rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Portugal

In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion. In May 2014 the country exited the bailout but reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its reformist momentum. At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent.

Question: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?
Answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund

Question: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?
Answer: 2011

Question: How much money was agreed to in the financial bailout?
Answer: €78 billion

Question: When did Portugal exit the bailout?
Answer: May 2014

Question: By the time Portugal exited the bailout, to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen?
Answer: 15.3 percent
Title: Portugal

Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

Question: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?
Answer: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units

Question: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?
Answer: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro

Question: What types of crops does Portugal produce?
Answer: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms

Question: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?
Answer: dairy products, poultry and beef
Title: Portugal

Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

Question: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?
Answer: Ramirez

Question: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?
Answer: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama

Question: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?
Answer: fish
Title: Portugal

Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

Question: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
Answer: copper

Question: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?
Answer: tin, tungsten and uranium

Question: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?
Answer: hydrocarbon

Question: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?
Answer: north

Question: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?
Answer: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization
Title: Portugal

Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed]

Question: What automotive brands exist in Portugal?
Answer: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen

Question: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?
Answer: Embraer and OGMA

Question: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
Answer: Palmela

Question: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries?
Answer: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor

Question: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located?
Answer: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Title: Portugal

Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.

Question: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future?
Answer: increase

Question: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?
Answer: Eastern European destinations

Question: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?
Answer: focus upon its niche attractions

Question: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?
Answer: health, nature and rural tourism
Title: Portugal

The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

Question: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"
Answer: The Economist

Question: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
Answer: 65%

Question: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?
Answer: 10.2%

Question: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
Answer: negative

Question: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
Answer: 2011
Title: Portugal

On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

Question: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?
Answer: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

Question: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?
Answer: third

Question: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?
Answer: Carnation's Revolution

Question: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?
Answer: financial weakness
Title: Portugal

In 2005, the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government (70.8) was above the European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants). By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in Western Europe (after Italy); conversely, Portugal has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors—over 30 per 100,000 people. The entire Portuguese public service has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and a general lack of productivity in certain sectors, particularly in justice.

Question: In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants?
Answer: 70.8

Question: What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005?
Answer: 62.4

Question: In comparison to EU and USA standards, how was Portugal's justice system regarded?
Answer: slow and inefficient

Question: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005?
Answer: Italy

Question: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants?
Answer: over 30
Title: Portugal

In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.

Question: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?
Answer: Passos Coelho

Question: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013?
Answer: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours

Question: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?
Answer: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant

Question: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from?
Answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Title: Portugal

Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

Question: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?
Answer: 66

Question: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?
Answer: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses

Question: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?
Answer: English

Question: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?
Answer: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions
Title: Portugal

After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015.

Question: Since when has the Portugal unemployment rate been in a falling trend?
Answer: third quarter of 2014

Question: To what percentage did the unemployment rate peak at?
Answer: 17.7%

Question: In the second quarter of 2008, what was the Portuguese unemployment rate?
Answer: 7.3%

Question: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?
Answer: December 2009
Title: Portugal

Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

Question: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?
Answer: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra

Question: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?
Answer: Fátima

Question: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?
Answer: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children

Question: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?
Answer: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo

Question: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?
Answer: Lisbon
Title: Portugal

By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.

Question: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?
Answer: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles

Question: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?
Answer: new motorways

Question: How long is Portugal's total road network?
Answer: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)

Question: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?
Answer: 1944
Title: Portugal

Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.

Question: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?
Answer: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)

Question: How many national airports does Portugal have?
Answer: four

Question: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?
Answer: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja

Question: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?
Answer: geographical position

Question: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?
Answer: TAP Portugal
Title: Portugal

A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods.

Question: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?
Answer: Spain

Question: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
Answer: Comboios de Portugal

Question: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
Answer: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)

Question: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
Answer: 1,430 km (889 mi)

Question: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
Answer: 900 km (559 mi)
Title: Portugal

The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century. In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.

Question: What are the two subway systems in Portugal?
Answer: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area

Question: How long are each of the subway systems?
Answer: more than 35 km (22 mi)

Question: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?
Answer: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)

Question: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?
Answer: over a century
Title: Portugal

Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos. The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP, the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute.

Question: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?
Answer: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions

Question: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?
Answer: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação

Question: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?
Answer: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)
Title: Portugal

Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779.

Question: What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal?
Answer: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation

Question: What is the Champalimaud Foundation?
Answer: neuroscience and oncology research centre

Question: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year?
Answer: one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world

Question: In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded?
Answer: 1779