rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Freemasonry

English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.

Question: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?
Answer: the 1720s

Question: Who were the first English Freemasons in France?
Answer: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites

Question: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe?
Answer: 18th century

Question: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?
Answer: Duke of Clermont

Question: Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont?
Answer: Duke of Orléans

Question: When did English Freemasonry spread to France?
Answer: the 1720s

Question: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe?
Answer: the 18th century

Question: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?
Answer: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont

Question: Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont?
Answer: the Duke of Orléans

Question: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?
Answer: 1773
Title: Freemasonry

The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide. Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations. The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit. This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry.

Question: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?
Answer: provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide

Question: When was CLIPSAS set up?
Answer: 1961

Question: What are two major sections of Freemasonry?
Answer: Anglo-American and Continental

Question: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?
Answer: Irregular

Question: What strand is considered to be irregular by the majority of Freemasons?
Answer: the Liberal (Continental) strand

Question: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?
Answer: 1961

Question: How many Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are listed in the CLIPSAS list?
Answer: 70

Question: Does the United Grand Lodge of England communicate with any of the 70 lodges on the CLIPSAS list?
Answer: does not communicate
Title: Freemasonry

The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry. The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890. The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.

Question: Whao has always opposed Freemasonry?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church

Question: Why does the Catholic Church oppose the Freemasons so strongly?
Answer: teaches a naturalistic deistic religion

Question: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?
Answer: Pope Clement XII

Question: When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?
Answer: 28 April 1738

Question: What was the most recent Papal prounouncement agasnst Freemasonry?
Answer: Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890

Question: Who has the longest history of objection to Freemasonry?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church

Question: What law banned books favoring Freemasonry?
Answer: The 1917 Code of Canon Law

Question: The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what?
Answer: Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion

Question: What pope first issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
Answer: Pope Clement XII

Question: What pope most recently issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
Answer: Pope Leo XIII
Title: Freemasonry

In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant versions: "Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and deifying rationalism."

Question: What action is forbid by the Orthodox Greek Church to Freemasons?
Answer: cannot partake of the Eucharist

Question: What is the official stance on Freemasonry by the Greek Orthodox Church?
Answer: cannot be at all compatible with Christianity

Question: What would happen if someone in the Greek Orthodox Church became a Freemason?
Answer: constitutes an act of apostasy

Question: When did the Orthodox Church of Greece proclaim being a Freemason was an act of apostacy?
Answer: 1933

Question: Which other major religions hold the same beliefs, on Freemasonry, as the Orthodox Church of Greece?
Answer: Roman Catholic and Protestant

Question: In what year did the Orthodox Church of Greece declare that being a Freemason constituted an act of apostasy?
Answer: 1933

Question: Freemasonry cannot be compatible with what according to the Orthodox Church?
Answer: Christianity

Question: Freemason cannot partake in what until they repent according to the Orthodox Church of Greece?
Answer: the Eucharist
Title: Freemasonry

In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).

Question: What belief is required of a candidate by the Grand Lodge?
Answer: belief in a Supreme Being

Question: Are candadites required to express belief in a specific religion?
Answer: few cases

Question: Which branch of Freemasonry does not require a belief in a supreme being?
Answer: Continental Freemasonry

Question: Which branch of Freemasonry accepts atheists?
Answer: "Liberal" or Continental

Question: Which branch of Freemasonry only accepts Christians?
Answer: Swedish Rite

Question: Most Grand Lodges require a candidate to declare a belief in what?
Answer: a Supreme Being

Question: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?
Answer: Christians

Question: What Freemason group accept atheists?
Answer: the Grand Orient de France

Question: The Grand Orient de France is considered what type of Freemasonry?
Answer: Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry
Title: Freemasonry

Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).

Question: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?
Answer: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area

Question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?
Answer: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them

Question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?
Answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived

Question: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize?
Answer: recognise both

Question: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory?
Answer: choose between them

Question: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area?
Answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction

Question: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions?
Answer: 1849

Question: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?
Answer: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction
Title: Freemasonry

There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.

Question: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?
Answer: 17th–18th

Question: What is the oldest Masonic lodge in the world?
Answer: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland

Question: What were members who did not practice the physical craft known as?
Answer: accepted or speculative Masons

Question: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?
Answer: show continuity

Question: What is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world?
Answer: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1

Question: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started?
Answer: 1598

Question: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges?
Answer: in the later 18th century
Title: Freemasonry

Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

Question: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
Answer: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans

Question: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
Answer: 1775

Question: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?
Answer: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls

Question: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?
Answer: African Lodge, Number 1

Question: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?
Answer: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"

Question: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?
Answer: Prince Hall Freemasonry

Question: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?
Answer: 1775

Question: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?
Answer: 1784

Question: When was the UGLE formed?
Answer: 1813

Question: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?
Answer: the African Lodge, Number 1
Title: Freemasonry

Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.

Question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry?
Answer: 1882

Question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry?
Answer: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge

Question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England?
Answer: Disagreements over ritual

Question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge?
Answer: Georges Martin

Question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?
Answer: Annie Besant

Question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?
Answer: Maria Deraismes

Question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?
Answer: Georges Martin

Question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons?
Answer: 1882

Question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created?
Answer: 1901

Question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside?
Answer: 1935
Title: Freemasonry

Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims is to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. In article 28 of its Covenant, Hamas states that Freemasonry, Rotary, and other similar groups "work in the interest of Zionism and according to its instructions ..."

Question: What do Islamic anti-masonics link Freemasonry to?
Answer: al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah

Question: Why do muslim anti-masonics believe that the Freemasons want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque?
Answer: rebuild the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem

Question: What is another group that anti-masonic muslims link to zionism?
Answer: Rotary

Question: What are most of the arguements by anti-masonic muslims centered on? 
Answer: antisemitism and Anti-Zionism

Question: Who's interests are the muslin anti-masonics afraid that the Freemasons are protecting?
Answer: Jews

Question: What do many Islamic and anti-Masonic argue about Freemasonry?
Answer: linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah)

Question: Some Muslims argue that Freemasonry promotes what?
Answer: the interests of the Jews

Question: What article states that Freemasonry work in the interest of Zionism?
Answer: article 28
Title: Freemasonry

The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.

Question: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?
Answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

Question: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be?
Answer: political prisoners

Question: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?
Answer: inverted red triangle

Question: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?
Answer: Professor Franz Six

Question: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located?
Answer: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)

Question: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?
Answer: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

Question: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?
Answer: Professor Franz Six

Question: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime?
Answer: between 80,000 and 200,000

Question: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?
Answer: an inverted red triangle.
Title: Freemasonry

Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.

Question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry?
Answer: local fraternities of stonemasons

Question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for?
Answer: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients

Question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from?
Answer: the three grades of medieval craft guilds

Question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry?
Answer: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason

Question: Freemasons trace their origins to what?
Answer: the local fraternities of stonemasons

Question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?
Answer: three grades

Question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what?
Answer: Blue Lodge

Question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what?
Answer: Freemasons or Masons
Title: Freemasonry

Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

Question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?
Answer: they are never invited

Question: How does one become a Freemason?
Answer: The onus is on candidates to ask to join

Question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?
Answer: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

Question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?
Answer: track down a local Lodge through the Internet

Question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? 
Answer: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining

Question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?
Answer: a friend

Question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?
Answer: the Internet

Question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?
Answer: never invited

Question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?
Answer: an interview
Title: Freemasonry

Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.

Question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide

Question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: United Grand Lodge of England

Question: How many members does the UGLE have?
Answer: around a quarter million

Question: What are the membership numbers of the United States?
Answer: just under two million

Question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together?
Answer: 150,000

Question: How many members are in Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide

Question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: the United Grand Lodge of England

Question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?
Answer: around a quarter million

Question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member?
Answer: approximately 150,000 members

Question: The United States has how many Freemason members?
Answer: just under two million