rainbutterfly/cve_corpus huggingface dataset:
CVE-2024-39466 thermal/drivers/qcom/lmh: Check for SCM availability at probe
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

thermal/drivers/qcom/lmh: Check for SCM availability at probe

Up until now, the necessary scm availability check has not been
performed, leading to possible null pointer dereferences (which did
happen for me on RB1).

Fix that.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:25:04.952Z
CVE-2024-39467 f2fs: fix to do sanity check on i_xattr_nid in sanity_check_inode()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix to do sanity check on i_xattr_nid in sanity_check_inode()

syzbot reports a kernel bug as below:

F2FS-fs (loop0): Mounted with checkpoint version = 48b305e4
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in f2fs_test_bit fs/f2fs/f2fs.h:2933 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in current_nat_addr fs/f2fs/node.h:213 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in f2fs_get_node_info+0xece/0x1200 fs/f2fs/node.c:600
Read of size 1 at addr ffff88807a58c76c by task syz-executor280/5076

CPU: 1 PID: 5076 Comm: syz-executor280 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc5-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 03/27/2024
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:114
 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline]
 print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:488
 kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601
 f2fs_test_bit fs/f2fs/f2fs.h:2933 [inline]
 current_nat_addr fs/f2fs/node.h:213 [inline]
 f2fs_get_node_info+0xece/0x1200 fs/f2fs/node.c:600
 f2fs_xattr_fiemap fs/f2fs/data.c:1848 [inline]
 f2fs_fiemap+0x55d/0x1ee0 fs/f2fs/data.c:1925
 ioctl_fiemap fs/ioctl.c:220 [inline]
 do_vfs_ioctl+0x1c07/0x2e50 fs/ioctl.c:838
 __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:902 [inline]
 __se_sys_ioctl+0x81/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:890
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x240 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

The root cause is we missed to do sanity check on i_xattr_nid during
f2fs_iget(), so that in fiemap() path, current_nat_addr() will access
nat_bitmap w/ offset from invalid i_xattr_nid, result in triggering
kasan bug report, fix it.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:25:05.609Z
CVE-2024-39468 smb: client: fix deadlock in smb2_find_smb_tcon()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

smb: client: fix deadlock in smb2_find_smb_tcon()

Unlock cifs_tcp_ses_lock before calling cifs_put_smb_ses() to avoid such
deadlock.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:28:54.897Z
CVE-2024-39469 nilfs2: fix nilfs_empty_dir() misjudgment and long loop on I/O errors
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: fix nilfs_empty_dir() misjudgment and long loop on I/O errors

The error handling in nilfs_empty_dir() when a directory folio/page read
fails is incorrect, as in the old ext2 implementation, and if the
folio/page cannot be read or nilfs_check_folio() fails, it will falsely
determine the directory as empty and corrupt the file system.

In addition, since nilfs_empty_dir() does not immediately return on a
failed folio/page read, but continues to loop, this can cause a long loop
with I/O if i_size of the directory's inode is also corrupted, causing the
log writer thread to wait and hang, as reported by syzbot.

Fix these issues by making nilfs_empty_dir() immediately return a false
value (0) if it fails to get a directory folio/page.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:28:55.581Z
CVE-2024-39470 eventfs: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in eventfs_find_events()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

eventfs: Fix a possible null pointer dereference in eventfs_find_events()

In function eventfs_find_events,there is a potential null pointer
that may be caused by calling update_events_attr which will perform
some operations on the members of the ei struct when ei is NULL.

Hence,When ei->is_freed is set,return NULL directly.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:28:56.258Z
CVE-2024-39471 drm/amdgpu: add error handle to avoid out-of-bounds
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/amdgpu: add error handle to avoid out-of-bounds

if the sdma_v4_0_irq_id_to_seq return -EINVAL, the process should
be stop to avoid out-of-bounds read, so directly return -EINVAL.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-06-25T14:28:56.906Z
CVE-2024-39472 xfs: fix log recovery buffer allocation for the legacy h_size fixup
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xfs: fix log recovery buffer allocation for the legacy h_size fixup

Commit a70f9fe52daa ("xfs: detect and handle invalid iclog size set by
mkfs") added a fixup for incorrect h_size values used for the initial
umount record in old xfsprogs versions.  Later commit 0c771b99d6c9
("xfs: clean up calculation of LR header blocks") cleaned up the log
reover buffer calculation, but stoped using the fixed up h_size value
to size the log recovery buffer, which can lead to an out of bounds
access when the incorrect h_size does not come from the old mkfs
tool, but a fuzzer.

Fix this by open coding xlog_logrec_hblks and taking the fixed h_size
into account for this calculation.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:42:03.495Z
CVE-2024-39473 ASoC: SOF: ipc4-topology: Fix input format query of process modules without base extension
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ASoC: SOF: ipc4-topology: Fix input format query of process modules without base extension

If a process module does not have base config extension then the same
format applies to all of it's inputs and the process->base_config_ext is
NULL, causing NULL dereference when specifically crafted topology and
sequences used.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:04.363Z
CVE-2024-39474 mm/vmalloc: fix vmalloc which may return null if called with __GFP_NOFAIL
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/vmalloc: fix vmalloc which may return null if called with __GFP_NOFAIL

commit a421ef303008 ("mm: allow !GFP_KERNEL allocations for kvmalloc")
includes support for __GFP_NOFAIL, but it presents a conflict with commit
dd544141b9eb ("vmalloc: back off when the current task is OOM-killed").  A
possible scenario is as follows:

process-a
__vmalloc_node_range(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL)
    __vmalloc_area_node()
        vm_area_alloc_pages()
		--> oom-killer send SIGKILL to process-a
        if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) break;
--> return NULL;

To fix this, do not check fatal_signal_pending() in vm_area_alloc_pages()
if __GFP_NOFAIL set.

This issue occurred during OPLUS KASAN TEST. Below is part of the log
-> oom-killer sends signal to process
[65731.222840] [ T1308] oom-kill:constraint=CONSTRAINT_NONE,nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0,global_oom,task_memcg=/apps/uid_10198,task=gs.intelligence,pid=32454,uid=10198

[65731.259685] [T32454] Call trace:
[65731.259698] [T32454]  dump_backtrace+0xf4/0x118
[65731.259734] [T32454]  show_stack+0x18/0x24
[65731.259756] [T32454]  dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x7c
[65731.259781] [T32454]  dump_stack+0x18/0x38
[65731.259800] [T32454]  mrdump_common_die+0x250/0x39c [mrdump]
[65731.259936] [T32454]  ipanic_die+0x20/0x34 [mrdump]
[65731.260019] [T32454]  atomic_notifier_call_chain+0xb4/0xfc
[65731.260047] [T32454]  notify_die+0x114/0x198
[65731.260073] [T32454]  die+0xf4/0x5b4
[65731.260098] [T32454]  die_kernel_fault+0x80/0x98
[65731.260124] [T32454]  __do_kernel_fault+0x160/0x2a8
[65731.260146] [T32454]  do_bad_area+0x68/0x148
[65731.260174] [T32454]  do_mem_abort+0x151c/0x1b34
[65731.260204] [T32454]  el1_abort+0x3c/0x5c
[65731.260227] [T32454]  el1h_64_sync_handler+0x54/0x90
[65731.260248] [T32454]  el1h_64_sync+0x68/0x6c

[65731.260269] [T32454]  z_erofs_decompress_queue+0x7f0/0x2258
--> be->decompressed_pages = kvcalloc(be->nr_pages, sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
	kernel panic by NULL pointer dereference.
	erofs assume kvmalloc with __GFP_NOFAIL never return NULL.
[65731.260293] [T32454]  z_erofs_runqueue+0xf30/0x104c
[65731.260314] [T32454]  z_erofs_readahead+0x4f0/0x968
[65731.260339] [T32454]  read_pages+0x170/0xadc
[65731.260364] [T32454]  page_cache_ra_unbounded+0x874/0xf30
[65731.260388] [T32454]  page_cache_ra_order+0x24c/0x714
[65731.260411] [T32454]  filemap_fault+0xbf0/0x1a74
[65731.260437] [T32454]  __do_fault+0xd0/0x33c
[65731.260462] [T32454]  handle_mm_fault+0xf74/0x3fe0
[65731.260486] [T32454]  do_mem_abort+0x54c/0x1b34
[65731.260509] [T32454]  el0_da+0x44/0x94
[65731.260531] [T32454]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x98/0xb4
[65731.260553] [T32454]  el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:05.178Z
CVE-2024-39475 fbdev: savage: Handle err return when savagefb_check_var failed
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fbdev: savage: Handle err return when savagefb_check_var failed

The commit 04e5eac8f3ab("fbdev: savage: Error out if pixclock equals zero")
checks the value of pixclock to avoid divide-by-zero error. However
the function savagefb_probe doesn't handle the error return of
savagefb_check_var. When pixclock is 0, it will cause divide-by-zero error.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:05.886Z
CVE-2024-39476 md/raid5: fix deadlock that raid5d() wait for itself to clear MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

md/raid5: fix deadlock that raid5d() wait for itself to clear MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING

Xiao reported that lvm2 test lvconvert-raid-takeover.sh can hang with
small possibility, the root cause is exactly the same as commit
bed9e27baf52 ("Revert "md/raid5: Wait for MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING in raid5d"")

However, Dan reported another hang after that, and junxiao investigated
the problem and found out that this is caused by plugged bio can't issue
from raid5d().

Current implementation in raid5d() has a weird dependence:

1) md_check_recovery() from raid5d() must hold 'reconfig_mutex' to clear
   MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING;
2) raid5d() handles IO in a deadloop, until all IO are issued;
3) IO from raid5d() must wait for MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING to be cleared;

This behaviour is introduce before v2.6, and for consequence, if other
context hold 'reconfig_mutex', and md_check_recovery() can't update
super_block, then raid5d() will waste one cpu 100% by the deadloop, until
'reconfig_mutex' is released.

Refer to the implementation from raid1 and raid10, fix this problem by
skipping issue IO if MD_SB_CHANGE_PENDING is still set after
md_check_recovery(), daemon thread will be woken up when 'reconfig_mutex'
is released. Meanwhile, the hang problem will be fixed as well.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:06.559Z
CVE-2024-39477 mm/hugetlb: do not call vma_add_reservation upon ENOMEM
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/hugetlb: do not call vma_add_reservation upon ENOMEM

sysbot reported a splat [1] on __unmap_hugepage_range().  This is because
vma_needs_reservation() can return -ENOMEM if
allocate_file_region_entries() fails to allocate the file_region struct
for the reservation.

Check for that and do not call vma_add_reservation() if that is the case,
otherwise region_abort() and region_del() will see that we do not have any
file_regions.

If we detect that vma_needs_reservation() returned -ENOMEM, we clear the
hugetlb_restore_reserve flag as if this reservation was still consumed, so
free_huge_folio() will not increment the resv count.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/0000000000004096100617c58d54@google.com/T/#ma5983bc1ab18a54910da83416b3f89f3c7ee43aa
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:07.268Z
CVE-2024-39478 crypto: starfive - Do not free stack buffer
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

crypto: starfive - Do not free stack buffer

RSA text data uses variable length buffer allocated in software stack.
Calling kfree on it causes undefined behaviour in subsequent operations.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:07.936Z
CVE-2024-39479 drm/i915/hwmon: Get rid of devm
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/i915/hwmon: Get rid of devm

When both hwmon and hwmon drvdata (on which hwmon depends) are device
managed resources, the expectation, on device unbind, is that hwmon will be
released before drvdata. However, in i915 there are two separate code
paths, which both release either drvdata or hwmon and either can be
released before the other. These code paths (for device unbind) are as
follows (see also the bug referenced below):

Call Trace:
release_nodes+0x11/0x70
devres_release_group+0xb2/0x110
component_unbind_all+0x8d/0xa0
component_del+0xa5/0x140
intel_pxp_tee_component_fini+0x29/0x40 [i915]
intel_pxp_fini+0x33/0x80 [i915]
i915_driver_remove+0x4c/0x120 [i915]
i915_pci_remove+0x19/0x30 [i915]
pci_device_remove+0x32/0xa0
device_release_driver_internal+0x19c/0x200
unbind_store+0x9c/0xb0

and

Call Trace:
release_nodes+0x11/0x70
devres_release_all+0x8a/0xc0
device_unbind_cleanup+0x9/0x70
device_release_driver_internal+0x1c1/0x200
unbind_store+0x9c/0xb0

This means that in i915, if use devm, we cannot gurantee that hwmon will
always be released before drvdata. Which means that we have a uaf if hwmon
sysfs is accessed when drvdata has been released but hwmon hasn't.

The only way out of this seems to be do get rid of devm_ and release/free
everything explicitly during device unbind.

v2: Change commit message and other minor code changes
v3: Cleanup from i915_hwmon_register on error (Armin Wolf)
v4: Eliminate potential static analyzer warning (Rodrigo)
    Eliminate fetch_and_zero (Jani)
v5: Restore previous logic for ddat_gt->hwmon_dev error return (Andi)
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:08.597Z
CVE-2024-39480 kdb: Fix buffer overflow during tab-complete
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

kdb: Fix buffer overflow during tab-complete

Currently, when the user attempts symbol completion with the Tab key, kdb
will use strncpy() to insert the completed symbol into the command buffer.
Unfortunately it passes the size of the source buffer rather than the
destination to strncpy() with predictably horrible results. Most obviously
if the command buffer is already full but cp, the cursor position, is in
the middle of the buffer, then we will write past the end of the supplied
buffer.

Fix this by replacing the dubious strncpy() calls with memmove()/memcpy()
calls plus explicit boundary checks to make sure we have enough space
before we start moving characters around.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:09.241Z
CVE-2024-39481 media: mc: Fix graph walk in media_pipeline_start
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: mc: Fix graph walk in media_pipeline_start

The graph walk tries to follow all links, even if they are not between
pads. This causes a crash with, e.g. a MEDIA_LNK_FL_ANCILLARY_LINK link.

Fix this by allowing the walk to proceed only for MEDIA_LNK_FL_DATA_LINK
links.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:09.916Z
CVE-2024-39482 bcache: fix variable length array abuse in btree_iter
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bcache: fix variable length array abuse in btree_iter

btree_iter is used in two ways: either allocated on the stack with a
fixed size MAX_BSETS, or from a mempool with a dynamic size based on the
specific cache set. Previously, the struct had a fixed-length array of
size MAX_BSETS which was indexed out-of-bounds for the dynamically-sized
iterators, which causes UBSAN to complain.

This patch uses the same approach as in bcachefs's sort_iter and splits
the iterator into a btree_iter with a flexible array member and a
btree_iter_stack which embeds a btree_iter as well as a fixed-length
data array.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:10.599Z
CVE-2024-39483 KVM: SVM: WARN on vNMI + NMI window iff NMIs are outright masked
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

KVM: SVM: WARN on vNMI + NMI window iff NMIs are outright masked

When requesting an NMI window, WARN on vNMI support being enabled if and
only if NMIs are actually masked, i.e. if the vCPU is already handling an
NMI.  KVM's ABI for NMIs that arrive simultanesouly (from KVM's point of
view) is to inject one NMI and pend the other.  When using vNMI, KVM pends
the second NMI simply by setting V_NMI_PENDING, and lets the CPU do the
rest (hardware automatically sets V_NMI_BLOCKING when an NMI is injected).

However, if KVM can't immediately inject an NMI, e.g. because the vCPU is
in an STI shadow or is running with GIF=0, then KVM will request an NMI
window and trigger the WARN (but still function correctly).

Whether or not the GIF=0 case makes sense is debatable, as the intent of
KVM's behavior is to provide functionality that is as close to real
hardware as possible.  E.g. if two NMIs are sent in quick succession, the
probability of both NMIs arriving in an STI shadow is infinitesimally low
on real hardware, but significantly larger in a virtual environment, e.g.
if the vCPU is preempted in the STI shadow.  For GIF=0, the argument isn't
as clear cut, because the window where two NMIs can collide is much larger
in bare metal (though still small).

That said, KVM should not have divergent behavior for the GIF=0 case based
on whether or not vNMI support is enabled.  And KVM has allowed
simultaneous NMIs with GIF=0 for over a decade, since commit 7460fb4a3400
("KVM: Fix simultaneous NMIs").  I.e. KVM's GIF=0 handling shouldn't be
modified without a *really* good reason to do so, and if KVM's behavior
were to be modified, it should be done irrespective of vNMI support.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:11.270Z
CVE-2024-39484 mmc: davinci: Don't strip remove function when driver is builtin
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mmc: davinci: Don't strip remove function when driver is builtin

Using __exit for the remove function results in the remove callback being
discarded with CONFIG_MMC_DAVINCI=y. When such a device gets unbound (e.g.
using sysfs or hotplug), the driver is just removed without the cleanup
being performed. This results in resource leaks. Fix it by compiling in the
remove callback unconditionally.

This also fixes a W=1 modpost warning:

WARNING: modpost: drivers/mmc/host/davinci_mmc: section mismatch in
reference: davinci_mmcsd_driver+0x10 (section: .data) ->
davinci_mmcsd_remove (section: .exit.text)
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:11.970Z
CVE-2024-39485 media: v4l: async: Properly re-initialise notifier entry in unregister
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

media: v4l: async: Properly re-initialise notifier entry in unregister

The notifier_entry of a notifier is not re-initialised after unregistering
the notifier. This leads to dangling pointers being left there so use
list_del_init() to return the notifier_entry an empty list.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-05T06:55:12.633Z
CVE-2024-39486 drm/drm_file: Fix pid refcounting race
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/drm_file: Fix pid refcounting race

<maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>, Maxime Ripard
<mripard@kernel.org>, Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>

filp->pid is supposed to be a refcounted pointer; however, before this
patch, drm_file_update_pid() only increments the refcount of a struct
pid after storing a pointer to it in filp->pid and dropping the
dev->filelist_mutex, making the following race possible:

process A               process B
=========               =========
                        begin drm_file_update_pid
                        mutex_lock(&dev->filelist_mutex)
                        rcu_replace_pointer(filp->pid, <pid B>, 1)
                        mutex_unlock(&dev->filelist_mutex)
begin drm_file_update_pid
mutex_lock(&dev->filelist_mutex)
rcu_replace_pointer(filp->pid, <pid A>, 1)
mutex_unlock(&dev->filelist_mutex)
get_pid(<pid A>)
synchronize_rcu()
put_pid(<pid B>)   *** pid B reaches refcount 0 and is freed here ***
                        get_pid(<pid B>)   *** UAF ***
                        synchronize_rcu()
                        put_pid(<pid A>)

As far as I know, this race can only occur with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y
because it requires RCU to detect a quiescent state in code that is not
explicitly calling into the scheduler.

This race leads to use-after-free of a "struct pid".
It is probably somewhat hard to hit because process A has to pass
through a synchronize_rcu() operation while process B is between
mutex_unlock() and get_pid().

Fix it by ensuring that by the time a pointer to the current task's pid
is stored in the file, an extra reference to the pid has been taken.

This fix also removes the condition for synchronize_rcu(); I think
that optimization is unnecessary complexity, since in that case we
would usually have bailed out on the lockless check above.
Affected products: vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: unaffected
vendor: Linux
product: Linux
default_status: affected
Published: 2024-07-06T09:25:21.514Z