rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Saint_Helena

The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.

Question: What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?
Answer: Benguela Current

Question: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?
Answer: 5–6
Title: Saint_Helena

Saint Helena is divided into eight districts, each with a community centre. The districts also serve as statistical subdivisions. The island is a single electoral area and elects twelve representatives to the Legislative Council of fifteen.

Question: How many districts is the island of Saint Helena divided into?
Answer: eight

Question: What do the districts also serve as?
Answer: statistical subdivisions
Title: Saint_Helena

Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659, and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain – settlers ("planters") and soldiers – and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement – initially from Africa (the Cape Verde Islands, Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then India and Madagascar. Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792.

Question: When was Saint Helena first settled?
Answer: 1659

Question: What was the population of the island in 1659
Answer: 4,250

Question: Where were slaves initially brought from to the island?
Answer: Africa

Question: Later on, what two locations were slaves brought from?
Answer: India and Madagascar

Question: Which year did the inhabitants decide there were too many slaves?
Answer: 1792
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone.

Question: In 1840 what did Saint Helena become?
Answer: a provisioning station

Question: What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?
Answer: British West Africa Squadron

Question: What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?
Answer: Brazil

Question: How many slaves ended up staying on the island after being freed?
Answer: 500

Question: How many slaves were freed from the island?
Answer: many thousands
Title: Saint_Helena

Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master.

Question: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?
Answer: 1810

Question: How many imported Chinese laborers were there at the peak of importation?
Answer: 618

Question: What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak?
Answer: 1818
Title: Saint_Helena

The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.

Question: What kind of citizenship do the citizens of Saint Helena hold?
Answer: British Overseas Territories citizenship

Question: On what date was full British citizenship restored to the citizens of the island?
Answer: 21 May 2002

Question: What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?
Answer: British Overseas Territories Act 2002
Title: Saint_Helena

During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of "Saints" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since "Saints" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.

Question: What was there a long pattern of from the island starting during the post Napoleonic period?
Answer: emigration

Question: When did the population of the island start to steadily decline?
Answer: late 1980s

Question: What was a big factor in emmigration to the UK?
Answer: prospect of higher wages
Title: Saint_Helena

Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.

Question: What communion do most residents of the island belong to?
Answer: Anglican

Question: When was the 150th anniversary of the diocese celebrated?
Answer: June 2009

Question: Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?
Answer: the Diocese of St Helena

Question: The Diocese of Saint Helena has it's own what?
Answer: bishop
Title: Saint_Helena

Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.

Question: When did Roman Catholics start to appear on the island?
Answer: 1852

Question: What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?
Answer: 1884

Question: When did Baptists come to the island?
Answer: 1845

Question: How many Johovah's Witnesses were on the island?
Answer: 35

Question: When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island?
Answer: 1949
Title: Saint_Helena

Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena. The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government. Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom.

Question: Who has executive authority in Saint Helena?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II

Question: Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?
Answer: the Governor

Question: Who is responsible for Defence and Foreign Affairs?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Title: Saint_Helena

There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a "Chief Councillor" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout.

Question: How many seats are in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena?
Answer: 15

Question: Who presides over the executive council?
Answer: the Governor

Question: The head of government on the island is who?
Answer: the Governor

Question: When were proposals for a Chief Councillor put on hold?
Answer: 23 March 2013
Title: Saint_Helena

One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

Question: What caused high unemployment on the island?
Answer: loss of full passports

Question: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?
Answer: King George VI

Question: What year did King George VI visit the island?
Answer: 1947

Question: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?
Answer: 1957

Question: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?
Answer: 1984
Title: Saint_Helena

In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.

Question: What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?
Answer: St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015

Question: What kind of articles were published to help this plan?
Answer: awareness-raising articles

Question: How was support for members of the public given?
Answer: with human rights queries
Title: Saint_Helena

In recent years[when?], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena. Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.

Question: What has been more prominently reported in recent years in Saint Helena?
Answer: reports of child abuse

Question: Who has been accused of lying about the child abuse issue of Saint Helena?
Answer: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Question: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?
Answer: the United Nations
Title: Saint_Helena

St Helena has long been known for its high proportion of endemic birds and vascular plants. The highland areas contain most of the 400 endemic species recognised to date. Much of the island has been identified by BirdLife International as being important for bird conservation, especially the endemic Saint Helena plover or wirebird, and for seabirds breeding on the offshore islets and stacks, in the north-east and the south-west Important Bird Areas. On the basis of these endemics and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Question: Saint Helena has a high proportion of what kind of birds?
Answer: endemic

Question: What kind of plants are common on Saint Helena?
Answer: vascular

Question: What organization identified Saint Helena as important for bird conservation?
Answer: BirdLife International

Question:  Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what?
Answer: UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Title: Saint_Helena

St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.

Question: How many lichen forming fungi have been recorded on the island?
Answer: more than 200

Question: How many endemic species of fungi have been found?
Answer: 9

Question: What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?
Answer: freshwater, terrestrial and marine
Title: Saint_Helena

The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. Inflation was running at 4% in 2005. There have been increases in the cost of fuel, power and all imported goods.

Question: What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?
Answer: monocrop

Question: What year did the crop economy change?
Answer: 1966

Question: What was produced during the time the Island was monocrop?
Answer: flax

Question: Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?
Answer: aid from the British government

Question: How much % of production does the public sector cover?
Answer: 50%
Title: Saint_Helena

The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.

Question: What is the tourist industry mostly based around?
Answer: the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment

Question: What kind of fishing tourism occurs on the island?
Answer: sportfishing

Question: How many hotels are on the island?
Answer: 3

Question: Tourism is completely based on what arriving to the island?
Answer: the RMS St Helena
Title: Saint_Helena

Saint Helena produces what is said to be the most expensive coffee in the world. It also produces and exports Tungi Spirit, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears, Opuntia ficus-indica ("Tungi" is the local St Helenian name for the plant). Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own postage stamps which provide a significant income.

Question: What does Saint Helena have the most expensive of?
Answer: coffee

Question: What is Tungi Spirit made out of?
Answer: Opuntia ficus-indica

Question: Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha and Saint Helena all issue their own what?
Answer: postage stamps
Title: Saint_Helena

Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from £12 million in 1999-2000 to £11 million in 2005-06. Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to £6.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis). Exports are much smaller, amounting to £0.2 million in 2004-05. Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were £0.06 million in 2004-05. The limited number of visiting tourists spent about £0.4 million in 2004-05, representing a contribution to GDP of 3%.

Question: What was the GDP of the island in 1999-2000?
Answer: £12 million

Question: By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what?
Answer: £11 million

Question: Imports to the island mostly occur from what countries?
Answer: the UK and South Africa

Question: What are the main exports of the island?
Answer: fish and coffee

Question: Tourists spent how much in  2004-05?
Answer: £0.4 million
Title: Saint_Helena

Public expenditure rose from £10 million in 2001-02 to £12 million in 2005-06 to £28m in 2012-13. The contribution of UK budgetary aid to total SHG government expenditure rose from £4.6 million in to £6.4 million to £12.1 million over the same period. Wages and salaries represent about 38% of recurrent expenditure.

Question: How much was public expenditure on the island in 2001-2002?
Answer: £10 million

Question: By 2005-06 public expenditure had risen to what?
Answer: £12 million

Question: In 2012-2013, public expenditure was what?
Answer: £28m

Question: UK aid had risen to how much in the same period?
Answer: £12.1 million

Question:  Wages and salaries represent how much % of the island's expenditure?
Answer: 38%
Title: Saint_Helena

Unemployment levels are low (31 individuals in 2013, compared to 50 in 2004 and 342 in 1998). Employment is dominated by the public sector, the number of government positions has fallen from 1,142 in 2006 to just over 800 in 2013. St Helena’s private sector employs approximately 45% of the employed labour force and is largely dominated by small and micro businesses with 218 private businesses employing 886 in 2004.

Question: How many individuals were unemployed on the island in 2013?
Answer: 31

Question: Employment on the island is dominated by what sector?
Answer: public

Question: In 2013 the number of government jobs was what?
Answer: 800

Question: What % of people are employed in the private sector in Saint Helena?
Answer: 45

Question: How many private businesses employee people on Saint Helena?
Answer: 218
Title: Saint_Helena

Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.

Question: What % of households were spending less than £20 per week in 2004
Answer: 8%

Question: What % of the population claimed social security benefits in 2006/7?
Answer: 22

Question: How much of the population is over age 60?
Answer: 20%
Title: Saint_Helena

In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors.

Question: How many copper tokens were Issued in 1821?
Answer: 70,560

Question: Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?
Answer: Saul Solomon

Question: How much was each copper token worth?
Answer: a halfpenny

Question: When did the Crown take over the island?
Answer: 1836
Title: Saint_Helena

Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.

Question: What is the Saint Helena currency?
Answer: the Saint Helena pound

Question: The government of Saint Helena produces it's own what?
Answer: coinage and banknotes

Question: What year was the Bank of Saint Helena established?
Answer: 2004

Question: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?
Answer: pound sterling
Title: Saint_Helena

Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world, has one commercial airport under construction, and travel to the island is by ship only. A large military airfield is located on Ascension Island, with two Friday flights to RAF Brize Norton, England (as from September 2010). These RAF flights offer a limited number of seats to civilians.

Question: How many commercial airports are under construction in Saint Helena?
Answer: 1

Question: What is the only method of travel currently available to Saint Helena?
Answer: ship

Question: A large airfield is located on what portion of the island?
Answer: Ascension Island

Question: What kind of flights are offered to limited civilians?
Answer: RAF flights
Title: Saint_Helena

The ship RMS Saint Helena runs between St Helena and Cape Town on a 5-day voyage, also visiting Ascension Island and Walvis Bay, and occasionally voyaging north to Tenerife and Portland, UK. It berths in James Bay, St Helena approximately thirty times per year. The RMS Saint Helena was due for decommissioning in 2010. However, its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed.

Question: What ship runs between Saint Helena and Cape town on 5 day voyages?
Answer: RMS Saint Helena

Question: What year was the RMS Saint Helena supposed to be decommissioned?
Answer: 2010

Question: What needs to be completed before the RMS Saint Helena can be decommissioned?
Answer: the airport
Title: Saint_Helena

After a long period of rumour and consultation, the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005. The airport was expected to be completed by 2010. However an approved bidder, the Italian firm Impregilo, was not chosen until 2008, and then the project was put on hold in November 2008, allegedly due to new financial pressures brought on by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010. By January 2009, construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed. Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems.

Question: When was the construction of an airport in Saint Helena announced?
Answer: March 2005

Question: The airport was expected to be completed by what year?
Answer: 2010

Question: Who was the approved bidder for the airport?
Answer: Impregilo

Question: Which governor departed to London to try to speed up the construction of the airport?
Answer: Andrew Gurr
Title: Saint_Helena

On 22 July 2010, the British government agreed to help pay for the new airport using taxpayer money. In November 2011 a new deal between the British government and South African civil engineering company Basil Read was signed and the airport was scheduled to open in February 2016, with flights to and from South Africa and the UK. In March 2015 South African airline Comair became the preferred bidder to provide weekly air service between the island and Johannesburg, starting from 2016.

Question: When did the British government agree to help pay for the new airport in Saint Helena?
Answer: 22 July 2010

Question: Which south african company is helping to engineer the airport? 
Answer: Basil Read

Question: The new airport opening date is when?
Answer: February 2016

Question: Which countries will be able to fly to Saint Helena using the airport?
Answer: South Africa and the UK

Question: Which airline will provide weekly service to Saint Helena?
Answer: Comair
Title: Saint_Helena

The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment.

Question: What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport?
Answer: South African Beechcraft King Air 200

Question: What date did the aircraft land at the new airport?
Answer: 15 September 2015

Question: What are they calibrating via test flights at the airport?
Answer: the airport's radio navigation equipment.
Title: Saint_Helena

The first helicopter landing at the new airfield was conducted by the Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 from 825 Squadron 201 Flight, embarked on visiting HMS Lancaster on 23 October 2015.

Question: Who conducted the first helicopter landing at the airfield?
Answer: Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377

Question: Where did the helicopter embark on visiting?
Answer: HMS Lancaster

Question: When did the aircraft visit HMS Lancaster?
Answer: 23 October 2015