rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.

Question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal?
Answer: Hunting

Question: Why do humans most commonly hunt wildlife?
Answer: food

Question: What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?
Answer: poaching

Question: What is poaching?
Answer: illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species

Question: What is the species which is hunted referred to as?
Answer: prey

Question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal called?
Answer: Hunting

Question: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
Answer: 2010s

Question: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?
Answer: poaching

Question: Hunted species are usually referred to as what?
Answer: game or prey

Question: What animals are usually hunted?
Answer: mammals and birds

Question: What is it called to kill or trap an animal?
Answer: Hunting

Question: What species are usually hunted?
Answer: mammals and birds

Question: Why do humans hunt?
Answer: food, recreation, to remove predators

Question: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
Answer: 2010s

Question: Species hunted are referred to as what? 
Answer: game or prey
Title: Hunting

Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.

Question: What does evidence suggest hunting may have been a factor in the extinction of?
Answer: holocene megafauna

Question: What was the North American megafauna extinction coincidental with?
Answer: Younger Dryas impact event

Question: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?
Answer: extinction of the Australian megafauna

Question: When was Australian's megafauna widespread?
Answer: prior to human occupation

Question: What along with multiple environmental factors led to the extinction of the holocene megafauna?
Answer: hunting

Question: What replaced the holocene megafauna?
Answer: smaller herbivores

Question: What event was coincidental with the North American megafauna extinction? 
Answer: Younger Dryas impact event

Question: What is thought to have played a significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna?
Answer: humans
Title: Hunting

While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.

Question: What is undisputed about early humans?
Answer: were hunters

Question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?
Answer: earlier Australopithecines

Question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?
Answer: hunting

Question: What became a theme of stories and myths?
Answer: hunting

Question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?
Answer: dance and animal sacrifice

Question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?
Answer: humans were hunters

Question: What did hunting become a theme of?
Answer: stories and myths

Question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis? 
Answer: hunting hypothesis
Title: Hunting

Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania.[citation needed]

Question: What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?
Answer: Hunter-gathering

Question: Where does the hunter-gathering lifestyle persist, though in decline?
Answer: some tribal societies

Question: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?
Answer: paleolithic hunting-gathering

Question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
Answer: the Hadza of Tanzania

Question: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent until when?
Answer: European Age of Discovery

Question: What parts of the New World did the hunter-gathering lifestyles remain?
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia

Question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
Answer: Hadza of Tanzania
Title: Hunting

Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.

Question: What is Louis Binford's profession?
Answer: Archaeologist

Question: What idea did Binford take issue with?
Answer: that early hominids and early humans were hunters

Question: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?
Answer: scavengers

Question: What idea did Blumenschine propose?
Answer: idea of confrontational scavenging

Question: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?
Answer: challenging and scaring off

Question: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?
Answer: Louis Binford

Question: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?
Answer: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers

Question: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?
Answer: confrontational scavenging

Question: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?
Answer: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists

Question: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?
Answer: challenging and scaring off
Title: Hunting

Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.

Question: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?
Answer: hunting

Question: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?
Answer: protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather

Question: What was the leather from hunting used for?
Answer: clothing

Question: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?
Answer: hunting weapons

Question: Where is hunting still vital?
Answer: marginal climates

Question: Hunt was a significant contributor to what?
Answer: human food supply

Question: Where is hunting still vital?
Answer: marginal climates

Question: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates?
Answer: unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture

Question: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?
Answer: make kayaks, clothing, and footwear
Title: Hunting

On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.

Question: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?
Answer: hunters

Question: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?
Answer: big game

Question: How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?
Answer: by deities

Question: What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?
Answer: hunting restrictions

Question: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?
Answer: disrespect of prey

Question: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?
Answer: lions

Question: What is often related to hunting?
Answer: Taboos

Question: Deities represent what importance?
Answer: cultural and psychological

Question: What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?
Answer: Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon
Title: Hunting

In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

Question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?
Answer: the upper class

Question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
Answer: food and furs

Question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
Answer: Robin Hood

Question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?
Answer: they "hunt the King's deer

Question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?
Answer: the upper class

Question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?
Answer: democratically in hunting for all

Question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
Answer: food and furs

Question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
Answer: Robin Hood

Question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?
Answer: they "hunt the King's deer

Question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?
Answer: democratically in hunting for all

Question: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?
Answer: upper class

Question: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?
Answer: food and furs

Question: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?
Answer: professional huntsmen

Question: The importance of can be seen in what legends?
Answer: Robin Hood

Question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?
Answer: all
Title: Hunting

Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. According to the Mahabharat, Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.

Question: What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?
Answer: acceptable

Question: What is one of the names of the god Shiva?
Answer: Mrigavyadha

Question: What is the translation of Mrigavyadha?
Answer: "the deer hunter"

Question: What does Shiva destroy in human beings?
Answer: animal instincts

Question: What talent does Dasharatha have?
Answer: hunt in the dark

Question: What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?
Answer: Hindu

Question: Godly figures have engaged in what activity?
Answer: hunting

Question: Mrigavyadha means what?
Answer: deer hunter

Question: Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?
Answer: human beings

Question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
Answer: died
Title: Hunting

From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.

Question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?
Answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics

Question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?
Answer: Corpus Juris Canonici

Question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?
Answer: Pope Innocent III

Question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?
Answer: not all hunting is illicit

Question: What type of hunting is unlawful?
Answer: clamorosa

Question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?
Answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics

Question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?
Answer: Corpus Juris Canonici

Question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?
Answer: Pope Innocent III

Question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?
Answer: mildly

Question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?
Answer: Council of Trent
Title: Hunting

Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.

Question: What distinction is undoubtedly permissible?
Answer: between lawful and unlawful hunting

Question: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?
Answer: all hunting

Question: Where did synods prohibit all hunting at?
Answer: Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere

Question: What did Benedict XIV declare about decrees prohibiting hunting?
Answer: not too severe

Question: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?
Answer: bishop

Question: Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?
Answer: Benedict XIV

Question: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?
Answer: prohibit all hunting to the clerics
Title: Hunting

New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

Question: What does New Zealand have?
Answer: strong hunting culture

Question: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?
Answer: bats

Question: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?
Answer: to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource

Question: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?
Answer: no natural predators

Question: What do government agencies view the animals as?
Answer: pests

Question: What country has a strong hunting culture?
Answer: New Zealand

Question: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?
Answer: bats

Question: What is New Zealand made up of?
Answer: islands

Question: Game animals were introduced here by whom?
Answer: acclimatisation societies

Question: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?
Answer: their population exploded
Title: Hunting

During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

Question: What was hunting regarded as in British India?
Answer: regal sport

Question: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?
Answer: big-game hunters

Question: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?
Answer: shikaris

Question: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?
Answer: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques

Question: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?
Answer: an elephant

Question: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?
Answer: British India

Question: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?
Answer: Bengal tigers

Question: Who did British officers maintain?
Answer: shikaris

Question: Who were the shikaris headed by?
Answer: master of the hunt

Question: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?
Answer: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
Title: Hunting

Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.

Question: What norms are generally antagonistic to hunting?
Answer: Regional social

Question: What sect lays special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
Answer: Bishnoi

Question: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?
Answer: Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

Question: Who may permit a person to hunt animals in India despite it being banned?
Answer: the Chief Wildlife Warden

Question: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?
Answer: government

Question: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
Answer: Bishnoi

Question: What bans the killing of all wild animals?
Answer: India's Wildlife Protection Act

Question: What year was this protection act put into place?
Answer: 1972

Question: Who can permit a person to hunt wild animals?
Answer: Chief Wildlife Warden

Question: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?
Answer: becomes government property
Title: Hunting

Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control to protect livestock, fox hunting became a popular social activity for newly wealthy upper classes in Victorian times and a traditional rural activity for riders and foot followers alike. Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds. Pairs of Sight hounds (or long-dogs), such as greyhounds, may be used to pursue a hare in coursing, where the greyhounds are marked as to their skill in coursing the hare (but are not intended to actually catch it), or the hare may be pursued with scent hounds such as beagles or harriers. Other sorts of foxhounds may also be used for hunting stags (deer) or mink. Deer stalking with rifles is carried out on foot without hounds, using stealth.

Question: What type of hunting is most closely associated with the UK?
Answer: fox hunting

Question: How do the English hunt foxes?
Answer: on horseback with hounds

Question: In England, what is hunted when "shooting" is called for?
Answer: birds

Question: Why were foxes originally hunted?
Answer: form of vermin control to protect livestock

Question: How is deer stalking with rifles carried out?
Answer: on foot without hounds, using stealth

Question: What hunting is done on horseback with hounds?
Answer: fox

Question: Hunting horseback with hound is associated with whom?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: In Victorian times a popular social activity was?
Answer: fox hunting

Question: What is carried out on foot without hounds?
Answer: Deer stalking

Question: Hounds were used for what purpose?
Answer: to pursue