Table 1: Long-differenced estimations of the impact of GQ improvements, comparing 2009 to 2000

|DV-Change inloggedvaluesof<br>manufacturing trait listed in column<br>|Output <br>|Employment<br>|Plant<br>count<br>|Avg.plant<br>size(emp.)<br>|Avg.plant<br>size(output)<br>—<br>|Laber7<br>_productivity<br>|TFPR<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|header:|(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|
||||A.|Young plants|(0-5 years)|||
|(0,1) Nodal district|1.037|0.917|0.711|0.489|0.522|-0.049|0.2844++|
||(1.011)|(0.893)|(0.643)|(0.481)|(0.498)|(0.247)|(0.129)|
|(0,1) District 0-10kmfromGQ|0.701++|0.270|0.088|0.311+|0.643++|0.409++|0.239++|
||(0.290)|(0.233)|(0.202)|(0.185)|(0.272)|(0.179)|(0.120)|
|(0,1) District 10-50 km fromGQ|0.062|-0.093|-0.046|-0.203|-0.040|0.226|0.121|
||(0.469)|(0.324)|(0.230)|(0.266)|(0.397)|(0.276)|(0.120)|
||||B. M|ature plants|(6-24 years)|||
|(0,1) Nodal district|1.420|1.235+|0.813|0.467|0.623|-0.078|0.105|
||(0.945)|(0.681)|(0.531)|(0.389)|(0.510)|(0.261)|(0.113)|
|(0,1) District 0-10km fromGQ|0.358|0.218|0.416++|-0.139|0.027|0.032|-0.014|
||(0.333)|(0.225)|(0.176)|(0.172)|(0.253)|(0.150)|(0.088)|
|(0,1) District 10-50km fromGQ|-0.055|-0.108|-0.173|-0.133|0.070|0.143|-0.007|
||(0.418)|(0.257)|(0.214)|(0.243)|(0.382)|(0.228)|(0.122)|
||||C. Old|plants (25 ye|ars and above)|||
|(0,1) Nodal district|1.142|1.054|1.198+|-0.036|0.064|0.036|0.278++|
||(0.809)|(0.787)|(0.651)|(0.364)|(0.359)|(0.166)|(0.126)|
|(0,1)District0-10kmfromGQ|0.335|0.197|0.342++|-0.013|0.012|0.157|0.048|
||(0.273)|(0.203)|(0.172)|(0.161)|(0.207)|(0.144)|(0.082)|
|(0,1)District10-50kmfromGQ|-0.540|-0.553+|-0.239|-0.507++|-0.374|0.150|-0.032|
||(0.415)|(0.288)|(0.260)|(0.233)|(0.314)|(0.192)|(0.099)|

Notes: Long-differenced estimations consider changes in the location and productivity of organized-sector manufacturing activity in 283 Indian districts from 2000 to 2009 from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI). Explanatory variables are indicators for distance from the GQ network that was upgraded starting in 2001. Estimations consider the effects relative to districts more than 50 km from the GQ network. Column headers list dependent variables. Young plants are those less than four years old. Labor productivity is total output per employee in district, and TFP is weighted average of Sivadasan (2009) approach to Olley-Pakes estimations of establishment-level productivity with repeated cross-section data. Outcome variables are winsorized at their 1% and 99% levels, and entry variables are coded at the 1% level where no entry is observed to maintain a consistent sample. Estimations report standard errors, have 283 observations, control for the level of district activity in 2000, and weight observations by log total district population in 2001. Initial district conditions include variables for national highway access, state highway access, and broad-gauge railroad access and district-level measures from 2000 Census of log total population, age profile, female-male sex ratio, population share in urban areas, population share in scheduled castes or tribes, literacy rates, and an index of within-district infrastructure. Estimations include state fixed effects as well.

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