Table 4: Summary statistics of households registered in _Cadastro Unico_<sup>_ ́_</sup>

|||All Brazil|||RR & A|M|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)<br>Venezuelans|(2)<br>Brazilians|(3)<br>Di↵erence (1)-(2)|(4)<br>Venezuelans|(5)<br>Brazilians|(6)<br>Di↵erence (4)-(5)|
|Income per Capita|85.281<br>(143.137)|307.036<br>(417.804)|-221.755<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup><br>(20.503)|85.745<br>(119.18)|244.888<br>(381.645)|-159.143<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup><br>(11.516)|
|Extreme Poverty|.722|.485|.237<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.699|.565|.134<sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(.448)|(.5)|(.039)|(.459)|(.496)|(.016)|
|Poverty excluding Extreme Poor|.106|.209|-.104<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.108|.149|-.041|
||(.307)|(.407)|(.013)|(.311)|(.356)|(.007)|
|Infrastructure|.548|.542|.006|.501|.354|.147|
||(.498)|(.498)|(.073)|(.5)|(.478)|(.069)|
|Tertiary|.27|.035|.235<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.232|.029|.203<sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(.444)|(.183)|(.029)|(.422)|(.167)|(.018)|
|Secondary|.637|.427|.211<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.651|.472|.18<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|
||(.481)|(.495)|(.016)|(.477)|(.499)|(.007)|
|Children - 0_<_Age _<_=5|.259|.248|-.037<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.244|.33|-.069<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|
||(.438)|(.432)|(.007)|(.429)|(.47)|(.004)|
|Family Members|2.805|2.704|.101|2.658|3.143|-.486|
||(1.671)|(1.458)|(.15)|(1.598)|(1.835)|(.137)|
|Head- Months Worked|5.567|8.365|-2.798<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|5.539|8.008|-2.469<sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(4.174)|(4.185)|(.21)|(4.189)|(4.428)|(.219)|
|Head - White|.153|.285|-.132<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.115|.069|.046<sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(.36)|(.451)|(.04)|(.319)|(.253)|(.006)|
|Head - Female|.664|.816|-.152<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|.665|.798|-.133<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|
||(.472)|(.388)|(.008)|(.472)|(.401)|(.007)|
|Head Age|36.624|43.479|-6.855<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>|37.007|41.582|-4.575 <sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(12.263)|(16.044)|(.534)|(12.663)|(16.251)|(.53)|
|Head Employed|.542|.499|.043|.618|.533|.085<sup>_⇤_</sup>|
||(.498)|(.5)|(.042)|(.486)|(.499)|(.01)|
|Head Self-Employed|.461|.301|.16<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|.592|.36|.232<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|
||(.498)|(.459)|(.075)|(.491)|(.48)|(.005)|
|Head - Agriculture|.019|.142|-.12<sup>_⇤⇤⇤_</sup>3|.021|.191|-.171<sup>_⇤⇤_</sup>|
||(.137)|(.349)|(.024)|(.142)|(.393)|(.009)|
|Observations|18,480|23,430,686||12,159|632,463||

> _⇤ p <_ 0 _._ 05, _⇤⇤ p <_ 0 _._ 01, _⇤⇤⇤ p <_ 0 _._ 001. The standard error is in parentheses and is clustered at the province level. All refers to all of Brazil, RR stands for Roraima and AM stands for Amazonas. The di↵erence in column (3) refers to the di↵erence between column (1) and column (2), while the di↵erence in column (6) refers to the di↵erence between column (4) and column (5) . The sample is restricted to those, who have updates information in the last 24 months.

Table 5 shows that about 6,000 Venezuelans receive _Bolsa Familia_ , compared to 11 million Brazilians. It reports the demographics of registered households receiving _Bolsa Familia_ cash transfers in December 2019 by their nationality and reveals important di↵erences between the two groups. The average income of those receiving PBF is lower and about 84% of Brazilians live in extreme poverty compared to 85% Venezuelans (Figure 7a). The average income of Venezuelan is lower than Brazilian, while the extreme poverty rate is higher. They are more educated and have lower number of children than their fellow Brazilian PBF beneficiaries. Figure 7b shows that 42% of the Venezuelan PBF beneficiaries have high school education, while 15% have college degrees, compared to 19% of Brazilian PBF beneficiaries having high school degrees and 1% of Brazilian PBF beneficiaries having college degrees. Table 5 shows that the Venezuelan PBF beneficiary households are also less likely to be led by women. Venezuelan heads of the households, who are receiving PBF, are also less likely to be employed and even when employed, are more likely to be self-employed and work for lower number of months that their Brazilian peers. Venezuelans receiving PBF are also more likely to have simultaneous access to water supply, garbage collection, adequate sanitation and electricity than the Brazilian counterparts, which is a result of most of them living in urban areas and in shelters.

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