- The **Sri Lanka: Emergency Northern Recovery Project** aimed to support government efforts to resettle IDPs in the Northern Province by creating an enabling environment through: (i) emergency assistance to IDPs; (ii) a work-fare program; and (iii) rehabilitation and reconstruction of essential public and economic infrastructure. The project closed in December 2013 and was rated satisfactory.

- The **Mitigate the Impact of Syrian Displacement on Jordan Project** assisted the government to maintain access to essential healthcare services and basic household needs for the Jordanian population affected by the influx of Syrian refugees. The project closed in July 2014 and implementation was rated satisfactory.

- The ongoing **Azerbaijan IDP Living Standards and Livelihoods Project** aims to improve living conditions and increase economic self-reliance of targeted IDPs.

- The ongoing **Lebanon Municipal Services Emergency Project** addresses urgent community priorities in selected municipal services, targeting areas most affected by the influx of Syrian refugees in order to mitigate the impact on host communities, including: (i) provision of high priority municipal services and initiatives that promote social interaction and collaboration; and (ii) larger works to rehabilitate/develop critical infrastructure in the areas of solid waste management, roads improvement, water and sanitation and community infrastructure.

- The ongoing **Jordan Emergency Services and Social Resilience Project** aims to assist municipalities and host communities to address the immediate service delivery impacts of Syrian refugees and strengthen municipal capacity to support local economic development.

- The **FATA Temporarily Displaced Persons Emergency Recovery Project** in Pakistan will promote child health, and strengthen emergency response safety net delivery systems in the affected Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) by promoting the early recovery of approximately 120,000 displaced families through cash grants.

- The **Great Lakes Displaced Persons and Border Communities Program** is a regional program under preparation to target IDPs, refugee and host populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia with investments in socio-economic services, livelihood support, land access and social cohesion.

- The **Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project** in the Horn of Africa will help improve access to basic social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for communities hosting refugees in target areas of Ethiopia, Uganda and Djibouti. The project is the first phase of an expanded program to include other countries affected by forced displacement.

# **C. Historical trends and patterns of forced displacement: Insights from available global data**

This section provides an overview of the available global data on conflict-induced forced displacement, drawing largely on UNHCR’s published data on asylum-seekers, refugees and IDPs.<sup>41</sup> Data are presented visually in a series of figures to highlight the scope and character of the current global forced displacement crisis and identify historical trends and anomalies. These data largely focus on the scale and trends in conflict-induced displacement (i.e. the numbers of forced displaced) with some coverage of other elements such as demographics, location and accommodation.

Globally, there has been an unprecedented increase in the numbers of displaced people over the last decade, largely explained by the expansion in the number of reported IDPs. Historical data show a substantial increase in the numbers of forced displaced (see Figure 3), however the expanding geographical scope and quality of displacement monitoring systems are likely to account for much of the increase in forced displacement figures. The numbers of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate have recorded a number of variations over time, peaking in the early 1990s (at a level 10 percent over 2015 numbers) with the conflict and displacement associated with the end of the Cold War. The number of Palestinian refugees steadily has increased steadily over time, largely as a result of natural growth. IDP numbers (for which the underlying data are the least robust) have recorded the largest progression as a consequence of: (a) the expanded scope of monitoring efforts (IDPs were not counted before 1989 and methodologies were 41 UNHCR’s data only include IDPs protected or assisted by the agency.