**Table 1:** The Role of Omitted Variables: Tariffs and Globalization Trends

||||Al|l Provisions||||||Leg. Enf|orcable Prov|isions|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)<br>No Tariffs|(2)<br>WITS|(3)<br>New GTD|(4)<br>New GTD|(5)<br>MFN|(6)<br>Glob|(7)<br>Glob-MFN|(8)<br>No Tariffs|(9)<br>WITS|(10)<br>New GTD|(11)<br>New GTD|(12)<br>MFN|(13)<br>Glob|(14)<br>Glob-MFN|
|**(A) Baseline (20**|**00-2015)**, F<br>|E: i-s-t, j-s-<br>|t, i-j-s||||||||||||
|Deep TAs|0.25<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.21<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.14|0.15<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.07|0.08|0.06|0.27<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.22<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.14|0.17<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.07|0.08|0.06|
||(0.10)|(0.09)|(0.09)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.06)|(0.07)|(0.12)|(0.12)|(0.12)|(0.10)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.08)|
|Shallow TAs|0.02|-0.01|-0.07|-0.06|-0.04|-0.01|-0.01|0.06|0.03|-0.03|-0.02|-0.02|0.01|0.01|
||(0.10)|(0.10)|(0.10)|(0.09)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.07)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.06)|
|Enabl. Clause|0.05|0.04|0.00|0.00|0.03|0.04|0.05|0.04|0.03|-0.00|-0.01|0.03|0.04|0.05|
||(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.05)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.07)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.07)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.06)|
|_ln_(1 +_τ_)||-1.08<sup>_∗_</sup>|-2.99<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-2.90<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.65<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.22<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.98<sup>_∗∗_</sup>||-1.10<sup>_∗_</sup>|-2.98<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-2.88<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.64<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.22<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.97<sup>_∗_</sup>|
|||(0.59)|(0.81)|(0.84)|(0.60)|(0.63)|(0.50)||(0.59)|(0.81)|(0.84)|(0.61)|(0.64)|(0.51)|
|MFN Openness|||||0.04<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.01|||||0.04<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.01|
||||||(0.01)||(0.01)|||||(0.01)||(0.01)|
|N|474,312|360,522|360,522|474,312|474,312|474,312|474,312|474,312|360,522|360,522|474,312|474,312|474,312|474,312|
|**(B) Long Sampl**|**e (Manuf.**|**and Agri.,**|**1989-2015)**,|FE: i-s-t, j-s|-t, i-j-s||||||||||
|Deep TAs<br>17|0.30<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.15<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.05|0.16<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.03|0.05|0.01|0.36<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.15<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.03|0.20<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.05|0.08|0.02|
||(0.08)|(0.06)|(0.05)|(0.08)|(0.06)|(0.06)|(0.07)|(0.10)|(0.09)|(0.09)|(0.10)|(0.07)|(0.09)|(0.08)|
|Shallow TAs|0.06|0.03|-0.05|-0.04|-0.05|-0.04|-0.05|0.09|0.06|-0.02|-0.01|-0.04|-0.03|-0.04|
||(0.09)|(0.11)|(0.11)|(0.09)|(0.07)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.08)|(0.09)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.06)|(0.07)|(0.06)|
|Enabl. Clause|0.01|-0.00|-0.05|-0.05|-0.02|-0.01|-0.00|-0.00|-0.01|-0.05|-0.06|-0.02|-0.01|-0.00|
||(0.05)|(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.05)|(0.05)|(0.05)|(0.05)|(0.06)|(0.04)|(0.04)|(0.06)|(0.05)|(0.06)|(0.05)|
|_ln_(1 +_τ_)||-1.65<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-3.55<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-3.19<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.96<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.39<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.05<sup>_∗∗_</sup>||-1.67<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-3.58<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-3.15<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.95<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.35<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-1.03<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
|||(0.54)|(0.62)|(0.58)|(0.51)|(0.43)|(0.45)||(0.54)|(0.63)|(0.58)|(0.52)|(0.44)|(0.47)|
|MFN Openness|||||0.05<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.02<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|||||0.05<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>||0.02<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||||||(0.01)||(0.01)|||||(0.01)||(0.01)|
|N|683,290|392,839|392,839|683,290|683,290|683,290|683,290|683,290|392,839|392,839|683,290|683,290|683,290|683,290|

**Note:** The information on the depth is provided by Hofmann et al. (2019) (all provisions and only legally enforceable provisions), definitions of the different types of agreements (enabling clause, shallow TA, and deep TA) can be found in the main text. All columns include importer-sector-time, exporter-sector-time, and importer-exporter-sector fixed effects, columns (6), (7), (13), and (14) include time-varying border controls to account for general trends in globalization. In Panel (A) the data includes three broad sectors (agriculture, manufacturing, and services) for the years 2000 to 2015, Panel (B) has no services-trade but a longer time frame (1989-2015). Standard errors are clustered threeway for importer, exporter, and year.<sup>_∗_</sup> for _p <_ 0 _._ 1,<sup>_∗∗_</sup> for _p <_ 0 _._ 05 and<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup> for _p <_ 0 _._ 01.