restaurant survey in the Lima Metropolitan Area. The objective of the survey was to determine the nutritional composition of the meals most frequently consumed away from home and offered to the public in commercial facilities. Following a stratified random sampling design by socioeconomic strata, ENCONUT collected data on 1,738 restaurants offering menus at lunch time.<sup>7</sup> Each menu included at least two courses, a main dish and a starter, and might also include a dessert or a drink. During the first stage of the survey, the owner, manager, or chef reported on the number of servings of the three most highly consumed meals per day during the work week (Monday to Friday), the preparation and serving times, the price and the ingredients used. The net response rate was 97.6 percent (1,696 restaurants). During the second stage of the survey, restaurants were visited again by nutritional specialists, who observed the preparation of the menu, and weighed, in raw and cooked form, all the ingredients in the menu, including starter, main dish, dessert and drink. On a subset of restaurants, the ingredients of the most highly consumed menus were subsequently taken to the laboratory for further analysis. As a result, detailed information on the calories, proteins, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, zinc, iron, beta carotene, vitamin A1, vitamin A, vitamin C, and sodium are available on each menu. An important advantage of the data is that nutrition professionals observed the preparation of the menus and weighed the ingredients as meals were prepared, minimizing potential measurement errors. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no comparable restaurant study in the developing world.

ENAHO, a continuous multi-topic household survey, is the main source of information on the measurement and the monitoring of the living standards of the Peruvian population. Among the wealth of individual information, the survey also collects detailed information on the food consumed away from home by each adult household member. By meal event (breakfast, lunch, dinner or others), the survey collects information on the frequency of consumption, the place of consumption (street vendor, markets, restaurants, or soup kitchens), and the costs of the food. Important for this study, the survey allows inferences at the Lima Metropolitan Area.

Last collected in 2008–2009, ENAPREF is the main source of information on the family consumption basket and, thus, the computation of the consumer price index and the measurement of household consumption in national accounts. The household expenditures reported in the survey are the basis for the stratification of Metropolitan Lima into five socioeconomic strata, which constitutes the basis for the sampling design of the ENCONUT survey.

All data sets cover the same 40 districts and neighborhoods in the Lima Metropolitan Area. Thus, the sample of 2,106 women ages 15 to 49 living in these neighborhoods is combined with information from ENCONUT, ENAHO and ENAPREF at the neighborhood level. For each neighborhood, the average quality of the diet of FAFH, the average menu price and the average number of menu servings are calculated using the information on 1,605 restaurants (ENCONUT).<sup>8</sup> Furthermore, the share of women

> 7 A la carte restaurants were disregarded.

> 8 While the ENCONUT data set covers 48 districts in the Lima Metropolitan Area, the continuous demographic and health survey covers only 40 districts, which are the ones used in the analysis.

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