rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Asphalt

People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement.

Question: By what means can humans be exposed to bitumen?
Answer: fumes or skin

Question: What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period?
Answer: 5 mg/m3

Question: How must asphalt be treated to be workable?
Answer: heated or diluted

Question: At what temperatures is heated asphalt seen to be a greater health risk?
Answer: greater than 199 °C

Question: What feature in the treatment of asphalt in the workplace causes the most potential danger?
Answer: temperature
Title: Queen_Victoria

Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.

Question: Who did Victoria marry?
Answer: Prince Albert

Question: What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?
Answer: the grandmother of Europe

Question: In the later half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?
Answer: her popularity recovered

Question: What year did Prince Albert die?
Answer: 1861

Question: How many children did she have?
Answer: nine

Question: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?
Answer: nine

Question: What was the year of Alberts death?
Answer: 1861

Question: Queen Victorias Golden and Diamond jubilees were a time of public what?
Answer: celebration

Question: What was the name the first cousing that Victoria married?
Answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Question: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria because all of her children married into noble families?
Answer: first cousin

Question: What was the name of the first cousin that Queen Victoria was married to?
Answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Question: Whatyear did Victoria marry Prince Albert?
Answer: 1840

Question: How many children did Victoria and Albert have?
Answer: nine

Question: What year did Prince Albert die?
Answer: 1861

Question: Due to Victorias mourning over Alberts death, what political party gained strength?
Answer: republicanism

Question: When did Queen Victoria get married?
Answer: 1840

Question: What was the name of Victoria's husband?
Answer: Prince Albert

Question: What was Queen Victoria's nickname?
Answer: the grandmother of Europe

Question: When did republicanism gain strength during Queen Victoria's reign?
Answer: After Albert's death in 1861

Question: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?
Answer: nine

Question: Who did Victoria marry?
Answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Question: When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?
Answer: 1840

Question: How many children did Victoria and Prince Albert have?
Answer: nine

Question: What was Victoria's unofficial title?
Answer: the grandmother of Europe

Question: When did Prince Albert die?
Answer: 1861
Title: Queen_Victoria

Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.

Question: Who was extremely protective over Victoria?
Answer: mother

Question: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?
Answer: Kensington System

Question: Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: What was Victoria's dog's name?
Answer: Dash

Question: During her free time, what did she play with?
Answer: dolls

Question: Who did Victoria share a bedroom with when she was a child?
Answer: her mother

Question: What languages did Victoria take lessons in?
Answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

Question: What was the only language Victoria spoke at home?
Answer: English

Question: Who was Victoria's mothers lover?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: What is the formal name given to the system of rules Victoria was raised under?
Answer: Kensington System

Question: What system did Victorias mother raise her under?
Answer: Kensington System

Question: Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: Who was rumored to be Victorias mothers lover?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: Who was the Duchess's suspected lover?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: What was the name of Victoria's childhood dog?
Answer: Dash

Question: What was the Kensington System?
Answer: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

Question: How did Victoria describe her childhood?
Answer: rather melancholy

Question: What languages did Victoria study? 
Answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

Question: What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?
Answer: Dash

Question: What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?
Answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

Question: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?
Answer: Kensington System

Question: Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?
Answer: Sir John Conroy

Question: Who was included in the list of people that the Duchess and Sir John Conroy didn't want the Princess Victoria associating with?
Answer: most of her father's family
Title: Queen_Victoria

In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle".

Question: Who was Victoria's eighth child?
Answer: Leopold

Question: What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?
Answer: chloroform

Question: What did Victoria suffer from after he pregnancies?
Answer: post-natal depression

Question: Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth?
Answer: thought it dangerous

Question: What did Albert complain about Victoria?
Answer: her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle"

Question: What was the name of Victoria's eighth child?
Answer: Leopold

Question: Hysteria and loss of control after the birts of many of her children were likely caused by what?
Answer: post-natal depression

Question: What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?
Answer: chloroform

Question: What year did Victoria give birth to her final child?
Answer: 1857

Question: What was the name of Victoria's final child?
Answer: Beatrice

Question: When did Victoria give birth to her eigth child?
Answer: 1853

Question: What was the name of Victorias eighth child?
Answer: Leopold

Question: What was the name of the new anesthetic used during leopolds birth?
Answer: chloroform.

Question: What year was victorias final child born?
Answer: 1857

Question: What was the name of Victorias final child?
Answer: Beatrice

Question: Who was Victoria's eighth child? 
Answer: Leopold

Question: When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born? 
Answer: 1857

Question: What was the new anastethetic Victoria used in her last two childbirths? 
Answer: chloroform

Question: Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform? 
Answer: considered it against biblical teaching

Question: What did Albert complain about in letters to Victoria after the birth of her children? 
Answer: loss of self-control

Question: What was the name of Victoria's eigth child?
Answer: Leopold

Question: What was a new anaesthetic being used for childbirth in Victoria's time?
Answer: chloroform

Question: What was the name of Victoria's ninth child?
Answer: Beatrice

Question: Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform for childbirth?
Answer: considered it against biblical teaching

Question: After nine pregnancies, what could Victoria have been suffering from that would make her sad and depressed?
Answer: post-natal depression
Title: Queen_Victoria

In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor".

Question: During which year did Victoria's mother die?
Answer: 1861

Question: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?
Answer: Through reading her mother's papers

Question: What was Albert ill with?
Answer: chronic stomach trouble

Question: What did Victoria blame Albert's death on?
Answer: Prince of Wales's philandering

Question: What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin?
Answer: army manoeuvres

Question: What year did Victoria's mother die?
Answer: 1861

Question: What year did Albert die?
Answer: 1861

Question: Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother?
Answer: Conroy and Lehzen

Question: Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death?
Answer: Albert

Question: What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief?
Answer: chronic stomach trouble

Question: When did Victoria's mother die? 
Answer: March 1861

Question: What disease was Albert diagnosed with? 
Answer: typhoid fever

Question: When did Albert die of his illness? 
Answer: 14 December 1861

Question: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death? 
Answer: widow of Windsor

Question: Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with? 
Answer: an actress in Ireland

Question: When did the Duchess die?
Answer: 1861

Question: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?
Answer: Conroy and Lehzen

Question: What caused Prince Albert's death?
Answer: typhoid fever

Question: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?
Answer: their son, the Prince of Wales

Question: What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son?
Answer: had slept with an actress in Ireland
Title: Queen_Victoria

On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".

Question: Who shot at the queen?
Answer: Roderick Maclean

Question: When was the shooting?
Answer: 2 March 1882

Question: What was Maclean's occupation?
Answer: poet

Question: Which college were to two boys attending?
Answer: Eton College

Question: With what did the college boy's hit the shooter with?
Answer: umbrellas

Question: Who shot Queen Victoria?
Answer: Roderick Maclean

Question: What year was the Queen shot?
Answer: 1882

Question: Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?
Answer: Two schoolboys from Eton College

Question: What did the court determine was the fate for Maclean after shooting the Queen?
Answer: not guilty by reason of insanity

Question: How did the schoolboys stop Maclean?
Answer: struck him with their umbrellas

Question: What disgruntled poet shot at Victoria's carriage on March 2, 1882?
Answer: Roderick Maclean

Question: What school did the boys who defended the Queen with umbrellas attend? 
Answer: Eton College

Question: What was the verdict in Roderick Maclean's trial? 
Answer: he was found not guilty by reason of insanity

Question: What provoked the attack on Queen Victoria as she left Windsor? 
Answer: offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems

Question: What was Victoria's reaction to the verdict?
Answer: outraged

Question: Who attempted to assassinate the Queen?
Answer: Roderick Maclean

Question: What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?
Answer: not guilty by reason of insanity

Question: What position did Victoria take on being shot at?
Answer: "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved"

Question: When did Maclean attempt to shoot Victoria?
Answer: 2 March 1882

Question: Why did Maclean shoot at Victoria?
Answer: refusal to accept one of his poems
Title: Queen_Victoria

Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.

Question: What year did Gladstone return to power?
Answer: 1892

Question: How old was Gladstone in 1892?
Answer: 82

Question: What year did Gladstone retire?
Answer: 1894

Question: What position did Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery?
Answer: prime minister

Question: What year did Gadstone return to power?
Answer: 1892

Question: Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: How old was Gladstone when he returned to power?
Answer: 82 years old

Question: What year did Gladstone retire?
Answer: 1894

Question: Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?
Answer: Lord Rosebery

Question: How old was Gladstone after the general election in 1892? 
Answer: 82 years old

Question: What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone? 
Answer: Henry Labouchere

Question: Who did Victoria appoint to Prime Minister after Gladstone retired in 1894?
Answer: Lord Rosebery

Question: Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? 
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?
Answer: for the remainder of Victoria's reign

Question: Who was returned to power in 1892?
Answer: Gladstone

Question: Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?
Answer: Lord Rosebery

Question: How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister?
Answer: His government was weak

Question: Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?
Answer: Lord Salisbury

Question: How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?
Answer: the remainder of Victoria's reign
Title: Queen_Victoria

In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil. An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park. As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum, it began to snow.

Question: Which two people helped lift Victoria's body into the coffin?
Answer: Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught

Question: What item from her wedding was Victoria dressed in inside her coffin?
Answer: wedding veil

Question: What color was her dress?
Answer: white

Question: Who's dressing gown was placed by her side?
Answer: Albert's

Question: A plaster cast of what part of Alberts body was placed in the coffin with the Queen?
Answer: his hand

Question: Where was the funeral of Queen Victoria held?
Answer: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle

Question: What clothing was Queen Victoria laid to rest in?
Answer: a white dress and her wedding veil

Question: What year did Queen Victoria die?
Answer: 1897

Question: What was placed in the Queens left hand when she was placed in her coffin?
Answer: a lock of John Brown's hair

Question: What did Victoria wear upon her death in her coffin? 
Answer: She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil

Question: Whose lock of hair was concealed in her left hand by flowers? 
Answer: John Brown

Question: When did John Brown give Victoria his mother's wedding ring? 
Answer: 1883

Question: When was Queen Victoria's funeral held? 
Answer: Saturday, 2 February

Question: Where was Queen Victoria laid to rest after her death? 
Answer: Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park

Question: Where was Victoria laid to rest?
Answer: Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park

Question: When was Queen Victoria's funeral held?
Answer: 2 February

Question: What was hidden in Queen Victoria's hand by her father's family?
Answer: a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him

Question: How was Victoria dressed for burial?
Answer: a white dress and her wedding veil

Question: Who placed Victoria into her coffin?
Answer: Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
Title: Queen_Victoria

Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see." However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.

Question: Who was considered Victoria's best and kindest advisor?
Answer: uncle Leopold

Question: Who did Victoria describe as sensible, kind, and amiable?
Answer: Albert

Question: Who introduced Albert to Victoria?
Answer: uncle Leopold

Question: What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?
Answer: Leopold

Question: How old was Victoria when she met Albert?
Answer: 17

Question: Who introduced Victoria and Albert?
Answer: her uncle Leopold

Question: What qualities did Victoria believe Albert posessed when she met him?
Answer: every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

Question: Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"? 
Answer: uncle Leopold

Question: Who was Victoria not ready to marry at age 17?
Answer: Albert

Question: What was Victoria's opinion of Albert's appearance? 
Answer: the most pleasing and delightful exterior

Question: Who did Victoria credit for her relationship to Albert?
Answer: her uncle Leopold

Question: What did Victoria think of Albert at 17 years of age?
Answer: He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

Question: What were Albert's best qualities?
Answer: sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable

Question: How did Victoria find Albert's looks?
Answer: most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance

Question: How old was Victoria when she was introduced to Albert?
Answer: 17