42. Benoist B, McLean E, Egli I, Cogswell M (2008) Worldwide prevalence of anemia 1993-2003: WHO global database on anemia. WHO.

43. Filmer D, Pritchett LH (2001) Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data--or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38: 115-132.

44. WHO (2007) Anthroplus: Growth Reference 5-19 years In: WHO, editor.

45. Hayes R, J., Moulton L, H. (2009) Cluster Randomised Trials Hall C, editor. UK: crc pRESS.

46. Bundy D (2011) Rethinking School Health: A key component of education for all. Washington: World Bank.

47. Okello G, Jones C, Bonareri M, Ndegwa SN, McHaro C, et al. (2013) Challenges for consent and community engagement in the conduct of cluster randomized trial among school children in low income settings: experiences from Kenya. Trials 14: 142.

48. Bejon P, Warimwe G, Mackintosh CL, Mackinnon MJ, Kinyanjui SM, et al. (2009) Analysis of immunity to febrile malaria in children that distinguishes immunity from lack of exposure. Infect Immun 77: 1917-1923.

49. Bousema T, Kreuels B, Gosling R (2011) Adjusting for heterogeneity of malaria transmission in longitudinal studies. J Infect Dis 204: 1-3.

50. Sowunmi A, Gbotosho GO, Happi CT, Adedeji AA, Fehintola FA, et al. (2007) Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artemether-lumefantrine and amodiaquine-sulfalene-pyrimethamine on gametocyte carriage in children with uncomplicated _Plasmodium falciparum_ malaria in southwestern Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 235-241.

51. Woodring JV, Ogutu B, Schnabel D, Waitumbi JN, Olsen CH, et al. (2010) Evaluation of recurrent parasitemia after artemether-lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated malaria in children in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 458-464.

52. Nambozi M, Van Geertruyden J-P, Hachizovu S, Chaponda M, Mukwamataba D, et al. (2011) Safety and efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated _Plasmodium falciparum_ malaria in Zambian children. Malaria J 10: 50.

53. Nankabirwa J, Cundill B, Clarke S, Kabatereine N, Rosenthal PJ, et al. (2010) Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of three regimens for prevention of malaria: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Ugandan schoolchildren. PloS one 5: e13438.

54. Ochola LB, Vounatsou P, Smith T, Mabaso MLH, Newton CRJC (2006) The reliability of diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis and management of malaria in the absence of a gold standard. Lancet Infect Dis 6: 582-588.

55. Speybroeck N, Praet N, Claes F, Van Hong N, Torres K, et al. (2011) True versus apparent malaria infection prevalence: the contribution of a Bayesian approach. PloS one 6: e16705.

56. Gonçalves L, Subtil A, de Oliveira MR, do Rosário V, Lee P-W, et al. (2012) Bayesian latent class models in malaria diagnosis. PloS one 7: e40633.

57. Okell LC, Ghani AC, Lyons E, Drakeley CJ (2009) Submicroscopic infection in _Plasmodium falciparum-_ endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 200: 1509-1517.

58. Okell LC, Bousema T, Griffin JT, Ouédraogo AL, Ghani AC, et al. (2012) Factors determining the occurrence of submicroscopic malaria infections and their relevance for control. Nature communications 3: 1237.

59. Dinko B, Oguike MC, Larbi JA, Bousema JT, Sutherland CJ (2013) Persistent detection of _Plasmodium falciparum_ , _P. malariae, P. ovale curtisi_ and _P. ovale wallikeri_ after ACT treatment of asymptomatic Ghanaian school-children. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 3: 45-50.

60. Okello G, Ndegwa SN, Halliday KE, Hanson K, Brooker SJ, et al. (2012) Local perceptions of intermittent screening and treatment for malaria in school children on the south coast of Kenya. Malaria J 11: 185.

61. Drake TL, Okello G, Njagi K, Halliday KE, Jukes MC, et al. (2011) Cost analysis of school-based intermittent screening and treatment of malaria in Kenya. Malaria J 10: 273.

18