Table 10: Variables affecting the passthrough between growth in HCFE per capita and household welfare

||Survey mean<br>(N=5|to HFCE<br>05)|Survey mea<br>(N=1,|n to HFCE<br>482)|Poverty t<br>(N=5|o HFCE<br>05)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||-1||-2||-3||
||Coefficient|<sup>Sharpene</sup><br>dqvalue|<sup>Coefficient</sup>|<sup>Sharpened</sup><br>qvalue|<br>Coefficient|<sup>Sharpene</sup><br>dqvalue|
|**current values**|||||||
|Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15<br>|0.016*|0.058|0.009*|0.064|-0.034**|0.025|
|and above)|||||||
|<br>Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages|0.025**|0.011|0.016**|0.017|-0.051***|0.004|
|15-24)|||||||
|School enrollment, secondary (% gross)|0.016***|0.001|0.009***|0.002|-0.033*|0.081|
|Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant|0.018**|0.021|0.013**|0.029|-0.037|0.126|
|age group)|||||||
|School enrollment, primary (% gross)|0.019*|0.084|0.011*|0.087|-0.037|0.202|
|<br>School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)|0.022***|0.001|0.009***|0.002|-0.036|0.16|
|<br>Expenditure on secondary education (% of<br>government expenditure on education)|0.022***|0.005|0.014*|0.054|0.024|0.268|
|Urban population (% of total)|0.02***|0.001|0.01***|0.002|-0.044**|0.036|
|Rural population (% of total population)|-0.02***|0.001|-0.01***|0.002|0.044**|0.036|
|Urban population growth (annual %)|-0.157**|0.029|-0.094***|0.007|0.432*|0.087|
|Age dependency ratio (% of working-age<br>population)|-0.022***|0.004|-0.011***|0.006|0.059**|0.031|
|<br>Fertility rate, total (births per woman)|-0.274***|0.004|-0.164***|0.002|0.716**|0.031|
|Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)|-0.011***|0.001|-0.007***|0.002|0.023**|0.026|
|Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live<br>births)|<br>-0.012***|0.001|-0.007***|0.002|0.025**|0.025|
|Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live<br>births)|-0.011***|0.001|-0.006***|0.002|0.022**|0.026|
|<br>Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate,<br>per 100000 live births)|-0.001***|0.001|-0.001***|0.01|0.003**|0.026|
|<br>Population growth (annual %)|-0.261**|0.012|-0.15***|0.002|0.585|0.148|
|Rural population growth (annual %)|-0.255***|0.001|-0.161***|0.002|0.351|0.173|
|<br>Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000|-0.009***|0.007|-0.006***|0.002|0.018|0.111|
|women ages 15-19)|||||||
|<br>Life expectancy at birth, total (years)|0.051***|0.001|0.028***|0.002|-0.049|0.189|
|Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total<br>employment) (modeled ILO estimate)|0.02***|0.001|0.007**|0.015|-0.043*|0.072|
|<br>Employment in agriculture (% of total|-0.023***|0.001|-0.012***|0.001|0.038*|0.081|
|employment)|||||||
|Employment in services (% of total<br>employment) (modeled ILO estimate)|0.026***|0.001|0.015***|0.002|-0.045*|0.081|
|Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)|-0.028**|0.014|-0.022***|0.002|0.049|0.148|
|<br>Employment in industry, (% of total|0.053***|0.001|0.02**|0.015|-0.09|0.111|
|<br>employment) (modeled ILO estimate)|||||||
|<br>Rural accessibility index|1.242**|0.029|1.075***|0.002|-1.109|0.385|
|<br>Access to electricity (% of population)|0.012***|0.005|0.005**|0.038|-0.034**|0.025|
|<br>People using at least basic drinking water|0.028***|0.001|0.018***|0.003|-0.045*|0.078|
|services (% of population)|||||||
|<br>People using at least basic sanitation services<br>(% of population)|0.013***|0.004|0.007**|0.015|-0.035**|0.025|

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