rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights.

Question: What did Reagan call Gaddafi?
Answer: mad dog of the Middle East

Question: According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996?
Answer: 1,270

Question: Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya?
Answer: Not Free

Question: What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country?
Answer: stray dogs

Question: At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW?
Answer: Abu Salim
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."

Question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?
Answer: Hugo Chávez

Question: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?
Answer: Nelson Mandela

Question: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?
Answer: David Cameron

Question: In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi?
Answer: Sierra Leone

Question: Who said something about tyranny?
Answer: Barack Obama
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi

Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya".

Question: Who was elected president of the GNC?
Answer: Mohammed Magariaf

Question: Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC?
Answer: Mustafa A.G. Abushagur

Question: Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister?
Answer: failed to gain congressional approval

Question: Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister?
Answer: Ali Zeidan

Question: What official name did the GNC give to Libya?
Answer: State of Libya
Title: Cyprus

Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece.

Question: What is the official name of Cypus?
Answer: Republic of Cyprus

Question: Where is Cyprus located?
Answer: Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Question: What countries are nearby Cyprus?
Answer: Syria and Turkey

Question: What is Cyprus' affiliation with the European Union?
Answer: member state

Question: Is Cyprus an island country or land-locked country? 
Answer: island country

Question: What does Cyprus rank in terms of size in the Mediterranean? 
Answer: third largest

Question: Which country is north of Cyprus?
Answer: Turkey
Title: Cyprus

The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).

Question: What is the date of the earliest known human activity on Cyprus?
Answer: 10th millennium BC

Question: What is Cyprus home to of?
Answer: the oldest water wells in the world

Question: Who was Cyprus settled by in 2nd millennium BC?
Answer: Mycenaean Greeks

Question: What empires have occupied Cyprus?
Answer: empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians

Question: When did Ottoman rule occur in Cyprus?
Answer: between 1571 and 1878
Title: Cyprus

Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s. Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an "extension of Anatolia" by them; while since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis, the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed, and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established in 1983. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute.

Question: When was Cyprus placed under British administration?
Answer: 1878

Question: What year was Cyprus annexed by Britain?
Answer: 1914

Question: What year was Cyprus granted independence?
Answer: 1960

Question: What year did the intercommunal violence between Greek and Cypriots occur?
Answer: 1963

Question: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the 11 year violence in 1963? 
Answer: 25,000
Title: Cyprus

The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.

Question: The Republic of Cyprus does not have de jure sovereignty over what two British territories? 
Answer: Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Question: How many parts is the Republic of Cyprus partitioned into?
Answer: two main parts

Question: How much area of the island does the Republic control?
Answer: 59%

Question: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country?
Answer: Turkey

Question: What does the international community consider the northern part of Cyprus?
Answer: territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces
Title: Cyprus

During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis.

Question: During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement?
Answer: late Bronze Age

Question: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?
Answer: Mycenaean Greek traders

Question: What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus?
Answer: 1400 BC

Question: Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures?
Answer: Aphrodite and Adonis

Question: Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures?
Answer: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion
Title: Cyprus

Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortified Nicosia by building the Venetian Walls, and used it as an important commercial hub. Throughout Venetian rule, the Ottoman Empire frequently raided Cyprus. In 1539 the Ottomans destroyed Limassol and so fearing the worst, the Venetians also fortified Famagusta and Kyrenia.

Question: In what year did James II die?
Answer: 1473

Question: Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II?
Answer: Republic of Venice

Question: In what year did Venice formally annex the kingdom of Cyprus?
Answer: 1489

Question: Which empire frequently raided Cyprus during Venetian rule?
Answer: Ottoman Empire

Question: In what year did the Ottomans destroy Limassol?
Answer: 1539
Title: Cyprus

In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first significant demographic change since antiquity took place with the formation of a Muslim community. Soldiers who fought in the conquest settled on the island and Turkish peasants and craftsmen were brought to the island from Anatolia. This new community also included banished Anatolian tribes, "undesirable" persons and members of various "troublesome" Muslim sects, as well as a number of new converts on the island.

Question: In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault?
Answer: 1570

Question: Ottoman forces massacred which types of people?
Answer: Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants

Question: Turkish peasants and craftsman were brought to the island from where?
Answer: Anatolia
Title: Cyprus

The Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and acted as mediator between Christian Greek Cypriots and the Ottoman authorities. This status ensured that the Church of Cyprus was in a position to end the constant encroachments of the Roman Catholic Church. Ottoman rule of Cyprus was at times indifferent, at times oppressive, depending on the temperaments of the sultans and local officials, and the island began over 250 years of economic decline.

Question: What system did the Ottomans abolish in favor of the millet system?
Answer: feudal system

Question: Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population?
Answer: head of the Church of Cyprus

Question: Who was the Church of Cyprus hoping to end encroachments of?
Answer: Roman Catholic Church

Question: How many years did Cyprus face of economic decline?
Answer: 250 years
Title: Cyprus

The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim population included numerous crypto-Christians, including the Linobambaki, a crypto-Catholic community that arose due to religious persecution of the Catholic community by the Ottoman authorities; this community would assimilate into the Turkish Cypriot community during British rule.

Question: How many Muslims made up the island's population in 1777-78?
Answer: 47,000

Question: How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78?
Answer: 37,000

Question: What was the population of the island in 1872?
Answer: 144,000

Question: In 1872 the island contained how many Muslims?
Answer: 44,000

Question: In 1872 the island contained how many Christians?
Answer: 100,000
Title: Cyprus

As soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, modern Greece's first president Ioannis Kapodistrias called for union of Cyprus with Greece, and numerous minor uprisings took place. Reaction to Ottoman misrule led to uprisings by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, although none were successful. After centuries of neglect by the Turks, the unrelenting poverty of most of the people, and the ever-present tax collectors fuelled Greek nationalism, and by the 20th century idea of enosis, or union, with newly independent Greece was firmly rooted among Greek Cypriots.

Question: What year did the Greek war of independence break out?
Answer: 1821

Question: How many Greek Cypriots were arrested and executed by the Ottoman governor of Cyprus?
Answer: 486

Question: Who was modern Greece's first president?
Answer: Ioannis Kapodistrias

Question: What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for?
Answer: union of Cyprus with Greece
Title: Cyprus

The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.

Question: The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country?
Answer: Britain

Question: What years was the Famagusta harbour completed?
Answer: 1906

Question: Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal?
Answer: Suez Canal

Question: Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1?
Answer: Central Powers
Title: Cyprus

The Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus and Asia Minor with a capital in Constantinople, and was actively pursued by the Cypriot Orthodox Church, which had its members educated in Greece. These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA). The Greek Cypriots viewed the island as historically Greek and believed that union with Greece was a natural right. In the 1950s, the pursuit of enosis became a part of the Greek national policy,

Question: The Megali Idea was actively pursued by whom?
Answer: Cypriot Orthodox Church

Question: Historically, the idea of enosis was part of which other idea?
Answer: Megali Idea

Question: What guerrilla organization was founded by religious officials and military officers?
Answer: Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA).

Question: In what year decade did the pursuit of enosis become a part of national Greek policy?
Answer: 1950s
Title: Cyprus

Initially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in response to the militant activity of EOKA. The Turkish Cypriots also viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island and believed in their having a separate right to self-determination from Greek Cypriots. Meanwhile, in the 1950s, Turkish leader Menderes considered Cyprus an "extension of Anatolia", rejected the partition of Cyprus along ethnic lines and favoured the annexation of the whole island to Turkey. Nationalistic slogans centred on the idea that "Cyprus is Turkish" and the ruling party declared Cyprus to be a part of the Turkish homeland that was vital to its security. Upon realising the fact that the Turkish Cypriot population was only 20% of the islanders made annexation unfeasible, the national policy was changed to favour partition. The slogan "Partition or Death" was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot and Turkish protests starting in the late 1950s and continuing throughout the 1960s. Although after the Zürich and London conferences Turkey seemed to accept the existence of the Cypriot state and to distance itself from its policy of favouring the partition of the island, the goal of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot leaders remained that of creating an independent Turkish state in the northern part of the island.

Question: Who viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island of Cyprus?
Answer: Turkish Cypriots

Question: Initially Turkish Cypriots favoured the continued rule of what Western power?
Answer: British

Question: What percentage of the population did Turkish Cypriots make up?
Answer: 20%

Question: What slogan was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot protests?
Answer: "Partition or Death"
Title: Cyprus

In January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted autonomy under a constitution was proposed by the British administration but eventually rejected. In 1955 the EOKA organisation was founded, seeking union with Greece through armed struggle. At the same time the Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT), calling for Taksim, or partition, was established by the Turkish Cypriots as a counterweight. The British had also adopted at the time a policy of "divide and rule". Woodhouse, a British official in Cyprus, revealed that then British Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan "urged the Britons in Cyprus to stir up the Turks in order to neutralise Greek agitation". British officials also tolerated the creation of the Turkish underground organisation T.M.T. The Secretary of State for the Colonies in a letter dated 15 July 1958 had advised the Governor of Cyprus not to act against T.M.T despite its illegal actions so as not to harm British relations with the Turkish government.

Question: In what year did the Church of Cyprus organize a referendum?
Answer: 1950

Question: In 1946, the Greeks made up what percent of Cyprus' population?
Answer: 80.2%

Question: In what year was the EOKA organization founded?
Answer: 1955

Question: What is the name of the policy that the British adopted?
Answer: "divide and rule"
Title: Cyprus

On 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others  The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights.

Question: Which countries were part of the Zurich and London Agreement?
Answer: United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey

Question: What was Cyprus' total population when it gained independence?
Answer: 573,566

Question: What is the date that Cyrpus attained independence?
Answer: 16 August 1960

Question: What was the percentage of Greeks in the Cyprus population?
Answer: (77.1%

Question: What was the percentage of Turks in the Cyprus population?
Answer: 18.2%