rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Boston

Boston is sometimes called a "city of neighborhoods" because of the profusion of diverse subsections; the city government's Office of Neighborhood Services has officially designated 23 neighborhoods.

Question: What s Boston sometimes called?
Answer: city of neighborhoods

Question: How many neighborhoods are in Boston?
Answer: 23 neighborhoods

Question: What division of the City Government designated the 23 neighborhoods?
Answer: Office of Neighborhood Services
Title: Boston

More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the "Trimountain", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay. Downtown and its immediate surroundings consists largely of low-rise (often Federal style and Greek Revival) masonry buildings, interspersed with modern highrises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings—the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent illuminated beacon, the color of which forecasts the weather. Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among areas of single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US. The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the "Big Dig"), which allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas.

Question: How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded?
Answer: More than two-thirds

Question: The modern land area was created by the gradual filling in of surrounding what?
Answer: tidal areas

Question: Tremont Street is named after what original hill in Boston?
Answer: Trimountain

Question: A train full of gravel came from Needham to fill what?
Answer: the Back Bay

Question: The Boston Public Library is located in what part of Boston?
Answer: the Back Bay
Title: Boston

Boston has a continental climate with some maritime influence, and using the −3 °C (27 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, the city lies within the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), although the suburbs north and west of the city are significantly colder in winter and solidly fall under the latter categorization; the city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods). Summers are typically warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters oscillate between periods of cold rain and snow, with cold temperatures. Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. The hottest month is July, with a mean temperature of 73.4 °F (23.0 °C). The coldest month is January, with a mean of 29.0 °F (−1.7 °C). Periods exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) in summer and below freezing in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 13 and 25 days per year seeing each, respectively. The most recent sub-0 °F (−18 °C) reading occurring on February 14, 2016 when the temperature dipped down to −9 °F (−23 °C), the coldest reading since 1957. In addition, several decades may pass between 100 °F (38 °C) readings, with the most recent such occurrence on July 22, 2011 when the temperature reached 103 °F (39 °C). The city's average window for freezing temperatures is November 9 through April 5.[c] Official temperature records have ranged from −18 °F (−28 °C) on February 9, 1934, up to 104 °F (40 °C) on July 4, 1911; the record cold daily maximum is 2 °F (−17 °C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 83 °F (28 °C) on August 2, 1975.

Question: Most of the city lies in which USDA plant hardiness zone?
Answer: 6b

Question: What minimizes the influence of the Atlantic ocean on Bostons weather?
Answer: Prevailing wind patterns

Question: What is the hottest month in Boston?
Answer: July

Question: What is the coldest month in Boston?
Answer: January
Title: Boston

Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain. The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)—away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Most snowfall occurs from December through March, as most years see no measurable snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October. There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d]

Question: On what coast is Boston located?
Answer: the North Atlantic

Question: What type of weather systems in Boston can produce much snow and rain?
Answer: Nor'easter

Question: What is the average rainfall in the City of Boston per year?
Answer: 43.8 inches

Question: What is the average snowfall per year in the City of Boston?
Answer: 43.8 inches

Question: When does most snowfall occur?
Answer: December through March
Title: Boston

Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday. Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum.

Question: During what seasons is fog common in Boston?
Answer: spring and early summer

Question: When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?
Answer: late summer and early autumn

Question: Sea breezes occur during what season?
Answer: late spring

Question: What months do thunderstorms occur in Boston?
Answer: May to September

Question: What is the average hours of sunshine per year in Boston?
Answer: 2,600
Title: Boston

In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.

Question: About what was the population of Boston in 2010?
Answer: 617,594

Question: How many housing units were there in Boston in 2010?
Answer: 272,481

Question: How many people are in Boston during work hours?
Answer: 1.2 million

Question: What can the population of Boston rech during special events?
Answer: 2 million

Question: What is the density of Boston's population?
Answer: 12,200 persons/sq mile
Title: Boston

In the city, the population was spread out with 21.9% at age 19 and under, 14.3% from 20 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males. There were 252,699 households, of which 20.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.0% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.08.

Question: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 19 and under?
Answer: 21.9%

Question: What percentage of the City of Boston's population is 20 to 24?
Answer: 14.3%

Question: What percentage of the City of Bostons population is 25 to 44?
Answer: 33.2%

Question: What percentage of the City of Bostons residents are 45 to 64?
Answer: 20.4%

Question: What percentage of the City of Boston's residents are over 65?
Answer: 10.1%
Title: Boston

The median household income in Boston was $51,739, while the median income for a family was $61,035. Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers. The per capita income for the city was $33,158. 21.4% of the population and 16.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 28.8% of those under the age of 18 and 20.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Question: What is the average household income in Boston?
Answer: $51,739

Question: What is the average family income in Boston?
Answer: $61,035

Question: What is the average income for a full time male worker?
Answer: $52,544

Question: What is the average income for a full time female worker?
Answer: $46,540

Question: What percent of families fall below the poverty line?
Answer: 16.0%
Title: Boston

In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. In 2006, the US Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available, the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding US Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).

Question: What percent of Boston's population was white in 1950?
Answer: 94.7%

Question: In 2000, what percen tof the population were non hispanic and white?
Answer: 49.5%

Question: What year did minorities become the majority of the population for the first time?
Answer: 2000

Question: In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where?
Answer: formerly non-white areas

Question: What year did non hispanic whites once again become the majority of the population?
Answer: 2006
Title: Boston

People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.

Question: What people form the largest ethnic group in the city?
Answer: People of Irish descent

Question: What percentage of the city's population is Irish?
Answer: 15.8%

Question: What is the second largest ethnic group in the city?
Answer: Italians

Question: What percentage of the citys population is italian?
Answer: 8.3%

Question: How many Chinese Americans lived in Boston City proper in 2013?
Answer: Over 27,000
Title: Boston

The city has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22. The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish.

Question: How many Jewish people live in the City of Boston?
Answer: 25,000

Question: How many Jewish people live in the Boston Metro area?
Answer: 227,000

Question: What is the total number of congregations in Boston?
Answer: 22

Question: What adjascent communities also hold a high Jewish population?
Answer: Brookline and Newton

Question: What is the estimated percentage of the population of Brookline and newton that are jewish?
Answer: one-third
Title: Boston

The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city population), Mexican (5,961 or 1.0% of total city population), and Guatemalan (4,451 or 0.7% of total city population) ethnic origin. When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917. In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+.

Question: What neighborhoos has a high rate of hispanics?
Answer: the East Boston neighborhood

Question: How many hispanics live in the City of Boston?
Answer: 107,917

Question: How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?
Answer: 175,000+

Question: How many Mexican hispanics live in greater Boston?
Answer: 25,000+

Question: How many Colombians live in greater Boston?
Answer: 22,000+
Title: Boston

According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population.

Question: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?
Answer: 57%

Question: In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Protestant?
Answer: 25%

Question: In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?
Answer: 29%

Question: In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?
Answer: 33%

Question: In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population?
Answer: 10%
Title: Boston

As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churches. The UCC is the successor of the city's Puritan religious traditions. Old South Church in Boston is one of the oldest congregations in the United States. It was organized in 1669 by dissenters from the First Church in Boston (1630). Notable past members include Samuel Adams, William Dawes, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Sewall, and Phillis Wheatley. In 1773, Adams gave the signals from the Old South Meeting House that started the Boston Tea Party.

Question: How many member attended the Catholic Church in the Boston area in 2010?
Answer: two million

Question: How many Catholic churches were in the Boston area in 2010?
Answer: 339

Question: How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010?
Answer: 160

Question: What Boston church is one of the oldest congregations in the US?
Answer: Old South Church

Question: What year was Old South Church organized?
Answer: 1669
Title: Boston

A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

Question: What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?
Answer: among the top 30

Question: What is the economy of Boston?
Answer: $363 billion

Question: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
Answer: sixth-largest

Question: What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
Answer: 12th-largest
Title: Boston

Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy. Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy. The area's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country. Boston receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health of all cities in the United States.

Question: How many college students does Boston attract?
Answer: more than 350,000

Question: Students from around the world contribute how much a year to Bostons economy?
Answer: $4.8 billion

Question: Because of the number of tech companies, the city is a hub for what?
Answer: biotechnology

Question: The Milken Institute rated Boston as the top what in the country?
Answer: life sciences cluster

Question: Of all cities in the US, Boston received the highest amount of funding from where?
Answer: the National Institutes of Health
Title: Boston

The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector.

Question: The city is innovative becaus eit has access to what type of capital?
Answer: venture capital

Question: There is a  high presence of what type of company in the city?
Answer: high-tech companies

Question: Route 128 and Greater Boston are centers for what type of investment?
Answer: venture capital investment

Question: What remains an important sector?
Answer: high technology
Title: Boston

Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy. The city is a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere.

Question: A large part of Boston's economy is made up of what?
Answer: Tourism

Question: How many tourists visited Boston in 2011?
Answer: 21.2 million

Question: How much did tourists spend in Boston in 2011?
Answer: $8.3 billion

Question: What year did the number of Tourists from china and the UK top the list?
Answer: 2014
Title: Boston

Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.

Question: Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry?
Answer: financial services

Question: What Boston investment firm helped make mutual funds popular in the 1980's?
Answer: Fidelity Investments

Question: What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?
Answer: Fidelity Investments

Question: Boston is the center for what type of capital firms?
Answer: venture capital

Question: In 2016, GE Corporation decided to move its global headquarters to where?
Answer: the Seaport District in Boston
Title: Boston

The Boston Public Schools enrolls 57,000 students attending 145 schools, including the renowned Boston Latin Academy, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, and Boston Latin School. The Boston Latin School, established 1635, is the oldest public high school in the US; Boston also operates the United States' second oldest public high school, and its oldest public elementary school. The system's students are 40% Hispanic or Latino, 35% Black or African American, 13% White, and 9% Asian. There are private, parochial, and charter schools as well, and approximately 3,300 minority students attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council.

Question: How many students are in Boston Public schools?
Answer: 57,000

Question: How many schools are in Boston?
Answer: 145 schools

Question: What is the oldest public high school in the US?
Answer: The Boston Latin School

Question: What percentage of Bostons public students are African American?
Answer: 35%