rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Detroit

On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segregation in public schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices and educational segregation, which followed segregated neighborhoods. The District Court held all levels of government accountable for the segregation in its ruling. The Sixth Circuit Court affirmed some of the decision, holding that it was the state's responsibility to integrate across the segregated metropolitan area. The U.S. Supreme Court took up the case February 27, 1974. The subsequent Milliken v. Bradley decision had wide national influence. In a narrow decision, the Court found that schools were a subject of local control and that suburbs could not be forced to solve problems in the city's school district.

Question: Who was Governor of Michigan in 1970?
Answer: William Milliken

Question: What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?
Answer: Milliken v. Bradley

Question: In which year did the Supreme Court hear Milliken v. Bradley?
Answer: 1974
Title: Detroit

"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wayne State University in Detroit, says, "Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then."

Question: What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?
Answer: Milliken

Question: What school does John Mogk teach at?
Answer: Wayne State University

Question: At which school did Myron Orfield teach?
Answer: University of Minnesota
Title: Detroit

In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.

Question: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?
Answer: Coleman Young

Question: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?
Answer: Detroit People Mover

Question: How much did the federal government offer for a rapid transit system?
Answer: $600 million

Question: Who did Detroit argue with when trying to plane a regional transit system?
Answer: suburban neighbors
Title: Detroit

The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 also affected Detroit and the U.S. auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid off thousands of employees and closed plants in the city, further eroding the tax base. To counteract this, the city used eminent domain to build two large new auto assembly plants in the city.

Question: What hurt the Auto industry?
Answer: gasoline crises

Question: What did Detroit use to build it's tax base?
Answer: eminent domain

Question: What was one of the effects of having employers cut jobs and closing plants in Detroit?
Answer: eroding the tax base
Title: Detroit

As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.

Question: What group of buildings opened in 1977?
Answer: The Renaissance Center

Question: What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?
Answer: high crime rate

Question: What area did downtown Detroit continue to lose businesses to?
Answer: suburbs
Title: Detroit

Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Question: In which year did Detroit's population peak?
Answer: 1950

Question: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?
Answer: 1.8 million

Question: By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?
Answer: 40

Question: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?
Answer: 700,000
Title: Detroit

Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.

Question: In which year was Campus Martius open?
Answer: 2004

Question: What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?
Answer: riverfront

Question: In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?
Answer: 2001

Question: What opened in 2011?
Answer: Port Authority Passenger Terminal

Question: Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?
Answer: Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center
Title: Detroit

Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

Question: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?
Answer: $9 billion

Question: Which hotel is set to be renovated?
Answer: Strathmore

Question: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?
Answer: $5.2 billion

Question: How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?
Answer: 13
Title: Detroit

Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; removing street lighting from large portions of the city; and encouraging the small population in certain areas to move to more populated locations. While some have estimated 20,000 stray dogs roam the city, studies have shown the true number to be around 1,000-3,000. Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit; the rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.

Question: How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?
Answer: 1,000-3,000

Question: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?
Answer: $246 million

Question: What is the term for when a city falls into disrepair? 
Answer: urban decay
Title: Detroit

The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).

Question: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?
Answer: Detroit Moraine

Question: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?
Answer: 675 to 680 feet

Question: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?
Answer: Detroit River

Question: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of?
Answer: clay
Title: Detroit

Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

Question: What company mines salt in Detroit?
Answer: Detroit Salt Company

Question: How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?
Answer: 1,500

Question: How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?
Answer: four

Question: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?
Answer: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

Question: What it the Ferry to Canada called?
Answer: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry
Title: Detroit

Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is influenced by the Great Lakes; the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b, with farther-out northern and western suburbs generally falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 44 days annually, while dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on an average 4.4 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days. The warm season runs from May to September. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 25.6 °F (−3.6 °C) in January to 73.6 °F (23.1 °C) in July. Official temperature extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1934 down to −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 21, 1984; the record low maximum is −4 °F (−20 °C) on January 19, 1994, while, conversely the record high minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on August 1, 2006, the most recent of five occurrences. A decade or two may pass between readings of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher, which last occurred July 17, 2012. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 thru April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.

Question: What body of water affects Detroit's climate?
Answer: Great Lakes

Question: How many days a year does the temperature in Detroit drop below 0?
Answer: 4.4

Question: When is the warm season in Detroit?
Answer: May to September
Title: Detroit

Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011. Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 15 through April 4 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May), averages 42.5 inches (108 cm) per season, although historically ranging from 11.5 in (29 cm) in 1881−82 to 94.9 in (241 cm) in 2013−14. A thick snowpack is not often seen, with an average of only 27.5 days with 3 in (7.6 cm) or more of snow cover. Thunderstorms are frequent in the Detroit area. These usually occur during spring and summer.

Question: What is the average rainfall for summer months?
Answer: 33.5 inches

Question: How many inches of snow does Detroit get on average?
Answer: 42.5

Question: When do thunderstorms usually occur in Detroit?
Answer: spring and summer

Question: How many days a year does Detroit get a thick snow pack?
Answer: 27.5
Title: Detroit

Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.

Question: What architectural style does One Detroit Center boast?
Answer: post modern Neo-Gothic spires

Question: What style does the Guardian building use?
Answer: Art Deco

Question: What is a famous theater in Detroit?
Answer: Fox Theatre

Question: What is a famous opera house in Detroit?
Answer: Detroit Opera House

Question: What university is near the New Center?
Answer: Wayne State University
Title: Detroit

While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

Question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?
Answer: Downtown and New Center

Question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?
Answer: Palmer Park

Question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?
Answer: historic
Title: Detroit

The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.

Question: What is the large island park in Detroit?
Answer: Belle Isle Park

Question: What is Michigan's first urban park?
Answer: Tri-Centennial State Park

Question: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?
Answer: two-mile

Question: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?
Answer: five miles
Title: Detroit

Lafayette Park is a revitalized neighborhood on the city's east side, part of the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district. The 78-acre (32 ha) development was originally called the Gratiot Park. Planned by Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park with no through traffic, in which these and other low-rise apartment buildings are situated. Immigrants have contributed to the city's neighborhood revitalization, especially in southwest Detroit. Southwest Detroit has experienced a thriving economy in recent years, as evidenced by new housing, increased business openings and the recently opened Mexicantown International Welcome Center.

Question: How large is Lafayette Park?
Answer: 78-acre

Question: In which part of Detroit is Mexicantown International Welcome Center?
Answer: Southwest Detroit

Question: What district is Lafayette Park a part of?
Answer: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district

Question: Who planned Lafayette Park?
Answer: Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell
Title: Detroit

The city has numerous neighborhoods consisting of vacant properties resulting in low inhabited density in those areas, stretching city services and infrastructure. These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes. A 2009 parcel survey found about a quarter of residential lots in the city to be undeveloped or vacant, and about 10% of the city's housing to be unoccupied. The survey also reported that most (86%) of the city's homes are in good condition with a minority (9%) in fair condition needing only minor repairs.

Question: How many of Detroit's residential lots are are underdeveloped?
Answer: a quarter

Question: How many of Detroit's housing is unoccupied?
Answer: 10%

Question: How many home in Detroit need minor repairs?
Answer: 9%

Question: How many of Detroit's home are in good condition?
Answer: 86%

Question: Where are most of the low density area of Detroit located?
Answer: northeast and on the city's fringes
Title: Detroit

Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North End, and Osborn. Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts. Additionally, the city has cleared a 1,200-acre (490 ha) section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan. In 2011, Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.

Question: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?
Answer: $300-million

Question: Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?
Answer: Mayor Bing

Question: What is the plan called that seeks to clear land for neighborhood construction?
Answer: Far Eastside Plan

Question: How many acres of land does the Far Eastside Plan seek to clear?
Answer: 1,200

Question: How was the 2008 stimulus plan payed for?
Answer: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax
Title: Detroit

The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."

Question: What was the median household income in 2009?
Answer: $26,098

Question: What was the median household income in 2000?
Answer: $29,526

Question: How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?
Answer: one

Question: Who said that Detroit is one of the poorest big cities in the country?
Answer: Luke Bergmann
Title: Detroit

Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within the top 12, slipping from the 4th-most affluent such county in the U.S. in 2004 to 11th-most affluent in 2009. Detroit dominates Wayne County, which has an average household income of about $38,000, compared to Oakland County's $62,000.

Question: What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?
Answer: 11th

Question: What city dominates Wayne County?
Answer: Detroit

Question: What is Oakland Counties average income?
Answer: $62,000

Question: What is Wayne Counties average income?
Answer: $38,000
Title: Detroit

The city's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, fed largely by an influx of European, Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Assyrian/Chaldean), and Southern migrants to work in the burgeoning automobile industry. In 1940, Whites were 90.4% of the city's population. Since 1950 the city has seen a major shift in its population to the suburbs. In 1910, fewer than 6,000 blacks called the city home; in 1930 more than 120,000 blacks lived in Detroit. The thousands of African Americans who came to Detroit were part of the Great Migration of the 20th century.

Question: What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?
Answer: 90.4

Question: Where did the population of Detroit shift to in the second half of the 20th century?
Answer: suburbs

Question: How many blacks lived in Detroit in 1930?
Answer: 120,000

Question: What was the movement of blacks to northern cities called?
Answer: Great Migration

Question: What industry is responsible for a large growth in Detroit's population?
Answer: automobile
Title: Detroit

Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrimination (e.g., redlining). White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and exploding bombs. The pattern of segregation was later magnified by white migration to the suburbs. One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.

Question: Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?
Answer: Jim Crow

Question: What is an example of economic discrimination?
Answer: redlining

Question: What exacerbated segregation in Detroit?
Answer: white migration to the suburbs

Question: What generally declines in places that are segregated by race or class?
Answer: health