rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Pacific_War

It was imperative for Japanese commanders to hold Saipan. The only way to do this was to destroy the U.S. Fifth Fleet, which had 15 fleet carriers and 956 planes, 7 battleships, 28 submarines, and 69 destroyers, as well as several light and heavy cruisers. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa attacked with nine-tenths of Japan's fighting fleet, which included nine carriers with 473 planes, 5 battleships, several cruisers, and 28 destroyers. Ozawa's pilots were outnumbered 2:1 and their aircraft were becoming or were already obsolete. The Japanese had considerable antiaircraft defenses but lacked proximity fuzes or good radar. With the odds against him, Ozawa devised an appropriate strategy. His planes had greater range because they were not weighed down with protective armor; they could attack at about 480 km (300 mi)[citation needed], and could search a radius of 900 km[citation needed] (560 mi). U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters could only attack within 200 miles (320 km) and only search within a 325-mile (523 km)[citation needed] radius. Ozawa planned to use this advantage by positioning his fleet 300 miles (480 km)[citation needed] out. The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers. Ozawa also counted on about 500 land-based planes at Guam and other islands.

Question: What was it imperative for the Japanese to hold?
Answer: Saipan

Question: How many fleet carriers did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?
Answer: 15

Question: How many fleet planes did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?
Answer: 956

Question: What was the search radius of U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters?
Answer: 325-mile

Question: How many carriers did Ozawa have?
Answer: nine
Title: Pacific_War

The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point. Over the previous month American destroyers had destroyed 17 of 25 submarines out of Ozawa's screening force. Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes. Ozawa's main attack lacked coordination, with the Japanese planes arriving at their targets in a staggered sequence. Following a directive from Nimitz, the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats. The result was later dubbed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The few attackers to reach the U.S. fleet encountered massive AA fire with proximity fuzes. Only one American warship was slightly damaged.

Question: How many of Ozawa's submarines were sunk by American destroyers?
Answer: 17

Question: In what sequence did Japanese planes arrive at their targets?
Answer: staggered

Question: How many American warships were damaged during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?
Answer: one

Question: Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?
Answer: combat information centers

Question: Who gave the directive for all carriers in the US Navy to have combat information centers?
Answer: Nimitz
Title: Pacific_War

On the second day, U.S. reconnaissance planes located Ozawa's fleet, 275 miles (443 km)[citation needed] away, and submarines sank two Japanese carriers. Mitscher launched 230 torpedo planes and dive bombers. He then discovered the enemy was actually another 60 miles (97 km)[citation needed] further off, out of aircraft range (based on a roundtrip flight). Mitscher decided this chance to destroy the Japanese fleet was worth the risk of aircraft losses due to running out of fuel on the return flight. Overall, the U.S. lost 130 planes and 76 aircrew; however, Japan lost 450 planes, three carriers, and 445 aircrew. The Imperial Japanese Navy's carrier force was effectively destroyed.

Question: On what day did U.S> planes located Ozawa's fleet?
Answer: second

Question: How many miles away was Ozawa's fleet located?
Answer: 275

Question: How many planes did the U.S. lose?
Answer: 130

Question: How many planes did Japan lose?
Answer: 450

Question: How many U.S. aircrews were lost?
Answer: 76
Title: Pacific_War

The Battle of Leyte Gulf was arguably the largest naval battle in history and was the largest naval battle of World War II. It was a series of four distinct engagements fought off the Philippine island of Leyte from 23 to 26 October 1944. Leyte Gulf featured the largest battleships ever built, was the last time in history that battleships engaged each other, and was also notable as the first time that kamikaze aircraft were used. Allied victory in the Philippine Sea established Allied air and sea superiority in the western Pacific. Nimitz favored blockading the Philippines and landing on Formosa. This would give the Allies control of the sea routes to Japan from southern Asia, cutting off substantial Japanese garrisons. MacArthur favored an invasion of the Philippines, which also lay across the supply lines to Japan. Roosevelt adjudicated in favor of the Philippines. Meanwhile, Japanese Combined Fleet Chief Toyoda Soemu prepared four plans to cover all Allied offensive scenarios. On 12 October Nimitz launched a carrier raid against Formosa to make sure that planes based there could not intervene in the landings on Leyte. Toyoda put Plan Sho-2 into effect, launching a series of air attacks against the U.S. carriers. However the Japanese lost 600 planes in three days, leaving them without air cover.

Question: What is argued to be the largest naval battle in history?
Answer: Battle of Leyte Gulf

Question: When did the Battle of Leyte Gulf occur?
Answer: 23 to 26 October 1944

Question: When did Nimitz launch a carrier raid against Formosa?
Answer: 12 October

Question: What was the largest naval battle in World War II?
Answer: Battle of Leyte Gulf

Question: What did Nimitz favor blockading?
Answer: Philippines
Title: Pacific_War

Sho-1 called for V. Adm. Jisaburo Ozawa's force to use an apparently vulnerable carrier force to lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte and remove air cover from the Allied landing forces, which would then be attacked from the west by three Japanese forces: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita's force would enter Leyte Gulf and attack the landing forces; R. Adm. Shoji Nishimura's force and V. Adm. Kiyohide Shima's force would act as mobile strike forces. The plan was likely to result in the destruction of one or more of the Japanese forces, but Toyoda justified it by saying that there would be no sense in saving the fleet and losing the Philippines.

Question: Who would enter Leyte Gulf to attack the Allied landing forces?
Answer: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita

Question: How many Japanese forces were likely to be destroyed?
Answer: one or more

Question: What was the namee of the plan where Ozawa's force would lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte?
Answer: Sho-1
Title: Pacific_War

Kurita's "Center Force" consisted of five battleships, 12 cruisers and 13 destroyers. It included the two largest battleships ever built: Yamato and Musashi. As they passed Palawan Island after midnight on 23 October the force was spotted, and U.S. submarines sank two cruisers. On 24 October, as Kurita's force entered the Sibuyan Sea, USS Intrepid and USS Cabot launched 260 planes, which scored hits on several ships. A second wave of planes scored many direct hits on Musashi. A third wave, from USS Enterprise and USS Franklin hit Musashi with 11 bombs and eight torpedoes. Kurita retreated but in the evening turned around to head for San Bernardino Strait. Musashi sank at about 19:30.

Question: How many battleships were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: five

Question: How many cruisers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 12

Question: How many destroyers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 13

Question: When did Kurita's force enter the Sibuyan Sea?
Answer: 24 October
Title: Pacific_War

Nishimura's force consisted of two battleships, one cruiser and four destroyers. Because they were observing radio silence, Nishimura was unable to synchronize with Shima and Kurita. Nishimura and Shima had failed to even coordinate their plans before the attacks – they were long-time rivals and neither wished to have anything to do with the other. When he entered the narrow Surigao Strait at about 02:00, Shima was 22 miles (40 km) behind him, and Kurita was still in the Sibuyan Sea, several hours from the beaches at Leyte. As they passed Panaon Island, Nishimura's force ran into a trap set for them by the U.S.-Australian 7th Fleet Support Force. R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf had six battleships, four heavy cruisers, four light cruisers, 29 destroyers and 39 PT boats. To pass the strait and reach the landings, Nishimura had to run the gauntlet. At about 03:00 the Japanese battleship Fusō and three destroyers were hit by torpedoes and Fusō broke in two. At 03:50 the U.S. battleships opened fire. Radar fire control meant they could hit targets from a much greater distance than the Japanese. The battleship Yamashiro, a cruiser and a destroyer were crippled by 16-inch (406 mm) shells; Yamashiro sank at 04:19. Only one of Nishimura's force of seven ships survived the engagement. At 04:25 Shima's force of two cruisers and eight destroyers reached the battle. Seeing Fusō and believing her to be the wrecks of two battleships, Shima ordered a retreat, ending the last battleship-vs-battleship action in history.

Question: How many battleships were in Nishimura's force?
Answer: two

Question: Which Japanese admiral was a  rival of Nishimura?
Answer: Shima

Question: How many miles was Shima's fleet behind Nishimura?
Answer: 22

Question: Who set the trap for the Japanese forces as they sailed by Panaon Island?
Answer: R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf

Question: How many battleships did the U.S.-Australian 7th Fleet have?
Answer: six
Title: Pacific_War

Ozawa's "Northern Force" had four aircraft carriers, two obsolete battleships partly converted to carriers, three cruisers and nine destroyers. The carriers had only 108 planes. The force was not spotted by the Allies until 16:40 on 24 October. At 20:00 Toyoda ordered all remaining Japanese forces to attack. Halsey saw an opportunity to destroy the remnants of the Japanese carrier force. The U.S. Third Fleet was formidable – nine large carriers, eight light carriers, six battleships, 17 cruisers, 63 destroyers and 1,000 planes – and completely outgunned Ozawa's force. Halsey's ships set out in pursuit of Ozawa just after midnight. U.S. commanders ignored reports that Kurita had turned back towards San Bernardino Strait. They had taken the bait set by Ozawa. On the morning of 25 October Ozawa launched 75 planes. Most were shot down by U.S. fighter patrols. By 08:00 U.S. fighters had destroyed the screen of Japanese fighters and were hitting ships. By evening, they had sunk the carriers Zuikaku, Zuihō, and Chiyoda, and a destroyer. The fourth carrier, Chitose, and a cruiser were disabled and later sank.

Question: When did the allies spot Ozawa's "Northern Force"?
Answer: 16:40 on 24 October

Question: How many aircraft carriers were in Ozawa's "Northern Force"?
Answer: four

Question: How many planes were in the U.S. 3rd Fleet?
Answer: 1,000

Question: How many cruisers were in the U.S. Third Fleet?
Answer: 17

Question: How many destroyers were in the U.S. Third Fleet?
Answer: 63
Title: Pacific_War

Kurita passed through San Bernardino Strait at 03:00 on 25 October and headed along the coast of Samar. The only thing standing in his path were three groups (Taffy 1, 2 and 3) of the Seventh Fleet, commanded by Admiral Thomas Kinkaid. Each group had six escort carriers, with a total of more than 500 planes, and seven or eight destroyers or destroyer escorts (DE). Kinkaid still believed that Lee's force was guarding the north, so the Japanese had the element of surprise when they attacked Taffy 3 at 06:45. Kurita mistook the Taffy carriers for large fleet carriers and thought he had the whole Third Fleet in his sights. Since escort carriers stood little chance against a battleship, Adm. Clifton Sprague directed the carriers of Taffy 3 to turn and flee eastward, hoping that bad visibility would reduce the accuracy of Japanese gunfire, and used his destroyers to divert the Japanese battleships. The destroyers made harassing torpedo attacks against the Japanese. For ten minutes Yamato was caught up in evasive action. Two U.S. destroyers and a DE were sunk, but they had bought enough time for the Taffy groups to launch planes. Taffy 3 turned and fled south, with shells scoring hits on some of its carriers and sinking one of them. The superior speed of the Japanese force allowed it to draw closer and fire on the other two Taffy groups. However, at 09:20 Kurita suddenly turned and retreated north. Signals had disabused him of the notion that he was attacking the Third Fleet, and the longer Kurita continued to engage, the greater the risk of major air strikes. Destroyer attacks had broken the Japanese formations, shattering tactical control. Three of Kurita's heavy cruisers had been sunk and another was too damaged to continue the fight. The Japanese retreated through the San Bernardino Strait, under continuous air attack. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was over; and a large part of the Japanese surface fleet destroyed.

Question: When did Kurita pass through the San Bernardino Strait?
Answer: 03:00 on 25 October

Question: Where did Kurit head after passing through the San Bernardino Strait?
Answer: along the coast of Samar

Question: Admiral Kincaid commanded what three groups of the Seventh Fleet?
Answer: Taffy 1, 2 and 3

Question: What broke the Japanes formations under Kurita?
Answer: Destroyer attacks

Question: How many of Kurita's heavy cruisers were sunk?
Answer: Three
Title: Pacific_War

The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's force had begun the battle with five battleships; when he returned to Japan, only Yamato was combat-worthy. Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.

Question: What were the Leyte beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army secured from?
Answer: attack from the sea

Question: When did Operation Ten-Go occur?
Answer: April 1945

Question: How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with?
Answer: five

Question: What was the last battleship in history to engage in combat with another battleship?
Answer: Yamashiro

Question: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?
Answer: Yamato
Title: Pacific_War

On 20 October 1944 the U.S. Sixth Army, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, north of Mindanao. The U.S. Sixth Army continued its advance from the east, as the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the Ormoc Bay area on the western side of the island. While the Sixth Army was reinforced successfully, the U.S. Fifth Air Force was able to devastate the Japanese attempts to resupply. In torrential rains and over difficult terrain, the advance continued across Leyte and the neighboring island of Samar to the north. On 7 December U.S. Army units landed at Ormoc Bay and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and supply Leyte. Although fierce fighting continued on Leyte for months, the U.S. Army was in control.

Question: When did the U.S. Sixth Army land on the eastern shore of Leyte?
Answer: 20 October 1944

Question: Where did the Japanese rush reinforcments to on the western side of Leyte?
Answer: Ormoc Bay area

Question: What force devastated resupply attempts by the Japanese?
Answer: U.S. Fifth Air Force

Question: Fighting continued on Leyte for how long?
Answer: months

Question: What was the neighboring island to the north of Leyte.
Answer: Samar
Title: Pacific_War

On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro, a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations, in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon. On 9 January 1945, on the south shore of Lingayen Gulf on the western coast of Luzon, General Krueger's Sixth Army landed his first units. Almost 175,000 men followed across the twenty-mile (32 km) beachhead within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking Clark Field, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January.

Question: Landings were made on the beaches of what island on December 15, 1944?
Answer: Mindoro

Question: Lingayen Gulf operations supported what landings?
Answer: Luzon

Question: Who led the Sixth Army?
Answer: General Krueger

Question: Clark field was how many miles northwest of Manila?
Answer: 40
Title: Pacific_War

Palawan Island, between Borneo and Mindoro, the fifth largest and western-most Philippine Island, was invaded on 28 February with landings of the Eighth Army at Puerto Princesa. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles, dispersed as small units. Throughout the Philippines, U.S. forces were aided by Filipino guerrillas to find and dispatch the holdouts.

Question: What island was between Borneo and Mindoro?
Answer: Palawan

Question: What island was invaded by the Eighth Army on February 28?
Answer: Palawan

Question: Where did the Eighth Army land?
Answer: Puerto Princesa

Question: Who aided U.S. forces in finding Japanese holdouts in the Philippines?
Answer: Filipino guerrillas

Question: What is the western-most Philippine island?
Answer: Palawan
Title: Pacific_War

The battle of Iwo Jima ("Operation Detachment") in February 1945 was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans in the Pacific War. Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands. Holland Smith, the commander of the invasion force, aimed to capture the island, and utilize its three airfields as bases to carry out air attacks against the Home Islands. Lt. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander of the island's defense, knew that he could not win the battle, but he hoped to make the Americans suffer far more than they could endure.

Question: What was "Operation Detachment"?
Answer: battle of Iwo Jima

Question: When did "Operation Detachment" occur?
Answer: February 1945

Question: How many square miles is the island of Iwo Jima?
Answer: 8

Question: Iwo Jima is halfway between the Mariana Islands and what city?
Answer: Tokyo

Question: How many airfields were on Iwo Jima?
Answer: three
Title: Pacific_War

From early 1944 until the days leading up to the invasion, Kuribayashi transformed the island into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and 11 mi (18 km) of underground tunnels. The heavy American naval and air bombardment did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. Their pillboxes and bunkers were all connected so that if one was knocked out, it could be reoccupied again. The network of bunkers and pillboxes greatly favored the defender.

Question: How many miles of hidden tunnel were on the island?
Answer: 11

Question: What were the pillboxes and bunkers connected by?
Answer: underground tunnels

Question: Who transformed the island into a fortress?
Answer: Kuribayashi

Question: Who did the network of fortifications on the island favor?
Answer: the defender
Title: Pacific_War

Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded.

Question: When did Iwo Jima come under bombardment?
Answer: mid-June 1944

Question: How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945?
Answer: some 30,000

Question: What was the name of the mountain on Iwo Jima?
Answer: Mount Suribachi

Question: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?
Answer: almost 2,000
Title: Pacific_War

On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Suribachi, prompting the now famous Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima picture. Navy Secretary James Forrestal, upon seeing the flag, remarked "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years." The flag raising is often cited as the most reproduced photograph of all time and became the archetypal representation not only of that battle, but of the entire Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. But it was not until 26 March that the island was finally secured. The Japanese fought to the last man, killing 6,800 Marines and wounding nearly 20,000 more. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, and only 1,083 prisoners were taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the casualties sustained.

Question: What marine regiment reached the summit of Mount Suribachi?
Answer: 28th

Question: When was the summit of Mount Suribachi reached by U.S. marines?
Answer: 23 February

Question: Who said "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years"?
Answer: Navy Secretary James Forrestal

Question: When was the island of Iwo Jima secured by the Americans?
Answer: 26 March

Question: How many Japanese prisoners were taken on Iwo Jima?
Answer: 1,083
Title: Pacific_War

During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, the capital and principal port of Burma, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon at the end of the month. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, placing his army in a disastrous supply situation, and in March he had asked that a plan to capture Rangoon by an amphibious force, Operation Dracula, which had been abandoned earlier, be reinstated. Dracula was launched on 1 May, but Rangoon was found to have been abandoned. The troops which occupied Rangoon linked up with Fourteenth Army five days later, securing the Allies' lines of communication.

Question: What was the capital of Burma?
Answer: Rangoon

Question: What was the principle port of Burma?
Answer: Rangoon

Question: When was Operation Dracula launched?
Answer: 1 May

Question: What force was delayed by Japanese rearguards north of Rangoon?
Answer: Fourteenth Army

Question: What month was a delay caused by Japanese rearguards north of Rangoon?
Answer: April
Title: Pacific_War

Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around Sandakan in Borneo, only six of some 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.

Question: How many British and Australian prisoners survived out of about 2500 around Sandakan?
Answer: six

Question: Sandakan was located in what providence?
Answer: Borneo