Table 1 presents summary information on the relative discrepancy, ∆ _ij_ , for sawnwood exported by Romania to all of its trading partners, not just those in Europe. In this table and subsequent ones, asterisks (<sup>*</sup> ) indicate the significance levels for tests of equality to zero. The mean discrepancy is negative for both NC and C sawnwood, but it is significantly different from zero only for the latter. The mean value for C sawnwood, –0.119, implies that imports reported by Romania’s trading partners were about 20 percent lower than exports reported by Romania.<sup>8</sup>

**Table 1. Relative discrepancy (** ∆ **_ij_ ) for sawnwood exported by Romania during 1982-97, aggregated across all importing countries.** Positive discrepancies indicate that reported imports were greater than reported exports; negative discrepancies indicate the reverse.

|_Product_|_Number of_<br>_observations_|_Mean_|_Standard_<br>_deviation_|_Minimum_|_Maximum_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|NC sawnwood|129|–0.034<br>|0.367|–0.997|+0.952|
|C sawnwood|124|–0.119<sup>***</sup>|0.377|–0.997|+0.989|

Notes: a. Romanian trade flows in the EFI Database are mainly for the 1990s. b. Sample includes only trade flows with reported imports and exports both ≥ 100 m<sup>3</sup> . c.<sup>***,**,*</sup> : mean is significantly different from zero at 1%, 5%, 10% level.

The standard deviations and the minimum and maximum values in Table 1 indicate that there was considerable variation in the discrepancies across the trade flows in the sample. Table 2 presents additional information on this variation. It shows mean discrepancies by importing country. It includes only countries for which the EFI Database includes at least five years of data (not necessarily consecutive) on imports from Romania. In the case of NC sawnwood, the mean discrepancy is significantly different from zero at a 5-percent level in just two cases, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The discrepancies are negative: imports reported by these two trading partners are smaller than the exports reported by Romania, especially when Sweden is the importer. The − discrepancy of 0.324 indicates that Sweden’s reported imports are about half as large on average as Romania’s reported exports. In the case of C sawnwood, the mean discrepancy is significantly − different from zero at a 5-percent level for just Saudi Arabia, but it is enormous: 0.756, which implies that imports reported by Saudi Arabia were on average just 14 percent of the exports reported by Romania.

In sum, for both products we find little evidence of large and statistically significant discrepancies with most trading partners. The exceptions are exports of NC sawnwood to Sweden and the United Kingdom and exports of C sawnwood to Saudi Arabia. Mean discrepancies are moderate to large (≤ −0.1 or ≥ 0.1) for a few other countries for both products but are not significantly different from zero at a 5-percent level, although this could be because the number of observations is so small. Note that the maximum number of observations in the table is only 9. **Table 2. Relative discrepancy (** ∆ **_ij_ ) for sawnwood exported by Romania during 1982-97, disaggregated by importing country.** Positive discrepancies indicate that reported imports were greater than reported exports; negative discrepancies indicate the reverse. Table shows only countries with 5 or more observations.

|_Country_|_NC sawnwood_|_C sawnwood_|
|---|---|---|

> 8 From equation (2), ∆ _ij_ , = –0.119 implies a ratio of reported imports to reported exports of (1–0.119)/(1+0.119), which equals 0.787: reported imports are approximately 20% (precisely, 21.3%) lower than reported exports.

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