rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.

Question: By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?
Answer: 1878

Question: What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878?
Answer: Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway

Question: What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block?
Answer: The United States Hotel

Question: Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period?
Answer: rooming houses

Question: What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?
Answer: Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel.

Question: When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?
Answer: early part of the 20th century

Question: What replaced many of the modest boarding houses? 
Answer: large hotels

Question: What were the names of two of the city's most distinctive hotels?
Answer: Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel

Question: What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?
Answer: a radical building boom

Question: Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels?
Answer: the boardwalk
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of conversation, White hired the architectural firm of Price and McLanahan. The firm made use of reinforced concrete, a new building material invented by Jean-Louis Lambot in 1848 (Joseph Monier received the patent in 1867). The hotel's Spanish and Moorish themes, capped off with its signature dome and chimneys, represented a step forward from other hotels that had a classically designed influence. White named the new hotel the Blenheim and merged the two hotels into the Marlborough-Blenheim. Bally's Atlantic City was later constructed at this location.

Question: In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel?
Answer: 1903

Question: What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III?
Answer: Marlborough House

Question: In what style was the Malborough House buit?
Answer: Queen Anne

Question: In what year was reinforced concrete invented?
Answer: 1848

Question: What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?
Answer: Blenheim
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue.

Question: What was the name of the hotel located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk?
Answer: The Traymore Hotel

Question: What year was The Traymore Hotel begun?
Answer: 1879

Question: Who was the owner of The Traymore Hotel?
Answer: Daniel White

Question: How many stories was The Traymore Hotel after its renovation?
Answer: 16

Question: What was the name of the firm commissioned to build The Traymore Hotel?
Answer: Price and McLanahan
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper By The Sea." The city became known as the "The World's Playground.

Question: What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?
Answer: 1868

Question: What year did the Haddon House open?
Answer: 1869

Question: How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904?
Answer: eight

Question: How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel?
Answer: nearly 1,000

Question: What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge?
Answer: Skyscraper By The Sea
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.

Question: In what year was salt water taffy conceived?
Answer: 1883

Question: Who was the creator of salt water taffy?
Answer: David Bradley

Question: What happened to David Bradley's shop that led to the creation of salt water taffy?
Answer: Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm

Question: Who did Bradley sell salt water taffy to for the first time?
Answer: a girl

Question: Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.

Question: What years do many historians consider Atlantic City's golden age?
Answer: 1920s

Question: What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?
Answer: 1919

Question: During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City?
Answer: The World's Playground

Question: During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?
Answer: as much as $500,000 annually

Question: How long did Prohibition last?
Answer: until 1933
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

During this time, Atlantic City was under the mayoral reign of Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City. Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor. He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues. Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924. Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition.

Question: During the 1920s, who was the mayor of Atlantic City?
Answer: Edward L. Bader

Question: What three contributions to Atlantic City was Edward L. Bader known for?
Answer: construction, athletics and aviation

Question: What year did Edward L. Bader lead the initiative to construct the Atlantic City High School?
Answer: 1923

Question: How much was the bond for that was to be used to purchase land for a Convention Center?
Answer: $1.5 million

Question: What year was Boardwalk Hall finished?
Answer: 1924
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.

Question: Who was a meeting organized for in 1929 in Atlantic City?
Answer: organized crime figures from all across America

Question: What family was Charles 
Answer: Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

Question: In what year was there a conference for organized crime figures in Atlantic City?
Answer: 1929

Question: For which family was Charles "Lucky" Luciano a lieutenant?
Answer: Masseria family

Question: What was Charles Luciano's nickname?
Answer: Lucky

Question: Who was a former Chicago South Side Gang boss?
Answer: Johnny "the Fox" Torrio

Question: What was Johnny Torrio's nickname?
Answer: the Fox
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the "Inlet" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First of all, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. Also, the advent of suburbia played a huge role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas.

Question: Which Atlantic City neighborhood became particularly impoverished in the mid-to-late 20th century?
Answer: the "Inlet"

Question: What was the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity?
Answer: cheap, fast jet service

Question: What were two other locations people began to fly to instead of going to Atlantic City?
Answer: Miami Beach and the Bahamas

Question: After the war, what form of transportation became more readily available to many Americans?
Answer: automobile

Question: What two luxuries that people could have at their own homes led to a diminished interest in luxury beach resorts?
Answer: home air conditioning and swimming pools
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.

Question: What event was hosted by Atlantic City in 1964?
Answer: Democratic National Convention

Question: Who was nominated for Vice President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?
Answer: Hubert Humphrey

Question: Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?
Answer: Lyndon Johnson

Question: Who was the Governor of New Jersey in 1964?
Answer: Richard J. Hughes

Question: Despite being in the midst of a long period of economic decline many felt that the Convention was only held in Atlantic city because of a friendship between what two men?
Answer: Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from embarrassing vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, the Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore, and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building. Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived.

Question: By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?
Answer: the late 1960s

Question: Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, what happened to many of the hotels in Atlantic City?
Answer: demolished

Question: When were many of the large hotels demolished?
Answer: 1970s and 1980s

Question: After the Ambassador Hotel was gutted what did it become?
Answer: Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City

Question: Who purchased the old Ambassador Hotel in 1978?
Answer: Ramada
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978. Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods. In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas, as a gambling city in the United States. Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort. Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes. By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.

Question: In what year did New Jersey voters pass a referendum approving casino gambling for Atlantic City?
Answer: 1976

Question: The owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel converted it into what?
Answer: Resorts International

Question: What was the name of the first legal casino in the eastern United States?
Answer: Resorts International

Question: What year did Resorts International open?
Answer: 1978

Question: How many casinos are there in Atlantic City today?
Answer: eleven
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.

Question: Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?
Answer: to diversify away from gaming

Question: Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?
Answer: Steve Wynn

Question: Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?
Answer: to develop a new roadway

Question: What was the project involving Steve Wynn nicknamed?
Answer: The Tunnel Project

Question: "The Tunnel Project" was later officially named what?
Answer: Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.

Question: In what year did the tunnel open?
Answer: 2001

Question: What was the name of Atlantic City's newest casino?
Answer: The Borgata

Question: When did The Borgata open?
Answer: July 2003

Question: In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?
Answer: 2002

Question: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?
Answer: Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

Owing to economic conditions and the late 2000s recession, many of the proposed mega casinos never went further than the initial planning stages. One of these developers was Pinnacle Entertainment, who purchased the Sands Atlantic City, only to close it permanently November 11, 2006. The following year, the resort was demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion, the first of its kind in Atlantic City. While Pinnacle Entertainment intended to replace it with a $1.5–2 billion casino resort, the company canceled its construction plans and plans to sell the land. The biggest disappointment was when MGM Resorts International announced that it would pull out of all development for Atlantic City, effectively ending their plans for the MGM Grand Atlantic City.

Question: When did the Sands Atlantic City close permanently?
Answer: November 11, 2006

Question: What happened to the Sands Atlantic City a year after it closed?
Answer: demolished in a dramatic, Las Vegas styled implosion

Question: What did Pinnacle Entertainment intend to replace the Sands Atlantic City with?
Answer: $1.5–2 billion casino resort

Question: Why did many of the proposed mega casinos never get further than the initial planning stages?
Answer: economic conditions and the late 2000s recession

Question: Who purchased the Sands Atlantic City?
Answer: Pinnacle Entertainment
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort. Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project's developer for the Revel Casino. Revel was hindered with many problems, with the biggest setback to the company being in April 2010 when Morgan Stanley, the owner of 90% of Revel Entertainment Group, decided to discontinue funding for continued construction and put its stake in Revel up for sale. Early in 2010 the New Jersey state legislature passed a bill offering tax incentives to attract new investors and complete the job, but a poll by Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind released in March 2010 showed that three of five voters (60%) opposed the legislation, and two of three of those who opposed it "strongly" opposed it. Ultimately, Governor Chris Christie offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits to assist the casino once it opened. As of March 2011[update], Revel had completed all of the exterior work and had continued work on the interior after finally receiving the funding necessary to complete construction. It had a soft opening in April 2012, and was fully open by May 2012. Ten months later, in February 2013, after serious losses and a write-down in the value of the resort from $2.4 billion to $450 million, Revel filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was restructured but still could not carry on and re-entered bankruptcy on June 19, 2014. It was put up for sale, however as no suitable bids were received the resort closed its doors on September 2, 2014.

Question: In what year did Morgan Stanley purchase land for a new casino resort?
Answer: 2006

Question: How much land did Morgan Stanley purchase?
Answer: 20 acres

Question: Who was named as the developer for Morgan Stanley's casino resort?
Answer: Revel Entertainment Group

Question: What percentage of ownership did Morgan Stanley hold in Revel Entertainment Group?
Answer: 90%

Question: Who offered Revel $261 million in state tax credits?
Answer: Governor Chris Christie
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.

Question: How long had Atlantic City held a monopoly on casino gambling?
Answer: 40-year

Question: Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?
Answer: Governor Christie

Question: When did Governor Christie say that the state would consider a referendum?
Answer: September 2014

Question: How much was casino revenue in 2006?
Answer: $5.2 billion

Question: How much was casino revenue in 2013?
Answer: $2.9 billion