rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Hunting

Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called "drives". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831.

Question: What does shooting in Britain require little questing for?
Answer: game

Question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?
Answer: thirty-five million

Question: What kind of affairs can shoots be?
Answer: elaborate

Question: Who uses swinging sticks or flags to drive game out?
Answer: "beaters"

Question: What is the Glorious Twelfth in the UK?
Answer: open season for grouse

Question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year?
Answer: thirty-five million

Question: Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?
Answer: beaters

Question: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?
Answer: 12 August

Question: What is the UK definition of game is governed by?
Answer: Game Act 1831

Question: Why are assistants used?
Answer: help load shotguns
Title: Hunting

Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.

Question: What law primarily regulates hunting?
Answer: state

Question: What additional type of law applies in the case of migratory birds and endangered species?
Answer: environmental

Question: What varies widely from state to state?
Answer: Regulations

Question: What do some states make a distinction between?
Answer: protected species and unprotected species

Question: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?
Answer: a hunting license

Question: How is hunting regulated?
Answer: by state law

Question: Migratory birds and endangered species are protected by what law?
Answer: United States environmental law

Question: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?
Answer: Hunters of protected species

Question: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?
Answer: hunting safety course
Title: Hunting

Hunting big game typically requires a "tag" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.

Question: What is required when hunting big game?
Answer: a "tag" for each animal harvested

Question: Tags are purchased in addition to what?
Answer: the hunting license

Question: What is typically limited to an individual?
Answer: number of tags issued

Question: A wildlife management unit is a place where what may be restricted to?
Answer: Tags

Question: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?
Answer: duck

Question: When hunting big game what is typically required?
Answer: tag

Question: What must be purchased with hunting license is comes in a limited number?
Answer: Tags

Question: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?
Answer: by lottery

Question: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?
Answer: duck stamp

Question: Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?
Answer: Fish and Wildlife Service
Title: Hunting

Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief. Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns. Specific seasons for bow hunting or muzzle-loading black-powder guns are often established to limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons.

Question: How is gun usage typically regulated?
Answer: game category, area within the state, and time period

Question: What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms?
Answer: Regulations for big-game hunting

Question: Why is the use of rifles often banned?
Answer: safety reasons

Question: Why may regulations ban the use of lead in ammunition?
Answer: environmental concerns

Question: Why are specific seasons for bow hunting established?
Answer: limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons

Question: Why are the use of rifles banned?
Answer: safety reasons

Question: How is gun useage regulated?
Answer: by game category

Question: What is specified in big-game hunting?
Answer: minimum caliber
Title: Hunting

Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the eastern seaboard hunted at a rate of five percent, slightly below the national average, and while hunting was more common in other parts of the South at nine percent, these rates did not surpass those of the Plains states, where twelve percent of Midwesterners hunted. Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average. Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.

Question: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?
Answer: any particular class or culture

Question: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?
Answer: seventy-eight percent

Question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
Answer: just six percent

Question: What percentage of Midwesterners hunted?
Answer: twelve percent

Question: How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?
Answer: ten percent

Question: What percentage of Americans support legal hunting?
Answer: seventy-eight percent

Question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
Answer: six percent

Question: South Easterners hunted at what rate?
Answer: five percent

Question: Midwesterners hunted at what rate?
Answer: twelve percent

Question: What years did hunting decline?
Answer: 1996–2006
Title: Hunting

Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.

Question: When do hunting regulations date from in the US?
Answer: 19th century

Question: What do some modern hunters see themselves as?
Answer: conservationists and sportsmen

Question: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?
Answer: Local hunting clubs and national organizations

Question: Ducks Unlimited and the Delta Waterfowl are examples of groups representing what?
Answer: a specific hunting interest

Question: What do many hunting groups participate in doing at the federal and state level?
Answer: lobbying

Question: What do modern hunters see themselves as?
Answer: conservationists and sportsmen

Question: Who provides hunter education?
Answer: Local hunting clubs

Question: What do hunting groups also participate in?
Answer: lobbying the federal government and state government

Question: What century is U.S. regulations dates from?
Answer: 19th
Title: Hunting

Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

Question: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?
Answer: $200 million

Question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?
Answer: over $700 million

Question: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?
Answer: 5,200,000 acres

Question: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?
Answer: management of game animals

Question: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?
Answer: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting

Question: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?
Answer: state agencies

Question: What do the taxes support?
Answer: wildlife management programs

Question: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?
Answer: $700 million

Question: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?
Answer: 5,200,000 acres

Question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?
Answer: hunting
Title: Hunting

Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

Question: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?
Answer: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests

Question: What does varmint hunting achieve? 
Answer: selective control of pests

Question: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
Answer: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.

Question: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
Answer: Louisiana

Question: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
Answer: initiated a bounty program

Question: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
Answer: Varmint hunting

Question: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
Answer: wolves

Question: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
Answer: nutria

Question: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
Answer: bounty program
Title: Hunting

When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."

Question: When was internet hunting introduced?
Answer: 2005

Question: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?
Answer: using remotely controlled guns

Question: Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?
Answer: hunters

Question: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?
Answer: principles of fair chase

Question: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?
Answer: an important element of hunting tradition

Question: What allows people to hunt over the internet?
Answer: Internet hunting

Question: When was this type of hunting introduced?
Answer: 2005

Question: How is this type of hunting done?
Answer: hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns

Question: What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?
Answer: fair chase

Question: Who spoke on this violation?
Answer: National Rifle Association (NRA)
Title: Hunting

Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.

Question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
Answer: managing populations

Question: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?
Answer: combination habitat and food availability,

Question: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?
Answer: same end

Question: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?
Answer: managing populations

Question: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?
Answer: threaten the well-being of other species

Question: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?
Answer: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established

Question: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
Answer: mortality

Question: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?
Answer: (re)introducing predators

Question: What is an important tool in managing populations?
Answer: Hunting

Question: What is carrying capacity determined by?
Answer: combination habitat and food availability

Question: What can it increase the population of?
Answer: predators
Title: Hunting

In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed]

Question: What did sport hunters in the 19th century purse game for?
Answer: trophy

Question: What was the head of an animal displayed as?
Answer: sign of prowess

Question: What happened to the rest of the animal?
Answer: s typically discarded

Question: What did some churches disapprove of?
Answer: such waste

Question: What countries frowned upon this hunting?
Answer: Nordic

Question: What was the only goal for many European sport hunters in the 19th century?
Answer: a trophy

Question: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?
Answer: the head or pelt of an animal

Question: In what countries was the hunting for trophies frowned upon, back in the day and in modern times?
Answer: Nordic

Question: What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? 
Answer: food supplies

Question: What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?
Answer: Africa, India and other places

Question: What century was game hunted as a trophy?
Answer: 19th

Question: What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?
Answer: Nordic

Question: What did North America primarily hunt for?
Answer: food supplies

Question: What sport of hunting is in Africa?
Answer: safari method
Title: Hunting

A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."

Question: What Continent did the biological Conservation state trophy hunting is of major importance to the conservation of?
Answer: Africa

Question: What does hunting create economic incentives for?
Answer: conservation

Question: What did another study show that less than 3% of reached the local level?
Answer: expenditures

Question: What type of studies does the Biological Conservation journal publish?
Answer: scientific

Question: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?
Answer: creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas

Question: Trophy hunting can include areas which would likely be unsuitable for what other types of ecotourism?
Answer: photographic

Question: How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?
Answer: less than 3%

Question: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?
Answer: minimal

Question: What is of major importance in Africa?
Answer: trophy hunting

Question: What does trophy hunting create in Africa?
Answer: economic incentives for conservation

Question: How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?
Answer: less than 3%
Title: Hunting

A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]

Question: What do a variety of industries benefit from?
Answer: hunting

Question: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?
Answer: Tanzania

Question: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
Answer: tented camps

Question: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities? 
Answer: anti-poaching

Question: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?
Answer: hunting

Question: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?
Answer: Tanzania

Question: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?
Answer: luxury

Question: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?
Answer: in tented camps

Question: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
Answer: remote areas

Question: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?
Answer: fifty to one hundred times

Question: What does the photo tourist seek?
Answer: luxury accommodation

Question: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?
Answer: tented camps

Question: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
Answer: Safari hunters
Title: Hunting

Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.

Question: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
Answer: the United States

Question: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
Answer: equipment or speciality tourism

Question: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?
Answer: assist hunters

Question: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?
Answer: economic, social, and cultural

Question: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
Answer: over $20.5 billion

Question: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
Answer: significant financial impact

Question: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
Answer: different technologies

Question: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
Answer: iPhone applications

Question: How much did hunters spend in 2001?
Answer: over $20.5 billion

Question: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
Answer: preservation of wildlife habitat