– Table 6 Perceptions of refugees about host populations in the cross-country sample (OLS and IV regressions)

|||_Dependent _<br>OLSregresssions|_variable: 1(host_|_s are trustwort_<br>IV|_hy)_<br>regressions||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|<br>(2)|(3)|(4)|<br>(5)|(6)|
|Interaction index|0.0131<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00461)|0.0136<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00519)|0.0172<sup>_∗_</sup><br>(0.0102)|-0.0123<br>(0.00792)|-0.00855<br>(0.00855)|-0.00550<br>(0.00801)|
|Perceptions within HH|0.168<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.156<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.165<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.161<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.00979)|(0.0103)||(0.00971)||(0.00985)|
|Perceptions among neighbours|0.207<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>|||0.146<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>||0.160<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>|
||(0.0111)|||(0.0152)||(0.0151)|
|Age|0.000203|0.000308|-0.000271|0.000482|||
||(0.00256)|(0.00259)|(0.00335)|(0.00257)|||
|Age squared|0.00000544<br>(0.0000336)|0.00000348<br>(0.0000340)|0.00000150<br>(0.0000435)|0.00000168<br>(0.0000339)|||
|Being female|0.0180<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00911)|0.0168<sup>_∗_</sup><br>(0.00920)|0.0106<br>(0.0118)|0.0152<sup>_∗_</sup><br>(0.00906)|||
|Being married/living w/partner|-0.00715<br>(0.0103)|-0.00448<br>(0.0104)|0.0119<br>(0.0161)|-0.00605<br>(0.0102)|||
|Living in urban context|-0.0147<br>(0.0137)|||-0.0422<br>(0.0408)|||
|Being Somali (refugees and hosts)|-0.0136<br>(0.0153)|0.166<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.0586)||0.0660<br>(0.0449)|||
|Has a job/an economic activity|-0.00671<br>|-0.0116<br>|-0.0104<br>|-0.00140<br>|||
||(0.00972)|(0.00984)|(0.0174)|(0.0105)|||
|Years of formal education|-0.0000817<br>(0.00117)|-0.000763<br>(0.00126)|-0.00185<br>(0.00194)|-0.000749<br>(0.00122)|||
|Has vocational training|-0.0253<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>|-0.0210<sup>_∗_</sup><br>|-0.00639<br>|-0.0201<sup>_∗_</sup><br>|||
||(0.0118)|(0.0126)|(0.0197)|(0.0118)|||
|Has good English skills|0.00730|0.0182|0.0188|0.0262<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|||
||(0.0124)|(0.0133)|(0.0195)|(0.0131)|||
|Has good local language skills|0.0113<br>(0.0154)|0.0101<br>(0.0177)|0.00517<br>(0.0243)|-0.00190<br>(0.0166)|||
|Heath index|-0.00417<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00394<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0000256|-0.00434<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|||
||(0.00135)|(0.00140)|(0.00247)|(0.00135)|||
|Mental health index (PHQ9)|-0.00235<sup>_∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00117)|-0.00357<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00129)|-0.00438<sup>_∗_</sup><br>(0.00242)|-0.00322<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00115)|||
|Has relative(s) in same site|0.00334|0.00151|0.0200|-0.00408|||
||(0.0107)|(0.0112)|(0.0192)|(0.0109)|||
|Has relative(s) in Western countries|-0.00655<br>(0.0127)|0.00202<br>(0.0142)|-0.0108<br>(0.0216)|-0.000972<br>(0.0140)|||
|Father’s years of formal education|-0.00305<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00110)|-0.00341<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00115)|0.000164<br>(0.00207)|-0.00327<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00108)|||
|Mother’s years of formal education|0.00178<br>(0.00194)|0.00171<br>(0.00210)|0.000797<br>(0.00324)|0.00127<br>(0.00202)|||
|Household size (no. of people)|-0.00929<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.00830<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||-0.00897<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|||
||(0.00202)|(0.00222)||(0.00201)|||
|Dependency ratio in household|0.0209<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00523)|0.0204<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00523)||0.0224<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00505)|||
|Female head of household|0.0331<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00904)|0.0379<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00975)||0.0405<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup><br>(0.00908)|||
|Asset index|0.0141<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0172<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.0158<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|||
||(0.00505)|(0.00542)||(0.00506)|||
|Foodinsecurityindex(HFIAP)|0.00267|-0.00858||-0.00997|||
||(0.00947)|(0.0107)||(0.00979)|||
|Efective F-Statistic||||336.8|340.1|368.0|
|Hansen J statistic (p-value)||||0.613|0.109|0.741|
|N|7451|7453|7453|7450|7450|7450|
|R-squared<br>|0.553<br>|0.568<br>|0.827<br>|0.554<br>|0.556<br>|0.545<br>|
|Fixed efects<br>Instruments|Country|Neighbourhood|HH|Context<br>_IHH_, _In_|Context<br>_IHH_, _In_|Context<br>_IHH_, _In_|

Notes: All columns consider the full cross-country sample of refugee respondents. The dependent variable is a dummy variable indicating whether the refugee respondents trust their host population. The OLS regressions (Columns 1-3) consider three sets of fixed effects: country fixed effects (Column 1), neighbourhood fixed effects (Column 2), and household fixed effects (Column 3). The IV regressions (Columns 4-6) consider context fixed effects only, as the instruments (perceptions of others) are defined at the neighbourhood- and household levels. The IV specifications consider three sets of control variables: a long list defined in Table A.4 in Appendix (Column 4), a list selected using the double LASSO procedure (Column 5), and no control variables except the averages of the perception index among other household members and host households living in the same community (Column 6). The perception and interaction indices are standardized to facilitate interpretation. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the enumeration area level to account for two-stage cluster sampling used in most of the research contexts. Significance levels are indicated by * _p <_ 0 _._ 1, ** _p <_ 0 _._ 05, *** _p <_ 0 _._ 01.

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