Table 1: Details of five modes of public transportation operating in Kinshasa.

|**Transco**|**Esprit de Vie**|**Esprit de Mort**|**Taxi Jaune**|**Moto Taxi**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|The main public bus<br>service in Kinshasa. In<br>2020, there are more<br>than 40 bus routes<br>with a total of 986 bus<br>stops (Moovit, 2020).|Minibus taxis with a<br>capacity of up to 22<br>seats.|Bigger taxis which are<br>usually operated with<br>Mercedes Benz 207<br>models for inter<br>suburbs trips and long-<br>distance travels within<br>the city.|Cabs painted in yellow<br>with a capacity of four<br>passengers. They<br>usually operate<br>between neighboring<br>suburbs and complete<br>most of the first and<br>last mile services<br>within the city.|Informal moto taxi<br>that provides<br>connection to areas<br>that are enclaved and<br>not easily accessible<br>due the condition of<br>roads and congestion<br>levels. In other<br>instances, trips shorter<br>than three kilometers<br>are done using moto<br>taxi as a first and last<br>mile service.|

Table 2: Summary details of GTFS trip mapping under dry and wet conditions.<sup>5</sup>

||**Tran**<br>|**sco**|**Esprit**<br>|**de Mort**|**Esprit**<br>|**de Vie**|**Taxi J**<br>|**aune**|**Moto**<br>|**Taxi**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**_dry_**|**_wet_**|**_dry_**|**_wet_**|**_dry_**|**_wet_**|**_dry_**|**_wet_**|**_dry_**|**_wet_**|
|**Number of routes**|42|-|66|52|31|11|299|67|39|-|
|**Number of stops**|499|-|502|453|292|102|1945|392|97|-|
|**Number of route segments**|457|-|436|401|261|91|1646|325|58|-|
|**Total network length (km)**|623|-|725|615|355|130|2254|774|172|-|
|**Mean route segment length (km)**|1.36|-|1.66|1.53|1.36|1.43|1.37|2.38|2.97|-|
|**Mean travel speed (km/h)**|24.7|-|24.2|26.7|24.8|21.9|24.8|27.3|23.9|-|
|**Median travel speed (km/h)**|18.5|-|22.3|17.0|22.0|17.0|17.7|19.3|22.8|-|
|**Max travel speed**<sup>6</sup> **(km/h)**|178.3|-|101.6|99.0|96.2|106.6|148.2|89.6|80.5|-|

# **3.3 Open Street Map (OSM) Road Network Data Set**

<mark>In addition to the five public transportation networks, we also added the drive as well as the pedestrian network leveraging the Open Street Map data set to account for commuters who walk or drive to work. The OSMnx Python package was used to create topological graph structures for the drive and pedestrian network layers (</mark> Boeing, 2017 <mark>). These two network layers were later integrated with the five public transport layers to create the final multi-modal network</mark><sup>7</sup> <mark>model for Kinshasa.</mark>

> 5 There are no GTFS records for Transco bus and Moto taxi mapping under flooded (wet) conditions.

> 6 Unreasonably high travel speeds can occur due to small inaccuracies in the GTFS files, but are clear outliers. If two stop points along a route are very close (in reality or due to GPS inaccuracies) and a surveyor enters a travel time which is a few seconds off, resulting travel speeds might exceed 100 km/h, which is unreasonable in an urban public transport setting. In the entire data set there are fewer than 10 route segments (<0.3%) affected by such inaccuracies.

> 7 The multi-modal network is created based on both the GTFS feed and OSM data set, which provide speed limits for every road segment. For the pedestrian network, we assume 4.5km/h travel speed.

6