rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: British_Isles

The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global standards. Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi). The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. The North Atlantic Drift brings significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the latitude. This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover. The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent. Ireland, which became an island by 12,000 BC, was not inhabited until after 8000 BC. Great Britain became an island by 5600 BC.

Question: What is the age of the oldest rocks in the north western part of Scotland?
Answer: 2,700 million years old

Question: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?
Answer: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft

Question: What type of climate does this area have?
Answer: temperate marine

Question: Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?
Answer: European continent.

Question: When is it believed that Ireland became inhabited?
Answer: after 8000 BC
Title: British_Isles

Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland.

Question: Which is one of the tribes that spoke Insular Celtic?
Answer: Pictish (northern Britain)

Question: When did the Pictish tribe start to inhabit the islands?
Answer: beginning of the 1st millennium AD

Question: Who foreign group conquered Britain around AD 43?
Answer: Roman Empire

Question: When did the Vikings invade Britain?
Answer: 9th century

Question: What are the six counties in Ireland called that are still part of the United Kingdom?
Answer: Northern Ireland
Title: British_Isles

The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.

Question: Why is the name the British Isles disputed in Ireland?
Answer: association of the word British

Question: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?
Answer: does not recognise or use the term

Question: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?
Answer: Atlantic Archipelago

Question: Does the Government of Ireland's London embassy use the name British Isles?
Answer: its embassy in London discourages its use
Title: British_Isles

The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the "P" of Pretannia to the "B" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar.

Question: Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material?
Answer: writings of sea-farers

Question: What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles?
Answer: Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC)

Question: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?
Answer: during the time of Julius Caesar

Question: What language do most historians agree upon where the Greek names for the British Isles came from?
Answer: native Celtic-language

Question: What did the ancient Greeks call the people that lived in the British Isles?
Answer: Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani)
Title: British_Isles

The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona (the Isle of Man), suggesting these may have been names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing Almagest. The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Great Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain.

Question: What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?
Answer: little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias)

Question: In later writings, what did Claudius Ptolemy called the British Isles?
Answer: Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona

Question: After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country?
Answer: Great Britain
Title: British_Isles

The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as "these islands". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.

Question: What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?
Answer: a work by John Dee

Question: When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?
Answer: 1577

Question: What is another name that is used for the British Isles?
Answer: Anglo-Celtic Isles

Question: What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British?
Answer: "these islands
Title: British_Isles

The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.

Question: When did the Caledonian Orogeny occur?
Answer: c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period

Question: What formed after the craton Baltica and the terrane Avalonia collision?
Answer: mountains and hills

Question: What happened during the c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period?
Answer: craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia

Question: What formed the hills of Munster and the southern part of Wales?
Answer: Variscan orogeny

Question: In which direction have the British Isles been drifting?
Answer: northwest
Title: British_Isles

The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.

Question: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?
Answer: Devensian

Question: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?
Answer: the English Channel flooded

Question: When did sea levels reach their current highth?
Answer: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

Question: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier?
Answer: a single ice sheet
Title: British_Isles

The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift ("Gulf Stream") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.

Question: What is the longest river in Ireland?
Answer: the Shannon

Question: Where are other mountain areas in the British Isles?
Answer: Wales and parts of Ireland

Question: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?
Answer: Ben Nevis

Question: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?
Answer: Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m

Question: What is the weather like in the summer time in the British Isles?
Answer: mild and also wet
Title: British_Isles

The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular. The only window when this could have occurred was between the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 years ago) and when the land bridge connecting the two islands was flooded by sea (about 8,000 years ago).

Question: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?
Answer: European continent

Question: In Ireland where does the native animal and plant species mostly come from?
Answer: Europe, and Great Britain

Question: When did the land bridge between Ireland and Britain disappear?
Answer: about 8,000 years ago

Question: When did the last Ice Age end in the British Isles?
Answer: about 12,000 years ago
Title: British_Isles

As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, most of Britain's forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Scandinavia, North America, and the Baltic. Most forest land in Ireland is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are amongst the most common trees in England. In Scotland, pine and birch are most common. Natural forests in Ireland are mainly oak, ash, wych elm, birch and pine. Beech and lime, though not native to Ireland, are also common there. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken.

Question: When did the clearing of swamp land and forests begin in the British Isles?
Answer: around 6000 BC

Question: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?
Answer: medieval times

Question: Why was Britain able to keep its ancient forests longer than Europe?
Answer: due to a small population

Question: When did lumber shortages start to occur in Britain?
Answer: 17th century

Question: What are three of the most typical type of tress that can be found in Ireland?
Answer: oak, ash, wych elm
Title: British_Isles

Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have also been reintroduced to parts of southern England, following escapes from boar farms and illegal releases. Many rivers contain otters and seals are common on coasts. Over 200 species of bird reside permanently and another 200 migrate. Common types are the common chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow and common starling; all small birds. Large birds are declining in number, except for those kept for game such as pheasant, partridge, and red grouse. Fish are abundant in the rivers and lakes, in particular salmon, trout, perch and pike. Sea fish include dogfish, cod, sole, pollock and bass, as well as mussels, crab and oysters along the coast. There are more than 21,000 species of insects.

Question: Which two animals became extinct in the British Isles?
Answer: wolf, bear

Question: Which species of deer is protected in the British Isles?
Answer: red deer

Question: How many bird species does the British Isles have?
Answer: Over 200 species of bird

Question: What are three of the most common birds in the British Isles?
Answer: chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow

Question: What kinds of fish are abundent in the British Isles?
Answer: salmon, trout, perch and pike
Title: British_Isles

Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.

Question: Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?
Answer: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

Question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?
Answer: Kerry slug

Question: Is the grass nake or the smooth snake native to Ireland?
Answer: none are native to Ireland

Question: What type of wild life are not native to Ireland but are in Britain?
Answer: water voles, roe deer and common toads
Title: British_Isles

The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]

Question: Which area in the British Isles is s the most populated?
Answer: England

Question: What percentage of the population does England have compared to the other areas in the British Isles?
Answer: 80%

Question: What is the most populated city in Ireland?
Answer: Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million)

Question: How many people live in the area of London?
Answer: 9 million

Question: What are two other major populated cities in England?
Answer: Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million)
Title: British_Isles

The population of England rose rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries whereas the populations of Scotland and Wales have shown little increase during the 20th century, with the population of Scotland remaining unchanged since 1951. Ireland for most of its history comprised a population proportionate to its land area (about one third of the total population). However, since the Great Irish Famine, the population of Ireland has fallen to less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles. The famine, which caused a century-long population decline, drastically reduced the Irish population and permanently altered the demographic make-up of the British Isles. On a global scale, this disaster led to the creation of an Irish diaspora that numbers fifteen times the current population of the island.

Question: Which two areas in the British Isles hasn't experienced a large population growth in the last one hundred years?
Answer: Scotland and Wales

Question: How does Ireland's population compare to the rest of the British Isles?
Answer: less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles

Question: How long did the Great Irish Famine cause a population decline in Ireland?
Answer: century-long population decline

Question: How large is the Irish diaspora that was caused by the Great Irish Famine?
Answer: fifteen times the current population of the island
Title: British_Isles

The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernésiais, Jèrriais and Sarkese spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, sometimes in the form of Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880.

Question: How many groups do these languages belong to?
Answer: six groups

Question: What are the three Insular Celtic languages?
Answer: Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic

Question: What are the remaining Cetic languages that are still used today?
Answer: Cornish, Welsh and Breton

Question: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?
Answer: Shelta
Title: British_Isles

At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Ice covered almost all of what is now Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales, and the hills of northern England. From 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, as the ice melted, sea levels rose separating Ireland from Great Britain and also creating the Isle of Man. About two to four millennia later, Great Britain became separated from the mainland. Britain probably became repopulated with people before the ice age ended and certainly before it became separated from the mainland. It is likely that Ireland became settled by sea after it had already become an island.

Question: What mainland was the British Isles once connected to?
Answer: European mainland

Question: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?
Answer: two to four millennia

Question: When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area?
Answer: separating Ireland from Great Britain

Question: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?
Answer: sea levels rose

Question: Did Britain become populated with people again before or after the ice came to an end?
Answer: before the ice age ended