family honor. Within this section, a subset of five questions related to GBV consisted of very extreme cases of aggressive behaviors and sexual assaults.

**Table 1: Gender Attitude Questions in KMS 2013**

|**Section**|**Questions**|
|---|---|
|**Employment**|1 Woman should not go for outside employment if the economic conditions are better|
|(3 questions)|2 When women work, they are taking job away from men<br>3 It is shameful if a wife earns more than her husband|
|**General attitude**|4 Gender equality has already been achieved for the most part|
|(10 questions)|5 Work to achieve gender equality today benefits mostly well-to-do women<br>6 A woman’s most important role is to take care of her home and her family<br>7 A woman who does not carry out her domestic chores satisfactorily does not get the respect<br>of the community|
||8 It is shameful for a man to do work like sweeping the floor or washing vessels<br>9 Girls should be brought up to be submissive and modest<br>10 Boys should be brought up to be submissive and modest|
||11 Girls or women who are outspoken or assertive should be disciplined to behave<br>12 Boys or men who are outspoken or assertive should be disciplined to behave<br>16 A man loses respect in the community if his wife or daughter moves about freely outside<br>the home|
|**Decision-making**<br>(9 questions)|13 A woman who does not obey her husband does not get the respect of the community<br>14 A man who cannot control his wife does not get the respect of the community<br>25 A man should have the final word about decisions in his home<br>26 If you were to have only one child you would rather have a son<br>27 Women should leave the final decision to men about how many children to have and when<br>28 Women should leave the final decision to men about property matters<br>29 Women should leave the final decision to men about participation in religious or<br>community groups of various kind<br>30 Women should leave the final decision to men about participation in political organizations<br>31 Women should leave the final decision to men about participation in self-help groups like<br>Kudumbasree|
|**GBV**|15 A man has the right to beat his wife if she disobeys him*|
|(13 questions)|<br>17 A woman should tolerate aggressive behavior by her husband in order to keep her family<br>together*<br>18 A man should tolerate aggressive behavior by his wife in order to keep his family together<br>19 A woman should not report asexual molestation by others to avoid shame to her husband<br>20 A woman or girl who goes out alone after dark is herself to be blamed if she gets molested<br>21 Women’s immodest dressing provides men to behave badly toward them<br>22 A woman who has been sexually assaulted does not get the respect of the community*<br>23 When a woman is raped, she usually did something careless to put herself in that situation*<br>24 In any rape case, one would have to question whether the victim is promiscuous or has a<br>bad reputation*|
||<br>32 A woman who is regularly beaten by her husband does not get the respect of the community<br>33 A man who beats his wife does not get the respect of the community (reversely coded)<br>34 A man who obeys his wife does not get the respect of the community<br>35 A woman who obeys her husband gets the respect of the community|

Note: * denotes variables categorized as “extreme gender attitudes”.

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