farm enterprise module, and proxy response in the non-farm enterprise module did not have an effect on supporting work roles in either survey approach. Along with issues around interpreting one’s role in a business, therefore, proxy reporting might be another issue to consider, although larger differences in reporting seem to emerge across the labor and non-farm enterprise modules than by proxy response (as discussed as part of the related regressions below).

**Table 5.  Share of Individuals Running, and Providing Supporting Work in an NFE, by Survey Approach:** **<u>Comparisons across Labor and NFE Modules</u>**

|||<br>|||<br>||**NFE m**<br>**sample (p**<br>**s**<br>|**odule: c**<br>**roxy + se**<br>**elf-repor**<br>|**omparing ov**<br>**lf-reports)**<br>**ting sample**<br>|**erall**<br>**with just**<br> <br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||**Women**|||**Men**||**Wom**|**en**|**M**|**n**|
||as reported in<br>labor module<br>(overall<br>sample)<sup>(1)</sup><br>|as reported<br>in NFE module<br>(overall<br>sample)<sup>(2)</sup>|T-test<br>(1)–(2)|as reported<br>in labor<br>module<br>(overall|as reported<br>in NFE<br>module<br>(overall|T-test<br>(3)–(4)|NFE<br>module:<br>only self-<br>reports<sup>(5)</sup>|T-test<br>(2)–(5)|NFE<br>module:<br>only self-<br>reports<sup>(6)</sup>|T-test<br>(4)–(6)|
|||||sample)<sup>(3)</sup>|sample)<sup>(4)</sup>||||||
|**Share of individuals running a**|||||||||||
|**business, in last year†**|||||||||||
|(A) IHPS/individual interviews|||||||||||
|Overall sample|0.20|0.18||0.20|0.18||0.17||0.17||
|_Observations_|_2,411_|_2,411_||_1,966_|_1,966_||_2,395_||_1,919_||
|Among HHs with enterprise|0.41|0.47|***|0.41|0.45|*|0.46||0.42||
|_Observations_|_899_|_899_||_778_|_778_||_883_||_731_||
|(B) IHS4/business-as-usual|||||||||||
|Overall sample|0.13|0.16|***|0.15|0.17|***|0.15|*|0.15|***|
|_Observations_|_9,270_|_9,270_||_8,163_|_8,163_||_9,175_||_7,924_||
|Among HHs with enterprise|0.37|0.51|***|0.42|0.54|***|0.50||0.49|***|
|_Observations_|_2,891_|_2,891_||_2,608_|_2,608_||_2,796_||_2,369_||
|**Share working in supporting role**|||||||||||
|<br>**in business, over most recent**<br>|||||||||||
|**survey period:**<sup>**(4)**</sup>|||||||||||
|(A) IHPS/individual interviews|||||||||||
|Overall sample|0.04|0.03|***|0.04|0.04||0.03||0.03||
|_Observations_|_2,411_|_2,411_||_1,966_|_1,966_||_2,395_||_1,919_||
|Among HHs with enterprise|0.10|0.08||0.09|0.10||0.07||0.07||
|_Observations_|_899_|_899_||_778_|_778_||_883_||_731_||
|(B) IHS4/business-as-usual|||||||||||
|<br>Overall sample|0.03|0.02|***|0.03|0.026|*|0.02||0.02||
|<br>_Observations_|_9,270_|_9,270_||_8,163_|_8,163_||_9,175_||_7,924_||
|Among HHs with enterprise|0.08|0.08||0.09|0.07|*|0.07||0.05||
|_Observations_|_2,891_|_2,891_||_2,608_|_2,608_||_2,796_||_2,369_||
|**Notes:**|||||||||||

Significant differences are indicated with * (p<0.1), ** (p<0.05) and *** (p<0.01). Estimates are weighted with the response weight.

† indicates that in the labor reporting module, the question asked of respondents was “in the last 12 months, did you run a non-farm business of any size for yourself or the household, even if only for one hour?” In the non-farm enterprise module (covering activity over the last 12 months), one respondent for each enterprise was asked to identify up to two household members for each of the following: (a) “who manages this enterprise or is most familiar with it,” and (b) “who owns this enterprise?” ‡ indicates that the most recent survey period in the labor module was the last 7 days, and in the NFE module was the last operational month. These two groups were more comparable than using the last 12 months in the labor module (which led to much higher rates of participation).

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