rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for "Of the celibate priesthood"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization.

Question: What is considered an ideal state for priests in the Catholic church?
Answer: Celibacy

Question: What is seen as symbolizing the reality of living in the modern world as Roman Catholic priest?
Answer: Celibacy

Question: What document  of 1967 promotes the church's stance of celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: Sacerdotalis caelibatus

Question: What type of law locked down the Catholic church's stance on celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: Canon

Question: In what year was Canon Law issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood?
Answer: 1983
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Of his eight encyclicals, Pope Paul VI is best known for his encyclical Humanae vitae (Of Human Life, subtitled On the Regulation of Birth), published on 25 July 1968. In this encyclical he reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of artificial birth control. There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control. which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical The expressed views of Paul VI reflected the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, Pius XII and John XXIII and never changed, as he repeatedly stated them in the first few years of his Pontificate

Question: Which one of Paul Vi's encyclicals best known in Catholic history?
Answer: Humanae vitae

Question: What did Paul VI's Humanae Vitae condemn?
Answer: artificial birth control

Question: What type of birth control is condemned by the Catholic church?
Answer: artificial

Question: How many encyclicals did Paul VI publish?
Answer: eight

Question: What does Humanae Vitae mean?
Answer: Of Human Life
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position:

Question: According to Paul VI  to whom are a  man and woman in union with besides each other?
Answer: God

Question: What does God contribute to a married couple's child?
Answer: soul

Question: Who is considered to be love?
Answer: God

Question: From whom is married love generated?
Answer: God

Question: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss?
Answer: marital
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation. In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent. The Senate of Bolivia passed a resolution stating that Humanae vitae could be discussed in its implications for individual consciences, but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies. The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions.

Question: Who was president of the World Bank in 1968?
Answer: Robert McNamara

Question: What were developing countries encouraged to allow access to by the World Bank?
Answer: birth control

Question: In what country did doctors call the World Bank's offer of resources in exchange for liberal birth control policies "insulting"?
Answer: Bolivia

Question: Who said Columbia did not want American aid if it required changing the Catholic church's stance on birth control?
Answer: Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque

Question: What country did Cardinal archbishop Anlbal Munoz Duque represent?
Answer: Colombia
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States. He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one: "Don't be afraid", he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical, "in twenty years time they'll call me a prophet." His biography on the Vatican's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that "[t]he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate". Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.

Question: To whom did Paul VI tell "not to be afraid" when the church released its statement on birth control?
Answer: Edouard Gagnon

Question: What did Paul VI declare he would be seen as in 25 years?
Answer: prophet

Question: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?
Answer: Pope John Paul II

Question: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?
Answer: Pope John Paul II

Question: To what did Western Europe and the United States demonstrate a negative response?
Answer: the encyclical
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.

Question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?
Answer: Rome

Question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?
Answer: two

Question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?
Answer: whole person

Question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?
Answer: whole

Question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?
Answer: Christ
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.

Question: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?
Answer: Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965

Question: In what year was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what city was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
Answer: Rome

Question: Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?
Answer: Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III

Question: How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973?
Answer: three
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI was the first pope to receive an Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey in official audience as Head of Church, after the private audience visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII on 2 December 1960. Ramsey met Paul three times during his visit and opened the Anglican Centre in Rome to increase their mutual knowledge. He praised Paul VI[e] and his contributions in the service of unity. Paul replied that "by entering into our house, you are entering your own house, we are happy to open our door and heart to you." The two Church leaders signed a common declaration, which put an end to the disputes of the past and outlined a common agenda for the future.

Question: Who was the first pope to meet with an Anglican Archbishop as an official Head of Church since 1960?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during Paul VI papacy?
Answer: Michael Ramsey

Question: How many times did Archbishop Ramsey meet with Paul VI?
Answer: three

Question: What center did Archbishop Ramsey open in Rome to improve Anglican and Catholic relations?
Answer: Anglican Centre

Question: In what Italian center was the Anglican center opened in by Archbishop Ramsey?
Answer: Rome
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.

Question: What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?
Answer: Christian Unity

Question: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?
Answer: Congregation of Faith

Question: To what type of non Catholic denomination was Paul VI considered to be a great ally of?
Answer: Anglican

Question: Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?
Answer: Anglican Church

Question: Who described the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church"?
Answer: Paul VI
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

In 1965, Paul VI decided on the creation of a joint working group with the World Council of Churches to map all possible avenues of dialogue and cooperation. In the following three years, eight sessions were held which resulted in many joint proposals. It was proposed to work closely together in areas of social justice and development and Third World Issues such as hunger and poverty. On the religious side, it was agreed to share together in the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity, to be held every year. The joint working group was to prepare texts which were to be used by all Christians. On 19 July 1968, the meeting of the World Council of Churches took place in Uppsala, Sweden, which Pope Paul called a sign of the times. He sent his blessing in an ecumenical manner: "May the Lord bless everything you do for the case of Christian Unity." The World Council of Churches decided on including Catholic theologians in its committees, provided they have the backing of the Vatican.

Question: In what year was a group created to work with the World Council of Churches to increase dialogue between Catholic Christians and other Christian denominations?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what year did the World Council of Churches meet in Uppsala, Sweden?
Answer: 1968

Question: What type of theologians did the World Council of Churches decide to include in their committees?
Answer: Catholic

Question: In what country did the World Council of Churches meet in 1968?
Answer: Sweden

Question: Whose backing did the World Council of Churches require Catholic theologians serving on joint committees to have?
Answer: Vatican
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities.

Question: Which protestants were the first to reach out to the Catholic church in 1964 in Iceland?
Answer: Lutherans

Question: In what year did The Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Methodist church?
Answer: 1965

Question: In what year did the Catholic church begin diplomatic relations with the Lutheran church?
Answer: 1964

Question: Who was president of the World Council of Churches during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation?
Answer: Fredrik A. Schiotz

Question: To whom did Schiotz state one should be grateful for the Reformation?
Answer: God
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, "as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour." He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.

Question: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible?
Answer: Protestant Bible societies

Question: Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?
Answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

Question: In what year did Paul VI officially declare his support of a cross faith translation of the bible?
Answer: 1967

Question: What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?
Answer: Protestants
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]

Question: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?
Answer: three

Question: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?
Answer: Joseph Ratzinger

Question: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?
Answer: Karol Wojtyła

Question: In what year did Paul VI die?
Answer: 1978

Question: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?
Answer: John Paul I
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.

Question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?
Answer: Castel Gandolfo

Question: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?
Answer: Castel Gandolfo

Question: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?
Answer: Sandro Pertini

Question: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?
Answer: two hours

Question: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?
Answer: horses
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.

Question: In what year was Paul VI beautified?
Answer: 2014

Question: On what day was Paul VI born?
Answer: 26 September

Question: Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?
Answer: Paul VI

Question: On what day was the beautification ceremony performed for Paul VI?
Answer: 19 October

Question: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?
Answer: A miracle
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.

Question: According to the Vatican who could the healing of an unborn child be attributed to in the 1990's?
Answer: pontiff

Question: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?
Answer: Pope Francis

Question: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?
Answer: Congregation for the Causes of Saints

Question: What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?
Answer: beatification
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

On 24 April 2014, it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014. This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints held that meeting and positively concluded that the healing was indeed a miracle that could be attributed to the late pope. The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval.

Question: What magazine broke the story of Paul VI pending saint hood?
Answer: Credere

Question: What type of miracle was attributed to Pope Paul VI?
Answer: healing

Question: What group declared the healing a miracle by Paul VI?
Answer: The Congregation for the Causes of Saints

Question: Who needed to approve the Congregation for the Causes of Saints conclusion that Paul VI performed a miracle?
Answer: pope

Question: Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?
Answer: Pope Francis
Title: Pope_Paul_VI

On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."

Question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?
Answer: Holocaust

Question: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?
Answer: Pius XII

Question: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?
Answer: reform

Question: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae? 
Answer: tenth

Question: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?
Answer: John XXIII