metadata: authors: 0: author: Shepotylo,Oleksandr
1: author: Tarr,David
count: Russian Federation
docna: 0: docna: The structure of import tariffs in the
            Russian Federation : 2001-05
docty: Policy Research Working Paper
subtopic: General Manufacturing,Forests and Forestry,Forestry,Educational Sciences,Coastal and Marine Resources,International Trade and Trade Rules,Food Security,Energy and Natural Resources
teratopic: Law and Development,International Economics and Trade
abstracts: cdata!: The Russian tariff structure contains
            over 11,000 tariff lines of which about 1,700 use the
            so-called "combined" tariff rate system. For the
            combined system tariff lines, the actual tariff applied by
            Russian customs is the maximum of the ad valorem or specific
            tariff. The lack of available data and the difficulty in
            calculating the ad valorem equivalence of the specific
            tariffs have resulted in some previous efforts that have
            simply ignored the specific tariffs. This is the first paper
            to accurately assess the tariff rates. The authors show that
            ignoring the specific tariffs results in an underestimate of
            the actual tariff rates by about 1 to 3 percentage points,
            depending on the year. The average tariff in Russia has
            increased between 2001 and 2003 from about 11.5 to between
            13 and 14.5 percent, but it has held steady in 2004 and
            2005. This places Russia's tariffs at a level slightly
            higher than other middle-income countries and considerably
            higher than the OECD countries. The trade weighted standard
            deviation of the tariff approximately doubled from 9.5
            percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2003, but then fell to 15.2
            percent by 2005. The food sector and light industry are the
            aggregate sectors with the highest tariff rates-their tariff
            rates in 2005 were 23.1 percent and 19.5 percent on a
            trade-weighted basis, but the increase in their tariffs has
            not led to an increase in their output.
geo_reg_key: 517208,517198,82689,517190,517191
repnme: repnme: The structure of import tariffs in the
            Russian Federation : 2001-05
display_title: The structure of import tariffs in
            the Russian Federation : 2001-05
listing_relative_url: /research/2007/06/7745680/structure-import-tariffs-russian-federation-2001-05
topicv3: Agriculture and Food Security m1326205 435,Forestry m1326646 436,Trade m1326924 698,Education m1327048 470,Construction Materials m1504576 3769
publishtoextweb_dt: 2010-07-01T00:00:00Z
historic_topic: Law and Development,International Economics and Trade
no_of_pages: 58
author_keys: 0: author_key: 675589
1: author_key: 92658
model_extractions: WPS4265

# **The structure of import tariffs in the Russian Federation: 2001-2005**

**Oleksandr Shepotylo** , Economics Education and Research Consortium and Kiev Economic Institute

## **David Tarr** , The World Bank

**Abstract:** The Russian tariff structure contains over 11,000 tariff lines, of which about 1,700 use the so called “combined” tariff rate system.  For the combined system tariff lines, the actual tariff applied by Russian customs is the maximum of the ad valorem or specific tariff. The lack of available data and the difficulty in calculating the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariffs have resulted in some previous efforts that have simply ignored the specific tariffs. This is the first paper to accurately assess the tariff rates. The authors show that ignoring the specific tariffs results in an underestimate of the actual tariff rates by about one to three percentage points, depending on the year. The average tariff in Russia has increased between 2001 and 2003 from about 11.5 to between 13 and 14.5 percent, but it has held steady in 2004 and 2005. This places Russia’s tariffs at a level slightly higher than other middle-income countries and considerably higher than the OECD countries. The trade weighted standard deviation of the tariff approximately doubled from 9.5 percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2003, but then fell to 15.2 percent by 2005  The food sector and light industry are the aggregate sectors with the highest tariff rates—their tariff rates in 2005 were 23.1 and 19.5 percent on a trade-weighted basis, but the increase in their tariffs has not led to an increase in their output.

JEL categories F13; F14.

Keywords: tariff policy; specific tariffs; ad valorem equivalence; tariff peaks.

World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4265, June 2007 _The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Policy Research Working Papers are available online at http://econ.worldbank.org._ Corresponding author David Tarr, email dtarr@worldbank.org The World Bank, MSN MC 3-303, 1818 H St., N.W., Washington D.C. 20433 Oleksandr Shepotylo email: shepotylo@gmail.com Economics Education and Research Consortium and Kiev Economics Institute
# **The structure of import tariffs in the Russian Federation: 2001-2005**

**Oleksandr Shepotylo** , Economics Education and Research Consortium and Kiev Economic Institute

**David Tarr** , Consultant and Former Lead Economist, The World Bank<sup>1</sup>

## **I. Introduction**

What is the _structure_ of the most-favored nation (MFN) tariff of Russia? How has it been changing over time? What are the sectors in which tariffs are high or low? How diverse is the tariff structure of Russia? Surprisingly, these questions have not been answered to date due to a lack of data that would allow calculation of the ad valorem equivalents of the specific Russian tariffs. The problem reflects a wider problem in the international trade literature: although we are making progress, to date we do not have a set of internationally comparable tariff rates for countries that use specific tariffs.<sup>2</sup> We have obtained a new data set that we describe below. As a result of these new data, we are able to calculate the ad valorem equivalents of the specific tariffs. This allows us to provide the first detailed and accurate assessment of the tariff structure of Russia. We are able to assess, for the years 2001-2005, the actual number of tariff lines in which specific tariffs apply, the tariff lines with the highest tariffs, and investigate many other properties of the Russian tariff structure for the first time. We calculate and focus on the MFN tariffs. In an appendix to Shepotylo and Tarr (2007), we also provide an

> 1 We thank Timour Koudoyarov for extensive assistance, Francis Ng for provision of table 2, Andrei Kushnirenko of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade and Professor Alexander Daniltsev of the Higher School of Economics and State Management University of Moscow for extensive and helpful comments. We thank Maria Kasilag for logistical support. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Russian government or those cited, nor do they necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank or its Executive Directors.

> 2 We provide the best available summary international comparisons table on tariff rates in table 2 below. The WITS is in the process of developing the capability to provide average tariff information across countries even if countries use specific tariffs, and some independent researchers have made calculations that would allow such international comparisons.

2
estimate of the collected tariff rates where we adjust for the fact that most imports from CIS countries enter with zero tariffs.

Briefly, our key results are the following. The average tariff in Russia has increased between 2001 and 2003 from about 11.5% to between 13% and 14.5%, but it has held steady in 2004 and 2005. This places Russia’s tariffs at a level slightly higher than other middle-income countries and considerably higher than the OECD countries. The tariff structure became much more diverse between 2001 and 2003, but the dispersion of the tariff moderated in 2004 and 2005. Notably the trade weighted standard deviation of the tariff approximately doubled from 9.5 percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2003, but then fell to 15.2 percent by 2005. “Tariff peaks,” that is, tariff lines with very high tariffs, are more of a problem in 2005 than in 2001, but less so than in 2003. The reason for the increase in the tariffs is the specific tariffs, as the ad valorem rates have not increased. More tariff lines are subject to specific tariffs in 2003-2005 than in 2001, and the appreciation of the euro, relative to 2001 has increased the ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariffs. The food sector and light industry are the aggregate sectors with the highest tariff rates—their tariff rates in 2005 were 23.1% and 19.5% on a trade-weighted basis. At the two digit level, motor vehicles, footwear, leather products and sugar are among the most highly protected.

Regarding the previous efforts to assess the Russian tariff regime, Tarr (1999) has assessed the average level of the Russian tariff and the degree of tariff escalation by stage of production. Afontsev has used a Grossman-Helpman model in a few papers on Russian tariff policy. In Afontsev (2002), he assessed to extent to which industrial lobbying, consumer welfare or government revenue can explain the formation of Russian tariff policy in 1992-1997. Afontsev (2004) assesses the motivation of the government for the tariff unification policy of 2000-2001. In addition, there are several unpublished efforts to assess the average MFN tariff level in Russia.<sup>3</sup> Although the previous studies of the Russian tariff have provided a reasonable assessment of the Russian ad valorem tariffs, previous efforts have been hampered by two problems: (1) about ten to fifteen percent of the tariff lines of Russia use a “combined” tariff rate system. For these tariff lines, both ad valorem and specific tariffs are indicated, and the actual tariff applied by Russian customs is the maximum of the

> 3 Staff of both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have calculated the average Russian tariff on several occasions. We briefly discuss those results below.

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two. To know the actual tariff, where specific tariffs are specified, we must calculate their ad valorem equivalents. This is a non-trivial task, and some previous _unpublished_ efforts have simply ignored the specific tariffs, resulting in an underestimate of the actual tariff rates; and, more importantly, (2) until recently, tariff line data on the value and quantity of imports have not been available, and the available more aggregated data were not available electronically.<sup>4</sup> Consequently, earlier calculations were necessarily based on aggregates of tariff lines. Thus, these studies were simply not capable of assessing the tariff rates except at somewhat aggregate levels, and since the calculations were based on averages, the results were imprecise.

In section II we discuss our key results. We calculate average tariffs and standard deviations based on an unweighted basis and also an import trade weighted basis. In section III we discuss the data set. We discuss methodology in section IV. The key results are presented in tables 1-8. We have a one-page note on technical details in the calculations following the tables. In Appendix A, we present tables with more detailed results, namely of 2-digit industry calculations and the tariff lines with tariff rates above 50%. In Appendix B, we provide a second set of parallel tables we call the “estimated collected tariff rates.” These tables reflect the fact that imports from CIS countries enter tariff free with some notable exceptions, so the collected tariff rate is lower than the MFN rate.<sup>5</sup> As we discuss the results, we evaluate the trends in the tariff structure based on the view, elaborated by Tarr (2002), that low and uniform tariffs are preferable to high and diverse tariffs. This paper is methodological and descriptive; so the reader interested in a discussion of tariff policy should consult Tarr (2002) and as applied to Russia Tarr (1999).<sup>6</sup>

> 4 The previous data available were the annual hard copy reports of the Russian Customs Committee. These reports aggregate information from the tariff line level, so that information is reported on about 1700 aggregated product codes out of about 11,000 tariff lines. Previously, we manually entered these data in order to perform the calculations that were possible with those data.

> 5 In addition, personal imports and private imports enter tariff free. Since we do not have data on personal and private imports we do not adjust our computations of the estimated collected tariff rates for these imports. Thus the actual collected tariffs are less than our estimate.

> 6  For other discussions of trade policy in Russia, the reader should consult Michalopoulos and Tarr (1994. 1996, 1997), Tarr (1993, 1994) and Tarr and Thomson (2004).

4
# **II. Results**

## **1. The average MFN tariff rate has been increasing.**

In table 1, we show the average MFN tariff rate in Russia calculated both as a simple average and as a trade weighted average. The trade weighted average tariff has increased from 11.4% in 2001 to 14.3% in 2003, but fell slightly to 14.0% in 2005. The simple (unweighted) average increased from 11.7% in 2001 to 12.2% in 2002 to 12.8% in 2003, but fell to 12.4% in 2004 and 12.1% in 2005. This shows that tariffs have increased faster on the products imported more intensively.<sup>7</sup> To be clear, Let Vi be the value of imports of tariff line i and V be the total value of imports. That is, V = ∑ _i_ V Define the share of sector I in total imports as i αi = Vi / V.

Let ti be the MFN tariff rate that we calculate for tariff line i. Then the weighted average MFN tariff that we calculate is: t* = ∑i αi ti . And the simple or unweighted average tariff is t’ = ∑i (ti /n) where n is the number of tariff lines.

## **2. The tariff structure has become more diverse (less uniform).**

The standard deviation of MFN tariffs has been increasing more than the mean of the tariff, especially on a trade weighted basis. On a trade weighted basis, the standard deviation increased from 9.5 in 2001 to 15.2 in 2003, after peaking in 2003 at 18.0; on an unweighted basis the standard deviation of the tariff increased from 10.8 in 2001 to 18.7 in 2003, but the standard deviation fell to 12.7 by 2005.

The increase in the standard deviation implies that the Russian tariff structure has become more diverse, so that there are more highly protected sectors and more sectors with very low tariffs. Russia implemented a tariff simplication reform in 2000-20001, in which a significantly reduced number of ad valorem tariff rates were employed. Our calculations show that tariff simplification should not be confused with tariff uniformity or reduced variance of the tariff structure, as the tariff simplification did not prevent a movement to a less uniform tariff structure, especially in the 2001-2003, the two years immediately following the tariff simplification.

> 7 Another possible explanation is that the structure of imports has shifted toward products with higher tariffs.

5
Since the distortion costs of a tariff rise more than proportionally with the level of the tariff, a diverse tariff structure typically imposes significant inefficiency costs on a country. Also, the more diverse the tariff structure, the more incentive there is for lobbying and rent-seeking behavior which typically leads to tariff setting policies that are very inefficient. For these and other reasons, we generally view a movement toward a more diverse tariff structure as counterproductive to the long-term growth prospects of a country.<sup>8</sup>

# **3. The Russian tariff structure is likely slightly higher than that of other middleincome countries**

To put these numbers in perspective, we present in table 2 calculations of the average MFN applied tariffs of 158 countries. The table shows that tariffs of middle income countries average 9.6 percent, which is somewhat lower than Russia in 2003. Tariffs of lower income countries average 13.3 percent and tariffs of high income OECD countries average 3.4 percent. We must, however, be cautious in drawing strong conclusions from these data, since the data for many of the countries in table 2 are not comparable to the data for Russia. This is because the calculations in table 2 ignore tariff lines with specific tariffs. For countries with specific tariffs, this is likely to (but does not necessarily) bias the results downward.<sup>9</sup> Indeed, in the case of Russia, the estimates are biased down by about 1.3 (2.8) percent on an unweighted (trade weighted) basis according to our calculations.

# **4. The food sector and light industry are the aggregate industries that are the most highly protected —their average trade weighted tariffs are about 27 and 20 percent, respectively.**

In table 3, we present the tariff rates at a rather aggregate level of sixteen industries. Light industry and food stand out as the most highly protected, especially on a trade weighted basis. Construction materials and paper products are the next most

> 8 See Tarr (2003) for a thorough discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of a uniform tariff. 9 The average tariff is not necessarily biased downward, since the average tariff on the tariff lines subject to only ad valorem tariffs could be higher than the average tariff on all tariff lines, including the tariff lines with specific tariffs. But specific tariffs often apply on tariff lines with higher protection. The tariffs on European Union agricultural products are a striking case in point. Actual tariffs are likely considerably higher than the reported 5.9% in the table due to the fact that the calculations in the table ignore tariff lines with specific tariffs.

6
protected aggregate sectors of the economy. In table 4, we show that tariff peaks (tariffs above 20 or 30 percent) are most commonly found in light industry, food and in mechanical engineering and metalworking.

Based on data from the State Customs Service, the value of imports has fallen in these two sectors from 2001. Based on an index of 100, the value of textile and footwear imports (the principal light industry sectors) was 125 in 2001 and fell to 117 in 2003 and 110 in 2005. Similarly, but less dramatically, the value of food sector imports fell from 122 in 2001 to 109 in 2003 and 115 in 2005. The decline in imports in these sectors, however, did little to boost production. The index of production of textiles was essentially unchanged between 2001 and 205, while there was a three percent increase in the production of leather goods in the same time period. In the food sector, output fell by 2.5 percent between 2001 and 2005.

# **5. There are numerous sectors at the two digit industry level with tariffs greater than 20 percent. Meat, sugar, apparel, footwear, leather products and motor vehicles are among the most highly protected.**

Considerable variance in the tariff rates exists at the two digit level of aggregation. The following sectors that have an average unweighted tariff of 20 percent or more (the average is over all tariff lines within the two-digit category): meats, edible offal (29%); meat and fish preparations (35%); sugar (24%); beverages and vinegar (21%); glues (20%); articles of leather (28%); carpets (20%); apparel (21%); footwear (27%); hats (20%); umbrellas (20%); clocks and watches (29%); furniture (21%); feathers (23%). On the other hand, most mineral products had low tariff barriers throughout the period. Appendix table A1 provides the data for all the two digit industries.

# **6.  Tariff peaks at the** **_tariff line_ level (ten digit level) are very high. In 2005, the MFN tariff rates exceeded 100 percent for 27 tariff lines and exceeded 50 percent for 113 tariff lines.**

7
In table 5, we present the distribution of tariff rates in Russia. These are the results of our calculations of tariffs at the tariff line level (the ten digit level in Russia). In 2005, we can see that there were 27 tariff lines with tariff rates of 100 percent or more. Still another 86 tariff lines have tariff rates above 50 but less than 100 percent. But about 94 percent of the tariff rates are less than 25 percent, 83 percent are less than 20 percent, and 41 percent of the tariff lines have tariff rates less than ten percent. Clearly there is a lot of variance in the tariff structure.

In Appendix table A2, we list the ten digit tariff lines with tariffs in excess of 50 percent. Used cars typically have the highest tariff rates—there are five tariff lines for used cars with tariff rates above 200 percent in 2005. There are also several categories of fish, meat, sugar, alcohol, clocks and watches and clothing with tariff lines with tariffs in excess of 50 percent.

# **7. When we aggregate tariff lines to the six digit level, there were 60 sectors with tariff rates in excess of 50 percent in 2005.**

Aggregation of the raw ten digit tariff line data, which is an averaging process, reduces the variance in the tariffs and chops down the tariff peaks. So the more disaggregated the data, the more we will find high tariffs. Nonetheless, at the six digit level of aggregation, there are 178 product lines with tariffs 30 percent of higher. The sectors of 100% or more are: caviar (280%); lobster (171%); shrimps and prawns (153%); shrimps and prawns (153%), floor coverings from other plastics (141%); beer from malt (138%); ensembles of other textile materials (117%), wrist watches, others, electrically operated (112%), used clothing (105%); undenatured ethyl alcohol with 80% or higher alcohol content (100%); ethyl alcohol, denatured (100%). Details are in table A3 of Sheptoylo and Tarr (2007).

# **8. Russia has been increasingly using specific tariffs as part of its tariff policy—most of the increase in the use of specific tariffs has been in the food industry.**

In table 6, we show that the total number of tariff lines subject to the combined system of tariffs has increased by 183 tariff lines, from 1,609 in 2001 to 1,792 in 2005. About 80 percent of the increase in the number of specific tariffs is due to the increase in specific tariffs in the food industry, where an additional 148 tariff lines are subject to the combined system in 2005 compared with 2001. We regard this as a negative trend, since 8
specific tariffs are generally considered inefficient compared to ad valorem tariffs for two reasons: ad valorem tariffs are more transparent; and specific tariffs distort the choice of product within a category toward higher priced products. For example, a specific tariff of one euro per liter of wine is a very high percentage of the price of inexpensive wine, but a low percentage of the price of expensive wine. Consequently, specific tariffs would have the effect of switching the purchases of some consumers toward more expensive wines.

It is, however, the explicit policy of the Russian government to employ specific tariffs for this purpose. That is, specific tariffs are employed with the purpose of applying greater tariff protection against low priced imports.

## **9. Where specific tariffs apply, they tend to be considerably higher than the ad valorem component of the tariff.**

In table 7, we list the ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariffs by sector. We only consider tariff lines that are subject to specific tariffs in the calculations. In 2005, there were three aggregate sectors with an average specific tariff of 30% or higher: food; timber, wood, pulp and paper; and other goods producing industries.

## **The ad valorem component of the tariff is usually between 5 and 20 percent.**

If we examine only the ad valorem part of the tariff rates, we see that about 98 percent fall in the range of 5 to 20 percent. The government abandoned 40% ad valorem tariff rates on sugar in 2003, but replaced it with a specific tariff.<sup>10</sup> However, in 2003, the government introduced 60% and 80% tariff rates on meat and meat products. The highest rate of 100% is set on the import of some types of alcohol and this rate has remained unchanged throughout the period our sample period. Table 8 and Table 1 show that there was no significant change in ad valorem rates in 2001-2005. The average unweighted valorem rates in 2001-2005 were either 10.9% or 10.8%. That is, the ad valorem rates have not increased. The increase in the average tariff rates and the variance in the tariff rates over this period are due to the specific tariff component of the tariff structure.

# **III. Data sources**

> 10 The specific tariff on sugar ranges from $194 to $270 per ton.

9
## **Trade Data (Values and Quantities of Imports)**

Data on the quantity and value of imports for each of the five years of our sample were acquired from the electronic database of the commercial company AcademyService.<sup>11</sup> This dataset provides information on the Russian tariff structure at the tariff line level, i.e., the 10-digit level.

For the year 2003, we received a comparable dataset from the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. At the request of the Ministry, we recalculated all results with the data provided from the Ministry and compared the results with the database from the commercial firm Academy Service. We found the results to be extremely close. We examined the few cases of discrepancies and concluded that the differences were due to the fact that the company Academy Service corrected for outlier errors in the reported data from the Customs Service.

## **Tariff data**

The source of information on tariff rates is the Decree of the Government of Russian Federation on import duties #830.<sup>12</sup> The decree is available, for example, at <u>www.base.consultant.ru</u>

# **IV. Methodology for calculation of the tariff rates.**

## **MFN Tariff Rates**

Most tariffs in the Russian Federation are simple ad valorem tariffs. For these tariff lines, the MFN tariff is straightforward and no calculations are necessary.

However, between 1,609 and 1,792 tariff lines out of 11,000 plus tariff lines had a potential specific tariff component. Most of these tariff lines with a potential specific tariff component where subject to a combined tariff structure. For most products with the combined tariff, the maximum of the two tariffs is the tariff that applies.<sup>13</sup> For these tariff lines we adopt the following methodology for calculation of the tariff.

> 11 <u>http://www.ftinform.com.</u>

> 12 We looked at five editions of the decree: first, dated by 11.30.2001 for 2001; the second, dated by 02.06.2003 for 2002 rates, for 2003, 2004 and 2005, we took December 31 of the respective year. 13 Footwear is an exception where the sum of the specific and ad valorem tariffs is applied and there are a limited number of tariff lines where only specific tariffs apply.

10
We calculate tariff revenues at the tariff line level first assuming all imports pay the ad valorem tariff rate and then also calculate tariff revenues at the tariff line level assuming all imports pay the specific tariff. We then take the maximum of the two values as our MFN tariff. Our MFN tariff divided by the value of imports for the tariff line is the tariff rate for the tariff line. (The formulas are below.) Data are available on the quantity of imports in physical units and the value of imports. These data are also available by country or region of origin. In addition, we have the specific tariff and ad valorem tariff rates. Since we are interested in the MFN tariff, we focus on the non-CIS data, since CIS imports enter tariff free for the most part.<sup>14</sup> The methodology is as follows.

For each tariff line with a combined system, we first calculate unit values at the tariff line level. The value of imports is reported in US dollars, so the unit values are in US dollars.

# **1. Unit value = (value of imports from non-CIS countries)/(quantity of imports from non-CIS countries)**

Then we calculate tariff rate per unit assuming that the ad valorem tariff rate applies.

# **2. Tariff per unit if ad valorem = (ad valorem rate) * (unit value)**

We also calculate the tariff rate per unit assuming that the specific tariff applies. Since specific tariffs are defined in euros per unit, we need to convert euros to US dollars to be comparable with the unit value data. ER is the exchange rate in US$ per euro.<sup>15</sup>

> 14 In addition to the CIS agreement, Russia has both customs union agreements in place with several CIS countries, namely, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (with selected application of the common external tariff applying in all countries) as well as bilateral free trade agreements with others. Despite these agreements there are exceptions to the principle of tariff free access to the Russian market by CIS exporters, but these exceptions are reportedly not common.

> 15 We applied the average for the year exchange rate from the IMF Financial Statistics. Specifically, the dollars per euro exchanges rates we took were the following: 0.8 in 2001; 0.95 in 2002; 1.2 in 2003; 1.24 in 2004; and 1.33 in 2005.  Since specific tariffs are defined in euros and the trade data are denominated in US dollars, the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar has the tendency to increase the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariff. This is because if the initial contracts are defined in US dollars (such as many imports from the US), then the appreciation of the euro against the US dollar increases the specific tariff in dollars and the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariff.  But if the initial contracts are defined in euros, such as many contracts from the euro zone, the change in the exchange rate will not affect the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariff. This is because the trade data are converted to US dollars at the same exchange rate as the conversion of the specific tariff. That is, the ad valorem equivalence of the

11
# **3. Tariff per unit if specific tariff   = (specific tariff per unit) * ER * unit value**

The tariff per unit that applies is then the maximum of the ad valorem or specific tariff rate; dividing the tariff per unit by the unit value yields the actual tariff rate.

# **4. Actual MFN tariff rate per unit  = max {ad valorem tariff per unit, specific tariff per unit}/unit value**<sup>**16**</sup>

In the tables, we typically multiply the above actual tariff rate by 100 to report the rates in percentage terms.

Given that imports from the CIS typically enter duty free, we also calculate the estimated collected tariff rate by assuming that all CIS imports enter duty free.

# **5. Estimated collected tariff rate =(MFN tariff rate)*( value of imports from non-CIS countries)/( value of imports from all countries)**

We discuss this estimate below.

# **Weighted Average Overall Tariff Rates**

For the overall tariff rates, we take both a simple average of the tariff rates on the tariff lines as well as a weighted average, where the weights are the shares of the total value of imports of each tariff line. With the weighted average calculation the more important import categories receive higher weights. The problem with the weighted average approach is that very high tariffs discourage and may eliminate imports. Then the weight of these high tariffs will be zero. Although both approaches have their merits and problems, unless otherwise stated, our results are based on simple averages.

# **Estimated Collected Tariffs**

Collected tariffs are less than the MFN tariff because of a several exemptions in the Russian tariff structure. Most notably, CIS imports usually enter tariff free (although

> specific tariff is the ratio of the unit value in dollars to the specific tariff in dollars and the exchange rate is in both the numerator and denominator and thus cancels.

> 16 If the sum of the two tariffs is applied, then

> MFN tariff rate per unit = {tariff per unit if ad valorem  + specific tariff per unit}/unit value.

12
there are exceptions to this rule)<sup>17</sup> and personal and private imports also enter tariff free. We also provide estimates of the tariff rates where we adjust for zero tariff collections on CIS imports. That is, in the above formulas for calculating the tariff on a tariff line, we set ad valorem and specific rates on imports from the CIS countries equal to zero to take into account the special trade regime within the CIS _. We call these calculations our estimated collected tariff rates._ In appendix B we produce tables comparable to tables 1 and 3-8. The overall estimated collected tariff rates are lower than the MFN rates by about one percent.

# **Comparison of the collected rates based on our calculations with actual collected rates based on Ministry of Finance data**

According to our calculations, the overall collected rate was equal to 10.5% in 2001, 11.0% in 2002, 11.5% in 2003, 11.2% in 2004 and 11.0% in 2005. On the other hand, the actual collected rate was 9.5% in 2001, 9.7% in 2002, and 9.8% in 2003. The difference can be attributed to the fact that we did not take into account any exemptions other then the CIS free trade zone exemption.

To calculate actual collected rate, we used the Ministry of Finance data on collected import duties as a numerator. As a denominator, we used the overall import volume less imports from Belarus as reported by the Russian Customs Committee<sup>18</sup> .

# **Comparison of the collected rates based on our calculations with earlier estimates**

Prior to the acquisition of the dataset for trade data described above, World Bank staff used the official publication of the Russian Customs Committee, namely “Customs Statistics of the External Trade of the Russian Federation.” This required the manual entry of the data. But this publication does not provide tariff line data—only data aggregated at various levels, typically to six or four digits, with a total of about 1,700 lines, as opposed to about 11,000 in the electronic dataset.

We find that both approaches identify the food industry and light industry as the sectors with the highest tariff rates. The overall collected tariff rate in 2001, based on the Customs Committee publication, was estimated at 8%, as opposed to our estimate of 10.5% or 10.6% if trade weighted. We attribute the differences to the level of

> 17 Imports of sugar from Ukraine are a case in point.

> 18 The exclusion of the imports from Belarus is determined by the fact that the electronic dataset which we used in the calculations reported import volume without imports from Belarus.

13
aggregation, where the Customs Committee publication does not provide enough detail to provide a precise estimate.

14
# **References**

- Afontsev, Sergey (2004), “The Political Economy of Tariff Unification,” Economics Education and Research Consortium, Working Paper number 04/12E, Moscow, Russia. Available in Russian and English at http://www.eerc.ru/details/download.aspx?file_id=3766

- Afontsev, Sergey (2002), “Endogenous Tariff Protection and the Level of Trade Distortions in Russia,” Economics Education and Research Consortium, Working Paper number 01/07, Moscow, Russia. Available in Russian and English at http://www.eerc.ru/details/download.aspx?file_id=3583.

- Michalopoulos, Constantine. and David.G.Tarr (1994), _Trade in the New Independent States._ Studies of Economies in Transformation No. 13. World Bank, Washington DC

- Michalopoulos, Constantine. and David.G.Tarr (eds) (1996), “"Trade Performance and Policy in the New Independent States,"  in the Directions in Development Series, Washington: The World Bank.

- Michalopoulos, Constantine. and David.G.Tarr (1997), “The Economics of Customs Unions in the Commonwealth of Independent States,” _Post-Soviet Geography and Economics_ , Vol. 38, No. 3, 125-143.

- Tarr, David (2002), "On the Design of Tariff Policy: Arguments for and Against Uniform Tariffs,”  in B. Hoekman, A. Mattoo  and P. English (eds.), Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook, Washington: World Bank, 2002. Available in Russian at www.worldbank.org/trade/russia-wto.

- Tarr, David (1999) “Design of Tariff Policy for Russia” in Harry Broadman (ed.), Russia’s Trade Policy: Reform for WTO Accession, Washington D.C.: The World Bank. Available in English and Russian at www.worldbank.org/trade/russia-wto.

- Tarr, David G. (1993)., “How Moving to World Prices Affects the Terms of Trade in 15 Countries of the Former Soviet Union”, World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, WPS 1074.

- Tarr, David (1994), “The Terms-of-Trade effects of moving to world prices on countries Former Soviet Union”, _Journal of Comparative Economics_ , Vol.18, pp.1-24

- Tarr, David G. and Peter Thomson (2004), "The Merits of Dual Pricing of Russian Natural Gas," _The World Economy_ , Vol. 27, Issue 8. August, 1173-1194.

15
# **Table 1 MFN Tariff rates**<sup>**_(a)_**</sup>

|**Year**|**Tariff**|**Observations**||**Mean**<br>|**Standar**|**d Deviation**<br>|**um**|**mum**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||**Simple**|**Trade**<br>**weighted**|**Simple**|**Trade**<br>**weighted**|**Minim**<br>**rate**|**Maxi**<br>**rate**|
|**2001**|_Actual MFN tariff_<br>_rate_<br>_Ad valorem rate_<br>_only (b)_|11,076|11.7<br>10.9|11.4<br>10.5|10.8<br>6.0|9.5<br>6.5|0<br>0|518<br>100|
|**2002**|_Actual MFN tariff_<br>_rate_<br>_Ad valorem rate_<br>_only_|11,148|12.2<br>10.8|13.3<br>11.2|13.7<br>6.0|14.9<br>8.0|0<br>0|483<br>100|
|**2003**|_Actual MFN tariff_<br>_rate_<br>_Ad valorem rate_<br>_only_|11,161|12.8<br>10.9|14.3<br>10.3|18.7<br>6.9|18.0<br>6.8|0<br>0|1270<br>100|
|**2004**|_Actual MFN tariff_<br>_rate_<br>_Ad valorem rate_<br>_only_|11,218|12.4<br>10.9|14.1<br>11.1|13.3<br>6.9|17.0<br>7.3|0<br>0|293<br>100|
|**2005**|_Actual MFN tariff_<br>_rate_<br>_Ad valorem rate_|11,365|12.1|14.0|12.7|15.2|0|470|
||_only_||10.8|11.2|7.0|7.8|0|100|
|Notes:|_(a) Table 1 presents_<br>_(b) The ad valorem_<br>_tariffs are zero._|_summary statisti_<br>_rate only calculat_|_cs at the t_<br>_ions ignor_|_en digit level_<br>_e specific tar_|_iffs, i.e, as_|_sume that spe_|_cific_||

16
<!-- Start of picture text --> Table 2a: Average MFN Applied Tariffs by Major Sector in Recent Years<br>Code _|CountryiGroup fb Code _|CountryiGroup_fb<br>LowIncome Countries<br>1 |Angola 2005 76 119 Fl 2 |Albania 2005 63 87 60<br>1 |Bangladesh 2005 16.3 15.5 17.0 2 {Algeria 2005 158 19.5 15.5<br>1 |Berin 2005 144 16.7 14.1 2 |Antiguaand Barbuda 2004 96 147 83<br>1 {Bhutan 2005 22.2 47 177 2 |Argentina 2005 10.6 9.2 10.7<br>1 |Burkina Faso 2005 13.1 154 129 2 | Armenia 2006 33 63 30<br>1 {Burundi 2005 19.6 27.2 18.6 2 |Azerbaijan 2005 10.4 13.4 10.1<br>1 |Carbodia 2003 16.0 20.5 15.6 2 |Barbados 2004 16.0 37.1 117<br>1 |Carneroon 2005 13.3 23.4 18.0 2 [Belarus 2004 103 10.3 10.1<br>1 |Central Africa Rep. 2005 179 23.7 174 2 [Belize 2003 12.7 209 117<br>1 |Chad 2005 17.2 244 16.5 2 |Bolrvia 2005 72 77 72<br>1 |Congo Dem Rep. 2004 12.0 13.1 119 2 |Bosina and Herzegovina | 2006 77 45 79<br>1 |Congo Rep. 2005 19.1 24.6 18.5 2 [Botswana 2005 89 3.6 9.1<br>1 |Cote d'Ivoire 2005 126 16.6 12.1 2 |Brazil 2005 123 97 12.4<br>1 |Equatorial Guinea 2005 18.9 26.0 13.0 2 |Bulgaria 2005 106 22.1 99<br>1 |Ethiopia 2006 16.5 23.0 16.1 2 {Chile 2005 49 44 49<br>1 |Garmbia 2003 12.8 15.5 124 2 |China 2005 92 148 89<br>1 |Ghana 2004 13.1 179 12.6 2 |Colombia 2005 119 13.5 118<br>1 |Guinea 2005 142 17.7 13.3 2 |Costa Rica 2005 70 12.5 66<br>1 |Guinea-Bissau 2005 14.1 17.5 13.6 2 |Croatia 2005 24 68 2.1<br>1 |Haiti 2003 9.0 - “ 2 |Cuba 2005 10.5 13.1 10.3<br>1 [India 2005 16.0 379 146 2 |Czech Rep. 2004 49 10.0 41<br>1 [Kenya 2005 12.1 13.5 116 2 |Dybouti 2002 309 19.9 32.5<br>1 |Kyrgyz Rep. 2003 43 76 39 2 |Dorninica 2003 146 26.2 12.8<br>1 |Lao PDR 2005 9.2 23.1 8.5 2 |Dorminican Rep 2005 9.0 144 85<br>1 {Lesotho 2005 99 8.1 99 2 {Ecuador 2005 118 133 117<br>1 |Madagascar 2005 116 19.0 109 2 Egypt 2005 189 142.3 114<br>1 |Malawi 2003 13.4 15.7 13.0 2 {El Salvador 2005 64 13.0 58<br>1 |Mali 2005 12.4 16.0 12.1 2 {Estonia 2003 10 114 O.1<br>1 |Mauritania 2006 115 143 Md 2 |Fiji 2004 79 10.4 75<br>1 |Moldova 2006 43 93 38 2 |Gabon 2005 199 25.0 19.2<br>1 |Mongolia 2005 42 50 41 2 |Georgia 2004 74 13.5 67<br>1 |Mozarnbique 2005 13.1 18.7 12.6 2 |Grenada 2003 129 19.3 119<br>1 |Myarenar 2005 45 94 42 2 |Guaternala 2005 67 109 64<br>1 [Nepal 2005 147 159 145 2 |Guyana 2003 12.1 22.4 109<br>1 {Nicaragua 2005 63 12.4 63 2 |Honduras 2005 67 112 63<br>1 |Niger 2005 12.7 16.0 12.4 2 |Hungary 2004 89 179 77<br>1 [Nigeria 2005 11.6 17.2 112 2 [Indonesia 2005 65 96 62<br>1 {Pakistan 2005 146 17.0 144 2 |Iran, Islaric Rep. 2004 18.7 218 13.6<br>1 |Papua New Guinea 2005 6.1 17.6 5.0 2 |Jamaica 2003 93 17.4 85<br>1 |Rwanda 2005 17.2 128 176 2 [Jordan 2005 123 17.4 117<br>1 |Senegal 2005 140 16.1 138 2 |Kazakhstan 2004 23 3.6 2.2<br>1 |Sierra Leone 2004 139 17.2 133 2 {Latvia 2003 43 13.0 17<br><!-- End of picture text -->

|Table 2a: AverageMFNAppl|ied Tari|ffs byMa|jor Sec|tor inRecentYears||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Code<br>_|CountryiGroup<br>fb||||Code<br>_|CountryiGroup_fb||||
|LowIncomeCountries||||||||
|<br>1<br>|Angola<br>2005<br>1<br>|Bangladesh<br>2005|76<br>16.3|119<br>15.5|Fl<br>17.0|2<br>|Albania<br>2005<br>2<br>{Algeria<br>2005|63<br>158|87<br>19.5|60<br>15.5|
|1<br>|Berin<br>2005<br><br><br>|144<br>|16.7<br>|14.1<br>|2<br>|Antigua<br>and Barbuda<br>2004<br><br><br>|96<br>|147<br>|83<br>|
|1<br>{Bhutan<br>2005<br>1<br>|BurkinaFaso<br>2005<br><br><br>|22.2<br>13.1<br>|47<br>154<br>|177<br>129<br>|2<br>|Argentina<br>2005<br>2<br>|<sup>Armenia</sup><br>2006<br><br><br>|10.6<br>33<br>|9.2<br>63<br>|10.7<br>30<br>|
|1<br>{Burundi<br>2005<br><br><br>|19.6<br>|27.2<br>|18.6<br>|2<br>|Azerbaijan<br>2005<br><br><br>|10.4<br>|13.4<br>|10.1<br>|
|1<br>|Carbodia<br>2003<br><br><br>|16.0<br>|20.5<br>|15.6<br>|2<br>|Barbados<br>2004<br><br><br>|16.0<br>|37.1<br>|117<br>|
|1<br>|Carneroon<br>2005<br><br> <br>|13.3<br>|23.4<br>|18.0<br>|2<br>[Belarus<br>2004<br><br><br>|103<br>|10.3<br>|10.1<br>|
|1<br>|CentralAfricaRep.<br>2005<br><br><br>|179<br>|23.7<br>|174<br>|2<br>[Belize<br>2003<br><br><br>|12.7<br>|209<br>|117<br>|
|1<br>|Chad<br>2005<br><br> <br>|17.2<br>|244<br>|16.5<br>|2<br>|Bolrvia<br>2005<br><br> <br>|72<br>|77<br>|72<br>|
|1<br>|CongoDemRep.<br>2004<br><br> <br>|12.0<br>|13.1<br>|119<br>|2<br>|BosinaandHerzegovina |<br>2006<br><br><br>|77<br>|45<br>|79<br>|
|1<br>|CongoRep.<br>2005<br><br><br>|19.1<br>|24.6<br>|18.5<br>|2<br>[Botswana<br>2005<br><br><br>|89<br>|3.6<br>|9.1<br>|
|1<br>|Cote d'Ivoire<br>2005|126|16.6|12.1|2<br>|Brazil<br>2005|123|97|12.4|
|1<br>|EquatorialGuinea<br>2005<br>1<br>|Ethiopia<br>2006|18.9<br>16.5|26.0<br>23.0|13.0<br>16.1|2<br>|Bulgaria<br>2005<br>2<br>{Chile<br>2005|106<br>49|22.1<br>44|99<br>49|
|1<br>|Garmbia<br>2003|12.8|15.5|124|2<br>|China<br>2005|92|148|89|
|1<br>|Ghana<br>2004|13.1|179|12.6|2<br>|Colombia<br>2005|119|13.5|118|
|1<br>|Guinea<br>2005|142|17.7|13.3|2<br>|Costa Rica<br>2005|70|12.5|66|
|1<br>|Guinea-Bissau<br>2005|14.1|17.5|13.6|2<br>|Croatia<br>2005|24|68|2.1|
|1<br>|Haiti<br>2003|9.0|-|“|2<br>|Cuba<br>2005|10.5|13.1|10.3|
|1<br>[India<br>2005<br>1<br>[Kenya<br>2005|16.0<br>12.1|379<br>13.5|146<br>116|2<br>|CzechRep.<br>2004<br>2<br>|Dybouti<br>2002|49<br>309|10.0<br>19.9|41<br>32.5|
|1<br>|KyrgyzRep.<br>2003|43|76|39|2<br>|Dorninica<br>2003|146|26.2|12.8|
|<br><br>1<br>|LaoPDR<br>2005<br>1<br>{Lesotho<br>2005|9.2<br>99|23.1<br>8.1|8.5<br>99|2<br>|DorminicanRep<br>2005<br>2<br>{Ecuador<br>2005|9.0<br>118|144<br>133|85<br>117|
|1<br>|Madagascar<br>2005<br>1<br>|Malawi<br>2003<br>1<br>|Mali<br>2005<br><br><br>|116<br>13.4<br>12.4<br>|19.0<br>15.7<br>16.0<br>|109<br>13.0<br>12.1<br>|2<br>Egypt<br>2005<br>2<br>{ElSalvador<br>2005<br>2<br>{Estonia<br>2003<br><br><br>|189<br>64<br>10<br>|142.3<br>13.0<br>114<br>|114<br>58<br>O.1<br>|
|1<br>|Mauritania<br>2006<br><br><br>|115<br>|143<br>|Md<br>|2<br>|Fiji<br>2004<br><br><br>|79<br>|10.4<br>|75<br>|
|1<br>|Moldova<br>2006<br>1<br>|Mongolia<br>2005<br><br><br>|43<br>42<br>|93<br>50<br>|38<br>41<br>|2<br>|Gabon<br>2005<br>2<br>|Georgia<br>2004<br><br><br>|199<br>74<br>|25.0<br>13.5<br>|19.2<br>67<br>|
|1<br>|Mozarnbique<br>2005<br>1<br>|Myarenar<br>2005<br><br><br>|13.1<br>45<br>|18.7<br>94<br>|12.6<br>42<br>|2<br>|Grenada<br>2003<br>2<br>|Guaternala<br>2005<br><br><br>|129<br>67<br>|19.3<br>109<br>|119<br>64<br>|
|1<br>[Nepal<br>2005<br><br><br>|147<br>|159<br>|145<br>|2<br>|Guyana<br>2003<br><br><br>|12.1<br>|22.4<br>|109<br>|
|1<br>{Nicaragua<br>2005|63|12.4|63|2<br>|Honduras<br>2005|67|112|63|
|1<br>|Niger<br>2005<br><br><br>|12.7<br>|16.0<br>|12.4<br>|2<br>|Hungary<br>2004<br><br><br>|89<br>|179<br>|77<br>|
|1<br>[Nigeria<br>2005|11.6|17.2|112|2<br>[Indonesia<br>2005|65|96|62|
|1<br>{Pakistan<br>2005|146|17.0|144|2<br>|Iran, Islaric Rep.<br>2004|18.7|218|13.6|
|1<br>|PapuaNewGuinea<br>2005<br>1<br>|Rwanda<br>2005|6.1<br>17.2|17.6<br>128|5.0<br>176|2<br>|Jamaica<br>2003<br>2<br>[Jordan<br>2005|93<br>123|17.4<br>17.4|85<br>117|
|1<br>|Senegal<br>2005|140|16.1|138|2<br>|Kazakhstan<br>2004|23|3.6|2.2|
|1<br>|SierraLeone<br>2004|139|17.2|133|2<br>{Latvia<br>2003|43|13.0|17|
|1<br>|Solornon Islands<br>1995|34.5|40.7|340|2<br>{Lebanon<br>2005|72|18.1|6.0|
|<br><br>1<br>Sudan<br>2006|173|27.2|16.3|2<br>|Libya<br>2006|00|0.0|00|
|1<br>{Tajikistan<br>2004|73|94|77|2<br>{Lithuania<br>2003|13|5.0|10|
|1<br>|Tanzania<br>2005|129|213|12.2|2<br>|Macedonia FYR.<br>2005|41|13.7|35|
|1<br>|Togo<br>2005|146|16.7|143|2<br>|Malaysia<br>2005|75|33|79|
|1<br>[Uganda<br>2005<br>1<br>[Uzbekistan<br>2003|12.4<br>10.4|18.2<br>114|12.0<br>10.4|2<br>|Maldives<br>2005<br>2<br>|Maunitius<br>2005|213<br>85|173<br>12.1|22.1<br>8.1|
|1<br>|Vietnam<br>2005|13.1|26.0|12.2|2<br>{Mexico<br>2005|9.2|10.7|9.1|
|1<br>Yemen<br>2006|65|88|6.2|2<br>|Morocco<br>2005|19.4|311|18.6|
|1<br>|Zarnbia<br>2005|146|16.1|145|2<br>|Naruibia<br>2005|56|48|53|
|1<br>|Zimbabwe<br>2003<br><br><br>|16.7<br>|244<br>|16.0<br>|2<br>[Oman<br>2005<br>2<br>|Panama<br>2005<br><br><br>|38<br>74<br>|44<br>12.4<br>|38<br>7.0<br>|
|3<br>|Baharnas<br>2006<br><br><br>|28.6<br>|209<br>|29.7<br>|2<br>|Paraguay<br>2005<br><br><br>|83<br>|70<br>|84<br>|
|3<br>|Bahrain<br>2005<br><br><br>|45<br>|67<br>|42<br>|2<br>{Peru<br>2005<br><br><br>|92<br>|11g<br>|91<br>|
|3<br>|Brunei<br>2005<br><br><br>|3.1<br>|Ol<br>|35<br>|2<br>|Philippines<br>2005<br><br><br>|54<br>|89<br>|5.1<br>|
|3<br>|Cyprus<br>2002<br>3<br>|HongKong, China<br>2005<br><br><br>|60<br>00<br>|247<br>00<br>|47<br>00<br>|2<br>{Poland<br>2004<br>2<br>|Rornania<br>2005<br><br><br>|43<br>66<br>|313<br>19.3<br>|24<br>56<br>|
|3<br>{Israel<br>2005<br><br><br>|23<br>|61<br>|20<br>|2<br>[Russian Fed.<br>2005<br><br><br>|10.1<br>|97<br>|10.1<br>|
|3<br>|Kuwait<br>2005<br><br><br>|47<br>|36<br>|43<br>|2<br>[Saudi Arabia<br>2005<br><br> <br>|41<br>|29<br>|43<br>|
|3<br>|Macau, China<br>2004<br>3<br>|Malta<br>2003|0.0<br>67|0.0<br>6.1|0.0<br>67|2<br>[Serbia &Montenegro<br>2005<br>2<br>[Seychelles<br>2005|8.2<br>18.3|17.1<br>29.0|73<br>16.5|
|3<br>[Qatar<br>2005|40|37|41|2<br>[SlovakRep.<br>2003|60|116|44|
|3<br>__|Singapore<br>2005|00|0.0|00|2<br>|SouthAfrica<br>2005|85|76|86|
|3<br>|Slovenia<br>2003|43|95|38|2<br>[SriLanka<br>2005|10.8|22.1|10.1|
|3<br>|Taiwan,China<br>2005<br>3<br>_|UnitedArab Emirates<br>2005|55<br>43|11.6<br>5.2|50<br>47|2<br>_|St. KittsandNevis<br>2004<br>2<br>{St.Lucia<br>2005|94<br>12.6|13.2<br>18.7|83<br>118|
|||||2__|St. Vincent<br>2004|98|157|39|
|4<br>|Australia<br>2005<br>4<br>|Canada<br>2005|43<br>38|16<br>24|45<br>40|2<br>[Suriname<br>2000<br>2<br>[Swaziland<br>2005|153<br>10.8|25.6<br>114|12.4<br>10.8|
|4<br>|EuropeanUnion<br>2005|18|34|17|2<br>|Syna<br>2003|147|144|145|
|<br><br>4<br>{Iceland<br>2006|26|37|2.5|2<br>|Thailand<br>2005|10.5|20.8|98|
|4<br>Japan<br>2005|27|72|2.2|2<br>|Trinidad&Tobago<br>2003|98|178|89|
|4<br>|Korea,Rep.<br>2004|9.0|369|69|<br><br>2<br>|Tunisia<br>2005|13.4|42.6|119|
|<br><br>4<br>|NewZealand<br>2005|40|20|42|2<br>|Turkey<br>2005|24|218|14|
|<br><br>4<br>|Norway<br>2006|05|35|0.2|2<br>|Turkmenistan<br>2002|54|189|38|
|4<br>|Svritzerland Jc<br>2005<br><br> <br>|27<br>|140<br>|06<br>|2<br>|Ukraine<br>2006<br><br><br>|43<br>|67<br>|47<br>|
|4<br>_|UnitedStates<br>2005|3.1|38|3.0|2<br>|Urguay<br>2005<br><br><br>|99<br>|68<br>|10.0<br>|
|||||2<br>Vanuatu<br>2002<br><br>|170<br>|22.2<br>|163<br>|
|1-2<br>|Developingcountries (134) |2002-2006<br><br> <br>|13.3<br>|18.5<br>|129<br>|2__|Venezuela<br>2005<br>|12.8<br>|142<br>|12.7<br>|
|1<br>|LowIncome (53)<br>2003-2006<br>2<br>[Middle Income (31)<br>2002-2006|13.3<br>96|13.5<br>16.0|129<br>89|Notes: /a Basedonsiraple average ofMFN <br>Product catagones are definedby <br>|appliedtarif<br>HS classifica<br>|fs available i<br>tions as allg<br>|the latest year.<br>oods (HS 01-97),<br>|
|||||agriculturalgoods (HS 01-24), and<br>|manufacturi<br>|nggoods (HS<br>|25-97).<br>|
|3<br>|HighInc.Non-OECDs (14) |2002-2006<br><br>|53<br>|70<br>|52<br>|fo Basedonthe classifications ofin<br>|ome inWDI <br>|2005,Figure<br>|inpenetheses|
|4<br>|HighIncomeOECDs (10) |2004-2006|34|73|3.0|indicate numbers ofcountries/ec<br>fe<br>Included ad-valoremequivalent of|onomies inth<br>special tariff|group.<br>s||
|Sources:UNCTADTRAINSdatabase,WTO,IDB|andCTSC|DROMs2005|andTradePol|icyReview,variousissues,1993-2005;||||
|<br>andWorldBank.WorldDevelopmentI|<br>ndicators,20|<br>05.||||||

<!-- Start of picture text --> 1 Sudan 2006 173 27.2 16.3 2 |Libya 2006 00 0.0 00<br>1 {Tajikistan 2004 73 94 77 2 {Lithuania 2003 13 5.0 10<br>1 |Tanzania 2005 129 213 12.2 2 |Macedonia FYR. 2005 41 13.7 35<br>1 |Togo 2005 146 16.7 143 2 |Malaysia 2005 75 33 79<br>1 [Uganda 2005 12.4 18.2 12.0 2 |Maldives 2005 213 173 22.1<br>1 [Uzbekistan 2003 10.4 114 10.4 2 |Maunitius 2005 85 12.1 8.1<br>1 |Vietnam 2005 13.1 26.0 12.2 2 {Mexico 2005 9.2 10.7 9.1<br>1 Yemen 2006 65 88 6.2 2 |Morocco 2005 19.4 311 18.6<br>1 |Zarnbia 2005 146 16.1 145 2 |Naruibia 2005 56 48 53<br>1 |Zimbabwe 2003 16.7 244 16.0 2 [Oman 2005 38 44 38<br>2 |Panama 2005 74 12.4 7.0<br>3 |Baharnas 2006 28.6 209 29.7 2 |Paraguay 2005 83 70 84<br>3 |Bahrain 2005 45 67 42 2 {Peru 2005 92 11g 91<br>3 |Brunei 2005 3.1 Ol 35 2 |Philippines 2005 54 89 5.1<br>3 |Cyprus 2002 60 247 47 2 {Poland 2004 43 313 24<br>3 |Hong Kong, China 2005 00 00 00 2 |Rornania 2005 66 19.3 56<br>3 {Israel 2005 23 61 20 2 [Russian Fed. 2005 10.1 97 10.1<br>3 |Kuwait 2005 47 36 43 2 [Saudi Arabia 2005 41 29 43<br>3 |Macau, China 2004 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 [Serbia & Montenegro 2005 8.2 17.1 73<br>3 |Malta 2003 67 6.1 67 2 [Seychelles 2005 18.3 29.0 16.5<br>3 [Qatar 2005 40 37 41 2 [Slovak Rep. 2003 60 116 44<br>3 __|Singapore 2005 00 0.0 00 2 |South Africa 2005 85 76 86<br>3 |Slovenia 2003 43 95 38 2 [Sri Lanka 2005 10.8 22.1 10.1<br>3 |Taiwan, China 2005 55 11.6 50 2 _|St. Kitts and Nevis 2004 94 13.2 83<br>3 _|United Arab Emirates 2005 43 5.2 47 2 {St.Lucia 2005 12.6 18.7 118<br>2__|St. Vincent 2004 98 157 39<br>4 |Australia 2005 43 16 45 2 [Suriname 2000 153 25.6 12.4<br>4 |Canada 2005 38 24 40 2 [Swaziland 2005 10.8 114 10.8<br>4 |European Union 2005 18 34 17 2 |Syna 2003 147 144 145<br>4 {Iceland 2006 26 37 2.5 2 |Thailand 2005 10.5 20.8 98<br>4 Japan 2005 27 72 2.2 2 |Trinidad & Tobago 2003 98 178 89<br>4 |Korea, Rep. 2004 9.0 369 69 2 |Tunisia 2005 13.4 42.6 119<br>4 |New Zealand 2005 40 20 42 2 |Turkey 2005 24 218 14<br>4 |Norway 2006 05 35 0.2 2 |Turkmenistan 2002 54 189 38<br>4 |Svritzerland Jc 2005 27 140 06 2 |Ukraine 2006 43 67 47<br>4 _|United States 2005 3.1 38 3.0 2 |Urguay 2005 99 68 10.0<br>2 Vanuatu 2002 170 22.2 163<br>1-2 |Developing countries (134) | 2002-2006 13.3 18.5 129 2__|Venezuela 2005 12.8 142 12.7<br>1 |Low Income (53) 2003-2006 13.3 13.5 129 Notes: /a Based on siraple average of MFN applied tariffs available in the latest year.<br>2 [Middle Income (31) 2002-2006 96 16.0 89 Product catagones are defined by HS classifications as all goods (HS 01-97),<br>agricultural goods (HS 01-24), and manufacturing goods (HS 25-97).<br>3 |High Inc. Non-OECDs (14) | 2002-2006 53 70 52 fo Based on the classifications ofincome in WDI 2005, Figures in penetheses<br>4 |HighIncome OECDs (10) | 2004-2006 34 73 3.0 indicate numbers of countries/economies in the group.<br>fe Included ad-valorem equivalent of special tariffs<br>Sources: UNCTAD TRAINS database, WTO, IDB and CTS CD ROMs 2005 and Trade Policy Review, various issues, 1993-2005;<br>and World Bank. World Development Indicators, 2005.<br><!-- End of picture text -->
# **Table 3. Average MFN tariff rates in Russia in 2001-2005 at industry level**<sup>a</sup>

||||||**_Ye_**|**_ar_**|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Industry_**||**_2001_**|**_2_**|**_002_**|**_2_**|**_003_**||**_2004_**||**_2005_**|
||_mean_|_weighted_|_mean_|_weighted_|_mean_|_weighted_|_mean_|_weighted_|_mean_|_weighted_|
|||_mean_||_mean_||_mean_||_mean_||_mean_|
|_Electric industry_|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|
||_.._|_(0.0)_|_.._|_(0.0)_|_.._|_(0.0)_|_.._|_(0.0)_|_.._|<br>_(0.0)_|
|_Oil extraction_|5|5|5||5|5|5.0|5.0|5.0|<br>5.0|
||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|<br>_(0.0)_|
|_Oil processing_|5.2|5.0|5.2|5.0|5.2|5.0|5.2|5.0|5.2|<br>5.0|
||_(1.8)_|_(0.4)_|_(1.8)_|_(0.3)_|_(1.8)_|_(0.3)_|_(1.8)_|_(0.4)_|_(1.8)_|<br>_(0.4)_|
|_Gas_|5||5|5|5||5|5|5|5|
||_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|<br>_(0.0)_|
|_Coalmining_|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|<br>5|
||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|<br>_(0.0)_|
|_Other fuel industries_|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|5|<br>5|
||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|<br>_(0.0)_|
|_Ferrous metallurgy_|8.0|8.7|8.0|9.0|8.0|9.9|8.0|11.0|8.0|<br>10.4|
||_(4.8)_|_(5.2)_|_(4.8)_|_(5.3)_|_(4.8)_|_(5.6)_|_(4.8)_|_(6.)_|_(4.8)_|<br>_(5.9)_|
|_Non-ferrous metallurgy_|10.6|12.1|10.6|13.8|10.8|14.5|10.7|14.4|10.6|<br>13.7|
||_(6.)_|_(6.7)_|_(6.)_|_(6.8)_|_(6.1)_|_(6.5)_|_(6.)_|_(6.5)_|_(6.)_|<br>_(6.7)_|
|_Chemicals and_|7.8|8.7|8.0|9.2|8.0|9.2|8.0|9.2|7.9|<br>9.1|
|_petrochemicals_|_(5.1)_|_(5.1)_|_(7.1)_|_(8.4)_|_(7.4)_|_(7.2)_|_(7.5)_|_(6.)_|_(6.9)_|<br>_(5.1)_|
|_Mechanical_|10.5|9.7|11.0|10.3|11.6|10.4|11.0|12.3|10.6|<br>12.6|
|_engineering and metal-_<br>_rki_|_(7.7)_|_(8.5)_|_(15.9)_|_(15.7)_|_(28.3)_|_(11.2)_|_(15.)_|_(11.4)_|_(13.8)_|<br>_(12.3)_|
|_wong_<br>_Timber, wood, pulp and_|14.9<br>|14.0|15.1|14.7|15.5|14.3|15.4|14.2|15.1|<br>13.9|
|_paper_|_(5.5)_|_(7.4)_|_(6.6)_|_(8.5)_|_(7.7)_|_(9.6)_|_(7.5)_|_(9.2)_|_(6.6)_|<br>_(8.5)_|
|_Construction materials_|13.5|14.3|13.6|14.7|13.6|15.5|13.4|15.3|13.4|<br>15.4|
||_(5.2)_|_(5.)_|_(6.5)_|_(4.9)_|_(5.8)_|_(5.7)_|_(5.)_|_(5.)_|_(5.2)_|<br>_(5.2)_|
|_Light industry_|16.6|17.8|17.3|20.9|17.9|19.8|16.2|19.3|15.5|<br>19.5|
||_(19.9)_|_(11.1)_|_(16.5)_|_(13.6)_|_(17.9)_|_(12.)_|_(11.2)_|_(9.8)_|_(8.1)_|<br>_(8.4)_|
|_Food industry_|14.5|16.0|14.9|20.3|16.4|26.1|16.7|23.3|16.3|<br>23.1|
||_(10.9)_|_(11.2)_|_(16.1)_|_(16.6)_|_(17.)_|_(30.5)_|_(18.)_|_(31.8)_|_(19.)_|<br>_(26.6)_|
|_Other industries_|11.7|8.9|12.0|9.5|12.0|9.5|12.1|9.6|12.1|<br>9.0|
||_(7.6)_|_(7.9)_|_(8.7)_|_(8.2)_|_(8.4)_|_(8.3)_|_(8.5)_|_(7.9)_|_(8.8)_|<br>_(7.6)_|
|_Agriculture and_|7.8|8.8|9.2|13.7|9.8|15.7|9.5|14.5|9.1|<br>13.3|
|_forestry_|_(5.8)_|_(6.)_|_(8.)_|_(12.)_|_(9.7)_|_(14.2)_|_(8.6)_|_(12.6)_|_(8.)_|<br>_(11.1)_|
|_Other goods-producing_|18.6|10.0|18.2|6.6|18.3|7.1|17.8|6.4|17.3|<br>9.7|
|_sectors_<br>_Notes: a Mapping from_<br>_b Standard devia_|_(16.)_<br>_10 digit_<br>_tion in p_|_(33.3)_<br>_codes to sect_<br>_arentheses_|_(13.)_<br>_ors is based_|_(24.)_<br>_on Goskoms_|_(14.2)_<br>_tat classi_|_(25.4)_<br>_fication_|_(10.5)_|_(19.6)_|_(8.4)_|<br>_(14.)_|

18
# **Table 4.    Number of lines with actual rates above 20 and 30% and maximum rates by year and industry**

|**_Industry_**|||||**_Y_**|**_ear_**|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_20_**|**_01_**|**_20_**|**_02_**|**_20_**|**_03_**|**_20_**|**_04_**|**_2_**|**_005_**|
||**_>20_**|**_>30_**|**_>20_**|**_>30_**|**_>20_**|**_>30_**|**_>20_**|**_>30_**|**_>20_**|**_>30_**|
|**_Non-ferrous metallurgy_**|**_0_**<sup>**_a_**</sup>|**_0_**|**_0_**|**_0_**|**_1_**|**_1_**<br>30<sup>b</sup>|**_0_**|**_0_**|**_0_**|**_0_**|
|**_Chemicals and petrochemicals_**|**_8_**|**_3_**|**_14_**|**_10_**|**_19_**|**_13_**|**_17_**|**_10_**|**_14_**|**_5_**|
|||125||154||186||181||198|
|**_Mechanical engineering and metal-working_**|**_51_**|**_18_**<br>198|**_59_**|**_38_**<br>338|**_63_**|**_44_**<br>1270|**_64_**|**_48_**<br>293|**_64_**|**_47_**<br>278|
|**_Timber, wood, pulp and paper_**|**_25_**|**_6_**<br>69|**_29_**|**_12_**<br>94|**_31_**|**_21_**<br>78|**_34_**|**_17_**<br>79|**_30_**|**_17_**<br>63|
|**_Construction materials_**|**_2_**|**_1_**|**_6_**|**_2_**|**_8_**|**_2_**|**_5_**|**_0_**|**_7_**|**_1_**|
|||48||81||60||29||30|
|**_Light industry_**|**_161_**|**_68_**|**_244_**|**_107_**|**_271_**|**_144_**|**_228_**|**_81_**|**_173_**|**_59_**|
|||518||284||342||163||85|
|**_Food industry_**|**_256_**|**_93_**|**_295_**|**_101_**|**_370_**|**_158_**|**_370_**|**_163_**|**_341_**|**_162_**|
|||193||483||323||256||470|
|**_Other industries_**|**_2_**|**_1_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_4_**|**_3_**|**_4_**|**_3_**|
|||39||63||54||57||67|
|**_Agriculture and forestry_**|**_2_**|**_2_**|**_25_**|**_22_**|**_31_**|**_22_**|**_32_**|**_19_**|**_26_**|**_14_**|
|||58||63||78||64||62|
|**_Other goods-producing sectors_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|
|||124||99||109||76||54|
|_Notes: a Number of lines_|||||||||||
|_b The highest rate in % in the subcatego_|_ry_||||||||||

19
**Table 5.   Distribution of MFN tariff rates in Russia in 2001-2005**

||||**_200_**|**_1_**|**_200_**|**_2_**|**_200_**|**_3_**|**_200_**|**_4_**|**_200_**|**_5_**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Actua_**|**_l rate ran_**|**_ge, %_**|_Frequency_<sup>_a_</sup>|_Percent_<sup>_b_</sup>|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|
|_0_|_to <_|_5_|88|0.79|109|0.98|113|1.01|115|1.03|234|2.06|
|_5_|_to <_|_10_|4,324|39.04|4,414|39.59|4,379|39.24|4,414|39.35|4,410|38.8|
|_10_|_to <_|_15_|1,927|17.4|1,912|17.15|1,900|17.03|1,943|17.32|1,950|17.16|
|_15_|_to <_|_20_|2,901|26.19|2,810|25.21|2,816|25.23|2,765|24.65|2,823|24.84|
|_20_|_to <_|_25_|1,456|13.15|1,398|12.54|1,333|11.94|1,435|12.79|1,447|12.73|
|_25_|_to <_|_30_|183|1.65|212|1.9|208|1.86|200|1.78|189|1.66|
|_30_|_to <_|_35_|61|0.55|91|0.82|68|0.61|89|0.79|95|0.84|
|_35_|_to <_|_40_|23|0.21|44|0.39|89|0.8|60|0.53|50|0.44|
|_40_|_to <_|_45_|34|0.31|39|0.35|56|0.5|37|0.33|30|0.26|
|_45_|_to <_|_50_|17|0.15|25|0.22|30|0.27|16|0.14|24|0.21|
|_50_|_to <_|_55_|7|0.06|11|0.1|23|0.21|18|0.16|12|0.11|
|_55_|_to <_|_60_|7|0.06|10|0.09|21|0.19|14|0.12|7|0.06|
|_60_|_to <_|_65_|3|0.03|8|0.07|25|0.22|26|0.23|20|0.18|
|_65_|_to <_|_70_|5|0.05|10|0.09|10|0.09|4|0.04|9|0.08|
|_70_|_to <_|_75_|5|0.05|1|0.01|12|0.11|5|0.04|2|0.02|
|_75_|_to <_|_80_|5|0.05|7|0.06|4|0.04|7|0.06|2|0.02|
|_80_|_to <_|_85_|4|0.04|8|0.07|15|0.13|23|0.21|21|0.18|
|_85_|_to <_|_90_|4|0.04|4|0.04|6|0.05|4|0.04|6|0.05|
|_90_|_to <_|_95_|2|0.02|2|0.02|6|0.05|2|0.02|4|0.04|
|_95_|_to <_|_100_|1|0.01|2|0.02|4|0.04|1|0.01|3|0.03|
|_100_|_to <_|_150_|13|0.12|14|0.13|25|0.22|16|0.14|13|0.11|
|_150_|_to <_|_200_|4|0.04|7|0.06|5|0.04|15|0.13|6|0.05|
|_200_|_to <_|_250_|0|0|1|0.01|3|0.03|4|0.04|3|0.03|
|_250_|_to <_|_300_|0|0|4|0.04|3|0.03|5|0.04|3|0.03|
|_300_|_to <_|_350_|0|0|3|0.03|5|0.04|0|0|0|0|
|_350_|_to <_|_400_|0|0|1|0.01|1|0.01|0|0|1|0.01|
|_400_|_to <_|_450_|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|_450_|_to <_|_500_|0|0|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|1|0.01|
||_>_|_500_|1|0.01|0|0|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|
|||**_Total_**|11,076|100|11,148|100|11,160|100|11,218|100|11,365|100|

_Notes:_ _a Number of lines at 10-digit level b Percentage out of total number of product lines_ 20
**Table 6.   Number of tariff lines where non-zero specific tariffs may apply, by industry**

|**_Industry_**||<br>|**_Year_**<br>|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_2001_**|**_2002_**|**_2003_**|**_2004_**|**_2005_**|
|_Non-ferrous metallurgy_||1a|8|8|8|
|_Chemicals and petrochemicals_|22|30|30|31|30|
|_Mechanical engineering and metal-working_|120|125|137|138|141|
|_Timber, wood, pulp and paper_|39|39|39|39|39|
|_Construction materials_|17|17|17|17|17|
|_Light industry_|598|596|596|596|596|
|_Food industry_|748|752|882|889|896|
|_Other industries_|9|9|9|9|9|
|_Agriculture and forestry_|50|50|50|50|50|
|_Other goods-producing sectors_|6|6|6|6|6|
|_Total:_|1609|1624|1774|1783|1792|

_Note:_<sup>a</sup> _Number of lines at 10-digit level with specific tariff greater than zero_ 21
**Table 7.   Average MFN ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariff rates by industry /** a

||||||**_Ye_**|**_ar_**|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_20_**|**_01_**|**_20_**|**_02_**|**_20_**|**_03_**|**_20_**|**_04_**|**_20_**|**_05_**|
|**_Industry_**|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|
||..|..|8.8|8.8|16.0|15.8|5.7|16.1|4.6|15.3|
|_Non-ferrous metallurgy_|_.._|_.._|_.._|_(0.0)_|_(8.7)_|_(6.2)_|_(5.9)_|_(4.2)_|_(6.7)_|_(7.3)_|
|_Chemicals and_<br>|21.9|19.4|35.7|27.5|37.9|27.2|32.8|21.7|30.0|23.0|
|_petrochemicals_|_(25.9)_|_(14.5)_|_(38.7)_|_(29.8)_|_(39.0)_|_(23.6)_|_(43.3)_|_(16.6)_|_(38.6)_|_(11.1)_|
|_Mechanical engineering_|25.6|21.9|44.4|28.3|55.8|25.7|43.8|27.0|40.0|28.7|
|_and metal-working_|_(30.4)_|_(17.9)_|_(70.8)_|_(40.8)_|_(136.5)_|_(25.5)_|_(64.0)_|_(15.8)_|_(58.4)_|_(17.2)_|
|_Timber, wood, pulp and_|23.7|23.2|28.2|28.0|34.1|34.3|32.8|32.4|29.8|30.2|
|_paper_|_(11.6)_|_(6.0)_|_(14.2)_|_(5.5)_|_(14.4)_|_(8.8)_|_(15.0)_|_(9.4)_|_(12.5)_|_(9.6)_|
|_Construction materials_|16.5|16.5|20.4|19.0|19.1|23.1|16.4|22.2|17.8|23.3|
||_(9.3)_|_(3.7)_|_(16.9)_|_(3.4)_|_(13.3)_|_(5.6)_|_(6.7)_|_(3.9)_|_(6.6)_|_(3.7)_|
|_Light industry_|17.5|14.5|21.0|20.8|25.0|24.6|18.1|19.3|15.5|16.8|
||_(32.5)_|_(15.1)_|_(24.4)_|_(16.3)_|_(26.4)_|_(13.8)_|_(14.5)_|_(9.0)_|_(9.1)_|_(7.2)_|
|_Food industry_|21.4|20.9|21.8|27.6|26.0|39.6|26.1|35.2|25.4|33.7|
||_(19.2)_|_(12.4)_|_(29.7)_|_(18.2)_|_(28.2)_|_(36.4)_|_(29.6)_|_(40.7)_|_(32.6)_|_(32.8)_|
|_Other industries_|32.2|34.9|46.4|41.5|44.5|46.5|32.5|34.1|34.1|32.9|
||_(10.1)_|_(6.6)_|_(16.0)_|_(10.4)_|_(8.6)_|_(7.3)_|_(20.7)_|_(7.5)_|_(23.2)_|_(10.4)_|
|_Agriculture and forestry_|38.4|54.9|23.0|19.0|27.8|23.2|25.3|21.1|22.4|18.2|
||_(30.4)_|_(12.2)_|_(14.2)_|_(14.9)_|_(17.4)_|_(17.8)_|_(14.5)_|_(15.1)_|_(14.5)_|_(13.6)_|
|_Other goods-producing_|24.4|109.3|23.5|78.9|23.6|65.1|20.8|50.7|15.5|29.8|
|_sectors_|_(48.8)_|_(39.3)_|_(37.3)_|_(37.8)_|_(42.1)_|_(51.4)_|_(27.9)_|_(32.6)_|_(19.1)_|_(23.1)_|
|_Note:_<br>_a Ad valorem equivalent of_<br>_Summary statistics is calc_|_the specific_<br>_ulated for n_|_tariff is_**_(sp_**<br>_on-zero sp_|**_ecific taiff_**<br>_ecific tariff_|**_rate*100)/_**<br>_s only._|**_(unit value_**|**_)_**_._|||||

_<mark>a Ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariff is</mark>_ **_<mark>(specific taiff rate*100)/(unit value)</mark>_** _<mark>. Summary statistics is calculated for non-zero specific tariffs only. b Standard deviations in parentheses</mark>_ 22
**Table 8.    Distribution of ad valorem components of MFN tariff rates in Russia in 2001-2003**

||**_2001_**||**_200_**|**_2_**|**_200_**|**_3_**|**_200_**|**_4_**|**_200_**|**_5_**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Ad_**<br>**_valorem_**<br>**_rate, %_**|_Frequency_<sup>_a_</sup>|_Percent_<sup>_b_</sup>|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|
|0|136|1.23|187|1.68|218|1.95|238|2.12|327|2.88|
|2.5|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|8|0.07|
|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|9|0.08|
|5|4,326|39.06|4,398|39.45|4,377|39.22|4,400|39.22|4,401|38.72|
|10|1,928|17.41|1,907|17.11|1,900|17.02|1,950|17.38|1,949|17.15|
|15|3,011|27.18|3,002|26.93|2,996|26.84|2,962|26.4|2,990|26.31|
|20|1,526|13.78|1,513|13.57|1,505|13.48|1,503|13.4|1,514|13.32|
|25|129|1.16|121|1.09|123|1.1|123|1.1|123|1.08|
|30|4|0.04|4|0.04|4|0.04|4|0.04|4|0.04|
|40|14|0.13|14|0.13|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|50|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0.01|0|0|
|60|0|0|0|0|14|0.13|14|0.12|16|0.14|
|80|0|0|0|0|22|0.2|21|0.19|22|0.19|
|100|2|0.02|2|0.02|2|0.02|2|0.02|2|0.02|
|**_Total_**|11,076|100|11,148|100|11,161|100|11,218|100|11,365|100|
|_Notes:_|_a Number of l_|_ines at 10-_|_digit level_||||||||
||_b Percentage_|_out of total_|_number of pr_|_oduct line_|_s_||||||

23
# **Technical Notes**

## **Conversion of units for specific tariffs**

For some tariff lines with non-zero specific tariffs, the unit of measurement of the quantity of imports is different from the unit of measurement of the specific tariff. In order to compute the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariff, we need a conversion factor that would allow use to use a common physical unit of measure for the quantity of imports and the unit of measurement of the specific tariff. The company Academia Service provided us with these conversion rates based on additional data they have available on imports for 2003. We applied this conversion rates to other years as well.

For some tariff lines, it was not possible for Academy Service to provide us with conversion factors. Since this made calculation of the ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariff impossible, we dropped these tariff lines from the calculations. As a result of this problem, we dropped the following seven tariff lines: 9401301000, 9401901000, 9403301100, 9403603000, 9404211000, 6910100000 and 6910900. The observation was dropped only if the tariff line at the 10-digit level had a specific tariff different from zero, there was difference in the units of measurement and we did not have conversion rate. If a tariff line was dropped for one year it was also dropped for all years.

## **Tariff rates for Chapter 87 of HS.**

Specific tariffs for chapter 87 (vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock) are measured in Euros per 1 cc of engine volume. We do not have data to calculate the exact tariffs applied for each type of car. For tariff lines referring to cars whose engine capacity fall within a specified interval, we assume that engine capacity of each imported car is the average for this interval. For example, the tariff rate for tariff line 870322 **(** Other Vehicles, Spark-ignition Engine of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,000 cc but not exceeding 1,500 cc **)** was calculated based on the average capacity 1,250 cc. For categories with an open-ended range such as cars with engine lower than 1,500 cc or cars with engine higher than 3,000 cc, we took the highest and the lowest capacity, respectively. This will overestimate the tariff rate for the first category and underestimate it for the second category.

24
# **Appendix  A.: Tariff calculations at the detailed tariff line level**

## **<u>Table A1.</u>** **_<u>Tariff rates at 2 digit level</u>_**

|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**code**|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2digits**|||||||
|||70<sup>a</sup><br>|70|70|70|70|
|1|_LIVE ANIMALS_|3.9<sup>b</sup>|3.9|3.9|3.9|3.9|
|||_(2.1)_<sup>_c_</sup>|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|
|||256|256|292|292|300|
|2|_MEAT EDIBLE OFFAL_|20.2|20.8|29.3|28.3|29.1|
||_,_|_(6.9)_|_(7.4)_|_(21.3)_|_(19.4)_|_(20.7)_|
|||338|338|338|339|339|
|3|_FISH CRUSTACEANS_|10.3|11.2|10.4|10.2|10.1|
||_,_|_(4.0)_|_(20.5)_|_(4.9)_|_(2.9)_|_(1.6)_|
|||176|176|176|176|176|
|4|_DAIRY PRODUCTS_|16.2|15.9|16.1|16.1|15.8|
|||_(4.6)_|_(2.8)_|_(3.7)_|_(4.0)_|_(3.7)_|
|||33|33|33|33|33|
|5|_ANIMAL PRODUCTS NES_|8.2|8.2|8.2|8.2|8.2|
|||_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|
|||42|42|42|42|42|
|6|_LIVE TREES PLANTS_|14.8|15.3|16.0|15.2|14.6|
||_,_|_(10.2)_|_(8.6)_|_(10.2)_|_(8.5)_|_(7.4)_|
|||121|121|121|121|121|
|7|_EDIBLE VEGETABLES_|14.9|16.0|16.6|16.5|15.9|
|||_(0.9)_|_(3.9)_|_(5.4)_|_(4.6)_|_(3.2)_|
|||137|137|137|143|143|
|8|_EDIBLE FRUIT NUTS_|6.9|10.3|11.2|10.6|10.3|
||_,_|_(3.3)_|_(9.3)_|_(11.9)_|_(10.1)_|_(9.7)_|
|||42|46|54|54|54|
|9|_COFFEE TEA SPICES_|6.0|6.7|7.4|6.9|7.0|
||_, ,_|_(3.8)_|_(6.0)_|_(5.9)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.8)_|
|||57|57|57|57|57|
|10|_CEREALS_|8.0|8.0|11.1|9.9|9.0|
|||_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(9.4)_|_(5.9)_|_(4.1)_|

25
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|||85|85|85|85|85|
|11|_MILLING PRODUCTS_|10.0|10.0|10.3|10.2|10.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(1.6)_|_(1.9)_|_(2.7)_|
|||84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|
|12|_OIL SEED_|5.0|5.0|4.9|4.9|4.9|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.8)_|_(0.8)_|_(0.8)_|
|||18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|
|13|_LAC GUMS RESINS_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_, ,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|14|_VEGETABLE PLAITING_|8<br>13.8|8<br>13.8|8<br>13.8|8<br>13.8|8<br>13.8|
|||_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|
|||138|144|142|148|148|
|15|_FATS ANIMAL VEGIE_|10.7|11.7|12.3|12.4|11.9|
||_, ,_|_(4.9)_|_(6.6)_|_(7.7)_|_(8.6)_|_(6.7)_|
|16|_MEAT FISH PREPS_|96<br>25.0|96<br>31.2|96<br>36.6|96<br>31.8|96<br>35.2|
||_, ,_|_(17.5)_|_(49.5)_|_(46.8)_|_(28.8)_|_(50.2)_|
|||55<br>|55<br>|76<br>|76<br>|76<br>|
|17||19.6|22.7|18.5|45.8|23.5|
||_SUGARS_|_(15.9)_|_(20.9)_|_(30.1)_|_(58.3)_|_(41.5)_|
|||29|29|29|29|29|
|18|_COCOA AND COCOA PREP_|11.9|18.8|19.2|16.0|16.5|
|||_(12.2)_|_(20.1)_|_(16.5)_|_(14.5)_|_(14.4)_|
|||51|51|51|51|51|
|19|_CEREALFLOURSTARCH_|15.3|16.3|18.6|18.1|18.2|
||_,,_|_(2.2)_|_(4.3)_|_(9.1)_|_(8.3)_|_(9.0)_|
|||356|356|356|356|356|
|20|_VEGIE FRUIT PREPS_|14.5|15.2|15.0|14.8|14.8|
||_, ,_|_(2.9)_|_(4.1)_|_(3.9)_|_(4.1)_|_(4.2)_|
|||49|50|60|60|60|
|21||14.7|14.6|18.2|15.4|15.2|
||_MISC EDIBLE PREPS_|_(4.2)_|_(4.0)_|_(20.4)_|_(5.6)_|_(5.0)_|
|||176|175|176|176|176|
|22||25.1|19.8|19.6|19.7|21.5|
||_BEVERAGES, VINEGAR_|_(25.8)_|_(19.6)_|_(17.1)_|_(22.8)_|_(31.5)_|
|||67|67|68|68|68|
|23|_RESIDUES, WASTES_|7.7|7.7|7.6|7.8|7.9|
|||_(5.8)_|_(5.9)_|_(6.2)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.1)_|
||_TOBACCO_|30|30|31|31|31|

26
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|24||10.8|10.8|10.5|10.5|10.5|
|||_(9.5)_|_(9.5)_|_(9.2)_|_(9.2)_|_(9.2)_|
|||93<br>|93<br>|93<br>|93<br>|93<br>|
|25|_SALT_|5.2|5.2|5.2|5.2|5.2|
|||_(1.5)_|_(1.5)_|_(1.5)_|_(1.5)_|_(1.5)_|
|||53|53|53|53|53|
|26|_ORES SLAG AND ASH_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||111|111|111|111|111|
|27|_MINERAL FUELS OILS_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||267|267|267|267|267|
|28|_INORGANIC CHEMICALS_|5.3|5.3|5.3|5.3|5.3|
|||_(1.5)_|_(1.5)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|
|||570<br>|570<br>|570<br>|570<br>|570<br>|
|29|_ORGANIC CHEMICALS_|5.1|5.2|5.3|5.2|5.1|
|||_(0.7)_|_(1.9)_|_(3.2)_|_(2.0)_|_(1.1)_|
|||79<br>|79<br>|79<br>|79<br>|79<br>|
|30||9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|
||_PHARMACEUTICAL PROD_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|
|||37<br>|37<br>|37<br>|37<br>|37<br>|
|31|_FERTILIZERS_|10.0|10.0|10.0|10.0|10.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||67|67|67|67|69|
|32|_TAN DYE EXTRACTS_|5.3|5.3|5.3|5.3|5.4|
||_,_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|_(2.2)_|
|||59|59|59|59|59|
|33|_ESSENTIAL OILS_|8.6|8.6|8.6|8.6|8.6|
|||_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|
|||36|36|36|38|38|
|34|_SOAPS LUBRICANTS_|12.8|12.8|13.1|12.5|12.6|
||_,_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.9)_|_(5.1)_|_(4.3)_|
|||35|35|35|35|35|
|35||5.0|5.3|5.5|5.6|5.6|
||_MODIFIED STARCHES_|_(0.0)_|_(1.2)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.9)_|_(2.1)_|
|||10|10|10|10|10|
|36|_Glues_|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
||_Pyrotechnic materials and products_|61|61|61|61|61|

27
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|37||11.8|11.8|11.8|11.8|11.8|
|||_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|
|||136|136|136|136|136|
|38||6.3|6.3|6.3|6.3|6.3|
||_MISC CHEMICAL PRODS_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|
|||279|281|277|281|287|
|39|_PLASTICS_|11.3|11.5|11.6|11.3|11.2|
|||_(3.7)_|_(5.7)_|_(6.4)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.6)_|
|||113|113|113|113|117|
|40|_RUBBER_|9.0|10.7|10.2|9.7|9.5|
|||_(5.8)_|_(16.2)_|_(12.0)_|_(9.3)_|_(9.2)_|
|||79|79|79|79|79|
|41|_RAW HIDES AND SKINS_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|42|_ARTICLES OF LEATHER_|39<br>36.4|39<br>34.6|39<br>36.4|39<br>32.6|39<br>28.0|
|||_(80.3)_|_(42.4)_|_(27.7)_|_(19.8)_|_(15.1)_|
|||111|111|111|111|111|
|43|_FURSKINS_|9.6|9.6|9.6|9.6|9.6|
|||_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|
|||173|173|170|170|170|
|44|_WOOD_|15.0|15.0|14.9|14.9|14.9|
|||_(2.3)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.2)_|
|||13|13|13|13|13|
|45|_CORK_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|46||12<br>200|12<br>200|12<br>200|12<br>200|12<br>200|
||_PLAITING MATERIALS_|.|.|.|.|.|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||23<br>|23<br>|23<br>|23<br>|25<br>|
|47|_PULP OF WOOD_|15.0|15.0|15.0|15.0|14.6|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(2.0)_|
|||212<br>|214<br>|213<br>|213<br>|213<br>|
|48||13.8|13.8|14.1|13.7|13.6|
||_PAPER & PAPERBOARD_|_(4.0)_|_(4.3)_|_(5.4)_|_(3.9)_|_(3.6)_|
|||27|27|27|27|27|
|49|_PAPER & PAPERBOARD_|6.1|6.1|6.1|6.1|6.1|
|||_(7.5)_|_(7.5)_|_(7.5)_|_(7.5)_|_(7.5)_|
||_SILK_|26|26|26|26|26|

28
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|50||5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||82<br>|82<br>|80<br>|80<br>|80<br>|
|51|_WOOL ANIMAL HAIR_|14.6|14.6|14.7|14.7|14.7|
||_,_|_(1.4)_|_(1.4)_|_(1.2)_|_(1.2)_|_(1.2)_|
|||162|162|162|162|162|
|52|_COTTON_|11.2|11.2|11.2|11.2|11.2|
|||_(5.1)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.1)_|
|||43|43|43|43|43|
|53|_VEGETABLE TEXTILE_|7.4|7.4|7.4|7.4|7.4|
|||_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|
|54|_MANMADE FILAMENTS_|89<br>10.3|89<br>10.3|89<br>10.3|89<br>10.3|89<br>10.3|
|||_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|
|||170<br>|170<br>|170<br>|170<br>|170<br>|
|55|_MANMADE STAPLE FIBRE_|7.9|7.9|7.9|7.9|7.9|
|||_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|
|||68<br>|68<br>|68<br>|68<br>|68<br>|
|56|_WADDING FELT_|14.9|8.8|8.8|9.0|8.9|
||_,_|_(48.7)_|_(5.2)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.0)_|
|||39<br>|39<br>|39<br>|39<br>|39<br>|
|57|_CARPETS_|21.2|23.8|23.0|21.2|20.1|
|||_(3.4)_|_(13.4)_|_(6.2)_|_(2.7)_|_(0.7)_|
|||56|56|56|56|56|
|58|_SPECIAL WOVEN_|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||43|43|38|38|38|
|59|_TEXTILE FAB COATED_|6.6|7.2|8.3|7.2|7.2|
|||_(3.7)_|_(5.7)_|_(9.7)_|_(4.6)_|_(4.4)_|
|||65|65|65|65|65|
|60|_KNITTED OR CROCHETED_|10.0|10.0|10.0|10.0|10.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||176|176|176|176|176|
|61||22.2|24.9|27.8|23.0|20.8|
||_ARTICLES OF APPAREL KNIT_|_(8.7)_|_(16.1)_|_(15.2)_|_(11.9)_|_(5.0)_|
|||204|204|204|204|204|
|62|_ARTICLES OF APPAREL_|24.3|25.8|29.4|21.6|20.8|
|||_(18.0)_|_(23.8)_|_(28.7)_|_(6.2)_|_(5.0)_|
||_OTHER TEXTILE ARTICLE_|94|94|94|94|94|

29
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|63||22.9|23.4|26.1|19.9|19.7|
|||_(16.5)_|_(14.1)_|_(31.6)_|_(7.5)_|_(5.9)_|
|||82<br>|82<br>|82<br>|82<br>|82<br>|
|64||24.2|32.2|22.2|31.6|26.5|
||_FOOTWEAR_|_(14.3)_|_(24.0)_|_(18.0)_|_(23.6)_|_(10.0)_|
|||22|22|22|22|22|
|65|_HATS_|20.0|20.4|20.7|20.0|20.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(2.0)_|_(3.3)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|66|_UMBRELLAS_|9<br>20.0|9<br>20.0|9<br>20.0|9<br>20.0|9<br>20.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|67|_BIRD SKIN FEATHERS_|8<br>23.1|8<br>24.6|8<br>26.8|8<br>23.1|8<br>22.5|
||_,_|_(6.8)_|_(9.4)_|_(13.2)_|_(6.0)_|_(5.2)_|
|68|_STONE PLASTER_|76<br>14.9|76<br>14.9|76<br>14.9|76<br>14.9|76<br>14.9|
||_,_|_(1.3)_|_(1.3)_|_(1.3)_|_(1.3)_|_(1.3)_|
|||51<br>|53<br>|52<br>|52<br>|52<br>|
|69|_CERAMIC PRODCTS_|18.8|19.0|18.7|18.4|18.9|
||_U_|_(5.2)_|_(9.7)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.0)_|_(4.1)_|
|||134|134|134|134|140|
|70|_GLASS AND GLASSWARE_|14.4|14.4|14.4|14.4|14.2|
|||_(1.8)_|_(1.9)_|_(1.9)_|_(1.9)_|_(2.5)_|
|||63|63|63|63|63|
|71|_Natural or cultured pearls precious or_|19.7|19.7|19.7|19.7|19.7|
||_,_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|
|||432|432|432|432|432|
|72|_STONE PLASTER_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||296|298|297|297|305|
|73||14.2|14.1|14.2|14.2|14.0|
||_Products from ferrous metals_|_(2.6)_|_(2.8)_|_(2.7)_|_(2.7)_|_(3.1)_|
|||69|69|69|69|69|
|74||5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_Cuprum and products of cuprum_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||18|18|18|18|18|
|75|_Nickel and products of nickel_|11.1|11.1|11.1|11.1|11.1|
|||_(5.0)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.0)_|
||_Aluminum and products of aluminum_|65|65|65|65|65|

30
|**HS**||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|<br>**code**<br>|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|76||15.1|15.0|15.3|15.4|15.1|
|||_(5.0)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.4)_|_(5.0)_|
|||13<br>|13<br>|13<br>|13<br>|13<br>|
|78||5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_Lead and its products_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||12|12|12|12|12|
|79|_Zinc and its products_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|80|_Tin and its products_|8<br>5.0|8<br>5.5|8<br>12.9|8<br>5.5|8<br>5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(1.3)_|_(9.1)_|_(1.4)_|_(0.0)_|
|||78|78|78|78|78|
|81|_Non-ferrous metals, cermets and their_|14.2|14.2|14.2|14.2|14.2|
||_products_|_(2.7)_|_(2.7)_|_(2.7)_|_(2.7)_|_(2.7)_|
|||108<br>|108<br>|108<br>|108<br>|108<br>|
|82|_TOOLS AND CUTLERY_|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|9.2|
|||_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|
|||50<br>|50<br>|50<br>|50<br>|58<br>|
|83||19.8|19.8|19.4|19.4|18.3|
||_Other metallic products_|_(1.0)_|_(1.0)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.2)_|_(4.9)_|
|||1,136|1,150|1,134|1,168|1,205|
|84|_MACHINERY/APPLIANCES_|7.8|7.7|7.8|7.7|7.4|
|||_(4.1)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|
|||745|745|735|739|787|
|85|_Electrical equipment, audio- and video_|11.7|11.7|11.7|11.7|11.1|
||_equipment_|_(8.2)_|_(9.7)_|_(9.7)_|_(11.7)_|_(9.6)_|
|||41|47|44|44|44|
|86|_Railroad locomotives and cars_|7.2|6.6|7.0|7.0|7.0|
|||_(3.4)_|_(3.6)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.3)_|
|||249|283|266|266|272|
|87|_EHILE AD PART_|12.1|19.1|26.0|20.2|18.6|
||_VCS N S_|_(7.1)_|_(44.8)_|_(90.7)_|_(42.6)_|_(38.7)_|
|||36|36|36|36|36|
|88||15.4|15.4|15.4|15.4|15.4|
||_Aircrafts_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|
|||39|39|39|39|39|
|89|_Boats, ships_|12.2|12.2|12.2|12.2|12.2|
|||_(7.1)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.1)_|
||_Optical equipment_|320|320|317|317|321|

31
|||||Year|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**HS**|||||||
|**code**|**_Type of products_**|2001|2002|2003|2004|2005|
|**2 digits**|||||||
|90||8.0|8.0|8.0|8.0|8.0|
|||_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|
|||63|63|63|63|65|
|91|_CLOCKS AND WATCHES_|27.3|27.8|28.4|27.1|27.9|
|||_(26.0)_|_(27.9)_|_(21.1)_|_(26.9)_|_(27.2)_|
|||33|33|33|33|33|
|92|_MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS_|7.4|7.4|7.4|7.4|7.4|
|||_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|
|||30|30|30|30|30|
|93|_ARMS AND AMMUNITION_|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|20.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||104|104|107|107|111|
|94|_FURNITURE LIGHTING_|22.0|20.7|21.3|21.9|20.6|
||_,_|_(9.8)_|_(14.0)_|_(13.4)_|_(14.1)_|_(12.7)_|
|||81|81|81|81|81|
|95|_Tos and sort oods_|15.5|15.5|15.5|15.5|15.5|
||_y p g_|_(2.0)_|_(2.0)_|_(2.0)_|_(2.0)_|_(2.0)_|
|||72|72|72|72|74|
|96|_MISCELLANEOUS MANUFA_|19.1|19.1|19.5|19.1|18.9|
|||_(3.6)_|_(3.6)_|_(4.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(4.1)_|
|||7|7|7|7|7|
|97|_WORKS OF ART COLLEC_|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0|
||_,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|Notes:|_a Number of lines at 10-digit level_||||||
||_b Simple average over all lines in the su_|_bcategory_|||||
||_c Standard deviation over all lines in the_|_subcategory_|||||

32
**Table A2.    List of product lines at 10 digit level with MFN tariff rates higher than 50% in 2005**

|**Code 10**<br>**digits**|**Product Description**|**MFN**<br>**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|1604309090|other ready-to-eat or canned roe other than sturgeon caviar and salmon roe, roe substitutes|469.7|
|2208903800|liquor made of plum, pear or cherry, in bottles with volume more then 2 liters|383.6|
|8703239022|other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines with<br>capacity greater than 1800 cub. cm but not more than 2300 cub. cm manufactured more than 7<br>years ago|<br>277.5|
|8703239011|other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines with<br>capacity greater than 1500 cub. cm but not more than 1800 cub. cm manufactured more than 7<br>years ago|<br>266.5|
|8703329091|used motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel<br>or semidiesel) with capacity greater than 1500 cub. cm but not more than 2500 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago|251.3|
|8703339091|other used motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion engines<br>(diesel or semidiesel) with capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7<br>years ago|233.3|
|8703239027|other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines<br>with capacity greater than 2300 cub. cm but not more than 3000 cub. cm manufactured<br>more than 7 years ago|208.6|
|1701991001|white sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents|208.5|
|9101120000|electric watches, with or without a built-in stop-watch, with optoelectronic display only,<br>with a case made from a precious metal or metal plated with а precious metalv|198.5|
|8703319091|other motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel<br>or semidiesel) with capacity of not more than 1500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7<br>years ago|196.8|
|8703249091|other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines<br>with capacity greater than 3000 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years ago|181.4|
|8703229091|other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion engines<br>with capacity greater than 1000 cub. cm but not more than 1500 cub. cm manufactured<br>more than 7 years ago|163.3|
|8524530002|other pre-recorded magnetic tapes more than 6.5mm wide|198.0|
|1701991009|white sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents|196.2|
|8702101921|buses designed for carrying 120 or more persons, driver inclusive, with compression-ignition<br>internal combustion engines (diesel or semidiesel) with capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago|<br>138.4|
|2207200000|non-denaturated ethyl and other alcohols, of any concentration|100.0|
|9105110000|electric alarmclocksnot intendedforpersonalwearorportable use|102.4|

33
|**Code 10**<br>**digits**|**Product Description**|**MFN**<br>**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|2207100000|non-denaturated ethyl alcohol with alcohol concentration of 80 vol. % or higher|100.0|
|0203211009|other frozen homegrown pig carcasses and half-carcasses|104.0|
|0203121109|other unboned homegrown pig joints and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|111.9|
|1701999009|other sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, other than white raw sugar|122.3|
|1701999001|other sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, other than white raw sugar|110.5|
|1701119008|cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents**,**not for purification|113.8|
|1701111008|cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents**,**for purification|112.3|
|1605201000|ready-to-eat or canned shrimps and prawns in sealed packages|103.4|
|1604309010|ready-to-eat or canned salmon roe (red caviar)|105.2|
|8523130002|magnetic tapes, more than 6.5 mm but less then 100 mm wide|98.1|
|1605209900|other shrimps and prawns, ready-to-eat or canned, in original packages with a net weight of<br>more than 2 kg|99.4|
|1605100000|cooked canned crabs|97.1|
|0203219009|other frozen carcasses and half-carcasses of other pigs (other than homegrown)|91.0|
|0202100009|other frozen cattle carcasses and half-carcasses|90.5|
|1701111009|raw cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, for refining: at an average<br>monthly price of not less than US$198.43 per ton at the New York Commodity Exchange|93.5|
|1605209100|other shrimps and prawns, ready-to-eat or canned, in original packages with a net weight of<br>not more than 2 kg|93.3|
|2208208900|other liquors produced as a result of distillation of grape wine or pressing, in containers<br>with a capacity of more than 2 l|85.1|
|2203001000|malt beer, in containers with a capacity of more than 10 l|88.0|
|0203295909|other frozen parts of homegrown pigs, other than boned|86.8|
|0203221109|other frozen unboned homegrown pig joints and cuts thereof|87.4|
|1701119009|raw cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, not for refining: at an<br>average monthly price of not less than US$198.43 per ton at the New York Commodity<br>Exchange|89.8|
|1604110000|ready-to-eat or canned salmon products, whole cooked or in pieces, other than stuffed|89.6|
|9103900000|other timepieces not intended for personal wear or portable use, with clockwork<br>mechanisms for timepieces intended for portable use or personal wear, other than<br>timepieces under commodity item 9104, other than electric|80.3|
|4203299900|gloves made of natural or artificial leather, other then for men|84.7|

34
|**Code 10**<br>**digits**|**Product Description**|**MFN**<br>**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|4012209000|other used pneumatic tires|83.3|
|2202901001|alcohol-free beer not containing the products under commodity items 0401-0404 or fats<br>obtained from the products under commodity items 0401-0404|82.3|
|0203299009|other frozen pork (other than homegrown pig meat)|80.0|
|0203295509|other frozen boned parts of homegrown pigs|80.0|
|0203291509|other frozen streaked homegrown pig briskets and cuts thereof|81.6|
|0203291309|other unboned frozen homegrown pig loins and cuts thereof|80.0|
|0203291109|other frozen homegrown pig shoulder butts and cuts thereof|82.8|
|0203229009|other unboned frozen joints, shoulders and cuts of other pigs (other than homegrown ones)|80.0|
|0203221909|other frozen unboned homegrown pig shoulders and cuts thereof|80.0|
|0203199009|other fresh or chilled pork (other than homegrown pig meat)|80.0|
|0203195909|other homegrown pig meat, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203195509|other boned parts of homegrown pigs, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191509|other streaked homegrown pig briskets and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191309|other unboned homegrown pig loins and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191109|other homegrown pig shoulder butts and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203129009|other unboned joints, shoulders and cuts of other pigs (other than homegrown ones), fresh<br>or chilled|80.0|
|0203121909|other unboned homegrown pig shoulders and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203119009|other carcasses or half-carcasses of other pigs, other than homegrown, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203111009|other fresh and chilled homegrown pig carcasses and half-carcasses|80.0|
|0203000100|malt beer, bottled, with container capacity of 10 l or less|79.9|
|0209009000|unrendered, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, pickled, dried, smoked poultry fat|77.8|
|0206210000|frozen cattle tongues|70.1|
|1602311100|ready-to-eat or canned turkey meat under commodity item 0105 with raw meat content of<br>57% wt. or higher|74.7|
|9404300000|sleeping bags|66.5|
|9105190000|other alarm clocks not intended for personal wear or portable use|68.6|
|8702101991|other motor vehicles designed for carrying 10 or more persons, driver inclusive, with<br>compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel or semidiesel) with capacity<br>greaterthan 2500 cub. cm manufacturedmore than7 years ago|68.1|

35
|**Code 10**<br>**digits**|**Product Description**|**MFN**<br>**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|6203221000|men's or boys' working and professional sets made from cotton yarn, other than knitted|65.7|
|2203000900|other malt beer in containers with a capacity of 10 l or less, other than bottles|69.0|
|0202309009|other frozen boned cattle meat|65.2|
|1905311100|other men's or boys' sets made from man-made yarn, other than knitted, other than working<br>and professional|68.9|
|1806905002|confectionery, toffees, candies and similar cocoa-containing sweets|67.0|
|1602319000|other cooked or canned food of turkey|66.8|
|9404100000|mattress frames|63.5|
|0808109004|other apple varieties|62.1|
|0808105004|Granny Smith fresh apples|61.6|
|0808102004|Golden Delicious fresh apples|61.1|
|0202305009|other frozen boned cattle shoulder, neck and shoulder part and brisket|64.1|
|0202305003|boneless meet of bovine animals, frozen|60.0|
|0202301009|other boned front quarters, whole or cut into not more than five pieces, with each quarter<br>representing one block; with the "compensated" quarters representing two blocks one of<br>which contains the front quarter, whole or cut into not more than five pieces, with the other<br>containing the hind quarter, except for the tenderloin, in one piece|63.5|
|0202209009|other frozen unboned cattle cuts|60.0|
|0202205009|other frozen unboned, uncut or cut hind cattle quarters|61.4|
|0202203009|other frozen unboned, uncut or cut front cattle quarters|60.0|
|0202201009|other frozen unboned "compensated" cattle quarters|60.0|
|0201300009|other boned cattle meat, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201209009|other unboned cattle cuts, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201205009|other unboned, uncut or cut hind cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201203009|other unboned, uncut or cut front cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201203001|other cuts with bone in of meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201202009|other unboned "compensated" cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201100009|other cattle carcasses and half-carcasses, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|1602329000|other ready-to-eat or canned poultry products made from GALLUS DOMESTICUS,<br>commodity item 0105|64.4|

36
|**Code 10**<br>**digits**|**Product Description**|**MFN**<br>**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|1602323000|ready-to-eat or canned poultry products made from GALLUS DOMESTICUS, commodity<br>item 0105, containing 25% wt. or more, but less than 57% wt. of poultry meat or giblets|64.4|
|9404211000|mattresses made of porous rubber, with or without cover|57.7|
|9403500001|other furniture for bedroom made of wood that cost less than 1,8 Euro per 1 kg|56.2|
|9102990000|other watches intended for personal wear or portable use, stop-watches inclusive, other than<br>watches and stop-watches under commodity item 9101|58.7|
|8539293000|other incandescent lamps for motorcycles or other motor vehicles|56.3|
|8470500000|cashpoints|57.7|
|6402995000|slippers and other home footwear with a plastic top and a sole|58.4|
|1704109900|other chewing gum (other than in sticks) with sucrose content of 60% wt. or higher (including<br>invert sugar in terms of sucrose)|<br>56.7|
|1602398000|other ready-to-eat or canned poultry products under commodity item 0105|56.5|
|9404291000|spring-loaded mattresses made of other materials|53.9|
|9403609001|other furniture made of wood that cost less then 1,8 Euro per 1Kg|52.5|
|9103100000|electric timepieces not intended for portable use or personal wear, with clockwork<br>mechanisms for timepieces intended for portable use or personal wear, other than timepieces<br>under commodity item 9104|54.9|
|6405209100|slippers and other home footwear with a top made from textile materials and a sole made from<br>other materials|<br>52.8|
|6404191000|slippers and other home footwear with a rubber or plastic sole and a textile top|51.0|
|6309000000|used clothes and other items|53.5|
|6116920000|other knitted gloves, mittens from cotton yarn, machine- or hand-knitted|51.3|
|4203210000|gloves or mittens from natural or composite leather intended specifically for sports use|51.2|
|3926909909|other stuff made of plastic and other materials that belong to the HS code group 3901-<br>3914|51.8|
|0207269900|Poultry not cut in pieces, frozen<br>other read-to-eat or canned roducts from liver of all animals other than duck and oose|50.3|
|1602209000|y p , g<br>Prepared food made of liver|50.6|
|1601001000||52.0|

37
# **Table A3.  List of product lines at 6 digit Harmonized System level with  MFN tariff rates higher than 30% in 2003**

|**6 digit HS**|**Description of the product line**|**MFN tariff**|
|---|---|---|
|**code**||**rate**|
|160430|Caviar and caviar substitutes|280|
|160530|Lobster|171|
|160520|Shrimps and prawns|153|
|391890|Of other plastics|141|
|220300|Beer made from malt.|138|
|620329|Ensembles :-- Of other textile materials|117|
|910291|Other :-- Electrically operated|112|
|630900|Worn clothing and other worn articles.|109|
|621131|Other garments, men's or boys' :-- Of wool or fine animal hair|105|
|220710|Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of 80 % vol or<br>high|100|
|220720|<br>Ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength|100|
|30541|Smoked fish, including fillets :-- Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka,<br>Oncorhync|98|
|870323|<br>Other vehicles, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston eng|96|
|620792|Other :-- Of man-made fibres|94|
|940410|Mattress supports|94|
|910299|Other|86|
|910212|Wrist-watches, electrically operated, whether or not incorporating a stop-watch|85|
|870331|Other vehicles, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine<br>(die|85|
|640590|Other|82|
|420321|Gloves, mittens and mitts :-- Specially designed for use in sports|82|
|910511|Alarm clocks :-- Electrically operated|80|
|590410|Linoleum|79|
|170199|Other|79|
|611692|Other :-- Of cotton|77|
|640520|With uppers of textile materials|75|
|610423|Ensembles :-- Of synthetic fibres|75|
|420329|Gloves, mittens and mitts :-- Other|74|
|940430|Sleeping bags|73|
|620322|Ensembles :-- Of cotton|73|
|910519|Alarm clocks :-- Other|72|
|870290|Other|70|
|621290|Other|70|
|910112|Wrist-watches, electrically operated, whether or not incorporating a stop-watch|70|
|853929|Other filament lamps, excluding ultra-violet or infra-red lamps :-- Other|67|
|620819|Slips and petticoats :-- Of other textile materials|66|
|870332|Other vehicles, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine<br>|64|
||(die||
|401220|<br>Used pneumatic tyres|63|
|160411|Fish, whole or in pieces, but not minced :-- Salmon|62|
|870333|Other vehicles, with compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine<br>(die|61|
|290721|<br>Polyphenols :-- Resorcinol and its salts|61|
|870321|Other vehicles, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston eng|61|
|910310|Electrically operated|58|
|160540|Other crustaceans|58|
|870324|Other vehicles,with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston eng|56|

38
|**6 digit HS**|**Description of the product line**|**MFN tariff**|
|---|---|---|
|**code**||**rate**|
|611610|Impregnated, coated or covered with plastics or rubber|56|
|670210|Of plastics|54|
|910191|Other :-- Electrically operated|54|
|910521|Wall clocks :-- Electrically operated|54|
|420212|Trunks, suit-cases, vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases, school satchels|54|
|640219|Sports footwear :-- Other|54|
|910390|Other|53|
|620892|Other :-- Of man-made fibres|53|
|160220|Of liver of any animal|52|
|870322|Other vehicles, with spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston eng|52|
|611511|Panty hose and tights :- Panty hose and tights :-- Of synthetic fibres, measurin|52|
|610469|Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts :-- Of other textile mater|51|
|160232|Of poultry of heading No. 01.05 :-- Of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus|51|
|420292|Other :-- With outer surface of plastic sheeting or of textile materials|51|
|170410|Chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated|51|
|611520|Women's full-length or knee-length hosiery, measuring per single yarn less than|51|
|610230|Of man-made fibres|50|
|630229|Other bed linen, printed :-- Of other textile materials|50|
|20621|Of bovine animals, frozen :-- Tongues|50|
|291814|Carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other oxygen function, their|50|
|640291|Other footwear :-- Covering the ankle|50|
|620510|Of wool or fine animal hair|50|
|160231|Of poultry of heading No. 01.05 :-- Of turkeys|49|
|20311|Fresh or chilled :-- Carcasses and half-carcasses|49|
|20312|Fresh or chilled :-- Hams, shoulders and cuts thereof, with bone in|49|
|852313|Magnetic tapes :-- Of a width exceeding 6.5 mm|48|
|620422|Ensembles :-- Of cotton|48|
|940380|Furniture of other materials, including cane, osier, bamboo or similar materials|48|
|610712|Underpants and briefs :-- Of man-made fibres|48|
|640299|Other footwear :-- Other|48|
|910591|Other :-- Electrically operated|46|
|620112|Overcoats, raincoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks and similar articles :-- Of cotto|46|
|610130|Of man-made fibres|46|
|430310|Articles of apparel and clothing accessories|46|
|610312|Suits :-- Of synthetic fibres|45|
|611720|Ties, bow ties and cravats|45|
|630299|Other :-- Of other textile materials|45|
|640199|Other footwear :-- Other|45|
|910529|Wall clocks :-- Other|45|
|20321|Frozen :-- Carcasses and half-carcasses|45|
|620423|Ensembles :-- Of synthetic fibres|45|
|847050|<br>Cash registers|45|
|640419|Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics :-- Other|44|
|420219|Trunks, suit-cases, vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases, school satchels|44|
|620711|<br>Underpants and briefs :-- Of cotton|44|
|420239|Articles of a kind normally carried in the pocket or in the handbag :-- Other|44|
|570410|Tiles, having a maximum surface area of 0.3 mý|44|
|160239|<br>Of poultry of heading No. 01.05 :-- Other|44|
|620339|Jackets and blazers :-- Of other textile materials|44|
|180690|Other|43|
|961310|Pocket lighters, gas fuelled, non-refillable|43|
|20329|Frozen :-- Other|42|
|852311|Magnetic tapes :-- Of a width not exceeding4 mm|42|

39
|**6 digit HS**|**Description of the product line**|**MFN tariff**|
|---|---|---|
|**code**||**rate**|
|20319|Fresh or chilled :-- Other|42|
|630240|Table linen, knitted or crocheted|42|
|20900|Pig fat, free of lean meat, and poultry fat, not rendered or otherwise extracted|42|
|180610|<br>Cocoa powder, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter|42|
|20714|Of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus :-- Cuts and offal, frozen|41|
|160249|Of swine :-- Other, including mixtures|41|
|640510|With uppers of leather or composition leather|41|
|610719|Underpants and briefs :-- Of other textile materials|40|
|670290|Of other materials|40|
|620113|Overcoats, raincoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks and similar articles :-- Of man-m|40|
|481410|Ingrain paper|40|
|20322|Frozen :-- Hams, shoulders and cuts thereof, with bone in|39|
|20727|Of turkeys :-- Cuts and offal, frozen|39|
|60310|Fresh|39|
|620530|Of man-made fibres|39|
|80810|Apples|38|
|420310|Articles of apparel|38|
|611790|Parts|38|
|630140|Blankets (other than electric blankets) and travelling rugs, of synthetic fibres|38|
|401110|Of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars)|38|
|611212|Track suits :-- Of synthetic fibres|38|
|640220|Footwear with upper straps or thongs assembled to the sole by means of plugs|38|
|620192|Other :-- Of cotton|38|
|610590|Of other textile materials|38|
|610791|Other :-- Of cotton|38|
|20110|Carcasses and half-carcasses|38|
|<br>640192|<br>Other footwear :-- Covering the ankle but not covering the knee|<br>37|
|640420|Footwear with outer soles of leather or composition leather|37|
|160100|Sausages and similar products, of meat, meat offal or blood; food preparations b|37|
|630190|Other blankets and travelling rugs|37|
|620791|Other :-- Of cotton|37|
|610329|Suits :-- Of other textile materials|37|
|481490|Other|37|
|170290|Other, including invert sugar|36|
|610333|Jackets and blazers :-- Of synthetic fibres|36|
|160510<br>|Crab<br>|36<br>|
|640399|Other footwear :-- Other|36|
|620990|Of other textile materials|36|
|620442|Dresses :-- Of cotton|36|
|620413|Suits :-- Of synthetic fibres|35|
|570259|Other, not of pile construction, not made up :-- Of other textile materials|35|
|611519|Panty hose and tights :-- Of other textile materials|35|
|640330|Footwear made on a base or platform of wood, not having an inner sole or a<br>rote|35|
|610711|p<br>Underpants and briefs :-- Of cotton|35|
|850710|Lead-acid, of a kind used for starting piston engines|35|
|420299|<br>Other|35|
|610811|Slips and petticoats :-- Of man-made fibres|35|
|940190|Parts|34|
|220290|Other|34|
|620219|Overcoats, raincoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks and similar articles :-- Of other|34|
|610721|Nightshirts and pyjamas :-- Of cotton|34|
|940490|Other|34|

40
|**6 digit HS**<br>**code**|**Description of the product line**|**MFN tariff**<br>**rate**|
|---|---|---|
|640320|Footwear with outer soles of leather, and uppers which consist of leather straps|34|
|20733|Of ducks, geese or guinea fowls :-- Not cut in pieces, frozen|34|
|620343|Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts :-- Of synthetic fibres|33|
|570490|Other|33|
|610729|Nightshirts and pajamas :-- Of other textile materials|33|
|611592|Other :-- Of cotton|33|
|420222|Handbags, whether or not with shoulder strap, including those without handle :--|33|
|630239|Other bed linen :-- Of other textile materials|33|
|20130|Boneless|33|
|481420|Wallpaper and similar wall coverings, consisting of paper coated or covered, on|33|
|610322|Suits :-- Of cotton|33|
|630259|Other table linen :-- Of other textile materials|33|
|620193|Other :-- Of man-made fibres|33|
|160250|Of bovine animals|33|
|392610|Office or school supplies|32|
|910599|Other|32|
|20726|Of turkeys :-- Cuts and offal, fresh or chilled|32|
|620930|Of synthetic fibres|32|
|20230|Boneless|32|
|611710|Shawls, scarves, mufflers, mantillas, veils and the like|32|
|630311|Knitted or crocheted :-- Of cotton|32|
|620292|Other :-- Of cotton|32|
|620891|Other :-- Of cotton|31|
|620640|Of man-made fibres|31|
|620212|Overcoats, raincoats, car-coats, capes, cloaks and similar articles :-- Of cotto|31|
|640391|Other footwear :-- Covering the ankle|31|
|610120|Of cotton|31|
|610190|Of other textile materials|31|
|150710|Crude oil, whether or not degummed|31|
|20220|Other cuts with bone in|31|
|420330|Belts and bandoliers|31|
|650692|Other :-- Of furskin|31|
|620342|Trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts :-- Of cotton|31|
|420232|Articles of a kind normally carried in the pocket or in the handbag :-- With out|30|
|611512|Panty hose and tights :- Panty hose and tights :-- Of synthetic fibres, measurin<br>|30|
|620432|Jackets and blazers :-- Of cotton|30|
|610821|Briefs and panties :-- Of cotton|30|
|20120|<br>Other cuts with bone in|30|
|630260|Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of terry towelling or similar terry fabrics, of|30|
|220860|<br>Vodka|30|
|20210|Carcasses and half-carcasses|30|
|240210|Cigars, cheroots and cigarillos, containing tobacco|30|
|240220|Cigarettes containing tobacco|30|
|240290|Other|30|

41
# **Appendix B:  Estimated collected tariff rates**

**Table B1.   Summary statistics of estimated collected import tariff rates in Russia in 2001-2005**<sup>**_(a)_**</sup>

|Year|Tariff|Observations|M|ean<br>|Standard|Deviation<br>|imum<br>ate|imum<br>ate|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||Simple|Trade<br>weighted|Simple|Trade<br>weighted|Min<br>r|Max<br>r|
|2001|_Actual MFN tariff rate_|11,076|10.5|10.6|10.4|8.9|0|518|
|2002|_Actual MFN tariff rate_|11,148|11.0|12.7|12.7|14.6|0|388|
|2003|_Actual MFN tariff rate_|11,161|11.5|13.5|16.3|17.5|0|939|
|2004|_Actual MFN tariff rate_|11,218|11.2|13.4|12.8|16.5|0|293|
|2005|_Actual MFN tariff rate_|11,365|11.0|13.3|12.1|14.7|0|384|

Notes: _(a) Table 1 presents summary statistics at the ten digit level_ 42
**Table B2.   Distribution of estimated collected tariff rates in Russia in 2001-2005**

||||**_200_**|**_1_**|**_200_**|**_2_**|**_20_**|**_03_**|**_200_**|**_4_**|**_200_**|**_5_**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Actua _**|**_l rate ra_**|**_nge, %_**|_Frequencya_|_Percentb_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|_Frequency_|_Percent_|
|_0_|_to <_|_5_|2,285|20.63|2,357|21.14|2,305|20.65|2,400|21.39|2,378|20.92|
|_5_|_to <_|_10_|3,223|29.1|3,228|28.96|3,272|29.32|3,213|28.64|3,280|28.86|
|_10_|_to <_|_15_|2,228|20.12|2,214|19.86|2,185|19.58|2,253|20.08|2,261|19.89|
|_15_|_to <_|_20_|2,174|19.63|2,022|18.14|2,028|18.17|2,012|17.94|2,127|18.72|
|_20_|_to <_|_25_|850|7.67|889|7.97|824|7.38|854|7.61|871|7.66|
|_25_|_to <_|_30_|157|1.42|186|1.67|194|1.74|181|1.61|178|1.57|
|_30_|_to <_|_35_|47|0.42|79|0.71|66|0.59|84|0.75|75|0.66|
|_35_|_to <_|_40_|16|0.14|38|0.34|77|0.69|48|0.43|46|0.4|
|_40_|_to <_|_45_|30|0.27|35|0.31|49|0.44|33|0.29|27|0.24|
|_45_|_to <_|_50_|18|0.16|21|0.19|26|0.23|17|0.15|24|0.21|
|_50_|_to <_|_55_|7|0.06|9|0.08|19|0.17|17|0.15|13|0.11|
|_55_|_to <_|_60_|6|0.05|9|0.08|19|0.17|14|0.12|6|0.05|
|_60_|_to <_|_65_|2|0.02|6|0.05|17|0.15|21|0.19|18|0.16|
|_65_|_to <_|_70_|5|0.05|9|0.08|9|0.08|3|0.03|3|0.03|
|_70_|_to <_|_75_|2|0.02|2|0.02|10|0.09|4|0.04|2|0.02|
|_75_|_to <_|_80_|4|0.04|6|0.05|2|0.02|9|0.08|2|0.02|
|_80_|_to <_|_85_|4|0.04|7|0.06|14|0.13|16|0.14|18|0.16|
|_85_|_to <_|_90_|1|0.01|2|0.02|4|0.04|2|0.02|4|0.04|
|_90_|_to <_|_95_|2|0.02|1|0.01|3|0.03|1|0.01|3|0.03|
|_95_|_to <_|_100_|1|0.01|2|0.02|4|0.04|0|0|3|0.03|
|_100_|_to <_|_150_|11|0.1|11|0.1|18|0.16|16|0.14|14|0.12|
|_150_|_to <_|_200_|1|0.01|6|0.05|4|0.04|12|0.11|5|0.04|
|_200_|_to <_|_250_|0|0|1|0.01|3|0.03|3|0.03|2|0.02|
|_250_|_to <_|_300_|0|0|4|0.04|2|0.02|5|0.04|3|0.03|
|_300_|_to <_|_350_|0|0|3|0.03|5|0.04|0|0|1|0.01|
|_350_|_to <_|_400_|0|0|1|0.01|1|0.01|0|0|1|0.01|
|_400_|_to <_|_450_|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|_450_|_to <_|_500_|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
||_>_|_500_|0|0|0|0|1|0.01|0|0|0|0|
|||**_Total_**|11,076|100|11,148|100|11,160|100|11,218|100|11,365|100|

_Notes: a Number of lines at 10-digit level b Percentage out of total number of product lines_ 43
# **Table B3.    Average ad valorem equivalent of the specific collected tariff rates by industry tariff rates by industry** <u>a</u>

||**_20_**|**_01_**|**_20_**|**_02_**|**_Ye_**<br>**_20_**|**_ar_**<br>**_03_**|**_20_**|**_04_**|**_20_**|**_05_**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Industry_**|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|_Un-_<br>_weighted_|_Trade_<br>_weighted_|
|_Non-ferrous_|||2.7|2.7|15.9|15.5|5.7|16.0|4.6|15.3|
|_metallurgy_|||_(8.6)_|_(0.0)_|_(5.9)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.7)_|_(4.2)_||_(7.3)_|
|_Chemicals and_<br>_etrochemicals_|20.4|15.0|34.6|24.6|37.2|25.0|32.4|20.2|29.6|21.4|
|_p_|_(26.2)_|_(13.5)_|_(39.2)_|_(29.9)_|_(39.1)_|_(23.3)_|_(43.5)_|_(16.7)_|_(38.8)_|_(11.2)_|
|_Mechanical_<br>_engineering and_|23.5|21.7|43.0|27.5|52.0|24.6|42.3|26.4|38.6|27.9|
|_metal-working_|_(29.6)_|_(18.0)_|_(70.9)_|_(40.9)_|_(111.4)_|_(25.6)_|_(63.4)_|_(16.0)_|_(58.7)_|_(17.5)_|
|_Timber, wood,_|||||||||||
|_pulp_|20.1|19.5|24.7|25.0|29.2|29.1|29.3|28.0|26.4|26.9|
|_and paper_|_(10.5)_|_(5.5)_|_(14.0)_|_(5.8)_|_(15.0)_|_(10.3)_|_(15.3)_|_(10.6)_|_(12.7)_|_(9.8)_|
|_Construction_<br>_materials_|16.4|16.3|20.3|18.8|19.1|22.8|16.1|21.7|17.0|22.5|
||_(9.3)_|_(3.8)_|_(17.0)_|_(3.5)_|_(13.3)_|_(5.8)_|_(6.7)_|_(4.1)_|_(6.7)_|_(3.6)_|
|_Light industry_|15.6|13.0|19.7|20.2|23.8|23.6|17.2|18.5|14.8|16.2|
||_(31.3)_|_(12.4)_|_(22.4)_|_(15.4)_|_(25.5)_|_(13.5)_|_(13.9)_|_(8.9)_|_(8.7)_|_(6.9)_|
|_Food industry_|17.9|19.3|17.6|26.5|21.2|37.7|22.2|33.2|22.1|31.9|
||_(15.2)_|_(9.7)_|_(21.6)_|_(17.8)_|_(24.0)_|_(35.5)_|_(27.3)_|_(39.8)_|_(28.2)_|_(31.6)_|
|_Other industries_|31.4|34.0|46.3|41.4|44.5|46.4|32.5|34.0|31.5|31.9|
||_(9.8)_|_(6.4)_|_(16.0)_|_(10.4)_|_(8.6)_|_(7.3)_|_(20.7)_|_(7.5)_|_(19.0)_|_(7.5)_|
|_Agriculture and_<br>_forestry_|31.2|51.8|20.8|17.2|22.9|19.4|20.3|17.3|18.9|15.4|
||_(28.1)_|_(14.6)_|_(12.9)_|_(12.4)_|_(14.2)_|_(13.8)_|_(12.1)_|_(11.0)_|_(13.2)_|_(10.6)_|
|_Other goods-_|||||||||||
|_producing_|24.4|109.2|23.5|78.8|23.5|65.0|20.7|50.6|15.5|29.8|
|_sectors_|_(48.8)_|_(39.2)_|_(37.3)_|_(37.8)_|_(42.1)_|_(51.4)_|_(27.9)_|_(32.6)_|_(19.1)_|_(23.1)_|

_Note:_ _a Ad valorem equivalent of the specific tariff is_ **_(specific taiff rate*100)/(unit value)_** _. Summary statistics is calculated for non-zero specific tariffs only. b Standard deviations in parentheses_ 44
# **-** **<u>Table B4.    Average estimated collected tariff rates in Russia in 2001 2005 at industry level</u>**<sup>**a**</sup>

||||||**_Year_**<br>|<br>|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_20_**|**_1_**|**_20_**|**_2_**|**_20_**|**_03_**|**_2_**|**_04_**|**_2_**|**_05_**|
|**_Industry_**|_mean_|_weighted_<br>_mean_|_mean_|_weighted_<br>_mean_|_mean_|_weighted_<br>_mean_|_mean_|_weighted_<br>_mean_|_mean_|_weighted_<br>_mean_|
|_Electric industry_|2.0|2.0|3.2|3.2|2.6|2.6|2.6|2.6|2.0|2.0|
|<br>||_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_||_(0.0)_|
|_Oil extraction_|1.7|0.0|1.7|0.0|1.7|0.0|0.0|0.9|0.3||
|<br>|_(2.9)_|_(0.0)_|_(2.9)_|_(0.0)_|_(2.9)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.5)_||
|_Oil processing_|4.9|4.5|4.6|4.7|4.6|4.7|4.9|4.8|4.7|4.8|
|<br>|_(0.5)_|_(0.6)_|_(1.8)_|_(0.7)_|_(1.4)_|_(0.6)_|_(1.4)_|_(0.6)_|_(1.6)_|_(0.6)_|
|_Gas_|5.0|5.0|5.0|4.5|5.0|4.2|4.3||3.9||
||_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(1.2)_|_(0.0)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_||_(2.1)_||
|_Coalmining_|2.2|3.0|2.5|4.6|2.2|4.9|1.7|2.3|2.2|0.9|
|<br>|_(2.5)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.6)_|_(0.8)_|_(2.5)_|_(0.5)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.4)_|_(1.4)_|
|_Other fuel_<br>_industries_|4.9|4.9|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|<br>|_(0.2)_|_(0.1)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|_Ferrous metallur_|5.4|6.2|6.0|7.1|5.9|7.9|5.9|9.1|6.0|8.5|
|_gy_<br>|_(5.)_|_(4.5)_|_(5.2)_|_(4.9)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.9)_|_(5.2)_|_(6.5)_|_(5.)_|_(6.2)_|
|_Non-ferrous_<br>|9.0|11.3|8.8|12.9|9.0|13.7|8.7|13.8|8.7|13.2|
|_metallurgy_|_(6.9)_|_(7.1)_|_(6.8)_|_(7.4)_|_(7.)_|_(7.)_|_(6.9)_|_(6.9)_|_(6.8)_|_(7.)_|
|_Chemicals and_|7.2|8.1|7.5|8.7|7.6|8.8|7.5|8.8|7.4|8.7|
|_petrochemicals_|_(5.1)_|_(4.9)_|_(7.1)_|_(8.2)_|_(7.5)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.6)_|_(5.9)_|_(7.)_|_(5.1)_|
|Mhil|||||||||||
|ecanca<br>engineering|9.4|9.2|10.1|9.9|10.6|9.9|10.1|11.9|9.8|12.2|
|_and metal-working_|_(7.7)_|_(8.5)_|_(16.)_|_(15.7)_|_(23.6)_|_(11.)_|_(14.9)_|_(11.4)_|_(13.8)_|_(12.2)_|
|_Timber, wood, pulp_|14.1|12.7|14.2|13.6|14.5|13.0|14.5|13.1|14.3|12.9|
|_and paper_|_(5.3)_|_(6.4)_|_(6.5)_|_(7.8)_|_(7.3)_|_(8.7)_|_(7.4)_|_(8.6)_|_(6.4)_|_(8.)_|
|_Construction_|12.1|13.4|12.3|13.7|12.3|14.6|12.1|14.4|12.2|14.5|
|_materials_|_(5.8)_|_(5.2)_|_(7.)_|_(5.2)_|_(6.4)_|_(6.)_|_(5.6)_|_(5.2)_|_(5.6)_|_(5.2)_|
|_Light industry_|15.2|17.0|16.3|20.6|17.0|19.1|15.5|18.6|14.8|18.8|
|<br>|_(19.4)_|_(9.7)_|_(15.5)_|_(13.3)_|_(17.3)_|_(11.8)_|_(10.9)_|_(9.6)_|_(8.)_|_(8.3)_|
|_Food industry_|13.0|14.8|13.1|19.5|14.2|24.8|14.8|22.0|14.7|21.8|
||_(9.5)_|_(9.4)_|_(12.4)_|_(16.1)_|_(14.7)_|_(29.6)_|_(16.7)_|_(30.9)_|_(16.8)_|_(25.6)_|
|_Othr idtri_|11.2|8.9|11.5|9.4|11.6|9.4|11.7|9.4|11.6|8.8|
|_e nuses_|_(7.6)_|_(7.8)_|_(8.7)_|_(8.1)_|_(8.5)_|_(8.3)_|_(8.6)_|_(7.8)_|_(8.4)_|_(7.5)_|
|_Agriculture and_<br>|6.8|7.3|8.3|12.3|8.2|13.3|8.0|11.9|7.9|11.3|
|_forestry_|_(5.5)_|_(5.6)_|_(7.6)_|_(10.3)_|_(8.3)_|_(11.3)_|_(7.4)_|_(9.7)_|_(7.3)_|_(8.9)_|
|_Other goods-_<br>|17.3|10.0|17.6|6.6|17.8|7.1|16.3|6.4|15.7|9.3|
|_producing sectors_|_(16.5)_|_(33.3)_|_(13.2)_|_(24.)_|_(14.4)_|_(25.3)_|_(11.2)_|_(19.6)_|_(8.8)_|_(13.8)_|

45
- _<mark>Notes:   a   Mapping from 10 digit codes to sectors is based on Goskomstat classification b   Standard deviation in parentheses</mark>_

# **Table B5.    Number of lines with estimated collected rates above 20 and 30% and maximum estimated collected rates by year and industry**

|**_Industry_**|||||**_Yea_**|**_r_**|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_200_**|**_1_**|**_200_**|**_2_**|**_200_**|**_3_**|**_2004_**||**_200_**|**_5_**|
||_>20_|_>30_|_>20_|_>30_|_>20_|_>30_|_>20_|_>30_|_>20_|_>30_|
|_Chemicals and_<br>_thil_|**_6_**|**_2_**|**_14_**|**_9_**|**_18_**|**_12_**|**_15_**|**_10_**|**_13_**|**_5_**|
|_perocemcas_||125||154||186||181||198|
|_Mechanical_<br>_engineering_|**_49_**|**_17_**|**_57_**|**_38_**|**_59_**|**_43_**|**_59_**|**_46_**|**_60_**|**_43_**|
|_and metal-working_||198||338||939||293||278|
|_Timber, wood, pulp and_<br>_paper_|**_17_**|**_5_**|**_24_**|**_7_**|**_27_**|**_15_**|**_29_**|**_17_**|**_28_**|**_14_**|
|||51||83||73||74||54|
|_Construction materials_|**_2_**|**_1_**|**_6_**|**_2_**|**_7_**|**_2_**|**_4_**|**_0_**|**_5_**|**_0_**|
|||48||81||60|29||29||
|_Light industry_|**_130_**|**_51_**|**_232_**|**_97_**|**_251_**|**_129_**|**_210_**|**_71_**|**_165_**|**_50_**|
|||518||284||319||164||84|
|_Food industry_|**_230_**|**_76_**|**_238_**|**_83_**|**_313_**|**_130_**|**_317_**|**_140_**|**_297_**|**_144_**|
|||127||388||323||256||384|
|_Other industries_|**_2_**|**_1_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_3_**|**_4_**|**_3_**|**_4_**|**_3_**|
|||38||63||54||57||53|
|_Agriculture and forestry_|**_2_**|**_2_**|**_20_**|**_9_**|**_24_**|**_15_**|**_21_**|**_14_**|**_17_**|**_8_**|
|||58||56||70||57||62|
|_Other goods-producing_<br>|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|**_1_**|
|_sectors_||124||99||109||76||53|

_Notes: a Number of lines b The highest rate in % in the subcategory_ 46
# **Table B6. Estimated collected tariff rates at 2 digit Harmonized System (HS) level**

|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||70|70|70|70|70|
|1|_LIVE ANIMALS_|3.9|3.9|3.6|3.3|3.5|
|||_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.3)_|
|||256|256|292|292|300|
|2|_MEAT EDIBLE OFFAL_|19.6|20.2|26.1|27.0|28.2|
||_,_|_(7.6)_|_(7.9)_|_(18.7)_|_(18.2)_|_(20.1)_|
|||338|338|338|339|339|
|3|_FISH CRUSTACEANS_|10.1|10.8|10.0|9.9|9.8|
||_,_|_(4.2)_|_(20.6)_|_(5.1)_|_(3.3)_|_(2.2)_|
|||176|176|176|176|176|
|4|_DAIRY PRODUCTS_|14.6|14.6|14.3|14.6|13.9|
|||_(5.7)_|_(4.1)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.5)_|
|||33|33|33|33|33|
|5|_ANIMAL PRODUCTS NES_|7.6|8.2|7.8|7.8|7.4|
|||_(3.1)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.8)_|_(2.8)_|_(3.1)_|
|6|_LIVE TREES PLANTS_|42<br>13.6|42<br>15.3|42<br>15.7|42<br>14.9|42<br>14.3|
||_,_|_(9.0)_|_(8.6)_|_(10.2)_|_(8.5)_|_(7.5)_|
|||121|121|121|121|121|
|7|_EDIBLE VEGETABLES_|13.0|13.7|13.2|12.9|13.2|
|||_(4.1)_|_(4.5)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.0)_|_(4.0)_|
|||137|137|137|143|143|
|8|_EDIBLE FRUIT NUTS_|5.4|8.7|9.0|8.7|8.6|
||_,_|_(3.7)_|_(9.1)_|_(10.2)_|_(8.7)_|_(9.2)_|
|||42|46|54|54|54|
|9||5.8|6.6|7.2|6.6|6.7|
||_COFFEE, TEA, SPICES_|_(3.7)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.8)_|
|||57|57|57|57|57|
|10|_CEREALS_|6.9|7.1|9.0|7.4|6.8|
|||_(3.8)_|_(3.6)_|_(9.5)_|_(6.7)_|_(5.2)_|
|||85|85|85|85|85|
|11||93|90|95|90|93|
||_MILLING PRODUCTS_|.<br>_(2.0)_|.<br>_(2.6)_|.<br>_(2.9)_|.<br>_(3.5)_|.<br>_(3.4)_|
|||84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|84<br>|
|12|_OIL SEED_|4.4|4.5|4.4|4.3|4.5|
|||_(1.4)_|_(1.2)_|_(1.4)_|_(1.6)_|_(1.3)_|

47
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|
|13||4.5|4.6|4.8|4.9|5.0|
||_LAC, GUMS, RESINS_|_(1.3)_|_(1.2)_|_(0.5)_|_(0.2)_|_(0.1)_|
|14|_VEGETABLE PLAITING_|8<br>10.3|8<br>9.9|8<br>8.8|8<br>8.8|8<br>9.9|
|||_(6.5)_|_(6.4)_|_(6.3)_|_(6.4)_|_(6.4)_|
|||138|144|142|148|148|
|15|_FATS ANIMAL VEGIE_|9.9|10.2|10.5|10.6|9.9|
||_, ,_|_(5.4)_|_(6.7)_|_(7.8)_|_(8.4)_|_(6.9)_|
|16|_MEAT FISH PREPS_|96<br>22.5|96<br>24.8|96<br>29.7|96<br>27.2|96<br>31.2|
||_, ,_|_(16.4)_|_(21.8)_|_(41.1)_|_(25.7)_|_(37.8)_|
|17|_SUGARS_|55<br>16.9|55<br>20.5|76<br>14.1|76<br>40.3|76<br>19.2|
|||_(15.9)_|_(20.8)_|_(22.0)_|_(53.2)_|_(31.9)_|
|18||29<br>8.0|29<br>10.6|29<br>12.3|29<br>10.4|29<br>10.8|
||_COCOA AND COCOA PREP_|_(8.4)_|_(9.8)_|_(11.8)_|_(9.8)_|_(9.6)_|
|||51<br>|51<br>|51<br>|51<br>|51<br>|
|19|_CEREALFLOURSTARCH_|14.5|14.1|15.8|15.2|15.4|
||_,,_|_(3.1)_|_(4.2)_|_(8.0)_|_(8.1)_|_(7.4)_|
|||356|356|356|356|356|
|20|_VEGIE FRUIT PREPS_|12.0|12.3|12.6|12.3|13.0|
||_, ,_|_(4.9)_|_(5.1)_|_(5.4)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.0)_|
|||49|50|60|60|60|
|21|_MISC EDIBLE PREPS_|14.0|13.6|16.5|14.1|14.0|
|||_(4.8)_|_(5.1)_|_(16.2)_|_(6.7)_|_(5.9)_|
|||176|175|176|176|176|
|22|_BEVERAGES VINEGAR_|19.7|16.2|16.3|16.0|18.4|
||_,_|_(19.0)_|_(14.3)_|_(15.2)_|_(21.7)_|_(30.8)_|
|||67<br>|67<br>|68<br>|68<br>|68<br>|
|23||7.4|7.2|7.2|7.4|7.6|
||_RESIDUES, WASTES_|_(6.1)_|_(6.3)_|_(6.4)_|_(7.3)_|_(7.3)_|
|||30<br>|30<br>|31<br>|31<br>|31<br>|
|24||9.7|9.6|9.2|9.5|8.2|
||_TOBACCO_|_(9.4)_|_(9.6)_|_(9.4)_|_(9.1)_|_(8.6)_|
|||93|93|93|93|93|
|25|_SALT_|3.9|4.0|3.9|3.9|4.0|
|||_(2.4)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.3)_|

48
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||53|53|53|53|53|
|26||3.7|3.6|3.2|3.4|3.3|
||_ORES, SLAG AND ASH_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.3)_|
|||111|111|111|111|111|
|27|_MINERAL FUELS OILS_|4.2|4.0|4.0|3.9|3.8|
||_,_|_(1.7)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.9)_|_(2.0)_|
|||267|267|267|267|267|
|28|_INORGANIC CHEMICALS_|4.3|4.4|4.5|4.4|4.4|
|||_(2.0)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.3)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.1)_|
|||570|570|570|570|570|
|29|_ORGANIC CHEMICALS_|4.9|4.9|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(1.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(3.0)_|_(2.1)_|_(1.3)_|
|30|_AAA_|79<br>8.8|79<br>8.8|79<br>8.8|79<br>8.9|79<br>8.8|
||_PHRMCEUTICL PROD_|_(3.3)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.4)_|
|31||37<br>8.4|37<br>9.4|37<br>8.8|37<br>9.1|37<br>8.9|
||_FERTILIZERS_|_(3.3)_|_(1.9)_|_(3.1)_|_(2.8)_|_(3.0)_|
|||67|67|67|67|69|
|32|_TAN DYE EXTRACTS_|5.0|5.1|5.1|5.1|5.2|
||_,_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|_(2.2)_|
|||59|59|59|59|59|
|33|_ESSENTIAL OILS_|8.4|8.5|8.5|8.5|8.5|
|||_(4.6)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|
|34|_SOAPS LUBRICANTS_|36<br>11.9|36<br>12.1|36<br>12.6|38<br>11.9|38<br>12.3|
||_,_|_(4.5)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.8)_|_(5.0)_|_(4.3)_|
|||35<br>|35<br>|35<br>|35<br>|35<br>|
|35||4.9|5.2|5.4|5.4|5.3|
||_MODIFIED STARCHES_|_(0.2)_|_(1.1)_|_(1.9)_|_(2.0)_|_(2.3)_|
|36||10<br>17.3|10<br>19.4|10<br>18.0|10<br>18.7|10<br>19.1|
||_Glues_|_(5.4)_|_(1.9)_|_(3.8)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.3)_|
|||61|61|61|61|61|
|37||<br>11.2|<br>11.5|<br>11.7|<br>11.8|<br>11.8|
||_Pyrotechnic materials and products_|<br>_(4.7)_|_(4.7)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.4)_|
|||136|136|136|136|136|
|38|_MISC CHEMICAL PRODS_|5.7|5.9|5.9|5.9|6.1|
|||_(3.4)_|_(3.4)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.4)_|_(3.4)_|

49
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||279<br>|281<br>|277<br>|281<br>|287<br>|
|39|_PLASTICS_|10.8|11.1|11.2|10.9|10.7|
|||_(3.8)_|_(5.8)_|_(6.3)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.7)_|
|||113<br>|113<br>|113<br>|113<br>|117<br>|
|40|_RUBBER_|8.3|10.0|9.5|9.0|8.9|
|||_(5.5)_|_(16.2)_|_(12.1)_|_(9.4)_|_(9.3)_|
|41|_RAW HIDES AND SKINS_|79<br>5.0|79<br>4.7|79<br>4.8|79<br>4.9|79<br>4.8|
|||_(0.1)_|_(1.0)_|_(0.6)_|_(0.5)_|_(0.6)_|
|42|_ARTICLES OF LEATHER_|39<br>36.2|39<br>34.5|39<br>36.4|39<br>32.4|39<br>27.9|
|||_(80.2)_|_(42.4)_|_(27.8)_|_(19.9)_|_(15.1)_|
|||111|111|111|111|111|
|43|_FURSKINS_|9.5|9.3|9.4|9.4|9.4|
|||_(4.1)_|_(3.8)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.3)_|
|||173<br>|173<br>|170<br>|170<br>|170<br>|
|44||14.6|14.4|14.3|14.4|14.4|
||_WOOD_|_(2.9)_|_(3.1)_|_(3.0)_|_(2.9)_|_(2.8)_|
|||13|13|13|13|13|
|45|_CORK_|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.1)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|46|_PLAITING MATERIALS_|12<br>19.3|12<br>19.6|12<br>19.6|12<br>19.7|12<br>19.8|
|||_(1.9)_|_(1.0)_|_(1.0)_|_(0.5)_|_(0.3)_|
|||23|23|23|23|25|
|47|_PULP OF WOOD_|13.6|13.7|13.4|13.2|14.0|
|||_(3.6)_|_(3.6)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.8)_|_(3.5)_|
|||212<br>|214<br>|213<br>|213<br>|213<br>|
|48|_PAPER & PAPERBOARD_|12.8|12.5|12.5|12.4|12.6|
|||_(4.2)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.3)_|
|||27<br>|27<br>|27<br>|27<br>|27<br>|
|49||5.6|5.2|5.1|5.1|5.0|
||_PAPER & PAPERBOARD_|_(7.3)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(6.9)_|
|||26<br>|26<br>|26<br>|26<br>|26<br>|
|50||4.6|4.6|5.0|5.0|5.0|
||_SILK_|_(1.2)_|_(1.2)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|
|||82|82|80|80|80|
|51|_WOOL ANIMAL HAIR_|12.9|12.4|13.2|13.4|13.4|
||_,_|_(4.0)_|_(5.1)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.3)_|_(4.1)_|

50
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||162|162|162|162|162|
|52||9.0|9.9|9.9|10.1|10.2|
||_COTTON_|<br>_(6.1)_|<br>_(6.0)_|<br>_(5.8)_|<br>_(5.8)_|<br>_(5.7)_|
|||43|43|43|43|43|
|53|_VEGETABLE TEXTILE_|7.0|7.3|7.3|7.3|7.1|
|||_(3.7)_|_(3.5)_|_(3.6)_|_(3.6)_|_(3.6)_|
|54|_MANMADE FILAMENTS_|89<br>9.8|89<br>9.8|89<br>9.8|89<br>9.5|89<br>9.5|
|||_(2.4)_|_(2.6)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.9)_|_(2.9)_|
|||170|170|170|170|170|
|55|_MANMADE STAPLE FIBRE_|7.7|7.8|7.8|7.8|7.8|
|||_(2.6)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.7)_|_(2.6)_|_(2.6)_|
|56|_WADDING FELT_|68<br>13.8|68<br>8.1|68<br>8.0|68<br>8.0|68<br>8.1|
||_,_|_(48.9)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.4)_|_(5.1)_|
|57||39<br>18.9|39<br>21.7|39<br>21.6|39<br>18.8|39<br>19.1|
||_CARPETS_|_(6.8)_|_(14.6)_|_(7.2)_|_(4.4)_|_(2.9)_|
|||56|56|56|56|56|
|58|_SPECIAL WOVEN_|19.6|19.7|19.6|19.8|19.6|
|||_(1.4)_|_(1.2)_|_(2.1)_|_(1.0)_|_(2.5)_|
|||43|43|38|38|38|
|59|_TEXTILE FAB COATED_|6.3|7.0|8.0|6.8|6.7|
|||_(4.0)_|_(5.9)_|_(9.8)_|_(4.7)_|_(4.1)_|
|||65|65|65|65|65|
|60|_KNITTED OR CROCHETED_|9.9|9.7|9.8|9.9|9.8|
|||_(0.5)_|_(1.2)_|_(0.8)_|_(0.4)_|_(1.1)_|
|||176<br>|176<br>|176<br>|176<br>|176<br>|
|61||20.8|24.1|26.9|22.4|20.2|
||_ARTICLES OF APPAREL KNIT_|_(7.8)_|_(14.7)_|_(15.0)_|_(11.7)_|_(4.7)_|
|||204<br>|204<br>|204<br>|204<br>|204<br>|
|62||22.1|23.9|28.0|20.4|19.9|
||_ARTICLES OF APPAREL_|_(15.6)_|_(20.9)_|_(27.6)_|_(6.4)_|_(4.8)_|
|||94|94|94|94|94|
|63||20.3|22.0|24.9|18.9|18.6|
||_OTHER TEXTILE ARTICL_|_(17.3)_|_(14.6)_|_(31.9)_|_(8.0)_|_(6.8)_|
|||82|82|82|82|82|
|64|_FOOTWEAR_|20.1|30.4|20.2|29.8|25.0|
|||_(9.2)_|_(20.1)_|_(13.6)_|_(21.4)_|_(9.3)_|

51
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||22<br>|22<br>|22<br>|22<br>|22<br>|
|65|_HATS_|19.2|15.9|18.1|18.3|18.4|
|||_(3.3)_|_(7.2)_|_(4.6)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.5)_|
|66|_UMBRELLAS_|9<br>19.2|9<br>19.6|9<br>19.7|9<br>19.0|9<br>19.1|
|||_(1.7)_|_(1.3)_|_(0.9)_|_(2.0)_|_(1.9)_|
|67|_BIRD SKIN FEATHERS_|8<br>20.4|8<br>23.1|8<br>24.4|8<br>22.8|8<br>22.5|
||_,_|_(10.4)_|_(10.9)_|_(16.0)_|_(6.2)_|_(5.2)_|
|68|_STONE PLASTER_|76<br>12.6|76<br>12.3|76<br>12.5|76<br>13.0|76<br>12.9|
||_,_|_(4.0)_|_(3.9)_|_(4.0)_|_(3.6)_|_(3.9)_|
|69|_CERAMIC PRODUCTS_|51<br>16.7|53<br>17.7|52<br>16.8|52<br>16.4|52<br>17.2|
|||_(6.0)_|_(10.0)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.5)_|_(5.2)_|
|||134<br>|134<br>|134<br>|134<br>|140<br>|
|70||13.2|13.2|13.1|13.1|13.1|
||_GLASS AND GLASSWARE_|_(3.2)_|_(3.2)_|_(3.3)_|_(3.2)_|_(3.4)_|
|||63<br>|63<br>|63<br>|63<br>|63<br>|
|71|_Natural or cultured pearls precious or_|19.7|19.7|19.7|18.4|17.5|
||_,_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(2.5)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.8)_|
|||432|432|432|432|432|
|72|_STONE PLASTER_|3.0|3.3|3.4|3.4|3.5|
||_,_|_(2.2)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|_(2.1)_|
|||296|298|297|297|305|
|73|_Products from ferrous metals_|10.7|11.6|11.6|11.5|11.3|
|||_(5.2)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.8)_|_(4.9)_|_(4.9)_|
|||69<br>|69<br>|69<br>|69<br>|69<br>|
|74|_C d d_|3.2|3.6|3.7|3.5|3.6|
||_uprum an proucts of cuprum_|_(1.9)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.7)_|_(1.8)_|_(1.8)_|
|||18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|18<br>|
|75||9.0|10.1|10.2|10.0|9.3|
||_Nickel and products of nickel_|_(5.1)_|_(5.0)_|_(5.5)_|_(5.3)_|_(5.1)_|
|||65|65|65|65|65|
|76||<br>13.5|<br>13.4|<br>13.6|<br>13.4|<br>13.5|
||_Aluminum and products of aluminum_|_(6.7)_|_(6.4)_|_(7.0)_|_(7.0)_|_(6.4)_|
|||13|13|13|13|13|
|78|_Lead and its products_|2.6|3.2|3.3|3.8|4.2|
|||_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.2)_|_(2.1)_|_(1.8)_|

52
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||12|12|12|12|12|
|79||4.0|3.9|3.8|3.0|3.3|
||_Zinc and its products_|<br>_(1.4)_|<br>_(2.0)_|<br>_(2.2)_|<br>_(2.4)_|<br>_(2.3)_|
|||8<br>|8<br>|8<br>|8<br>|8<br>|
|80|_Tin and its products_|5.0|4.7|12.9|5.5|5.0|
|||_(0.0)_|_(0.8)_|_(9.1)_|_(1.4)_|_(0.0)_|
|81|_Non-ferrous metals, cermets and their_|78<br>12.3|78<br>10.7|78<br>10.9|78<br>11.0|78<br>11.1|
||_products_|_(5.0)_|_(5.9)_|_(5.7)_|_(6.0)_|_(6.0)_|
|||108|108|108|108|108|
|82|_TOOLS AND CUTLERY_|8.5|8.8|8.7|8.8|8.7|
|||_(6.2)_|_(6.2)_|_(6.1)_|_(6.1)_|_(6.1)_|
|||50<br>|50<br>|50<br>|50<br>|58<br>|
|83|_Oh lli d_|18.3|18.7|18.2|17.8|16.9|
||_ter metac proucts_|_(3.4)_|_(3.0)_|_(3.9)_|_(4.4)_|_(5.5)_|
|||1136|1150|1134|1168|1205|
|84||6.7|6.8|6.9|6.8|6.7|
||_MACHINERY/APPLIANCES_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.4)_|
|||745|745|735|739|787|
|85|_Electrical equipment, audio- and video_|10.4|10.7|10.7|10.8|10.3|
||_equipment_|_(7.9)_|_(9.4)_|_(9.8)_|_(11.7)_|_(9.5)_|
|||41|47|44|44|44|
|86|_Railroad locomotives and cars_|3.7|3.2|3.2|3.1|2.9|
|||_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.2)_|_(4.1)_|_(4.1)_|
|||249|283|266|266|272|
|87|_VEHICLES AND PARTS_|10.8|18.1|24.0|19.4|18.0|
|||_(7.4)_|_(44.9)_|_(74.4)_|_(41.9)_|_(38.8)_|
|||36|36|36|36|36|
|88||14.0|15.0|14.5|12.5|13.4|
||_Aircrafts_|_(7.8)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.4)_|_(8.4)_|_(8.0)_|
|89||39<br>10.9|39<br>10.5|39<br>10.7|39<br>10.2|39<br>9.6|
||_Boats, ships_|_(6.9)_|_(7.1)_|_(7.0)_|_(6.8)_|_(7.3)_|
|||320|320|317|317|321|
|90||7.5|7.6|7.7|7.8|7.7|
||_Optical equipment_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|_(4.5)_|
|||63|63|63|63|65|
|91|_CLOCKS AND WATCHES_|27.3|27.7|28.3|27.1|27.7|
|||_(26.0)_|_(27.9)_|_(21.1)_|_(26.9)_|_(27.2)_|

53
|**HS**<br>**code**||||**Year**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**2 digits**|**_Type of products_**|**2001**|**2002**|**2003**|**2004**|**2005**|
|||33|33|33|33|33|
|92|_MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS_|7.4|7.2|7.4|7.3|7.3|
|||_(4.4)_|_(4.1)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|_(4.4)_|
|||30|30|30|30|30|
|93|_ARMS AND AMMUNITION_|19.0|18.9|18.4|16.9|15.9|
|||_(4.0)_|_(3.6)_|_(5.1)_|_(6.1)_|_(7.7)_|
|||104|104|107|107|111|
|94|_FURNITURE LIGHTING_|20.5|19.8|20.2|20.9|19.3|
||_,_|_(8.9)_|_(13.4)_|_(12.8)_|_(13.2)_|_(11.3)_|
|||81|81|81|81|81|
|95|_Tos and sort oods_|15.1|15.2|15.2|15.1|15.1|
||_y p g_|_(2.5)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.4)_|_(2.6)_|_(2.3)_|
|||72|72|72|72|74|
|96|_MISCELLANEOUS MANUFA_|18.1|18.4|19.0|18.7|18.5|
|||_(5.2)_|_(4.5)_|_(5.1)_|_(4.1)_|_(4.6)_|
|||7|7|7|7|7|
|97|_WORKS OF ART COLLEC_|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0|
||_,_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|_(0.0)_|

_Notes:_ a Number of lines at 10-digit level b Simple average over all lines in the subcategory c Standard deviation over all lines in the subcategory 54
# Table B7.  List of product lines at 10 digit Harmonized System level with estimated collected tariff rates higher than 50%

|**Code 10 digits**|**Product Description**|**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|2208903800<br>1604309090<br>8703239022<br>8703239011<br>8703329091<br>8703339091<br>8703239027|liquor made of plum, pear or cherry, in bottles with volume more then 2 liters<br>other ready-to-eat or canned roe other than sturgeon caviar and salmon roe, roe<br>substitutes<br>other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion<br>engines with capacity greater than 1800 cub. cm but not more than 2300 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion<br>engines with capacity greater than 1500 cub. cm but not more than 1800 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>used motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion engines<br>(diesel or semidiesel) with capacity greater than 1500 cub. cm but not more than<br>2500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>other used motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion<br>engines (diesel or semidiesel) with capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm manufactured<br>more than 7 years ago<br>other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion<br>engines with capacity greater than 2300 cub. cm but not more than 3000 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago|383.6<br>322.4<br>277.5<br>266.5<br>251.3<br>233.3<br>208.6|
|9101120000<br>8524530002<br>8703319091<br>8703249091<br>8703229091<br>8702101921<br>8703219091<br>1701999009|electric watches, with or without a built-in stop-watch, with optoelectronic display<br>only, with a case made from a precious metal or metal plated with а precious metalv<br>other pre-recorded magnetic tapes more than 6.5mm wide<br>other motor vehicles with piston compression-ignition internal combustion engines<br>(diesel or semidiesel) with capacity of not more than 1500 cub. cm manufactured<br>more than 7 years ago<br>other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion<br>engines with capacity greater than 3000 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years<br>ago<br>other used motor vehicles with spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion<br>engines with capacity greater than 1000 cub. cm but not more than 1500 cub. cm<br>manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>buses designed for carrying 120 or more persons, driver inclusive, with<br>compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel or semidiesel) with<br>capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>other motor vehicles designed for carrying 10 or more persons, driver inclusive, with<br>compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel or semidiesel) with<br>capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years ago<br>other sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, other than white raw<br>sugar|198.5<br>198.0<br>196.8<br>181.4<br>163.3<br>138.4<br>133.9<br>122.3|
|1701991009|white sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents|121.8|
|1701119008|<br>cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, not for purification|113.8|
|1701111008|cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, for purification|112.3|
|0203121109|other unboned homegrown pig joints and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|111.9|
|1701999001<br>1604309010|other sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, other than white raw<br>sugar<br>ready-to-eatorcanned salmon roe (red caviar)|110.5<br>105.2|

55
|**Code 10 digits**|**Product Description**|**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|1605201000|ready-to-eat orcanned shrimps and prawnsinsealed packages|<br>103.4|
|0203211009<br>9105110000|other frozen homegrown pig carcasses and half-carcasses<br>electric alarm clocks not intended for personal wear or portable use|103.2<br>102.4|
|2207100000|non-denaturated ethyl alcohol with alcohol concentration of 80 vol. % or higher|100.0|
|2207200000|non-denaturated ethyl and other alcohols, of any concentration|100.0|
||other shrimps and prawns, ready-to-eat or canned, in original packages with a net<br>||
|1605209900|weight of more than 2 kg|99.4|
|8523130002|magnetic tapes, more than 6.5 mm but less then 100 mm wide|98.1|
|1605100000|cooked canned crabs|97.1|
||raw cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, for refining: at an<br>average monthly price of not less than US$198.43 per ton at the New York||
|1701111009|Commodity Exchange|93.5|
|1605209100|other shrimps and prawns, ready-to-eat or canned, in original packages with a net<br>weight of not more than 2 kg|93.3|
|0203219009<br>1701119009|other frozen carcasses and half-carcasses of other pigs (other than homegrown)<br>raw cane sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents, not for refining: at an<br>average monthly price of not less than US$198.43 per ton at the New York<br>Commodity Exchange<br>ready-to-eat or canned salmon products whole cooked or in pieces other than|91.0<br>89.8|
|1604110000|, ,<br>stuffed|89.6|
|0203221109|other frozen unboned homegrown pig joints and cuts thereof|87.3|
|2203001000|malt beer, in containers with a capacity of more than 10 l|85.2|
|4203299900|gloves made of natural or artificial leather, other then for men|84.3|
|4012209000|other used pneumatic tires|83.3|
|0203291109|other frozen homegrown pig shoulder butts and cuts thereof|82.8|
|<br>0203291509|<br>other frozen streaked homegrown pig briskets and cuts thereof|<br>81.6|
|0203111009|<br>other fresh and chilled homegrown pig carcasses and half-carcasses|80.0|
|0203119009|other carcasses or half-carcasses of other pigs, other than homegrown, fresh or<br>chilled|80.0|
|0203121909|other unboned homegrown pig shoulders and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203129009|other unboned joints, shoulders and cuts of other pigs (other than homegrown ones),<br>fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191109|other homegrown pig shoulder butts and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191309|<br>other unboned homegrown pig loins and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203191509|<br>other streaked homegrown pig briskets and cuts thereof, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203195509|other boned parts of homegrown pigs, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203195909|other homegrown pig meat, fresh or chilled|80.0|
|0203199009|other fresh or chilled pork (other than homegrown pig meat)|80.0|
|<br>0203221909|<br>other frozen unboned homegrown pig shoulders and cuts thereof|<br>80.0|
||other unboned frozen joints shoulders and cuts of other pigs (other than homegrown||
|0203229009|,<br>ones)|80.0|
|0203291309|<br>other unboned frozen homegrown pig loins and cuts thereof|80.0|
|0203299009|<br>other frozen pork (other than homegrown pig meat)|80.0|
||other timepieces not intended for personal wear or portable use, with clockwork<br>mhnim fr timi intndd fr rtbl r rnl r thr thn||
|9103900000|ecass o epeces ee o poae use o pesoa wea, oe a<br>timepieces under commodity item 9104, other than electric|78.2|
|0209009000<br>1602311100|<br>unrendered, fresh, chilled, frozen, salted, pickled, dried, smoked poultry fat<br>ready-to-eat or canned turkey meat under commodity item 0105 with raw meat<br>contentof57% wt. or higher|77.8<br>74.7|

56
|**Code 10 digits**|**Product Description**|**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|0203295909|other frozen parts of homegrown pigs, other than boned|<br>72.0|
|9105190000|otheralarmclocksnot intendedforpersonalwearorportable use|68.6|
||other motor vehicles designed for carrying 10 or more persons, driver inclusive, with<br>compression-ignition internal combustion engines (diesel or semidiesel) with||
|8702101991|capacity greater than 2500 cub. cm manufactured more than 7 years ago|68.1|
|1602319000|other cooked or canned food of turkey<br>|66.8|
|1602329000|other ready-to-eat or canned poultry products made from GALLUS DOMESTICUS,<br>commodity item 0105|64.4|
|0202305009|other frozen boned cattle shoulder, neck and shoulder part and brisket|64.1|
||other boned front quarters, whole or cut into not more than five pieces, with each<br>quarter representing one block; with the "compensated" quarters representing two<br>blocks one of which contains the front quarter, whole or cut into not more than five<br>pieces, with the other containing the hind quarter, except for the tenderloin, in one||
|0202301009|<br>piece|63.5|
|0203295509|other frozen boned parts of homegrown pigs|62.1|
|1701991001|white sugar without flavoring-aromatic or coloring agents|61.9|
|0808105004|Granny Smith fresh apples|61.5|
|0202205009|other frozen unboned, uncut or cut hind cattle quarters|61.4|
|0808102004|Golden Delicious fresh apples|60.8|
|0201100009|other cattle carcasses and half-carcasses, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201202009|other unboned "compensated" cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201203001|other cuts with bone in of meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201203009|other unboned, uncut or cut front cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201205009|other unboned, uncut or cut hind cattle quarters, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201209009|other unboned cattle cuts, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0201300009|other boned cattle meat, fresh or chilled|60.0|
|0202203009|other frozen unboned, uncut or cut front cattle quarters|60.0|
|0202209009|other frozen unboned cattle cuts|60.0|
|0202305003|boneless meet of bovine animals, frozen|60.0|
||ready-to-eat or canned poultry products made from GALLUS DOMESTICUS,<br>commodit item 0105 containing 25% wt or more but less than 57% wt of poultr||
|1602323000|y , . , . y<br>meat or giblets|58.3|
|8470500000|cashpoints|57.7|
|6402995000|slippers and other home footwear with a plastic top and a sole|57.5|
|1704109900|other chewing gum (other than in sticks) with sucrose content of 60% wt. or higher<br>(including invert sugar in terms of sucrose)|56.6|
|9102990000|other watches intended for personal wear or portable use, stop-watches inclusive,<br>other than watches and stop-watches under commodity item 9101|56.4|
|2203000900|other malt beer in containers with a capacity of 10 l or less, other than bottles|55.3|
||electric timepieces not intended for portable use or personal wear, with clockwork<br>mechanisms for timepieces intended for portable use or personal wear other than||
|9103100000|,<br>timepieces under commodity item 9104|54.9|
|9404100000|<br>mattress frames|54.4|
|0202309009|other frozen boned cattle meat|53.6|
|6309000000|used clothes and other items|53.5|
|9404300000|sleeping bags|53.4|
|9404291000|<br>spring-loaded mattresses made of other materials|52.5|
|6405209100|slippers and other home footwear with a top made from textile materials and a sole<br>made from other materials|52.2|
|3926909909|other staff made of plastic and other materials that belong to the HS code group<br>3901-3914|51.8|

57
|**Code 10 digits**|**Product Description**|**Tariff**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|
|1601001000<br>1905311100|prepared food made of liver<br>other men's or boys' sets made from man-made yarn, other than knitted, other than<br>working and professional|51.5<br>51.3|
|4203210000|gloves, muffles or mittens from natural or composite leather intended specificaly for<br>sports use|51.2|
|1602398000|other ready-to-eat or canned poultry products under commodity item 0105|51.1|
|0207269900|Poultrynotcut inpieces,frozen|50.3|

58