rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: North_Carolina

North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers. After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont. Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill form the Research Triangle, a major area of universities and advanced scientific and technical research. In the 1990s, Charlotte became a major regional and national banking center. Tourism has also been a boon for the North Carolina economy as people flock to the Outer Banks coastal area and the Appalachian Mountains anchored by Asheville.

Question: What programs created by FDR helped North Carolina during the Great Depression?
Answer: New Deal programs

Question: Who did the new deal programs benefit?
Answer: farmers

Question: What crops was the New Deal Program made for?
Answer: cotton and tobacco

Question: After what war did the states economy improve?
Answer: World War II

Question: In the 1990's what NC city became a national banking center?
Answer: Charlotte
Title: North_Carolina

North Carolina was inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of prehistoric indigenous cultures. Before 200 AD, they were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in the Piedmont, continued to build or add on to such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Its largest city was Cahokia, located in present-day Illinois near the Mississippi River.

Question: What inhibited North Carolina for thousands of years?
Answer: prehistoric indigenous cultures

Question: Before 200 AD, people built what kind of mounds for religious purposes?
Answer: earthwork

Question: Who continued to build on to the religious mounds?
Answer: Succeeding peoples

Question: Before European contact, who built large cities and regional trading networks?
Answer: Mississippian culture

Question: What was the largest city in the Piedmont before European contact?
Answer: Cahokia
Title: North_Carolina

Spanish explorers traveling inland in the 16th century met Mississippian culture people at Joara, a regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton. Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540. In 1567 Captain Juan Pardo led an expedition to claim the area for the Spanish colony and to establish another route to protect silver mines in Mexico. Pardo made a winter base at Joara, which he renamed Cuenca. His expedition built Fort San Juan and left a contingent of 30 men there, while Pardo traveled further, and built and garrisoned five other forts. He returned by a different route to Santa Elena on Parris Island, South Carolina, then a center of Spanish Florida. In the spring of 1568, natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior, including the one at Fort San Juan. Although the Spanish never returned to the interior, this effort marked the first European attempt at colonization of the interior of what became the United States. A 16th-century journal by Pardo's scribe Bandera and archaeological findings since 1986 at Joara have confirmed the settlement.

Question: In the 16th century, where did Spanish explorers meet Mississipian cultureal people?
Answer: Joara

Question: What is Joara?
Answer: a regional chiefdom

Question: Where would present day Joara be?
Answer: near present-day Morganton

Question: What was the name of the Spanish man that met the people in Joara?
Answer: Hernando de Soto

Question: What year did hernando de Soto arrive in Joara?
Answer: 1540
Title: North_Carolina

In 1584, Elizabeth I granted a charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, for land in present-day North Carolina (then part of the territory of Virginia). It was the second American territory which the English attempted to colonize. Raleigh established two colonies on the coast in the late 1580s, but both failed. The fate of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island remains one of the most widely debated mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in North America, was born on Roanoke Island on August 18, 1587; Dare County is named for her.

Question: Who is the North Carolina state capital named for?
Answer: Sir Walter Raleigh

Question: Who granted the charter for Sir Walter Raleigh to travel to present day North Carolina?
Answer: Elizabeth I

Question: What year did Elizabeth I grant the charter to Raleigh to travel to North Carolina?
Answer: 1584

Question: What was the second american territory the English attempted to colonize?
Answer: North Carolina

Question: How many colonies did Raleigh establish on the coast of carolina in 1580?
Answer: two
Title: North_Carolina

As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina. The latter became a crown colony in 1729.

Question: In 1650, settlers from what colony moved in to Albemarie Sound?
Answer: Virginia

Question: What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America?
Answer: 1663

Question: What did King Charles II's charter establish?
Answer: North Carolina's borders

Question: Carolina was named after King Charles iI's father, what was his name?
Answer: Charles I

Question: What year was a second charter made to establish the borders of Carolina?
Answer: 1665
Title: North_Carolina

After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia. The latter had grown rapidly and land was less available. Nathaniel Batts was documented as one of the first of these Virginian migrants. He settled south of the Chowan River and east of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655. By 1663, this northeastern area of the Province of Carolina, known as the Albemarle Settlements, was undergoing full-scale English settlement. During the same period, the English monarch Charles II gave the province to the Lords Proprietors, a group of noblemen who had helped restore Charles to the throne in 1660. The new province of "Carolina" was named in honor and memory of King Charles I (Latin: Carolus). In 1712, North Carolina became a separate colony. Except for the Earl Granville holdings, it became a royal colony seventeen years later. A large revolt happened in the state in 1711 known as Cary's Rebellion.

Question: After the Spanish, who were the first Europeans to settle North Carolina?
Answer: English colonists

Question: Where did the English colonists that settle North carolina come from?
Answer: Virginia

Question: The English colonist  left virginia because of what issue with the land there?
Answer: less available

Question: Who was one of the first Virginian migrants to reach the carolinas?
Answer: Nathaniel Batts

Question: What year did Nathaniel Battes settle in North Carolina?
Answer: 1655
Title: North_Carolina

Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century. The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish Highlands. The upcountry of western North Carolina was settled chiefly by Scots-Irish, English, and German Protestants, the so-called "cohee". Arriving during the mid- to late 18th century, the Scots-Irish from what is today Northern Ireland were the largest non-English immigrant group before the Revolution; English indentured servants were overwhelmingly the largest immigrant group before the Revolution. During the American Revolutionary War, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the British Crown, because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh, Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence from Britain.

Question: Eastern North Carolina is also known as what?
Answer: Low Country

Question: Western North carolina is also known as what?
Answer: uplands

Question: Where was The Tidewater located?
Answer: eastern North Carolina

Question: Where did immigrants from England and the Scottish Highlands settle?
Answer: The Tidewater

Question: Who did the Tidewater settlers remain loyal to during the American revolution?
Answer: the British Crown
Title: North_Carolina

Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a lifelong status. Most of the free colored families formed in North Carolina before the Revolution were descended from unions or marriages between free white women and enslaved or free African or African-American men. Because the mothers were free, their children were born free. Many had migrated or were descendants of migrants from colonial Virginia. As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in Great Britain, planters imported more slaves, and the state's legal delineations between free and slave status tightened, effectively hardening the latter into a racial caste. The economy's growth and prosperity was based on slave labor, devoted first to the production of tobacco.

Question: Most English colonists arrived as what?
Answer: indentured servants

Question: Indentured servants hired theirselves out as what?
Answer: laborers

Question: What did the English settlers get in return for their labor?
Answer: passage

Question: Indentured servants were similar to what people in the early days?
Answer: African slaves

Question: As indentured servants improved the economy, there became a greater need to import more what?
Answer: slaves
Title: North_Carolina

On April 12, 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British Crown, through the Halifax Resolves passed by the North Carolina Provincial Congress. The dates of both of these events are memorialized on the state flag and state seal. Throughout the Revolutionary War, fierce guerrilla warfare erupted between bands of pro-independence and pro-British colonists. In some cases the war was also an excuse to settle private grudges and rivalries. A major American victory in the war took place at King's Mountain along the North Carolina–South Carolina border; on October 7, 1780, a force of 1000 mountain men from western North Carolina (including what is today the state of Tennessee)and Southwest Virginia overwhelmed a force of some 1000 British troops led by Major Patrick Ferguson. Most of the soldiers fighting for the British side in this battle were Carolinians who had remained loyal to the Crown (they were called "Tories" or Loyalists). The American victory at Kings Mountain gave the advantage to colonists who favored American independence, and it prevented the British Army from recruiting new soldiers from the Tories.

Question: What year did North Carolina instruct its delegates to vote for independence?
Answer: 1776

Question: Who was north carolina seeking independence from in 1776?
Answer: the British Crown

Question: What year was Americas Victory at King's Mountain?
Answer: 1780

Question: How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain?
Answer: 1000

Question: How many British troops fought at king's Mountain?
Answer: 1000
Title: North_Carolina

The road to Yorktown and America's independence from Great Britain led through North Carolina. As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them. Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles Cornwallis across the heartland of North Carolina, and away from the latter's base of supply in Charleston, South Carolina. This campaign is known as "The Race to the Dan" or "The Race for the River."

Question: Who met the British army as they moved north?
Answer: the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia

Question: Who lost the battle of Cowpens?
Answer: the British Cavalry

Question: Who led the British calvary at Cowpen?
Answer: Commander Banastre Tarleton

Question: What was the date of the battle of Cowpens?
Answer: January 17, 1781

Question: What is another name for the race to the Dan?
Answer: The Race for the River
Title: North_Carolina

In the Battle of Cowan's Ford, Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan's Ford on February 1, 1781, in an attempt to engage General Morgan's forces during a tactical withdrawal. Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene's newly recruited forces. Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present-day Greensboro on March 15, 1781. Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle, their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling. Following this "Pyrrhic victory", Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements, and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army. This decision would result in Cornwallis' eventual defeat at Yorktown, Virginia, later in 1781. The Patriots' victory there guaranteed American independence.

Question: The Battle of Cowan's Ford was fought on the banks of what river?
Answer: Catawba

Question: What year was the battle of Cowans Ford?
Answer: 1781

Question: What is the present day name of the city that the Battle of Guilford Courthouse was fought at?
Answer: Greensboro

Question: After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where?
Answer: Virginia coastline

Question: What did Cornwallis move to the coastline after losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse?
Answer: to get reinforcements
Title: North_Carolina

On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio-economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave-holding "yeoman" farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129-mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a "farmer's railroad", from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston-Salem).

Question: North Carolina was the twelth state to ratify what document?
Answer: the Constitution

Question: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?
Answer: November 21, 1789

Question: What year was the state capitol building of North Carolina completed?
Answer: 1840

Question: Where was the capitol building completed in 1840?
Answer: Raleigh

Question: What part of the state were most slave and plantation owners concentrated in?
Answer: eastern
Title: North_Carolina

Besides slaves, there were a number of free people of color in the state. Most were descended from free African Americans who had migrated along with neighbors from Virginia during the 18th century. The majority were the descendants of unions in the working classes between white women, indentured servants or free, and African men, indentured, slave or free. After the Revolution, Quakers and Mennonites worked to persuade slaveholders to free their slaves. Some were inspired by their efforts and the language of the Revolution to arrange for manumission of their slaves. The number of free people of color rose markedly in the first couple of decades after the Revolution.

Question: Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century?
Answer: Virginia

Question: After the revolution Quakers and mennonited encouraged slaveholders to do what?
Answer: free their slaves

Question: What happened to the number of free colored people for the first few decades after the war?
Answer: rose
Title: North_Carolina

On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh. In 1849 the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.

Question: What was the name of the railroad that began construction in 1836?
Answer: Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad

Question: The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad was going to connect Wilmington to what city?
Answer: Raleigh

Question: In 1849, what railroad was created?
Answer: North Carolina Railroad

Question: What direction did the North carolina railroad extend?
Answer: west

Question: What stretch of the railroad was vital to the confederates in the civil war?
Answer: Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch
Title: North_Carolina

While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases.

Question: In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?
Answer: 33

Question: Where were most of the slaves in North Carolina located?
Answer: eastern Tidewater

Question: What type of land did the slaves live on?
Answer: plantations

Question: How many free people of color lived in NC in 1860?
Answer: 30,463

Question: Where were the free people of color located in north carolina in 1860?
Answer: eastern coastal plain
Title: North_Carolina

In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.

Question: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?
Answer: one-third

Question: North Carolina did not vote to join the confederacy until they were ordered to invade what state?
Answer: South Carolina

Question: When was North Carolinas official secession?
Answer: May 20

Question: When was Tennessees informal secession?
Answer: May 7, 1861

Question: When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?
Answer: June 8, 1861
Title: North_Carolina

After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, while some covertly supported the Union cause during the conflict. Approximately 2,000 North Carolinians from western North Carolina enlisted in the Union Army and fought for the North in the war. Two additional Union Army regiments were raised in the coastal areas of the state, which were occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863. Numerous slaves escaped to Union lines, where they became essentially free.

Question: Some North Carolinians still refused to support what after secession?
Answer: the Confederacy

Question: Some of what farmers remained neutral during the civil war?
Answer: yeoman

Question: Where were the yoeman farmers that remained neutral during the civil war located?
Answer: in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region

Question: How many North Carolinians from the west fought for the union Army?
Answer: 2,000

Question: When did union forces occupy coastal areas of North carolina?
Answer: 1862 and 1863
Title: North_Carolina

Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.

Question: What was the name of the Confederacys most famous army?
Answer: Army of Northern Virginia

Question: How many battles of the army of Northern Virginia did confederate troops from north Carolina fight in?
Answer: virtually all

Question: What was the name of the largest battle fought in North Carolina?
Answer: Bentonville

Question: What was the name of the confederate general that fought in Bentonville?
Answer: General Joseph Johnston

Question: What was the name of the Union General that fought in Bentonville?
Answer: General William Tecumseh Sherman