monthly income of the family (all income sources, including other social benefits) is assessed and the thresholds are differentiated according to family size. There is also a home heating aid which is received by poor families as a cash support during the cold season (from November to March). The benefit entitlement is subject to income and asset testing and the benefit amount is differentiated according to the type of heating – energy provided in the centralized system, natural gas or wood, coal and oil fuel. Finally, there is a guaranteed minimum social pension, which is received by public pension system retirees if their public pension due or in payment is less than a threshold, and the benefit amount is the difference between the threshold and public pension.

**Table 2: Romania: General Government Spending, 2016**

||(in<br>Fiscal Ac|counts|Portion of<br>Accounts<br>analyz|Fiscal<br>to be<br>ed|Amounts in|survey|Ratio of total<br>amounts in the<br>survey and|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||<br>millions<br>of lei)|% of<br>GDP|(in millions<br>of lei)|% of<br>GDP|(in millions<br>of lei)|% of<br>GDP|external<br>statistics, %|
|**Expenditure**|<br>**242,016**|**31.7%**|**126,594**|**16.6%**|**97,973**|**12.9%**|40.5%|
|Social Protection|86,719|11.4%|74,651|9.8%|59,619|7.8%|68.7%|
|Contributory benefits|64,293|8.4%|64,287|8.4%|52,495|6.9%|81.7%|
|Pensions|59,817|7.8%|59,817|7.8%|50,407|6.6%|84.3%|
|Old age|49,168|6.4%|49,168|6.4%|39,888|5.2%|81.1%|
|Early retirement|886|0.1%|886|0.1%|1,998|0.3%|225.5%|
|Disability|4,400|0.6%|4,400|0.6%|3,306|0.4%|75.1%|
|Survivors|3,447|0.5%|3,447|0.5%|1,686|0.2%|48.9%|
|Agricultural workers|1,916|0.3%|1,916|0.3%|3,529|0.5%|184.2%|
|<br>Unemployment benefit|498|0.1%|498|0.1%|358|0.0%|71.9%|
|Indemnity for temporary work incapacity|953|0.1%|953|0.1%|67|0.0%|7.0%|
|Contributory family benefits|3,019|0.4%|3,019|0.4%|1,663|0.2%|55.1%|
|<br>Maternity allowance|695|0.1%|695|0.1%|67|0.0%|9.7%|
|Child raising allowance|2,060|0.3%|2,060|0.3%|1,596|0.2%|77.5%|
|Child raising incentives|264|0.0%|264|0.0%||||
|Other contributory programs|6|0.0%||||||
|Non-contributory benefits|10,399|1.4%|10,364|1.4%|7,123|0.9%|68.5%|
|Noncontributory family allowances|5,111|0.7%|5,111|0.7%|4,755|0.6%|93.0%|
|State allowance for children|4,416|0.6%|4,416|0.6%|4,299|0.6%|97.4%|
|Support allowance: families w/children|526|0.07%|526|0.1%|263|0.0%|50.0%|
|Placement allowance for children|169|0.0%|169|0.0%|193|0.0%|114.0%|
|Minimum social pension|917|0.1%|917|0.1%|455|0.1%|49.6%|
|Guaranteed minimum income|812|0.11%|812|0.1%|690|0.1%|85.0%|
|Heating aid|149|0.0%|149|0.0%|52|0.0%|35.1%|
|Disability benefits|2,297|0.3%|2,297|0.3%|945|0.1%|41.1%|
|Scholarships|971|0.1%|971|0.1%|83|0.0%|8.6%|
|Other indemnities|109|0.0%|109|0.0%|143|0.0%|131.6%|
|Other social benefits|34|0.0%||||||
|Other Social Protection spending|12,027|1.6%||||||
|Education|21,678|2.8%|21,678|2.8%|14,654|1.9%|67.6%|
|Health|30,265|4.0%|30,265|4.0%|23,701|3.1%|78.3%|
|Subsidies|6,605|0.9%||||||
|Other expenditures<br>_Source: National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Public Fin_<br>_1/ Includes -financed capital projects_|96,750<br>_ance, MFM_|12.7%<br>_od, World_|_Bank staff estim_|_ates_||||

- _Disability benefits_ are granted to people with disabilities and their amounts are differentiated according to the severity of the disability. We mention three such benefits: monthly allowance for

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