<!-- Start of picture text --> a) Concern for quality, grief over Akande 1994; Boyd and<br>business loss/failure, job Gumpert 1983; Buttner 1992;<br>involvement/immersion in the Gumpert and Boyd 1984;<br>business, need for achievement and Kets de Vries 1985;<br>control, desire for applause, sense Parasuraman and Simmers<br>Internal and work‐<br>of distrust, and projecting a strong 2001; Parasuraman and<br>life balance<br>self‐image. others 1996; and Shepherd<br>stressors<br>2003.<br>b) Working long hours; work‐life<br>conflict, for example, difficulty<br>relaxing and no ‘real’ time off; and<br>trade‐off decisions between family<br>and work.<br><!-- End of picture text -->

||a) Concern for quality, grief over<br>business<br>loss/failure,<br>job|Akande 1994; Boy<br>Gumpert 1983; Buttne|d and<br>r 1992;|
|---|---|---|---|
|Internal and work‐<br>life balance<br>stressors|involvement/immersion<br>in<br>the<br>business, need for achievement and<br>control, desire for applause, sense<br>of distrust, and projecting a strong<br>self‐image.<br>b) Working<br>long<br>hours;<br>work‐life<br>conflict, for example, difficulty<br>relaxing and no ‘real’ time off; and<br>trade‐off decisions between family<br>and work.|Gumpert and Boyd<br>Kets<br>de<br>Vries<br>Parasuraman and Si<br>2001;<br>Parasuraman<br>others 1996; and Sh<br>2003.|1984;<br>1985;<br>mmers<br> <br>and<br>epherd|
|Stressors related to<br>the job or role itself|Geography and expansion, paper work<br>and taxation issues, responsibility, role<br>stress, stakeholder expectations, time<br>commitment, and workload.|Buttner 1992; Feldm<br>Bolino 2000; Gumpe<br>Boyd 1984; Harris and<br>1999; Ortqvist and<br>2007;<br>Parasuraman<br>Simmers 2001; Parasu<br>and others 1996;<br>1996; Shepherd and<br>2010; Vasumathi and<br>2003;<br>and<br>Wincen<br>Ortqvist 2009.|an and<br>rt and<br>others<br>others<br> <br>and<br>raman<br>Rahim<br>others<br>others<br>t<br>and|
|Unpredictability/risk<br>category|Ambiguity, insecurity, uncertainty; and<br>financial, career, family, social and<br>environmental<br>risks;<br>exposure<br>to<br>trauma.|Buttner 1992; Feldm<br>Bolino<br>2000;<br>Good<br>others 2006; Liles 197<br>in Vasumathi and<br>2003); Mazurana and<br>2014;<br>and<br>Savoca<br>Rosenheck 2000.|an and<br> <br>and<br>4 (cited<br>others<br>others<br> <br>and|

<!-- Start of picture text --> Geography and expansion, paper work Buttner 1992; Feldman and<br>and taxation issues, responsibility, role Bolino 2000; Gumpert and<br>stress, stakeholder expectations, time Boyd 1984; Harris and others<br>commitment, and workload. 1999; Ortqvist and others<br>2007; Parasuraman and<br>Stressors related to<br>Simmers 2001; Parasuraman<br>the job or role itself<br>and others 1996; Rahim<br>1996; Shepherd and others<br>2010; Vasumathi and others<br>2003; and Wincent and<br>Ortqvist 2009.<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Ambiguity, insecurity, uncertainty; and Buttner 1992; Feldman and<br>financial, career, family, social and Bolino 2000; Good and<br>environmental risks; exposure to others 2006; Liles 1974 (cited<br>Unpredictability/risk<br>trauma. in Vasumathi and others<br>category<br>2003); Mazurana and others<br>2014; and Savoca and<br>Rosenheck 2000.<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors’ notes based on Grant and Ferris (2017) All businesses face some common kinds of stressors. There are stressors related to the business environment, such as increased competition, insufficient time or space, technological development, conflicting demands from stakeholders, and so on. In addition, there are some typical operational stressors, such as cash flow management, recruiting and retaining staff, meeting targets, coping with red tape, work‐life‐balance, and so on. All of these stressors have been shown to increase job stress and anxiety (Ahmad and Salim 2009; Edwards 1992; Hall and Savery 1986; Robertson 2004; and Rythonen and Strandvik 2005).

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