– Table 4 Perceptions of host populations about refugees with the cross-country sample (OLS regressions with controls)

||(1)|_Dependent variab_<br>(2)|_le: hosts’ perce_<br>(3)|_ptions of refu_<br>(4)|_gees_<br>(5)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Perceptions within HH|0.460<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0197)|0.446<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0208)||||
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.329<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0179)|||||
|Age|-0.00751<sup>_∗_</sup><br>|-0.00783<sup>_∗_</sup><br>|-0.00676<br>|0.00186<br>|-0.00495<br>|
||(0.00400)|(0.00415)|(0.00634)|(0.00529)|(0.00466)|
|Age squared|0.0000758<br>(0.0000489)|0.0000837<br>(0.0000511)|0.0000958<br>(0.0000793)|-0.0000622<br>(0.0000634)|0.0000398<br>(0.0000571)|
|Being female|-0.0207|-0.0159|-0.00268|-0.0675<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0239|
||(0.0211)|(0.0216)|(0.0256)|(0.0235)|(0.0209)|
|Being married/living w/partner|0.0257<br>|0.0263<br>|-0.0123<br>|0.0172<br>|0.0294<br>|
||(0.0209)|(0.0217)|(0.0358)|(0.0256)|(0.0240)|
|Living in urban context|-0.00785|||-0.287<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||
||(0.0229)|||(0.0955)||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|0.0462<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0187)|||0.441<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.106)||
|Has a job/an economic activity|-0.0237|-0.0216|0.00480|-0.108<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0410<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.0171)|(0.0178)|(0.0260)|(0.0275)|(0.0200)|
|Years of formal education|-0.000433|-0.0000453|0.00133|-0.0107<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00291|
||(0.00235)|(0.00246)|(0.00367)|(0.00390)|(0.00280)|
|Has vocational training|-0.0276<br>(0.0256)|-0.0244<br>(0.0275)|-0.0227<br>(0.0441)|-0.0385<br>(0.0389)|-0.0281<br>(0.0279)|
|Has good English skills|0.0507<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.0546<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.0398|0.206<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0645<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.0251)|(0.0280)|(0.0433)|(0.0408)|(0.0304)|
|Has good local language skills|-0.0409<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0578<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0687|-0.235<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0407|
||(0.0246)|(0.0300)|(0.0518)|(0.0588)|(0.0384)|
|Heath index|-0.0104<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0126<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00490|-0.0308<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0197<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00252)|(0.00299)|(0.00506)|(0.00501)|(0.00399)|
|Mental health index (PHQ9)|-0.00601<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.00826<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00961<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0150<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00993<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00266)|(0.00310)|(0.00513)|(0.00568)|(0.00410)|
|Has relative(s) in same site|-0.000291|-0.00384|0.00620|-0.0423|-0.0107|
||(0.0150)|(0.0159)|(0.0290)|(0.0259)|(0.0229)|
|Has relative(s) in Western countries|0.00164|-0.0288|-0.0196|0.111|0.0160|
||(0.0406)|(0.0446)|(0.0858)|(0.0695)|(0.0521)|
|Father’s years of formal education|-0.00733<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.00679<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.00591|-0.0114<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00925<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00288)|(0.00301)|(0.00548)|(0.00392)|(0.00330)|
|Mother’s years of formal education|0.00649<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.00767<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.00624|0.000249|0.00851<sup>_∗_</sup>|
||(0.00358)|(0.00392)|(0.00648)|(0.00539)|(0.00460)|
|Household size (no. of people)|0.0126<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0151<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.00299|0.0128<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00304)|(0.00366)||(0.00642)|(0.00501)|
|Dependency ratio in household|-0.0231<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0306<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||-0.00851|-0.0302<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00934)|(0.0102)||(0.0169)|(0.0152)|
|Female head of household|-0.00442|-0.00354||0.00176|0.0294|
||(0.0201)|(0.0222)||(0.0336)|(0.0320)|
|Asset index|0.00428|0.00473||0.0172|0.00562|
||(0.00644)|(0.00700)||(0.0142)|(0.0121)|
|Food insecurity index (HFIAP)|0.0297<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.0402<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.0381|0.0486<sup>_∗_</sup>|
||(0.0133)|(0.0151)||(0.0332)|(0.0263)|
|Observations<br>_R_<sup>2</sup>|6664<br>0618|6671<br>0636|6671<br>0872|6671<br>0389|6671<br>0542|
|Fixed efects|.<br>Country|.<br>Neighbourhood|.<br>HH|.<br>Country|.<br>Neighbourhood|

Notes: All specifications consider the full cross-country sample of host respondents and include the full set of control variables described in Table A.3 in appendix. We consider three sets of fixed effects: country fixed effects (Columns 1 and 4), neighbourhood fixed effects (Columns 2 and 5), and households fixed effects (Columns 3). To show the association between perceptions and context-specific indicators such as living in an urban context or within a Somali community, Columns 4 and 5 do not control for the perceptions of neighbours. The perception and interaction indices are standardized to facilitate interpretation. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the highest level of sampling, which is neighbourhoods in contexts with two-stage cluster sampling and households in context with simple random sampling. Significance levels are indicated by * _p <_ 0 _._ 1, ** _p <_ 0 _._ 05, *** _p <_ 0 _._ 01.

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