rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Armenia

Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed] At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.

Question: Who was in charge of the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces?
Answer: Nikolai Yudenich

Question: Who was the leader of the Armenian militia?
Answer: Andranik Ozanian

Question: When was the Bolshevik Revolution? 
Answer: 1917

Question: Who formed the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic?
Answer: Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan

Question: When did the Dashnaktsutyun declare independence?
Answer: May 1918
Title: Armenia

At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia." In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate.

Question: When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?
Answer: 10 August 1920

Question: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia?
Answer: Wilsonian Armenia

Question: Which US president specified the new Armenian borders?
Answer: President Woodrow Wilson

Question: When did Cilicia declare independence?
Answer: 5 August 1920

Question: Who signed the Treaty of Sevres?
Answer: Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire
Title: Armenia

In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.

Question: When was the Treaty of Alexandropol sanctioned?
Answer: 2 December 1920

Question: What city did current day Gyumri used to be called?
Answer: Alexandropol

Question: When did the Armenian republic breakdown?
Answer: 4 December

Question: Who led the Soviet Eleventh Army?
Answer: Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze

Question: What year did Turkish nationalists seize the Armenian Republic?
Answer: 1920
Title: Armenia

Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia.

Question: When was the Transcaucasian SFSR formed?
Answer: 4 March 1922

Question: The Soviet Union gained control over which city following the Treaty of Kars?
Answer: Batumi

Question: What did Turkey gain from the Treaty of Kars?
Answer: sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır

Question: Who annexed Armenia?
Answer: Bolshevist Russia
Title: Armenia

The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.

Question: Who provided the Armenians with supplies?
Answer: Moscow

Question: Who succeeded Vladimir Lenin?
Answer: Joseph Stalin

Question: Which three parts make up the TSFSR?
Answer: Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR

Question: When did the TSFSR break up into three parts?
Answer: 1936
Title: Armenia

Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union's new leader. Soon, life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement. The church, which suffered greatly under Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event's fiftieth anniversary in 1965.

Question: Who succeeded Stalin?
Answer: Nikita Khruschev

Question: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?
Answer: 1967

Question: When did Vazgen acquire his position?
Answer: 1955

Question: When did Stalin pass away?
Answer: 1953

Question: Where is the memorial for the Armenian Genocide?
Answer: Yerevan
Title: Armenia

During the Gorbachev era of the 1980s, with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika, Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country, opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought. Tensions also developed between Soviet Azerbaijan and its autonomous district of Nagorno-Karabakh, a majority-Armenian region separated by Stalin from Armenia in 1923. About 484,000 Armenians lived in Azerbaijan in 1970. The Armenians of Karabakh demanded unification with Soviet Armenia. Peaceful protests in Yerevan supporting the Karabakh Armenians were met with anti-Armenian pogroms in the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait. Compounding Armenia's problems was a devastating earthquake in 1988 with a moment magnitude of 7.2.

Question: In what year did Armenia suffer from a catastrophic earthquake?
Answer: 1988

Question: How man Armenians resided in Azerbaijan in 1970?
Answer: 484,000

Question: When was Nagorno-Karabakh removed from Armenia?
Answer: 1923

Question: Who partitioned Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia?
Answer: Stalin
Title: Armenia

Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet Internal Security Forces (MVD) troops based in Yerevan when Armenians decided to commemorate the establishment of the 1918 First Republic of Armenia. The violence resulted in the deaths of five Armenians killed in a shootout with the MVD at the railway station. Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting.

Question: What does NAA stand for?
Answer: New Armenian Army

Question: When was the NAA formed?
Answer: May 1990

Question: Who started the fight between the MVD and the NAA in 1918?
Answer: the MVD

Question: How many people died as a result of the MVD and NAA clash in 1918?
Answer: five Armenians
Title: Armenia

Further firefights between Armenian militiamen and Soviet troops occurred in Sovetashen, near the capital and resulted in the deaths of over 26 people, mostly Armenians. The pogrom of Armenians in Baku in January 1990 forced almost all of the 200,000 Armenians in the Azerbaijani capital Baku to flee to Armenia. On 17 March 1991, Armenia, along with the Baltic states, Georgia and Moldova, boycotted a nationwide referendum in which 78% of all voters voted for the retention of the Soviet Union in a reformed form.

Question: Continued fighting transpired between the Armenians and Soviets in which city?
Answer: Sovetashen

Question: Where did the Armenians living in Baku escape to during the January 1990 massacre?
Answer: Armenia

Question: When did Armenia reject the referendum proposing the retention of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 17 March 1991
Title: Armenia

Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia. This move effectively crippled Armenia's economy as 85% of its cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.

Question: When did Turkey decide to become part of the blockade against Armenia?
Answer: 1993

Question: How does Armenia get most of it's commodities?
Answer: rail traffic

Question: Who did Armenia fight in teh Nagorno-Karabakh War?
Answer: Azerbaijan

Question: What prevented Armenia from getting it's commodities?
Answer: a railway and air blockade

Question: What percent of Armenias commodities were transported via rail traffic?
Answer: 85%
Title: Armenia

The Karabakh war ended after a Russian-brokered cease-fire was put in place in 1994. The war was a success for the Karabakh Armenian forces who managed to capture 16% of Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territory including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. Since then, Armenia and Azerbaijan have held peace talks, mediated by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The status of Karabakh has yet to be determined. The economies of both countries have been hurt in the absence of a complete resolution and Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed. By the time both Azerbaijan and Armenia had finally agreed to a ceasefire in 1994, an estimated 30,000 people had been killed and over a million had been displaced.

Question: When did the Karabakh War end?
Answer: 1994

Question: What does OSCE stand for?
Answer: Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Question: Armenia has closed borders with which two countries?
Answer: Turkey and Azerbaijan

Question: How many people died as a result of the fighting betwen Armenia and Azerbaijan?
Answer: 30,000

Question: Who gained the most from the Karabakh War?
Answer: Karabakh Armenian forces
Title: Armenia

International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).

Question: What is the lowest score on the Democracy Score scale?
Answer: 7

Question: What Democracy Score does Armenia have?
Answer: 5.21

Question: What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as?
Answer: Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime

Question: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty?
Answer: polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places
Title: Armenia

Armenia presently maintains good relations with almost every country in the world, with two major exceptions being its immediate neighbours, Turkey and Azerbaijan. Tensions were running high between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the final years of the Soviet Union. The Nagorno-Karabakh War dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s. The border between the two rival countries remains closed up to this day, and a permanent solution for the conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organisations such as the OSCE.

Question: With who does Armenia have bad relations?
Answer: Turkey and Azerbaijan

Question: Is the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan open or closed?
Answer: closed

Question: When was the Nagorno-Karabakh War?
Answer: 1990s
Title: Armenia

Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after its independence from the USSR in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey's refusal to establish them for numerous reasons. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason, Turkey illegally closed its land border with Armenia in 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.

Question: When did Turkey close off its border with Armenia?
Answer: 1993

Question: Which country claims the Armenian Genocide didn't occur?
Answer: Turkey

Question: When did Armenia gain independence from the USSR?
Answer: 1991

Question: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened?
Answer: Turkish business lobby
Title: Armenia

On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the Constitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period".

Question: When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border?
Answer: 10 October 2009

Question: Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border?
Answer: Turkey

Question: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia?
Answer: national parliaments

Question: How did Turkey thwart the ratification of these protocols?
Answer: continuously added more preconditions to its ratification
Title: Armenia

Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. According to the US Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country.

Question: Russia has a military base in which city in Armenia?
Answer: Gyumri

Question: How many Armenians reside in the United States?
Answer: 427,822

Question: Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri?
Answer: as a deterrent against Turkey

Question: Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri?
Answer: Armenian government
Title: Armenia

Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe, maintaining friendly relations with the European Union, especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A 2005 survey reported that 64% of Armenia's population would be in favor of joining the EU. Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire for their country to eventually become an EU member state, some[who?] predicting that it will make an official bid for membership in a few years.[citation needed] In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Question: How many of Armenias inhabitants approve of becoming part of the EU?
Answer: 64%

Question: What is KFOR?
Answer: a NATO-led international force in Kosovo

Question: What are some states join Armenia in the Council of Europe?
Answer: France and Greece

Question: When can the EU expect Armenia to attempt to join it?
Answer: in a few years
Title: Armenia

The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

Question: When was the Armenian military created?
Answer: 1991

Question: When was the Ministry of Defence founded?
Answer: 1992

Question: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces?
Answer: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard

Question: Who is in charge of the the Armenian military?
Answer: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov

Question: Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence?
Answer: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan
Title: Armenia

Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.

Question: What does CSTO stand for?
Answer: Collective Security Treaty Organisation

Question: What does EAPC stand for?
Answer: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

Question: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?
Answer: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Question: When did Armenia remove its peacekeepers from Iraq?
Answer: October 2008
Title: Armenia

Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

Question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?
Answer: 915

Question: How many districts does Yerevan have?
Answer: twelve

Question: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?
Answer: rural

Question: What is the Armenian term for settlment?
Answer: bnakavayr
Title: Armenia

The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.

Question: What group is opening a research center in Armenia?
Answer: Intel Corporation

Question: As opposed to an industry-based economy, what industry is Armenia moving to?
Answer: technology industry

Question: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what?
Answer: investment and support from Armenians abroad

Question: What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of?
Answer: chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile
Title: Armenia

Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employment remained more than 40%.

Question: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union?
Answer: After

Question: Why did agriculture become so significant for Armenia's economy?
Answer: food security needs

Question: How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s?
Answer: 40%

Question: How much of the GDP has agriculture accounted for most recently?
Answer: 20%
Title: Armenia

Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

Question: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake?
Answer: more than 25,000

Question: When was the Spitak earthquake?
Answer: 1988

Question: How much did the Armenian GDP decrease from 1989-1993
Answer: 60%

Question: What is the national currency of Armenia?
Answer: the dram