(GEF) seeks to limit land degradation and improve the ecosystem’s resilience towards climate change in five districts of the Central Zambezi Valley. It aims at promoting sustainable rural livelihoods by increasing smallholder’s income. The five targeted districts are situated across the highly climate exposed provinces Zambézia, Tete and Sofala. In terms of climate adaptation, the project seeks to increase the regional predictive capacity and enhance sustainable land management in order to decrease pressure on the ecosystems. The project sees climate variability, including droughts and floods, as a risk to the achievement of its objectives (World Bank, 2006b). Based on scenarios for future climate change projected by the IPCC (2001), the project recognizes the associated risks of food shortage, land degradation and water and sanitation supply services mainly affecting the rural poor.

Notably, the project focuses on strengthening Mozambique’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and builds national institutional capacity to assess inter-linkages of hydrology, land cover and land use changes. It also supports a national database on climate, land use and hydrology to improve collaboration between national institutions, _e.g._ , INAM, CENACARTA (National Centre for Cartography and Remote Sensing), DNA and ARA (National and Regional Water Authority) (World Bank, 2006b). As the available data and information on land use in the Central Zambezi Valley is insufficient, the Smallholder Development project purchases satellite imagery to determine land cover and deforestation rates. These images will be made available as open source information according to a senior scientist at the World Bank, which is expected to stimulate the integration in larger data and decision support networks. Overall, the project is a good example on how to integrate adaptation to current climate variability and future change into agriculture, namely sustainable land management.

# **_Drought Mitigation Plan (EC)_**

The Drought Mitigation Plan is born out of an increased cooperation between the Government of Mozambique and the European Commission in the areas of food security and agriculture. Funding is provided to improve water management for agriculture and livestock production in Gaza and Inhambane. While both provinces receive comparatively little climate-sensitive ODA ( _cf.,_ Figure 1), they are both medium-highly exposed to droughts and related food insecurity. The project starts from the point that improved adaptation is needed to the recurring droughts in the South of the country including increasing irrigation efficiency, rehabilitating and developing water infrastructure and onfarm water management (FAO, 2006). Therefore, the Drought Mitigation Plan will identify further investment needs to build or rehabilitate water supply infrastructure providing flood regulation during the wet season and with this help stabilize base flow during the dry season.

Synchronistic support for water infrastructure and institutional capacity building is a crucial factor for assuring benefits from development investments. Consequently, the provision of technical assistance and training for climate adaptation is highlighted (FAO, 2006). Although the project well incorporates current climate conditions into its design, reference to future climate change is missing. This could well serve as an entry point for upgrading the design and implementation of project objectives.

# **_Disaster Risk Management along the Rio Búzi (GTZ PRODER)_**

GTZ PRODER supports the district development program, in which it places particular emphasis on disaster risk management in the Búzi district (Sofala province), which is highly exposed to floods and cyclones. Being part of the pilot phase of the Climate Protection Programme for Developing Countries (CaPP) initiated by the GTZ, the Búzi project has disaster prevention and preparedness components aiming at decreasing climate vulnerability. Measures include construction of new housing facilities on higher grounds away from flood prone areas, cyclone resistant rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and implementation of early warning systems for floods and cyclones.

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