rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse. Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.

Question: What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?
Answer: reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties

Question: What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?
Answer: federal and state

Question: What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?
Answer: patriotic rituals and military service

Question: What do patients have the right to refuse?
Answer: medical treatment

Question: Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.?
Answer: Canada
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".

Question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: the Governing Body

Question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?
Answer: dissent

Question: What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?
Answer: expelled and shunned

Question: Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?
Answer: part of "God's organization"

Question: Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?
Answer: Satan the Devil
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the religion's leaders of exercising "intellectual dominance" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating "mental isolation", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control.

Question: What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to?
Answer: Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four

Question: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? 
Answer: Alan Rogerson

Question: How do the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience?
Answer: disparaging individual decision-making

Question: What do critics of the Jehovah's Witnesses accuse the religion's leaders of exercising over members?
Answer: "intellectual dominance"

Question: What did former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argue the methods employed by the religion were all elements of?
Answer: mind control
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as "part of the power structure rather than subject to it." Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors "are seldom allowed a dignified exit", and describes the administration as autocratic.

Question: What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become?
Answer: Sociologist

Question: What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: "not always very democratic"

Question: How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church?
Answer: "part of the power structure rather than subject to it."

Question: Another Sociologist, Andrew Holden, feels anyone who joins a movement such as the Jehovah's Witnesses has made a what?
Answer: informed choice

Question: Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?
Answer: dignified exit
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

On the other hand, in his study on nine of "the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world", Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn, Professor of Religious Studies at the Northern Arizona University, wrote: “The NW [New World Translation] emerges as the most accurate of the translations compared.” Although the general public and many Bible scholars assume that the differences in the New World Translation are the result of religious bias on the part of its translators, BeDuhn stated: “Most of the differences are due to the greater accuracy of the NW as a literal, conservative translation of the original expressions of the New Testament writers.” He added however that the insertion of the name Jehovah in the New Testament "violate[s] accuracy in favor of denominationally preferred expressions for God".

Question: What is the New World Translation the most accurate translation of?
Answer: the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world

Question: What do many Bible scholars assume the differences in the New World Translation are the result of?
Answer: religious bias

Question: BeDuhn clarifies that the differences are actually due to what?
Answer: greater accuracy

Question: The NW often errs on the side of what type of translation?
Answer: literal, conservative

Question: What insertion into the New Testament violates accuracy in favor of denominationally preferred expressions?
Answer: Jehovah
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.[note 5] Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as "beyond doubt" or "approved by God".

Question: Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about?
Answer: world events

Question: What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?
Answer: to declare his will

Question: What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: advance knowledge about Armageddon

Question: What had some of the failed predictions of Jehovah's Witnesses been presented as?
Answer: "beyond doubt"
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

The Watch Tower Society rejects accusations that it is a false prophet, stating that its teachings are not inspired or infallible, and that it has not claimed its predictions were "the words of Jehovah." George D. Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology than to failed predictions. Chryssides further states, "it is therefore simplistic and naïve to view the Witnesses as a group that continues to set a single end-date that fails and then devise a new one, as many counter-cultists do." However, sociologist Andrew Holden states that since the foundation of the movement around 140 years ago, "Witnesses have maintained that we are living on the precipice of the end of time."

Question: What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of?
Answer: biblical chronology

Question: What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject?
Answer: that it is a false prophet

Question: What have Jehovah's Witnesses maintained we are living on the precipice of since their formation?
Answer: the end of time

Question: How long ago was the foundation of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement?
Answer: around 140 years ago

Question: What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as?
Answer: sociologist
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sexual abuse to be substantiated by secondary evidence if the accused person denies any wrongdoing. In cases where corroboration is lacking, the Watch Tower Society's instruction is that "the elders will leave the matter in Jehovah's hands". A former member of the church’s headquarters staff, Barbara Anderson, says the policy effectively requires that there be another witness to an act of molestation, "which is an impossibility". Anderson says the policies "protect pedophiles rather than protect the children." Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that they have a strong policy to protect children, adding that the best way to protect children is by educating parents; they also state that they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents.

Question: What are Jehovah's Witnesses accused of concealing within their organization?
Answer: sexual abuse

Question: Whose hands should elders leave allegations of sexual abuse in when the accused person denies wrongdoing?
Answer: Jehovah's

Question: Who does Barbara Anderson feel the church's policy regarding sexual abuse protects?
Answer: pedophiles

Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses maintain they want to protect?
Answer: children

Question: Jehovah's Witnesses do not sponsor activities when the result is the separation of whom?
Answer: children from parents
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that of 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by the Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, "not one was reported by the church to secular authorities." William Bowen, a former Jehovah's Witness elder who established the Silentlambs organization to assist sex abuse victims within the religion, has claimed Witness leaders discourage followers from reporting incidents of sexual misconduct to authorities, and other critics claim the organization is reluctant to alert authorities in order to protect its "crime-free" reputation. In court cases in the United Kingdom and the United States the Watch Tower Society has been found to have been negligent in its failure to protect children from known sex offenders within the congregation and the Society has settled other child abuse lawsuits out of court, reportedly paying as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff without admitting wrongdoing.

Question: What has the Jehovah's Witnesses failure to report to authorities been criticized? 
Answer: abuse allegations

Question: Of the 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, how many were reported to secular authorities?
Answer: not one

Question: Why are the Jehovah's Witnesses reluctant to alert authorities to abuse?
Answer: to protect its "crime-free" reputation

Question: What have courts in both the UK and the US found the Watch Tower Society to have been for failing to protect children from sexual predators within the congregation?
Answer: negligent

Question: How much has the Society reportedly paid to settle lawsuits without admitting any wrongdoing?
Answer: as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO.

Question: What was Eisenhower's nickname?
Answer: Ike

Question: What was the middle name of Dwight Eisenhower?
Answer: David

Question: In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin?
Answer: 1953

Question: During the Second World War, what was the highest position (not rank) Eisenhower achieved?
Answer: Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe

Question: What was the name of the North African invasion Eisenhower oversaw?
Answer: Operation Torch
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala. Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam. He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China.

Question: Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president?
Answer: keep pressure on the Soviet Union

Question: What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War?
Answer: nuclear weapons

Question: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown?
Answer: Iran

Question: What country did Eisenhower neglect to assist in their military action in Vietnam?
Answer: France

Question: In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed?
Answer: 1955
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. In 1958, Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term "military–industrial complex".

Question: Along with Israel, what countries' armies invaded Egypt in 1956?
Answer: British and French

Question: In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite?
Answer: 1957

Question: What organization did Eisenhower support after the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite?
Answer: NASA

Question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his presidential farewell address?
Answer: January 17, 1961

Question: Where did Eisenhower send 15,000 military personnel in 1958?
Answer: Lebanon
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act.

Question: Why political movement was named for Joseph McCarthy?
Answer: McCarthyism

Question: What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy?
Answer: executive privilege

Question: Who served as Eisenhower's vice president?
Answer: Nixon

Question: What sort of conservative was Eisenhower?
Answer: moderate

Question: What does DARPA stand for?
Answer: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Mennonites, joined the International Bible Students Association, later known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall from 1896 to 1915, though Eisenhower never joined the International Bible Students. His later decision to attend West Point saddened his mother, who felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him. While speaking of himself in 1948, Eisenhower said he was "one of the most deeply religious men I know" though unattached to any "sect or organization". He was baptized in the Presbyterian Church in 1953.

Question: What book did Eisenhower's parents read every day?
Answer: Bible

Question: What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?
Answer: River Brethren

Question: What is another name for the International Bible Students Association?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: What university did Eisenhower attend?
Answer: West Point

Question: What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?
Answer: Presbyterian
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously recovered, though he had to repeat his freshman year. He and brother Edgar both wanted to attend college, though they lacked the funds. They made a pact to take alternate years at college while the other worked to earn the tuitions.

Question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from high school?
Answer: 1909

Question: What high school did Eisenhower go to?
Answer: Abilene

Question: What was the name of Eisenhower's brother?
Answer: Edgar

Question: In what year of high school did Eisenhower suffer a groin infection?
Answer: freshman

Question: What high school year did Eisenhower have to repeat?
Answer: freshman
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Edgar took the first turn at school, and Dwight was employed as a night supervisor at the Belle Springs Creamery. Edgar asked for a second year, Dwight consented and worked for a second year. At that time, a friend "Swede" Hazlet was applying to the Naval Academy and urged Dwight to apply to the school, since no tuition was required. Eisenhower requested consideration for either Annapolis or West Point with his U.S. Senator, Joseph L. Bristow. Though Eisenhower was among the winners of the entrance-exam competition, he was beyond the age limit for the Naval Academy. He then accepted an appointment to West Point in 1911.

Question: What was Eisenhower's job title during the first year his brother went to college?
Answer: night supervisor

Question: Where did Eisenhower work during his brother's first year of college?
Answer: Belle Springs Creamery

Question: Who was Eisenhower's senator?
Answer: Joseph L. Bristow

Question: Why couldn't Eisenhower attend Annapolis?
Answer: beyond the age limit

Question: In what year did Eisenhower matriculate to West Point?
Answer: 1911
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight "Icky" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Coincidentally, John graduated from West Point on D-Day, June 6, 1944. He married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10, 1947. John and Barbara had four children: David, Barbara Ann, Susan Elaine and Mary Jean. David, after whom Camp David is named, married Richard Nixon's daughter Julie in 1968. John died on December 21, 2013.

Question: What was Doud Eisenhower's nickname?
Answer: Icky

Question: What killed Icky Eisenhower?
Answer: scarlet fever

Question: In what city was John Eisenhower born?
Answer: Denver

Question: What was John Eisenhower's final rank in the military?
Answer: brigadier general

Question: David Eisenhower married the child of what US President?
Answer: Nixon
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948. He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in expressing his passion for the game, to the point of golfing during winter; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them better against snow on the ground. He had a small, basic golf facility installed at Camp David, and became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman Clifford Roberts, inviting Roberts to stay at the White House on several occasions. Roberts, an investment broker, also handled the Eisenhower family's investments. Roberts also advised Eisenhower on tax aspects of publishing his memoirs, which proved financially lucrative.

Question: What sport did Eisenhower notably enjoy?
Answer: golf

Question: What color were Eisenhower's winter golf balls?
Answer: black

Question: Who was the Chairman of Augusta National and friend to Eisenhower?
Answer: Clifford Roberts

Question: What was Clifford Roberts by profession?
Answer: investment broker

Question: When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?
Answer: 1948