rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10. The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating station has been online since 1962 as is exempt from many pollution standards and controls due to its age. Solar has been gaining ground in Tucson with its ideal over 300 days of sunshine climate. Federal, state, and even local utility credits and incentives have also enticed residents to equip homes with solar systems. Davis-Monthan AFB has a 3.3 Megawatt (MW) ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) array and a 2.7 MW rooftop-mounted PV array, both of which are located in the Base Housing area. The base will soon have the largest solar-generating capacity in the United States Department of Defense after awarding a contract on September 10, 2010, to SunEdison to construct a 14.5 MW PV field on the northwestern side of the base.

Question: Who runs Tucson's main power plant?
Answer: Tucson Electric Power

Question: What highway is Tucson's main power plant near?
Answer: Interstate-10

Question: What does Tucson's main power plant use for fuel?
Answer: coal and natural gas

Question: When did Tucson's main power plant begin operation?
Answer: 1962

Question: How many days of sunshine does Tucson get each year?
Answer: over 300
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply. The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water. Municipal (which includes residential use) accounts for about 25% of use. Energy consumption and availability is another sustainability issue. However, with over 300 days of full sun a year, Tucson has demonstrated its potential to be an ideal solar energy producer.

Question: How is most of Tucson's water used?
Answer: Agriculture (including golf courses)

Question: How much of Tucson's water is used on agriculture?
Answer: 69%

Question: How much of Tucson's water is used on residential/city use?
Answer: 25%

Question: How many days of full sun does Tucson get each year?
Answer: over 300

Question: What agency manages Tucson's water?
Answer: Arizona Department of Water Resources
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

In an effort to conserve water, Tucson is recharging groundwater supplies by running part of its share of CAP water into various open portions of local rivers to seep into their aquifer. Additional study is scheduled to determine the amount of water that is lost through evaporation from the open areas, especially during the summer. The City of Tucson already provides reclaimed water to its inhabitants, but it is only used for "applications such as irrigation, dust control, and industrial uses." These resources have been in place for more than 27 years, and deliver to over 900 locations.

Question: How is Tucson replenishing its groundwater?
Answer: running part of its share of CAP water into various open portions of local rivers to seep into their aquifer

Question: What does Tucson use reclaimed water for?
Answer: irrigation, dust control, and industrial uses

Question: How long has Tucson's water conservation efforts been underway?
Answer: more than 27 years
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.

Question: What is the CAP?
Answer: Central Arizona Project Aqueduct

Question: How long is the CAP?
Answer: more than 300 mi (480 km)

Question: What water source feeds the CAP?
Answer: Colorado River

Question: What aquifer is Tucson starting new wells in?
Answer: Avra Valley aquifer

Question: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001?
Answer: over 80
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of Interstate 10 and the Santa Cruz River. Ten-minute headway passenger service began July 25, 2014. The streetcar utilizes Sun Tran's card payment and transfer system, connecting with the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service.

Question: How long is the Sun Link?
Answer: 3.9-mile

Question: What is Tucson's bus system called?
Answer: Sun Tran

Question: What transit systems does Sun Link connect to?
Answer: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

Question: When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award?
Answer: 1988 and 2005

Question: What kind of vehicles operate on the Sun Link?
Answer: streetcar
Title: Tucson,_Arizona

Cycling is popular in Tucson due to its flat terrain and dry climate. Tucson and Pima County maintain an extensive network of marked bike routes, signal crossings, on-street bike lanes, mountain-biking trails, and dedicated shared-use paths. The Loop is a network of seven linear parks comprising over 100 mi (160 km) of paved, vehicle-free trails that encircles the majority of the city with links to Marana and Oro Valley. The Tucson-Pima County Bicycle Advisory Committee (TPCBAC) serves in an advisory capacity to local governments on issues relating to bicycle recreation, transportation, and safety. Tucson was awarded a gold rating for bicycle-friendliness by the League of American Bicyclists in 2006.

Question: Why is cycling popular in Tucson?
Answer: its flat terrain and dry climate

Question: What is The Loop?
Answer: a network of seven linear parks

Question: How many miles of trails are in The Loop?
Answer: over 100

Question: What organization advises the Tucson government on bike concerns?
Answer: Tucson-Pima County Bicycle Advisory Committee

Question: What kind of places to ride bikes does Tucson have?
Answer: marked bike routes, signal crossings, on-street bike lanes, mountain-biking trails, and dedicated shared-use paths
Title: Armenia

Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. In between the late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century, the state became the first Christian nation. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301 AD. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.

Question: What kind of government does Armenia have?
Answer: democratic

Question: What religion did Armenia support?
Answer: Christianity

Question: Who brought Armenia to success in the 1st century BC?
Answer: Tigranes the Great

Question: What two empires did Armenia belong to in the beginning of the 5th century?
Answer: Byzantine and Sasanian

Question: When was Urartu created?
Answer: 860 BC
Title: Armenia

Between the 16th century and 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, after the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence from the Russian empire, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Question: Which two empires ruled Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?
Answer: Ottoman and successive Iranian empires

Question: Who took over Eastern Armenia in the 19th century?
Answer: Russian Empire

Question: When did the Armenian Genocide occure?
Answer: World War I

Question: When did Armenia become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?
Answer: 1920

Question: When did Armenia gain its independence?
Answer: 1991
Title: Armenia

The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina (    ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk.

Question: What name did Armenia gain it's name from?
Answer: Aram

Question: When did Xenophon visit Armenia?
Answer: 401 BC

Question: Who first referenced the Armenians?
Answer: Hecataeus of Miletus

Question: What language does Armenias resemble most?
Answer: Persians
Title: Armenia

Several bronze-era states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1500–1200 BC). The Nairi people (12th to 9th centuries BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000–600 BC) successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. A large cuneiform lapidary inscription found in Yerevan established that the modern capital of Armenia was founded in the summer of 782 BC by King Argishti I. Yerevan is the world's oldest city to have documented the exact date of its foundation.

Question: When was the capital of Armenia established?
Answer: 782 BC

Question: What is the capital of Armenia?
Answer: Yerevan

Question: The founding of which city was the first to be ever recorded?
Answer: Yerevan

Question: Who ruled Armenia in 782 BC?
Answer: King Argishti I
Title: Armenia

During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.

Question: Under who did Areminia become fully sovereign?
Answer: King Artaxias I

Question: What Empire did the Orontid Dynasty belong to?
Answer: Achaemenid Empire

Question: When did Armenia reach it's peak?
Answer: between 95 and 66 BC

Question: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?
Answer: Tigranes the Great
Title: Armenia

In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians.

Question: Who established the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia?
Answer: Tiridates I

Question: What made Armenia so easily invadable?
Answer: strategic location between two continents

Question: Who ruled the Assyrians between 669-627 BC?
Answer: Ashurbanipal
Title: Armenia

After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its center in the Armenian city, Dvin. The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884, when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni.

Question: When was the Marzpanate era?
Answer: 428–636

Question: When did the Principality of Armenia end?
Answer: 884

Question: Under which ruler did the Principality of Armenia gain its independence?
Answer: King Ashot I Bagratuni

Question: Where was the Principality of Armenia centered?
Answer: Dvin

Question: Who ruled the Emirate of Armenia?
Answer: Prince of Armenia
Title: Armenia

In 1045, the Byzantine Empire conquered Bagratid Armenia. Soon, the other Armenian states fell under Byzantine control as well. The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire. To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative, Gagik II, King of Ani, an Armenian named Roupen, went with some of his countrymen into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia. The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under King Leo I, a descendant of Prince Roupen.

Question: Who vanquished Bagratid Armenia?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire

Question: When did the Seljuk Turks beat the Byzantines?
Answer: 1071

Question: When was Cilicia founded?
Answer: 6 January 1198

Question: What was the outcome of the Battle of Manzikert for the Seljuk Turks?
Answer: conquered Armenia

Question: Where did Roupen find refuge?
Answer: Tarsus of Cilicia
Title: Armenia

The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The noble family of Orbelians shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the Armenian family of Hasan-Jalalians controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh.

Question: Which family overthrew the Seljuk Turks?
Answer: the Zakarid

Question: What principality did the Zakarid family form?
Answer: Zakarid Armenia

Question: What area did the Orbelians and Zakarids command together?
Answer: Syunik and Vayots Dzor

Question: What area did the Hasan-jalalians command?
Answer: Artsakh and Utik

Question: When did the Seljuk Empire experience it's decline?
Answer: early 12th century
Title: Armenia

In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule.

Question: Which empires seperated Armenia?
Answer: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

Question: Who controlled Western Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?
Answer: Ottoman

Question: Who controlled Eastern Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?
Answer: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires

Question: How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last?
Answer: century
Title: Armenia

While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social system, Armenians faced pervasive discrimination. When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan ‘Abdu’l-Hamid II, in response, organized state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people. The Hamidian massacres, as they came to be known, gave Hamid international infamy as the "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan."

Question: How many Armenians were slaughtered between 1894-1896
Answer: 80,000 to 300,000

Question: What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians?
Answer: pushing for more rights

Question: What nicknames was Sultan 'Abdu'l-Hamid II given?
Answer: "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan."

Question: What was the name given to the slaughter of the Armenians between 1894-1896?
Answer: Hamidian massacres

Question: What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: Muslim
Title: Armenia

During the 1890s, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, commonly known as Dashnaktsutyun, became active within the Ottoman Empire with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-populated areas of the empire. Dashnaktsutyun members also formed fedayi groups that defended Armenian civilians through armed resistance. The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favor of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy.

Question: What is another name for the Armenian Revolutionary Federation?
Answer: Dashnaktsutyun

Question: What was the Dashnaks objective?
Answer: creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia

Question: Which Dashnak groups helped protect Armenian citizens?
Answer: fedayi

Question: When did the Dashnaktsutyun originate?
Answer: 1890s
Title: Armenia

The Ottoman Empire began to collapse, and in 1908, the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid. In April 1909, the Adana massacre occurred in the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire resulting in the deaths of as many as 20,000–30,000 Armenians. The Armenians living in the empire hoped that the Committee of Union and Progress would change their second-class status. Armenian reform package (1914) was presented as a solution by appointing an inspector general over Armenian issues.

Question: When did the Adana massacre take place?
Answer: April 1909

Question: How many Armenians died in the Adana Massacre?
Answer: 20,000–30,000

Question: When was Sultan Hamid unseated?
Answer: 1908

Question: Who unseated Sultan Hamid?
Answer: Young Turk Revolution

Question: When was the Armenian Reform package introduced?
Answer: 1914
Title: Armenia

When World War I broke out leading to confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire in the Caucasus and Persian Campaigns, the new government in Istanbul began to look on the Armenians with distrust and suspicion. This was because the Imperial Russian Army contained a contingent of Armenian volunteers. On 24 April 1915, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities and, with the Tehcir Law (29 May 1915), eventually a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished in what has become known as the Armenian Genocide.

Question: What instigated conflict between the Ottoman and Russian Empire?
Answer: World War I

Question: When did the Tehcir Law come to fruition?
Answer: 29 May 1915

Question: Which army had a group of Armenian volunteers fighting for them?
Answer: Russian Army

Question: Where did the Armenian Genocide occur?
Answer: Anatolia
Title: Armenia

The genocide was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre. There was local Armenian resistance in the region, developed against the activities of the Ottoman Empire. The events of 1915 to 1917 are regarded by Armenians and the vast majority of Western historians to have been state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide.

Question: What do the Armenians see the events of 1915-1917 as?
Answer: state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide

Question: How many phases were there to the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: two phases

Question: What did the first phase of the Armenian Genocide involve?
Answer: killing of the able-bodied male population

Question: What did the second phase of the Armenian Genocide involve?
Answer: deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm

Question: Where did the Armenian Genocide death marches push the deportees to?
Answer: Syrian desert
Title: Armenia

Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16). This figure, however, accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916. The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at "more than a million". The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.

Question: How many Armenians died during the second phase of the Armenian Genocide between 1915-1916??
Answer: 600,000

Question: Who contests the existence of the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: Turkish authorities

Question: What is the estimated sum of people who died during the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: between 1 and 1.5 million

Question: Who put together a report about the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: Arnold J. Toynbee

Question: When was Toynbee's report put together?
Answer: 24th May 1916