and private sector development and such<sup>initiativesasInfoDev.OEDspecifically</sup> recommends fostering essential experimentation,<sup>researchandapplicationsthatcan</sup> provide a basis for a more demand-led information<sup>infrastructuredevelopmentprogram</sup> by the World Bank, which would incorporate<sup>and build upon theInfoDev program.</sup> In response to several of the aforementioned<sup>needs identifiedbytheOED,the</sup> World Bank's Global Information and Communication<sup>Technologies(GICT) Department</sup> now addresses four strategic areas: broadening<sup>anddeepeningsectorandinstitutional</sup> reform; increasing access to information infrastructure;<sup>supportingICThumancapacity;</sup> and, supporting ICT applications. The first<sup>area helpscreatethe overallenvironmentfor</sup> adoption of ICT, while the other three areas<sup>sharespecificgoalswiththescience,</sup> technology, education, and productivity concerns<sup>thatarethesubject of this paper. One</sup> example of this is the ICT Strategy's emphasis<sup>on the need tobuild humancapacity,both</sup> for general pedagogy and for sector-specific<sup>applications:"themostimportantuseof</sup> ICT in education is as a pedagogical tool,<sup>when properlyintegratedintoabroader</sup> educational program. However, there is also<sup>a need forICT to beused to developsector-</sup> specific skills and capacity." Other areas, such as fostering public-private<sup>partnership,</sup> also show significant overlap with and are<sup>complementarytotheconcernsof S&Tin</sup> development.

Lessons from the Development Grant Facility's<sup>SupporttoS&Tluniatives.</sup> A review of the funding priorities of the Development<sup>GrantFacility(DGF)reinforces</sup> the critical role that S&T issues play in development. Close to two-thirds of total DGF funding goes to S&T-related programs and priorities.<sup>Somegrants,suchassupportfor</sup> the Global Forum for Health Research are at<sup>or near best practicefortryingtouseS&T</sup> capacity to reduce poverty. Many others fund important specific activities<sup>andform</sup> strategic partnerships for progress against specific<sup>S&T-related problemsin development.</sup> However, the weight of S&T in this important<sup>developmentfinancing instrumentonly</sup> serves to emphasize the need for a comprehensive<sup>strategy for S&Tcapacity buildingin</sup> World Bank client countries. Experience to<sup>date is not encouraging.Theresearchof the</sup> CGLAR has clearly contributed to many breakthroughs<sup>inagriculturalresearch,however,</sup> while historically the largest DGF grant recipient,<sup>it hasrecognizedthemodestgainsit</sup> has made in capacity building in the developing<sup>world.Worse, perhaps,collaboration</sup> with the CGIAR in the World Bank's<sup>operationalsupporttocapacity buildingfor</sup> agricultural research has been minimal. The<sup>mostprominentlesson learnedfromDGF</sup> experience is that the knowledge gained from<sup>global public goodsprogramsis not being</sup> adequately utilized in country programs to the greatest extent<sup>possible.</sup> The following table itemizes the DGF programs,<sup>bycategory,thatrelateto</sup> science and technology. The S&T-related programs<sup>constitutealmost$100 million of the</sup> DGF's $145 million annual expenditures.

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