rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target under the U.N. Security Council resolution. U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said that NATO was "not targeting Gaddafi specifically" but that his command-and-control facilities were legitimate targets—including a facility inside his sprawling Tripoli compound that was hit with airstrikes on 25 April.

Question: On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?
Answer: 30 April

Question: At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?
Answer: Secretary of Defense

Question: What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?
Answer: NATO

Question: What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?
Answer: Tripoli
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities are directed at African leaders". That month, Amnesty International published their findings, in which they asserted that many of the accusations of mass human rights abuses made against Gaddafist forces lacked credible evidence, and were instead fabrications of the rebel forces which had been readily adopted by the western media. Amnesty International did however still accuse Gaddafi forces of numerous war crimes. On 15 July 2011, at a meeting in Istanbul, over 30 governments recognised the NTC as the legitimate government of Libya. Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television, in which he called on supporters to "Trample on those recognitions, trample on them under your feet ... They are worthless".

Question: What position was held by Gaddafi's brother-in-law?
Answer: head of state security

Question: About how many governments recognized the legitimacy of the NTC at a meeting on July 15, 2011?
Answer: 30

Question: Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place?
Answer: Istanbul

Question: Which child of Gaddafi did the ICC issue an arrest warrant for on June 27?
Answer: Saif al-Islam

Question: Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?
Answer: Abdullah Senussi
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.

Question: What is another term for the Amazigh?
Answer: Berber

Question: What language did the Berbers living in the Nafusa Mountains not speak?
Answer: Arabic

Question: On what date did the NTC government enter the Arab League?
Answer: 25 August

Question: What organization provided air support to the Libyan rebels?
Answer: NATO

Question: What were the last two cities to be controlled by Gaddafi's government?
Answer: Zliten and Tripoli
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continually moved residences to escape NTC shelling, devoting his days to prayer and reading the Qur'an. On 20 October, Gaddafi broke out of Sirte's District 2 in a joint civilian-military convoy, hoping to take refuge in the Jarref Valley. At around 8.30am, NATO bombers attacked, destroying at least 14 vehicles and killing at least 53. The convoy scattered, and Gaddafi and those closest to him fled to a nearby villa, which was shelled by rebel militia from Misrata. Fleeing to a construction site, Gaddafi and his inner cohort hid inside drainage pipes while his bodyguards battled the rebels; in the conflict, Gaddafi suffered head injuries from a grenade blast while defence minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr was killed.

Question: In what geographic part of Libya is Bani Walid located?
Answer: western

Question: After Tripoli was conquered, where did Gaddafi go?
Answer: Sirte

Question: Leaving Sirte, what valley did Gaddafi hope to travel to?
Answer: Jarref

Question: About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy?
Answer: 53

Question: After fleeing to a construction site, how was Gaddafi injured?
Answer: grenade blast
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.

Question: Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?
Answer: Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi

Question: What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured?
Answer: Mutassim

Question: Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?
Answer: Misrata

Question: Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?
Answer: Dr. Othman al-Zintani

Question: How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel?
Answer: 66
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. In response to international calls, on 24 October Jibril announced that a commission would investigate Gaddafi's death. On 25 October, the NTC announced that Gaddafi had been buried at an unidentified location in the desert; Al Aan TV showed amateur video footage of the funeral. Seeking vengeance for the killing, Gaddafist sympathisers fatally wounded one of those who had captured Gaddafi, Omran Shaaban, near Bani Walid in September 2012.

Question: Who was the prime minister of the NTC?
Answer: Mahmoud Jibril

Question: For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public?
Answer: four

Question: Who was killed by Gaddafi supporters for his role in Gaddafi's capture?
Answer: Omran Shaaban

Question: Near what town was Oran Shaaban killed?
Answer: Bani Walid

Question: On what date did the NTC announce Gaddafi's burial?
Answer: 25 October
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationalism and socialism, known as Third International Theory, which has been described as a combination of "utopian socialism, Arab nationalism, and the Third World revolutionary theory that was in vogue at the time". He laid out the principles of this Theory in the three volumes of The Green Book, in which he sought to "explain the structure of the ideal society." His Arab nationalist views led him to believe that there needed to be unity across the Arab world, combining the Arab nation under a single nation-state. He described his approach to economics as "Islamic socialism", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a "curiously Marxist undertone", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories. Gaddafi saw his socialist Jamahiriyah as a model for the Arab, Islamic, and non-aligned worlds to follow.

Question: What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?
Answer: Nasserism

Question: What did Gaddafi call his political philosophy created in the 1970s?
Answer: Third International Theory

Question: What philosophy was combined with socialism and nationalism to form Third International Theory?
Answer: Third World revolutionary theory

Question: The Green Book consisted of how many volumes?
Answer: three

Question: What is the occupation of Sami Hajjar?
Answer: political scientist
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Gaddafi's ideological worldview was moulded by his environment, namely his Islamic faith, his Bedouin upbringing, and his disgust at the actions of European colonialists in Libya. He was driven by a sense of "divine mission", believing himself a conduit of Allah's will, and thought that he must achieve his goals "no matter what the cost". Raised within the Sunni branch of Islam, Gaddafi called for the implementation of sharia within Libya. He desired unity across the Islamic world, and encouraged the propagation of the faith elsewhere. On a 2010 visit to Italy, he paid a modelling agency to find 200 young Italian women for a lecture he gave urging them to convert. He also funded the construction and renovation of two mosques in Africa, including Uganda's Kampala Mosque. He nevertheless clashed with conservative Libyan clerics as to his interpretation of Islam. Many criticised his attempts to encourage women to enter traditionally male-only sectors of society, such as the armed forces. Gaddafi was keen to improve women's status, though saw the sexes as "separate but equal" and therefore felt women should usually remain in traditional roles.

Question: What variety of Islam was Gaddafi raised in?
Answer: Sunni

Question: In what country is Kampala Mosque located?
Answer: Uganda

Question: In what ethnic culture was Gaddafi raised?
Answer: Bedouin

Question: In what year did Gaddafi notably visit Italy?
Answer: 2010
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be imperialist and lambasting it as "the embodiment of evil." Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett. From the late 1990s onward, his view seemed to become more moderate. In 2007, he advocated the Isratin single-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that "the [Israel-Palestine] solution is to establish a democratic state for the Jews and the Palestinians... This is the fundamental solution, or else the Jews will be annihilated in the future, because the Palestinians have [strategic] depth." Two years later he argued that a single-state solution would "move beyond old conflicts and look to a unified future based on shared culture and respect."

Question: What country did Gaddafi refer to as "the embodiment of evil"?
Answer: United States

Question: How did Gaddafi believe the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved?
Answer: Isratin single-state solution

Question: Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?
Answer: Blundy and Lycett

Question: What was a major factor in Gaddafi's hatred of the United States?
Answer: support of Israel
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been "always serious, even taciturn", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented.

Question: Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing?
Answer: Nasser

Question: Who stated that Gaddafi was fond of children?
Answer: Mirella Bianco

Question: What was Gaddafi's religious affiliation?
Answer: Muslim

Question: What is Mirella Biano's occupation?
Answer: Reporter

Question: Who remarked on Gaddafi's family orientation?
Answer: His father
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

In the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage. After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. Annick Cojean, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young. Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. After the civil war, Luis Moreno Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime. In 2011 Amnesty International questioned this and other claims used to justify NATO's war in Libya.

Question: What publication did Annick Cojean work for?
Answer: Le Monde

Question: What is the nationality of Seham Sergewa?
Answer: Libyan

Question: What ICC prosector claimed that Gaddafi had ordered soldiers to rape opposition women?
Answer: Luis Moreno Ocampo

Question: What book was written by Annick Cojean?
Answer: Gaddafi's Harem
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the compound were also two tennis courts, a soccer field, several gardens, camels, and a Bedouin tent in which he entertained guests. In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders. Gaddafi allegedly worked for years with Swiss banks to launder international banking transactions. In November 2011, The Sunday Times identified property worth £1 billion in the UK that Gaddafi allegedly owned. Gaddafi had an Airbus A340 private jet, which he bought from Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $120 million in 2003. Operated by Tripoli-based Afriqiyah Airways and decorated externally in their colours, it had various luxuries including a jacuzzi.

Question: How far is the Bab al-Azizia barracks from Tripoli?
Answer: two miles

Question: Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home?
Answer: West German engineers

Question: How many tennis courts existed in Gaddafi's compound?
Answer: two

Question: What was the value of Gaddafi's supposed British property holdings as of November 2011?
Answer: £1 billion

Question: How much did Gaddafi pay for his Airbus A340?
Answer: $120 million
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi.

Question: Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?
Answer: General Khalid

Question: When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?
Answer: 1970

Question: What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife?
Answer: el-Brasai

Question: What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to?
Answer: Obeidat

Question: When did Khamis Gaddafi die?
Answer: 2011
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.

Question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist?
Answer: Blundy and Lycett

Question: Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?
Answer: Bianco

Question: Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?
Answer: Daniel Kawczynski
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers, and generally shunned western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies. He once said that HIV was "a peaceful virus, not an aggressive virus" and assured attendees at the African Union that "if you are straight you have nothing to fear from AIDS". He also said that the H1N1 influenza virus was a biological weapon manufactured by a foreign military, and he assured Africans that the tsetse fly and mosquito were "God's armies which will protect us against colonialists". Should these 'enemies' come to Africa, "they will get malaria and sleeping sickness".

Question: What sort of virus did Gaddafi describe HIV as?
Answer: peaceful

Question: Who did Gaddafi claim created H1N1?
Answer: a foreign military

Question: According to Gaddafi, what insects made up God's armies?
Answer: tsetse fly and mosquito

Question: What illnesses did Gaddafi claim would afflict invading colonialists?
Answer: malaria and sleeping sickness
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.

Question: What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard?
Answer: Amazonian Guard

Question: In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard?
Answer: 1980s

Question: What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality?
Answer: Ukrainian

Question: What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska?
Answer: nurse

Question: What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?
Answer: professional
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right.

Question: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?
Answer: cholera and typhoid

Question: What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi?
Answer: free

Question: Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya?
Answer: economic stagnation

Question: Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi?
Answer: Euro-American far right

Question: What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris?
Answer: Libyan studies specialist