rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

After golf, oil painting was Eisenhower's second hobby. While at Columbia University, Eisenhower began the art after watching Thomas E. Stephens paint Mamie's portrait. Eisenhower painted about 260 oils during the last 20 years of his life to relax, mostly landscapes but also portraits of subjects such as Mamie, their grandchildren, General Montgomery, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln. Wendy Beckett stated that Eisenhower's work, "simple and earnest, rather cause us to wonder at the hidden depths of this reticent president". A conservative in both art and politics, he in a 1962 speech denounced modern art as "a piece of canvas that looks like a broken-down Tin Lizzie, loaded with paint, has been driven over it."

Question: What was Eisenhower's favorite hobby other than golfing?
Answer: oil painting

Question: What car did Eisenhower compare modern art to?
Answer: Tin Lizzie

Question: What was the main type of oil painting painted by Eisenhower?
Answer: landscapes

Question: Who notably painted a picture of Mamie Eisenhower?
Answer: Thomas E. Stephens

Question: Who called Eisenhower's art "simple and earnest"?
Answer: Wendy Beckett
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie. His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey. With his excellent memory and ability to focus, Eisenhower was skilled at card games. He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport," in Abilene. Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates' poker losses for payment after graduation, and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him. A classmate reported that after learning to play contract bridge at West Point, Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months.

Question: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?
Answer: Angels in the Outfield

Question: Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?
Answer: Zane Grey

Question: What genre did Zane Grey write in?
Answer: Western

Question: Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?
Answer: Abilene

Question: At West Point, what game did Eisenhower play six nights a week for five months?
Answer: contract bridge
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

When the U.S. entered World War I he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was again denied and then assigned to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. In February 1918 he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers. His unit was later ordered to France but to his chagrin he received orders for the new tank corps, where he was promoted to brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the National Army. He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at Camp Colt – his first command – at the site of "Pickett's Charge" on the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Civil War battleground. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills, as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel.

Question: What military installation was Eisenhower assigned to when the United States entered the First World War?
Answer: Ft. Leavenworth

Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade?
Answer: 65th Engineers

Question: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps?
Answer: Lieutenant Colonel

Question: What famous military event occurred at the site of Camp Colt?
Answer: Pickett's Charge

Question: In what state was Camp Meade located?
Answer: Maryland
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Once again his spirits were raised when the unit under his command received orders overseas to France. This time his wishes were thwarted when the armistice was signed, just a week before departure. Completely missing out on the warfront left him depressed and bitter for a time, despite being given the Distinguished Service Medal for his work at home.[citation needed] In World War II, rivals who had combat service in the first great war (led by Gen. Bernard Montgomery) sought to denigrate Eisenhower for his previous lack of combat duty, despite his stateside experience establishing a camp, completely equipped, for thousands of troops, and developing a full combat training schedule.

Question: How long before Eisenhower was to be transferred to France did World War I end?
Answer: week

Question: What decoration did Eisenhower receive as a result of his First World War service?
Answer: Distinguished Service Medal

Question: What notable Second World War commander disparaged Eisenhower for his lack of combat experience?
Answer: Montgomery
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

He assumed duties again at Camp Meade, Maryland, commanding a battalion of tanks, where he remained until 1922. His schooling continued, focused on the nature of the next war and the role of the tank in it. His new expertise in tank warfare was strengthened by a close collaboration with George S. Patton, Sereno E. Brett, and other senior tank leaders. Their leading-edge ideas of speed-oriented offensive tank warfare were strongly discouraged by superiors, who considered the new approach too radical and preferred to continue using tanks in a strictly supportive role for the infantry. Eisenhower was even threatened with court martial for continued publication of these proposed methods of tank deployment, and he relented.

Question: What was Eisenhower's Camp Meade unit equipped with?
Answer: tanks

Question: When did Eisenhower leave Camp Meade?
Answer: 1922

Question: Along with Patton, who was a notable interwar tank leader?
Answer: Sereno E. Brett

Question: What was the traditional doctrine on the use of tanks?
Answer: supportive role for the infantry

Question: What happened when Eisenhower was threatened with a court martial for his support for offensive tank tactics?
Answer: he relented
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

From 1920, Eisenhower served under a succession of talented generals – Fox Conner, John J. Pershing, Douglas MacArthur and George Marshall. He first became executive officer to General Conner in the Panama Canal Zone, where, joined by Mamie, he served until 1924. Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory (including Carl von Clausewitz's On War), and later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that "Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew." Conner's comment on Eisenhower was, "[He] is one of the most capable, efficient and loyal officers I have ever met." On Conner's recommendation, in 1925–26 he attended the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where he graduated first in a class of 245 officers. He then served as a battalion commander at Fort Benning, Georgia, until 1927.

Question: What role did Eisenhower serve under Fox Conner?
Answer: executive officer

Question: Where did Eisenhower serve under Conner?
Answer: Panama Canal Zone

Question: What notable military treatise was authored by von Clausewitz?
Answer: On War

Question: During what period did Eisenhower attend the Command and General Staff College?
Answer: 1925–26

Question: How many people were in Eisenhower's class at the Command and General Staff College?
Answer: 245
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

Question: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?
Answer: Pershing

Question: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?
Answer: Agriculture

Question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?
Answer: 1928

Question: What was the office held by George Mosely?
Answer: Assistant Secretary of War

Question: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?
Answer: Major
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

His primary duty was planning for the next war, which proved most difficult in the midst of the Great Depression. He then was posted as chief military aide to General MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff. In 1932, he participated in the clearing of the Bonus March encampment in Washington, D.C. Although he was against the actions taken against the veterans and strongly advised MacArthur against taking a public role in it, he later wrote the Army's official incident report, endorsing MacArthur's conduct.

Question: What event made war planning difficult in this period?
Answer: Great Depression

Question: What position was held by General MacArthur at this point in time?
Answer: Army Chief of Staff

Question: What encampment was attacked in 1932 by soldiers including Eisenhower?
Answer: Bonus March

Question: What sort of people did the Bonus March consist of?
Answer: veterans
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, George Marshall, and General Montgomery during World War II. Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of the disagreements with MacArthur, and that a positive relationship endured. While in Manila, Mamie suffered a life-threatening stomach ailment but recovered fully. Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937 and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis. Also around this time, he was offered a post by the Philippine Commonwealth Government, namely by then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named Quezon City, but he declined the offer.

Question: What rank was Eisenhower promoted to in 1936?
Answer: lieutenant colonel

Question: Who was president of the Philippines circa 1939?
Answer: Manuel L. Quezon

Question: What is the current name of the capital city that was under construction in the Philippines in 1939?
Answer: Quezon City

Question: What license did Eisenhower receive in 1939?
Answer: pilot's

Question: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?
Answer: declined
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Eisenhower returned to the U.S. in December 1939 and was assigned as a battalion commander and regimental executive officer of the 15th Infantry at Fort Lewis, Washington. In March 1941 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated IX Corps under Major General Kenyon Joyce. In June 1941, he was appointed Chief of Staff to General Walter Krueger, Commander of the 3rd Army, at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. After successfully participating in the Louisiana Maneuvers, he was promoted to brigadier general on October 3, 1941. Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.

Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with upon his return to the United States?
Answer: 15th Infantry

Question: At what military installation was the 15th Infantry based?
Answer: Fort Lewis

Question: In the spring of 1941, who commanded IX Corps?
Answer: Kenyon Joyce

Question: In what city was the 3rd Army based in June of 1941?
Answer: San Antonio

Question: What event contributed to Eisenhower receiving a promotion to brigadier general?
Answer: Louisiana Maneuvers
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, where he served until June 1942 with responsibility for creating the major war plans to defeat Japan and Germany. He was appointed Deputy Chief in charge of Pacific Defenses under the Chief of War Plans Division (WPD), General Leonard T. Gerow, and then succeeded Gerow as Chief of the War Plans Division. Next, he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of the new Operations Division (which replaced WPD) under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, who spotted talent and promoted accordingly.

Question: To what body was Eisenhower assigned after Pearl Harbor was attacked?
Answer: General Staff in

Question: Who headed the WPD before Eisenhower?
Answer: Leonard T. Gerow

Question: What body replaced the War Plans Division?
Answer: Operations Division

Question: What was Eisenhower's title in the Operations Division?
Answer: Assistant Chief of Staff

Question: Who was the Chief of Staff who promoted Eisenhower?
Answer: George C. Marshall
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, he returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA), based in London and with a house on Coombe, Kingston upon Thames, and replaced Chaney. He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7.

Question: As of May 1942, who commanded the Army Air Forces?
Answer: Henry H. Arnold

Question: To what city did Eisenhower travel to May 1942?
Answer: London

Question: What appointment did Eisenhower receive on June 23, 1942?
Answer: Commanding General, European Theater of Operations

Question: Who commanded the English theater in May 1942?
Answer: James E. Chaney

Question: To what rank was Eisenhower promoted on July 7, 1942?
Answer: lieutenant general
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word "expeditionary" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.

Question: What appointment did Eisenhower receive in November of 1942?
Answer: Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations

Question: What was the code name of the North African campaign?
Answer: Operation Torch

Question: At what location was the North African campaign planned?
Answer: Rock of Gibraltar

Question: How many years before Eisenhower's command had a non-Briton commanded Gibraltar?
Answer: 200
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

French cooperation was deemed necessary to the campaign, and Eisenhower encountered a "preposterous situation" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into Tunisia, and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to François Darlan as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices of state in Vichy France and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the French armed forces. The Allied leaders were "thunderstruck" by this from a political standpoint, though none of them had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in the course of planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Eisenhower did not take action to prevent the arrest and extrajudicial execution of Bonnier de La Chapelle by associates of Darlan acting without authority from either Vichy or the Allies, considering it a criminal rather than a military matter. Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution.

Question: What geographic area was the primary objective of Eisenhower?
Answer: Tunisia

Question: Who initially served as High Commissioner of North Africa?
Answer: François Darlan

Question: Who killed François Darlan?
Answer: Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle

Question: Who served as High Commissioner of North Africa after Darlan's death?
Answer: Henri Giraud

Question: On what day did Darlan die?
Answer: December 24
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.

Question: What was Rommel's rank?
Answer: Generalfeldmarschall

Question: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?
Answer: Lloyd Fredendall

Question: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?
Answer: Bernard Montgomery

Question: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?
Answer: February 1943

Question: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA?
Answer: NATOUSA
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the highly successful invasion of Sicily. Once Mussolini, the Italian leader, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country – making the job more difficult, by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1; nevertheless, the invasion of Italy was highly successful.

Question: What did the Allies invade after they conquered North Africa?
Answer: Sicily

Question: What was the invasion of mainland Italy called?
Answer: Operation Avalanche

Question: What was the initial ratio of Axis to Allied divisions in Italy?
Answer: 2 to 1

Question: How many divisions did the Germans add to Italy?
Answer: 19

Question: Until he was deposed, who was the leader of Italy?
Answer: Mussolini
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.

Question: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
Answer: Marshall

Question: What did SHAEF stand for?
Answer: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

Question: Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
Answer: Roosevelt

Question: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?
Answer: Operation Overlord

Question: When did Operation Overlord take place?
Answer: June 1944
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault. His first struggles, however, were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with De Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord. Admiral Ernest J. King fought with Eisenhower over King's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific. He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, as he did. Eisenhower then designed a bombing plan in France in advance of Overlord and argued with Churchill over the latter's concern with civilian casualties; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were justified in shedding the yoke of the Germans, and Eisenhower prevailed. He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him when Patton earlier had slapped a subordinate, and then when Patton gave a speech in which he made improper comments about postwar policy.

Question: Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?
Answer: Ernest J. King

Question: What concern did Churchill have in regard to Eisenhower's pre-invasion bombing plan?
Answer: civilian casualties

Question: What did Patton do that first caused Eisenhower to reprimand him?
Answer: slapped a subordinate

Question: What were the French resistance to be used for in advance of the invasion of France?
Answer: covert and sabotage operations

Question: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?
Answer: de Gaulle
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

The D-Day Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, were costly but successful. A month later, the invasion of Southern France took place, and control of forces in the southern invasion passed from the AFHQ to the SHAEF. Many prematurely considered that victory in Europe would come by summer's end—however the Germans did not capitulate for almost a year. From then until the end of the war in Europe on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower, through SHAEF, commanded all Allied forces, and through his command of ETOUSA had administrative command of all U.S. forces on the Western Front north of the Alps. He was ever mindful of the inevitable loss of life and suffering that would be experienced on an individual level by the troops under his command and their families. This prompted him to make a point of visiting every division involved in the invasion. Eisenhower's sense of responsibility was underscored by his draft of a statement to be issued if the invasion failed. It has been called one of the great speeches of history:

Question: When did the Normandy invasion occur?
Answer: June 6, 1944

Question: How long after the Normandy invasion did the landings in Southern France occur?
Answer: month

Question: When did the war in Europe end?
Answer: May 8, 1945

Question: How many divisions involved in the Allied invasion of Europe did Eisenhower visit?
Answer: every

Question: After what possible event would the speech called one of the greatest in history have been delivered?
Answer: if the invasion failed