Table 3: Impacts on children’s educational achievement: GPA z-scores <u>(OLS)</u>

|Dependent variables:|Bengali|Bengali|GP<br>English|A z-scores<br>English|Math|Math|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1a)|(1b)|(1c)|(1d)|(1e)|(1f)|
|**December 2013**|||||||
|All products|-0.046<br>|-0.046<br>|-0.053<br>|-0.056<br>|-0.052<br>|-0.041<br>|
||(0.080)|(0.086)|(0.062)<br>|(0.064)<br>|(0.057)|(0.058)|
|One product|0.025<br>(0.080)|0.023<br>(0.086)|-0.129*<br>(0.065)|-0.136*<br>(0.071)|-0.081<br>(0.064)|-0.087<br>(0.071)|
|All = one (p-val.)|0.369|0.434|0.330|0.350|0.669|0.546|
|All + one = 0 (p-val.)|0.881|0.878|0.079|0.077|0.192|0.233|
|Mean _y_ (control)|-0.017|-0.017|0.014|0.014|0.009|0.009|
|R-squared|0.161|0.257|0.170|0.253|0.194|0.389|
|No. of obs.|850|850|850|850|850|850|
|Dependent variables:|General|General|Islam|Islam|Bangladesh|Bangladesh|
||science|science|studies|studies|general|general|
||||||studies|studies|
||(1g)|(1h)|(1i)|(1j)|(1k)|(1l)|
|**December 2013**|||||||
|All products|0.048|0.052|0.049|0.055|0.070|0.066|
||(0.084)|(0.084)|(0.079)|(0.082)|(0.067)|(0.070)|
|One product|0.039|0.037|0.016|0.020|0.126|0.121|
||(0.076)|(0.078)|(0.077)|(0.079)|(0.084)|(0.089)|
|All = one (p-val.)|0.927|0.880|0.694|0.696|0.534|0.577|
|All + one = 0 (p-val.)|0.505|0.494|0.629|0.581|0.119|0.148|
|Mean _y_ (control)|-0.035|-0.035|-0.041|-0.041|-0.067|-0.067|
|R-squared|0.183|0.297|0.167|0.257|0.143|0.270|
|No. of obs.|850|850|850|850|850|850|
|Dependent variables:|Bengali|Bengali|English|English|Math|Math|
||(2a)|(2b)|(2c)|(2d)|(2e)|(2f)|
|**December 2014**|||||||
|All products|-0.095|-0.085|-0.047|-0.035|-0.112|-0.101|
||(0.085)|(0.082)|(0.084)|(0.085)|(0.089)|(0.088)|
|One product|0.047<br>|0.056<br>|0.029<br>|0.042<br>|0.031<br>|0.038<br>|
||(0.094)|(0.091)|(0.085)|(0.085)|(0.090)|(0.087)|
|All = one (p-val.)|0.075|0.061|0.364|0.334|0.138|0.141|
|All + one = 0 (p-val.)|0.766|0.853|0.901|0.960|0.599|0.674|
|Mean _y_ (control)<br>R-squared|0.024<br>0096|0.024<br>0114|0.012<br>0089|0.012<br>0099|0.030<br>0140|0.030<br>0162|
|No. of obs.|.<br>846|.<br>846|.<br>846|.<br>846|.<br>846|.<br>846|
|Dependent variables:|General|General|Islam|Islam|Bangladesh|Bangladesh|
||science|science|studies|studies|general<br>|general<br>|
||||||studies|studies|
||(2g)|(2h)|(2i)|(2j)|(2k)|(2l)|
|**December 2014**|||||||
|All products|-0.116|-0.102|-0.068|-0.059|-0.132|-0.126|
||(0.084)|(0.082)|(0.092)|(0.088)|(0.092)|(0.091)|
|Oneroduct|-0079|-0063|0023|0041|-0033|-0022|
|p|.<br>(0.092)|.<br>(0.091)|.<br>(0.099)|.<br>(0.098)|.<br>(0.094)|.<br>(0.090)|
|All = one (p-val.)|0.676|0.655|0.232|0.168|0.240|0.187|
|All + one = 0 (p-val.)|0.209|0.276|0.798|0.916|0.328|0.369|
|Mean _y_ (control)|0.051|0.051|0.021|0.021|0.053|0.053|
|R-squared|0.128|0.148|0.090|0.107|0.109|0.127|
|No. of obs.|846|846|846|846|846|846|
|Baseline control<br>|No<br>|Yes<br>|No<br>|Yes<br>|No<br>|Yes<br>|
|School FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Village FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|

Notes: (1) Figures ( ) are standard errors. *** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10%. (2) Standard errors are robust to heteroskedasticity and clustered residuals within each school-grade. (3) The baseline controls include age (years); education (years); gender (dummy); household size; no. of males; head age (years); head education (years); head gender (dummy); and land size (natural number).

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