rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: Paris

Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen. Paris is located in the north-bending arc of the river Seine and includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream of the city, established around 7600 BC. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Montmartre gained its name from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, atop the Mons Martyrum, "Martyr's mound", in 250.

Question: Where in France is Paris located?
Answer: northern central

Question: How many kilometers is it away from London?
Answer: 450

Question: What major river is located in Paris?
Answer: Seine

Question: What is the largest island in Paris?
Answer: Île de la Cité

Question: What is the largest hill in Paris?
Answer: Montmartre
Title: Paris

Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km2 (34 sq mi) in area, enclosed by the 35 km (22 mi) ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique. The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From the 1860 area of 78 km2 (30 sq mi), the city limits were expanded marginally to 86.9 km2 (33.6 sq mi) in the 1920s. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the city, bringing its area to about 105 km2 (41 sq mi). The metropolitan area of the city is 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi).

Question: What road encircles Paris?
Answer: Boulevard Périphérique

Question: How large is the metropolitan area of Paris?
Answer: 2,300 km2

Question: In what year was Paris' last annexation of outlying territories?
Answer: 1860

Question: How many arrondissements are there?
Answer: 20

Question: In what year were Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes annexed? 
Answer: 1929
Title: Paris

Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).

Question: Which current affects Paris' weather?
Answer: North Atlantic Current

Question: How is Paris' climate categorized?
Answer: mild and moderately wet

Question: What are the average temperatures for summer?
Answer: between 15 and 25 °C

Question: What was the average temperature for July 2011?
Answer: 17.6 °C
Title: Paris

Spring and autumn have, on average, mild days and fresh nights but are changing and unstable. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons. In winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cold but generally above freezing with temperatures around 7 °C (45 °F). Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature will dip below −5 °C (23 °F) for only a few days a year. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation.

Question: What is the average temperature during winter?
Answer: 7 °C

Question: Does Paris see snow?
Answer: sometimes sees light snow or flurries

Question: How often does the temperature drop below -5 C
Answer: a few days a year
Title: Paris

The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members. Each arrondissement has a number of members depending upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th) to 36 members for the most populated (the 15th). The elected council members select the mayor. Sometimes the candidate who receives the most votes city-wide is not selected if the other candidate has won the support of the majority of council members. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (2001-2014) was elected by only a minority of city voters, but a majority of council members. Once elected, the council plays a largely passive role in the city government; it meets only once a month. The current council is divided between a coalition of the left of 91 members, including the socialists, communists, greens, and extreme left; and 71 members for the centre right, plus a few members from smaller parties.

Question: How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?
Answer: 163

Question: How was Mayor Bertand Delanoe elected
Answer: majority of council members

Question: How often does the council meet?
Answer: once a month

Question: What years was Bertrand Delanoe Mayor?
Answer: 2001-2014
Title: Paris

The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by the state budget); 5 percent for parks and gardens; and 4 percent for culture. The main source of income for the city is direct taxes (35 percent), supplemented by a 13-percent real estate tax; 19 percent of the budget comes in a transfer from the national government.

Question: What was the budget of the city in 2013
Answer: €7.6 billion

Question: How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?
Answer: 5.4 billion

Question: What percent of the budget goes towards public housing and urbanism projects?
Answer: 38

Question: What is the main source of income for Paris?
Answer: taxes

Question: What percentage of the budget is allocated for schools?
Answer: 8
Title: Paris

The Métropole du Grand Paris, or Metropolis of Greater Paris, formally came into existence on January 1, 2016. It is an administrative structure for cooperation between the City of Paris and its nearest suburbs. It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris. The Metropole covers 814 square kilometers and has a population of 6.945 million persons.

Question: When did the Metropole du Grand Paris come into existence?
Answer: January 1, 2016

Question: How large is the Metropole?
Answer: 814 square kilometers

Question: What is the population of the metropole?
Answer: 6.945 million

Question: What three departments of the inner suburbs are included in the metropole?
Answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne

Question: How many communes of the outer suburbs are included in the metropole?
Answer: seven
Title: Paris

The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing, and protection of the environment. The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016. Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France, it has a very small budget; just 65 million Euros, compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris.

Question: How many members are in the Metropolitan Council?
Answer: 210

Question: Who was the first president of the metropolitan council?
Answer: Patrick Ollier

Question: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of?
Answer: Rueil-Malmaison

Question: What party does Patrick Ollier associate with?
Answer: Republican

Question: What is the budget for Metropole?
Answer: 65 million Euros
Title: Paris

The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. The Socialists had governed the region for seventeen years. In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the extreme right National Front.

Question: In which district is the Regional Coucil housed?
Answer: 7th

Question: For how many years did the socialists governed the region?
Answer: seventeen

Question: How many council members will they have in 2016 from the union of the Right?
Answer: 121

Question: Who led the Union of the Right?
Answer: Valérie Pécresse
Title: Paris

France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.

Question: Where are France's highest courts located?
Answer: Paris

Question: What is the highest court in the judicial order?
Answer: Court of Cassation

Question: Where does the Constitutional Council meet?
Answer: Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal

Question: Where is the Coutt of Cassation located?
Answer: Palais de Justice

Question: Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?
Answer: Palais-Royal
Title: Paris

Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.

Question: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?
Answer: Paris

Question: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?
Answer: Paris

Question: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?
Answer: Paris
Title: Paris

The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including the Paris Fire Brigade. Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture, and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles, including police cars, motorcycles, fire trucks, boats and helicopters. In addition to traditional police duties, the local police monitors the number of discount sales held by large stores (no more than two a year are allowed) and verify that, during summer holidays, at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood. The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings, called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France. Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events.

Question: Who is responsible for the security of Paris?
Answer: Prefecture of Police of Paris

Question: Where is the headquarters for the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
Answer: Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité

Question: How many officers are in the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
Answer: 30,200

Question: When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?
Answer: 1944

Question: How many vehicles are in the fleet?
Answer: 6,000
Title: Paris

Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation needed] At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes. Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation. Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts, distinctive cream-grey "Paris stone" building ornamentation, aligned top-floor balconies, and tree-lined boulevards. The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities.

Question: Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?
Answer: Baron Haussmann

Question: Which two islands remain in Paris today?
Answer: île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité

Question: When was ile aux Cygnes created?
Answer: 1827
Title: Paris

Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.

Question: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?
Answer: 50 m

Question: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?
Answer: Montparnasse

Question: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?
Answer: Hermitage Plaza

Question: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?
Answer: 2009

Question: How many towers were planned to be built?
Answer: two
Title: Paris

Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).

Question: When was La Madeleine built?
Answer: 1808-1842

Question: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?
Answer: 1875

Question: When was the Eiffel Tower built?
Answer: 1889

Question: Who built the art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation?
Answer: Frank Gehry

Question: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?
Answer: I.M. Pei
Title: Paris

In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France. Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children. Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside France, the largest number coming from Africa and Eastern Europe. The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations.

Question: What was the population of the urban area of Paris in 2012 without a fixed residence?
Answer: 28,800

Question: What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house?
Answer: 43

Question: What percentage of homeless people are women?
Answer: 43

Question: How many homeless shelters are in Paris?
Answer: sixty

Question: Who funds these homeless shelters?
Answer: the city
Title: Paris

Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent "District de la région parisienne" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed "Île-de-France" in 1977, but the "Paris region" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence.

Question: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?
Answer: Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes

Question: When was the Siene department created?
Answer: 1790

Question: WHen was District de la region parisienne reorganised?
Answer: 1968

Question: What was the Paris region renamed to?
Answer: "Île-de-France"

Question: When was Paris reunited with its suburbs?
Answer: January 1, 2016
Title: Paris

Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban villes nouvelles ("new cities") and the RER commuter train network. Many other suburban residential districts (grands ensembles) were built between the 1960s and 1970s to provide a low-cost solution for a rapidly expanding population: these districts were socially mixed at first, but few residents actually owned their homes (the growing economy made these accessible to the middle classes only from the 1970s). Their poor construction quality and their haphazard insertion into existing urban growth contributed to their desertion by those able to move elsewhere and their repopulation by those with more limited possibilities.

Question: When did Paul Delouvrier become the head of the Paris region?
Answer: 1961

Question: What was a major problem with Paris being disconnected from its suburbs?
Answer: lack of suburban transportation

Question: How many suburban villes nouvelles did Paul Delouvrier constuct?
Answer: five
Title: Paris

These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.

Question: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?
Answer: northern and eastern Paris

Question: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?
Answer: Goutte d'Or and Belleville

Question: Why were these neighborhoods created?
Answer: Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative
Title: Paris

The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.

Question: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits?
Answer: 2,241,346

Question: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?
Answer: fifth

Question: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?
Answer: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome

Question: Who created The Paris Urban Area?
Answer: INSEE

Question: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?
Answer: 10,550,350
Title: Paris

The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.

Question: What is Paris' peak population?
Answer: 2.9 million

Question: When was Paris' population peak?
Answer: 1921

Question: What year was the first population increase since 1954?
Answer: 2004

Question: What was the population in 2009?
Answer: 2,234,000