rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Portugal

Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia.

Question: What type of climate does Portugal have?
Answer: Mediterranean

Question: In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature?
Answer: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)

Question: In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate?
Answer: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)

Question: How high do the mountains between Algarve and the Alentejo region reach?
Answer: 900 metres (3,000 ft)
Title: Portugal

Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography). The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) along the coast (according to the Portuguese Meteorological Institute). Some islands in Azores do have drier months in the summer. Consequently, the island of the Azores have been identified as having a Mediterranean climate (both Csa and Csb types), while some islands (such as Flores or Corvo) are classified as Maritime Temperate (Cfb) and Humid subtropical (Cfa), respectively, according to Köppen-Geiger classification.

Question: What type of climate do the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have?
Answer: subtropical

Question: What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region?
Answer: rough topography

Question: What type of climate does the island of the Azores have?
Answer: Mediterranean
Title: Portugal

Despite the fact that humans have occupied the territory of Portugal for thousands of years, something still remains of the original vegetation. In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtropical laurissilva forest, dating back to the Tertiary period, covers its largest continuous area in the world in the Madeira main island. Due to the human population decrease and rural exodus, Pyrenean oak and other local native trees are colonizing many abandoned areas. Boar, Iberian red deer, roe deer, Iberian wild goat, for example, are reported to be expanding greatly, during the last decades. Boars were found recently roaming at night inside large urban areas, like in Setubal. Protected areas of Portugal include one national park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional), 12 natural parks (Portuguese: Parque Natural), nine natural reserves (Portuguese: Reserva Natural), five natural monuments (Portuguese: Monumento Natural), and seven protected landscapes (Portuguese: Paisagem Protegida), which include the Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês, the Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela and the Paul d'Arzila.

Question: What two types of forests can be found in Geres?
Answer: deciduous and coniferous

Question: To what period does the laurissilva forest date back to?
Answer: the Tertiary period

Question: What type of oak tree is colonizing many abandoned areas in Portugal?
Answer: Pyrenean

Question: What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal?
Answer: Boars

Question: How many national parks does Portugal have?
Answer: 12
Title: Portugal

Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic Laurisilva forests (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve). There are several species of diverse mammalian fauna, including the fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear[citation needed] (spotted near Rio Minho, close to Peneda-Gerês) and many others. Portugal is an important stopover for migratory birds, in places such as Cape St. Vincent or the Monchique mountains, where thousands of birds cross from Europe to Africa during the autumn or in the spring (return migration).

Question: What is Laurisilva?
Answer: a unique type of subtropical rainforest

Question: What are some examples of  mammalian fauna found in Laurisilva forests?
Answer: fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear

Question: What type of animal crosses between Europe and Africa during the Autumn?
Answer: migratory birds
Title: Portugal

There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss, pollution and drought. Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different colour spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches.

Question: How many freshwater fish species can be found in Portugal?
Answer: more than 100

Question: In Portugal, where can you find the giant European catfish?
Answer: in the Tagus International Natural Park

Question: Why are some species becoming endangered in Portugal?
Answer: because of habitat loss, pollution and drought

Question: What type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in Portugal?
Answer: plankton
Title: Portugal

The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes Ministers and Secretaries of State. The Courts are organized into several levels, among the judicial, administrative and fiscal branches. The Supreme Courts are institutions of last resort/appeal. A thirteen-member Constitutional Court oversees the constitutionality of the laws.

Question: For how many years is the Portugal president elected?
Answer: five

Question: Who is the current president of Portugal?
Answer: Aníbal Cavaco Silva

Question: How many deputies make up the Assembly of the Republic?
Answer: 230

Question: For how long of a term are deputies elected?
Answer: four-year

Question: How many members sit on the Constitutional Court?
Answer: thirteen
Title: Portugal

Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party, in addition to the Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party, which garner between 5 and 15% of the vote regularly.

Question: What two political parties dominate Portugal's government?
Answer: Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party

Question: At what three levels does the Portugal government operate?
Answer: national-, regional- and local-levels

Question: What other political groups exist other than the two dominant ones?
Answer: Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party

Question: What percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get?
Answer: 5 and 15%
Title: Portugal

The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed] Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the Government (where the President takes into account the results of legislative elections); dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly of the Republic (to call early elections); vetoing legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly with a supermajority); and declaring a state of war or siege. The President is also the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

Question: Who is the Head of State of Portugal?
Answer: President of the Republic

Question: For how many years does each term of the President of the Republic last?
Answer: five

Question: By what means is the President of the Republic elected?
Answer: by direct, universal suffrage

Question: Who has the power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister?
Answer: President of the Republic
Title: Portugal

The Council of Ministers – under the presidency of the Prime Minister (or the President of Portugal at the latter's request) and the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers) – acts as the cabinet. Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate. The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies confirms the cabinet in office.

Question: What group acts as the presidential cabinet?
Answer: The Council of Ministers

Question: What process is required of each government's policies?
Answer: define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate

Question: What is needed to reject a cabinet's policy?
Answer: an absolute majority of deputies
Title: Portugal

Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.

Question: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?
Answer: former colonies and territories

Question: What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?
Answer: a civilian police force who work in urban areas

Question: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?
Answer: a highly specialized criminal investigation police

Question: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?
Answer: the Public Ministry.
Title: Portugal

Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.

Question: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?
Answer: 2001

Question: How much of a drug is legal to possess?
Answer: 10 days worth of personal use

Question: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?
Answer: go to a rehab facility

Question: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?
Answer: 50 percent
Title: Portugal

Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). For statistical purposes the Portuguese government also identifies NUTS, inter-municipal communities and informally, the district system, used until European integration (and being phased-out by the national government).[original research?] Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as autonomous regions; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) and the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira).

Question: How many municipalities is Portugal divided into?
Answer: 308

Question: How many civil parishes are the Portuguese municipalities divided into?
Answer: 3,092

Question: How many districts is the continental Portugal divided into?
Answer: 18
Title: Portugal

The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

Question: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?
Answer: three

Question: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?
Answer: Navy, Army and Air Force

Question: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?
Answer: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security

Question: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?
Answer: 7,500

Question: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?
Answer: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP
Title: Portugal

The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft.

Question: What is the number of personnel in the army?
Answer: 21,000

Question: With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with?
Answer: Pandur II APC

Question: What is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with?
Answer: Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC

Question: What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of?
Answer: paratroopers, commandos and rangers

Question: How many personnel does the Navy have?
Answer: 10,700
Title: Portugal

In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon. Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.

Question: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?
Answer: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War

Question: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?
Answer: 1961–1974

Question: In what countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions?
Answer: East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon

Question: What are two examples of independent Portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad?
Answer: Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998
Title: Portugal

After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts. The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions. In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.

Question: Who headed the government after the bailout was announced?
Answer: Pedro Passos Coelho

Question: What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?
Answer: improve the State's financial situation

Question: How was the Portuguese bailout implemented?
Answer: tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts

Question: Between 2010 and 2012, by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut?
Answer: 20%
Title: Portugal

A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

Question: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
Answer: 1974

Question: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
Answer: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

Question: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
Answer: Diário de Notícias
Title: Portugal

After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

Question: In what two years was there a financial crisis?
Answer: 2007–08

Question: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?
Answer: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)

Question: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?
Answer: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud

Question: Why was the case of BPN more serious?
Answer: its size, market share, and the political implications

Question: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested?
Answer: fraud
Title: Portugal

The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.

Question: What currency does Portugal use?
Answer: the euro (€)

Question: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal?
Answer: Portuguese Escudo

Question: What is the name of Portugal's central bank?
Answer: Banco de Portugal

Question: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated?
Answer: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas

Question: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination?
Answer: Golf
Title: Portugal

Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

Question: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
Answer: 1974

Question: What period followed the Carnation Revolution?
Answer: PREC period

Question: Since the 90's, how has Portugal's economic development model been changing?
Answer: changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector

Question: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal?
Answer: textiles, clothing, footwear and cork

Question: What is Portugal the world's leading producer of?
Answer: cork