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|**Country**|**P**<sup>**a**</sup>**Diversification**|**Conservation**|
|---|---|---|
||vehicles. Government reports that its 2011 goal for bifuel vehicles<br>was nearly met.<br>The Development Plan for Renewable Energy Sources, which is a<br>part of the Plan for Economic and Social Development of the Nation<br>2007–2013, includes incentives for alternative, renewable, and<br>environmentally sustainable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass,<br>mini- and micro-hydropower, geothermal) while concurrently aiming<br>to increase electricity generation with fossil fuel.|<br> <br>energy conservation campaigns ineffective.<br>In Oct 2009, government issued a decree<br>creating a power ministry and banning<br>imports of inefficient electric devices. In<br>2009, football teams played during the day<br>to save electricity. Effective Jul 2011,<br>government imposed surcharges on those<br>who did not reduce consumption by 10%,<br>and offered discounts to households that<br>reduced by 10–20% and higher discounts for<br>reductions of more than 20%. The<br>parliament passed an EE law in Nov 2011,<br>limiting monthly consumption to 500–1500<br>kWh depending on location, above which<br>much higher charges are incurred.<br>**_Efficient lighting_**: Tens of millions of CFLs<br>have been distributed.|
|Vietnam|**_Liquid biofuels_**: Vietnam targets meeting 1% of gasoline demand<br>with ethanol by 2015. Ethanol feedstocks are cassava and sugarcane.<br>As part of government’s biofuel development master plan,<br>PetroVietnam started selling E5 in 5 cities in Aug 2010, and plans to<br>sell it nation-wide in 2012.<br>Vietnam plans to diversify to coal in power generation, targeting<br>50% of power from coal by 2020.<br>**_Alternative energy targets_**: RE share of primary energy 5% by 2020,<br>8% by 2025, and 11% by 2050; RE share of power generation 5% by<br>2020.<br>Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) in Dec 2011 signed an agreement with<br>6 local companies to promote solar water heater.|<br> <br> <br> <br> <br>Vietnam had a power efficiency and<br>conservation program in 2006–10.<br>Government holds national contests for<br>effective energy management. Law on<br>Energy Efficiency and Conservation came<br>into effect in Jan 2011. EVN has an annual<br>campaign during the dry season between<br>Apr and Jun, aiming to reduce power<br>consumption by 10% from the year before.<br>EVN also promotes solar water heating.<br>Hanoi turned off one-third of street lights<br>after 11 P.M. in Apr–Jun 2011, and required<br>every office to turn off power after work<br>hours. A project promoting energy<br>conservation in small and medium<br>enterprises funded by the Global<br>Environment Facility reportedly saved<br>232,000 tonnes of oil equivalent during<br>2006–2010. Hanoi announced higher<br>parking fees in Jan 2012, which would<br>discourage driving.|
|Yemen,<br>Rep.|√<br>**_Alternative energy targets_**for 2025: RE share of power generation<br>15%, specific installed capacity targets for wind, solar PV,<br>concentrating solar power, geothermal, and biomass.<br>A national strategy for RE and EE approved in Jun 2009.|<br>RCREEE member. The national strategy for<br>RE and EE targets a 15% increase in EE by<br>2025, but the baseline is unclear.|
|Zambia|**_Liquid biofuels_**: The 6<sup>th</sup>National Development Plan for 2011–15<br>sets a series of increasing annual targets for blending ethanol in<br>gasoline and biodiesel in diesel, with E10 and B5 in the finalyear.|The 6<sup>th</sup>National Development Plan calls for<br>formulation and implementation of an EE<br>strategy.|

_Sources:_ IEA 2012b; USDA 2012a; REEEP; REN21 2012; IANGV; WLPGA 2012; Platts 2009c; Platts 2011a; Reuters 2010a; Bangladesh 2012a; _Cocha Banner_ 2011; IHS 2012b; _Platts Oilgram Price Report_ 2010; _Energy Economist_ 2011a; Xinhua News Agency 2012f; Dow Jones 2009b; IHS 2008; European Union 2012; Interfax 2009a; APA 2012; _Sudan Tribune_ 2009; _Capital_ 2012; UNECA 2012; Energy Foundation Ghana 2011; Asia Pulse 2011c; _Jakarta Globe_ 2012a; Dow Jones 2011a; Energy Partner 2012; Dow Jones 2009a; Kenya 2009; BBC 2009; APA 2010; Malaysia Digest 2012; Business News Americas 2010b; ISI Emerging Markets 2009; NamPower 2007; _Daily Times_ 2010 and 2012; _Baluchistan Times_ 2009; _Business Recorder_ 2010a; Business News Americas 2009; ADP 2010; Asia Pulse 2009; Shell 2010; SKRIN 2011; World Bank undated; _Sunday Observer_ (Sri Lanka) 2012; Sri Lanka News 2012b; _Daily News_ (Sri Lanka) 2012; Lanka News 2012; Asia-Plus 2009; Thai News Service 2011a, 2011e, 2012b, 2013a; _Platts Oilgram News_ 2012a; _Bangkok Post_ 2011; _Nation_ (Thailand) 2011; Dow Jones 2011b; EPPO 2012a; Business News Americas 2010a; Canadian Press 2009; Business News Americas 2011b; ADP