_Table 4 Summary Statistics for the Experiment in Uganda Refugees_

||(1)<br>Reference|(2)<br>Phone<br>(original|(3)<br>Phone (PSW-<br>Lee)|(4)<br>Phone (PSW<br>– inverse)|(5)<br>Phone (PSW &<br>non-PSW)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Reweigh**|<br>weights)<br>**ting Target V**|<br>**ariables:**|||
|*Household Size|5.53|5.98|5.58|5.55|5.53|
|Dependent% of residents|0.55|0.51|0.54|0.54|0.55|
|*HH Size Squared|38.99|44.56|39.14|39.23|38.99|
|REGION==Kampala|0.05|0.09|0.06|0.05|0.05|
|*REGION==West Nile|0.66|0.59|0.67|0.67|0.66|
|*REGION==Southwest|0.29|0.32|0.27|0.28|0.29|
|Asset: Furniture/Furnishings|0.43|0.55|0.42|0.43|0.41|
|Asset: Motor cycle|0.02|0.03|0.02|0.02|0.02|
|Asset: Bicycle|0.07|0.09|0.07|0.07|0.06|
|HH has more than 1 room|0.55|0.64|0.55|0.56|0.56|
|Age of Head|39.31|38.49|38.08|38.47|39.31|
|Gender of Head(Male)|0.46|0.56|0.52|0.51|0.46|
||**Additional**|**SWIFT mode**|**l Variables**|||
|Arrived before 2008|0.05|0.05|0.04|0.04|0.04|
|Arrived between 2008 and 2015|0.27|0.34|0.28|0.29|0.30|
|Income Source 12M: Remittances|0.28|0.34|0.28|0.29|0.31|
|Scores forpca for asset ownership|0.73|0.67|0.69|0.69|0.70|
|||**Others:**||||
|#Sleeping Rooms|1.81|1.98|1.81|1.81|1.83|
|income source=wage and salary|0.21|0.24|0.23|0.22|0.22|
|Consumption: rice|0.14|0.20|0.16|0.16|0.16|
|Toilet_type==Flush toilet|0.03|0.06|0.04|0.03|0.03|
|Country of Origin==South Sudan|0.72|0.66|0.73|0.73|0.72|
|<br>Country of Origin==DRC|0.23|0.25|0.20|0.21|0.22|
|Country of Origin==Burundi|0.03|0.03|0.03|0.03|0.03|
|Countryof Origin==Somalia|0.03|0.06|0.04|0.03|0.03|
|Observations|806|437|437|437|437|

Note: Variables marked with asterisks are used both as reweighting target variables and as variables included in the SWIFT poverty projection model. To avoid repetition, we only include these variables in the first section (reweighting target variables) but exclude them from the second section (SWIFT model variables). Source: authors’ estimation using URHS 2018.

_III.4. Results from experiments with the Ethiopia ESS round 4 and HFPS round 7 data_

# <u>Background of the Ethiopia ESS and HFPS data and creation of a biased subsample</u>

The Ethiopia HFPS monitors the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on households by interviewing a sample of households over 15 months for twelve survey rounds.

The HFPS sample is a subsample of the 2018/19 Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey round 4 (ESS4). The ESS collects panel data on household and community characteristics in both rural and urban areas. Four waves have been conducted since 2011, and ESS4 is the most recent in 2018/19. ESS4 included a total of 6,770 households. In the ESS4 interview, households were asked to provide phone numbers, either of their own or that of a reference household (i.e., a friend’s or neighbor’s), so they can be contacted in the follow-up ESS surveys should they move from their sampled location. At least one valid phone number was obtained for 5,374 households. These households established the sampling frame for the HFPS. While the Ethiopia COVID-19 HFPS drew its sample from the ESS4 database, the final sample size decreased to 3,249 households due to non-responses.

The phone penetration rate in rural Ethiopia is around 40 percent, which contrasts with a phone penetration rate of over 90 percent in urban Ethiopia. The ESS4 data was used as a sampling frame, a reference survey for reweighting, and for developing the SWIFT-based poverty projection model for Ethiopia’s pre-COVID poverty estimates.

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