rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: IBM

In 1937, IBM's tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process unprecedented amounts of data, its clients including the U.S. Government, during its first effort to maintain the employment records for 26 million people pursuant to the Social Security Act, and the Third Reich, largely through the German subsidiary Dehomag. During the Second World War the company produced small arms for the American war effort (M1 Carbine, and Browning Automatic Rifle). IBM provided translation services for the Nuremberg Trials. In 1947, IBM opened its first office in Bahrain, as well as an office in Saudi Arabia to service the needs of the Arabian-American Oil Company that would grow to become Saudi Business Machines (SBM).

Question: What what was the name of the subsidiary working in Germany during World War 2?
Answer: Dehomag

Question: Records for how many people were maintained by IBM in 1937?
Answer: 26 million

Question: What service did IBM provide for the Nuremberg Trials?
Answer: translation services

Question: What year did IBM open its first office in Bahrain?
Answer: 1947

Question: What was the eventual name of the company that IBM operated in Saudi Arabia?
Answer: Saudi Business Machines
Title: IBM

In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

Question: Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?
Answer: 1952

Question: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?
Answer: artificial intelligence

Question: What computer did Arthur L. Samuel program to play checkers in 1957?
Answer: an IBM 704

Question: In 1957 the FORTRAN language was created, what is FORTRAN short for?
Answer: FORmula TRANslation

Question: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?
Answer: Albert L. Williams
Title: IBM

In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common themes. Three emerged, expressed as: "Dedication to every client's success", "Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world", and "Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships". Another three-day Jam took place in 2004, with 52,000 employees discussing ways to implement company values in practice.

Question: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is?
Answer: PwC consulting

Question: In 2003 IBM hosted an online discussion with how many employees?
Answer: 50,000 employees

Question: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion?
Answer: Jam technology

Question: What did IBM use to analyze the results from the online discussion?
Answer: eClassifier

Question: How many employees took part in the subsequent online discussion in 2004?
Answer: 52,000 employees
Title: IBM

In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse. A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. In 2009 it acquired software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program Watson, which was exhibited on Jeopardy! where it won against game-show champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. As of 2012[update], IBM had been the top annual recipient of U.S. patents for 20 consecutive years.

Question: IBM sold its personal computer business to what company?
Answer: Lenovo

Question: In what year did IBM sell its personal computer business?
Answer: 2005

Question: What was the design for low cost data encryption named?
Answer: Secure Blue

Question: SPSS Inc. was acquired in what year?
Answer: 2009

Question: This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
Answer: Blue Gene
Title: IBM

On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps. The acquisition seeks to use Watson for weather analytics and predictions. The acquisition does not include The Weather Channel itself, which will enter into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its data. The sale closed on January 29, 2016

Question: IBM acquired digital assets of this company on October 28, 2015.
Answer: The Weather Company

Question: What will IBM use to analyze weather and make predictions?
Answer: Watson

Question: When did the sale of Weather Company assets close?
Answer: January 29, 2016

Question: The Weather Channel entered into what with IBM?
Answer: long-term licensing agreement

Question: Bain Capital is a holding company of which company?
Answer: The Weather Company
Title: IBM

The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).

Question: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?
Answer: 14

Question: What board member resigned in November 2010?
Answer: Cathie Black's

Question: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?
Answer: '07

Question: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?
Answer: American Express

Question: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?
Answer: Andrew N. Liveris
Title: IBM

On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers. After ten successive quarters of flat or sliding sales under Chief Executive Virginia Rometty IBM is being forced to look at new approaches. Said Rometty, “We’ve got to reinvent ourselves like we’ve done in prior generations.”

Question: How large of a drop in sales did IBM report for fiscal year 2013?
Answer: 5% drop

Question: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?
Answer: January 21, 2014

Question: IBM committed to an expansion totaling this dollar amount in 2014?
Answer: $1.2bn

Question: How many new data centers did IBM commit to building?
Answer: 15

Question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?
Answer: Virginia Rometty
Title: IBM

Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities in Hakozaki and Yamato. The company also operates the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House, the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, and the Somers Office Complex. The company's contributions to architecture and design, which include works by Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and I.M. Pei, have been recognized. Van der Rohe's 330 North Wabash building in Chicago, the original center of the company's research division post-World War II, was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum.

Question: What building did Van der Rohe create for IBM?
Answer: 330 North Wabash building in Chicago

Question: The 330 North Wabash building served as what post World War 2?
Answer: center of the company's research division

Question: The 330 North Wabash Building was recognized with what award?
Answer: 1990 Honor Award

Question: IBM has towers in which cities?
Answer: Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta

Question: IBM has worked with architects and designers such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, I.M. Pei, and Van der Rohe, name one  more.
Answer: Eero Saarinen
Title: IBM

IBM's employee management practices can be traced back to its roots. In 1914, CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams, hosting family outings, and furnishing a company band. IBM sports teams still continue in the present day; the IBM Big Blue continue to exist as semi-professional company rugby and American football teams. In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published. In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Question: Who was the CEO in 1914?
Answer: Thomas J. Watson

Question: The Quarter Century Club began in this year.
Answer: 1924

Question: What is the name of IBM's internal magazine?
Answer: Business Machines

Question: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred.
Answer: Hundred Percent Club

Question: What is the Hundred Percent Club composed of?
Answer: IBM salesmen who meet their quotas
Title: IBM

IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1937). In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees, which oversaw the completion of the IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott in 1933. In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created. Also that year, IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals. In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka, Kansas. The next year classes began in New York City, and soon the company was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped. In 1946, the company hired its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1947, IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s revisions were made to these pension plans to reduce IBM's pension liabilities.

Question: In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance?
Answer: 1934

Question: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name?
Answer: IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott

Question: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name?
Answer: Think

Question: What program did IBM launch in 1942?
Answer: program to train and employ disabled people

Question: What year did IBM hire its first black salesman?
Answer: 1946
Title: IBM

In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.

Question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter?
Answer: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

Question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?
Answer: 1952

Question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?
Answer: sex, national origin, and age

Question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these.
Answer: IBM Fellows

Question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner?
Answer: 34
Title: IBM

On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down.

Question: What date did Thomas Watson, Jr. send out a letter about IBM hiring the best people regardless of race, gender, or origin?
Answer: September 21, 1953

Question: IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.?
Answer: the U.S. South

Question: What kind of workplaces did IBM commit to not building?
Answer: separate-but-equal

Question: IBM expanded their nondiscrimination policy in 1984 to include what?
Answer: sexual orientation

Question: In what year did IBM add sexual orientation to their nondiscrimination policy?
Answer: 1984
Title: IBM

IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).

Question: IBM began supporting this in 1998.
Answer: Linux

Question: 300 Linux kernel developers work here.
Answer: the IBM Linux Technology Center

Question: IBM created the software framework known as?
Answer: Eclipse

Question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?
Answer: SCO v. IBM

Question: What does RDBMS refer to?
Answer: relational database management system
Title: IBM

DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-standard technologies like Java, Linux, SOA and web services, web development, Ajax, PHP, and XML to IBM's products (WebSphere, Rational, Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management). In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.

Question: IBM runs what website for software developers?
Answer: DeveloperWorks

Question: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?
Answer: was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame

Question: DeveloperWorks has content about open industry standard technologies like Java and SOA, what is one other industry standard technology it has resources for?
Answer: Linux

Question: IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered?
Answer: Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management

Question: The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?
Answer: 2007
Title: IBM

Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. IBM also provided the microprocessor that serves as the heart of Nintendo's new Wii U system, which debuted in 2012. The new Power Architecture-based microprocessor includes IBM's latest technology in an energy-saving silicon package. Nintendo's seventh-generation console, Wii, features an IBM chip codenamed Broadway. The older Nintendo GameCube utilizes the Gekko processor, also designed by IBM.

Question: What kind of processor was in the Xbox 360?
Answer: PowerPC tri-core processor

Question: How quickly did IBM take to create the Xbox 360 processor?
Answer: less than 24 months

Question: Playstation 3 featured which microprocessor?
Answer: Cell BE microprocessor

Question: Who helped IBM develop the Playstation 3 microprocessor?
Answer: Toshiba, and Sony

Question: What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut?
Answer: 2012
Title: IBM

IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows. There will be no necessity for companies to pay Microsoft for its licenses for operating systems since the operating systems will no longer rely on software which is Windows-based. One alternative to Microsoft's office document formats is the Open Document Format software, whose development IBM supports. It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser. IBM plans to install Open Client on 5% of its desktop PCs. The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.

Question: What will Open Client Offering run on?
Answer: Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X

Question: What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?
Answer: Open Document Format software

Question: What percentage of its desktop PCs does IBM plan to install Open Client on to?
Answer: 5%

Question: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?
Answer: Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Question: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?
Answer: Mozilla Firefox
Title: IBM

In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.

Question: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?
Answer: Project Big Green

Question: Secure Blue was launched in what year?
Answer: 2006

Question: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?
Answer: encryption hardware

Question: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?
Answer: Sam Palmisano

Question: What framework did IBM announce on March 1, 2011?
Answer: Smarter Computing framework
Title: IBM

IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail customers that provides an easy way to donate money when paying in-store by credit or debit card. Customers donate just a few pence (1p-99p) a time and every donation goes to UK charities.

Question: What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems?
Answer: SmartCamp

Question: How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide?
Answer: 17

Question: Who has IBM partnered with to allow retail shoppers to easily donate money?
Answer: Pennies

Question: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?
Answer: UK

Question: What company is known for the electronic charity box?
Answer: Pennies
Title: IBM

The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in the town's soil and aquifer. Traces of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott’s drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Remediation and testing are ongoing, however according to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.

Question: What location is the birthplace of IBM?
Answer: Endicott

Question: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?
Answer: 4,100 gallons

Question: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?
Answer: more than two decades

Question: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?
Answer: 78,000 gallons

Question: IBM was identified by what department as a major source of pollution?
Answer: Department of Environmental Conservation
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

Question: What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?
Answer: New Right

Question: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?
Answer: anti-socialist

Question: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?
Answer: Robert Menzies

Question: Who founded Australia's liberal party?
Answer: Robert Menzies