rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for the public competition for Downing College, Cambridge that announced the Greek style was to be the dominant idiom in architecture. Wilkins and Robert Smirke went on to build some of the most important buildings of the era, including the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1808–09), the General Post Office (1824–29) and the British Museum (1823–48), Wilkins University College London (1826–30) and the National Gallery (1832–38). In Scotland, Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), in collaboration with the artists Andrew Wilson (1780–1848) and Hugh William Williams (1773–1829) created monuments and buildings of international significance; the Burns Monument at Alloway (1818) and the (Royal) High School in Edinburgh (1823–29).

Question: Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?
Answer: William Wilkins

Question: What monument was created in 1818?
Answer: Burns Monument at Alloway

Question: When was the General Post Office built?
Answer: 1824–29

Question: In what year was the British Museum built?
Answer: 1823–48

Question: When was the National Gallery constructed?
Answer: 1832–38
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The style corresponds to the more bourgeois Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, the Regency style in Britain, and the Napoleonstil in Sweden. According to the art historian Hugh Honour "so far from being, as is sometimes supposed, the culmination of the Neo-classical movement, the Empire marks its rapid decline and transformation back once more into a mere antique revival, drained of all the high-minded ideas and force of conviction that had inspired its masterpieces".

Question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?
Answer: more grandiose

Question: What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style?
Answer: Napoleon I

Question: What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain?
Answer: Regency

Question: In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what?
Answer: Federal style
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs were flatter and tended to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.

Question: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?
Answer: Late Baroque architecture

Question: What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?
Answer: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes

Question: In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?
Answer: isolated rather than interpenetrating

Question: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?
Answer: international movement
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design. Ancient façades and building layouts were oriented to these city design patterns and they tended to work in proportion with the importance of public buildings.

Question: What ancient civilization utilized neoclassicism in city planning?
Answer: ancient Romans

Question: What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?
Answer: grid system

Question: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
Answer: very logical and orderly
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra and Baalbec. A combination of simple forms and high levels of enrichment was adopted by the majority of contemporary British architects and designers. The revolution begun by Stuart was soon to be eclipsed by the work of the Adam Brothers, James Wyatt, Sir William Chambers, George Dance, James Gandon and provincially based architects such as John Carr and Thomas Harrison of Chester.

Question: What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century?
Answer: Ancient Greco-Roman ideal

Question: What were Robert Wood's influential Greek monuments from mid 18th century?
Answer: Palmyra and Baalbec

Question: Who began the revolution of Greek influenced architecture in Britain?
Answer: James 'Athenian' Stuart

Question: What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?
Answer: Adam Brothers
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass & Hope and Percy Thomas were among those who designed public buildings in the neoclassical style in the interwar period. In the British Raj in India, Sir Edwin Lutyens' monumental city planning for New Delhi marked the sunset of neoclassicism. In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair. The works of Cuthbert Brodrick and Alexander Thomson show that by the end of the 19th century the results could be powerful and eccentric.

Question: What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design?
Answer: Albert Richardson

Question: In what period did Percy Thomas design public building in neoclassical?
Answer: interwar period

Question: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?
Answer: New Delhi

Question: What new design was trending after neoclassical?
Answer: Gothic Revival
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the two phases might be characterized first by the structures of Robert Adam, the second by those of Sir John Soane. The interior style in France was initially a Parisian style, the "Goût grec" ("Greek style") not a court style. Only when the young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, bring the "Louis XVI" style to court.

Question: What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?
Answer: Louis XVI style

Question: France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what?
Answer: Directoire and "Empire"

Question: What architect typifies the first style of neoclassical in England?
Answer: Robert Adam

Question: Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?
Answer: Sir John Soane

Question: Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?
Answer: Marie Antoinette
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that sought to discern the principles of the Greeks instead of their mere practices. It would take until Laboustre's Neo-Grec of the second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France.

Question: What is the earliest example of Greek architecture in France?
Answer: Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80

Question: How concerned was France with Greek architecture?
Answer: Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French

Question: Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
Answer: Laboustre

Question: In which wave of neoclassical was the greek revival in France?
Answer: second Empire
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Moreau is the garden façade of the Esterházy Palace (1797–1805) in Kismarton (today Eisenstadt in Austria). The two principal architect of Neoclassicism in Hungary was Mihály Pollack and József Hild. Pollack's major work is the Hungarian National Museum (1837–1844). Hild is famous for his designs for the Cathedral of Eger and Esztergom.

Question: In what town is the oldest neoclassical architecture in Hungary?
Answer: Vác

Question: What French architect designed important neoclassical structures in 1760s?
Answer: Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval

Question: Who designed the Esterhazy Palace?
Answer: Charles Moreau

Question: Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom?
Answer: József Hild
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of British rule in the early 19th century. In 1814, a neoclassical portico decorated with the British coat of arms was added to the Main Guard building so as to serve as a symbol of British Malta. Other 19th century neoclassical buildings include RNH Bighi (1832), St Paul's Pro-Cathedral (1844), the Rotunda of Mosta (1860) and the now destroyed Royal Opera House (1866).

Question: When was Malta introduced to neoclassical architecture?
Answer: late 18th century

Question: What was the ruler at the time of neoclassical introduction?
Answer: Hospitaller

Question: When was RNH Bighi built?
Answer: 1832

Question: In what year did the St Paul's Pro-Cathedral get built? 
Answer: 1844
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.

Question: In what are of architecture is neoclassical currently classed?
Answer: New Classical Architecture

Question: What is the term for sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture?
Answer: Traditional Architecture

Question: What is another name for New Classical Architecture?
Answer: Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism

Question: What is the award for major contributions to traditional of classical architecture in 21st century?
Answer: The Driehaus Architecture Prize
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the dominance of Modernism. While some continued to work with classicism as ironic, some architects such as Thomas Gordon Smith, began to consider classicism seriously. While some schools had interest in classical architecture, such as the University of Virginia, no school was purely dedicated to classical architecture. In the early 1990s a program in classical architecture was started by Smith and Duncan Stroik at the University of Notre Dame that continues successfully. Programs at the University of Miami, Andrews University, Judson University and The Prince's Foundation for Building Community have trained a number of new classical architects since this resurgence. Today one can find numerous buildings embracing neoclassical style, since a generation of architects trained in this discipline shapes urban planning.

Question: When was the lull in neoclassical architecture?
Answer: roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s

Question: What is the movement that caused resurgence of neoclassicism?
Answer: New Urbanism

Question: Many post modern designs feature classic elements in what way?
Answer: ironic

Question: What recent architect began to take elements of classicism seriously?
Answer: Thomas Gordon Smith
Title: Neoclassical_architecture

In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the latter case. Recently, Prince Charles came under controversy for promoting a classically designed development on the land of the former Chelsea Barracks in London. Writing to the Qatari Royal family (who were funding the development through the property development company Qatari Diar) he condemned the accepted modernist plans, instead advocating a classical approach. His appeal was met with success and the plans were withdrawn. A new design by architecture house Dixon Jones is currently being drafted.

Question: Who has stirred controversy for development and design of Chelsea Barracks?
Answer: Prince Charles

Question: What family was funding the development of former Chelsea Barracks?
Answer: Qatari Royal family

Question: What new library illustrates the traditional style of neoclassicism?
Answer: Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College

Question: What is the name of the library that illustrates the unconventional style of neoclassical?
Answer: ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library

Question: Is neoclassical design current in Britain?
Answer: a number of architects are active in the neoclassical
Title: CBC_Television

On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.). Instead of the infomercials aired by most private stations, or a simulcast of CBC News Network in the style of BBC One's nightly simulcast of BBC News Channel, the CBC uses the time to air repeats, including local news, primetime series, movies and other programming from the CBC library. Its French counterpart, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, still signs off every night.

Question: Was CBC one of the first or last stations to adopt a 24 hour schedule?
Answer: last

Question: When did stations previously sign off the air?
Answer: early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.)

Question: What did private stations air when programming was not ticketed?
Answer: infomercials

Question: What does CBC use unallotted airtime for?
Answer: local news, primetime series, movies and other programming from the CBC library

Question: Which French station has refused to adopt a 24 hour schedule?
Answer: Ici Radio-Canada Télé
Title: CBC_Television

Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats. Since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, hit series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border helped the network achieve its strongest ratings performance in over half a decade.

Question: In what year did the network end American programming?
Answer: 1998

Question: What foreign programming is shown on the CBC after 1998?
Answer: a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats

Question: Which recent (2007-2008) shows helped the network regain popularity?
Answer: Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border
Title: CBC_Television

Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers. This was required by the CRTC as Rogers exercises editorial control and sells all advertising time during the HNIC broadcasts, even though the CBC bug and promos for other CBC Television programs appear throughout HNIC.

Question: Which company owns the rights to National Hockey League broadcasts?
Answer: Rogers Communications

Question: Where are affiliates of HNIC aired?
Answer: a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers

Question: Where are HNIC broadcasts aired?
Answer: on CBC-owned stations
Title: CBC_Television

The CBC's flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST and Saturdays at 6:00 p.m. EST. Until October 2006, CBC owned-and-operated stations aired a second broadcast of the program at 11:00 p.m.; this later broadcast included only the main news portion of the program, and excluded the analysis and documentary segment. This second airing was later replaced with other programming, and as of the 2012-13 television season, was replaced on CBC's major market stations by a half-hour late newscast. There is also a short news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings. During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada.

Question: What did the 11pm broadcast of The National omit?
Answer: analysis and documentary segment

Question: Which title is CBC's flagship newscast?
Answer: The National

Question: When did CBC discontinue its late-night broadcast of The National?
Answer: October 2006

Question: During hockey season, when does the late night news update occur?
Answer: during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada
Title: CBC_Television

In addition to the mentioned late local newscasts, CBC stations in most markets fill early evenings with local news programs, generally from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., while most stations also air a single local newscast on weekend evenings (comprising a supper hour broadcast on Saturdays and a late evening newscast on Sundays). Other newscasts include parts of CBC News Now airing weekday at 6:00 a.m. and noon. Weekly newsmagazine the fifth estate is also a CBC mainstay, as are documentary series such as Doc Zone.

Question: What times are generally reserved for local newscasts?
Answer: from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.

Question: When do most other stations view their local newscasts?
Answer: weekend evenings

Question: When does CBC News Now air?
Answer: weekday at 6:00 a.m. and noon
Title: CBC_Television

One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada. It has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, branded as Movie Night in Canada, on Saturday nights. Many cultural groups criticized this and suggested the CBC air games from minor hockey leagues; the CBC responded that most such broadcast rights were already held by other groups, but it did base each Movie Night broadcast from a different Canadian hockey venue. Other than hockey, CBC Sports properties include Toronto Raptors basketball, Toronto FC Soccer, and various other amateur and professional events.

Question: What year did HNIC begin being broadcasted on CBC?
Answer: 1952

Question: What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?
Answer: various recent and classic movies

Question: On what nights does CBC generally reserve broadcasting for hockey?
Answer: Saturday

Question: What did CBC call it's movie showings during the NHL Lockout?
Answer: Movie Night in Canada
Title: CBC_Television

It was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season. Due to disappointing results and fan outrage over many draws being carried on CBC Country Canada (now called Cottage Life Television, the association tried to cancel its multiyear deal with the CBC signed in 2004. After the CBC threatened legal action, both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN. On June 15, 2006, the CCA announced that TSN would obtain exclusive rights to curling broadcasts in Canada as of the 2008-09 season, shutting the CBC out of the championship weekend for the first time in 40-plus years.

Question: CBC was eclusive carrier of what other sport during the 2004-2005 season?
Answer: Curling

Question: What is CBC Country Canada now called?
Answer: Cottage Life Television

Question: Who became the new exclusive carrier of curling broadcasts during the 2008-2009 season?
Answer: TSN

Question: On what day was it announced CBC had lost exclusve rights to curling broadcasting?
Answer: June 15, 2006
Title: CBC_Television

Many were surprised by these changes to the CBC schedule, which were apparently intended to attract a younger audience to the network; some suggested they might alienate the core CBC viewership. Another note of criticism was made when the network decided to move The National in some time zones to simulcast the American version of The One over the summer. This later became a moot point, as The One was taken off the air after two weeks after extremely low American and Canadian ratings, and the newscast resumed its regular schedule.

Question: Which American newscast was taken off the air only two weeks after CBC began showing it?
Answer: The One

Question: Why did CBC move The National in some areas?
Answer: to simulcast the American version of The One over the summer

Question: For what purpose did CBC make significant changes to their broadcasting?
Answer: to attract a younger audience to the network