rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.

Question: What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?
Answer: BeiDou-1A

Question: When was BeiDou-1A launched?
Answer: 20 December 2000

Question: What was the name of the third satellite launched for the system?
Answer: BeiDou-1C

Question: What was the purpose of launching the BeiDou-1C satellite?
Answer: a backup satellite

Question: When was the BeiDou-1C satellite launched?
Answer: 25 May 2003
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed]

Question: When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system?
Answer: 2 November 2006

Question: What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?
Answer: 10 meters

Question: What was the timing and speed that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?
Answer: timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored.

Question: When was the fourth satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: February 2007

Question: What is the name of the fourth BeiDou-1 satellite?
Answer: BeiDou-1D

Question: What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called?
Answer: BeiDou-2A

Question: What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite?
Answer: serving as a backup satellite

Question: What happened to the BeiDou-1D satellite that needed to be repaired?
Answer: a control system malfunction
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC).

Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: April 2007

Question: What is the the first satellite for the BeiDou-2 system called?
Answer: Compass-M1

Question: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation

Question: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: 15 April 2009

Question: When was the third satellite for the BeiDou-2 system launched?
Answer: 17 January 2010
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004, China officially joined the Galileo project by signing the Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program between the "Galileo Joint Undertaking" (GJU) and the "National Remote Sensing Centre of China" (NRSCC). Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China’s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004. By April 2006, eleven cooperation projects within the Galileo framework had been signed between China and EU. However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.

Question: How much was China going to invest in the European Galileo positioning system project?
Answer: €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million)

Question: In 2003, what was the planned purpose of the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: only be used by its armed forces

Question: When did China join the Galileo project?
Answer: October 2004

Question: When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?
Answer: December 2004

Question: Who said in 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its involvement in the Galileo project?
Answer: the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.

Question: What is the BeiDou-1?
Answer: an experimental regional navigation system

Question: The BeiDou-1 is made up of how may satellites?
Answer: four

Question: How many satellites in the BeiDou-1 system is used for back up?
Answer: one

Question: What were the BeiDou-1 system satellites based on?
Answer: the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite

Question: How much did each satellite for the BeiDou-1 system weigh?
Answer: 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.

Question: What type of satellites does the American GPS system use?
Answer: medium Earth orbit satellites

Question: What type of satellites does the BeiDou-1 system use?
Answer: satellites in geostationary orbit

Question: What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1 system using stallites in geostationary orbit?
Answer: the system does not require a large constellation of satellites

Question: What service area is covered by the BeiDou-1 system?
Answer: from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N

Question: What is the frequency of the BeiDou-1 system?
Answer: 2491.75 MHz
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.

Question: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: October 31, 2000

Question: What was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
Answer: BeiDou-1A

Question: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: December 21, 2000

Question: What was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
Answer: BeiDou-1B

Question: When was the last satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
Answer: May 25, 2003
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).

Question: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?
Answer: as high as 0.5 metres

Question: What is the calibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?
Answer: 20m

Question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?
Answer: 100m

Question: Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?
Answer: the official Xinhua News Agency
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In 2008, a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929), almost 10 times the price of a contemporary GPS terminal. The price of the terminals was explained as being due to the cost of imported microchips. At the China High-Tech Fair ELEXCON of November 2009 in Shenzhen, a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB was presented.

Question: How much did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost in 2008?
Answer: around CN¥20,000RMB (US$2,929)

Question: How much more did a BeiDou-1 ground terminal cost than a current GPS terminal?
Answer: almost 10 times the price

Question: Why is a BeiDou-1 ground terminal so expensive?
Answer: due to the cost of imported microchips

Question: Where was the ELEXCON fair held in 2009?
Answer: Shenzhen

Question: What was presented at the ELEXCON fair in 2009?
Answer: a BeiDou terminal priced at CN¥3,000RMB
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Question: Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: Sun Jiadong

Question: What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?
Answer: "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Question: Who is Sun Jiadong?
Answer: the chief designer of the navigation system
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.

Question: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?
Answer: COMPASS

Question: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 35

Question: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 5

Question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 30

Question: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?
Answer: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system.

Question: What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on?
Answer: the CDMA principle

Question: What positioning levels will the BeiDou system offer?
Answer: open and restricted (military)

Question: Where will the public service for the BeiDou system be available?
Answer: globally to general users

Question: Who designed the COMPASS navigation system?
Answer: Sun Jiadong

Question: How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use?
Answer: 75+ satellites
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user. To date, the military service has been granted only to the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan.

Question: What types of services will be offered by the BeiDou system?
Answer: a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military

Question: What is the range of accuracy for the free service offered to civilians?
Answer: 10-meter location-tracking accuracy

Question: What is the range of accuracy for the licensed service used by Chinese government and military?
Answer: 10 centimetres

Question: As of right now, who uses the licensed military service?
Answer: the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan

Question: What is something the licensed military service can be used for?
Answer: communication
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service. However, under International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency will have priority to that frequency, and any subsequent users will be required to obtain permission prior to using that frequency, and otherwise ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with the original nation's broadcasts. It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges.

Question: How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?
Answer: four bands

Question: What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called?
Answer: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

Question: Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?
Answer: E1 and E2

Question: Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service?
Answer: E1 and E2

Question: According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?
Answer: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver.

Question: How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release?
Answer: little was officially announced

Question: What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
Answer: to study general characteristics of the signals

Question: What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?
Answer: to build a COMPASS receiver
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.

Question: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched?
Answer: 14 April 2007

Question: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing

Question: The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite?
Answer: the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system

Question: What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: 21,150 km

Question: What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite?
Answer: 55.5 degrees
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service. The "Q" components have much longer codes, are more interference resistive, and are probably intended for the restricted service. IQ modulation has been the method in both wired and wireless digital modulation since morsetting carrier signal 100 years ago.

Question: What frequency bands does Compass-M1 transmit in?
Answer: E2, E5B, and E6

Question: What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by  Compass-M1?
Answer: 90 degrees (in quadrature)

Question: What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as?
Answer: "I" and "Q"

Question: What is the intended purpose of the "I" component?
Answer: likely to be intended for the open service

Question: What is the intended purpose of the "Q" component?
Answer: probably intended for the restricted service
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components. The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B.

Question: When did the investigation of the signals transmitted by Compass -M1 begin?
Answer: immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007

Question: What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?
Answer: the spectrum and structure of the signals

Question: Who reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components?
Answer: researchers from Stanford University

Question: Who built the COMPASS receiver?
Answer: a group of engineers at Septentrio

Question: What was the purpose of building the COMPASS receiver?
Answer: report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

Characteristics of the "I" signals on E2 and E5B are generally similar to the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C), but Compass signals have somewhat greater power. The notation of Compass signals used in this page follows the naming of the frequency bands and agrees with the notation used in the American literature on the subject, but the notation used by the Chinese seems to be different and is quoted in the first row of the table.

Question: What is the difference between the "I" signals on E2 and E5B and the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C)?
Answer: Compass signals have somewhat greater power
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched. Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds.

Question: When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases?
Answer: December 2011

Question: When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations?
Answer: 27 December

Question: What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system?
Answer: as more satellites are launched

Question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?
Answer: accurate to the nearest 10 m

Question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users?
Answer: within 0.2 m per second
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N.

Question: When did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services?
Answer: December 2012

Question: Where did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services in 2012?
Answer: the Asia-Pacific region

Question: At the time when BeiDou-2 system began offering services, what was the positioning data the system was able to provide?
Answer: between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this year, according to the authorities." The system became operational in the China region that same month. The global navigation system should be finished by 2020. As of December 2012, 16 satellites for BeiDou-2 have been launched, 14 of them are in service.

Question: When did the Beidou system begin operating in China?
Answer: December 2011

Question: When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished?
Answer: by 2020

Question: As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system?
Answer: 16

Question: Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?
Answer: 14
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.

Question: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced?
Answer: 2007

Question: How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?
Answer: nine

Question: What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?
Answer: functional regional coverage

Question: How many satellites were launched since 2007?
Answer: 16
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system.

Question: When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?
Answer: 2015

Question: How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?
Answer: with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites