Table 2: Treatment effects on other well-being and relationship quality indicators

||(1)<br>Relations|(2)<br>hip quality|(3)<br>Depressi|(4)<br>on index|(5)<br>Disagreement<br>escalated<br>into violence|(6)<br>Husband<br>drunk before<br>last quarrel|(7)<br>Husband<br>takes money<br>for himself|(8)<br>Husband<br>cheated on<br>wife|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Women|Men|Women|Men|||||
|Treated couple|-0.05|-0.01|-0.02|0.03|0.09***|0.05*|0.06**|0.02|
||(0.04)|(0.03)|(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.02)|
|Spillover couple|-0.19***|-0.18***|0.10**|0.15***|0.07***|0.07**|0.09***|0.07***|
||(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.02)|
|Observations|2,042|2,042|2,042|2,042|1,978|1,965|2,042|1,734|
|Baseline controls|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
|Control mean|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.10|0.36|0.37|0.12|
|Treated vs Spillover p-value|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.01|0.30|0.62|0.44|0.03|

_Note_ : OLS = ordinary least squares. Strata fixed effects included. Standard errors are clustered at village level, shown in rounded brackets. *** _p <_ 0 _._ 01, ** _p <_ 0 _._ 05, * _p <_ 0 _._ 1 Results show OLS estimates of direct treatment and spillover effects, and differences between effects on trained and spillover couples, not controlling for baseline values of dependent variables. Columns 1–4 use a weighted average of relationship quality and mental health variables. Columns 5–7 use dichotomous variables based on wives’ answers. In column 5, the dependent variable is equal to one if the last marital disagreement reportedly escalated into violence. In column 6, it is equal to one if the husband was drunk before the last quarrel. In column 7, it is equal to one if the wife reports her husband spends, on himself, money set aside for the household. In column 8, it is equal to one if the wife reports that her husband cheated on her. Control mean is the average value of the dependent variable in the control group.

Table 3: Backlash mechanisms: Behaviors

||(1)<br>Wife reports<br>husband<br>drinks<br>too much|(2)<br>Drank alcohol<br>to excess<br>in past month<br>Men|(3)<br>Number of drinks<br>in past month<br>Men|(4)<br>Formalized<br>marriage|(5)<br>Husband<br>took household<br>money for<br>himself|(6)<br>Minute<br>dome<br>care w<br>primary|(7)<br>s doing<br>stic or<br>ork as<br> activity|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||||Women|Men|
|Treated couple|0.07***|0.04|0.25|0.24***|0.06**|17.83**|12.34***|
||(0.02)|(0.04)|(0.41)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(8.30)|(4.40)|
|Spillover couple|0.12***|0.08**|0.86**|-0.00|0.09***|13.63|5.70|
||(0.02)|(0.04)|(0.36)|(0.02)|(0.03)|(8.46)|(4.41)|
|Observations|2,030|2,032|2,042|1,003|2,042|2,042|2,042|
|Baseline controls|Yes|Yes|No|No|No|No|No|
|Control mean|0.39|0.50|4.06|0.04|0.37|270.70|41.49|
|Treated vs Spillover p-value|0.05|0.35|0.13|0.00|0.44|0.66|0.20|

_Note_ : OLS = ordinary least squares. Strata fixed effects included. Standard errors are clustered at village level, shown in rounded brackets. *** _p <_ 0 _._ 01, ** _p <_ 0 _._ 05, * _p <_ 0 _._ 1 Results show OLS estimates of direct treatment and spillover effects, and differences between effects on trained and spillover couples. Columns 1 and 2 control for the baseline value of dependent variable (recoded to 0 if missing), as well as a dummy for whether the baseline response was missing. Columns 2 and 3 use variables based on men’s self-reported alcohol consumption. Column 4 restricts the sample to the couples who were not legally married at baseline and uses a dichotomous variable equal to one if they formalized their marriage between baseline and endline. Column 5 uses a dichotomous variable equal to one if the wife reports her husband spent, on himself, money set aside for the household. Control mean is the average value of the dependent variable in the control group.

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