MAKING SENSE OF AFRICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE ENDOWMENT: A BENCHMARKING APPROACH

**Table 2.7 Effect of country variables on infrastructure endowments, part 1**

<u>Cross-sectional OLS analysis, data in levels</u>

|Variable|Density of<br>roads|Density of<br>roads<br>(arable)|Density of<br>paved roads|Density of<br>paved roads<br>(arable)|Access to<br>water|Access to<br>sanitation|Access to<br>electricity|Generating<br>capacity|Internet<br>connections|Mobile<br>telephones|Fixed-line<br>telephones|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Income per|0.0001|0.002|0.0001|0.001|0.001|0.003|0.001|0.0001|0.003|0.056|0.021|
|<br>capita|(5.73)**|(3.07)**|(4.20)**|(3.15)**|–0.66|(2.76)**|–0.84|(4.87)**|(5.25)**|(5.75)**|(5.37)**|
||–0.515|–8.845|–0.288|–2.697|26.93|40.957|63.355|0.345|3.878|105.594|97.429|
|Urbanization|–1.66|–1.16|–1.06|–0.85|(2.66)**|(3.31)**|(4.81)**|–1.55|–0.59|–0.82|–1.89|
|Population|0.001|–0.007|0.002|0.003|0.031|0.007|0.019|–0.0001|0.01|–0.004|0.074|
|density|(4.29)**|–0.87|(5.53)**|–0.84|(3.04)**|–0.55|–1.4|–0.56|–1.49|–0.03|–1.36|
|Ub th|–0.052|0.451|–0.061|–0.052|–2.081|–4.273|–3.097|–0.095|–0.485|–16.292|–15.805|
|ran grow|–1.92|–0.67|(2.55)*|–0.19|(2.23)*|(3.66)**|(2.11)*|(4.62)**|–0.82|–1.43|(3.34)**|
|Fractionali-|0.036|–1.447|–0.048|–2.14|0.567|4.632|14.682|0.297|–0.583|71.167|–9.624|
|zation|–0.23|–0.38|–0.36|–1.37|–0.11|–0.72|(2.23)*|(2.56)*|–0.18|–1.08|–0.36|
||0.003|–0.197|0.005|0.198|0.507|–0.4|–0.717|–0.011|0.283|–6.042|0.024|
|Governance|–0.15|–0.39|–0.29|–0.96|–0.74|–0.46|–0.73|–0.74|–0.66|–0.74|–0.01|
|Infrastructure<br>|0.002|0.003|–0.002|–0.032|0.035|0.263|0.231|0.0004|–0.059|0.635|0.55|
|aid (per<br>capita)|–0.89|–0.07|–1.34|–1.81|–0.62|(3.76)**|(2.15)*|–0.33|–1.38|–0.72|–1.69|
|Afi|–0.119|–1.954|0.034|1.226|–7.198|–19.246|–35.293|–0.198|–2.237|–73.992|–29.09|
|rca|–1.03|–0.69|–0.34|–1.05|–1.95|(4.27)**|(7.13)**|(2.37)*|–0.89|–1.39|–1.42|
||0.141|3.394|–0.001|1.001|–3.101|7.351|–5.68|–0.103|0.088|8.696|–1.339|
|Anglophone|–1.1|–1.08|–0.01|–0.78|–0.73|–1.41|–1.04|–1.08|–0.03|–0.15|–0.06|
||0.043|–0.113|0.061|0.01|–6.511|–0.918|1.79|–0.034|1.266|28.44|–2.927|
|Francophone|–0.36|–0.04|–0.59|–0.01|–1.68|–0.2|–0.39|–0.39|–0.5|–0.55|–0.14|
||0.012|–0.864|0.041|–0.397|–1.434|–2.953|–4.667|0.075|–0.131|20.189|–0.019|
|Landlocked|–0.12|–0.36|–0.49|–0.4|–0.44|–0.75|–1|–1.06|–0.06|–0.47|0|
|Oili|–0.109|0.698|0.037|0.213|–3.356|–6.323|5.269|0.001|–3.03|–53.872|–15.892|
|-exportng|–1.25|–0.33|–0.48|–0.24|–1.15|–1.79|–1.35|–0.01|–1.65|–1.48|–1.08|
|Conflict|0.09|0.104|0.003|–0.173|–6.223|5.548|–2.748|–<br>0.0001|–2.37|4.995|–2.097|
||–0.85|–0.04|–0.03|–0.16|–1.84|–1.36|–0.58|0.0766|–1.08|–0.11|–0.12|
|Exports|–0.0003|0.07|0.0004|0.038|–0.099|–0.068|–0.131|0.001|0.114|1.497|–0.029|
|(% GDP)|–0.15|–1.29|–0.2|–1.75|–1.38|–0.71|–1.44|–0.63|(2.45)*|–1.62|–0.08|
|Agriculture|0.002|–0.056|0.003|–0.004|–0.164|0.192|–0.196|0.006|0.052|–1.379|0.578|
|<br>(% GDP)|–0.52|–0.49|–0.71|–0.09|–1.05|–1.02|–1|–1.63|–0.52|–0.64|–0.73|
|Manufacturing|–0.008|–0.275|–0.006|–0.062|–0.294|0.113|0.572|0.002|0.138|2.601|0.304|
|<br>(% GDP)|–1.21|–1.79|–1.04|–0.96|–1.47|–0.46|–1.98|–0.56|–1.05|–0.97|–0.29|
||0.343|7.331|0.126|0.385|81.37|45.274|38.376|0.092|–4.259|44.459|41.711|
|Constant|–1.13|–0.99|–0.48|–0.13|(8.18)**|(3.51)**|(2.93)**|–0.42|–0.66|–0.35|–0.84|
|Observations|105|104|104|103|101|99|82|110|108|93|107|
|R–squared|0.62|0.28|0.55|0.35|0.61|0.74|0.87|0.69|0.63|0.74|0.74|

_Note_ : * = significant at 5%; ** = significant at 10%. T-statistics are reported below coefficients. Parentheses denote that T- statistics have been reported in absolute value.

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