|Transition from informal to formal salaried<br>Transition from informal to formal self-employed|9.9<br>0.5|29.9<br>7.3|0<br>0|1<br>1|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Transition formal salaried to formal salaried|28.6|45.2|0|1|
|Transition from formal self-employed to formal self-employed|0.5|6.9|0|1|
|Transition from informal to informal|27.4|44.6|0|1|
|**Social security coverage **|||||
|Salaried workers with full social security (% of occupied workers)|36.0|48.0|0|1|
|Self-employedpeople with full social security (% of occupied workers)|3.3|17.8|0|1|
|Informal workers(% of occupied workers)|60.3|48.9|0|1|
|Improve social securitycoverage(% of occupied workers withpreviousjob)|13.0|33.6|0|1|
|Worsen social securitycoverage(% of occupied workers withpreviousjob)|29.7|45.7|0|1|
|Maintains full social securitycoverage(% of occupied workers withpreviousjob)|32.6|46.9|0|1|
|Maintains onlyhealth orpension coverage(% of occupied workers withpreviousjob)|0.8|8.7|0|1|
|Maintains no social securitycoverage(% of occupied workers withpreviousjob)|23.0|42.1|0|1|
|**Shocks(last 12 months)**|||||
|Number of shocks in the household|0.4|0.7|0|5|
|Number of serious shocks in the household|0.2|0.4|0|2|
|Number of economic shocks in the household|0.2|0.4|0|4|
|**Valuation(between 1[worst] and 5[best])**|||||
|Average valuation of all socialprograms|3.9|0.5|1.5|5|
|Average valuation of social security programs|3.8|0.6|1|5|
|Average valuation of socialprograms other than social security|4.0|0.5|1|5|

Source: ELS 2008 Notes: (1) Social benefits included in these statistics include holidays, service premiums, severance payments and family compensation funds’ benefits.

(2) Reasons “obliging” salaried workers in job selection: i) it is the only job they have found; ii) they have no means to be independent. For self-employed workers: i) they can find nothing else since they lost their jobs; ii) it is the only job they have obtained; iii) employers consider them to be too young. Reasons denoting voluntary job selection for salaried workers: i) it offers greater benefits; ii) earns more as an employee; iii) self-employed work is unstable; iv) greater opportunities; v) less responsibility; vi) would be no good as self-employed; vii) negotiated job with the employer; viii) getting ready to become self-employed. For self-employed workers: i) earns more as self-employed than as an employee; ii) more flexible timetable; iii) greater stability or better future; iv) more options; v) wants to have own company; vi) wants to be own boss; vii) family tradition; viii) less responsibility; ix) accustomed to being self-employed; x) consider themselves to be too young or too old.

(3) Minimum basic monthly salary in Colombia at the time of the survey COP461,500 or US$205.

(4) Complete social security refers to insurance for both health care and pensions.

(5) Shocks include grave illness or death of a household member; loss of money or assets caused by business failure; fall in income; loss of money due to robbery/assault/kidnapping/fraud; loss of dwelling due to flood/fire/natural disaster.

(6) Public social programs and/or services include: Subsidized Health Regime/ Contributive Health Regime, Pensions System, Families in Action, _Hogares Comunitarios_ (Community Homes) _Desayunos Infantiles_ (Children’s Breakfasts) _Adulto Mayor_ 24