rainbutterfly/cve_corpus huggingface dataset:
CVE-1999-1465 
Vulnerability in Cisco IOS 11.1 through 11.3 with distributed fast switching (DFS) enabled allows remote attackers to bypass certain access control lists when the router switches traffic from a DFS-enabled input interface to an output interface with a logical subinterface, as described by Cisco bug CSCdk43862.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1466 
Vulnerability in Cisco routers versions 8.2 through 9.1 allows remote attackers to bypass access control lists when extended IP access lists are used on certain interfaces, the IP route cache is enabled, and the access list uses the "established" keyword.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1467 
Vulnerability in rcp on SunOS 4.0.x allows remote attackers from trusted hosts to execute arbitrary commands as root, possibly related to the configuration of the nobody user.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1468 
rdist in various UNIX systems uses popen to execute sendmail, which allows local users to gain root privileges by modifying the IFS (Internal Field Separator) variable.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2003-04-02T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1469 
Buffer overflow in w3-auth CGI program in miniSQL package allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via an HTTP request with (1) a long URL, or (2) a long User-Agent MIME header.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1470 
Eastman Work Management 3.21 stores passwords in cleartext in the COMMON and LOCATOR registry keys, which could allow local users to gain privileges.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1471 
Buffer overflow in passwd in BSD based operating systems 4.3 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by specifying a long shell or GECOS field.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1472 
Internet Explorer 4.0 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary text and HTML files on the user's machine via a small IFRAME that uses Dynamic HTML (DHTML) to send the data to the attacker, aka the Freiburg text-viewing issue.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1473 
When a Web site redirects the browser to another site, Internet Explorer 3.02 and 4.0 automatically resends authentication information to the second site, aka the "Page Redirect Issue."
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1474 
PowerPoint 95 and 97 allows remote attackers to cause an application to be run automatically without prompting the user, possibly through the slide show, when the document is opened in browsers such as Internet Explorer.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1475 
ProFTPd 1.2 compiled with the mod_sqlpw module records user passwords in the wtmp log file, which allows local users to obtain the passwords and gain privileges by reading wtmp, e.g. via the last command.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1476 
A bug in Intel Pentium processor (MMX and Overdrive) allows local users to cause a denial of service (hang) in Intel-based operating systems such as Windows NT and Windows 95, via an invalid instruction, aka the "Invalid Operand with Locked CMPXCHG8B Instruction" problem.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1477 
Buffer overflow in GNOME libraries 1.0.8 allows local user to gain root access via a long --espeaker argument in programs such as nethack.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1478 
The Sun HotSpot Performance Engine VM allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service on any server running HotSpot via a URL that includes the [ character.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1479 
The textcounter.pl by Matt Wright allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1480 
(1) acledit and (2) aclput in AIX 4.3 allow local users to create or modify files via a symlink attack.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1481 
Squid 2.2.STABLE5 and below, when using external authentication, allows attackers to bypass access controls via a newline in the user/password pair.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1482 
SVGAlib zgv 3.0-7 and earlier allows local users to gain root access via a privilege leak of the iopl(3) privileges to child processes.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1483 
Buffer overflow in zgv in svgalib 1.2.10 and earlier allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a long HOME environment variable.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1484 
Buffer overflow in MSN Setup BBS 4.71.0.10 ActiveX control (setupbbs.ocx) allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands via the methods (1) vAddNewsServer or (2) bIsNewsServerConfigured.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1485 
nsd in IRIX 6.5 through 6.5.2 exports a virtual filesystem on a UDP port, which allows remote attackers to view files and cause a possible denial of service by mounting the nsd virtual file system.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1486 
sadc in IBM AIX 4.1 through 4.3, when called from programs such as timex that are setgid adm, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2004-09-01T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1487 
Vulnerability in digest in AIX 4.3 allows printq users to gain root privileges by creating and/or modifing any file on the system.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1488 
sdrd daemon in IBM SP2 System Data Repository (SDR) allows remote attackers to read files without authentication.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1489 
Buffer overflow in TestChip function in XFree86 SuperProbe in Slackware Linux 3.1 allows local users to gain root privileges via a long -nopr argument.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1490 
xosview 1.5.1 in Red Hat 5.1 allows local users to gain root access via a long HOME environmental variable.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2003-04-02T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1491 
abuse.console in Red Hat 2.1 uses relative pathnames to find and execute the undrv program, which allows local users to execute arbitrary commands via a path that points to a Trojan horse program.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1492 
Vulnerability in (1) diskperf and (2) diskalign in IRIX 6.4 allows local attacker to create arbitrary root owned files, leading to root privileges.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1493 
Vulnerability in crp in Hewlett Packard Apollo Domain OS SR10 through SR10.3 allows remote attackers to gain root privileges via insecure system calls, (1) pad_$dm_cmd and (2) pad_$def_pfk().
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1494 
colorview in Silicon Graphics IRIX 5.1, 5.2, and 6.0 allows local attackers to read arbitrary files via the -text argument.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1495 
xtvscreen in SuSE Linux 6.0 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the pic000.pnm file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1496 
Sudo 1.5 in Debian Linux 2.1 and Red Hat 6.0 allows local users to determine the existence of arbitrary files by attempting to execute the target filename as a program, which generates a different error message when the file does not exist.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1497 
Ipswitch IMail 5.0 and 6.0 uses weak encryption to store passwords in registry keys, which allows local attackers to read passwords for e-mail accounts.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1498 
Slackware Linux 3.4 pkgtool allows local attacker to read and write to arbitrary files via a symlink attack on the reply file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1499 
named in ISC BIND 4.9 and 8.1 allows local users to destroy files via a symlink attack on (1) named_dump.db when root kills the process with a SIGINT, or (2) named.stats when SIGIOT is used.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1500 
Internet Anywhere POP3 Mail Server 2.3.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via (1) LIST, (2) TOP, or (3) UIDL commands using letters as arguments.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1501 
(1) ipxchk and (2) ipxlink in SGI OS2 IRIX 6.3 does not properly clear the IFS environmental variable before executing system calls, which allows local users to execute arbitrary commands.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1502 
Buffer overflows in Quake 1.9 client allows remote malicious servers to execute arbitrary commands via long (1) precache paths, (2) server name, (3) server address, or (4) argument to the map console command.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1503 
Network Flight Recorder (NFR) 1.5 and 1.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service in nfrd (crash) via a TCP packet with a null header and data field.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1504 
Stalker Internet Mail Server 1.6 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (crash) via a long HELO command.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1505 
Buffer overflow in QuakeWorld 2.10 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary commands via a long initial connect packet.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1506 
Vulnerability in SMI Sendmail 4.0 and earlier, on SunOS up to 4.0.3, allows remote attackers to access user bin.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1507 
Sun SunOS 4.1 through 4.1.3 allows local attackers to gain root access via insecure permissions on files and directories such as crash.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1508 
Web server in Tektronix PhaserLink Printer 840.0 and earlier allows a remote attacker to gain administrator access by directly calling undocumented URLs such as ncl_items.html and ncl_subjects.html.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1509 
Directory traversal vulnerability in Etype Eserv 2.50 web server allows a remote attacker to read any file in the file system via a .. (dot dot) in a URL.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1510 
Buffer overflows in Bisonware FTP server prior to 4.1 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service, and possibly execute arbitrary commands, via long (1) USER, (2) LIST, or (3) CWD commands.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1511 
Buffer overflows in Xtramail 1.11 allow attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary commands via (1) a long PASS command in the POP3 service, (2) a long HELO command in the SMTP service, or (3) a long user name in the Control Service.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1512 
The AMaViS virus scanner 0.2.0-pre4 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root via an infected mail message with shell metacharacters in the reply-to field.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1513 
Management information base (MIB) for a 3Com SuperStack II hub running software version 2.10 contains an object identifier (.1.3.6.1.4.1.43.10.4.2) that is accessible by a read-only community string, but lists the entire table of community strings, which could allow attackers to conduct unauthorized activities.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1514 
Buffer overflow in Celtech ExpressFS FTP server 2.x allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, and possibly execute arbitrary commands, via a long USER command.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1515 
A non-default configuration in TenFour TFS Gateway 4.0 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via messages with incorrect sender and recipient addresses, which causes the gateway to continuously try to return the message every 10 seconds.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1516 
A buffer overflow in TenFour TFS Gateway SMTP mail server 3.2 allows an attacker to crash the mail server and possibly execute arbitrary code by offering more than 128 bytes in a MAIL FROM string.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1517 
runtar in the Amanda backup system used in various UNIX operating systems executes tar with root privileges, which allows a user to overwrite or read arbitrary files by providing the target files to runtar.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1518 
Operating systems with shared memory implementations based on BSD 4.4 code allow a user to conduct a denial of service and bypass memory limits (e.g., as specified with rlimits) using mmap or shmget to allocate memory and cause page faults.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1519 
Gene6 G6 FTP Server 2.0 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via a long (1) user name or (2) password.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1520 
A configuration problem in the Ad Server Sample directory (AdSamples) in Microsoft Site Server 3.0 allows an attacker to obtain the SITE.CSC file, which exposes sensitive SQL database information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2004-09-01T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1521 
Computalynx CMail 2.4 and CMail 2.3 SP2 SMTP servers are vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack in the MAIL FROM command that may allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1522 
Vulnerability in htmlparse.pike in Roxen Web Server 1.3.11 and earlier, possibly related to recursive parsing and referer tags in RXML.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1523 
Buffer overflow in Sambar Web Server 4.2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, and possibly execute arbitrary commands, via a long HTTP GET request.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1524 
FlowPoint DSL router firmware versions prior to 3.0.8 allows a remote attacker to exploit a password recovery feature from the network and conduct brute force password guessing, instead of limiting the feature to the serial console port.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1525 
Macromedia Shockwave before 6.0 allows a malicious webmaster to read a user's mail box and possibly access internal web servers via the GetNextText command on a Shockwave movie.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1526 
Auto-update feature of Macromedia Shockwave 7 transmits a user's password and hard disk information back to Macromedia.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1527 
Internal HTTP server in Sun Netbeans Java IDE in Netbeans Developer 3.0 Beta and Forte Community Edition 1.0 Beta does not properly restrict access to IP addresses as specified in its configuration, which allows arbitrary remote attackers to access the server.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1528 
ProSoft Netware Client 5.12 on Macintosh MacOS 9 does not automatically log a user out of the NDS tree when the user logs off the system, which allows other users of the same system access to the unprotected NDS session.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1529 
A buffer overflow exists in the HELO command in Trend Micro Interscan VirusWall SMTP gateway 3.23/3.3 for NT, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1530 
cgiwrap as used on Cobalt RaQ 2.0 and RaQ 3i does not properly identify the user for running certain scripts, which allows a malicious site administrator to view or modify data located at another virtual site on the same system.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1531 
Buffer overflow in IBM HomePagePrint 1.0.7 for Windows98J allows a malicious Web site to execute arbitrary code on a viewer's system via a long IMG_SRC HTML tag.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1532 
Netscape Messaging Server 3.54, 3.55, and 3.6 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (memory exhaustion) via a series of long RCPT TO commands.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1533 
Eicon Technology Diva LAN ISDN modem allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (hang) via a long password argument to the login.htm file in its HTTP service.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1534 
Buffer overflow in (1) nlservd and (2) rnavc in Knox Software Arkeia backup product allows local users to obtain root access via a long HOME environmental variable.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1535 
Buffer overflow in AspUpload.dll in Persits Software AspUpload before 1.4.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, and possibly execute arbitrary commands, via a long argument in the HTTP request.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1536 
.sbstart startup script in AcuShop Salesbuilder is world writable, which allows local users to gain privileges by appending commands to the file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1537 
IIS 3.x and 4.x does not distinguish between pages requiring encryption and those that do not, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource exhaustion) via SSL requests to the HTTPS port for normally unencrypted files, which will cause IIS to perform extra work to send the files over SSL.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2004-09-01T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1538 
When IIS 2 or 3 is upgraded to IIS 4, ism.dll is inadvertently left in /scripts/iisadmin, which does not restrict access to the local machine and allows an unauthorized user to gain access to sensitive server information, including the Administrator's password.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1539 
Buffer overflow in FTP server in QPC Software's QVT/Term Plus versions 4.2d and 4.3 and QVT/Net 4.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service, and possibly execute arbitrary commands, via a long (1) user name or (2) password.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1540 
shell-lock in Cactus Software Shell Lock uses weak encryption (trivial encoding) which allows attackers to easily decrypt and obtain the source code.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1541 
shell-lock in Cactus Software Shell Lock allows local users to read or modify decoded shell files before they are executed, via a symlink attack on a temporary file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1542 
RPMMail before 1.4 allows remote attackers to execute commands via an e-mail message with shell metacharacters in the "MAIL FROM" command.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2002-03-09T05:00:00.000Z
CVE-1999-1543 
MacOS uses weak encryption for passwords that are stored in the Users & Groups Data File.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2001-09-12T04:00:00.000Z