Table 1 Ultra-Poor Households’ Socioeconomic Characteristics at Baseline

||Midline<br>Sample<br>(1)|Endline<br>Sample<br>(2)|Diference<br>(2) - (1)<br>(3)|p-value<br>(2) - (1)<br>(4)|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|_Household Characteristics_|||||
|Household Size|6_._190<br>(2_._489)|6_._245<br>(2_._477)|0.055|[0_._631]|
|Primary Woman’s Age (Years)|37_._4<br>(11_._9)|37_._5<br>(11_._7)|0.031|[0_._955]|
|Primary Woman Is Household Head|0_._202<br>(0_._402)|0_._195<br>(0_._396)|-0.008|[0_._675]|
|Primary Woman Is Illiterate|0_._965<br>(0_._185)|0_._962<br>(0_._191)|-0.002|[0_._778]|
|Primary Man Is Illiterate|0_._846<br>(0_._361)|0_._849<br>(0_._358)|0.004|[0_._848]|
|School Enrollment (Children Ages 6 to 18 Years)|0_._577<br>(0_._494)|0_._581<br>(0_._494)|0.003|[0_._822]|
|_Consumption, Poverty, and Food Security_|||||
|Total Consumption per Capita (USD), Month|18_._8<br>(16_._1)|19_._2<br>(17_._1)|0.4|[0_._561]|
|Household Is Below the National Poverty Line|0_._880<br>(0_._325)|0_._873<br>(0_._334)|-0.007|[0_._637]|
|Any Adult Ever Skipped or Cut the Size of Meals,<br>Month|0_._663<br>(0_._473)|0_._653<br>(0_._476)|-0.010|[0_._662]|
|Any Child Ever Skipped Meals or Cut the Size of<br>Meals, Month|0_._424<br>(0_._494)|0_._422<br>(0_._494)|-0.002|[0_._921]|
|_Assets and Debt_|||||
|Household Owns Land|0_._628<br>(0_._484)|0_._644<br>(0_._479)|0.016|[0_._472]|
|Household Owns a Mobile Phone|0_._725<br>(0_._447)|0_._739<br>(0_._439)|0.014|[0_._497]|
|Household Has Any Savings|0_._014<br>(0_._119)|0_._018<br>(0_._134)|0.004|[0_._501]|
|Household Has Any Outstanding Loans|0_._678<br>(0_._467)|0_._687<br>(0_._464)|0.009|[0_._689]|
|_Psychological Well-Being_|||||
|Primary Woman Is Very Happy or Quite Happy|0_._362<br>(0_._481)|0_._360<br>(0_._480)|-0.001|[0_._951]|
|Primary Woman Life Satisfaction Rating (1-10)|5_._010<br>(2_._978)|5_._018<br>(3_._012)|0.008|[0_._951]|
|Primary Woman Is Depressed (7-CESD _≥_8)|0_._691<br>(0_._462)|0_._668<br>(0_._471)|-0.023|[0_._279]|
|Number of Households|1,107|817|||

_Notes._ This table is constructed using baseline data and indicators for UP households. The sample includes households surveyed in at least one of the endline data collection rounds with baseline data available. Baseline data is not available for 6% of households. Baseline total consumption estimate includes food (purchased, produced, and received as a gift), personal and household items, education, health, household repairs, social expenses (weddings, funerals, religious expenses, and other ceremonies), temptation goods, and legal expenses. The national poverty line threshold is AFN 2,064 (US$ 30 nominal) per capita per month from the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (2018). This poverty line consumption excludes legal, health, household construction, and repair expenditures, and includes expenses on consumer durables and housing. We use consistent consumption with this figure to classify households with respect to the national poverty line. The psychological well-being measures include the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) seven-point scale (Radloff, 1977) and questions on happiness and life satisfaction from the World Values Survey (WVS). All monetary amounts are in nominal USD. ER for 2016 of 68.87 from the IMF (annual average). SD = standard deviation; UP = ultra-poor; ER = exchnage rate.

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