|Brazil|A report for each of the 64<br>distribution<br>operators<br>under<br>ANEEL supervision<br>2003|Brazilian<br>Regulatory<br>Agency (ANEEL)<br>(2004)|TFP and basic<br>performance<br>benchmarking|Each operator generated a report explaining how they<br>assessed all variables and how they estimated efficiency<br>gains and subjected it to assessment of regulator.|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Brazil|Distribution companies<br>1994 and 2000|Motta (2004)|DEA/SPF|Privatisation has no statistically significant impact with<br>OPEX as input but results in strong drop in technical<br>efficiency when considering Total expenditures.<br>May reflect surge in investment or substitution between<br>capital and labor.<br>Makes case for inclusion of capital costs in any<br>benchmarkingexercise|
|Chile|35 empresas de distribucion|Sanhueza and<br>Rudnick(2004)|DEA|.<br>Relies on DEA Efficiency measure to assess the<br>electricitydistribution value added.|
|Chile|35 empresas de distribucion|Sanhueza and<br>Rudnick (2003)|DEA/SPF|Analyses levels and sources of differences across<br>operators.<br>Shows novel use of bootstrapping techniques to asses<br>each operator’s efficiency.|
|China|Panel<br>of<br>30<br>municipal<br>,<br>autonomous<br>regions<br>and<br>provincial<br>thermal<br>generation<br>plants<br>1995-2000|Lam and Shiu<br>(2004)|DEA with 2<sup>nd</sup><br>stage<br>regression|Shows that average annual TFP growth rate was<br>2.%/year on average.<br>Confirm earlier results on relevance of location.<br>Fuel efficiency and capacity also mattered.|
|China|<br>Panel<br>of<br>30<br>municipal,<br>autonomous<br>regions<br>and<br>provincial<br>thermal<br>generation<br>plants<br>1995-1996|Lam and Shiu<br>(2001)|DEA with 2<sup>nd</sup><br>stage<br>regression|Find that location (coastal vs. interior), coal endowment,<br>fuel efficiency, capacity and autonomy from the central<br>government, are important determinants of efficiency.<br>Find no evidence of excess capacity. Find no evidence<br>of relevance of FDI. Point to labour redundancy issue.|
|Colombia|Panel<br>of<br>33<br>distribution<br>companies<br>1988-2000|Pombo and<br>Ramirez (2002)|DEA with 2<sup>nd</sup><br>stage<br>regression|Shows that the reforms of the 1990s improved the<br>average efficiency levels of the sector; regulatory policy<br>hadpositive effect but ownershiphas no conclusive role.|
|Colombia|Panel of 18 distribution operators<br>2000-2001|Columbian<br>Regulatory<br>Agency (CREG)<br>(2002)|DEA|Meaured for each operator the efficiency gains to be<br>used in assessment of authorized transmission tariff for<br>2003-2007 period (1.63%-2.51% depending on tension<br>level).|
|Colombia|Panel<br>of<br>20<br>distribution<br>companies<br>1999-2003|Melo and Espinoza<br>(2004)|DF-P|No significant changes during the period covered;<br>environmental variables matter significantly—the higher<br>thepopulation densitythe higher the efficiency.|
|Colombia|<br>Panel of 33 generation and 12<br>distribution companies<br>1988-2000|Pombo and<br>Ramirez (2002)|DEA with 2<sup>nd</sup><br>stage<br>regression|, <br>Shows that the reforms of the 1990s improved the<br>average efficiency levels of the sector. Technology<br>improvements and regulatory policy had positive effect<br>but wedge betweengood and badperformers increased.|
|Iran|Benchmarks Iranian companies<br>with LDC sample|Meibodi (1998)|DEA/SPF|<br>A large share of differences in efficiency can be<br>explained by plant size.|
|Ivory Coast|Time-series<br>1959-1995|Plane (1999)|SPF|Finds significant but irregular efficiency gains from the<br>privatization of management. In addition finds that users<br>gained through lower tariffs from efficiencygains.|
|Peru|Panel of 19 distribution operators<br>1995-1998|Bonifaz and Santin<br>(2000)|DEA with 2<sup>nd</sup><br>stage<br>i|<br>Relative efficiency assessment for the Peruvian<br>Distribution operators.|
|Philippines|146<br>electricity<br>distribution<br>operators<br>1998|Pacudan and de<br>Guzman (2002)|regressons<br>DEA|Used to simulate effects of energy efficiency policy<br>measures on productive efficiency.<br>Highlight the importance of scale efficiency.|
|Philippines|119 electricity cooperatives|Lavado (2004)|DEA/SCF|Ranking of operators.<br>Estimates annual TFP growth at 1.7%, explained evenly<br>bya frontier shift and catchingup|
|Slovenia|Panel of 5 Slovenian electricity<br>distribution firms<br>1991-2000|Filippini, Hrovatin<br>and Zoric (2004)|SCF|.<br>Paper makes a case for merger of excessive number of<br>small scale operators.|
|Turkey|<br>Cross section of 70 Turkish|Bagdadioglu,Price|DEA|Shows thatprivate distributors have better technical and|

10