rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: British_Isles

The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895, when it was first investigated. Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed, most recently the Tusker Tunnel between the ports of Rosslare and Fishguard proposed by The Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004. A rail tunnel was proposed in 1997 on a different route, between Dublin and Holyhead, by British engineering firm Symonds. Either tunnel, at 50 mi (80 km), would be by far the longest in the world, and would cost an estimated £15 billion or €20 billion. A proposal in 2007, estimated the cost of building a bridge from County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway in Scotland at £3.5bn (€5bn).

Question: The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year?
Answer: 1895

Question: What is the name of the recent proposal of a tunnel between Rosslare and Fishguard ports?
Answer: Tusker Tunnel

Question: Who proposed the Tusker Tunnel?
Answer: The Institute of Engineers of Ireland

Question: What is the estimated cost to build the Tusker Tunnel?
Answer: £15 billion or €20 billion

Question: In what year was a bridge proposed between County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway, Scotland?
Answer: 2007
Title: Association_football

Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified "mob football", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia.

Question: What Museum has a vase with an image of an episkyros player?
Answer: National Archaeological Museum of Athens

Question: What game did Athenaeus reference in 228 AD?
Answer: harpastum

Question: What is the name of a similar, non-competitive game in Japan called?
Answer: kemari

Question: What country is the game chuck-guk from?
Answer: Korea

Question: What country is the game wogabaliri from?
Answer: Australia
Title: Association_football

The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.

Question: What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game?
Answer: 1863

Question: Who Organizes the World Cups?
Answer: International Federation of Association Football

Question: About how many years between World Cups?
Answer: four

Question: What country did the Laws of the Game come from?
Answer: England

Question: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands?
Answer: goalkeepers
Title: Association_football

Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD.

Question: What century does football in England date back to?
Answer: eighth century AD

Question: What organization has said that there is no historical connection to association football with any other game outside of Europe?
Answer: FIFA

Question: In what century did the modern rules of association football come from?
Answer: mid-19th century

Question: What country did kids play football in public schools in the 19th century?
Answer: England
Title: Association_football

The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.

Question: Which rules were influential to the codes of association football?
Answer: Cambridge Rules

Question: Which college where the Cambridge Rules written at?
Answer: Trinity College

Question: In what year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were influential?
Answer: 1862

Question: What year did the Sheffield FA form?
Answer: 1867

Question: What year were the Cambridge Rules first drawn up?
Answer: 1848
Title: Association_football

At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005–06 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers, or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which the player spends most time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation. Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager.

Question: What is the only position specified by the Laws of the Game
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: The focus of strikers and forwards are to do what?
Answer: score goals

Question:  A team players layout is a what?
Answer: formation

Question: Who's job is to prevent the opponents from scoring?
Answer: defenders

Question: Who's the most responsible for the teams tactics?
Answer: team's manager
Title: Association_football

These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually produced the first comprehensive set of rules. At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game. These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games.

Question: What year did the Football Association form?
Answer: 1863

Question: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting?
Answer: Freemasons' Tavern

Question: What year did the Rugby Football Union form?
Answer: 1871

Question: How many clubs ended up ratifying the original laws of the game?
Answer: eleven

Question: Who played by their own rules till the 1870's?
Answer: The Sheffield FA
Title: Association_football

The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.

Question: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for founding?
Answer: FA Cup

Question: How long has the FA Cup been contested?
Answer: 1872

Question: Who founded the worlds first football league?
Answer: William McGregor

Question: How many clubs where in the first football league?
Answer: 12

Question: What country is the home of the first football league?
Answer: England
Title: Association_football

The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.

Question: What does the abbreviation IFAB stand for?
Answer: International Football Association Board

Question: What year was the IFAB formed?
Answer: 1886

Question: What city was FIFA formed?
Answer: Paris

Question: How many representatives did FIFA have in the IFAB?
Answer: four

Question: How many different British associations where part of the IFAB?
Answer: four
Title: Association_football

In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

Question: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?
Answer: Côte d'Ivoire

Question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?
Answer: Bouaké

Question: When did the Football War happen?
Answer: June 1969

Question: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?
Answer: Yugoslav Wars
Title: Association_football

The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a "golden age" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.

Question: What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football?
Answer: 1920s

Question: Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?
Answer: 1996

Question: Who voted to ban women's football from its grounds in 1921?
Answer: England's Football Association

Question: In 1971, who officially recognized women's football?
Answer: UEFA

Question: What year was the FIFA Women's first World cup?
Answer: 1991
Title: Association_football

Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to be involved in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks.

Question: What would you describe the shape of the football?
Answer: spherical

Question: How many players are on each team?
Answer: eleven

Question: What happens when both teams score the same amount of points?
Answer: a draw

Question: What is the captain a part of before the start of the game?
Answer: the coin toss

Question: What is another name for the football?
Answer: soccer ball
Title: Association_football

The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

Question: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?
Answer: throw-in restart

Question: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?
Answer: offside

Question: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?
Answer: the pitch

Question: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?
Answer: goalkeepers
Title: Association_football

In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.

Question: Who guards the goal?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?
Answer: referee

Question: what is allowed but restricted?
Answer: physical contact

Question: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped?
Answer: when the ball has left the field of play
Title: Association_football

There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Question: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: 17

Question: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
Answer: International Football Association Board (IFAB)

Question: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
Answer: flexibility

Question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
Answer: FIFA
Title: Association_football

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.

Question: Out of the maximum amount of players allowed, one must be a what?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: The maximum amount of players exclude what?
Answer: substitutes

Question: If there's a minimum amount of players it's usually what?
Answer: seven

Question: Players are usually strategically placed by who?
Answer: coach

Question: What is the maximum amount of players allowed?
Answer: eleven
Title: Association_football

The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

Question: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
Answer: kit

Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
Answer: An athletic supporter and protective cup

Question: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
Answer: goalkeeper

Question: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
Answer: forbidden

Question: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries? 
Answer: Headgear
Title: Association_football

As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

Question: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?
Answer: football pitch

Question: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?
Answer: metric

Question: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?
Answer: English-speaking

Question: Laws were formulated in what country?
Answer: England
Title: Association_football

The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.

Question: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?
Answer: 100–110 m

Question: In what year did the IFAB initially approve a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?
Answer: 2008

Question: When was the IFAB's decision on the fixed size of the pitch become implemented? 
Answer: never

Question: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?
Answer: 90–120 m

Question: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?
Answer: 64–75 m
Title: Association_football

In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.

Question: What is the penalty area marked by?
Answer: goal line

Question: a penalty foul by the defending team can be punishable by a what?
Answer: penalty kick

Question: how many meters from the goalpost does a penalty area extend? 
Answer: 16.5 m

Question: Only who can handle the ball with his hands?
Answer: goalkeeper