rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.

Question: When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?
Answer: 2015

Question: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?
Answer: 193

Question: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?
Answer: 17

Question: The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?
Answer: 15 years
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest.

Question: Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?
Answer: ambitious

Question: The third of the goals concerns what?
Answer: health

Question: What does the fourth goal focus on improving?
Answer: education

Question: What is the topic of the fifth goal?
Answer: gender equality
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?
Answer: Rafael M. Salas

Question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?
Answer: Nigeria

Question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?
Answer: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

Question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?
Answer: Dr Nafis Sadik
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people:

Question: UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?
Answer: population and reproductive health programs

Question: In how many countries does UNFPA operate?
Answer: 150

Question: In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?
Answer: non-governmental organizations

Question: What supports UNFPA's work?
Answer: the international community

Question: The Fund's programs support women, men, and who else?
Answer: young people
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

Question: UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?
Answer: reproductive health

Question: These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?
Answer: the reproductive system

Question: What is the third element?
Answer: social health
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.

Question: Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?
Answer: developing countries

Question: To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?
Answer: population concerns

Question: What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?
Answer: policies and strategies

Question: Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?
Answer: Dr. Osotimehin

Question: The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?
Answer: Goodwill Ambassadors
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.

Question: UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?
Answer: women and young people

Question: With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?
Answer: governments

Question: With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?
Answer: United Nations agencies

Question: In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?
Answer: raise awareness

Question: Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?
Answer: communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.

Question: UNFPA has  been accused of supporting what type of abortion?
Answer: forced-abortions

Question: UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?
Answer: sterilizations

Question: What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?
Answer: anti-family planning groups

Question: Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?
Answer: three
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives.

Question: Who contributes to UNFPA?
Answer: governments and the private sector

Question: Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?
Answer: $1 billion

Question: How much of its funding was earmarked?
Answer: $529 million

Question: What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?
Answer: $477 million
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.

Question: During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?
Answer: the mid-to-late '90s

Question: Peru was found to have been coercing what?
Answer: sterilizations

Question: UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?
Answer: reforms and protocols

Question: UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?
Answer: women seeking assistance

Question: After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?
Answer: laws and practices
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.

Question: Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?
Answer: the Bush Administration

Question: During what period did the administration deny funding?
Answer: From 2002 through 2008

Question: Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?
Answer: the US Congress

Question: What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?
Answer: forced abortions and coercive sterilizations

Question: What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?
Answer: the Kemp-Kasten Amendment
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to the State Department that it found "no evidence that UNFPA has supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization in China," as has been charged by critics.

Question: Which country was administering forced abortions?
Answer: China

Question: How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?
Answer: three

Question: Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?
Answer: the State Department
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.

Question: What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?
Answer: population control policies

Question: What was this official's position at the time?
Answer: Secretary of State

Question: Who was the official that accused UNFPA?
Answer: Colin Powell

Question: What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?
Answer: vehicles and computers

Question: What papers reported on this incident?
Answer: the Washington Post and the Washington Times
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.

Question: Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?
Answer: Christopher H. Smith

Question: The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?
Answer: Potemkin Villages

Question: Which former director defended UNFPA?
Answer: Dr. Nafis Sadik

Question: Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?
Answer: Amnesty International

Question: What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?
Answer: coercive techniques
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does," said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”

Question: What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?
Answer: Amnesty International

Question: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?
Answer: Population Research Institute

Question: In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?
Answer: United Nations Members

Question: How many members does the “Group of 77” have?
Answer: 130

Question: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch.

Question: Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?
Answer: President

Question: What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?
Answer: Bush

Question: How much funding was blocked?
Answer: $244 million

Question: Which branch of government denied the UNFPA funding?
Answer: the Executive Branch

Question: How had the UNFPA funding been initially approved?
Answer: Congressionally
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.

Question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?
Answer: the Netherlands

Question: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?
Answer: Luxembourg

Question: Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?
Answer: Japan

Question: In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?
Answer: 180
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.

Question: What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA?
Answer: America

Question: What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA?
Answer: nonprofit

Question: What was Friends of UNFPA's previous name?
Answer: Americans for UNFPA

Question: What type of United States funding does Friends of UNFPA try to replace? 
Answer: federal funding

Question: Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money?
Answer: private donations
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."

Question: Which president began funding UNFPA again?
Answer: Barack Obama

Question: In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?
Answer: 2009

Question: In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?
Answer: January

Question: The president said the U.S. would be joining how many donor nations?
Answer: 180

Question: The president said funding the U.N. Population Fund would help in how many countries?
Answer: 154
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika  listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.

Question: Which ocean is along eastern Russia?
Answer: the Pacific Ocean

Question: Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?
Answer: 91

Question: How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?
Answer: sixteen

Question: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?
Answer: forty

Question: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?
Answer: five

Question: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?
Answer: six
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".

Question: Which group originally created the Soviet state?
Answer: the Bolsheviks

Question: Who led the group which created the Soviet state?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question: Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?
Answer: the Russian Provisional Government

Question: How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?
Answer: five months

Question: What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks use for the Soviet state?
Answer: Sovdepia

Question: Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question: What body was overthrown by the October Revolution?
Answer: Russian Provisional Government

Question: For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized?
Answer: five months

Question: What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks?
Answer: Sovdepia
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.

Question: When was the Soviet Union created?
Answer: December 30, 1922

Question: How many republics were in the USSR?
Answer: six

Question: What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Constitution?
Answer: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Question: When did the Soviet Union include the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution?
Answer: 1936

Question: In which war was Russia involved in 1700?
Answer: the Great Northern War

Question: On what date was the Soviet Union created?
Answer: December 30, 1922

Question: How many republics made up the USSR by the end of 1922?
Answer: six

Question: In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted?
Answer: 1936

Question: What document renamed the country the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?
Answer: Soviet Constitution of 1936

Question: In what year was the Great Northern War fought?
Answer: 1700
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.

Question: When did the Soviet Union break up?
Answer: December 25, 1991

Question: Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?
Answer: the Russian Federation

Question: What is the current official name of Russia?
Answer: the Russian Federation

Question: When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?
Answer: April 21, 1992

Question: When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation?
Answer: December 25, 1991

Question: What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?
Answer: the collapse of the Soviet Union

Question: When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?
Answer: April 21, 1992

Question: What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation?
Answer: 1993 Constitution of Russia
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.

Question: Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?
Answer: Poland

Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?
Answer: Norway and Finland

Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?
Answer: Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China

Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?
Answer: Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs

Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?
Answer: the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs

Question: What country borders Russia on the west?
Answer: Poland

Question: Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?
Answer: Finland

Question: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?
Answer: Georgian

Question: Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?
Answer: Democratic People's Republic of Korea