rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one million Cubans in the United States, most settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in the Northeastern United States; most are fluent in Spanish. In the city of Miami today Spanish is the first language mostly due to Cuban immigration.

Question: Why did Cubans come to the United States?
Answer: Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability

Question: What year did most Cubans start coming to America?
Answer: The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States

Question: Do Cubans speak Spanish in America?
Answer: most are fluent in Spanish

Question: Where do most Cuban Americans live?
Answer: , most settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in the Northeastern United States

Question: Is there a particular place where Cubans live and speak Spanish in the U.S.?
Answer: In the city of Miami today Spanish is the first language mostly due to Cuban immigration.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

Question: What other Spanish Speaking people come to America?
Answer: Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans

Question: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America?
Answer: political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s

Question: When did the Nicaraguans arrive?
Answer: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988

Question: Where did Nicaraguans settle in America?
Answer: The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

Question: Was there a specific reason many Nicaraguans fled to the U.S.?
Answer: the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans.

Question: Why did Salvadorans come to America?
Answer: The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems.

Question: When did Salvadorans come to America?
Answer: The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s

Question: How many Salvadorans immigrated?
Answer: 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States,

Question: What is the population of Salvadorans living in America?
Answer: United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group

Question: Where do Salvadorans fall on the scale for Hispanic living in America?
Answer: Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

Question: Why did Central Americans flee to the U.S.?
Answer: civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s

Question: When did Salvadorans flee 
Answer: Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990

Question: Are the Salvadorans a large population in the U.S.?
Answer: the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000.

Question: Is the  Salvadoran population still growing?
Answer: the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters

Question: How many  Salvadorans  are in America now?
Answer: By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States. Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela, only to later migrate to the United States along with their children and grandchildren who born and/or grew up in Venezuela speaking Spanish. From 1910 to 1930, it is estimated that over 4,000 South Americans each year emigrated to the United States; however, there are few specific figures indicating these statistics. Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation. They are frequently joined by relatives. However, since the early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary and due to the economic fluctuations in Venezuela which also promoted an important migration of Venezuelan professionals to the US.

Question: When did the Venezuelans emigrate to the united states?
Answer: Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States.

Question: Does Venezuela have immigrates from other countries?
Answer: Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela

Question: Why did Venezuelans come to America?
Answer: Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation.

Question:  Do Venezuelans still come to America for the same reasons as they did before?
Answer: since the early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?
Answer: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States

Question: What areas of America did the Venezuelans settle in?
Answer: mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida

Question: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in?
Answer: New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.

Question: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in?
Answer: Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Question: Is there such a thing as bilingual state?
Answer: Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents

Question: Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
Answer: there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Question: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?
Answer: English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.

Question: Is there an official language of the United States?
Answer: United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

Question: Has some states like Arizona embraced their Mexican history?
Answer: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico

Question: What is the states history?
Answer: The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory.

Question: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives.
Answer: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s

Question: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?
Answer: the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

Question: Does New Mexico have an official language?
Answer: the state has no official language.

Question: What language is New Mexico's language written in?
Answer: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.

Question: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?
Answer: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century

Question: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language?
Answer: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Question: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society?
Answer: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence

Question: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect 
Answer: , New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish

Question: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ?
Answer: has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.

Question: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect?
Answer: New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos)

Question: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish?
Answer: borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.

Question: What is Texas official language?
Answer: In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language

Question: Are there exceptions to Texas official language?
Answer: , the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas.

Question: How does Texas handle people who don't speak English, but live in Mexico?
Answer: . The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish

Question: How does this mandate help Spanish speaking residents?
Answer: websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
Answer: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language

Question: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
Answer: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses

Question: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
Answer: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled

Question: What other languages are popular among American students?
Answer: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)

Question: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
Answer: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Question: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?
Answer: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish

Question: Was this always the case in American political addresses?
Answer: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov.

Question: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
Answer: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies

Question: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?
Answer: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television

Question: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
Answer: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?
Answer: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project

Question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about?
Answer: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants

Question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
Answer: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),

Question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
Answer: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?
Answer: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Question: What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
Answer: Charleston

Question: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
Answer: Charleston County

Question: Charleston is located on what harbor?
Answer: Charleston Harbor

Question: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
Answer: Ashley Rivers

Question: What county is Charleston located in?
Answer: Charleston County

Question: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
Answer: Cooper Rivers
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

Question: What year was Charleston founded?
Answer: 1670

Question: What was Charleston's original name?
Answer: Charles Town

Question: Charles Town was named after which king?
Answer: King Charles II of England

Question: Where was the city originally located?
Answer: Albemarle Point

Question: What was Charleston's population in 2010?
Answer: 120,083

Question: What year was Charleston originally founded?
Answer: 1670

Question: Who was Charles Town named after?
Answer: King Charles II of England

Question: What was the originally name of Charleston?
Answer: Charles Town

Question: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
Answer: 120,083

Question: Where was Charleston's first location?
Answer: Albemarle Point