rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Carnival

The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival includes several parades on Friday and Saturday nights beginning on 11 January and ending with a six-day non-stop festival, beginning the Wednesday prior to Ash Wednesday and ending Tuesday midnight. Other celebrations occur in villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (see Blacks and Whites' Carnival) in the south of the country. In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government. The Bogotá Carnival was renewed in the 21st century.

Question: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?
Answer: in small/unimportant towns

Question: How many days does the non-stop festival go?
Answer: six

Question: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?
Answer: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

Question: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?
Answer: the government
Title: Carnival

The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

Question: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?
Answer: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province

Question: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?
Answer: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas

Question: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?
Answer: Imbabura

Question: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?
Answer: afro-Ecuadorian

Question: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
Answer: bomba del chota
Title: Carnival

A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

Question: What is a tradition unique to the Creole people?
Answer: touloulous

Question: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?
Answer: in the interest of the sexual health

Question: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?
Answer: pay admittance

Question: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?
Answer: refuse

Question: Why do the women drink through a straw? 
Answer: protect their anonymity
Title: Carnival

Peruvian Carnival incorporates elements of violence and reflects the urban violence in Peruvian society following the internal conflict in Peru. Traditionally, Peruvian Andean festivities were held on this period every year because it is the rainy season. It was already violent during the 19th century, but the government limited the practice. During the early 20th century it consisted partying and parading, while in the second half of the 20th century it acquired violent characteristics that continued. It was banned, first from the streets in 1958 and altogether in 1959 by the Prado government. It consisted basically of water battles in a traditional way,[clarification needed] while in later years it included playing with dirty water, mud, oil and colorants -and also including fighting and sometimes looting private property and sexual assaults on women. It has become an excuse for criminal gangs to rob people while pretending to celebrate. As of 2010, it had become so violent that the government imposed penalties of up to eight years in prison for violence during the games (the games themselves are not forbidden, but using violence during the games or coercing others to participate is).

Question: What does the Peruvian Carnival incorporate elements of?
Answer: violence

Question: Why are the festivals in Peru held when they are?
Answer: because it is the rainy season

Question: When did the festivities acquire their violent tendencies?
Answer: second half of the 20th century

Question: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations?
Answer: sexual assaults on women

Question: How many years in prison can someone expect for being violent during the fun and games?
Answer: eight
Title: Carnival

The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade).

Question: How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?
Answer: more than 40

Question: What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape?
Answer: European

Question: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?
Answer: slaves

Question: What are the main attractions of the Uruguayan Carnival?
Answer: two colorful parades

Question: What is summoned by the Desfile de Llamadas parade?
Answer: candombe
Title: Carnival

During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

Question: What are built in many places through the cities?
Answer: tablados

Question: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?
Answer: opera

Question: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?
Answer: the social and political situation

Question: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
Answer: candombe

Question: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?
Answer: sensual
Title: Pesticide

Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.

Question: What is the difference between a pesticide and a plant protection product?
Answer: pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes

Question: What is the purpose of a pesticide?
Answer: Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest

Question: What are pesticides most commonly used for?
Answer: The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products

Question: What can pesticides protect plants from?
Answer: protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects

Question: What item commonly used in hospitals, schools and offices is a pesticide?
Answer: sanitizer
Title: Pesticide

In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides.

Question: What are three pests pesticides target?
Answer: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks

Question: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents?
Answer: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent

Question: What are possible cons of pesticides?
Answer: potential toxicity to humans and other species

Question: What are pesticides meant to prevent?
Answer: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors
Title: Pesticide

Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Biopesticides include microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides. Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals", have been developing quickly. These include the pyrethroids, rotenoids, nicotinoids, and a fourth group that includes strychnine and scilliroside.:15

Question: What is one way to group pesticides?
Answer: chemical structure

Question: Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides.
Answer: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides

Question: What are the two types of biopesticides?
Answer: microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides

Question: Which type of pesticides have seen rapid growth in development?
Answer: Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals
Title: Pesticide

Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodium/potassium balance of the nerve fiber, forcing the nerve to transmit continuously. Their toxicities vary greatly, but they have been phased out because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate.:239–240 Organophosphate and carbamates largely replaced organochlorines. Both operate through inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to transfer nerve impulses indefinitely and causing a variety of symptoms such as weakness or paralysis. Organophosphates are quite toxic to vertebrates, and have in some cases been replaced by less toxic carbamates.:136–137 Thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamates are subclasses of carbamates. Prominent families of herbicides include phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides (e.g. 2,4-D), triazines (e.g., atrazine), ureas (e.g., diuron), and Chloroacetanilides (e.g., alachlor). Phenoxy compounds tend to selectively kill broad-leaf weeds rather than grasses. The phenoxy and benzoic acid herbicides function similar to plant growth hormones, and grow cells without normal cell division, crushing the plant's nutrient transport system.:300 Triazines interfere with photosynthesis.:335 Many commonly used pesticides are not included in these families, including glyphosate.

Question: Organochlorine hydrocarbons effect what balance of the nerve fiber?
Answer: sodium/potassium

Question: Why was the use of organochlorine hydrocarbons ended?
Answer: because of their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate

Question: What type of herbicide selectively kills broad leef weeds?
Answer: Phenoxy compounds

Question: What essential plan funtion is interrupted by triazines?
Answer: photosynthesis

Question: Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms?
Answer: weakness or paralysis
Title: Pesticide

Pesticides can be classified based upon their biological mechanism function or application method. Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant. With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward. Increased efficiency may be a result. Systemic insecticides, which poison pollen and nectar in the flowers[citation needed], may kill bees and other needed pollinators[citation needed].

Question: What is one way you could group pesticides?
Answer: application method

Question: What is the main way that peticides perform their function?
Answer: by poisoning pests

Question: In which direction do systemic pesticide generally travel through a plant?
Answer: movement is usually upward

Question: Which parts of a plant do systemic pesticides generally attack?
Answer: pollen and nectar in the flowers
Title: Pesticide

Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas. Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Herbicides can be used to clear roadside weeds, trees and brush. They can also kill invasive weeds that may cause environmental damage. Herbicides are commonly applied in ponds and lakes to control algae and plants such as water grasses that can interfere with activities like swimming and fishing and cause the water to look or smell unpleasant. Uncontrolled pests such as termites and mold can damage structures such as houses. Pesticides are used in grocery stores and food storage facilities to manage rodents and insects that infest food such as grain. Each use of a pesticide carries some associated risk. Proper pesticide use decreases these associated risks to a level deemed acceptable by pesticide regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Canada.

Question: Pesticides can be used to stop the spread of what dieseases?
Answer: West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria

Question: What sort of pesticides would you find in ponds and lakes?
Answer: Herbicides

Question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in the US?
Answer: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in Canada?
Answer: Pest Management Regulatory Agency
Title: Pesticide

DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of their persistence in the environment and human toxicity. DDT use is not always effective, as resistance to DDT was identified in Africa as early as 1955, and by 1972 nineteen species of mosquito worldwide were resistant to DDT.

Question: What kind of pesticide is DDT?
Answer: an organochlorine

Question: Why have DDTs been banned in some areas?
Answer: persistence in the environment and human toxicity

Question: Is DDT 100% guaranteed to work?
Answer: DDT use is not always effective

Question: How may species have been found to be resistant to DDT?
Answer: nineteen
Title: Pesticide

In 2006 and 2007, the world used approximately 2.4 megatonnes (5.3×109 lb) of pesticides, with herbicides constituting the biggest part of the world pesticide use at 40%, followed by insecticides (17%) and fungicides (10%). In 2006 and 2007 the U.S. used approximately 0.5 megatonnes (1.1×109 lb) of pesticides, accounting for 22% of the world total, including 857 million pounds (389 kt) of conventional pesticides, which are used in the agricultural sector (80% of conventional pesticide use) as well as the industrial, commercial, governmental and home & garden sectors.Pesticides are also found in majority of U.S. households with 78 million out of the 105.5 million households indicating that they use some form of pesticide. As of 2007, there were more than 1,055 active ingredients registered as pesticides, which yield over 20,000 pesticide products that are marketed in the United States.

Question: On estimate how many megatonnes of pesticides were used between 2006 and 2007?
Answer: approximately 2.4

Question: What amount of conventional pesticide use does the agricultural sector account for?
Answer: 80%

Question:  Pesticides contain at least how many ingredients?
Answer: more than 1,055

Question: How maney pesticides are offered for sale in the US?
Answer: over 20,000
Title: Pesticide

Every dollar ($1) that is spent on pesticides for crops yields four dollars ($4) in crops saved. This means based that, on the amount of money spent per year on pesticides, $10 billion, there is an additional $40 billion savings in crop that would be lost due to damage by insects and weeds. In general, farmers benefit from having an increase in crop yield and from being able to grow a variety of crops throughout the year. Consumers of agricultural products also benefit from being able to afford the vast quantities of produce available year-round. The general public also benefits from the use of pesticides for the control of insect-borne diseases and illnesses, such as malaria. The use of pesticides creates a large job market within the agrichemical sector.

Question: What do monetary savings in crops from the use of pesticide amount to?
Answer: $40 billion

Question: What amount is spent annualoy on pesticides?
Answer: $10 billion

Question: How are consumers able to benefit from saved crops?
Answer: vast quantities of produce available year-round

Question: In which area do pesticides creat jobs?
Answer: agrichemical sector

Question: How is the health of the general publis affected by pesticides?
Answer: control of insect-borne diseases and illnesses
Title: Pesticide

Pesticides may cause acute and delayed health effects in people who are exposed. Pesticide exposure can cause a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as affecting the nervous system, mimicking hormones causing reproductive problems, and also causing cancer. A 2007 systematic review found that "most studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive associations with pesticide exposure" and thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesticides should be decreased. There is substantial evidence of associations between organophosphate insecticide exposures and neurobehavioral alterations.  Limited evidence also exists for other negative outcomes from pesticide exposure including neurological, birth defects, fetal death,

Question: Can pesticides have a serious effect on people?
Answer: cause acute and delayed health effects

Question: What is one of the most serious effects of exposure to pesticides?
Answer: cancer

Question: What is thought to possibly cause neurobehavioral alterations?
Answer: organophosphate insecticide exposures
Title: Pesticide

The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developing countries that account for only 25% of pesticide usage. According to one study, as many as 25 million workers in developing countries may suffer mild pesticide poisoning yearly. There are several careers aside from agriculture that may also put individuals at risk of health effects from pesticide exposure including pet groomers, groundskeepers, and fumigators.

Question: How many workers in agriculture die a year from severly poisining pesticides in developing countries?
Answer: 18,000

Question: What careers put people in danger of being exposed to pesticide poisining?
Answer: groomers, groundskeepers, and fumigators

Question: In developing countries, how many workers are exposed to mild pesticide poisining?
Answer: as 25 million

Question: Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries?
Answer: inadequate regulation
Title: Pesticide

Pesticide use raises a number of environmental concerns. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.

Question: What pecentage of sprayed pesticides affect the wrong species?
Answer: Over 98%

Question: What is affected when pesticides don't reach their target?
Answer: non-target species, air, water and soil

Question: What is it called when pesticides are caught in the wind and carried to unintended areas?
Answer: Pesticide drift

Question: Pesticides contribute to what sort of pollution?
Answer: water pollution

Question: What is the effect of pesticide drift?
Answer: potentially contaminating
Title: Pesticide

Since chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides dissolve in fats and are not excreted, organisms tend to retain them almost indefinitely. Biological magnification is the process whereby these chlorinated hydrocarbons (pesticides) are more concentrated at each level of the food chain. Among marine animals, pesticide concentrations are higher in carnivorous fishes, and even more so in the fish-eating birds and mammals at the top of the ecological pyramid. Global distillation is the process whereby pesticides are transported from warmer to colder regions of the Earth, in particular the Poles and mountain tops. Pesticides that evaporate into the atmosphere at relatively high temperature can be carried considerable distances (thousands of kilometers) by the wind to an area of lower temperature, where they condense and are carried back to the ground in rain or snow.

Question: Why are hydrocarbon pesticides not excreted?
Answer: dissolve in fats

Question: How are levels of pesticides higher going up the food chain?
Answer: Biological magnification

Question: The movement of pesticides from wawrme to cooler climates is called what?
Answer: Global distillation

Question: How could pesticides travel over hundreds of miles?
Answer: the wind