Table 4. The Impact of Violence on Enrollment Rates by Gender Using Census Data

|**Panel A. Males**<br>Dependent variable: enrollmen<br>rates|t||2000-2010|||||||2005|-2010|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Ages 6-11|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24|Ages 6-11|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24|Ages 6-11|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|(9)|(10)|(11)|(12)|(13)|(14)|(15)|
|Homicide Rate|-0.000235**<br>(0.000104)|0.000145<br>(0.000276)|0.000397<br>(0.000364)|3.87e-05<br>(0.000284)|-5.09e-05<br>(0.000250)|-0.000134<br>(0.000123)|0.000572<br><br>(0.000451)|0.000877<br>(0.000687)|-8.29e-05<br><br>(0.000474)|-5.96e-05<br>(0.000553)||||||
|Drug Related Homicide Rate|||||||||||1.36e-07<br>(4.96e-05)|0.000211*<br>(0.000128)|0.000367*<br>(0.000201)|-2.55e-05<br>(0.000134)|9.94e-05<br>(6.79e-05)|
|Constant|0.959***<br>(0.000625)|0.899***<br>(0.00132)|0.612***<br>(0.00221)|0.282***<br>(0.00181)|0.120***<br>(0.00145)|0.959***<br>(0.000687)|0.898***<br><br>(0.00170)|0.611***<br>(0.00293)|0.283***<br>(0.00238)|0.120***<br>(0.00222)|0.959***<br>(0.000642)|0.898***<br><br>(0.00140)|0.611***<br>(0.00250)|0.283***<br>(0.00213)|0.119***<br>(0.00148)|
|Observations|7,341|7,331|7,318|7,307|7,288|4,899|4,889|4,876|4,865|4,847|4,899|4,889|4,876|4,865|4,847|
|R-squared|0.595|0.656|0.727|0.725|0.692|0.675|0.726|0.776|0.779|0.754|0.675|0.726|0.776|0.779|0.754|
|**Panel B. Females**||||||||||||||||
||Ages 6-11|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17 <br>2000-2010|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24|Ages 6-11|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24 <br>2005|Ages 6-11<br>-2010|Ages 12-14|Ages 15-17|Ages 18-20|Ages 21-24|
||(16)|(17)|(18)|(19)|(20)|(21)|(22)|(23)|(24)|(25)|(26)|(27)|(28)|(29)|(30)|
|Homicide Rate|-0.000226*<br>(0.000124)|-0.000127<br>(0.000207)|-7.70e-05<br>(0.000461)|-0.000162<br>(0.000345)|-3.20e-05<br>(0.000197)|-0.000141<br>(0.000228)|0.000116<br><br>(0.000360)|0.000264<br>(0.000782)|-0.000107<br><br>(0.000608)|-9.40e-05<br>(0.000376)||||||
|Drug Related Homicide Rate|||||||||||-6.60e-05<br>(4.93e-05)|-1.83e-05<br>(0.000130)|0.000124<br>(0.000175)|-5.19e-05<br>(0.000144)|-7.39e-05<br>(7.94e-05)|
|Constant|0.963***<br>(0.000663)|0.902***<br>(0.00141)|0.628***<br>(0.00228)|0.286***<br>(0.00187)|0.114***<br>(0.00113)|0.962***<br>(0.000844)|0.901***<br><br>(0.00169)|0.627***<br>(0.00303)|0.286***<br>(0.00248)|0.114***<br>(0.00162)|0.962***<br>(0.000665)|0.902***<br><br>(0.00158)|0.627***<br>(0.00242)|0.286***<br>(0.00207)|0.114***<br>(0.00131)|
|Observations|7,346|7,325|7,324|7,306|7,313|4,904|4,883|4,882|4,865|4,871|4,904|4,883|4,882|4,865|4,871|
|R-squared<br>**Notes.** Dependent variable is the th<br>rate of 2.6). Drug-related homicides <br>effects. Data from years 2000, 2005|0.615<br>e enrollment rate<br> are collected by<br>and 2010 includ|0.698<br>for males by <br> the National C<br>ed in columns|0.768<br>age group, calc<br>ouncil of Public <br>(1) to (5) , and f|0.746<br>ulated from cen<br>Security (Cons<br>or years 2005|0.677<br>sus data. Homic<br>ejo Nacional de S<br>and 2010 in colu|0.668<br>ide rates are no<br>eguridad Pública<br>mns (6) to (15). S|0.719<br>rmalized accord<br>) of the Federal<br>tandard errors c|0.792<br>ing to the nati<br>Government a<br>lustered at th|0.787<br>onal homicide ra<br>nd include all de<br>e municipality lev|0.744<br>te per 100,000 <br>aths by "presu<br>el in parenthes|0.668<br> inhabitants in <br>med delinquent<br>es. *** p<0.01|0.719<br>2007 (general h<br> rivalry".<br>All re<br>, ** p<0.05, * p<|0.792<br>omicide rate of <br>gressions inclu<br>0.1|0.787<br> 8.3 and drug r<br>de municipality|0.744<br>elated homicide<br> and year fixed|

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