rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Beer

Beer ranges from less than 3% alcohol by volume (abv) to around 14% abv, though this strength can be increased to around 20% by re-pitching with champagne yeast, and to 55% abv by the freeze-distilling process. The alcohol content of beer varies by local practice or beer style. The pale lagers that most consumers are familiar with fall in the range of 4–6%, with a typical abv of 5%. The customary strength of British ales is quite low, with many session beers being around 4% abv. Some beers, such as table beer are of such low alcohol content (1%–4%) that they are served instead of soft drinks in some schools.

Question: What does abv stand for?
Answer: alcohol by volume

Question: What process can cause beer to have a 55% abv?
Answer: freeze-distilling

Question: What is the typical alcohol content of a pale logger?
Answer: 5%

Question: What type of low alcohol beer is sometimes served in school?
Answer: table beer

Question: What percentage of alcohol by volume does beer achieve when it is re-pitched with champagne yeast?
Answer: around 20%
Title: Beer

In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; beer-oriented tourism; or rating beer. Drinking games, such as beer pong, are also popular. A relatively new profession is that of the beer sommelier, who informs restaurant patrons about beers and food pairings.

Question: What is the term used for the study of beer?
Answer: zythology

Question: What is a professional called at a restaurant who advises customers about beer and food pairs?
Answer: beer sommelier

Question: What is a popular drinking game where beer is often considered?
Answer: beer pong

Question: What is the most popular alcoholic drink in most societies?
Answer: beer
Title: Beer

Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect which is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.

Question: What is most popular alcoholic drink in the world?
Answer: Beer

Question: What is believed to be the oldest alcoholic drinking the world?
Answer: Beer

Question: What is the term used to describe the making beer?
Answer: brewing

Question: What brewing process naturally carbonates beer?
Answer: fermentation

Question: What prayer did people use in Mesopotamia to remember a beer recipe?
Answer: The Hymn to Ninkasi
Title: Beer

Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today. Alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was a later addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen.

Question: What year were hops first believed to be added to beer?
Answer: 822

Question: On what continent were hops first added to beer?
Answer: Europe

Question: What was a Carolingian Abbot credited for adding to beer in 822?
Answer: hops

Question: Who was believed to have added hops to beer in 1067?
Answer: Abbess Hildegard

Question: Where did Abbess Hildegard live?
Answer: Bingen
Title: Beer

The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication". The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm, originally "brewer's yeast, beer dregs", although other theories have been provided connecting the word with Old English bēow, "barley", or Latin bibere, "to drink". On the currency of two words for the same thing in the Germanic languages, the 12th-century Old Icelandic poem Alvíssmál says, "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."

Question: What is the origin of the word ale?
Answer: Old English ealu

Question: What is the origin of the word beer?
Answer: Old English bēor

Question: What word means to drink in Latin?
Answer: bibere

Question: What 12th century poet once wrote "Ale it is called among men, but among the gods, beer."?
Answer: Alvíssmál
Title: Beer

 The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century. Vetter 33, a 10.5% abv (33 degrees Plato, hence Vetter "33") doppelbock, was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time, though Samichlaus, by the Swiss brewer Hürlimann, had also been listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest at 14% abv. Since then, some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers. Samuel Adams reached 20% abv with Millennium, and then surpassed that amount to 25.6% abv with Utopias. The strongest beer brewed in Britain was Baz's Super Brew by Parish Brewery, a 23% abv beer. In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone.

Question: How much alcohol is contained in the beer Vetter 33?
Answer: 10.5%

Question: What was the strongest beer in 1994 according to the Guinness Book of World Records?
Answer: Vetter 33

Question: What brewing company produced the beer Millennium?
Answer: Samuel Adams

Question: What year did the brewing company BrewDog start producing a beer called Ghost Deer?
Answer: 2011

Question: What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer?
Answer: champagne yeasts
Title: Beer

Draught beer's environmental impact can be 68% lower than bottled beer due to packaging differences. A life cycle study of one beer brand, including grain production, brewing, bottling, distribution and waste management, shows that the CO2 emissions from a 6-pack of micro-brew beer is about 3 kilograms (6.6 pounds). The loss of natural habitat potential from the 6-pack of micro-brew beer is estimated to be 2.5 square meters (26 square feet). Downstream emissions from distribution, retail, storage and disposal of waste can be over 45% of a bottled micro-brew beer's CO2 emissions. Where legal, the use of a refillable jug, reusable bottle or other reusable containers to transport draught beer from a store or a bar, rather than buying pre-bottled beer, can reduce the environmental impact of beer consumption.

Question: What beer is better for the environment than bottled beer?
Answer: Draught beer's

Question: How many pounds of CO2 emissions are attributed to just one sixpack of microbrew?
Answer: 6.6

Question: What type of container can be used to transport draft beer, and is better for the environment that a bottle?
Answer: a refillable jug

Question: How much habitat is damaged from just one sixpack of microbrew?
Answer: 2.5 square meters

Question: How many square feet is 2.5 square meters?
Answer: 26
Title: Beer

Drinking chilled beer began with the development of artificial refrigeration and by the 1870s, was spread in those countries that concentrated on brewing pale lager. Chilling beer makes it more refreshing, though below 15.5 °C the chilling starts to reduce taste awareness and reduces it significantly below 10 °C (50 °F). Beer served unchilled—either cool or at room temperature, reveal more of their flavours. Cask Marque, a non-profit UK beer organisation, has set a temperature standard range of 12°–14 °C (53°–57 °F) for cask ales to be served.

Question: What technology support the drinking of chilled beer?
Answer: artificial refrigeration

Question: At what cool temperature is a beers flavor reduced?
Answer: below 15.5 °C

Question: When is a beer at its most flavorful?
Answer: unchilled

Question: What country is the organisation Cask Marque located?
Answer: UK

Question: In what decade did drinking chilled pale lager become popular?
Answer: the 1870s
Title: Beer

The main active ingredient of beer is alcohol, and therefore, the health effects of alcohol apply to beer. Consumption of small quantities of alcohol (less than one drink in women and two in men) is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes mellitus. The long term health effects of continuous, moderate or heavy alcohol consumption include the risk of developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. Alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.

Question: What is beers primary active ingredient?
Answer: alcohol

Question: What disease can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption?
Answer: alcoholic liver disease

Question: How many years are removed from an alcoholic's life expectancy?
Answer: around ten

Question: What is the third leading cause of premature dying in the US?
Answer: Alcohol

Question: How many deaths are believed to have been caused by alcohol?
Answer: 3.3 million
Title: Beer

A study published in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013 revealed the finding that the flavour of beer alone could provoke dopamine activity in the brain of the male participants, who wanted to drink more as a result. The 49 men in the study were subject to positron emission tomography scans, while a computer-controlled device sprayed minute amounts of beer, water and a sports drink onto their tongues. Compared with the taste of the sports drink, the taste of beer significantly increased the participants desire to drink. Test results indicated that the flavour of the beer triggered a dopamine release, even though alcohol content in the spray was insufficient for the purpose of becoming intoxicated.

Question: What hormone can be triggered by the flavor of beer alone in males?
Answer: dopamine

Question: What year did the Neuropsychopharmacology journal publist a study about the effect on the brain of beers flavor?
Answer: 2013

Question: What taste could significantly impact a man's desire to drink?
Answer: beer

Question: How many men were studied for tests on the flavor of beer in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013?
Answer: 49
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

Question: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?
Answer: Mulatto

Question: What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? 
Answer: Negro

Question: How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? 
Answer: Neg

Question: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?
Answer: one-drop rule

Question: Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? 
Answer: their father
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time.

Question: In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? 
Answer: 2000

Question: How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000?
Answer: nearly seven million

Question: How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000?
Answer: one or more

Question: What year was the last census before the Census 2000?
Answer: 1990
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same  [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."

Question: What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census?
Answer: the American Anthropological Association

Question: In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census?
Answer: 1997

Question: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census?
Answer: OMB directive no. 15

Question: How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census?
Answer: race/ethnicity
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.

Question: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?
Answer: OMB

Question: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?
Answer: national-origin

Question: In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census?
Answer: ancestry
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

Question: How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?
Answer: two

Question: In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?
Answer: Not Hispanic or Latino

Question: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?
Answer: the American Anthropological Association

Question: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?
Answer: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

Question: In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino?
Answer: Hispanic or Latino
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

Question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?
Answer: Mexico

Question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?
Answer: 1935

Question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?
Answer: Roosevelt

Question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?
Answer: Mexican

Question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?
Answer: white
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.

Question: Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data?
Answer: OMB

Question: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications?
Answer: 1997

Question: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997?
Answer: consistent data

Question: How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997?
Answer: one or more

Question: How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997?
Answer: one
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.

Question: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?
Answer: 1850

Question: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?
Answer: by head of household

Question: In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons?
Answer: B

Question: If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified?
Answer: mulatto

Question: How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?
Answer: by owner
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

Question: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?
Answer: Some other race

Question: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?
Answer: 2010

Question: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?
Answer: Some other race

Question: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?
Answer: the American Community Survey
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)."

Question: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? 
Answer: the Voting Rights Act

Question: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?
Answer: the Community Reinvestment Act

Question: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?
Answer: the Civil Rights Act