rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.

Question: What was the bureau's first task?
Answer: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution

Question: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing?
Answer: White Slave Traffic Act

Question: What was the other formal name of the Mann Act?
Answer: White Slave Traffic Act

Question: When was the Mann Act passed?
Answer: June 25, 1910

Question: When was the bureau renamed?
Answer: In 1932,
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them. In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram." It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.

Question: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?
Answer: 1950s and 1960s

Question: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?
Answer: communist ties

Question: Who did Hoover send an open letter denouncing?
Answer: Dr. T.R.M. Howard

Question: What agency had Dr. T.R.M. Howard criticized?
Answer: FBI

Question: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?
Answer: COINTELPRO
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

Question: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?
Answer: 1940s

Question: How many Nazis were arrested?
Answer: Eight

Question: What project broke Soviet codes?
Answer: the Venona project

Question: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?
Answer: CIA
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI's organized crime informant program "one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement." The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi, an FBI informant. Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison. Two of the four men died in prison after serving almost 30 years, and two others were released after serving 32 and 36 years. In July 2007, U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza. The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants.

Question: When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?
Answer: In 2003

Question: How many innocent men did the FBI allow to be convicted?
Answer: four

Question: What was the death sentence reduced to?
Answer: life in prison

Question: How many of the men died in prison?
Answer: Two

Question: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?
Answer: $100 million
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure that the three cases were successfully prosecuted. Justice Department investigations into the FBI's roles in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents were found to be obstructed by agents within the Bureau. During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was criticized for its investigation of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation.

Question: When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role?
Answer: Between 1993 and 1996

Question: What prompted the FBI increase in counter-terrorism?
Answer: World Trade Center bombing

Question: Where was the World Trade Center?
Answer: New York City, New York

Question: When was Oklahoma city bombed?
Answer: 1995

Question: What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?
Answer: obstructed
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. He made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime.

Question: What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?
Answer: Leonard W. Hatton Jr

Question: What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate?
Answer: South Tower

Question: What did the FBI's new director want?
Answer: re-engineering

Question: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?
Answer: countering every federal crime

Question: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?
Answer: structure and operations
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

On July 8, 2007 The Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for the failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. The book blamed the FBI's decentralized structure, which prevented effective communication and cooperation among different FBI offices. The book suggested that the FBI has not evolved into an effective counter-terrorism or counter-intelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained agency cultural resistance to change. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff other than special agents as support staff, classifying intelligence analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.

Question: When did the Washington Post publish excerpts from the book Spying Blind?
Answer: July 8, 2007

Question: How many chances to disrupt the 9/11 attacks did the FBI dismiss?
Answer: 23

Question: What two agencies had a lack of co-operation?
Answer: FBI, CIA

Question: What was to blame for the FBI's failure?
Answer: FBI's decentralized structure

Question: What did the FBI's decentralized structure prevent?
Answer: effective communication
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).

Question: What increased the powers of the FBI?
Answer: USA PATRIOT Act

Question: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?
Answer: sneak and peek provision

Question: What new residential powers did the FBI now have?
Answer: search a house while the residents are away

Question: Could the FBI inquire into library records?
Answer: FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records

Question: Who's library records did the FBI look into?
Answer: those who are suspected of terrorism
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.

Question: When did the FBI lab first appear?
Answer: 1974

Question: Where was the FBI lab?
Answer: J. Edgar Hoover Building

Question: Who uses the FBI lab services?
Answer: state, local, and international agencies

Question: How much does the FBI charges for lab services?
Answer: free

Question: Where is the second FBI lab?
Answer: FBI Academy
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), were not. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which never became operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In March 2005, the FBI announced it was beginning a new, more ambitious software project, code-named Sentinel, which they expected to complete by 2009.

Question: When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?
Answer: 2000

Question: What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?
Answer: Trilogy project

Question: Did the Trilogy project go over budget?
Answer: far over budget

Question: When did the FBI abandon the VCF project?
Answer: January 2005
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it to New Agent Class 98-1 in October 1997. At present, the Model 23 "FG&R" (finger groove and rail) is the issue sidearm. New agents are issued firearms, on which they must qualify, on successful completion of their training at the FBI Academy. The Glock 26 in 9×19mm Parabellum, and Glock Models 23 and 27 in .40 S&W caliber are authorized as secondary weapons. Special agents are authorized to purchase and qualify with the Glock Model 21 in .45 ACP. Special agents of the FBI HRT (Hostage Rescue Team), and regional SWAT teams are issued the Springfield Professional Model 1911A1 .45 ACP pistol (see FBI Special Weapons and Tactics Teams).

Question: What gun are FBI special agents issued?
Answer: Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber

Question: What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?
Answer: Glock 17 or Glock 19

Question: What did the FBI adopt in May 1997
Answer: Glock .40 S&W pistol

Question: What did the FBI adopt the Glock .40 S&W pistol for?
Answer: general agent use

Question: What class was the first to receive the Glock .40 S&W pistol?
Answer: New Agent Class 98-1
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligible veterans may apply after age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella decision. The applicant must also hold American citizenship, be of high moral character, have a clean record, and hold at least a four-year bachelor's degree. At least three years of professional work experience prior to application is also required. All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security clearance, and in many instances, employees need a TS/SCI (Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information) clearance. To obtain a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. Special Agents candidates also have to pass a Physical Fitness Test (PFT), which includes a 300-meter run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Personnel must pass a polygraph test with questions including possible drug use. Applicants who fail polygraphs may not gain employment with the FBI.

Question: What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?
Answer: preference-eligible veterans

Question: What is the minimum age to join the FBI?
Answer: 23

Question: Is American citizenship required to be an FBI agent?
Answer: must also hold American citizenship

Question: What is a SSBI?
Answer: Single Scope Background Investigations

Question: Who conducts SSBIs?
Answer: Office of Personnel Management
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).

Question: Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?
Answer: including celebrities such as Elvis Presley

Question: What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?
Answer: antiwar activities

Question: What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?
Answer: threats or extortion attempts

Question: What party was the FBI concerned with?
Answer: Communist party
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. Beginning in 1997, the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger. The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI. In 2002, Special Agent John J Connolly was convicted of federal racketeering charges for helping Bulger avoid arrest. In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival. In 2014, that conviction was overturned on a technicality. Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.

Question: Who tipped of Bulger?
Answer: his former FBI handler

Question: What act was the indictment under?
Answer: Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act

Question: How long did Bulger remain at large?
Answer: 16

Question: Was Bulger on the 10 Most Wanted Fugitives List?
Answer: prominently listed

Question: What did the revelations about Bulger cause?
Answer: great embarrassment
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available records pertaining to the internet IP addresses edits were made from. Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves. The tool was designed to detect conflict of interest edits. Among his findings were that FBI computers were used to edit the FBI article in Wikipedia. Although the edits correlated with known FBI IP addresses, there was no proof that the changes actually came from a member or employee of the FBI, only that someone who had access to their network had edited the FBI article in Wikipedia. Wikipedia spokespersons received Griffith's "WikiScanner" positively, noting that it helped prevent conflicts of interest from influencing articles as well as increasing transparency and mitigating attempts to remove or distort relevant facts.

Question: What was Virgil Griffith focused on?
Answer: computation and neural-systems

Question: What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?
Answer: United States Congress

Question: What was Griffith's tool designed to detect?
Answer: conflict of interest edits

Question: What did Griffith's tool help increase?
Answer: transparency

Question: How as Griffith's wikipedia scanner viewed by wikipedia?
Answer: positively
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".

Question: When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?
Answer: 20 February 2001

Question: What was Hanssen arrested for?
Answer: spying for the Soviet Union

Question: When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?
Answer: 1979 to 2001

Question: How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving?
Answer: 15

Question: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?
Answer: $1.4 million
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

Question: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?
Answer: FBI

Question: What organization is the FBI a subset of?
Answer: U.S. Department of Justice

Question: What Director does the FBI report to?
Answer: Director of National Intelligence

Question: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?
Answer: 200
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.

Question: Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?
Answer: J. Edgar Hoover

Question: How many years was Hoover the FBI director?
Answer: 48

Question: What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?
Answer: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory

Question: What was the other name for the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory?
Answer: FBI Laboratory

Question: When did the FBI laboratory open?
Answer: 1932