**Table 2: Fixed effects estimates of impact of PSNP on post COVID-19 household food security**

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Food insecure<br>(had problems<br>satisfying food<br>need)|Food insecure<br>(had problems<br>satisfying food<br>need)|Food insecure<br>(had problems<br>satisfying food<br>need)|Food gap<br>in months|Food gap<br>in months|Food gap<br>in months|
||<br>Panel A: Using<br>|<br>household self-rep<br>|<br>orted PSNP partic<br>|ipation<br>|||
|Post COVID-19 round|0.117<sup>***</sup>|0.153<sup>***</sup>|0.109<sup>***</sup>|0.474<sup>***</sup>|0.533<sup>***</sup>|0.406<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.028)|(0.026)|(0.031)|(0.099)|(0.085)|(0.105)|
|PSNP*Post COVID-19<br>|-0.093<sup>**</sup>|-0.087<sup>***</sup>|-0.092<sup>**</sup>|-0.341<sup>**</sup>|-0.294<sup>***</sup>|-0.339<sup>**</sup>|
|round|(0.038)|(0.034)|(0.038)|(0.145)|(0.110)|(0.144)|
|Control for locust invasion|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|
|Household fixed effect|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Sampling weights applied|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|
|R-squared|0.022|0.050|0.024|0.032|0.066|0.037|
|No. observations|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|
||Panel<br>|B: Using amount o<br>|f PSNP transfers<br>||||
|Post COVID-19 round|0.117<sup>***</sup>|0.153<sup>***</sup>|0.109<sup>***</sup>|0.470<sup>***</sup>|0.528<sup>***</sup>|0.402<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.028)|(0.026)|(0.031)|(0.099)|(0.084)|(0.104)|
|PSNP*Post COVID-19<br>|-0.094<sup>**</sup>|-0.089<sup>***</sup>|-0.093<sup>**</sup>|-0.333<sup>**</sup>|-0.284<sup>**</sup>|-0.331<sup>**</sup>|
|round|||||||
||(0.038)|(0.034)|(0.038)|(0.145)|(0.110)|(0.144)|
|Control for locust invasion|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|
|Household fixed effect|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Sampling weights applied|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|
|R-squared|0.023|0.050|0.025|0.032|0.066|0.037|
|No. observations|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|
||Panel C:<br>|Using district-lev<br>|el access to PSNP<br>|<br>|||
|Post COVID-19 round|0.282<sup>***</sup>|0.268<sup>***</sup>|0.274<sup>***</sup>|1.130<sup>***</sup>|0.985<sup>***</sup>|1.034<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.065)|(0.065)|(0.068)|(0.242)|(0.200)|(0.246)|
|PSNP*Post COVID-19<br>|-0.220<sup>***</sup>|-0.161<sup>**</sup>|-0.218<sup>***</sup>|-0.865<sup>***</sup>|-0.615<sup>***</sup>|-0.824<sup>***</sup>|
|round|||||||
||(0.069)|(0.066)|(0.070)|(0.255)|(0.206)|(0.254)|
|Control for locust invasion|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|
|Household fixed effect|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Sampling weights applied|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|
|R-squared|0.027|0.050|0.029|0.039|0.069|0.043|
|No. observations|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|2994|

_Notes_ : Estimates are from linear regressions controlling for household fixed effects. The dependent variable in columns 1-3 is an indicator variable equaling one for households unable to satisfy their food needs. The dependent variable in in columns 4-6 is the food gap measured in months. Even numbered columns are based on weighted fixed effects regressions. Odd numbered columns are from unweighted regressions. PSNP participation is defined as: Reported receiving PSNP payments in 2019 (Panel A); Reported receiving at least 100 Birr in PSNP payments prior to the August 2019 survey round (Panel B); and Living in woredas where PSNP is operational at the time of the 2020 (Panel C). Standard errors, clustered at kebele level, are in parentheses.<sup>*</sup> _p_ < 0.10,<sup>**</sup> _p_ < 0.05,<sup>***</sup> _p_ < 0.01.

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