rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Utrecht

In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of the Zocher plantsoen, an English style landscape park that remains largely intact today. Growth of the city increased when, in 1843, a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the main hub of the Dutch railway network. With the industrial revolution finally gathering speed in the Netherlands and the ramparts taken down, Utrecht began to grow far beyond the medieval centre. In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more. From the 1880s onward neighbourhoods such as Oudwijk, Wittevrouwen, Vogelenbuurt to the East, and Lombok to the West were developed. New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, several Jugendstil houses and office buildings were built, followed by Rietveld who built the Rietveld Schröder House (1924), and Dudok's construction of the city theater (1941).

Question: What hapend in the early 19th century
Answer: the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete

Question: In 1843 what brought growth to Utrecht 
Answer: a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened

Question: What was reinstated in 1853 
Answer: the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism

Question: what was built in the 1920's and 1930's 
Answer: New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built
Title: Utrecht

The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building.

Question: What was railway area developed into 
Answer: were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style

Question: What mall was constructed 
Answer: the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne

Question: What happened in the early 21 st century 
Answer: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped
Title: Utrecht

About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry. Approximately 10% of the population consists of immigrants from Western countries, while 21% of the population is of non-Western origin (9% Moroccan, 5% Turkish, 3% Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean and 5% of other countries). Some of the city's boroughs have a relatively high percentage of originally non-Dutch inhabitants – i.e. Kanaleneiland 83% and Overvecht 57%. Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems. About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households). Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.

Question: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face 
Answer: About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare

Question: percentage of population that's dutch 
Answer: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry

Question: What boroughs are known for high crime 
Answer: Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the close by municipalities De Bilt, Zeist, Houten, Vianen, Driebergen-Rijsenburg (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), and Bunnik should also be counted towards the Utrecht agglomeration, bringing the total to 640,000 inhabitants. The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants.

Question: What does the dense population make difficult 
Answer: which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.

Question: Least populates areas of Utrecht 
Answer: smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen

Question: More populated areas include 
Answer: The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second tallest building of the city, the Rabobank-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105 m (344.49 ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120 m (393.70 ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5 and 64.5 metres high respectively.

Question: what dominates the cityscape
Answer: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin

Question: What is being debated in Utrecht
Answer: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)

Question: What is the name of the stadium 
Answer: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)
Title: Utrecht

Another landmark is the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city. The Oudegracht is a curved canal, partly following the ancient main branch of the Rhine. It is lined with the unique wharf-basement structures that create a two-level street along the canals. The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact. Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified city, construction outside the medieval centre and its city walls was restricted until the 19th century. Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out. The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open. The Dutch Water Line, moved east of the city in the early 19th century required open lines of fire, thus prohibiting all permanent constructions until the middle of the 20th century on the east side of the city.

Question: What is a landmark in the city 
Answer: the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city

Question: What does the inner city look like 
Answer: The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact

Question: What surrounds the mid-evil inner city 
Answer: Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out

Question: What part of the city remains open 
Answer: The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum.

Question: What is the main railway station 
Answer: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht

Question: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service
Answer: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service

Question: Are there rail services to Germany 
Answer: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal

Question: where to regular local trains provide service 
Answer: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations
Title: Utrecht

The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by Arriva and Connexxion.

Question: Where is the bus station located 
Answer: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances

Question: renovations are causing what changes 
Answer: large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently

Question: what is qbuzz
Answer: Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district

Question: What is one of Europes cleanest 
Answer: The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport
Title: Utrecht

Like most Dutch cities, Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle, more than any other mode of transport. (Cars, for example, account for 30% of trips). Bicycles are used by young and old people, and by individuals and families. They are mostly traditional, upright, steel-framed bicycles, with few or no gears. There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children. As thousands of bicycles are parked haphazardly in town, creating an eyesore but also impeding pedestrians, the City Council decided in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station. This 3-floor construction will cost an estimated 48 million Euro and will hold 12,500 bicycles. Completion is foreseen in 2018.

Question: What does Utrecht provide for cyclist 
Answer: Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle

Question: What is a barrow bikes use 
Answer: There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children

Question: utrecht built the worlds largest what ?
Answer: in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.

Question: Is Utrecht connected to the Dutch road system
Answer: well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht:

Question: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect
Answer: A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany

Question: What does traffic elevate 
Answer: increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants
Title: Utrecht

Production industry constitutes a small part of the economy of Utrecht. The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city. It is the centre of the Dutch railroad network and the location of the head office of Nederlandse Spoorwegen. ProRail is headquartered in The De Inktpot (nl) (The Inkpot) – the largest brick building in the Netherlands (the "UFO" featured on its façade stems from an art program in 2000). Rabobank, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.

Question: What does Utrecht's economy  depend on 
Answer: The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city

Question: what is centered in Utrecht 
Answer: It is the centre of the Dutch railroad network and the location of the head office of Nederlandse Spoorwegen

Question: What bank is head quartered in Utrecht 
Answer: Rabobank, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.
Title: Utrecht

A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

Question: What is the name of the large shopping center 
Answer: Hoog Catharijne

Question: how are the shopping center corridors treated 
Answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

Question: What is being recreated 
Answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

Question: what is located on the west side of the rail station
Answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.

Question: What is the largest University in the city 
Answer: The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students

Question: what is shanghai jiaotong rated 
Answer: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world

Question: What smaller university is in Utrecht
Answer: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by Herman Hertzberger). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls.[citation needed] The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 has gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts. There is a specialised museum of automatically playing musical instruments.

Question: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to 
Answer: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam

Question: What music festival does Utrecht host 
Answer: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival

Question: What is the name of the music hall 
Answer: The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg

Question: Where are music students educated 
Answer: Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts
Title: Utrecht

There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts. The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy ("Nijntje", in Dutch). Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites.

Question: Where are young artist trained 
Answer: Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts

Question: Is street art legal 
Answer: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht

Question: What is considered landmark Architecture 
Answer: 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites
Title: Utrecht

To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

Question: What does the city host on Sundays 
Answer: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays

Question: What happens on Cultural Sunday 
Answer: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee

Question: What does the city subsidise
Answer: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten

Question: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor 
Answer: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
Title: Utrecht

Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year.

Question: What football team is Utrecht home to
Answer: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht

Question: What Utrecht waterways host to 
Answer: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs

Question: What is kampong 
Answer: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)

Question: What sports does Kampong support 
Answer: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.
Title: John_von_Neumann

John von Neumann (/vɒn ˈnɔɪmən/; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos, pronounced [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.

Question: What is John von Neumann's nationality?
Answer: Hungarian

Question: When was John von Neumann born?
Answer: December 28, 1903

Question: When did John von Neumann die?
Answer: February 8, 1957

Question: What was John von Neumann's major contribution to economics?
Answer: game theory

Question: What computing structure is named after John von Neumann?
Answer: Von Neumann architecture

Question: What was the birth date of John Von Neumann?
Answer: December 28, 1903

Question: When did John Von Neuman die?
Answer: February 8, 1957

Question: What were the occupations that Von Neuman held?
Answer: pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath

Question: What were Von Neuman's contributions to the field of computing?
Answer: Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing