The measures of exporter dynamics also exhibit important variability across countries. Entry rates range from 22 percent in Brazil to more than 50 percent in Malawi and Yemen while exit rates range from 22 percent in Bangladesh to 61 percent in Malawi.<sup>35</sup> First-year survival rates of new exporters vary between 23 percent in Cameroon and 61 percent in Bangladesh. The magnitude of the survival rates in Table 2 suggests an extremely high attrition rate of new entrants after just one year in export markets, particularly in Africa. However, that is not a characteristic of less developed countries since high attrition rates of new entrants are also observed in Spain and Estonia.

**Table 3: Measures by Sector (2006-2008 Averages)**

|**HS 2-Digit Codes**|**HS Section Description**|**Number of**<br>**Exporters**|**Mean**<br>**Exports per**<br>**Exporter**<br>**('000s USD)**|<br>**Median**<br>**Exports per**<br>**Exporter**<br>**('000s USD)**|<br>**Share of Top**<br>**5% Exporters**|**Number of**<br>**Products per**<br>**Exporter**|<br>**Number of**<br>**Destinations**<br>**per Exporter**|**Entry**<br>**Rate**|<br>**Exit**<br>**Rate**|<br>**Survival**<br>**Rate**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**01-05**|**Live Animals and Animal Products**|108|1109|107|53%|1.9|1.9|49%|48%|38%|
|**06-15**|**Vegetable Products (including Animal and**<br>**Vegetable Fats)**|168|631|40|58%|1.6|1.8|50%|48%|36%|
|**16-24**|**Foodstuff (Beverages, Spirits, Vinegar, Tobacco etc.)**|147|1427|147|63%|1.7|2.3|46%|43%|38%|
|**25-26**|**Mineral Products (except hydrocarbons)**|199|9730|294|76%|1.3|1.6|54%|49%|36%|
|**28-38**|**Chemicals and Parachemical Products**|201|1205|50|73%|1.6|2.0|53%|51%|31%|
|**39-40**|**Plastics and Articles Thereof**|989|408|7|77%|1.9|1.8|54%|51%|33%|
|**44-46, 47-49, 94**|**Wood and Articles Thereof (including Paper &**<br>**Articles, Furniture)**|476|1221|55|73%|1.5|1.7|57%|56%|28%|
|**50-59, 41**|**Textiles (Including Raw Skins and Leather)**|153|413|30|66%|1.5|1.8|58%|57%|27%|
|**60-63, 64-67, 42-43**|<sup>**Apparel (Including Footwear, Headgear, Art. of**</sup><br>**Feathers, Fur, Leather Products)**|353|402|35|69%|1.9|1.7|58%|57%|28%|
|**68-70**|**Glass, Ceramics and Articles of Stone, Cement, etc.**|429|212|4|76%|1.5|1.7|60%|58%|26%|
|**71**|**Precious Metals (Pearls, Jewellery, Coin, Precious**<br>**Stones etc.)**|227|7503|473|78%|1.4|1.6|50%|47%|33%|
|**72-83**|**Base Metal and Articles Thereof**|327|2010|26|75%|1.5|1.6|60%|58%|26%|
|**84, 91-92**|**Mechanical Machinery (including Clocks and Music**<br>**Instruments)**|870|252|8|72%|1.9|1.6|62%|61%|24%|
|**85, 90**|**Electrical Machinery (including Optical, Medical,**<br>**Photographic Instruments)**|1183|737|8|76%|2.4|1.8|57%|54%|30%|
|**86-89**|**Transportation Vehicles**|326|1275|41|71%|1.4|1.6|65%|63%|24%|
|**93**|**Arms and Ammunitions**|25|523|39|69%|1.4|1.7|59%|61%|19%|

Note: the figures shown in the table for each group of sectors are based on measures in the country-year-product (HS 2-digit) level dataset (file CYH2.dta) averaged across HS 2-digit sectors, countries, and the 2006-2008 period.

> 35 Kuwait also exhibits a high entry rate but it covers a different sample period.

21