rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Mali

By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum.

Question: Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested?
Answer: Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré

Question: Thousands of soldiers put their weapons down and joined what type of efforts?
Answer: pro-democracy

Question: The non violent protesting led the soldiers to engage in what type of behavior?
Answer: refusal of soldiers to fire

Question: Opposing groups met to make and create what kind of democratic laws?
Answer: constitution

Question: What group was to approve the new democratic constitution?
Answer: a national referendum
Title: Mali

In January 2012 a Tuareg rebellion began in Northern Mali, led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. In March, military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état, citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the Economic Community of West African States. The MNLA quickly took control of the north, declaring independence as Azawad. However, Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), who had helped the MNLA defeat the government, turned on the Tuareg and took control of the North with the goal of implementing sharia in Mali.

Question: What rebellion began in January of 2012?
Answer: Tuareg rebellion

Question: In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali?
Answer: Amadou Sanogo

Question: What group led the rebellion in Northern Mali?
Answer: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad

Question: The embargo of the Economic Community of West African States imposed what type of punishment? 
Answer: sanctions

Question: What group declared independence as Asawad?
Answer: MNLA
Title: Mali

Mali lies in the torrid zone and is among the hottest countries in the world. The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country. Most of Mali receives negligible rainfall and droughts are very frequent. Late June to early December is the rainy season in the southernmost area. During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta. The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification (BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards. The central area has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification (BSh) with very high temperatures year-round, a long, intense dry season and a brief, irregular rainy season. The little southern band possesses a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification (Aw) very high temperatures year-round with a dry season and a rainy season.

Question: Mali is located in what Zone?
Answer: torrid

Question: What months are have a rainy season in the South?
Answer: June to early December

Question: Flooding of what river is typical during these months?
Answer: Niger River

Question: What is the name of the Delta that these floods cause?
Answer: Inner Niger

Question: What part of the country has the Köppen Climate Classification of (BWh)?
Answer: northern desert
Title: Mali

Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The system of government can be described as "semi-presidential". Executive power is vested in a president, who is elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage and is limited to two terms.

Question: What year was the constitution amended from the previous one of 1992?
Answer: 1999

Question: The newer constitution divide power among what branches of government?
Answer: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government

Question: How many years is one presidential term for?
Answer: five-year

Question: How many total terms can a president be elected for?
Answer: two terms

Question: Executive power is given to what person within the government?
Answer: president
Title: Mali

The president serves as a chief of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A prime minister appointed by the president serves as head of government and in turn appoints the Council of Ministers. The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms. Following the 2007 elections, the Alliance for Democracy and Progress held 113 of 160 seats in the assembly. The assembly holds two regular sessions each year, during which it debates and votes on legislation that has been submitted by a member or by the government.

Question: Who is given both titles of commander of armed forces and chief of state?
Answer: president

Question: What group is Mali's sole legislative party?
Answer: The unicameral National Assembly

Question: The Alliance of democracy and Progress has how many seats as of 2007?
Answer: 113

Question: How many legislative assemblies are  held each year?
Answer: two regular sessions

Question: Who is considered head of government and assigns the council of ministers?
Answer: prime minister
Title: Mali

Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter. Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.

Question: What is Mali's highest court?
Answer: Supreme Court

Question: What controls do the supreme court have?
Answer: both judicial and administrative powers

Question: Constitutional Court provides what type of review of legislative acts?
Answer: judicial review

Question: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?
Answer: election

Question: Local disputes in rural areas are usually handled by what individuals?
Answer: village chiefs and elders
Title: Mali

Mali underwent economic reform, beginning in 1988 by signing agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. During 1988 to 1996, Mali's government largely reformed public enterprises. Since the agreement, sixteen enterprises were privatized, 12 partially privatized, and 20 liquidated. In 2005, the Malian government conceded a railroad company to the Savage Corporation. Two major companies, Societé de Telecommunications du Mali (SOTELMA) and the Cotton Ginning Company (CMDT), were expected to be privatized in 2008.

Question: In what year did Mali start economic changes?
Answer: 1988

Question: Mali signed agreements with what to parties that began their economic changes?
Answer: World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

Question: In what years did Mali restructure public enterprises?
Answer: 1988 to 1996

Question: How many enterprises have been made completely private since the agreement?
Answer: sixteen enterprises

Question: How many companies were completely liquidated?
Answer: 20
Title: Mali

In 2007, about 48 percent of Malians were younger than 12 years old, 49 percent were 15–64 years old, and 3 percent were 65 and older. The median age was 15.9 years. The birth rate in 2014 is 45.53 births per 1,000, and the total fertility rate (in 2012) was 6.4 children per woman. The death rate in 2007 was 16.5 deaths per 1,000. Life expectancy at birth was 53.06 years total (51.43 for males and 54.73 for females). Mali has one of the world's highest rates of infant mortality, with 106 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2007.

Question: In 2007 what percent of people were 12 and under?
Answer: 48

Question: What was the total fertility rate per woman as of 2012?
Answer: 6.4 children

Question: In 2007 what was the death rate per 1000 people?
Answer: 16.5

Question: Mali has one of the highest rates of what type of mortality?
Answer: infant

Question: For both men and women average life expectancy is how many years?
Answer: 53.06
Title: Mali

In the far north, there is a division between Berber-descendent Tuareg nomad populations and the darker-skinned Bella or Tamasheq people, due the historical spread of slavery in the region. An estimated 800,000 people in Mali are descended from slaves. Slavery in Mali has persisted for centuries. The Arabic population kept slaves well into the 20th century, until slavery was suppressed by French authorities around the mid-20th century. There still persist certain hereditary servitude relationships, and according to some estimates, even today approximately 200,000 Malians are still enslaved.

Question: Roughly how many Malians are descendants of slaves?
Answer: 800,000

Question: What is the estimate of current Mali enslavement?
Answer: 200,000

Question: What group of people were known to keep Malian salves into the 20th century?
Answer: Arabic population

Question: The darker skinned Bella people are also refereed to as what name?
Answer: Tamasheq

Question: What region of the country is historical slavery well known?
Answer: far north
Title: Mali

Although Mali has enjoyed a reasonably good inter-ethnic relationships based on the long history of coexistence, some hereditary servitude and bondage relationship exist, as well as ethnic tension between settled Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs of the north. Due to a backlash against the northern population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about discrimination on the part of the other group. This conflict also plays a role in the continuing Northern Mali conflict where there is a tension between both Tuaregs and the Malian government, and the Tuaregs and radical Islamists who are trying to establish sharia law.

Question: Ethnic tension are between what two groups of people?
Answer: Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs

Question: Radical Islam and the Tuaregs are both considered problematic according to whom?
Answer: Malian government

Question: What group of people are trying to establish sharia law?
Answer: radical Islamists

Question: What type of hereditary relationships still exist today?
Answer: servitude and bondage

Question: Songhai and Tuaregs both complain about what same issue towards each other?
Answer: discrimination
Title: Mali

Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation. Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world. Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 53.06 years in 2012. In 2000, 62–65 percent of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69 percent to sanitation services of some kind. In 2001, the general government expenditures on health totalled about US$4 per capita at an average exchange rate.

Question: What four main health problems do the Malian people currently have?
Answer: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation

Question: How does Malian Health and development rank globally?
Answer: among the worst in the world

Question: As of 2012 50.3 years is considered the Malian peoples averages of what statistic?
Answer: Life expectancy

Question: In 2000 what percentage of the population had access to safe drinking water?
Answer: 62–65

Question: In 2000 roughly how much of the population had access to sanitation services?
Answer: 69
Title: Mali

Efforts have been made to improve nutrition, and reduce associated health problems, by encouraging women to make nutritious versions of local recipes. For example, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.

Question: What does ICRISTAT stand for?
Answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Question: What types of efforts to aid in health problems have been made?
Answer: improve nutrition

Question: The local communities have accepted equinut because it is similar to what native recipe?
Answer: recipe di-dèguè

Question: ICRISTAT had success in teaching women how to make what product of nutritional value?
Answer: equinut

Question: What ingredients are in both the traditional and nutritional version of this dish?
Answer: peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour
Title: Mali

Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization. An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 85–91 percent of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 and 2001 data).

Question: What are the two main prevalent infectious diseases of Mali?
Answer: cholera and tuberculosis

Question: what arthropod born disease has plagued the nation?
Answer: Malaria

Question: According to the data from 2001 to 2006 what percent of female genitalia are mutilated?
Answer: 85–91

Question: What Sexually transmitted disease afflicts roughly 1.9 percent of the population?
Answer: HIV/AIDS

Question: Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need?
Answer: immunization
Title: Mali

Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as "Keepers of Memories". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture. Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.

Question: What is the translation or meaning of a griot?
Answer: Keepers of Memories

Question: Aside from music what other activity plays a significant role in culture?
Answer: Dance

Question: What type of garment or accessory is traditionally worn at some of the dances held?
Answer: mask

Question: What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist?
Answer: Ali Farka Touré

Question: What is a well known Afro-pop artist?
Answer: Salif Keita
Title: Nonprofit_organization

A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on.

Question: What is the purpose of an NPO?
Answer: A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit.

Question: What does an NPO do with it's surplus income?
Answer: In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission

Question: What is the constraint's upon an NPO's financial distributions called?
Answer: the distribution constraint

Question: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?
Answer: purposes are other than making a profit

Question: What is an NPO also known as?
Answer: non-business entity

Question: What is the purpose of an NPO?
Answer: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view

Question: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?
Answer: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit

Question: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?
Answer: distribution constraint
Title: Nonprofit_organization

The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving organizations include mutual societies, cooperatives, trade unions, credit unions, industry associations, sports clubs, retired serviceman's clubs and peak bodies – organizations that benefit a particular group of people i.e. the members of the organization. Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the grassroots support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving both its members (by directly supporting them) and the broader community (through the provision of a helping service for fellow citizens).

Question: What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with?
Answer: charitable

Question: Who does an NPO usually serve?
Answer: member-serving or community-serving

Question: What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on?
Answer: providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally

Question: What are member serving NPOs really focused on?
Answer: by directly supporting them

Question: What are community serving NPOs focused on?
Answer: a helping service for fellow citizens
Title: Nonprofit_organization

Although NPOs are permitted to generate surplus revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors. Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation (occasionally nominal). In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.

Question: How does an NPO have to handle surplus money?
Answer: they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans

Question: Who makes most of the decisions for an NPO?
Answer: controlling members or a board of directors

Question: How do NPOs handle staffing?
Answer: Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation

Question: What are token fees used for?
Answer: to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization
Title: Nonprofit_organization

Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally. A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable tax status and are restricted in the public charities they support. Their mole is not to be successful in terms of wealth, but in terms of giving value to the groups of people they administer to.

Question: How are charity or service NPOs usually organized?
Answer: profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally

Question: What type of organization behaves much like a foundation?
Answer: a supporting organization

Question:  What is a major function of a foundation?
Answer: giving value to the groups of people they administer to
Title: Nonprofit_organization

The two major types of nonprofit organization are membership and board-only. A membership organization elects the board and has regular meetings and the power to amend the bylaws. A board-only organization typically has a self-selected board, and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the board. A board-only organization's bylaws may even state that the organization does not have any membership, although the organization's literature may refer to its donors or service recipients as "members"; examples of such organizations are Fairvote and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. The Model Nonprofit Corporation Act imposes many complexities and requirements on membership decision-making. Accordingly, many organizations, such as Wikimedia, have formed board-only structures. The National Association of Parliamentarians has generated concerns about the implications of this trend for the future of openness, accountability, and understanding of public concerns in nonprofit organizations. Specifically, they note that nonprofit organizations, unlike business corporations, are not subject to market discipline for products and shareholder discipline of their capital; therefore, without membership control of major decisions such as election of the board, there are few inherent safeguards against abuse. A rebuttal to this might be that as nonprofit organizations grow and seek larger donations, the degree of scrutiny increases, including expectations of audited financial statements. A further rebuttal might be that NPOs are constrained, by their choice of legal structure, from financial benefit as far as distribution of profit to its members/directors is concerned. Beware of board-only organizations- review the board members annual income before donating, such as the Clinton Foundation. Board members who decide what percentage of your donations will increase their personal wealth are rampant in abusing this designation of an NPO, and this is why they attempt to avoid audits and use a double bottom line for taxing.

Question: What are the two top types of NPOs?
Answer: membership and board-only

Question: How is a membership organization run?
Answer: elects the board and has regular meetings and the power to amend the bylaws

Question: How is a board only organization run?
Answer: self-selected board, and a membership whose powers are limited to those delegated to it by the board

Question: What is a further constraint of an NPO, depending on their legal structure?
Answer: financial benefit as far as distribution of profit to its members/directors is concerned

Question: What should one be aware of when dealing with a board run NPO?
Answer: Board members who decide what percentage of your donations will increase their personal wealth are rampant in abusing this designation