rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Somalis

Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and moral instruction, their strength rests on community support and their use of locally made and widely available teaching materials. The Qur'anic system, which teaches the greatest number of students relative to other educational sub-sectors, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. A study from 1993 found, among other things, that "unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children." To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated.

Question: What is another name for a Qur'anic school?
Answer: dugsi

Question: What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female?
Answer: 40

Question: What government body regulates Qur'anic education?
Answer: the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs
Title: Somalis

In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities.

Question: Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?
Answer: Toronto

Question: What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?
Answer: the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque

Question: Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?
Answer: droughts

Question: Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?
Answer: schools
Title: Somalis

In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond.

Question: Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential?
Answer: the Arabian Peninsula
Title: Somalis

The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye are all located in northern Somalia. Tradition holds this general area as an ancestral homeland of the Somali people.

Question: What is a basic social unit of Somali society?
Answer: clan

Question: In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?
Answer: northern

Question: Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan?
Answer: Hawiye
Title: Somalis

Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than those of their husbands; 30 (33.7%) were with women of surrounding clans of other clan families (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); and 3 (4.3%) were with women of other clans of the Darod clan family (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1).

Question: What practice is often used to bind different clans together?
Answer: marriage

Question: According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?
Answer: 3

Question: According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan?
Answer: 55

Question: To what clan family do the Ogaden belong?
Answer: Darod

Question: What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden?
Answer: 4.3%
Title: Somalis

In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.

Question: What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property?
Answer: 1975 Somali Family Law

Question: What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed?
Answer: the Somali Democratic Republic

Question: In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them?
Answer: equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce
Title: Somalis

Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.

Question: What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia?
Answer: Somalis

Question: What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?
Answer: 85%

Question: During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis?
Answer: 20th

Question: Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?
Answer: their seafaring tradition

Question: Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?
Answer: Kenya
Title: Somalis

Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America. In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations. Statistics Canada's 2006 census ranks people of Somali descent as the 69th largest ethnic group in Canada.

Question: What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country?
Answer: Civil strife

Question: Along with the Middle East and North America, to what continent did the Somali diaspora go in the 1990s?
Answer: Europe

Question: Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population?
Answer: Toronto

Question: As of 2006, where did Somalis rank in terms of population by ethnicity in Canada?
Answer: 69th
Title: Somalis

While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).

Question: About how many Somalis live in the UK?
Answer: 108,000

Question: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?
Answer: 78%

Question: As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?
Answer: 57,906

Question: In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?
Answer: 38,413

Question: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?
Answer: 16,721
Title: Somalis

In the United States, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Columbus, San Diego, Seattle, Washington, D.C., Houston, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Portland, Denver, Nashville, Green Bay, Lewiston, Portland, Maine and Cedar Rapids have the largest Somali populations.

Question: What country is Cedar Rapids located in?
Answer: the United States
Title: Somalis

An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services. Community-based video rental stores likewise carry the latest Somali films and music. The number of Somalis has especially surged in the Cedar-Riverside area of Minneapolis.

Question: Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?
Answer: Minneapolis

Question: About how many Somalis moved to Minnesota ten years ago?
Answer: 20,000

Question: What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?
Answer: Cedar-Riverside

Question: What is hawala?
Answer: money transfer services

Question: What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?
Answer: halal
Title: Somalis

There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet cafés, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' entrepreneurial spirit. Star African Air is also one of three Somali-owned airlines which are based in Dubai.

Question: In what Middle Eastern country is there a notable Somali population?
Answer: the United Arab Emirates

Question: What is another name for the city center of Dubai?
Answer: Deira

Question: People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis?
Answer: Iranians

Question: What is the name of an airline owned by Dubai-based Somalis?
Answer: Star African Air

Question: How many Dubai-based airlines are owned by Somalis?
Answer: three
Title: Somalis

Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province.

Question: Near what city in Sudan do many Somalis reside?
Answer: Khartoum

Question: In what geographical portion of Sudan do some Somalis live?
Answer: north

Question: Along with businesspeople, what sort of Somalis live in Sudan?
Answer: students

Question: In what Somali enclave in Kenya have Somalis invested over $1.5 billion?
Answer: Eastleigh

Question: In what province of South Africa do Somalis congregate?
Answer: Western Cape
Title: Somalis

The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900.

Question: What language family does the Somali language belong to?
Answer: Afro-Asiatic

Question: What branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family does the Somali language belong to?
Answer: Cushitic

Question: Along with Saho, what language is closely related to Somali?
Answer: Afar

Question: Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-documented?
Answer: Somali

Question: Before what year did studies on the Somali language exist?
Answer: 1900
Title: Somalis

The exact number of speakers of Somali is unknown. One source estimates that there are 7.78 million speakers of Somali in Somalia itself and 12.65 million speakers globally. The Somali language is spoken by ethnic Somalis in Greater Somalia and the Somali diaspora.

Question: About how many people in Somalia speak Somali?
Answer: 7.78 million

Question: In millions, about how many global Somali speakers are there?
Answer: 12.65

Question: Along with Greater Somalia ethnic Somalis, who speaks Somali?
Answer: the Somali diaspora
Title: Somalis

Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia.

Question: Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects?
Answer: Benaadir

Question: What dialect is Standard Somali based on?
Answer: Northern Somali

Question: What is another name for Benaadir?
Answer: Coastal Somali

Question: What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu?
Answer: Benaadir

Question: In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live?
Answer: southern
Title: Somalis

A number of writing systems have been used over the years for transcribing the language. Of these, the Somali alphabet is the most widely used, and has been the official writing script in Somalia since the government of former President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre formally introduced it in October 1972. The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing Somali include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad's writing. Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts, which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur and Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, respectively.

Question: What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?
Answer: the Somali alphabet

Question: Who introduced the Somali alphabet?
Answer: Mohamed Siad Barre

Question: In what month and year was the Somali alphabet introduced?
Answer: October 1972

Question: Who created the Somali alphabet?
Answer: Shire Jama Ahmed

Question: Who invented the Osmanya script?
Answer: Osman Yusuf Kenadid
Title: Somalis

In addition to Somali, Arabic, which is also an Afro-Asiatic tongue, is an official national language in both Somalia and Djibouti. Many Somalis speak it due to centuries-old ties with the Arab world, the far-reaching influence of the Arabic media, and religious education. Somalia and Djibouti are also both members of the Arab League.

Question: Other than Somali, what is an official language of Somalia?
Answer: Arabic

Question: To what language family does Arabic belong?
Answer: Afro-Asiatic

Question: In what neighboring country is Arabic also an official language?
Answer: Djibouti

Question: What organization do both Djibouti and Somalia belong to?
Answer: the Arab League

Question: For how long has Somalia had connections to the Arab world?
Answer: centuries
Title: Somalis

The culture of Somalia is an amalgamation of traditions developed independently and through interaction with neighbouring and far away civilizations, such as other parts of Northeast Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India and Southeast Asia.

Question: Civilizations from what geographic part of Africa influenced Somali culture?
Answer: Northeast

Question: Civilizations from what geographic part of Asia influenced Somali culture?
Answer: Southeast

Question: What Asian country notable influenced Somali culture?
Answer: India

Question: Along with Northeast Africa, Southeast Asia and India, what locale had a significant influence on Somali culture?
Answer: the Arabian Peninsula
Title: Somalis

The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a "Nation of Poets" and a "Nation of Bards" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.

Question: Somali food contains influences from what region?
Answer: Southeast Asian

Question: Along with textiles, wood carving and pottery, what ancient cultural activity still dominates Somalia today?
Answer: monumental architecture

Question: Who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?
Answer: Margaret Laurence

Question: Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?
Answer: Canadian

Question: What is the profession of the individual who referred to Somalia as a "Nation of Bards"?
Answer: novelist
Title: Somalis

All of these traditions, including festivals, martial arts, dress, literature, sport and games such as Shax, have immensely contributed to the enrichment of Somali heritage.

Question: What is a notable game that is played in Somalia?
Answer: Shax

Question: Along with sport, games, literature, dress and festivals, what is a notable Somali cultural tradition?
Answer: martial arts
Title: Somalis

Somalis have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional Somali folklore. Most Somali songs are pentatonic. That is, they only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale, such as the major scale. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or "voice").

Question: What scale is used by most Somali songs?
Answer: pentatonic

Question: How many notes are in a hepatonic scale?
Answer: seven

Question: What is an exaple of a hepatonic scale?
Answer: the major scale

Question: Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?
Answer: Sudan

Question: What does midho mean in English?
Answer: lyricists
Title: Somalis

Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution.

Question: In what decade were the first Somali feature films made?
Answer: 1960s

Question: In what year was the SFA founded?
Answer: 1975

Question: Who was the representative of the Somali Film Agency in Rome?
Answer: Ali Said Hassan

Question: What are riwaaydo?
Answer: popular musicals

Question: What was the name of Said Salah Ahmed's first feature?
Answer: The Somali Darwish
Title: Somalis

Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary. These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, wood carving and other genres. Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a result of the vestigial influence of the pre-Islamic mythology of the Somalis coupled with their ubiquitous Muslim beliefs. However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia. More typically, intricate patterns and geometric designs, bold colors and monumental architecture were the norm.

Question: What is a notable characteristic of Somali art?
Answer: aniconism

Question: Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?
Answer: music

Question: In what geographic region of Somalia are ancient rock paintings located?
Answer: northern

Question: What animals are depicted on the Mogadishan canopies?
Answer: birds

Question: In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?
Answer: southern
Title: Somalis

Additionally, henna is an important part of Somali culture. It is worn by Somali women on their hands, arms, feet and neck during weddings, Eid, Ramadan, and other festive occasions. Somali henna designs are similar to those in the Arabian peninsula, often featuring flower motifs and triangular shapes. The palm is also frequently decorated with a dot of henna and the fingertips are dipped in the dye. Henna parties are usually held before the wedding takes place. Somali women have likewise traditionally applied kohl (kuul) to their eyes. Usage of the eye cosmetic in the Horn region is believed to date to the ancient Land of Punt.

Question: What do Somali women wear on their feet during Eid?
Answer: henna

Question: Along with triangular shapes, what are common henna designs in Somalia?
Answer: flower motifs

Question: What do Somali women traditionally put around their eyes?
Answer: kohl

Question: From what ancient region did kuul application come?
Answer: Land of Punt

Question: What activity is often held before Somali weddings?
Answer: Henna parties
Title: Somalis

Football is the most popular sport amongst Somalis. Important competitions are the Somalia League and Somalia Cup. The multi-ethnic Ocean Stars, Somalia's national team, first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The equally diverse Somali beach soccer team also represents the country in international beach soccer competitions. In addition, several international footballers such as Mohammed Ahamed Jama, Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim have played in European top divisions.

Question: What sport do Somalis most enjoy?
Answer: Football

Question: What is the name of the Somali national football team?
Answer: Ocean Stars

Question: In what year did the Ocean Stars first compete in the Olympics?
Answer: 1972

Question: Along with Liban Abdi, Ayub Daud and Abdisalam Ibrahim, who is a notable Somali football player?
Answer: Mohammed Ahamed Jama

Question: Along with the Somalia Cup, what is an important Somali football competition?
Answer: the Somalia League