rajpurkar/squad huggingface dataset:
Title: General_Electric

In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped from their plant in Waterford, New York. In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.

Question: Which New York State Attorney General filed suit in US District Court to force GE to pay for the cleanup of chemicals dumped by their plant in Waterford, NY?
Answer: Robert Abrams

Question: How much did GE agree to pay in claims for the pollution it caused in the Housatonic River and other sites?
Answer: $250 million

Question: How many tons of PCBs were claimed to have been dumped by GE's Waterford Plant in the 1983 lawsuit?
Answer: more than 100,000

Question: In which year was a settlement reached regarding GE's pollution of the Housatonic River?
Answer: 1999

Question: What was the location of the pollution caused by GE in the Housatonic River?
Answer: Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Title: United_States_Army

The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.

Question: When was the Continental Army created?
Answer: 14 June 1775

Question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
Answer: George Washington

Question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
Answer: Europe

Question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?
Answer: Prussian tactics and organizational skills
Title: United_States_Army

The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel, the unpopularity of the war with the American public, and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by American political leaders. While American forces had been stationed in the Republic of Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence & advising/training roles, they did not deploy in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. American forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, however they struggled to counter the guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army. On a tactical level, American soldiers (and the U.S. military as a whole) did not lose a sizable battle.

Question: What year did American forces start being stationed in Vietnam?
Answer: 1959

Question: What caused American forces to deploy in large number in 1965?
Answer: Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Question: What political structure did Vietnam have?
Answer: communist
Title: United_States_Army

By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.

Question: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?
Answer: the "National Army"

Question: When was the National Army demobilized?
Answer: end of World War I

Question: Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?
Answer: "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps"
Title: United_States_Army

The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the Secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a body composed of the service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of the services follows a chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the unified combatant commanders, who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility. Thus, the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to the combatant commanders for use as directed by the Secretary of Defense.

Question: Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army?
Answer: The Chief of Staff

Question: Who does the Chief of Staff serve as the principal military adviser to?
Answer: Secretary of the Army

Question: How many military services beling to the Department of Defense?
Answer: four

Question: In what year did the Goldwater-Nichols act take place?
Answer: 1986
Title: United_States_Army

The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

Question: What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?
Answer: The United States Army

Question: How many uniformed services are there in the US?
Answer: seven

Question: What years did the American Revolutionary War span?
Answer: 1775–83

Question: What date was the U.S. Army created?
Answer: 3 June 1784

Question: What did the U.S Army replace?
Answer: Continental Army
Title: United_States_Army

The War of 1812, the second and last American war against the United Kingdom, was less successful for the U.S. than the Revolution and Northwest Indian War against natives had been, though it ended on a high note for Americans as well. After the taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the Americans were able to seize parts of western Upper Canada, burn York and defeat Tecumseh, which caused his Indian Confederacy to collapse. Following ending victories in the province of Upper Canada, which dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", British troops were able to capture and burn Washington. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore, prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of a status quo ante bellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and became a national hero. Per the treaty both sides returned to the status quo with no victor.

Question: The War of 1812 consisted of the U.S against whom?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: In what year did the U.S. take control of Lake Eerie?
Answer: 1813

Question: Who did the U.S. defeat to collapse the Indian Confederacy?
Answer: Tecumseh

Question: In the Battle of New Orleans, who defeated the British?
Answer: Andrew Jackson
Title: United_States_Army

After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.

Question: What political party did not have trust in standing armies?
Answer: republican

Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?
Answer: General St. Clair

Question: Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?
Answer: Native Americans

Question: In what year was the Legion of the United States established?
Answer: 1791

Question: In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?
Answer: 1796
Title: United_States_Army

Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.

Question: Where is the National Training Center located?
Answer: Fort Irwin, California

Question: Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located?
Answer: Fort Polk, Louisiana

Question: Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located?
Answer: Hohenfels, Germany

Question: In what year was ARFORGEN approved?
Answer: 2006

Question: In what states is Fort Bliss located?
Answer: New Mexico and Texas
Title: United_States_Army

For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.

Question: In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?
Answer: 1862

Question: Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?
Answer: Ulysses Grant

Question: Who captured Atlanta?
Answer: William T. Sherman

Question: Where did Lee surrender his army?
Answer: Appomattox Court House
Title: United_States_Army

The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.

Question: What war occurred after the end of World War II?
Answer: Cold War

Question: In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?
Answer: 1950

Question: How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?
Answer: four
Title: United_States_Army

The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.

Question: What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?
Answer: December 1941

Question: Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?
Answer: Japanese

Question: What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"?
Answer: June 6, 1944

Question: What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?
Answer: Pacific War

Question: Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?
Answer: Harry S. Truman
Title: United_States_Army

The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take the United States (and more specifically the U.S. Army) to war without the support of the American people, General Abrams intertwined the structure of the three components of the army in such a way as to make extended operations impossible, without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.

Question: Who adopted the Total Force Policy?
Answer: General Creighton Abrams

Question: What war was responsible for the creation of the Total Force Policy?
Answer: Vietnam War

Question: How many army components were affected by the Total Force Policy?
Answer: three
Title: United_States_Army

In response to the September 11 attacks, and as part of the Global War on Terror, U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003. It served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In the following years the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency, resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003–2011.

Question: Which country was invaded by the U.S. in October 2001?
Answer: Afghanistan

Question: The U.S. Army invaded Iraq in what year?
Answer: 2003

Question: About how many U.S. soldiers died as of March 2008 due to counterinsurgency?
Answer: more than 4,000

Question: How many Iraqi insurgents were killed from 2003-2011?
Answer: 23,813
Title: United_States_Army

Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.

Question: What were National Guard members considered before 1903?
Answer: state soldiers

Question: In what year did the Milita Act take place?
Answer: 1903

Question: The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?
Answer: the Army

Question: National Guardsmen are under the authority of who?
Answer: the governor
Title: United_States_Army

The U.S. Army currently consists of 10 active divisions as well as several independent units. The force is in the process of contracting after several years of growth. In June 2013, the Army announced plans to downsize to 32 active combat brigade teams by 2015 to match a reduction in active duty strength to 490,000 soldiers. Army Chief of Staff Raymond Odierno has projected that by 2018 the Army will eventually shrink to "450,000 in the active component, 335,000 in the National Guard and 195,000 in U.S. Army Reserve."

Question: How many divisions are there in the U.S. Army?
Answer: 10

Question: How many brigade teams did the Army downsize to by 2015?
Answer: 32

Question: Who is the Army Chief of Staff?
Answer: Raymond Odierno

Question: By 2018, how many active Army members will there be?
Answer: 450,000

Question: How many Army Reserve members will there be by 2018?
Answer: 195,000
Title: United_States_Army

Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Question: What categories are U.S. Army training divided into?
Answer: individual and collective

Question: How long does basic training last?
Answer: 10 weeks

Question: How long does military occupation specialties training last?
Answer: 14–20 weeks

Question: What does OSUT stand for?
Answer: One Station Unit Training

Question: Where are the Armor School and the Infantry School both located?
Answer: Fort Benning, Georgia
Title: United_States_Army

Many units are supplemented with a variety of specialized weapons, including the M249 SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon), to provide suppressive fire at the fire-team level. Indirect fire is provided by the M203 grenade launcher. The M1014 Joint Service Combat Shotgun or the Mossberg 590 Shotgun are used for door breaching and close-quarters combat. The M14EBR is used by designated marksmen. Snipers use the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle, the M2010 Enhanced Sniper Rifle, and the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Rifle.

Question: What does the SAW in M249 SAW stand for?
Answer: Squad Automatic Weapon

Question: What kind of gunfire is the M249 SAW generally used for?
Answer: suppressive fire

Question: What is the Mossberg 590 used for?
Answer: door breaching and close-quarters combat

Question: What gun do designated marksmen use?
Answer: M14EBR

Question: What semi-automatic sniper do Snipers use?
Answer: M110
Title: United_States_Army

The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the remainder will be spread across the active force. The Oshkosh M-ATV will be kept the most at 5,681 vehicles, as it is smaller and lighter than other MRAPs for off-road mobility. The other most retained vehicle will be the Navistar MaxxPro Dash with 2,633 vehicles, plus 301 Maxxpro ambulances. Thousands of other MRAPs like the Cougar, BAE Caiman, and larger MaxxPros will be disposed of.

Question: How many MRAP vehicles has the Pentagon bought since 2007?
Answer: 25,000

Question: How many of the vehicles will be used for training?
Answer: 1,073

Question: How many of the 25,000 vehicles do they plan on getting rid of?
Answer: 7,456

Question: The Army will be keeping 5,681 of what vehicle?
Answer: Oshkosh M-ATV

Question: What type of ambulance will the Army have 301 of?
Answer: Maxxpro
Title: United_States_Army

The U.S. Army black beret (having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap) is no longer worn with the new ACU for garrison duty. After years of complaints that it wasn't suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified, or not (maroon beret), Members of the 75th Ranger Regiment and the Airborne and Ranger Training Brigade (tan beret), and Special Forces (rifle green beret) and may wear it with the Army Service Uniform for non-ceremonial functions. Unit commanders may still direct the wear of patrol caps in these units in training environments or motor pools.

Question: What piece of the uniform has been replaced by the patrol cap?
Answer: black beret

Question: Who was the Army Chief of Staff at this time?
Answer: General Martin Dempsey

Question: What month and year was the black beret replaced?
Answer: June 2011

Question: If a soldier is in a unit in jump status, what color beret do they wear?
Answer: maroon

Question: The rifle green beret is worn by whom?
Answer: Special Forces