rainbutterfly/cve_corpus huggingface dataset:
CVE-2009-1252 
Stack-based buffer overflow in the crypto_recv function in ntp_crypto.c in ntpd in NTP before 4.2.4p7 and 4.2.5 before 4.2.5p74, when OpenSSL and autokey are enabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet containing an extension field.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-05-19T19:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1253 
James Stone Tunapie 2.1 allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on an unspecified temporary file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T00:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1254 
James Stone Tunapie 2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a stream URL.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T00:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1255 
The process_stat function in (1) Memcached before 1.2.8 and (2) MemcacheDB 1.2.0 discloses (a) the contents of /proc/self/maps in response to a stats maps command and (b) memory-allocation statistics in response to a stats malloc command, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information such as the locations of memory regions, and defeat ASLR protection, by sending a command to the daemon's TCP port.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-30T20:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1256 
SQL injection vulnerability in FlexCMS 2.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the ItemId parameter.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1257 
Heap-based buffer overflow in Magic ISO Maker 5.5 build 0274 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted CCD file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1258 
SQL injection vulnerability in the RD-Autos (com_rdautos) component 1.5.7 for Joomla! allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the makeid parameter in index.php.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1259 
SQL injection vulnerability in inc/bb/topic.php in Insane Visions AdaptBB 1.0, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the topic_id parameter in a topic action to index.php.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1260 
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in UltraISO 9.3.3.2685 and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) CCD or (2) IMG file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1261 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Web Help Desk 9.1.22 (evaluation version) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) Report Name, (2) Asset No., and (3) Full Name fields in a Models action.  NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1262 
Format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClient 3.0.614, and possibly earlier, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in the VPN connection name.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1263 
SQL injection vulnerability in sub_commententry.php in the BookJoomlas (com_bookjoomlas) component 0.1 for Joomla! allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the gbid parameter in a comment action to index.php.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1264 
Frontend User Registration (sr_feuser_register) extension 2.5.20 and earlier for TYPO3 does not properly verify access rights, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain sensitive information such as passwords via unknown attack vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-07T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1265 
Integer overflow in rose_sendmsg (sys/net/af_rose.c) in the Linux kernel 2.6.24.4, and other versions before 2.6.30-rc1, might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a large length value, which causes "garbage" memory to be sent.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T01:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1266 
Unspecified vulnerability in Wireshark before 1.0.7 has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-21T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1267 
Unspecified vulnerability in the LDAP dissector in Wireshark 0.99.2 through 1.0.6, when running on Windows, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via unknown attack vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1268 
The Check Point High-Availability Protocol (CPHAP) dissector in Wireshark 0.9.6 through 1.0.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted FWHA_MY_STATE packet.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1269 
Unspecified vulnerability in Wireshark 0.99.6 through 1.0.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted Tektronix .rf5 file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1270 
libclamav/untar.c in ClamAV before 0.95 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted TAR file that causes (1) clamd and (2) clamscan to hang.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1271 
The JSON_parser function (ext/json/JSON_parser.c) in PHP 5.2.x before 5.2.9 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via a malformed string to the json_decode API function.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1272 
The php_zip_make_relative_path function in php_zip.c in PHP 5.2.x before 5.2.9 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a ZIP file that contains filenames with relative paths, which is not properly handled during extraction.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1273 
pam_ssh 1.92 and possibly other versions, as used when PAM is compiled with USE=ssh, generates different error messages depending on whether the username is valid or invalid, which makes it easier for remote attackers to enumerate usernames.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1274 
Integer overflow in the qt_error parse_trak_atom function in demuxers/demux_qt.c in xine-lib 1.1.16.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a Quicktime movie file with a large count value in an STTS atom, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-08T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1275 
Apache Tiles 2.1 before 2.1.2, as used in Apache Struts and other products, evaluates Expression Language (EL) expressions twice in certain circumstances, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks or obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, related to the (1) tiles:putAttribute and (2) tiles:insertTemplate JSP tags.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1276 
XScreenSaver in Sun Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris before snv_109, and Solaris 8 and 9 with GNOME 2.0 or 2.0.2, allows physically proximate attackers to obtain sensitive information by reading popup windows, which are displayed even when the screen is locked, as demonstrated by Thunderbird new-mail notifications.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1277 
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in Gravity Board X (GBX) 2.0 BETA allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the member_id parameter in a viewprofile action.  NOTE: the board_id issue is already covered by CVE-2008-2996.2.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1278 
Static code injection vulnerability in forms/ajax/configure.php in Gravity Board X (GBX) 2.0 BETA allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into config.php via the configure action to index.php.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1279 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Joomla! 1.5 through 1.5.9 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors to the (1) com_admin component, (2) com_search component when "Gather Search Statistics" is enabled, and (3) the category view in the com_content component.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1280 
Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the com_media component for Joomla! 1.5.x through 1.5.9 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1281 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in glFusion before 1.1.3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1282 
SQL injection vulnerability in private/system/lib-session.php in glFusion 1.1.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the glf_session cookie parameter.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1283 
glFusion before 1.1.3 performs authentication with a user-provided password hash instead of a password, which allows remote attackers to gain privileges by obtaining the hash and using it in the glf_password cookie, aka "User Masquerading." NOTE: this can be leveraged with a separate SQL injection vulnerability to steal hashes.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1284 
Buffer overflow in BibTeX 0.99 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and crash) via a long .bib bibliography file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-09T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1285 
Static code injection vulnerability in the getConfigFile function in setup/lib/ConfigFile.class.php in phpMyAdmin 3.x before 3.1.3.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code into configuration files.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-16T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1286 
The IMAP task in the server in IBM Lotus Domino 8.0.2 before FP1 IF1 and 8.5 before IF3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a MIME e-mail message with RFC822 attachments (aka blobs) containing malformed root entities.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1287 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Cisco Subscriber Edge Services Manager (SESM) allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the URI.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1288 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the Advanced Management Module (AMM) on the IBM BladeCenter, including the BladeCenter H with BPET36H 54, allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the username in a login action or (2) the PATH parameter to private/file_management.ssi in the File manager.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1289 
private/login.ssi in the Advanced Management Module (AMM) on the IBM BladeCenter, including the BladeCenter H with BPET36H 54, allows remote attackers to discover the access roles and scopes of arbitrary user accounts via a modified WEBINDEX parameter.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1290 
Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the web administration interface in the Advanced Management Module (AMM) on the IBM BladeCenter, including the BladeCenter H with BPET36H 54, allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators, as demonstrated by a power-off request to the private/blade_power_action script.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-13T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1291 
Stack-based buffer overflow in TIBCO SmartSockets before 6.8.2, SmartSockets Product Family (aka RTworks) before 4.0.5, and Enterprise Message Service (EMS) 4.0.0 through 5.1.1, as used in SmartSockets Server and RTworks Server (aka RTserver), SmartSockets client libraries and add-on products, RTworks libraries and components, EMS Server (aka tibemsd), SmartMQ, iProcess Engine, ActiveMatrix products, and CA Enterprise Communicator, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via "inbound data," as demonstrated by requests to the UDP interface of the RTserver component, and data injection into the TCP stream to tibemsd.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-30T20:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1292 
UCM-CQ in IBM Rational ClearCase 7.0.0.x before 7.0.0.5, 7.0.1.x before 7.0.1.4, and 7.1.x before 7.1.0.1 on Linux and AIX places a username and password on the command line, which allows local users to obtain credentials by listing the process.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-14T16:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1293 
The web login functionality (c/portal/login) in Novell Teaming 1.0 through SP3 (1.0.3) generates different error messages depending on whether the username is valid or invalid, which makes it easier for remote attackers to enumerate usernames.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-16T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1294 
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in web/guest/home in the Liferay 4.3.0 portal in Novell Teaming 1.0 through SP3 (1.0.3) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) p_p_state or (2) p_p_mode parameters.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-16T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1295 
Apport before 0.108.4 on Ubuntu 8.04 LTS, before 0.119.2 on Ubuntu 8.10, and before 1.0-0ubuntu5.2 on Ubuntu 9.04 does not properly remove files from the application's crash-report directory, which allows local users to delete arbitrary files via unspecified vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-30T20:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1296 
The eCryptfs support utilities (ecryptfs-utils) 73-0ubuntu6.1 on Ubuntu 9.04 stores the mount passphrase in installation logs, which might allow local users to obtain access to the filesystem by reading the log files from disk.  NOTE: the log files are only readable by root.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-06-09T20:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1297 
iscsi_discovery in open-iscsi in SUSE openSUSE 10.3 through 11.1 and SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) 10 SP2 and 11, and other operating systems, allows local users to overwrite arbitrary files via a symlink attack on an unspecified temporary file that has a predictable name.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-10-23T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1298 
The ip_frag_reasm function in net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.32-rc8, and 2.6.29 and later versions before 2.6.32, calls IP_INC_STATS_BH with an incorrect argument, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and hang) via long IP packets, possibly related to the ip_defrag function.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-12-08T23:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1299 
The pa_make_secure_dir function in core-util.c in PulseAudio 0.9.10 and 0.9.19 allows local users to change the ownership and permissions of arbitrary files via a symlink attack on a /tmp/.esd-##### temporary file.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2010-03-18T17:12:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1300 
apt 0.7.20 does not check when the date command returns an "invalid date" error, which can prevent apt from loading security updates in time zones for which DST occurs at midnight.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-16T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1301 
Integer signedness error in the store_id3_text function in the ID3v2 code in mpg123 before 1.7.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an ID3 tag with a negative encoding value.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-16T15:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1302 
The browser engine in Mozilla Firefox 3.x before 3.0.9, Thunderbird before 2.0.0.22, and SeaMonkey before 1.1.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly trigger memory corruption via vectors related to (1) nsAsyncInstantiateEvent::Run, (2) nsStyleContext::Destroy, (3) nsComputedDOMStyle::GetWidth, (4) the xslt_attributeset_ImportSameName.html test case for the XSLT stylesheet compiler, (5) nsXULDocument::SynchronizeBroadcastListener, (6) IsBindingAncestor, (7) PL_DHashTableOperate and nsEditor::EndUpdateViewBatch, and (8) gfxSkipCharsIterator::SetOffsets, and other vectors.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1303 
The browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird before 2.0.0.22, and SeaMonkey before 1.1.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly trigger memory corruption via vectors related to nsSVGElement::BindToTree.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1304 
The JavaScript engine in Mozilla Firefox 3.x before 3.0.9, Thunderbird before 2.0.0.22, and SeaMonkey before 1.1.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly trigger memory corruption via vectors involving (1) js_FindPropertyHelper, related to the definitions of Math and Date; and (2) js_CheckRedeclaration.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1305 
The JavaScript engine in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird before 2.0.0.22, and SeaMonkey before 1.1.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly trigger memory corruption via vectors involving JSOP_DEFVAR and properties that lack the JSPROP_PERMANENT attribute.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1306 
The jar: URI implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey does not follow the Content-Disposition header of the inner URI, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and possibly other attacks via an uploaded .jar file with a "Content-Disposition: attachment" designation.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1307 
The view-source: URI implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey does not properly implement the Same Origin Policy, which allows remote attackers to (1) bypass crossdomain.xml restrictions and connect to arbitrary web sites via a Flash file; (2) read, create, or modify Local Shared Objects via a Flash file; or (3) bypass unspecified restrictions and render content via vectors involving a jar: URI.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1308 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving XBL JavaScript bindings and remote stylesheets, as exploited in the wild by a March 2009 eBay listing.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1309 
Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9, Thunderbird, and SeaMonkey do not properly implement the Same Origin Policy for (1) XMLHttpRequest, involving a mismatch for a document's principal, and (2) XPCNativeWrapper.toString, involving an incorrect __proto__ scope, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks and possibly other attacks via a crafted document.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1310 
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the MozSearch plugin implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9 allows user-assisted remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a javascript: URI in the SearchForm element.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1311 
Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9 and SeaMonkey before 1.1.17 allow user-assisted remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a web page with an embedded frame, which causes POST data from an outer page to be sent to the inner frame's URL during a SAVEMODE_FILEONLY save of the inner frame.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z
CVE-2009-1312 
Mozilla Firefox before 3.0.9 and SeaMonkey 1.1.17 do not block javascript: URIs in Refresh headers in HTTP responses, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via vectors related to (1) injecting a Refresh header or (2) specifying the content of a Refresh header. NOTE: it was later reported that Firefox 3.6 a1 pre and Mozilla 1.7.x and earlier are also affected.
Problem types: description: n/a
Affected products: vendor: n/a
product: n/a
Published: 2009-04-22T18:00:00.000Z