# **Table 1 Classification of extended labor force (economically active and marginally attached population) based on European Social Survey data**

|No.|Category|Definition|
|---|---|---|
|1|**_Formal employment_**|Formal employment includes the following two groups:<br>(i) Employees holding an employment contract;<br> (ii)Persons workingfor own family‘s business and havinga contract.|
|2|**_Formal self-employment_**|Formal self-employment includes the following two groups:<br>(i) Employers with more than 5 workers;<br>(ii)Self-employed workingasprofessionals(without workers)|
|3|**_Informal self-employment_**|Informal self-employment includes the following two groups:<br>(i) All non-professional self-employed operating solely;<br>(ii)Employers with 5 or fewer workers|
|4|**_Family workers_**|Persons workingwithout a contract for own family‘s business|
|5|**_Informal dependent_**<br>**_employment_**|Employees (persons in a dependent employment relationship)<br>without a contract or who is uncertain of their contract.|
|6|**_Unemployed willing to_**<br>**_work_**|Persons which during the reference week did not work, were not<br>temporarily absent form a job, and were either actively looking for a<br>job or wantingajob but not activelysearching.|

_Notes:_ This classification is fully applicable to ESS data starting from round 2. In round 1, it was not possible to distinguish between categories 1 and 5. Moreover, due to data limitations, the classification is applicable to French data only starting from round 3, and to Romanian data - from round 4.

# **Table 2 Prevalence of informal employment in Europe, by region. 2008-2009**

_Per cent_

## **_A. Estimates based on current (during the survey week) status of respondents_**

||Empl<br>as a<br>Non-res<br>about c<br>exclu<br>a|oyees with<br>share of al<br>ponse<br>ontract<br>ded<br>b|out a cont<br>l employe<br>Non-res<br>treate<br>„No con<br>a|ract<br>es<br>ponse<br>d as<br>tract‖<br>b|T<br>Tot<br>employ<br>a|otal infor<br>al<br>ment<br>b|mal emplo<br>Extende<br>forc<br>a|yment as<br>d labor<br>e<br>b|a share of<br>Populat<br>aged 1<br>a|ion<br>5+<br>b|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|_South_|9.5|20.2|10.1|21.1|28.2|35.6|24.5|31.3|14.0|18.5|
|_West_|5.1|6.3|5.5|7.1|15.8|17.8|14.5|16.4|8.9|10.1|
|_East_|5.2|3.8|6.7|5.3|14.8|13.6|13.4|11.9|7.9|6.9|
|_North_|2.7|2.6|2.7|2.7|10.7|11.1|10.3|10.6|6.6|6.7|
|_Total_|5.8|8.0|6.6|8.6|17.4|19.3|15.7|17.4|9.4|10.4|

|**_B. L_**|**_ower bound_**<br>Non-empl<br>were rece<br>share of<br>Recent e|**_estimates o_**<br>oyed popul<br>ntly inform<br>current ex<br>mployees|**_f the pop_**<br>ation me<br>ally empl<br>tended la<br>T|**_ulation engag_**<br>mbers who<br>oyed, as a<br>bor force<br>otal|**_ed in informal employm_**<br>Total population rece<br>employmen<br>Extende<br>for|**_ent during_**<br>ntly engag<br>t as a shar<br>d labor<br>ce|**_the last y_**<br>ed in info<br>e of<br>Popul<br>aged|**_ear_**<sup>**c**</sup><br>rmal<br>ation<br>15+|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||a|b|a|b|a|b|a|b|
|_South_|2.7|4.7|3.6|5.5|28.1|36.7|16.1|21.7|
|_West_|2.0|2.8|3.0|3.8|17.5|20.2|10.7|12.4|
|_East_|3.3|2.9|4.1|4.0|17.6|15.8|10.3|9.2|
|_North_|1.1|1.1|1.5|1.5|11.8|12.1|7.6|7.7|
|_Total_|2.6|3.1|3.5|4.0|19.2|21.3|11.4|12.8|

_Notes:_ Total informal employment includes categories 3-5 (Table 1). See Table 3 for the list of countries in each of the four European region, as well as details on the period of field work. Note that South includes Italy with year 2006 data, whilst West includes Austria with year 2007 data.<sup>a</sup> Countries weighted by population. b Countries weighted equally (i.e. a respondent from any country is equally likely to be sampled). c Exact reference period varies by country, but on average it is close to 12 months in each of the four European region: 11 months for the North, 11.6 months for the West, 12.6 months for the South, and 14.6 months for the East.

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