# **Table A32:  Institute for Management Development World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY)**

**Data Provider Description Website Data Source Type Respondents Frequency Coverage Public Access**

**Description**

Institute for Management Development Educational and research organization headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland www.imd.ch World Competitiveness Yearbook Survey Businesspeople working in countries being assessed Annual since 1987 Global sample of countries Full dataset is commercially available, downloadable from the World Competitiveness Yearbook. Averages of sub-indicators are publicly available in this spreadsheet. The World Competitiveness Yearbook ranks countries on a large number of factual and subjective indicators relating to the business environment. We use indicators drawn from their Executive Opinion Survey capturing the views of approximately 4000 respondents.

|**Voice and Accountability**|2008|2007|2006|2005|2004|2003|2002|2000|1998|1996|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Transparency of Government policy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Political Stability and Absence of Violence**|||||||||||
|The risk of political instability is very high|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|
|**Government Effectiveness**|||||||||||
|Government economic policies do not adapt quickly to changes in the economy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|
|The public service is not independent from political interference|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Government decisions are not effectively implemented|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Bureaucracy hinders business activity|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally inefficient|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||X|
|Policy direction is not consist ent|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|**Regulatory Quality**|||||||||||
|Protectionism in the country negatively affects the conduct of business|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Competition legislation in your country does not prevent unfair competition|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Price controls affect pricing of products in most industries|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Acce ss to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||||
|Ease of doing business is not a competitive advantage for your country|X|X|X|X|X||||||
|Financial inst itutions' transparency is not widely developed in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Customs' authorities do not facilitate the efficient transit of goods|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|The legal framework is detrimental to your country's competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Public sector contract s are sufficiently open to foreign bidders|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real personal taxes are non dist ortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real corporate taxes are non dist ortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Banking regulation does not hinder competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||||
|Labor regulations hinder business activities|X|X|X|X|X||||||
|Subsidies impair economic development|X|X|X|X|X||||||
|Ease to st art a business|X|X|X|X|X||||||
|**Rule of Law**|||||||||||
|Tax evasion is a common practice in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||
|Just ice is not fairly administered in society|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Personal security and private property are not adequately protect ed|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Parallel economy impairs economic development in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Patent and copyright protection is not adequately enforced in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X||X|X|
|**Control of Corruption**|||||||||||
|Bribing and corruption exist in the economy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Country coverage**|**55**|**55**|**53**|**51**|**51**|**51**|**49**|**49**|**46**|**46**|
|**Year of Publication**|**2008**|**2007**|**2006**|**2005**|**2004**|**2003**|**2002**|**2000**|**1998**|**1996**|

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