Figure 1 which presents time series<sup>data oncrime fromWestern Kingston, wherethe oldestandbest</sup> established garrison communities are<sup>located, provides dramaticevidenceof the declinein crimeand</sup> violence. All types of crime have<sup>showna declinehere since1996.This was prior to the JSIFintervention.</sup> Note however, that after 1997 crime<sup>violence declined ata steeper ratesuggesting that JSIF may have</sup> provided some additional impetus to<sup>the process.Figure2 providesevidenceto showthat thedeclinein</sup> violence in Western Jamaica is in<sup>sharp contrastto the rest of Jamaicawheremurder rateshave remained</sup> relatively stable. Nevertheless it is important<sup>to not attributeall the declinesin violenceto theTony</sup> Spaulding renovation but to see it<sup>as part of a concertedeffort to reduceviolencein thegarrison</sup> communities.

Arnett Gardens remains one of the<sup>poorestneighborhoodsin Kingston.A focus group discussion</sup> revealed, for instance that, "We are<sup>saddened by the fact that the community ismostly brought together by</sup> death, along with dances and sporting<sup>activities." Teenagepregnancy, unemployment,and the youth</sup> discontentment remain serious problems.<sup>It is still difficult to get the community to work togetherfor the</sup> common good and political parties continue<sup>to definethe neighborhoods.A community leader told us,"We</sup> need a community system, not a party<sup>system.""Leadershipis dispersedbetween...(variousleaders).</sup> Some take care of security, and others<sup>takecareof neighborhoodneeds."</sup> Much of our findings from March<sup>2000need to be rethoughtin the wakeof the events of July 2001,</sup> when intense violence flared up again in<sup>thegarrison communities. While theannualmurder rate is still not</sup> in, it is likely to soar again to the levels of<sup>the90's indicatingthat theabatementin violencewas more alull</sup> than a cessation. As Jamaica drew<sup>closerto a generalelectionin 2002,it appeared that traditionalpolitically</sup> driven tensions were once again causing conflict.<sup>Therefore,thepossibleimpact that the TonySpaulding</sup> stadium project had on the community does<sup>not seem to have been sustainedover the longterm.</sup> Furthermore, to the extent that the peace<sup>processcaused a lullin theviolence,it does notseem to have been</sup> a direct result of the stadium renovation<sup>as much aspart of a broad peaceinitiativeinstitutedbetween the</sup> two main warring factions in Kingston.<sup>Yet,thereis also noquestion that the stadium has had a largeand</sup> positive impact on the community<sup>in the sensethat it is a symbolor pride and provides a valuable public</sup> service.

The matching community - Union Gardens<sup>is similar to Arnettgardens in its occupationalstructure</sup> and levels of poverty. Patterns of violence<sup>in Union Gardensmirrorthose in Arnett gardensindicatingthe</sup> lack of a causal link between the Tony Spaulding<sup>stadium initiativeand the cessationof violencein the two</sup> communities. However, we were told<sup>in 2000 that Union Gardensis "as united as can be expected."They</sup> have a citizens association where most<sup>community-wide decisionsare made. A leader toldus that they "are</sup> the only community in the western belt (of<sup>Kingston)not warringagainst a neighboringone."He alsotold</sup> 18