rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Kathmandu

The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. Every year the stupa attracts many Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims who perform full body prostrations in the inner lower enclosure, walk around the stupa with prayer wheels, chant, and pray. Thousands of prayer flags are hoisted up from the top of the stupa downwards and dot the perimeter of the complex. The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath.

Question: Who is pictured on the stupa's base?
Answer: Dhyani Buddha Amitabha

Question: What is Ajima the deity of?
Answer: smallpox

Question: What are gompas?
Answer: monasteries

Question: Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa?
Answer: Tibetan Buddhist

Question: What mantra is engraved on the stupa's prayer wheels?
Answer: om mani padme hum
Title: Kathmandu

Swayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.

Question: In what part of Kathmandu is Swayambhu located?
Answer: northwestern

Question: What faith does Swayambhu belong to?
Answer: Buddhist

Question: Other than Buddhists, who worships at Swayambhu?
Answer: Hindus

Question: In how many directions does the Buddha of Swayambhu look?
Answer: four

Question: In Swayambhu, what is present in the small area above the tiers?
Answer: gajur
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu valley is described as "an enormous treasure house of art and sculptures", which are made of wood, stone, metal, and terracotta, and found in profusion in temples, shrines, stupas, gompas, chaityasm and palaces. The art objects are also seen in street corners, lanes, private courtyards and in open ground. Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses. Kathmandu valley has had this art treasure for a very long time, but received worldwide recognition only after the country opened to the outside world in 1950.

Question: Kathmandu valley contains art made of metal, terracotta, wood and what other substance?
Answer: stone

Question: What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?
Answer: icons

Question: In what year could Nepal be said to have been discovered by the outside world?
Answer: 1950
Title: Kathmandu

The religious art of Nepal and Kathmandu in particular consists of an iconic symbolism of the Mother Goddesses such as: Bhavani, Durga, Gaja-Lakshmi, Hariti-Sitala, Mahsishamardini, Saptamatrika (seven mother goddesses), and Sri-Lakshmi(wealth-goddess). From the 3rd century BC, apart from the Hindu gods and goddesses, Buddhist monuments from the Ashokan period (it is said that Ashoka visited Nepal in 250 BC) have embellished Nepal in general and the valley in particular. These art and architectural edifices encompass three major periods of evolution: the Licchavi or classical period (500 to 900 AD), the post-classical period (1000 to 1400 AD), with strong influence of the Palla art form; the Malla period (1400 onwards) that exhibited explicitly tantric influences coupled with the art of Tibetan Demonology.

Question: What types of deities are Bhavani and Durga?
Answer: Mother Goddesses

Question: What is Sri-Lakshmi a deity of?
Answer: wealth

Question: By tradition, what notable figure came to Nepal 250 years before the birth of Christ?
Answer: Ashoka

Question: When did the Licchavi period end?
Answer: 900

Question: What is another name for the Licchavi period?
Answer: classical
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal. Nepal's art and architecture is an amalgamation of two ancient religions, Hinduism and Buddhhism. These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This amalgamation is also reflected in the planning and exhibitions in museums and art galleries throughout Kathmandu and its sister cities of Patan and Bhaktapur. The museums display unique artifacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation.

Question: Along with the National Museum of Nepal, what notable Nepalese museum is present in Kathmandu?
Answer: Natural History Museum of Nepal

Question: From what time period are the oldest artifacts in Kathmandu museums?
Answer: 5th century

Question: Along with Buddhism, what religion has had a significant influence on Nepal?
Answer: Hinduism

Question: What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
Answer: Monument Zones

Question: How many Monument Zones are present in the Kathmandu valley?
Answer: seven
Title: Kathmandu

The National Museum is located in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building. This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance. The museum was established in 1928 as a collection house of war trophies and weapons, and the initial name of this museum was Chhauni Silkhana, meaning "the stone house of arms and ammunition". Given its focus, the museum contains many weapons, including locally made firearms used in wars, leather cannons from the 18th–19th century, and medieval and modern works in wood, bronze, stone and paintings.

Question: In what area of Kathmandu is the National Museum?
Answer: western

Question: What stupa is close to the National Museum?
Answer: Swayambhunath

Question: Who built the building that contains the National Museum?
Answer: Bhimsen Thapa

Question: When was the National Museum founded?
Answer: 1928

Question: What does Chhauni Silkhana mean?
Answer: the stone house of arms and ammunition
Title: Kathmandu

The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to king Mahendra of Nepal (1920–1972). Like the Tribhuvan Museum, it includes his personal belongings such as decorations, stamps, coins and personal notes and manuscripts, but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber. The Hanumandhoka Palace, a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar, contains three separate museums of historic importance. These museums include the Birendra museum, which contains items related to the second-last monarch, Birendra of Nepal.

Question: When did Tribhuvan die?
Answer: 1955

Question: What was the birth year of King Mahendra?
Answer: 1920

Question: How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace?
Answer: three

Question: Who was the penultimate king of Nepal?
Answer: Birendra

Question: During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?
Answer: medieval
Title: Kathmandu

The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. "Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct). Narayanhity was a new palace, in front of the old palace built in 1915, and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah, then heir apparent to the throne. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads. The palace area covers (30 hectares (74 acres)) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. After the fall of the monarchy, it was converted to a museum.

Question: Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?
Answer: north-central

Question: In what year was Narayanhity constructed?
Answer: 1970

Question: Whose marriage led to the construction of Narayanhity?
Answer: Birenda Bir Bikram Shah

Question: How many acres is the Narayanhity Palace?
Answer: 74

Question: What god is Narayana?
Answer: Vishnu
Title: Kathmandu

The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.

Question: What is the Taragaon Museum dedicated to?
Answer: modern history of the Kathmandu Valley

Question: Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum?
Answer: Carl Pruscha

Question: In what year was the Taragaon Museum built?
Answer: 1971

Question: What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum?
Answer: Boudhnath

Question: What was the Taragaon Museum prior to being a museum?
Answer: hostel
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu.

Question: Contemporary Kathmandu art combines traditional influences with what type of art?
Answer: modern

Question: How many types are Nepali works of art typically divided into?
Answer: two

Question: What do the Tibetans call traditional idealistic paintings?
Answer: Thangkas

Question: What UK charity works on behalf of Kathmandu art?
Answer: Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre

Question: What do the Nepalese call Thangkas?
Answer: Paubhas
Title: Kathmandu

The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

Question: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?
Answer: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds

Question: The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?
Answer: medieval

Question: What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?
Answer: J

Question: Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?
Answer: Babar Mahal

Question: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?
Answer: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery
Title: Kathmandu

The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.

Question: How many volumes are contained in Nepal's National Library?
Answer: 70,000

Question: Along with Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali and English, the National Library contains books in what language?
Answer: Nepal Bhasa

Question: What government department is located in the same building as the Kaiser Library?
Answer: Ministry of Education

Question: How many volumes does the Kaiser Library contain?
Answer: 45,000

Question: Who did the Kaiser Library's books previously belong to?
Answer: Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu International Theater Festival, attracting artists from all over the world. A mini theater is also located at the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, established by the Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee.

Question: Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?
Answer: Kanti Path

Question: What year saw the beginning of the Aarohan Theater Group?
Answer: 1982

Question: What gathering is the work of the Gurukul School of Theatre?
Answer: Kathmandu International Theater Festival

Question: Who constructed the theater in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square?
Answer: Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee
Title: Kathmandu

Most of the cuisines found in Kathmandu are non-vegetarian. However, the practice of vegetarianism is not uncommon, and vegetarian cuisines can be found throughout the city. Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes. A fringe population of devout Hindus and Muslims consider it taboo. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The chief breakfast for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein.

Question: What meat is very rarely eaten in Kathmandu?
Answer: beef

Question: What animal does buff come from?
Answer: water buffalo

Question: What people are particularly known for eating buff?
Answer: Newars

Question: What cuisine notably makes use of pork?
Answer: Kirat

Question: What do Kathmandu residents typically eat for breakfast?
Answer: Momo or Chowmein
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins

Question: How many restaurants in the western style were present in Kathmandu circa 1955?
Answer: one

Question: What chain restaurants are present in Kathmandu?
Answer: Pizza Hut and KFC

Question: How is the egg in American chop suey prepared?
Answer: fried

Question: Along with locals and tourists, who eats at Kathmandu's restaurants?
Answer: expatriates

Question: Along with Nepali, Indian and Chinese cuisines, what cuisine has been a focus of Kathmandu restaurants?
Answer: Tibetan
Title: Kathmandu

Kathmandu has a larger proportion of tea drinkers than coffee drinkers. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar and spices. Alcohol is widely drunk, and there are numerous local variants of alcoholic beverages. Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy. Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers.

Question: What beverage is consumed by more people in Kathmandu, coffee or tea?
Answer: tea

Question: How might a western traveler find the tea served in Kathmandu?
Answer: extremely weak

Question: What is used to make thwon?
Answer: rice

Question: What are bhattis?
Answer: alcohol serving eateries

Question: What goes through a fermentation process to create tongba?
Answer: millet or barley
Title: Kathmandu

Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are celebrated in Kathmandu. With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Social regulation in the codes enacted incorporate Hindu traditions and ethics. These were followed by the Shah kings and previous kings, as devout Hindus and protectors of Buddhist religion.

Question: To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?
Answer: Malla

Question: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?
Answer: Newars

Question: In what direction out of Kathmandu did the Khas originate from?
Answer: west

Question: What does Ghode mean?
Answer: horse

Question: In relation to Kathmandu, where do the Tibetans hale?
Answer: north
Title: Kathmandu

The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.

Question: In addition to Hindus, who regards the Bagmati River as sacred?
Answer: Buddhists

Question: What is done with Hindus after they die?
Answer: cremated

Question: What are done with the bodies of Kirants after death?
Answer: buried

Question: In a Hindu funeral, who is typically the main mourner?
Answer: first son

Question: Before Hindus are cremated, how many times are their bodies placed in the Bagmati?
Answer: three
Title: Kathmandu

Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established.

Question: In what century was Bhrikuti said to live?
Answer: 7th

Question: When did Araniko die?
Answer: 1306

Question: What religion did Araniko help to evangelize?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: How many Newar Buddhist monasteries are present in Kathmandu?
Answer: 108

Question: Approximately how many monasteries in the Kathmandu area are run by Tibetan Buddhists?
Answer: fifty
Title: Kathmandu

Kirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatinath, Wanga Akash Bhairabh (Yalambar) and Ajima are now worshipped by people of all Dharmic religions in Kathmandu. Kirats who have migrated from other parts of Nepal to Kathmandu practice Mundhum in the city.

Question: What type of religion is Kirant Mundhum?
Answer: animistic

Question: Who follows the Kirant Mudhum faith?
Answer: Kirat people

Question: Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times?
Answer: Kirats

Question: What is another name for ancestor worship?
Answer: worship of Ajima