- a. Reduced the number of meals for all household members per day

- b. Reduced the quantity of meals eaten by adults in favor of children

- <mark>c. Purchased low quality markets “Leftover”</mark>

- d. Reduced portion of food for adults in favor of children's

Respondents to the Facebook survey were randomly assigned to receive either the FIES module (described above) or the RCSI module.

In the PPCS, the Arabic text for item (d) translates approximately to “reduced amount of food in one meal for all family members”.

- <mark>e. borrow food or rely on help from family and friends</mark>

- f. Refrain from consuming expensive and resort to alternatives (buying cheaper kind of food)

# **<mark>Aggression</mark>**

# _<mark>English text of Facebook questionnaire</mark>_

- 26 We would now like to ask you about how like or unlike you some actions are. Using the 5-point scale, indicate how uncharacteristic or characteristic each of the following statements are in describing you? Response options: 1. Not like me at all 2. Not much like me 3. Neutral 4. somewhat like me 5. very like me

- <mark>a) Given enough provocation, I may hit another person. b) I often find myself disagreeing with people.</mark>

- <mark>c) At times I feel I have gotten a raw deal out of life.</mark>

- d) There are people who have pushed me so far that we have come to blows.

- e) I can't help getting in arguments when people disagree with me.

- <mark>f) Sometimes I fly off the handle for no good reason.</mark> <u><mark>g)</mark></u> <mark>Other people always seem to get the breaks.</mark>

# _<mark>Notes on comparability</mark>_

In the Arabic text of the PPCS, the introductory question ends with “as a result of the May 2021 aggression”.

The Arabic text of the PPCS response scale uses more complicated phrasing than does the Arabic text of the Facebook scale. For example, response option 2 translates roughly to “this behavior usually does not apply to me”.

There are more substantive differences than usual between the Arabic texts of the two surveys in this module, largely in translating the more idiomatic English phrases.

- <mark>h) I have threatened people I know.</mark>

- <mark>i) My friends say I am somewhat argumentative.</mark>

- <u><mark>j)</mark></u> <mark>I have trouble controlling my anger.</mark>

- <mark>k) I wonder why sometimes I feel so bitter about things.</mark>

<mark>l) I sometimes feel like a powder keg ready to explode.</mark>

# **<mark>Risk for mental health problems</mark>**

# _<mark>English text of Facebook questionnaire</mark>_

|26<br>We would now like to ask you some questions about<br>your general health over the past few weeks.<br>Response options: 1. Much better than usual 2. Better<br>than usual 3. No difference/as usual 4. Worse than<br>usual 5. Much worse than usual|
|---|
|Canyou focus onyour work as usual?|
|Do you feel you are playing a useful role toward the<br>people aroundyou?|
|Canyou make decisions as usual?|
|Doyou feel able to faceyourproblems?|
|Are you happy and satisfied with your<br>accomplishment at work?|
|Are you able to feel happy notwithstanding the<br>surrounding circumstances?|

# _<mark>Notes on comparability</mark>_

The PPCS intersperses positive and negative items with a single four-point response scale from better than usual to much worse than usual. Due to confusion in the development process, the Facebook questionnaire maintained two separate response scales for positive and negative items. The items were therefore presented in two banks of questions to minimize space in the online survey format.

While the Facebook questionnaire asks about the past few weeks, the PPCS questionnaire refers to the past two weeks.

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