and covers 99 square kilometres. The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

Question: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels 
Answer: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills

Question: What area was Designated to have outstanding beauty 
Answer: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956

Question: What is the name of the coal field 
Answer: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire

Question: What area support dairy farming 
Answer: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
Title: Somerset

There is an extensive network of caves, including Wookey Hole, underground rivers, and gorges, including the Cheddar Gorge and Ebbor Gorge. The county has many rivers, including the Axe, Brue, Cary, Parrett, Sheppey, Tone and Yeo. These both feed and drain the flat levels and moors of mid and west Somerset. In the north of the county the River Chew flows into the Bristol Avon. The Parrett is tidal almost to Langport, where there is evidence of two Roman wharfs. At the same site during the reign of King Charles I, river tolls were levied on boats to pay for the maintenance of the bridge.

Question: What's the name of the cave system 
Answer: an extensive network of caves, including Wookey Hole

Question: Name 2 of the county gorges 
Answer: and gorges, including the Cheddar Gorge and Ebbor Gorge

Question: Name some of the county rivers 
Answer: the Axe, Brue, Cary, Parrett, Sheppey, Tone and Yeo

Question: What did King charles levy on river boats 
Answer: King Charles I, river tolls were levied on boats to pay for the maintenance of the bridge.
Title: Somerset

The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills. They consist of marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors. The Levels are divided into two by the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue. The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres) and broadly corresponds to the administrative district of Sedgemoor but also includes the south west of Mendip district. Approximately 70% of the area is grassland and 30% is arable. Stretching about 32 kilometres (20 mi) inland, this expanse of flat land barely rises above sea level. Before it was drained, much of the land was under a shallow brackish sea in winter and was marsh land in summer. Drainage began with the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons; in the Middle Ages by the Glastonbury Abbey, from 1400–1770; and during the Second World War, with the construction of the Huntspill River. Pumping and management of water levels still continues.

Question: What are the Somerset levels 
Answer: are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills

Question: what do the Somerset levels consist of 
Answer: marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors

Question: what are the 2 sections of the somerset levels
Answer: the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue

Question: What is the total area of the levels 
Answer: The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres)

Question: who started drainage of the Somerset levels 
Answer: the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons
Title: Somerset

The main coastal towns are, from the west to the north-east, Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead. The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve. North of that, the coast forms Weston Bay and Sand Bay whose northern tip, Sand Point, marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary. In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea. In the west, the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.

Question: What are the main coastal towns 
Answer: Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead

Question: what is the name of the natural reserve area 
Answer: Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve

Question: what does the western coastline look like 
Answer: the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.
Title: Somerset

Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.

Question: What is the somerset climate like 
Answer: a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country

Question: The annual sunshine rate of somerset 
Answer: Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours

Question: How many days of snow on average 
Answer: About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical

Question: The average rainfall level of somerset 
Answer: Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)
Title: Somerset

Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Burrowbridge and then travel via the River Tone to Taunton. The Parrett is now only navigable as far as Dunball Wharf. Bridgwater, in the 19th and 20th centuries, was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped. With its good links to the motorway system, Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice. AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems, is also based in the town. Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers.

Question: What is the leading port of somerset 
Answer: Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port

Question: what was manufacture in Bridgeport in the 19th and 20th century
Answer: was a centre for the manufacture of bricks and clay roof tiles, and later cellophane, but those industries have now stopped

Question: The good motor system presently allows for 
Answer: Bridgwater has developed as a distribution hub for companies such as Argos, Toolstation, Morrisons and Gerber Juice

Question: where are aircraft manufactured 
Answer: AgustaWestland manufactures helicopters in Yeovil, and Normalair Garratt, builder of aircraft oxygen systems

Question: What do many towns encourage 
Answer: Many towns have encouraged small-scale light industries, such as Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company, one of the UK's smallest car manufacturers
Title: Somerset

Somerset is an important supplier of defence equipment and technology. A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington, to manufacture explosives. The site was decommissioned and closed in July 2008. Templecombe has Thales Underwater Systems, and Taunton presently has the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office and Avimo, which became part of Thales Optics. It has been announced twice, in 2006 and 2007, that manufacturing is to end at Thales Optics' Taunton site, but the trade unions and Taunton Deane District Council are working to reverse or mitigate these decisions. Other high-technology companies include the optics company Gooch and Housego, at Ilminster. There are Ministry of Defence offices in Bath, and Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines. The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters and the Royal Marines Commando Westland Sea Kings. Around 1,675 service and 2,000 civilian personnel are stationed at Yeovilton and key activities include training of aircrew and engineers and the Royal Navy's Fighter Controllers and surface-based aircraft controllers.

Question: What type of factory was built in Somerset 
Answer: A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington

Question: What other high tech industry is in Somerset 
Answer: Other high-technology companies include the optics company Gooch and Housego, at Ilminster

Question: What is yeovilton home to 
Answer: The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters

Question: What area is home to royal marines 
Answer: Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines

Question: What is Somerset an important supplier of 
Answer: defence equipment and technology.
Title: Somerset

Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people. Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider. The towns of Taunton and Shepton Mallet are involved with the production of cider, especially Blackthorn Cider, which is sold nationwide, and there are specialist producers such as Burrow Hill Cider Farm and Thatchers Cider. Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray." Development of the milk-based industries, such as Ilchester Cheese Company and Yeo Valley Organic, have resulted in the production of ranges of desserts, yoghurts and cheeses, including Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).

Question: What area employs 15000 people in the couinty
Answer: Agriculture and food and drink production continue to be major industries in the county, employing over 15,000 people

Question: What type of orchids used to be pleantiful 
Answer: Apple orchards were once plentiful, and Somerset is still a major producer of cider

Question: What area is important to the fruit juice industry 
Answer: Gerber Products Company in Bridgwater is the largest producer of fruit juices in Europe, producing brands such as "Sunny Delight" and "Ocean Spray

Question: What area is PDO 
Answer: Cheddar cheese—some of which has the West Country Farmhouse Cheddar Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).
Title: Somerset

Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels and is commemorated at the Willows and Wetlands Visitor Centre. Fragments of willow basket were found near the Glastonbury Lake Village, and it was also used in the construction of several Iron Age causeways. The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem. During the 1930s more than 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) of willow were being grown commercially on the Levels. Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s. By the end of the 20th century only about 140 hectares (350 acres) were grown commercially, near the villages of Burrowbridge, Westonzoyland and North Curry. The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.

Question: Where is willow growing still practiced 
Answer: Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels

Question: What is pollarding 
Answer: The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem

Question: What did plastic bags result in 
Answer: Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s

Question: The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what 
Answer: The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.
Title: Somerset

Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.

Question: What towns grew around the weaving Industry 
Answer: Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry

Question: Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area 
Answer: the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia

Question: What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset 
Answer: Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group
Title: Somerset

The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone. Quarries at Doulting supplied freestone used in the construction of Wells Cathedral. Bath stone is also widely used. Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century, but it was used long before then. It was mined underground at Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines, and as a result of cutting the Box Tunnel, at locations in Wiltshire such as Box. Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material. Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry. Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement. Until the 1960s, Puriton had Blue Lias stone quarries, as did several other Polden villages. Its quarries also supplied a cement factory at Dunball, adjacent to the King's Sedgemoor Drain. Its derelict, early 20th century remains, was removed when the M5 motorway was constructed in the mid-1970s. Since the 1920s, the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates, with quarries at Merehead Quarry. It has a dedicated railway operation, Mendip Rail, which is used to transport aggregates by rail from a group of Mendip quarries.

Question: What type of stone was supplied in the county 
Answer: supplying freestone and building stone

Question: Who promoted the use of stone from the  Bath area
Answer: Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century

Question: What are some uses for Blue Lias
Answer: Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement

Question: What has been supplied by the county since the 1920's 
Answer: the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates