rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Steven_Spielberg

Spielberg's films often deal with several recurring themes. Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances. In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extra terrestrial life and how it has influenced some of his films. Spielberg described himself as feeling like an alien during childhood, and his interest came from his father, a science fiction fan, and his opinion that aliens would not travel light years for conquest, but instead curiosity and sharing of knowledge.

Question: What theme is common to Spielberg's films?
Answer: ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances

Question: When in his life did Spielberg 'feel like an alien'?
Answer: during childhood

Question: When did Spielberg give an interview saying he had 'felt like an alien'?
Answer: August 2000

Question: Why does Spielberg think aliens would visit?
Answer: curiosity and sharing of knowledge

Question: Which of Spielberg's parents liked sci-fi?
Answer: his father
Title: Steven_Spielberg

A strong consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike, even naïve, sense of wonder and faith, as attested by works such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG. According to Warren Buckland, these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots, which have become one of Spielberg's directing trademarks. In the cases when his films include children (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park, etc.), this type of shot is more apparent, but it is also used in films like Munich, Saving Private Ryan, The Terminal, Minority Report, and Amistad. If one views each of his films, one will see this shot utilized by the director, notably the water scenes in Jaws are filmed from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming. Another child oriented theme in Spielberg's films is that of loss of innocence and coming-of-age. In Empire of the Sun, Jim, a well-groomed and spoiled English youth, loses his innocence as he suffers through World War II China. Similarly, in Catch Me If You Can, Frank naively and foolishly believes that he can reclaim his shattered family if he accumulates enough money to support them.

Question: Which Spielberg films are examples of a childlike sense of wonder?
Answer: Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG

Question: What camera style does Spielberg often use?
Answer: low height camera tracking shots

Question: What are some Spielberg films that included kids?
Answer: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park

Question: How were the water scenes in Jaws filmed?
Answer: from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming

Question: Who is naive in 'Catch Me if You Can'?
Answer: Frank
Title: Steven_Spielberg

The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son "self reliance," which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders.

Question: What was Indy's father's career?
Answer: professor of medieval literature

Question: What artifact did Indy's father focus on?
Answer: the Holy Grail

Question: What is Spielberg's most common theme?
Answer: tension in parent-child relationships

Question: Whose son disappeared in 'Minority Report'?
Answer: John Anderton

Question: Whose parents divorced in 'Catch Me If You Can'?
Answer: Frank Abagnale
Title: Steven_Spielberg

In terms of casting and production itself, Spielberg has a known penchant for working with actors and production members from his previous films. For instance, he has cast Richard Dreyfuss in several films: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always. Aside from his role as Indiana Jones, Spielberg also cast Harrison Ford as a headteacher in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (though the scene was ultimately cut). Although Spielberg directed veteran voice actor Frank Welker only once (in Raiders of the Lost Ark, for which he voiced many of the animals), Welker has lent his voice in a number of productions Spielberg has executive produced from Gremlins to its sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch, as well as The Land Before Time, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and television shows such as Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV. Spielberg has used Tom Hanks on several occasions and has cast him in Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies. Spielberg has collaborated with Tom Cruise twice on Minority Report and War of the Worlds, and cast Shia LaBeouf in five films: Transformers, Eagle Eye, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

Question: Which Spielberg films has Dreyfuss been in?
Answer: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always

Question: Who was Ford going to play in E.T., until the scene was removed?
Answer: a headteacher

Question: Which Spielberg TV shows has Frank Welker been a voice actor for?
Answer: Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV

Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Hanks been in?
Answer: Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies

Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Cruise been in?
Answer: Minority Report and War of the Worlds
Title: Steven_Spielberg

Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial). Most of the DVDs of Spielberg's films have documentaries by Laurent Bouzereau.

Question: Which film did Kathleen Kennedy first work with Spielberg on?
Answer: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

Question: Which childhood friend worked on Spielberg's films?
Answer: Allen Daviau

Question: Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?
Answer: Schindler's List

Question: Which film did Daviau first work with Spielberg on?
Answer: Amblin

Question: Which film did Kahn first work with Spielberg on?
Answer: Close Encounters
Title: Steven_Spielberg

A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

Question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?
Answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

Question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?
Answer: they ride into the sunset

Question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?
Answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

Question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?
Answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp
Title: Steven_Spielberg

Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend," she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295

Question: Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?
Answer: Amy Irving

Question: What was Amy Irving's career?
Answer: actress

Question: Who introduced Irving to Spielberg?
Answer: Brian De Palma

Question: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?
Answer: "bachelor funky"

Question: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?
Answer: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"
Title: Steven_Spielberg

As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They agreed to maintain homes near each other as to facilitate the shared custody and parenting of their son.:403 Their divorce was recorded as the third most costly celebrity divorce in history.

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving initially break up?
Answer: 1979

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving get back together?
Answer: 1984

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving marry?
Answer: November 1985

Question: When did Spielberg and Irving divorce?
Answer: 1989

Question: How expensive was Spielberg and Irving's divorce?
Answer: third most costly celebrity divorce in history
Title: Steven_Spielberg

In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. At the end of the 20th century, Life named him the most influential person of his generation. In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.

Question: In which Olympics was Spielberg a flagbearer?
Answer: 2002 Winter Olympic Games

Question: Where was Spielberg an Olympic flagbearer?
Answer: Salt Lake City

Question: How did Time Magazine recognize Spielberg?
Answer: one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century

Question: What honorary degree did Spielberg receive from Boston University?
Answer: Doctor of Humane Letters

Question: How did Life Magazine recognize Spielberg?
Answer: the most influential person of his generation
Title: Steven_Spielberg

According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing "how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both." Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."

Question: When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?
Answer: 2014

Question: How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?
Answer: 47%

Question: Who is Gerry Philpott?
Answer: president of E-Poll Market Research

Question: How did Spielberg influence the public's behavior?
Answer: many will think for a second before going into the water this summer
Title: Steven_Spielberg

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

Question: When was Citizen Kane released?
Answer: 1941

Question: When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast?
Answer: 1938

Question: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?
Answer: 1982

Question: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?
Answer: 1994

Question: What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys?
Answer: donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation
Title: Steven_Spielberg

Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games, calling them intrusive, and feels making story flow naturally into the gameplay is a challenge for future game developers.

Question: What was the first video game Spielberg played?
Answer: Pong

Question: When did Spielberg first play a video game?
Answer: 1974

Question: What movie was Spielberg working on when he first played Pong?
Answer: Jaws

Question: What game consoles does Spielberg own?
Answer: a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360

Question: How does Spielberg feel about cutscenes in games?
Answer: intrusive
Title: Steven_Spielberg

Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

Question: What Boy Scout merit badge did Spielberg help develop?
Answer: cinematography

Question: Which Spielberg movie showed its main character was a Boy Scout?
Answer: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Question: What was Indy's rank in Boy Scouts when shown in a movie?
Answer: Life Scout

Question: Which major Spielberg movie character was a Boy Scout?
Answer: Indiana Jones

Question: When was Spielberg's merit badge launched?
Answer: 1989
Title: Steven_Spielberg

In 2004 he was admitted as knight of the Légion d'honneur by president Jacques Chirac. On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was also awarded the Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Summer Gala of the Chicago International Film Festival, and also was awarded a Kennedy Center honour on December 3. The tribute to Spielberg featured a short, filmed biography narrated by Tom Hanks and included thank-yous from World War II veterans for Saving Private Ryan, as well as a performance of the finale to Leonard Bernstein's Candide, conducted by John Williams (Spielberg's frequent composer).[citation needed]

Question: What award did Spielberg receive on Jul 15, 2006?
Answer: Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award

Question: Who made Spielberg a knight?
Answer: Jacques Chirac

Question: Where was Spielberg honored on Dec 3, 2006?
Answer: Kennedy Center

Question: Who narrated a short Spielberg bio at the Kennedy Center?
Answer: Tom Hanks
Title: Steven_Spielberg

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors. In November 2007, he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009. He was set to be honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the January 2008 Golden Globes; however, the new, watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike, the HFPA postponed his honor to the 2009 ceremony. In 2008, Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur.

Question: When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame?
Answer: 2005

Question: When did the Visual Effects Society give Spielberg a Lifetime Achievement Award?
Answer: February 2009

Question: When did Spielberg win the Cecil B. DeMille Award?
Answer: 2009

Question: Why was Spielberg's Cecil B. DeMille Award postponed from 2008?
Answer: watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike
Title: Elevator

Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

Question: For which industry were elevators first used?
Answer: coal mines

Question: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by?
Answer: steam power

Question: What were elevators originally built for?
Answer: moving goods in bulk in mines and factories

Question: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?
Answer: Burton and Hormer

Question: The "ascending room" gave customers a view of what city's downtown?
Answer: London
Title: Elevator

The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus.

Question: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?
Answer: Sir William Armstrong

Question: Were was the hydraulic crane initially used?
Answer: Tyneside docks

Question: In what manner did hydraulic cranes employ Pascal's law? 
Answer: they provided a much greater force

Question: The water pump supplied water pressure to a plunger located where?
Answer: encased inside a vertical cylinder

Question: besides water pressure, what else was used to increase the lifting power?
Answer: Counterweights and balances
Title: Elevator

In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.

Question: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?
Answer: Gaetano Genovese

Question: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?
Answer: Royal Palace of Caserta

Question: What type of wood was used on the inside ?
Answer: maple

Question: What controlled the traction?
Answer: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels

Question: What did the safety system consist of?
Answer: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring