# **Table 3. Conditional Correlations of Measures of Cognitive and Socioemotional Skills with Labor Outcomes**

||Log hourly<br>labor<br>earning|Being a<br>formal<br>worker|Being a<br>high-skilled<br>worker|Being<br>employed|Being<br>active or<br>in school|Having<br>attended<br>tertiary<br>education|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Method|OLS|Logit|Logit|Logit|Logit|Logit|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|Reading proficiency|**0.161*****|**0.063*****|**0.141*****|0.003|**0.021***|**0.199*****|
||(0.05)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|
|Extraversion|-0.009|0.001|-0.004|-0.007|0.009|-0.009|
||(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Conscientiousness|-0.034|-0.003|0.001|**0.044*****|**0.023****|0.002|
||(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Openness to experience|**0.082****|-0.020|0.020|0.011|**0.018***|**0.045*****|
||(0.03)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Emotional stability|0.008|0.027|0.006|0.018|0.009|**0.048*****|
||(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Agreeableness|0.023|-0.011|-0.007|-0.016|**-0.019***|0.001|
||(0.03)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Grit|-0.030|-0.020|0.013|0.005|0.003|0.003|
||(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Hostile attribution bias|-0.003|**-0.041****|-0.019|-0.010|-0.009|**-0.049*****|
||(0.03)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Decision making|0.013|0.012|0.019|-0.031*|-0.003|**0.055*****|
||(0.04)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Observations|1,372|1,576|1,801|2,117|2,356|1,717|
|R-squared|0.11||||||

_Source:_ Authors’ calculations based on Colombia STEP Household Survey (2012).

_Note:_ A worker is defined here as formal if he or she benefits from social security through his job. High-skilled workers hold occupations categorized as senior officials and managers, professionals, or technicians, as opposed to low- and medium-skilled workers such as clerks, service workers, machine operators, or laborers (jobless having held a job in the past year are also included). The outcomes of being employed and having attended tertiary education are restricted to adults ages 19–64 and ages 25–64, respectively. The classification is based on the International Labour Organization’s 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Standard errors are in parentheses. Conditional correlations are computed from ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions for labor earnings and logit regressions for labor supply outcomes. The bottom and the top 1 percent of the log hourly labor earnings distribution are trimmed. OLS calculations control for being a woman (dummy), age, age-squared, mother’s education (dummies; primary education is the reference category), and cities of living and their metropolitan areas (dummies; Bogota-Barranquilla-Villavicencio is the reference category). Logit regressions control for the same variables and a self-reported categorical variable on parents' involvement in one’s education at the age of 12 (three levels). Average marginal effects are reported for logit regressions and reflect the changes in the probability of being observed in a labor or school participation situation with respect to the variables evaluated at the mean. Measures of reading proficiency and socioemotional skills are standardized. Regressions coefficients and standards errors of reading proficiency are the average of the 10 estimations using plausible values.

* _p_ < 0.1  ** _p_ < 0.05  *** _p_ < 0.01

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