rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the "eolomelodicon", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his "wealth of musical ideas".

Question: During what years did Frédéric visit the Warsaw Lyceum for lessons?
Answer: 1823 to 1826

Question: Who was Frédéric a student of involving music theory starting in 1826?
Answer: Józef Elsner

Question: What was the name of the mechanical organ Frédéric performed on during 1825?
Answer: eolomelodicon

Question: Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts?
Answer: Alexander I

Question: On what date was Frédéric's first performance that earned international esteem?
Answer: 10 June 1825

Question: Who taught Chopin to play the organ?
Answer: Wilhelm Würfel

Question: Chopin had three years of lessons with whom?
Answer: Józef Elsner

Question: What instrument did Chopin play in front of Tsar Alexander I?
Answer: eolomelodicon

Question: What gift did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?
Answer: diamond ring

Question: What was the first of Chopin's works to gain international renown? 
Answer: Rondo Op. 1

Question: Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ?
Answer: Wilhelm Würfel

Question: What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826?
Answer: Józef Elsner

Question: What is th ename of the mechanical organ Chopin played in 1825?
Answer: eolomelodicon

Question: What did Tsar Alexander I give to Chopin?
Answer: a diamond ring.

Question: What is the title of his first commercially successful work?
Answer: Rondo Op. 1.
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift.

Question: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his visit of Szafarnia in 1824 and 1825?
Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski

Question: In which village did Frédéric first experience rural Polish folk music?
Answer: Szafarnia

Question: To whom did Frédéric write letters to during his stay in Szafarnia?
Answer: his family

Question: What did Frédéric write parodies of in his letters?
Answer: Warsaw newspapers

Question: During his vacation in 1824 and 1825 who did Chopin spend his vacation with?
Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski

Question: What type of music did Chopin discover for the first time while staying in Szafarnia?
Answer: Polish rural folk music

Question: What was the name of the person who hosted Chopin as a guest when he discovered Polish rural folk music?
Answer: Dominik Dziewanowski

Question: What was the title chopin gave of some spoof letters he wrote?
Answer: The Szafarnia Courier

Question: Where did Chopin spend his vacation in 1824 and 1825?
Answer: Szafarnia
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]

Question: During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?
Answer: 1827

Question: What street did Frédéric's family move to after the death of his youngest sister?
Answer: Krakowskie Przedmieście

Question: What year did Frédéric leave Warsaw after moving with his family to the south annex of Krasiński Palace?
Answer: 1830

Question: What did the Chopin's family business become in the 20th century?
Answer: a museum

Question: Which artist created the first known portrait of Frédéric?
Answer: Ambroży Mieroszewski

Question: What year did Chopin's sister Emilia die?
Answer: 1827

Question: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?
Answer: 1830

Question: What was the Chopin family's business?
Answer: boarding house for male students

Question: What artist painted the Chopin family?
Answer: Ambroży Mieroszewski

Question: Who in Chopin's family died shortly before they moved in 1827?
Answer: sister Emilia

Question: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?
Answer: 1830

Question: What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?
Answer: Chopin Family Parlour

Question: What artist made portraits of the Chopin family in 1829?
Answer: Ambroży Mieroszewski

Question: Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?
Answer: male
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, Józef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki. He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska. In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight." His final Conservatory report (July 1829) read: "Chopin F., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius."

Question: Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?
Answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

Question: Which singer was cited specifically as someone Frédéric was attracted to?
Answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

Question: What four boys from his family's boarding house became friends with Chopin?
Answer: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

Question: Which singer did Chopin become fascinated with?
Answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

Question: Which of Chopin's works was unknowingly dedicated to Gladkowska?
Answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

Question: When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?
Answer: July 1829

Question: Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?
Answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

Question: What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?
Answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

Question: To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?
Answer: Tytus Woyciechowski

Question: What musical piece had a Larghetto dedicated to the female singing student Chopin was infatuated with?
Answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

Question: How many boarders of his family's boarding house became intimate friends with Chopin?
Answer: Four
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3.

Question: Who did Frédéric visit Berlin with in September 1828?
Answer: Feliks Jarocki

Question: Which opera director did Frédéric see works of during his stay in Berlin?
Answer: Gaspare Spontini

Question: Who was Frédéric a guest of during his stay in Berlin in 1829?
Answer: Prince Antoni Radziwiłł

Question: What piece did Frédéric create specifically for the prince and the prince's daughter, Wanda?
Answer: Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3

Question: When did Chopin visit Berlin?
Answer: September 1828

Question: With whom did Chopin go to Berlin?
Answer: Feliks Jarocki

Question: While in Berlin he saw the operatic work of who?
Answer: Gaspare Spontini

Question: In 1829 on a trip back to Berlin Chopin was a guest of who?
Answer: Prince Antoni Radziwiłł

Question: What piece did Chopin create for Prince Antoni?
Answer: Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3

Question: What year did Chopin visit Berlin while still a student?
Answer: 1828

Question: Who did Chopin go to Berlin with?
Answer: Feliks Jarocki

Question: What did the person who Chopin went with to Berlin do for his work?
Answer: zoologist

Question: Who directed the operas they enjoyed in Berlin?
Answer: Gaspare Spontini

Question: What year did Chopin return to Berlin?
Answer: 1829
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory, he made his debut in Vienna. He gave two piano concerts and received many favourable reviews—in addition to some commenting (in Chopin's own words) that he was "too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists". In one of these concerts, he premiered his Variations on Là ci darem la mano, Op. 2 (variations on an aria from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni) for piano and orchestra. He returned to Warsaw in September 1829, where he premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 on 17 March 1830.

Question: What did Frédéric compose after hearing Niccolò Paganini perform on the violin?
Answer: Souvenir de Paganini

Question: During what month did Frédéric make his first appearance in Vienna?
Answer: August

Question: How many piano concerts did Frédéric perform in Vienna during this time?
Answer: two

Question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance of Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21?
Answer: 17 March 1830

Question: What did Chopin compose after hearing Niccolo Paganini?
Answer: Souvenir de Paganini

Question: Where did Chopin debut after completing his studies?
Answer: Vienna

Question: What piece did Chopin debut after returning to Warsaw?
Answer: Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21

Question: When did Chopin return to Warsaw?
Answer: September 1829

Question: Why did some critics say that Chopin was too delicate?
Answer: accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists

Question: Who did Chopin hear play violin in 1829 that prompted him to write a composisition?
Answer: Niccolò Paganini

Question: Where did Chopin make his debut after completing his education?
Answer: Vienna

Question: How many public performances did Chopin do where he made his debut after completing his education?
Answer: two

Question: How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut?
Answer: three
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure." When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland."

Question: On what date did Frédéric begin his journey into Western Europe?
Answer: 2 November 1830

Question: Which country did Frédéric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?
Answer: Austria

Question: In what year did his companion Woyciechowski depart to Poland to enlist for the uprising in Warsaw?
Answer: 1830

Question: What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?
Answer: Zdzisław Jachimecki

Question: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"
Answer: Zdzisław Jachimecki

Question: Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?
Answer: Woyciechowski

Question: Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?
Answer: Italy

Question: Woyciechowski left Chopin to enlist in what?
Answer: the November 1830 Uprising

Question: What geographicla region was opened for Chopin due to his composing and performances?
Answer: western Europe

Question: When Chopin started to take his music to the world, what is the last name of the person who went with him to Austria?
Answer: Woyciechowski

Question: What year did the uprising begin in Warsaw?
Answer: 1830

Question: What were the words Chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick?
Answer: "I curse the moment of my departure."

Question: What year did Chopin learn that the uprising in Warsaw was crushed?
Answer: 1831
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.

Question: What event was Frédéric a part of when he arrived in Paris during the later part of September in 1831?
Answer: the Polish Great Emigration

Question: What version of Frédéric's birth name did he begin using after arriving in France?
Answer: French

Question: In what year did Frédéric officially acquire French citizenship?
Answer: 1835

Question: What were the two kinds of relationships stated as Frédéric having with his fellow Poland natives in exile?
Answer: friends and confidants

Question: What nationality is stated as the one Frédéric felt most identified by?
Answer: Polish

Question: When did Chopin reach Paris?
Answer: September 1831

Question: By not going back to Poland Chopin became part of what?
Answer: Polish Great Emigration

Question: In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?
Answer: 1835

Question: What is the name of Chopin's biographer?
Answer: Adam Zamoyski

Question: After 1831, what country did Chopin never return to?
Answer: Poland

Question: What country's passport did he have from 1835?
Answer: France

Question: What language was Chopin never completely at ease speaking?
Answer: French

Question: What biographer of Chopin wrote that Chopin never considered himself French?
Answer: Adam Zamoyski

Question: Due to the numbers of expatriates of Poland after the uprising, what did it become to be known as?
Answer: Polish Great Emigration
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny. Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.

Question: In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?
Answer: Paris

Question: Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?
Answer: Adam Mickiewicz

Question: What did Frédéric create from verses of the poet Adam Mickiewicz?
Answer: songs

Question: What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?
Answer: Adam Mickiewicz

Question: What people did Chopin meet while in Paris?
Answer: Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny

Question: What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?
Answer: Adam Mickiewicz

Question: What position did the poet who Chopin knew in Paris hold?
Answer: principal of the Polish Literary Society
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and "gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life." Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's "general factotum and copyist".

Question: Which friend of Frédéric failed to achieve success in England?
Answer: Julian Fontana

Question: Who was Frédéric's trusted adviser while in Paris?
Answer: Albert Grzymała

Question: What familial role was Albert Grzymała compared to in regards to Frédéric?
Answer: elder brother

Question: Who is stated as a jack of all trades in service to Frédéric?
Answer: Julian Fontana

Question: What nationality were the two friends who served as a pivotal influence in Frédéric's life while in Paris?
Answer: Polish

Question: Julian Fontana tried to find his way where before moving to Paris?
Answer: England

Question: Where did Julian Fontana fail to get established?
Answer: England

Question: Who did Chopin know that became rich in Paris?
Answer: Albert Grzymała

Question: Which friend of Chopin became like an older brother to him?
Answer: Albert Grzymała

Question: Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?
Answer: Julian Fontana

Question: Where were Chopin and Fontana students together?
Answer: Warsaw Conservatory
Title: Frédéric_Chopin

At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius." On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: "Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ..." After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.

Question: Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?
Answer: Robert Schumann

Question: On what date did Frédéric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?
Answer: 26 February 1832

Question: What is stated as a hindrance for Frédéric's ability to perform in large concert spaces?
Answer: intimate keyboard technique

Question: Who did Frédéric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works?
Answer: his father

Question: From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?
Answer: Robert Schumann

Question: When did Chopin debut at Salle Pleyel ?
Answer: 26 February 1832

Question: What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?
Answer: Rothschild

Question: When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement from Robert Schumann?
Answer: 1831

Question: What did Chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in Paris?
Answer: keyboard technique

Question: Once Chopin stopped performing concerts, how did he earn his income?
Answer: publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students