|Table 6.3: SOUTH AFRICA, Linear p<br>Dependent variables:<br>Missi|robability models<br>ng on TFP|for the probabili<br>Missin|ty of observing<br>g on sales|TFP and sales|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||[1]|[2]|[3]|[4]|
|Explanatory variables:|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|
|Infrastructures:|||||
|Days to clearcustomsfor imports (a)|-0.018<br>[0.0587]||-0.0782<br>[0.0509]||
|Saleslost due to poweroutages (b)|-0.0061<br>[0.0044]|-0.0068<br>[0.0036]*|-0.0059<br>[0.0026]**|-0.0051<br>[0.0022]**|
|Wateroutages (b)<br>|0.0166<br>[0.0231]<br><br>|0.016<br>[0.0032]***|0.0021<br>[0.0196]<br><br>||
|Average durationoftransportfailures (a)|-0.0206<br>[0.0467]||0.0064<br>[0.0445]||
|Waitforelectric supply (a)|0.0193<br>[0.0313]||0.0202<br>[0.0342]||
|Dummyforemail(b)||0.1795<br>[0.0686]**|||
|Dummyfor internet||||0.0356<br>[0.0138]**|
|Sales lost due to delivery delays (b)|0.0103<br>[0.0040]**|0.0115<br>[0.0034]***|0.003<br>[0.0028]|0.0039<br>[0.0027]|
|Red tape, corruption and crime:|||||
|Manager's time spent onbur. issues (b)|0.0022<br>[0.0010]**||0.001<br>[0.0007]||
|Payments to deal withbureaucraticissues (b)|-0.0011<br>[0.0007]|-0.0015<br>[0.0005]***|-0.0011<br>[0.0008]||
|Sales declaredfortaxes (a)|0.0006<br>[0.0028]||-0.0022<br>[0.0029]|-0.0027<br>[0.0016]*|
|Payments to obtaina contractwiththe gov.(b)|0.0119<br>[0.0078]||0.0199<br>[0.0093]**|0.0199<br>[0.0079]**|
|Security expenses (a)|0.0033<br>[0.0102]|0.0078<br>[0.0024]***|0.0084<br>[0.0082]||
|Crimelosses (a)||||0.0241<br>[0.0201]|
|Illegalpaymentsinprotection(b)|-0.0324<br>[0.0595]||-0.0003<br>[0.0424]||
|Crime losses (a)|0.023<br>[0.0404]||0.0472<br>[0.0368]||
|Finance:|||||
|Percentage ofcredit unused (b)|0.0002<br>[0.0003]||0.0004<br>[0.0003]|0.0004<br>[0.0002]*|
|Dummyfor loan|-0.0025<br>[0.0329]||0.0017<br>[0.0213]||
|Dummyforcreditline(b)||||-0.0193<br>[0.0143]|
|<br>Value ofthe collateral(b)|0.00001<br>[0.0002]||-0.0001<br>[0.0001]||
|Loansin foreigncurrency (b)|0.0002<br>[0.0008]||-0.0005<br>[0.0004]|-0.0006<br>[0.0003]*|
|Charge to cleara check(a)|-0.0094<br>[0.0279]||-0.037<br>[0.0252]|-0.0307<br>[0.0162]*|
|Largest shareholder|0.0002<br>[0.0004]||0.0003<br>[0.0004]||
|Working capital fin.byforeigncommercialbanks (b)|0.003<br>[0.0026]||0.0046<br>[0.0026]*|0.0045<br>[0.0026]*|
|Working capital financed byinformalsources (b)|0.0011<br>[0.0008]||0.0002<br>[0.0003]||
|Dummy for external auditory (b)||-0.1669<br>[0.0911]*||-0.1817<br>[0.0812]**|
|Quality, innovation and labor skills:|||||
|Dummyfor ISO quality certification(b)|0.0375<br>[0.0258]||0.0304<br>[0.0175]*|0.036<br>[0.0180]*|
|Dummyfor newproduct (b)|-0.0234<br>[0.0310]||0.007<br>[0.0205]||
|Dummyfordiscontinued productline (b)|-0.0316<br>[0.0264]||-0.0185<br>[0.0143]||
|Dummyforoutsourcing (b)||-0.0421<br>[0.0192]**||-0.0267<br>[0.0138]*|
|Staff - management|0.0009<br>[0.0012]||0.0013<br>[0.0010]||
|Staff - non-production workers|-0.0009<br>[0.0007]||-0.0008<br>[0.0006]||
|Dummyfortraining (b)||||-0.0231<br>[0.0146]|
|Trainingforunskilledworkers (a)|0.0015<br>[0.0023]||0.00001<br>[0.0020]||
|University staff(b)|-0.0007<br>[0.0007]||-0.0012<br>[0.0005]**|-0.0013<br>[0.0005]**|
|Manager's experience (b)|0.002<br>[0.0102]||-0.0063<br>[0.0073]||
|Dummy for closed plant||-0.0463<br>[0.0210]**|||
|Other control variables:|||||
|Age (b)|-0.0004<br>[0.0005]||-0.0002<br>[0.0003]||
|Share ofthelocal market (b)|0.0002<br>[0.0004]||0.0002<br>[0.0003]||
|Capacity utilization (b)||-0.0018<br>[0.0009]**|||
|Constant|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Industry/region/size dummies|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Observations|586|594|586|594|
|R-squared|0.22|0.25|0.24|0.24|

See footnotes in Table 6.1. Source: Authors’ estimations with ICSs data.

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