rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces), ship and aircraft visits, military training and cooperation, and other such outreach and relationship-building efforts.

Question: What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too?
Answer: conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy

Question: What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs?
Answer: deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés

Question: What other air force does the CAF cooperate with?
Answer: the American Air Forces

Question: What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries?
Answer: military training

Question: What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties?
Answer: relationship-building efforts
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, as well as in the Fenian raids, Red River Rebellion, and North-West Rebellion. Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States.

Question: What year was Canada united in a confederation?
Answer: 1867

Question: The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?
Answer: French and British forces

Question: What is one of the threats that faced them?
Answer: European powers

Question: What American war threatened Canada?
Answer: the American Revolutionary War

Question: Early on, what did they defend against with the British?
Answer: invasion by the United States
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation, the Royal Canadian Air Force. These forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, but land forces in Canada were not referred to as the Canadian Army until November 1940.

Question: Who initially had military command?
Answer: the British Crown-in-Council

Question: Where was the commander-in-chief stationed?
Answer: Halifax

Question: When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?
Answer: 1906

Question: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?
Answer: the Department of Militia and Defence

Question: When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army?
Answer: November 1940
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.

Question: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?
Answer: Second Boer War

Question: Under what command did they serve?
Answer: British command

Question: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?
Answer: the First World War

Question: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
Answer: Second World War

Question: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
Answer: Korean War
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?
Answer: more than 200 operations

Question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?
Answer: 72

Question: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?
Answer: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War

Question: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping operations

Question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
Answer: an aircraft carrier
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and more recently the Battle of Medak Pocket, in Croatia.

Question: What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of?
Answer: the Normandy Landings

Question: What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany?
Answer: the strategic bombing of German cities

Question: What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?
Answer: the Battle of Vimy Ridge

Question: What country was the latest Canadian Military effort?
Answer: Croatia
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.

Question: Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?
Answer: the largest volunteer army ever

Question: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: Which other country had a sizable naval army?
Answer: Japanese
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.

Question: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?
Answer: 1 February 1968

Question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?
Answer: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force

Question: What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?
Answer: the British government

Question: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
Answer: 1931

Question: What war aided Canadian legislative independence?
Answer: the First World War
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

After the 1980s, the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name gave way to "Canadian Forces";[citation needed] The "Canadian Armed Forces" name returned in 2013.

Question: What is the old name of the Canadian Forces?
Answer: Canadian Armed Forces

Question: When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be?
Answer: After the 1980s

Question: When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced?
Answer: 2013

Question: What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Canadian Forces
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve. They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), at the request of the Government of Afghanistan.

Question: What forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping?
Answer: Land Forces

Question: Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan?
Answer: 2011

Question: What force were the Canadians part of in Afghanistan?
Answer: ISAF

Question: Who requested the aid of the Canadians?
Answer: the Government of Afghanistan

Question: What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces?
Answer: peacekeeping
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.

Question: What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?
Answer: approximately $20.1 billion

Question: How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?
Answer: 74th in size

Question: What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?
Answer: approximately 119,000

Question: By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?
Answer: 2020

Question: What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?
Answer: around 124,000
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.

Question: What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?
Answer: the Canada First Defence Strategy

Question: How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?
Answer: through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness

Question: What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?
Answer: loss of existing members
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called "core capabilities" (such as the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet – the C-130 Hercules – and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Armed Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:

Question: What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?
Answer: main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles

Question: What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
Answer: C-130 Hercules

Question: What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?
Answer: CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters

Question: When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?
Answer: 2006
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.

Question: What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
Answer: medicine, communication, logistics, and administration

Question: What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
Answer: 1971

Question: What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
Answer: vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers

Question: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
Answer: the Department changed its policies

Question: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
Answer: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.

Question: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
Answer: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery

Question: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?
Answer: 5 February 1987

Question: Who created an office to study these effects?
Answer: the Minister of National Defence

Question: What was the study called?
Answer: Combat-Related Employment of Women
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.

Question: What year were most military occupations opened to women?
Answer: 1989

Question: What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?
Answer: submarine service

Question: By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?
Answer: 100 percent

Question: Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?
Answer: the government of Jean Chretien
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.

Question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?
Answer: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force

Question: What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?
Answer: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots

Question: What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?
Answer: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The following is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces. It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

Question: What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.

Question: What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
Answer: The Canadian constitution

Question: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
Answer: the governor general

Question: What orders fall under the royal prerogative?
Answer: troop deployment and disposition orders

Question: Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?
Answer: the monarch or governor general

Question: Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?
Answer: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.

Question: The armed forces has approximately how many members?
Answer: 115,349

Question: Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?
Answer: the Chief of the Defence Staff

Question: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?
Answer: The governor general

Question: What location does the National Defense operate out of?
Answer: Ottawa, Ontario

Question: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?
Answer: the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Question: How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
Answer: 27

Question: Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
Answer: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Question: What is the place called where initial training happens?
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.

Question: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
Answer: 33

Question: Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
Answer: Halifax

Question: What formation is located in Quebec?
Answer: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)

Question: What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
Answer: NATO exercises