rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Strasbourg

In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.

Question: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?
Answer: 1871

Question: What was the Treaty in 1871 called?
Answer: Treaty of Frankfurt

Question: What year was the university founded?
Answer: 1567

Question: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?
Answer: Rodolphe Reuss

Question:  What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?
Answer: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität
Title: Strasbourg

A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

Question: What was established around the city?  
Answer: fortifications

Question: Where is Fort Podbielski located?
Answer: Mundolsheim

Question: Where is Fort Bismark located?
Answer: Wolfisheim

Question: Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located?
Answer: Holtzheim

Question: Where is Fort Roon Located?
Answer: Mundolsheim
Title: Strasbourg

Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".

Question: In what war was the German Empire defeated? 
Answer: World War I

Question: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?
Answer: independent

Question: What date was Strasbourg declared a soviet government by insurgents?
Answer: 11 November 1918

Question: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?
Answer: French general Henri Gouraud

Question: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?
Answer: Raymond Poincaré
Title: Strasbourg

In 1919, following the Treaty of Versailles, the city was restituted to France in accordance with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" without a referendum. The date of the assignment was retroactively established on Armistice Day. It is doubtful whether a referendum in Strasbourg would have ended in France's favour since the political parties striving for an autonomous Alsace or a connection to France accounted only for a small proportion of votes in the last Reichstag as well as in the local elections. The Alsatian autonomists who were pro French had won many votes in the more rural parts of the region and other towns since the annexation of the region by Germany in 1871. The movement started with the first election for the Reichstag; those elected were called "les députés protestataires", and until the fall of Bismarck in 1890, they were the only deputies elected by the Alsatians to the German parliament demanding the return of those territories to France. At the last Reichstag election in Strasbourg and its periphery, the clear winners were the Social Democrats; the city was the administrative capital of the region, was inhabited by many Germans appointed by the central government in Berlin and its flourishing economy attracted many Germans. This could explain the difference between the rural vote and the one in Strasbourg. After the war, many Germans left Strasbourg and went back to Germany; some of them were denounced by the locals or expelled by the newly appointed authorities. The Saverne Affair was vivid in the memory among the Alsatians.

Question: What year was it restituted to France?  
Answer: 1919

Question: What autonomists were pro French?
Answer: Alsatian

Question: In what year did Bismarck fall?
Answer: 1890

Question: Who won the last election at Reichstag?
Answer: Social Democrats

Question: Who had vivid memories of the Saverne Affair?
Answer: Alsatians
Title: Strasbourg

Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten months, completely empty, with the exception of the garrisoned soldiers. The Jews of Strasbourg had been evacuated to Périgueux and Limoges, the University had been evacuated to Clermont-Ferrand.

Question: Who invaded Poland on 1 September 1939? 
Answer: German

Question: How many people were evacuated during the invasion?
Answer: 120,000

Question: What troops arrived in mid-June 1940?
Answer: Wehrmacht troops

Question: How long was the city completely empty?
Answer: ten months

Question: Where was the University evacuated?
Answer: Clermont-Ferrand
Title: Strasbourg

After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews were deported on 15 July 1940 and the main synagogue, a huge Romanesque revival building that had been a major architectural landmark with its 54-metre-high dome since its completion in 1897, was set ablaze, then razed.

Question: In what year was the Fall of France?
Answer: 1940

Question: What country was Alsace annexed to? 
Answer: Germany

Question: Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?
Answer: Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner

Question: When were the first evacuees allowed to return?
Answer: July 1940

Question:  How high was the dome at the Romanesque revival building?
Answer: 54-metre
Title: Strasbourg

In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner, the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler. In March 1942, Marcel Weinum was prosecuted by the Gestapo and sentenced to be beheaded at the age of 18 in April 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany. His last words will be: "If I have to die, I shall die but with a pure heart". From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft. While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake. In August 1944, several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs, particularly the Palais Rohan, the Old Customs House (Ancienne Douane) and the Cathedral. On 23 November 1944, the city was officially liberated by the 2nd French Armoured Division under General Leclerc. He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers, after the decisive Capture of Kufra. With the Oath of Kuffra, they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg.

Question: Who led the first Alsatian resistance movement?  
Answer: Marcel Weinum

Question: Who was the highest commander that is under Hitler?
Answer: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

Question: How was Marcel Weinum executed?
Answer: beheaded

Question: What was the city attacked by in 1943?
Answer: Allied aircraft

Question: On what date was the city liberated?
Answer: 23 November 1944
Title: Strasbourg

Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.

Question: What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? 
Answer: Malgré-nous

Question: Who sent deserters families to concentration camps?
Answer: Germans

Question: Where were the freed soviet captives sent?
Answer: Algiers

Question: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?
Answer: 23 November 1944
Title: Strasbourg

In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and government in December 1992. (This position was reconfirmed and given treaty status in the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam). However, only the (four-day) plenary sessions of the Parliament are held in Strasbourg each month, with all other business being conducted in Brussels and Luxembourg. Those sessions take place in the Immeuble Louise Weiss, inaugurated in 1999, which houses the largest parliamentary assembly room in Europe and of any democratic institution in the world. Before that, the EP sessions had to take place in the main Council of Europe building, the Palace of Europe, whose unusual inner architecture had become a familiar sight to European TV audiences. In 1992, Strasbourg became the seat of the Franco-German TV channel and movie-production society Arte.

Question: What council was the city given a seat for in 1949? 
Answer: Council of Europe

Question: When did the European Parliament begin meeting in Strasbourg?
Answer: 1952

Question: When was Louise Weiss inaugurated?
Answer: 1999
Title: Strasbourg

In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played, the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc. The Neo-Gothic church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique (there is also an adjacent church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant) serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood worked and painted altars coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental Ancienne Douane (old custom-house) stands out.

Question: What was partly destroyed by Allied bombings in 1944? 
Answer: Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne

Question: What organ did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart play on?
Answer: Silbermann organ

Question: Where is the Silbermann organ located?
Answer: Église Saint-Thomas

Question: What is the Neo-Gothic church called?
Answer: Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique
Title: Strasbourg

The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "Hôtel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall), the Hôtel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the préfet), the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor), the Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150 m (490 ft) long 1720s main building of the Hôpital civil. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style.

Question: How many museums does the Palais Rohan hold? 
Answer: three

Question: What did the city hall used to be known as?
Answer: Hôtel de Hanau

Question: What is the largest baroque building in Strasbourg?
Answer: Hôpital civil

Question: What did the military governors residence used to be called?
Answer: Hôtel des Deux-Ponts

Question: Where is the Opera House located?
Answer: Place Broglie
Title: Strasbourg

Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.

Question: What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer? 
Answer: eclecticist

Question: What war caused severe damage to Germany?
Answer: World War II

Question: What was the former imperial palace called?
Answer: Palais du Rhin

Question: What was the former girls college called?
Answer: Höhere Mädchenschule

Question: How high were some of the buildings in urban Germany?
Answer: seven stories
Title: Strasbourg

As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new Music school Cité de la Musique et de la Danse, the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station Hoenheim-Nord designed by Zaha Hadid.

Question: What is the fine Art Nouveau villa called? 
Answer: Villa Schutzenberger

Question: Who lost the architectural contest?
Answer: Le Corbusier

Question: Who built the European Court of Human Rights building?
Answer: Richard Rogers

Question: What did Zaha Hadid design?
Answer: Hoenheim-Nord

Question: What is considered to be the finest building?
Answer: European Court of Human Rights
Title: Strasbourg

Strasbourg features a number of prominent parks, of which several are of cultural and historical interest: the Parc de l'Orangerie, laid out as a French garden by André le Nôtre and remodeled as an English garden on behalf of Joséphine de Beauharnais, now displaying noteworthy French gardens, a neo-classical castle and a small zoo; the Parc de la Citadelle, built around impressive remains of the 17th-century fortress erected close to the Rhine by Vauban; the Parc de Pourtalès, laid out in English style around a baroque castle (heavily restored in the 19th century) that now houses a small three-star hotel, and featuring an open-air museum of international contemporary sculpture. The Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg (botanical garden) was created under the German administration next to the Observatory of Strasbourg, built in 1881, and still owns some greenhouses of those times. The Parc des Contades, although the oldest park of the city, was completely remodeled after World War II. The futuristic Parc des Poteries is an example of European park-conception in the late 1990s. The Jardin des deux Rives, spread over Strasbourg and Kehl on both sides of the Rhine opened in 2004 and is the most extended (60-hectare) park of the agglomeration. The most recent park is Parc du Heyritz (8,7 ha), opened in 2014 along a canal facing the hôpital civil.

Question: Who designed the Parc de l'Orangerie? 
Answer: André le Nôtre

Question: What park has a small zoo in it?
Answer: Parc de l'Orangerie

Question: What park is built close to the Rhine by Vauban?
Answer: Parc de la Citadelle

Question: What year was the Observatory of Strasbourg built?
Answer: 1881

Question: What is the oldest park in the city?
Answer: Parc des Contades
Title: Strasbourg

Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871 as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871 are displayed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts. Old master graphic arts until 1871 is displayed in the Cabinet des estampes et dessins. Decorative arts until 1681 ("German period") are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, decorative arts from 1681 to 1871 ("French period") are displayed in the Musée des Arts décoratifs. International art (painting, sculpture, graphic arts) and decorative art since 1871 is displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain. The latter museum also displays the city's photographic library.

Question: Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? 
Answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

Question: Where are old master graphic arts until 1871 displayed?
Answer: Cabinet des estampes et dessins

Question: Where are decorative arts until 1681 displayed?
Answer: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame

Question: Where is the city's photographic library?
Answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain

Question: Where is the international art since 1871 displayed?
Answer: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain
Title: Strasbourg

Strasbourg, well known as centre of humanism, has a long history of excellence in higher-education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions. Although Strasbourg had been annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1683, it still remained connected to the German-speaking intellectual world throughout the 18th century and the university attracted numerous students from the Holy Roman Empire, including Goethe, Metternich and Montgelas, who studied law in Strasbourg, among the most prominent. Nowadays, Strasbourg is known to offer among the best university courses in France, after Paris.

Question: What is Strasbourg known as?
Answer: centre of humanism

Question: When was Strasbourg annexed by the Kingdom of France?
Answer: 1683

Question: What did Montgelas study?
Answer: law

Question:  From what empire did students come from to attend university?
Answer: Holy Roman Empire
Title: Strasbourg

The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out "...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman."

Question: What is the second largest library in France? 
Answer: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire

Question: How many titles does the library have?
Answer: 3,000,000

Question: Who founded the library?
Answer: German administration

Question: When was the previous library destroyed?
Answer: 1871

Question: What was the library marked as on the map?
Answer: City Hall
Title: Strasbourg

As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, ca. 2 098 Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg, 394 Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire, 238 Médiathèque protestante, 94 and Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel, 5.

Question: What are incunabula's? 
Answer: documents printed before 1500

Question: When was the library destroyed?
Answer: 1870

Question: What kind of building holds incunabula's today?
Answer: public and institutional libraries