Bico do Papagaio and the Southeast—remain significant in specific areas, such as infrastructure access. The control group, which is essentially composed of communities in the Bico do Papagaio region, has better access to basic infrastructure services, such as gas, electricity and water supply. As a result, the diffusion rates of certain home appliances also look different from one group to the other. For example, with better access to grid power, 54 percent of households in the control group own refrigerators, while the same is true of only 34 percent in the treatment group. About 68 percent of households in the control group were using electricity for lighting, but this figure reached only 22 percent in the treatment group.

# **Table 5: Summary statistics of explanatory variables (baseline): Bico do Papagaio and Southeast**

||Contro|l||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Explanatory variable (baseline)|group||T|reatment gro|up<br>|Differe|nce|
||Obs.|Mean|Std.Dev.|Obs. Mean|Std.Dev.|Zele|nt stat.|
|Household size|441|4.17|<br>(0.09)|656 4.08|(0.08)|0.09|(0.12)|
|Adult share|438|0.63|<br>(0.01)|655 0.65|(0.01)|-0.02|(0.02)|
|HH head sex: Male|441|0.90|<br>(0.01)|656 0.83|(0.01)|0.07|(0.02) ***|
|HH head education: Elementary|441|0.66|<br>(0.02)|656 0.66|(0.02)|-0.01|(0.03)|
|HH head education: Secondary|441|0.07|<br>(0.01)|656 0.04|(0.01)|0.04<br>-|(0.01) ***|
|HH head education: University<br>Appliance ownership:|441|0.007|(0.004)|656 0.014|(0.005)|0.007|(0.006)|
|Refrigerator|441|0.54|<br>(0.02)|656 0.34|(0.02)|0.20|(0.03) ***|
|Appliance ownership: Color TV|441|0.52|<br>(0.02)|656 0.29|(0.02)|0.23|(0.03) ***|
|Appliance ownership: Radio|441|0.65|<br>(0.02)|656 0.61|(0.02)|0.04|(0.03)|
|Appliance ownership: Gas stove|441|0.82|<br>(0.02)|656 0.69|(0.02)|0.14|(0.03) ***|
|Appliance ownership: Washing||||||||
|machine|441|0.11|<br>(0.01)|656 0.10|(0.01)|0.01|(0.02)|
|Gas use for cooking|441|0.21|<br>(0.02)|656 0.13|(0.01)|0.08|(0.02) ***|
|Power use for lighting|441|0.68|<br>(0.02)|656 0.46|(0.02)|0.22|(0.03) ***|
|Tapwater forcooking|441|0.44|<br>(0.02)|656 0.34|(0.02)|0.09|(0.03)***|
|Note: Standard errors a<br>at 10%, 5% and 1%, re|re show<br>spectivel|n in par<br>y.|entheses.|*, **, *** indi|cate the s|tatistic|al significance|

**Table 6: Summary statistics of explanatory variables (baseline): Jalapão and Northeast**

|Explanatory variable (baseline)|Contro<br>group<br>Obs.|l<br>Mean|T<br>Std.Dev.|reatment gro<br>Obs. Mean|up<br> <br>Std.Dev.|Differe<br>Zele|nce<br>n t stat.|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Household size|58|3.81|(0.27)|364 3.86|(0.11)|-0.05|(0.30)|
|Adult share|58|0.65|(0.04)|364 0.68|(0.01)|-0.03|(0.04)|
|HH head sex: Male|58|0.93|(0.03)|364 0.88|(0.02)|0.05|(0.05)|
|HH head education: Elementary|58|0.62|(0.06)|364 0.65|(0.03)|-0.02|(0.07)|
|HH head education: Secondary|58|0.000|(0.000)|364 0.058|(0.012)|-0.06<br>-|(0.03) *|
|HH head education: University<br>Appliance ownership:|58|0.017|(0.017)|364 0.041|(0.010)|0.024 (|0.027)|
|Refrigerator|58|0.45|(0.07)|364 0.55|(0.03)|-0.10|(0.07)|
|Appliance ownership: Color TV|58|0.21|(0.05)|364 0.46|(0.03)|-0.26|(0.07) ***|
|Appliance ownership: Radio|58|0.59|(0.07)|364 0.60|(0.03)|-0.02|(0.07)|
|Appliance ownership: Gas stove|58|0.74|(0.06)|364 0.80|(0.02)|-0.06|(0.06)|
|Appliance ownership: Washing||||||||
|machine|58|0.02|(0.02)|364 0.11|(0.02)|-0.09|(0.04) **|

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