rainbutterfly/cve_corpus huggingface dataset:
CVE-2024-43652 Authenticated command injection in the <redacted> action leads to full remote code execution as root on the charging station
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root
This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701

Likelihood: Moderate – The <redacted> binary does not seem to be used by the web interface, so it might be more difficult to find. It seems to be largely the same binary as used by the Iocharger Pedestal charging station, however. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete
files and services.
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-250
description: CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC chargers
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:46.379Z
CVE-2024-43653 Authenticated command injection in the <redacted> action leads to full remote code execution as root on the charging station
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability  allows OS Command Injection as root
This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701.

Likelihood: Moderate – The <redacted> binary does not seem to be used by the web interface, so it might be more difficult to find. It seems to be largely the same binary as used by the Iocharger Pedestal charging station, however. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete
files and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-250
description: CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:46.647Z
CVE-2024-43654 Authenticated command injection in the <redacted> action leads to full remote code execution as root on the charging station
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Iocharger  firmware for AC models allows OS Command Injection as root
This issue affects all Iocharger AC EV charger models on a firmware version before 25010801.

Likelihood: Moderate – The <redacted> binary does not seem to be used by the web interface, so it might be more difficult to find. It seems to be largely the same binary as used by the Iocharger Pedestal charging station, however. The attacker will also need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted> binary, or convince a user with such access to execute a crafted HTTP request.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and delete
files and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-250
description: CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:47.131Z
CVE-2024-43655 Any authenticated users can execute OS commands as root using the <redacted>.sh CGI script.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701.

Likelihood: Moderate – The attacker will first need to find the name of the script, and needs a (low privilege) account to gain access to the script, or convince a user with such access to execute a request to it.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and deletefiles and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-250
description: CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:45.279Z
CVE-2024-43656 A backup can be manipulated and then restored to create arbitrary files inside the <redacted> directory. A CGI script can be added to the web directory this way, allowing for full remote code execution.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701.

Likelihood: Moderate – It might be difficult for an attacker to identify the file structure of the <redated> directory, and then modify the backup to add a new CGI script in the correct directory. Furthermore, the attacker will need an account to restore the settings backup, or convince a user with such access to upload a modified backup file.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and deletefiles and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-434
description: CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:45.743Z
CVE-2024-43657 When uploading new firmware, a shell script inside a firmware file is executed during its processing. This can be used to craft a custom firmware file with a custom script with arbitrary code, which will then be executed on the charging station.
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability allows OS Command Injection as root

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers before version 24120701.

Likelihood: High. However, the attacker will need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the action.exe CGI binary and upload the crafted firmware file, or convince a user with such access to upload it.

Impact: Critical – The attacker has full control over the charging station as the root user, and can arbitrarily add, modify and deletefiles and services.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a full compromised (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), and compromised devices can be used to pivot into networks that should potentially not be accessible (SC:L/SI:L/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-78
description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
cwe_id: CWE-434
description: CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
description: OWASP-A03: Injection
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:46.268Z
CVE-2024-43658 Using the <redacted> action or <redacted>.sh script, arbitrary files and directories can be deleted using directory traversal.
Patch traversal, External Control of File Name or Path vulnerability in  Iocharger Home allows deletion of arbitrary files
This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model before firmware version 25010801.

Likelihood: High, but requires authentication

Impact: Critical – The vulnerability can be used to delete any file on the charging station, severely impacting the integrity of the charging station. Furthermore, the vulnerability could be used to delete binaries required for the functioning of the charging station, severely impacting the availability of the charging station.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, but the level of authentication does not matter (PR:L), nor is any user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads compromised of the integrity and availability of the device (VVC:N/VI:H/VA:H), with no effect on subsequent systems (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). We do not forsee a safety impact (S:N). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-27
description: CWE-27 Patch traversal
cwe_id: CWE-73
description: CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:47.273Z
CVE-2024-43659 Plaintext default credentials in firmware
After gaining access to the firmware of a charging station, a file at <redacted> can be accessed to obtain default credentials that are the same across all Iocharger AC model EV chargers.

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before firmware version 25010801. 

The issue is addressed by requiring a mandatory password change on first login, it is still recommended to change the password on older models.

Likelihood: Moderate – The attacker will first have to abuse a code execution or file inclusion vulnerability (for example by using <redacted>.sh) to gain access to the <redacted>.json file, or obtain a firmware dump of the charging station or obtain the firmware via other channels.

Impact: Critical – All chargers using Iocharger firmware for AC models started with the same initial password. For models with firmware version before 25010801 a password change was not mandatory. It is therefore very likely that this firmware password is still active on many chargers. These credentials could, once obtained, allow an attacker to log into many Iocharger charging station, and allow them to execute arbitrary commands via the System → Custom page.

CVSS clarification: Any network interface serving the web ui is vulnerable (AV:N) and there are not additional security measures to circumvent (AC:L), nor does the attack require and existing preconditions (AT:N). The attack is authenticated, and requires high privileges (PR:H), there is no user interaction required (UI:N). The attack leads to a compromised of the confidentialy of the "super user" credentials of the device (VC:H/VI:N/VA:N), and can subsequently be used to full compromise and other devices (SC:H/SI:H/SA:H). Becuase this is an EV charger handing significant power, there is a potential safety impact (S:P). This attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-256
description: CWE-256 Plaintext Storage of a Password
cwe_id: CWE-1391
description: CWE-1391 Use of Weak Credentials
cwe_id: CWE-1393
description: CWE-1393 Use of Default Password
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:45.847Z
CVE-2024-43660 Arbitrary file download using <redacted>.sh
The CGI script <redacted>.sh can be used to download any file on the filesystem.

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers beforeversion 24120701.

Likelihood: High, but credentials required.

Impact: Critical – The script can be used to download any file on the filesystem, including sensitive files such as /etc/shadow, the CGI script source code or binaries and configuration files.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:P/AU:Y
CVSS clarification. The attack can be executed over any network connection the station is listening to and serves the web interface (AV:N), and there are no additional security measure sin place that need to be circumvented (AC:L), the attack does not rely on preconditions (AT:N). The attack does require authentication, but the level of authentication is irrelevant (PR:L), it does not require user interaction (UI:N). The confidentiality of all files of the devicd can be compromised (VC:H/VI:N/VA:N).  There is no impact on subsequent systems. (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). While this device is an EV charger handing significant amounts of power, this attack in isolation does not have a safety impact. The attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-552
description: CWE-552 Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:46.841Z
CVE-2024-43661 Buffer overflow in <redacted>.so leads to DoS of OCPP service
The <redacted>.so library, which is used by <redacted>, is
vulnerable to a buffer overflow in the code that handles the deletion
of certificates. This buffer overflow can be triggered by providing a
long file path to the <redacted> action of the <redacted>.exe CGI binary or
to the <redacted>.sh CGI script. This binary or script will write this
file path to <redacted>, which is then
read by <redacted>.so


This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701.

Likelihood: Moderate – An attacker will have to find this exploit by
either obtaining the binaries involved in this vulnerability, or by trial
and error. Furthermore, the attacker will need a (low privilege)
account to gain access to the <redacted>.exe CGI binary or <redacted>.sh
script to trigger the vulnerability, or convince a user with such access
send an HTTP request that triggers it.


Impact: High – The <redacted> process, which we assume is
responsible for OCPP communication, will keep crashing after
performing the exploit. This happens because the buffer overflow
causes the process to segfault before
<redacted> is removed. This means that,
even though <redacted> is automatically restarted, it will crash
again as soon as it tries to parse the text file.

CVSS clarification. The attack can be executed over any network connection the station is listening to and serves the web interface (AV:N), and there are no additional security measure sin place that need to be circumvented (AC:L), the attack does not rely on preconditions (AT:N). The attack does require authentication, but the level of authentication is irrelevant (PR:L), it does not require user interaction (UI:N). The attack leads to reducred availability of the device (VC:N/VI:N/VA:H). THere is not impact on subsequent systems. (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). Alltough this device is an EV charger handing significant amounts of power, we do not forsee a safety impact. The attack can be automated (AU:Y). Because the DoS condition is written to disk persistantly, it cannot be recovered by the user (R:I).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-121
description: CWE-121 Exploit Non-Production Interfaces
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:46.514Z
CVE-2024-43662 Authenticated arbitrary file upload to /tmp/ and /tmp/upload/
The <redacted>.exe or <redacted>.exe CGI binary can be used to upload arbitrary files to /tmp/upload/ or /tmp/ respectively as any user, although the user interface for uploading files is only shown to the iocadmin user.

This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC models before version 24120701.

Likelihood: Moderate – An attacker will need to have knowledge of this CGI binary, e.g. by finding it in firmware. Furthermore, the attacker will need a (low privilege) account to gain access to the <redacted>.exe or <redacted>.exe CGI binary and upload the file, or convince a user with such access to upload it.

Impact: Low – The attacker can upload arbitrary files to /tmp/upload/ or /tmp/. However, the attacker is unable to access or use these files without other vulnerabilities.

CVSS clarification. The attack can be executed over any network connection the station is listening to and serves the web interface (AV:N), and there are no additional security measure sin place that need to be circumvented (AC:L), the attack does not rely on preconditions (AT:N). The attack does require authentication, but the level of authentication is irrelevant (PR:L), it does not require user interaction (UI:N). Artitrary files can be uploaded, be these files will not be in a location where they can influence confidentiality or availability and have a minimal impact on device integrity (VC:N/VI:L/VA:N).  There is no impact on subsequent systems. (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). While this device is an EV charger handing significant amounts of power, we do not expect this vulnerability to have a safety impact. The attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-434
description: CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
cwe_id: CWE-862
description: CWE-862 Missing Authorization
description: OWASP-A01
description: OWASP-A03
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:45.624Z
CVE-2024-43663 Buffer overflow vulnerabilities in CGI scripts lead to segfault
There are many buffer overflow vulnerabilities present in several CGI binaries of the charging station.This issue affects Iocharger firmware for AC model chargers beforeversion 24120701.

Likelihood: High – Given the prevalence of these buffer overflows, and the clear error message of the web server, an attacker is very likely to be able to find these vulnerabilities.

Impact: Low – Usually, overflowing one of these buffers just causes a segmentation fault of the CGI binary, which causes the web server to return a 502 Bad Gateway error. However the webserver itself is not affected, and no DoS can be achieved. Abusing these buffer overflows in a meaningful way requires highly technical knowledge, especially since ASLR also seems to be enabled on the charging station. However, a skilled attacker might be able to use one of these buffer overflows to obtain remote code execution.

CVSS clarification. The attack can be executed over any network connection the station is listening to and serves the web interface (AV:N), and there are no additional security measure sin place that need to be circumvented (AC:L), the attack does not rely on preconditions (AT:N). The attack does require authentication, but the level of authentication is irrelevant (PR:L), it does not require user interaction (UI:N). The attack has a small impact on the availability of the device (VC:N/VI:N/VA:L).  There is no impact on subsequent systems. (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N). While this device is an EV charger handing significant amounts of power, we do not expect  this vulnerability to have a safety impact. The attack can be automated (AU:Y).
Problem types: cwe_id: CWE-121
description: CWE-121 Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Affected products: vendor: Iocharger
product: Iocharger firmware for AC models
default_status: unaffected
Credits: lang: en
value: Wilco van Beijnum
lang: en
value: Harm van den Brink (DIVD)
lang: en
value: Frank Breedijk (DIVD)
Published: 2025-01-09T07:56:45.961Z