and the living standards improved in rural areas, the low level of wages hinders the willingness to migrate. The institutional fragmentation of the labor market goes beyond wage income (Hu, 2008; Lu and Song, 2005; Nielsen et al., 2007; Wu and Zhou, 1997). In fact, many unskilled migrant workers can only find jobs in the informal sector, which are often characterized by low and unstable wages along with less decent working environments (Liang, 1999; Liang and Ma, 2004; Liang and White, 1996; Day and Ma, 1994; Fan, 2002, 1999; Wang and Zuo, 1999, Guo and Iredale, 2004). Some studies (Gong, 2009; Jiang et al., 2008) suggest that related to the lack of stability of employment, migrant workers cannot stay in one place for a long time and have to move periodically or frequently.

Measures to strengthen an inclusive social protection system require improving the equal access to social services such as health care and education (and the quality of such services) and providing targeted support to the vulnerable, including migrant workers and their families. Appropriate design and implementation of the local policies, for example, provision of water and sanitation as well as health care clinics, in addition to the national policies are crucial. In an economy where the informal sector is non-negligible (the share of migrant workers who work in the informal sector is even larger), it can be a question for policy debate whether and how to use general revenue and user fees to fund such services. The potential sources of financing can include income taxes, property taxes, and value-added taxes.

# **References**

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