– Table 5 Perceptions of host populations about refugees with the cross-country sample (OLS regressions with controls as per Table 4)

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Panel A - Dependent variable: Ec**|**onomic Index**|||||
|PercetionswithinHH|0292<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0265<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||||
|p|.<br>(0.0266)|.<br>(0.0271)||||
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.426<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0231)|||||
|Living in urban context|-0.0591<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>|||-0.585<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>||
||(0.0239)|||(0.0861)||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|0.0803<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0195)|||0.590<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0972)||
|Observations|7417|7426|7426|7426|7426|
|R-squared|0.557|0.579|0.820|0.413|0.549|
|**Panel B - Dependent variable: Th**|**reat Index**|||||
|Perceptions within HH|0.411<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.391<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||||
||(0.0216)|(0.0225)||||
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.260<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0156)|||||
|Living in urban context|0.0532<sup>_∗_</sup>|||0.395<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||
||(0.0273)|||(0.0895)||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|-0.0152<br>(0.0159)|||0.0847<br>(0.101)||
|Observations|7204|7211|7211|7211|7211|
|R-squared|0.376|0.394|0.750|0.094|0.289|
|**Panel C - Dependent variable: Ch**|**aracter Index**|||||
|Perceptions within HH|0.414<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.391<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||||
||(0.0224)|(0.0235)||||
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.315<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0183)|||||
|Living in urban context|-0.00250|||-0.275<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||
||(0.0236)|||(0.104)||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|0.0156<br>(0.0155)|||0.203<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0962)||
|Observations|7165|7173|7173|7173|7173|
|R-squared|0.514|0.533|0.814|0.298|0.451|
|**Panel D - Dependent variable: Ri**|**ghts Index**|||||
|Perceptions within HH|0.452<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.433<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||||
||(0.0202)|(0.0211)||||
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.246<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0141)|||||
|Living in urban context|0.0614<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|||0.315<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||
||(0.0251)|||(0.0801)||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|0.0296<sup>_∗_</sup><br>(0.0171)|||0.238<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0994)||
|Observations|7237|7246|7246|7246|7246|
|R-squared|0.433|0.452|0.785|0.171|0.326|
|Fixed efects|Country<br>Ne|ighbourhood|HH|Country<br>N|eighbourhood|

Notes: All specifications consider the full cross-country sample of host respondents and include the full set of control variables described in Table A.3 in appendix. We consider three sets of fixed effects: country fixed effects (Columns 1 and 4), neighbourhood fixed effects (Columns 2 and 5), and households fixed effects (Columns 3). To show the association between perceptions and context-specific indicators such as living in an urban context or within a Somali community, Columns 4 and 5 do not control for the perceptions of neighbours. We consider four different outcome indices regarding refugees’ economic contribution (Panel A), perceived threats from presence of refugees (Panel B), refugees’ character (Panel C) and refugee rights (Panel D). The perception and interaction indices are standardized to facilitate interpretation. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the highest level of sampling, which is neighbourhoods in contexts with two-stage cluster sampling and households in context with simple random sampling. Significance levels are indicated by * _p <_ 0 _._ 1, ** _p <_ 0 _._ 05, *** _p <_ 0 _._ 01.

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