rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Czech_language

Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages. The five countries with the greatest use of Czech were the Czech Republic (98.77 percent), Slovakia (24.86 percent), Portugal (1.93 percent), Poland (0.98 percent) and Germany (0.47 percent).

Question: What is the official language of the Czech republic?
Answer: Czech

Question: How long has the Czech Republic been a member of the European Union?
Answer: since 2004

Question: What distinction does Czech have in Slovakia?
Answer: foreign language most often used

Question: Who collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day of Languages?
Answer: Jonathan van Parys

Question: Of the five countries with the greatest use of Czech, which country had the lowest percent of use?
Answer: Germany
Title: Czech_language

Immigration of Czechs from Europe to the United States occurred primarily from 1848 to 1914. Czech is a Less Commonly Taught Language in U.S. schools, and is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and ahead of Swedish).

Question: Czechs immigrated from Europe to the U.S. primary from 1848 to when?
Answer: 1914

Question: What kind of language is Czech in U.S. schools?
Answer: a Less Commonly Taught Language

Question: What states have large communities of Czech Americans?
Answer: Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin

Question: What is the most commonly spoken non-English language at homes nationwide in the U.S.?
Answer: Spanish

Question: How many Americans spoke Czech as their first language as of 2009?
Answer: 70,500
Title: Czech_language

In addition to a spoken standard and a closely related written standard, Czech has several regional dialects primarily used in rural areas by speakers less proficient in other dialects or standard Czech. During the second half of the twentieth century, Czech dialect use began to weaken. By the early 1990s dialect use was stigmatized, associated with the shrinking lower class and used in literature or other media for comedic effect. Increased travel and media availability to dialect-speaking populations has encouraged them to shift to (or add to their own dialect) standard Czech. Although Czech has received considerable scholarly interest for a Slavic language, this interest has focused primarily on modern standard Czech and ancient texts rather than dialects. Standard Czech is still the norm for politicians, businesspeople and other Czechs in formal situations, but Common Czech is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media.

Question: How many regional dialects does Czech have?
Answer: several

Question: Where are dialects of Czech commonly found?
Answer: rural areas

Question: What is dialect use associated with and thus stigmatized because of?
Answer: lower class

Question: What kind of scholarly interest has Czech received?
Answer: considerable

Question: What Czech dialect is gaining ground in journalism and the mass media?
Answer: Common
Title: Czech_language

The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office. As of 2011, 62,908 Czech citizens spoke Moravian as their first language and 45,561 were diglossal (speaking Moravian and standard Czech as first languages).

Question: What are the dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia known as?
Answer: Moravian

Question: Where could citizens register "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak' as being their spoken language?
Answer: the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Question: Which of the Czech dialects is the only one distinguished in the nationwide surveys by the Czech Statistical Office?
Answer: Moravian

Question: How many Czechs spoke Moravian as their first language as of 2011?
Answer: 62,908

Question: How many Czechs spoke both Moravian and standard Czech as first languages in 2011?
Answer: 45,561
Title: Czech_language

Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced to schwa sounds when unstressed. Each word usually has primary stress on its first syllable, except for enclitics (minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables). In all words of more than two syllables, every odd-numbered syllable receives secondary stress. Stress is unrelated to vowel length, and the possibility of stressed short vowels and unstressed long vowels can be confusing to students whose native language combines the features (such as English).

Question: How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain?
Answer: ten

Question: Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech?
Answer: loanwords

Question: What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed?
Answer: schwa sounds

Question: What is stress unrelated to in Czech?
Answer: vowel length

Question: What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech?
Answer: first syllable
Title: Czech_language

Although older German loanwords were colloquial, recent borrowings from other languages are associated with high culture. During the nineteenth century, words with Greek and Latin roots were rejected in favor of those based on older Czech words and common Slavic roots; "music" is muzyka in Polish and музыка (muzyka) in Russian, but in Czech it is hudba. Some Czech words have been borrowed as loanwords into English and other languages—for example, robot (from robota, "labor") and polka (from polka, "Polish woman" or from "půlka" "half").

Question: In Czech, what are loanwords from other languages associated with?
Answer: high culture

Question: What word roots in the 19th century were rejected in favor of words with more common Slavic roots?
Answer: Greek and Latin

Question: How does one say the word "music" in Czech?
Answer: hudba

Question: What Czech word did the English "robot" derive from?
Answer: robota

Question: What is the meaning of the Czech word "robota"?
Answer: labor
Title: Czech_language

Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, "and", i, "and even" or ale, "but").

Question: Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence?
Answer: grammatical case

Question: In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?
Answer: a verb

Question: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?
Answer: information

Question: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?
Answer: Enclitics

Question: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?
Answer: second syntactic slot
Title: Czech_language

Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed Paul" to "Paul was killed by Peter" the order of subject and object is inverted: Petr zabil Pavla ("Peter killed Paul") becomes "Paul, Peter killed" (Pavla zabil Petr). Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.

Question: What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax?
Answer: subject–verb–object

Question: Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?
Answer: topicalization and focus

Question: What kind of passive construction does Czech have?
Answer: periphrastic

Question: What happens to the subject and object to produce a passive voice in Czech?
Answer: inverted

Question: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?
Answer: accusative
Title: Czech_language

In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of movement. The remaining cases (instrumental, locative, vocative and dative) indicate semantic relationships, such as secondary objects, movement or position (dative case) and accompaniment (instrumental case). An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it describes. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

Question: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?
Answer: seven

Question: When are nouns in Czech inflected?
Answer: to indicate their use in a sentence

Question: How does Czech mark subject nouns?
Answer: with nominative case

Question: What nouns does Czech use the accusative case to mark?
Answer: object

Question: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?
Answer: the noun it describes
Title: Czech_language

Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animacy (for masculine nouns in the accusative or genitive singular and the nominative plural) with the nouns they modify. The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made).

Question: How many genders does Czech distinguish?
Answer: three

Question: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into?
Answer: animate and inanimate

Question: What do Czech adjectives agree with in the nouns they modify?
Answer: gender and animacy

Question: What does gender also affect in Czech?
Answer: past-tense verb endings

Question: What is the main effect of gender in Czech?
Answer: difference in noun and adjective declension
Title: Czech_language

Nouns are also inflected for number, distinguishing between singular and plural. Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five place these nouns and adjectives in the genitive case when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case. The Czech koruna is an example of this feature; it is shown here as the subject of a hypothetical sentence, and declined as genitive for numbers five and up.

Question: What are inflected for number in Czech?
Answer: Nouns

Question: What are the cardinal numbers one through four in Czech allowed to take?
Answer: any case

Question: What case are numbers over five in?
Answer: genitive

Question: When is the genitive case used?
Answer: when the entire expression is in nominative or accusative case

Question: What is Czech's handling of cardinal numbers typical of?
Answer: a Slavic language
Title: Czech_language

Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperfective verbs it is ongoing. This is distinct from past and present tense, and any Czech verb of either aspect can be conjugated into any of its three tenses. Aspect describes the state of the action at the time specified by the tense.

Question: What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs?
Answer: marks

Question: What describes the state of the action of the verb at the time specified by its tense?
Answer: Aspect

Question: What two grammatical aspects can verbs in Czech have?
Answer: perfective and imperfective

Question: In perfective verbs, what state is the action the verb describes in?
Answer: completed

Question: In which verbs in Czech is the action the verb describes still ongoing?
Answer: imperfective
Title: Czech_language

The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective psát (to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective napsat (to write down, to finish writing). The most common prefixes are na-, o-, po-, s-, u-, vy-, z- and za-. In suffix pairs, a different infinitive ending is added to the perfective stem; for example, the perfective verbs koupit (to buy) and prodat (to sell) have the imperfective forms kupovat and prodávat. Imperfective verbs may undergo further morphology to make other imperfective verbs (iterative and frequentative forms), denoting repeated or regular action. The verb jít (to go) has the iterative form chodit (to go repeatedly) and the frequentative form chodívat (to go regularly).

Question: How many ways can a verb in an aspect pair differ?
Answer: two ways

Question: What does a perfective verb have added in prefix pairs?
Answer: an added prefix

Question: What is added to the ending in suffix pairs?
Answer: different infinitive ending

Question: What can imperfective verb undergo to make other imperfective verbs?
Answer: further morphology

Question: What type of action can second level morphed imperfective verbs denote?
Answer: repeated or regular action
Title: Czech_language

The infinitive form ends in t (archaically, ti). It is the form found in dictionaries and the form that follows auxiliary verbs (for example, můžu tě slyšet—"I can hear you"). Czech verbs have three grammatical moods: indicative, imperative and conditional. The imperative mood adds specific endings for each of three person (or number) categories: -Ø/-i/-ej for second-person singular, -te/-ete/-ejte for second-person plural and -me/-eme/-ejme for first-person plural. The conditional mood is formed with a particle after the past-tense verb. This mood indicates possible events, expressed in English as "I would" or "I wish".

Question: What verb form is found in Czech dictionaries?
Answer: infinitive

Question: How many grammatical moods do Czech verbs have?
Answer: three

Question: What are the grammatical moods of Czech verbs?
Answer: indicative, imperative and conditional

Question: What mood adds specific endings for each of three person or number categories?
Answer: imperative

Question: Which Czech verb mood indicates possible events?
Answer: conditional
Title: Czech_language

Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its thirty-one graphemes represent thirty sounds (in most dialects, i and y have the same sound), and it contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. As a result, some of its characters have been used by phonologists to denote corresponding sounds in other languages. The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words. The háček (ˇ) is used with certain letters to form new characters: š, ž, and č, as well as ň, ě, ř, ť, and ď (the latter five uncommon outside Czech). The last two letters are sometimes written with a comma above (ʼ, an abbreviated háček) because of their height. The character ó exists only in loanwords and onomatopoeia.

Question: What language has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages?
Answer: Czech

Question: How many graphemes does Czech have?
Answer: thirty-one

Question: What have some of Czech's characters been used for by phonologists to denote?
Answer: corresponding sounds in other languages

Question: What character in Czech only exists in loanwords?
Answer: ó

Question: In Czech, what type of words do the characters "q", "w" and "x" exclusively appear in?
Answer: foreign
Title: Czech_language

Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics generally resemble those of most Latin European languages, including English. Proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations are capitalized, and punctuation is typical of other Latin European languages. Writing of ordinal numerals is similar to most European languages. The Czech language uses a decimal comma instead of a decimal point. When writing a long number, spaces between every three numbers (e.g. between hundreds and thousands) may be used for better orientation in handwritten texts, but not in decimal places, like in English. The number 1,234,567.8910 may be written as 1234567,8910 or 1 234 567,8910. Ordinal numbers (1st) use a point as in German (1.). In proper noun phrases (except personal names), only the first word is capitalized (Pražský hrad, Prague Castle).

Question: What do Czech typographical features not associated with phonetics tend to resemble?
Answer: those of most Latin European languages

Question: In Czech, what is done to proper nouns, honorifics, and the first letters of quotations?
Answer: capitalized

Question: What is typical in Czech as other Latin European languages?
Answer: punctuation

Question: What language does Czech share its handling of ordinal format with?
Answer: German

Question: What word is capitalized in proper noun phrases in Czech?
Answer: only the first
Title: Digimon

(デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks. In many incarnations, Digimon are raised by humans called "Digidestined" or "Tamers", and they team up to defeat evil Digimon and human villains who are trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world.

Question: What does Digimon stand for?
Answer: Digital Monsters

Question: What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?
Answer: virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game

Question: What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?
Answer: a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks

Question: What are the people who raise Digimon called?
Answer: "Digidestined" or "Tamers"

Question: What are the Digimon villians main goals?
Answer: trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world
Title: Digimon

The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influenced by American comics. The franchise gained momentum with its first anime incarnation, Digimon Adventure, and an early video game, Digimon World, both released in 1999. Several seasons of the anime and films based on them have aired, and the video game series has expanded into genres such as role-playing, racing, fighting, and MMORPGs. Other media forms have also been released.

Question: When did Digimon first appear?
Answer: 1997

Question: Name the original Digimon anime.
Answer: Digimon Adventure

Question: Name the Digimon video game that was released in 1999.
Answer: Digimon World

Question: Name two types of toys the original Digimon bore a close resemblence to.
Answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

Question: When was the Digimon series created?
Answer: 1997

Question: What influenced the look of the Digimons?
Answer: Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys

Question: In what year was the Digimon video game released?
Answer: 1999
Title: Digimon

Digimon was first conceived as a virtual pet toy in the vein of Tamagotchis and, as such, took influence from Tamagotchis' cute and round designs. The small areas of the screens (16 by 16 pixels) meant that character designers had to create monsters whose forms would be easily recognizable. As such, many of the early Digimon—including Tyrannomon, the first one ever created—were based on dinosaurs. Many further designs were created by Kenji Watanabe, who was brought in to help with the "X-Antibody" creatures and art for the Digimon collectible card game. Watanabe was one influenced by American comics, which were beginning to gain popularity in Japan, and as such began to make his characters look stronger and "cool." The character creation process, however, has for most of the franchise's history been collaborative and reliant on conversation and brainstorming.

Question: What kind of toy were the original Digimon?
Answer: virtual pet toy

Question: What kind of creatures where the early digimon patterned after?
Answer: dinosaurs

Question: What properties of american comics were the later generations of digimon trying to capture?
Answer: stronger and "cool."

Question: Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design?
Answer: Kenji Watanabe

Question: What was the name of the original Digimon character?
Answer: Tyrannomon

Question: What was the screen size of the Digimon toy?
Answer: 16 by 16 pixels

Question: What animals were the digimon based off of?
Answer: dinosaurs

Question: Who was the designer of the Digimon card game?
Answer: Kenji Watanabe

Question: How did Watanabe get his influence?
Answer: American comics