4). By location, we observe a greater heterogeneity within South African provinces compared to the different departments in Peru. Western Cape has the lowest incidence and intensity rates for both South Africa and Peru, where not even Lima, the capital, comes close. Lima instead reports

|**Dim**|**nsion**|**Table 3: No**<br>**Idi**<sup>**(a)**</sup>|**rmative Considerations**<br>**Peru**|**South Africa**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|||**ncator**|**Excluded if theperson...**|**Excluded if theperson...**|
||**Access to**<br>**labour**<br>**markets**|Quality of employment|is unemployed or informally<br>employed|is employed part-time or less|
|**Social**<br>**Inclusion**|**Access to**<br>**basic services**|Access to water,<br>sanitation, electricity &<br>internet|has two or fewer than two services<br>at home|has two or less out of four<br>services at home|
||**Access to**<br>**human capital**|Level of education<br>|does not have complete secondary<br>education|does not have complete<br>secondary education|
||<br>**services**|Medical attention<br>|did not get medical attention when ill|has inadequate access to health<br>care|
|||Quality of housing<br>Possession of assets|lives in a household that has<br>inadequate floor/roof/walls<sup>(b)</sup><br>is in the bottom third of the asset<br>ownership distribution|lives with inadequate housing<br>conditions<br>is in the bottom third of the asset<br>ownership distribution<br>|
|**Resilience**||Public assistance|receives public assistance (in-kind and<br>cash transfers from government)|receives public assistance (in-kind<br>and cash transfers from<br>government)|
|||Capacity for saving|is not able to make savings out of<br>income|is not able to make savings out of<br>income|
|||Confidence in<br>government institutions|lives in a household where at least<br>one member has low confidence in<br>government institutions|distrusts the national government|
|**Social**<br>||Experience of<br>discrimination|lives in a household where at least<br>one member has been discriminated<br>against|feels they are in a group that is<br>discriminated against|
|**Cohesion**||Perception of safety<br>Victim of crime|thinks security is a main issue<br>lives in a household where at least<br>one member has been victim of a<br>crime in the past year|feels unsafe most of the days<br>lives in a household where at least<br>one member has experienced<br>burglary or assault in the past 5<br>years|
||**Agency and**<br>**voice**|Civil participation|lives in a household where no<br>member has participated in a group,<br>organization and/or association|has not participated in march,<br>and/or contacted traditional<br>leader and/or government official|
|**Process**<br>**Legitimacy**|**Social**<br>**accountability**|Satisfaction with<br>democracy<br>Government<br>effectiveness<br>Equality before the law|lives in a household where at least<br>one member thinks democracy is not<br>working in Peru<br>lives in a household where at least<br>one member thinks the government<br>is performing poorly|is dissatisfied with the way<br>democracy is working in South<br>Africa<br>is dissatisfied with the local<br>government basic service<br>provision in the neighborhood|
|||<br>(PE)/<br>Satisfaction with the<br>way corruption is<br>combatted (SA)|lives in a household where at least<br>one member thinks there is no<br>equality before the law in society|is dissatisfied with the way<br>corruption is combatted in their<br>neighborhood|

(a) All indicators are equally weighted within a dimension. Each indicator has a weight of 1/16 or 6.25% .

(b) Inadequate floor/walls/roof is defined per the SDG guidelines. Assets includes all durables listed in the survey of each country (i.e TV, radio, washing machine, refrigerator, fan, stove). Possession of assets is measured as a score that counts the number of assets that a person owns.

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