|**Table A28: World Economic Forum(cont.)**||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||2005|2004|2003|2002|2000|1998|1996|
|**Regulatory Quality**||||||||
|<br>Administrative regulations are burdensome|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Tax system is distortionary<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X|X<br>|X<br>|
|Import barriers as obstacle to growth<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|..|X<br>|X|
|Competition in local market is limited|X|X|X|X|..|X|..|
|It is easy to start company<br>|..<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|..|X<br>|..<br>|
|Anti monopoly policy is lax and ineffective|X|X|X|X|..|X|X|
|Environmental regulations hurt competitiveness<br>|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Cost of tariffs imposed on business|..|X|X|X|..|X|X|
|<br>Government subsidies keep uncompetitive industries alive artificially|..|..|X|X|..|..|X|
|Complexity of Tax System<br>|X|X|..|..|..|..<br>|..|
|Domestic banks are protected from foreign competition|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Barriers to entry in banking sector are very high|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Interest rates are heavily regulated<br>|..|..|..|..|..|X<br>|..|
|Private sector participation in infrastructure projects is not permitted|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Costs of uncertain rules, laws, or government policies (GCSA)<br>|..|..|..|..|..|X<br>|..|
|Tranfer costs associated with exporting capital as an obstacle to business (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|<br>General uncertainty on costs of regulations as an obstacle to business (GCSA)<br>Openness of public sector contracts to foreign investors (GCSA)<br>|..<br>..|..<br>..|..<br>..|..<br>..|..<br>..|X<br>X<br>|..<br>..|
|Policies for dividend remittances as obstacles to development (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Dominance of state owned or state controlled enterpriese (GCSA)<br>|..|..|..|..|..|X<br>|..|
|State interference in private business (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|<br>Regulatory discretionality (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Price controls as an obstacle to business develpoment (GCSA)||||||X||
|<br>|..|..|..|..|..||..|
|Regulations on foreign trade as an obstacle to business develpoment (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Foreign currency regulations as an obstacle to business develpoment (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|**Rule of Law**||||||||
|Common crime imposes costs on business<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|..<br>|..<br>|..<br>|
|Organized crime imposes costs on business|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Money laundering through banks is pervasive<br>|X|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|..|..|..|
|Money laundering through non-banks is pervasive|..|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|<br>Quality of Police|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Insider trading is pervasive<br>|..|X|X|X|..|..|X|
|The judiciary is independent from political influences of government, citizens, or firms|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Legal framework to challenge the legality of government actions is inefficient|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Intellectual Property protection is weak|X|X|X|X|..|X|X|
|<br>Protection of financial assets is weak|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|
|Illegal donation to parties are frequent<br>|..|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Private businesses are morel likely to settle disputes outside courts.|..|..|..|..|X|..|..|
|<br>Compliance with court rulings and /or arbitration awards (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Legal system effectiveness at enforcing commercial contracts (GCSA)<br>|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Citizens’ willingness to accept legal means to adjudicate disputes rather than depending||||||||
|on physical force or illegal means (GCSA)|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|
|Percentage of firms which are unofficial or unregistered / Tax evasion|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Control of Corruption**||||||||
|<br>Public trust in financial honesty of politicians|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Extent to which legal contributions to political parties are misused by politicians<br>Diversion of public funds due to corruption is common|..<br>X|X<br>X|X<br>X|X<br>X|..<br>..|..<br>..|..<br>..|
|<br>Frequency of bribery in the economy|X|X|X|X|..|X|..|
|Frequentforfirmstomakeextrapaymentsconnectedto:publicutilitiestaxpayments||||||||
|, ,<br>loan applications, awarding of public contracts, influencing laws, policies regulations,<br>decrees, getting favourable judicial decisions|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Extent to which firms' illegal payments to influence government policies impose costs on||||||||
|<br>other firms|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Extent to which influence of powerful firms with political ties impose costs on other firms||||||||
||X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|_Country Coverage:_|_117_|_104_|_101_|_88_|_80_|_74_|_58_|

81