rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.

Question: When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?
Answer: November 7, 1917

Question: Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?
Answer: the Russian Provisional Government

Question: Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?
Answer: the October Revolution

Question: How long was the state of the Soviet regime unrecognized by other countries?
Answer: five months

Question: What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?
Answer: the Russian Republic

Question: When did the Soviet government assume power?
Answer: November 7, 1917

Question: What event led to the assumption of power by the Soviet government?
Answer: the October Revolution

Question: What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?
Answer: the Russian Provisional Government

Question: In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?
Answer: five
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

Question: Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?
Answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

Question: To which country did Russia give land during World War I?
Answer: Germany

Question: Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?
Answer: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question: What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?
Answer: the Russian Civil War

Question: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?
Answer: third

Question: On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?
Answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

Question: What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Answer: peace in World War I

Question: On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
Answer: July 10, 1918

Question: During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?
Answer: the Russian Civil War
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.

Question: Which oblast was broken up in 1943?
Answer: Karachay Autonomous Oblast

Question: Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast?
Answer: the Georgian SSR

Question: Who broke up the Karachays' oblast?
Answer: Joseph Stalin

Question: Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast?
Answer: Joseph Stalin

Question: When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?
Answer: 1943

Question: To where were the Karachays exiled?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: Why were the Karachays exiled?
Answer: alleged collaboration with the Germans

Question: What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to?
Answer: Georgian SSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.

Question: On what date was the RSFSR established?
Answer: November 7, 1917

Question: What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?
Answer: October Revolution

Question: In what year was the Constitution adopted?
Answer: 1918

Question: The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?
Answer: 1922
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990.

Question: How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?
Answer: two-thirds

Question: What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?
Answer: the United States and Saudi Arabia

Question: How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?
Answer: 23,941,000

Question: How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?
Answer: 475

Question: In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?
Answer: 47
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.

Question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?
Answer: June 12, 1990

Question: Who became president on June 12, 1991?
Answer: Boris Yeltsin

Question: On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?
Answer: December 8, 1991

Question: When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?
Answer: December 12

Question: What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?
Answer: 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.

Question: What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?
Answer: Russian Federation

Question: On what date was the USSR dissolved?
Answer: December 26, 1991

Question: What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR?
Answer: Soviet of Nationalities

Question: What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991?
Answer: Soviet of the Union

Question: What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed?
Answer: UN membership
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

Question: On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?
Answer: January 25, 1918

Question: What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?
Answer: All-Russian Congress of Soviets

Question: When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?
Answer: March 3, 1918

Question: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state?
Answer: Germany

Question: What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
Answer: Russian Constitution of 1918
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.

Question: What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?
Answer: Treaty of Tartu

Question: Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?
Answer: Irish Republic
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed.

Question: What was the common name of the Soviet Union?
Answer: Russia

Question: Technically, what type of state was Russia?
Answer: republic

Question: What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?
Answer: Russia
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.

Question: What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains?
Answer: 70%

Question: In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?
Answer: the east

Question: Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR?
Answer: natural gas
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.

Question: On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed?
Answer: December 30, 1922

Question: What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?
Answer: First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR

Question: Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union?
Answer: Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic

Question: On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted?
Answer: January 31, 1924

Question: What body adopted the 1924 Soviet Constitution?
Answer: the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.

Question: During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?
Answer: 1932–1933

Question: What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?
Answer: the 1936 Soviet Constitution

Question: What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?
Answer: the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics

Question: What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic become a part of?
Answer: the Uzbek SSR

Question: What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?
Answer: reduced
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Question: What was Soviet Russia called as of 1937?
Answer: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Question: What document changed the name of Russia in 1937?
Answer: the Russian Constitution of 1937
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.

Question: What state was dissolved on March 3, 1944?
Answer: the Chechen-Ingush ASSR

Question: Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?
Answer: Stalin

Question: Why were the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR deported?
Answer: accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism

Question: Along with the RSFSR, what republic received territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?
Answer: Georgian SSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Question: What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it joined the RSFSR?
Answer: Tuvan Autonomous Oblast

Question: On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic join the Russian SFSR?
Answer: October 11, 1944

Question: What did the former Tuvan People's Republic become in 1961?
Answer: an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945.

Question: Along with Estonia, what country was taken over by the Russian SFSR in 1944?
Answer: Latvia

Question: What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944?
Answer: Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts

Question: Near what town did the RSFSR annex territory in 1944?
Answer: Ivangorod
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.

Question: Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?
Answer: Kuril Islands

Question: What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?
Answer: the RSFSR

Question: The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?
Answer: the southernmost Kurils
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR.

Question: On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast annexed?
Answer: April 17, 1946

Question: What province of Germany did Kaliningrad Oblast form a part of?
Answer: East Prussia

Question: What administrative division did Kaliningrad Oblast become a part of?
Answer: the Russian SFSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.

Question: Who was demoted on February 8, 1955?
Answer: Malenkov

Question: To what position was Malenkov demoted?
Answer: deputy Prime Minister

Question: What position was held by Nikita Khrushchev?
Answer: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party

Question: Who benefited from the demotion of Malenkov?
Answer: Nikita Khrushchev
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.

Question: When was the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?
Answer: January 9, 1957

Question: What territory was transferred along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?
Answer: Karachay Autonomous Oblast

Question: Who transferred the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957?
Answer: Khrushchev

Question: To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred in 1957?
Answer: the Russian SFSR

Question: What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously been a part of?
Answer: the Georgian SSR
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

Question: Who lost power in 1964?
Answer: Nikita Khrushchev

Question: Who assumed a position of power in 1964?
Answer: Leonid Brezhnev

Question: When did Leonid Brezhnev die?
Answer: 1982

Question: Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?
Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Question: How did Mikhail Gorbachev end the era of stagnation?
Answer: introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.

Question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted?
Answer: June 12, 1990

Question: What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?
Answer: the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic

Question: What was the name of the period inaugurated by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?
Answer: the "War of Laws"

Question: What government was the Russian Federation fighting against during this period?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created?
Answer: March 17, 1991

Question: Who was the first President of the RSFSR?
Answer: Boris Yeltsin

Question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991?
Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Question: On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur?
Answer: June 12

Question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow?
Answer: August 19–21, 1991
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.

Question: On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended?
Answer: August 23

Question: Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?
Answer: Yeltsin

Question: On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?
Answer: November 6

Question: Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree?
Answer: Gorbachev
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed to the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against, 7 abstentions. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The legality of this act is the subject of discussions because, according to the 1978 Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR, the Russian Supreme Soviet had no right to do so. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. Although the December 12 vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it was not possible to secede from an entity that no longer existed.

Question: In what country is Viskuli located?
Answer: Belarus

Question: On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed?
Answer: December 8, 1991

Question: What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States?
Answer: Belavezha Accords

Question: What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12?
Answer: the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

Question: The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles?
Answer: fourteen