rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island. They are a protected species and in the endangered list. It is stated that it will take 15–50 years for this species to attain reproductive age. Though they live in the sea, the females come to the shore to lay eggs and are protected by private societies. Three species of turtles are particularly notable. These are: The leatherback sea turtles which have leather skin instead of a shell and are the largest of the type found here, some times measuring a much as 3 m (average is about 1.5 m) and weighing about 450 kg (jellyfish is their favourite diet); the hawksbill turtles, which have hawk-like beaks and found near reefs, generally about 90 cm in diameter and weigh about 60 kg and their diet consists of crabs and snails; and the green turtles, herbivores which have rounded heads, generally about 90 cm in diameter and live amidst tall sea grasses.

Question: When is the end of the dolphin migration period in St. Barts?
Answer: May

Question: When is the beggining of the whale migration season?
Answer: December

Question: What protected species is a common sight along the beaches of St. Barts?
Answer: Turtles

Question: What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?
Answer: jellyfish

Question: Where do green turtles live?
Answer: amidst tall sea grasses
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes. The marine aquafauna is rich in conch, which has pearly-pink shells. Its meat is a favourite food supplement item and their shells are a collectors item. Other species of fish which are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters are: sergeant majors, the blue chromis, brown chromis, surgeon fish; blue tangs and trumpet fish. On the shore are ghost crabs, which always live on the beach in small burrowed tunnels made in sand, and the hermit crabs, which live in land but lay eggs in water and which also eat garbage and sewerage. They spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season.

Question: What color are conch shells?
Answer: pearly-pink

Question: What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?
Answer: conch

Question: Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?
Answer: shallow waters

Question: What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?
Answer: ghost

Question: What do hermit crabs eat?
Answer: garbage and sewerage
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshore rocks such as Les Gross Islets, Pain de Sucre, Tortue and Forchue. The Reserve is designed to protect the islands coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles. The Reserve has two levels of protection, the yellow zones of protection where certain non-extractive activities, like snorkeling and boating, are allowed and the red zones of high protection where most activities including SCUBA are restricted in order to protect or recover marine life. Anchoring is prohibited in the Reserve and mooring buoys are in place in some of the protected bays like Colombier

Question: How many hectares does the marine preserve cover?
Answer: 1.200

Question: What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?
Answer: sea turtles

Question: What is prohibited in all zones of the marine reserve at St. Barts?
Answer: Anchoring

Question: What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?
Answer: Reserve Naturelle

Question: Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?
Answer: mooring buoys
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses the local gendarmerie. The other fort known as Fort Karl now presents a very few ruins. The third fort built by the Swedes is the Fort Gustav, which is also seen in ruins strewn around the weather station and the Light House. The fort built in 1787 over a hill slope has ruins of ramparts, guardhouse, munitions depot, wood-burning oven and so forth.

Question: Who built the three forts on St. Barts?
Answer: the Swedes

Question: What was the former name of Fort Oscar?
Answer: Gustav Adolph

Question: When was Fort Gustav built?
Answer: 1787

Question: Most of the Forts in St. Barts are now all what?
Answer: ruins

Question: On what part of the island is Fort Oscar located on the far side of?
Answer: La Pointe
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.

Question: How many restaurants does the island have?
Answer: over 70

Question: Where are most of the nice restaurants located?
Answer: in the hotels

Question: What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?
Answer: les petits creux

Question: Creole food is often what?
Answer: spicier

Question: What type of cuisine related events does the island host each year?
Answer: gastronomic
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have also become popular on the island in recent years, especially at Grand Cul-de-Sac beach (Baie de Grand Cul de Sac) for windy sports as kitesurfing and Saint Jean Beach ( Baie de Saint Jean), Lorient, Toiny and Anse des Cayes for surfing. Tennis is also popular on the island and it has several tennis clubs, Tennis Clube de Flamboyant in Grand Cul-de-Sac, AJOE Tennis Club in Orient and ASCO in Colombier.

Question: How often is the AG2R Race held?
Answer: every alternate year

Question: Where does the AG2R originate from?
Answer: Concarneau

Question: What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?
Answer: boats

Question: What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?
Answer: 10 m

Question: How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?
Answer: two
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector.

Question: Where is the airport located on the island?
Answer: the north coast

Question: What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts?
Answer: charters

Question: What is the name of the nearest large commercial airport?
Answer: Princess Juliana International Airport

Question: What Island is the nearest major airport located on?
Answer: Sint Maarten

Question: What is the name of the airport in St. Barts?
Answer: Gustaf III
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: ​[sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao. St. Barthélemy lies about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the west in the Greater Antilles.

Question: What country is Saint-Barthélemy a collectivity of?
Answer: France

Question: What is the French abbreviation for Saint-Barthélemy?
Answer: Saint-Barth

Question: In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?
Answer: English

Question: What did the native peoples of Saint-Barthélemy call the island?
Answer: Ouanalao

Question: In which direction is Puerto Rico from the island of Saint-Barthélemy?
Answer: west
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.

Question: What kind of island is St. Barts?
Answer: volcanic

Question: What is the population of St. Barts?
Answer: 9,035

Question: What is the capital of St. Barts?
Answer: Gustavia

Question: What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time?
Answer: Swedish

Question: When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts?
Answer: the winter holiday season
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthélemy became an Overseas Collectivity (COM). A governing territorial council was elected for its administration, which has provided the island with a certain degree of autonomy. The Hotel de Ville, which was the town hall, is now the Hotel de la Collectivité. A senator represents the island in Paris. St. Barthélemy has retained its free port status.

Question: St. Barts was formerly a part of what French commune?
Answer: Guadeloupe

Question: When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe?
Answer: 2003

Question: When did St. Barts finally received its independence?
Answer: 2007

Question: What is the current name of the building in St. Barts that serves as town hall?
Answer: Hotel de la Collectivité

Question: Who officially represents St. Barts in French legislation? 
Answer: A senator
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral reef. Reefs are mostly in shallow waters and are clearly visible. The coastal areas abound with beaches and many of these have offshore reefs, some of which are part of a marine reserve.

Question: What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts?
Answer: Colombier Bay

Question: Grande Saline Bay provides docking for what kind of boats?
Answer: small

Question: The North and East sides of St. Barts are fringed by what?
Answer: visible coral reef

Question: Reefs are almost always in what type of water?
Answer: shallow

Question: Some of the offshore reefs of St. Barts are part of what?
Answer: a marine reserve
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills and reefs). The windward beaches are popular for windsurfing. The beach of St Jean is suitable for water sports and facilities have been created for that purpose. The long beach at Lorient has shade and is a quiet beach as compared to St. Jean.

Question: How many public beaches are there in St. Barts?
Answer: 22

Question: How many beaches in St. Barts are suitable to swim in?
Answer: 15

Question: What is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by the island itself?
Answer: leeward

Question: What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds?
Answer: windward

Question: The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity?
Answer: windsurfing
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.

Question: What type of climate does St. Barts typically have?
Answer: arid

Question: How many hectares does the island have in total?
Answer: 2,500

Question: How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year?
Answer: 1000 mm

Question: When does summer end in St. Barts?
Answer: November

Question: What is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at St. Barts?
Answer: 13 °C
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.

Question: When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?
Answer: 1744

Question: What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?
Answer: 1785

Question: What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?
Answer: Carénage

Question: What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation?
Answer: Gustavia

Question: What war occurred in the 18th century?
Answer: the Caribbean war
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s history relating to French, Swedish and British period of occupation is well presented in the museum with photographs, maps and paintings. Also on display are the ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses and ancient fishing boats. It also houses a library.

Question: What is the English name of the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: St. Barts Municipal Museum

Question: What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy

Question: What town is the Museum located in?
Answer: Gustavia

Question: Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?
Answer: British

Question: What type of houses are on display at the museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Creole
Title: Genome

In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.

Question: In what fields of science is the genome studied?
Answer: molecular biology and genetics

Question: What is the content of the human genome?
Answer: DNA

Question: What constitutes the viral genome?
Answer: RNA
Title: Genome

The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed—such as biome, rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically.

Question: Who coined the word genome?
Answer: Hans Winkler

Question: In what year was the word genome first created?
Answer: 1920

Question: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?
Answer: University of Hamburg

Question: Which two similar words share etymology with genome?
Answer: biome, rhizome
Title: Genome

Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes: diploid, triploid, tetraploid and so on. In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell. The halving of the genetic material in gametes is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. In haploid organisms, including cells of bacteria, archaea, and in organelles including mitochondria and chloroplasts, or viruses, that similarly contain genes, the single or set of circular or linear chains of DNA (or RNA for some viruses), likewise constitute the genome. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA (i.e., the "nuclear genome") but can also be applied to what is stored within organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the "mitochondrial genome" or the "chloroplast genome". Additionally, the genome can comprise non-chromosomal genetic elements such as viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements.

Question: A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell?
Answer: half

Question: What process splits the chromosome between gametes?
Answer: meiosis

Question: What are two cellular organelles which contain genetic material?
Answer: mitochondria and chloroplasts
Title: Genome

When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what is described as a "genome sequence" may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals. Colloquially, the phrase "genetic makeup" is sometimes used to signify the genome of a particular individual or organism.[citation needed] The study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms is usually referred to as genomics, which distinguishes it from genetics which generally studies the properties of single genes or groups of genes.

Question: What is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called?
Answer: genomics

Question: In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what?
Answer: single genes or groups of genes

Question: What is the catalog of contents of a particular species' genetic makeup?
Answer: sequenced
Title: Genome

Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.

Question: What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?
Answer: C-value paradox

Question: Which organism has the most genes?
Answer: trichomoniasis

Question: How many genes is the trichomoniasis estimated to have?
Answer: 60,000

Question: Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?
Answer: three times
Title: Genome

In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s: The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research.

Question: Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?
Answer: Walter Fiers

Question: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?
Answer: Bacteriophage MS2

Question: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?
Answer: Fred Sanger

Question: What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome?
Answer: Institute for Genomic Research

Question: In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?
Answer: 1996
Title: Genome

The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. The US National Institutes of Health maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information. Among the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects include those for rice, a mouse, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the puffer fish, and the bacteria E. coli. In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans. The genome was extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave.

Question: Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?
Answer: US National Institutes of Health

Question: What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?
Answer: mouse

Question: What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?
Answer: puffer fish

Question: When was the Neanderthal's genome sequenced?
Answer: December 2013

Question: How old in years was the material that was used to sequence the Neanderthal genome?
Answer: 130,000