rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Houston

In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected President of Texas in September 1836. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the domestic slave trade. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Houston. Thousands of enslaved African-Americans lived near the city before the Civil War. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. In 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved. A few slaves, perhaps as many as 2,000 between 1835 and 1865, came through the illegal African trade. Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state. They also brought or purchased enslaved African Americans, whose numbers nearly tripled in the state from 1850 to 1860, from 58,000 to 182,566.

Question: Where were Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen from?
Answer: New York

Question: How many acres of land did Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen purchase in 1836?
Answer: 6,642

Question: What was the reason the Allen brothers purchased land in 1836?
Answer: founding a city

Question: Who did the Allen brothers name the city they founded after?
Answer: Sam Houston

Question: In what year was Sam Houston elected President of Texas?
Answer: 1836

Question: Who bought land along Buffalo Bayou to build a city?
Answer: Allen brothers

Question: How much land did the Allen brothers buy?
Answer: 6,642 acres

Question: After which famous general was the city named?
Answer: Sam Houston

Question: In 1860 what percentage of the city's population was slaves?
Answer: forty-nine percent

Question: How much did the slave population of Houston increase from 1850 to 1860?
Answer: tripled
Title: Houston

When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field, initially built during World War I, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators. The Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence. Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years.

Question: What event cause shipping activities to be suspended?
Answer: World War II

Question: Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were built due to the demand for what items during the war?
Answer: petroleum and synthetic rubber products

Question: When was Ellington Field built?
Answer: during World War I

Question: When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded?
Answer: 1942

Question: What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?
Answer: non-discrimination for defense contractors

Question: What kind of refineries were built along the Houston ship channel?
Answer: Petrochemical

Question: To fill what type of demand were refineries built?
Answer: petroleum and synthetic rubber

Question: What world event caused this increased need for petrochemicals?
Answer: World War II

Question: Why did thousands of new workers flock to Houston?
Answer: defense jobs

Question: Which president created a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors?
Answer: President Roosevelt
Title: Houston

One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.

Question: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?
Answer: 1986

Question: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?
Answer: the nationwide recession

Question: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?
Answer: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry

Question: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?
Answer: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s

Question: What caused population growth to decline  in the 1980s?
Answer: oil prices fell

Question: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?
Answer: 2000s

Question: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?
Answer: aerospace and health care

Question: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?
Answer: late 1980s

Question: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?
Answer: Space Shuttle Challenger
Title: Houston

Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.

Question: What materials are underpinning the land surface of Houston?
Answer: unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands

Question: Houston's geology was formed from river deposits from the erosion of what mountains?
Answer: Rocky Mountains

Question: The sand and clay deposited onto decaying marine matter transformed into what?
Answer: oil and natural gas

Question: What is halite?
Answer: a rock salt

Question: What type of farming is Houston's surface soil good for?
Answer: rice farming

Question: Besides sands, what are the foundations of Houston's land?
Answer: clays

Question: How deep are the clay and sands foundations of Houston?
Answer: several miles

Question: What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath Houston?
Answer: erosion of the Rocky Mountains

Question: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?
Answer: rice

Question: What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?
Answer: oil and natural gas
Title: Houston

In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.

Question: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?
Answer: mid-rise office structures

Question: When were skyscrapers first built in Houston?
Answer: throughout the 1970s

Question: What is the tallest building in Texas?
Answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

Question: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
Answer: 1,002-foot

Question: What is the second tallest building in Houston?
Answer: Wells Fargo Plaza

Question: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?
Answer: Gerald D. Hines

Question: What was the highest building in Houston completed in 1982?
Answer: JPMorgan Chase Tower

Question: What was the original name of the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
Answer: Texas Commerce Tower

Question: What is the Chase Tower rated as in height in Texas?
Answer: tallest structure in Texas

Question: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?
Answer: 43 million square feet
Title: Houston

In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations. Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.

Question: Houston ranked 3rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?
Answer: Best Places for Business and Careers

Question: How many offices have been established in Houston by foreign governments?
Answer: 92

Question: How many foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices in Houston?
Answer: Forty

Question: How many foreign banks operate in Houston?
Answer: Twenty-five

Question: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?
Answer: 13

Question: When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?
Answer: 2006

Question: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?
Answer: third in the U.S

Question: How many consular offices does Houston have?
Answer: 92

Question: How many foreign countries have trade offices in Houston?
Answer: Forty

Question: How many nations do the twenty-five foreign banks represent?
Answer: 13
Title: Houston

Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.

Question: What is the largest annual event held in Houston?
Answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

Question: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?
Answer: 20 days

Question: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?
Answer: the end of June

Question: What is some other annual events held in Houston?
Answer: Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival

Question: What art festival held in Houston is one of the top 5 in the US?
Answer: the Bayou City Art Festival

Question: What event is the longest running in Houston?
Answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

Question: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?
Answer: March

Question: When is the Houston Pride Parade held?
Answer: end of June

Question: What form of car parade is held in Houston?
Answer: Art Car Parade

Question: Where does the Bayou City Art Festival rank in U.S. art festivals?
Answer: one of the top five
Title: Houston

Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States. Wet'n'Wild SplashTown is a water park located north of Houston.

Question: What does Houston have the most of compared to other large US cities?
Answer: parks and green space

Question: How many acres of land does Houston's green spaces cover?
Answer: 19,600

Question: Who manages Houston's green spaces?
Answer: the city

Question: What is one of the largest skate parks in Texas?
Answer: The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark

Question: Who ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the US?
Answer: Walk Score

Question: How many acres of parks does Houston have?
Answer: 56,405 acres

Question: After whom is the Houston skate park named?
Answer: Joe Jamail

Question: Who owns and runs the skate park in Houston?
Answer: city of Houston

Question: For whom was the Uptown District water park in Houston named?
Answer: Gerald D. Hines

Question: How does Houston rank as a walkable city?
Answer: 23rd
Title: Houston

The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.

Question: Who is the current mayor of Houston?
Answer: Sylvester Turner

Question: What form of government does Houston have?
Answer: strong mayoral form of municipal government

Question: Who are Houston's elected officials?
Answer: the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council

Question: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?
Answer: the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative

Question: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?
Answer: seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced

Question: What is the form of city  government in Houston?
Answer: strong mayoral

Question: What type of municipal elections are held in Texas?
Answer: nonpartisan

Question: Besides the mayor and controller, how many members are there on the city council?
Answer: 16

Question: Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?
Answer: Sylvester Turner

Question: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned? 
Answer: Democrat
Title: Houston

The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7). KUHF is news/talk radio and KUHA is a classical music station. The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston.

Question: What was the first public television station in the US?
Answer: KUHT (HoustonPBS)

Question: How is Houston Public Radio funded?
Answer: listener-funded

Question: Houston Public Radio us comprised of how many stations?
Answer: two NPR member stations

Question: What stations comprise Houston Public Radio?
Answer: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7)

Question: Who owns the KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA stations?
Answer: The University of Houston

Question: Which of Houston's television stations was the first public television station in the U.S.?
Answer: KUHT

Question: What kind of radio station is KUHF?
Answer: news/talk radio

Question: What type of radio station is KUHA?
Answer: classical music

Question: Where is the Melcher Center located?
Answer: University of Houston

Question: From what building do the two public radio stations broadcast?
Answer: Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting
Title: Houston

Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the United States.

Question: Where is Houston located?
Answer: in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico

Question: Where is Houston ranked among the most populous cities in the US?
Answer: fourth

Question: What was the population of Houston in 2014?
Answer: 2.239 million people

Question: What is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the US?
Answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land

Question: What is Houston the principle city of?
Answer: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land

Question: What is the most populous city in Texas?
Answer: Houston

Question: How does Houston rank as to population in the U.S.?
Answer: fourth

Question: According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston?
Answer: 2.239 million

Question: Houston is located in which Texas county?
Answer: Harris County

Question: What is the land are of the City of Houston?
Answer: 599.6 square miles
Title: Houston

By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

Question: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860? 
Answer: cotton

Question: What type of roads converged in Houston?
Answer: rail lines

Question: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?
Answer: General John Bankhead Magruder

Question: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?
Answer: Battle of Galveston

Question: What was Houston known for by 1890?
Answer: railroad center of Texas
Title: Houston

In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States. In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike. As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.

Question: What event caused 2.5 million people to evacuate through Houston?
Answer: Hurricane Rita

Question: The evacuation of the Gulf coast before Hurricane Rita was what type of evacuation?
Answer: largest urban evacuation

Question: How many people evacuated to Houston after Hurricane Katrina?
Answer: 150,000

Question: Fearing traffic problems, how many people refused to leave Galveston before Hurricane Ike?
Answer: forty percent

Question: When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?
Answer: September 2008
Title: Houston

Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

Question: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?
Answer: Houston

Question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?
Answer: mandatory lot size

Question: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?
Answer: affordable housing

Question: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?
Answer: real estate crisis

Question: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?
Answer: 42,697
Title: Houston

The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines:

Question: Of what is Houston a center?
Answer: oilfield equipment

Question: What has the Houston ship channel served to promote into success?
Answer: petrochemical complex

Question: Where does the Port of Houston rank in international commerce?
Answer: first

Question: Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports?
Answer: tenth

Question: What lines begin or end in Houston?
Answer: pipelines