**Table 2.a Economic, Temporal and Spatial coverage for General Equilibrium**

|**Model**|**Economic coverage**|**Temporal**<br>**dimension**|**Spatial dimension**|
|---|---|---|---|
|**MERGE-ETL**|Aggregate economic output, detail<br>on energy production and<br>transformation sectors|2000-2150|9 regions: Canada, Australia and New Zealand,<br>China, Eastern Europe and FSU, India, Japan, Mexico<br>and OPEC, Western Europe, US and rest of the<br>world|
|**MESSAGE**|Full energy system; supply curves<br>for bio-energy and non-energy<br>mitigation options; iteratively solved<br>with aggregated macro-economic<br>model|Base year:2030,<br>time steps:10,<br>horizon: 2110|11 regions (including Sub Saharan Africa, Asia and<br>China, Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union, Lattin<br>America, Middle East, North America, OECD, Asia,<br>South Asia, Western Europe)|
|**ReMIND**|Closed economy growth model<br>with detailed energy sector|Base year:2005,<br>time steps:5,<br>horizon: 2005-<br>2100|12 Regions|
|**WITCH**|Energy, final goods, land use|Base year 2005<br>with a time<br>horizon of 150<br>years modeled in<br>5 year time step<br>(usually reported<br>up to2100|13 regions, on basis of geography, income and<br>structure of energy demand: Canada, Japan and New<br>Zealand, China and Taiwan, China, Southeast Asia,<br>India, the Republic of Korea and South Africa and<br>Australia, LAC, MENA, EU new and old (15), South<br>Asia (excluding India), SSA, Non EU Eastern Europe,<br>US|
|**C3IAM**|27 sectors, which are agriculture<br>products, crops, cattle animal<br>products, raw milk, wool, forestry,<br>fishing, coal, oil, gas, other minerals,<br>other manufacturing, energy-<br>intensive manufacturing, roil,<br>electricity, gas generation and<br>distribution, water, construction,<br>transportation service industry and<br>other services|time horizon<br>from 2011 to<br>2100 with flexible<br>time steps|12 regions, which are USA, China, Japan, Russian<br>Federation, India, Other Branches of Umbrella<br>Group, European Union, Other West European<br>Developed Countries, Eastern European CIS<br>excluding Russian Federation, Asia excluding China,<br>India and Japan, Middle East and Africa and Latin<br>America|
|**BET EMF33**|The model explicitly handles energy<br>service demand and end-use<br>technologies in a global<br>macroeconomic framework. This<br>structure allows a systematic<br>approach to examine trade-offs<br>between advanced energy supply<br>technologies and end-use<br>efficiencies from a long-term global<br>perspective across different<br>mitigation policies and technologies.|Base year:2010,<br>time steps:10,<br>horizon: 2150|13 region, including Brazil, Canada, Australia and<br>New Zealand, China and Taiwan, China, India, Japan,<br>LAC, EU 27 + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland,<br>,MENA, Asia, LAC, Russian Federation, SSA|
|**AIM-CGE**|The whole economic activities are<br>represented , but energy,<br>agriculture and land use are<br>disaggregated.|Base year: 2005.<br>2005--2100<br>period. For some<br>applications, the<br>model is run up to<br>2050. The time<br>step of the model<br>solution is one<br>year.|10 regions: China; Taiwan, China; Korea, Rep.; Hong<br>Kong SAR, China; Singapore, India, Indonesia,<br>Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Other regions<br>are Latin America, Middle East Asia and North<br>Africa,<br>Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Rest of World (ROW)|
|**GEM-E3-ICCS**|General Equilibrium model that<br>includes all economic agents (firms,<br>households, government, rest of the<br>world) and aggregates the economy<br>in 26 economic activities:<br>Agriculture, Coal, Oil, Gas, Power<br>Supply, Ferrous and non ferrous<br>metals, Chemical Products, Other<br>energy intensive, Electric Goods,<br>Transport equipment, Other<br>Equipment Goods, Consumer|<br>Base year: 2014,<br>time steps: 5,<br>horizon: 2100|46 regions|

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