rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously. After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.

Question: How many debates were there in total, between Kerry and Bush?
Answer: third

Question: Where was the final debate, between Kerry and Bush held?
Answer: Arizona State University

Question: What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?
Answer: Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously

Question: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?
Answer: Vice President Cheney's daughter

Question: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?
Answer: "a pretty angry father"
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

Question: Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?
Answer: John Edwards

Question: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?
Answer: This was the first time in U.S. history

Question: Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?
Answer: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president

Question: What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?
Answer: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president

Question: In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?
Answer: it violated Electoral College rules
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

Question: Why was there tension the day after the election?
Answer: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner

Question: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?
Answer: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000

Question: How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?
Answer: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population

Question: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?
Answer: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio

Question: Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?
Answer: Al Gore
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Question: Was there any debate about the voting process in Ohio?
Answer: a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes

Question: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?
Answer: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote

Question: Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?
Answer: Senator Boxer

Question: Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?
Answer: Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Question: How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?
Answer: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

Kerry would later state that "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters." In the same article, Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean said "I'm not confident that the election in Ohio was fairly decided... We know that there was substantial voter suppression, and the machines were not reliable. It should not be a surprise that the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections. That's what we suspect has happened."

Question: What did Kerry say affected the ability to know if the results of the Ohio vote was unbiased?
Answer: "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters."

Question: Which Democratic official supported Kerry's theory about the Ohio votes?
Answer: Howard Dean

Question: What was said about the devices used to collect the votes, in Ohio?
Answer: the machines were not reliable

Question: Who was targeted for defrauding the electoral process, in Ohio?
Answer: the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In September 2004 the OSCE issued a report on U.S. electoral processes and the election final report. The report reads: "The November 2, 2004 elections in the United States mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document. They were conducted in an environment that reflects a long-standing democratic tradition, including institutions governed by the rule of law, free and generally professional media, and a civil society intensively engaged in the election process. There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."

Question: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?
Answer: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004

Question: Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?
Answer: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.

Question: What were the findings of the OSCE team?
Answer: mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document

Question: What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?
Answer: long-standing democratic tradition
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.)

Question: What finance act affected the 2004 election?
Answer: the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

Question: Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?
Answer: its sponsors in the United States Senate

Question: How did the 527 groups come up with their title?
Answer: Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code

Question: What stipulation enabled the 527 groups to campaign for funds?
Answer: as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns

Question: What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?
Answer: MoveOn.org
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

Question: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??
Answer: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement

Question: What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election?
Answer: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name

Question: Official advertisements generally contained what phrase?
Answer: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."

Question: Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase?
Answer: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"

Question: What was the tag line requirement before?
Answer: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

Question: What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?
Answer: ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36

Question: What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?
Answer: under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system

Question: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?
Answer: Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district)

Question: Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?
Answer: Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College

Question: Did Amendment 36 get passed?
Answer: the amendment ultimately failed
Title: IBM

The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

Question: What was the original name of IBM?
Answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company

Question: What does IBM stand for?
Answer: International Business Machines

Question: In what year was CTR created?
Answer: 1911

Question: What was the unofficial name given to IBM by analysts?
Answer: Big Blue

Question: Who created the IBM name?
Answer: Thomas J. Watson

Question: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?
Answer: 1911

Question: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?
Answer: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)

Question: In what year did IBM get its name?
Answer: 1924

Question: What nickname was given to IBM?
Answer: Big Blue

Question: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?
Answer: Computing Scale Company
Title: IBM

In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include №1 company for leaders (Fortune), №1 green company in the United States (Newsweek), №2 best global brand (Interbrand), №2 most respected company (Barron's), №5 most admired company (Fortune), and №18 most innovative company (Fast Company).

Question: How many employees did IBM have in 2012?
Answer: 435,000 worldwide

Question: What was the ranking in terms of market cap for IBM in 2012?
Answer: fourth largest

Question: In 2011 Forbes, by revenue, ranked IBM at what rank globally?
Answer: 31st largest

Question: At what rank was IBM rated as a global brand by Interbrand?
Answer: №2

Question: In 2012 Fortune ranked the largest US firms by number employees, what was IBMs rank?
Answer: second largest
Title: IBM

IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science. Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.

Question: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?
Answer: IBM Research

Question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?
Answer: 12 research laboratories worldwide

Question: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?
Answer: 22 consecutive years

Question: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?
Answer: five Nobel Prizes

Question: This IBM invention is known by the acronym UPC, what is the full name?
Answer: Universal Product Code
Title: IBM

IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.

Question: What was IBM's operating margin in 2004?
Answer: 16.8%

Question: What were the net profit margins of IBM in 2004?
Answer: 9.0%

Question: IBM's net profit margins were 16.5% in what year?
Answer: 2013

Question: IBM's operating margin in 2013 was what?
Answer: 24.3%

Question: IBM focusing on markets like business continuity, business intelligence, security, and cloud computing is an example of IBM doing what?
Answer: exiting commoditizing markets
Title: IBM

IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale. This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].

Question: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?
Answer: 2012

Question: IBM made an acquisition in 2009, name it.
Answer: SPSS

Question: IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name?
Answer: Lexmark

Question: IBM sold two product lines to Lenovo, name them.
Answer: personal computer and x86 server

Question: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?
Answer: GlobalFoundries
Title: IBM

On June 16, 1911, their four companies were consolidated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). CTR's business office was in Endicott. The individual companies owned by CTR continued to operate using their established names until the businesses were integrated in 1933 and the holding company eliminated. The four companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards.

Question: On what date did the companies that became the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company get consolidated?
Answer: June 16, 1911

Question: Name the individual that consolidated the companies that were to become the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
Answer: Charles Ranlett Flint

Question: In what year did the companies owned by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company finally integrate?
Answer: 1933

Question: Where was the CTR Business office?
Answer: Endicott

Question: In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees?
Answer: 1,300 employees
Title: IBM

Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:

Question: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?
Answer: 1914

Question: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?
Answer: National Cash Register Company

Question: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?
Answer: THINK

Question: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?
Answer: more than doubled to $9 million

Question: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?
Answer: 1917