Table A.7: Technology sophistication in Agriculture - Harvesting

||**Manual**<br>**Harvesting,**<br>**Training,**<br>**Pruning,**<br>**or Picking**|**Animal**<br>**Aided**<br>**In-**<br>**struments**|**Human-Operated**<br>**Machines or Single-**<br>**Axle**<br>**Tractor**<br>**(One**<br>**Specifc Function)**|**Mechanized Process**<br>**(Fully Operated by**<br>**Worker)**|**Automated**<br>**(Supported**<br>**tal Technol**|**Process**<br> **by Digi-**<br>**ogies)**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Functionality**|Basic manual tasks (col-<br>lecting, cutting, prun-<br>ing).|Performs<br>basic<br>func-<br>tions<br>with<br>animal<br>assistance (e.g., tilling,<br>transporting).|Performs a specifc func-<br>tion (e.g., soil prepara-<br>tion, grass cutting).|Combines<br>cutting,<br>threshing, and cleaning<br>into one operation.|Combines<br>functions<br>threshing,<br>with high pr|multiple<br>(cutting,<br>cleaning)<br>ecision.|
|**Integration**|No integration, entirely<br>manual.|Limited integration, re-<br>lies on animal power.|Limited<br>to<br>single-<br>function tasks.|Mechanically integrates<br>multiple<br>harvesting<br>functions.|Integrates<br>computing s<br>optimized<br><br>resource use.|GPS<br>and<br>ystems for<br>paths<br>and<br>|
|**Automation**|No automation, fully re-<br>liant on human labor.|No automation, depen-<br>dent on human and ani-<br>mal labor.|Manually operated, no<br>automation.|Operated manually by<br>the worker, but mecha-<br>nized.|High level <br>tion, requiri<br>human inter|of automa-<br>ng minimal<br>vention.|
|**Rank**|5|4|3|2|1||
|**Reason for Rank**|Least sophisticated with<br>basic functionality, no<br>integration, and entirely<br>manual labor.|Low sophistication, re-<br>lying on animal labor<br>with no digital integra-<br>tion or automation.|Moderate sophistication<br>with efective function-<br>ality, but limited to sin-<br>gle<br>functions<br>and<br>re-<br>quires full manual oper-<br>ation.|High functionality with<br>integration of multiple<br>mechanical<br>functions,<br>but<br>requires<br>manual<br>operation.|Most sophist<br>advanced fu<br>full integrati<br>ital systems,<br>automation.|icated with<br>nctionality,<br>on with dig-<br> and high|
|**Technology**<br>**Exam-**<br>**ples**|Harvesting Bags, Felco<br>Pruning<br>Shears,<br>Hori<br>Hori Knife|Horse-Drawn<br>Reaper,<br>Ox-Drawn<br>Mower,<br>Animal-Powered Binder|Walk-Behind<br>Sickle<br>Bar Mower, Single-Axle<br>Mower,<br>Hand-Pushed<br>Seeder|Tractor-Mounted<br>Har-<br>vester,<br>Combine<br>Har-<br>vester,<br>Self-Propelled<br>Forage Harvester|GPS-Enable<br>with<br>Harve<br>tachment,<br>Combine<br>Smart Forag|d<br>Tractor<br>sting<br>At-<br>Auto-Steer<br>Harvester,<br>e Harvester|
|**Average Costs**|$30, $50, $35|$300, $250, $400|$600, $600, $450|$7,000,<br>$300,000,<br>$150,000|$200,000,<br>$350,000|$400,000,|
|**Launch Years**|1960, 1945, 1950|1800s, 1800s, 1850s|1960s, 1970s, 1960s|1920s, 1930s, 1940s|1990s, 2000s,|2010s|
|**ChatGPT ranking**|1|2|3.5|4|5||
|**Estimated time in a**<br>**task**|200 hours|50 hours|30 hours|2 hours|1.5 hours||

Source: The table draws upon various sources of information including desk research, and websites of various online sellers of agricultural equipment including John Deere, CLAAS, and Amazon Marketplace. *CHATGPT estimates the time for harvesting a 1-acre field of wheat, following similar characteristics of a given firm. The prompt for these estimates and CHATGPT ranking is available in the appendix.