# **Table A30:  Institute for Management Development World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY)**

**Data Provider Description Website Data Source Type Respondents Frequency Coverage Public Access**

**Description**

Institute for Management Development Educational and research organization headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland www.imd.ch World Competitiveness Yearbook Survey Businesspeople working in countries being assessed Annual since 1987 Global sample of countries Country-level averages of responses to survey questions reported in World Competitiveness Yearbook The World Competitiveness Yearbook ranks countries on a large number of factual and subjective indicators relating to the business environment. We use indicators drawn from their Executive Opinion Survey capturing the views of approximately 4000 respondents.

||2006|2005|2004|2003|2002|2000|1998|1996|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Voice and Accountability**|||||||||
|Transparency of Government policy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Political Stability**|||||||||
|The risk of political instability is very high|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|
|**Government Effectiveness**|||||||||
|Government economic policies do not adapt quickly to changes in the economy|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|
|The public service is not independent from political interference|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Government decisions are not effectively implemented|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Bureaucracy hinders business activity|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally inefficient|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|
|Political System is not adapted to todays' economic challenges|..|..|..|..|..|X|..|X|
|Policy direction is not consistent|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|**Regulatory Quality**|||||||||
|The exchange rate policy of your country hinders the competitiveness of firms|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Protectionism in the country negatively affects the conduct of business|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Competition legislation in your country does not prevent unfair competition|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Price controls affect pricing of products in most industries|X|X|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|X<br>|
|Legal regulation of financial institutions is inadequate for financial stability|..|..|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Foreign financial institutions do not have access to the domestic market|..|..|..|X|X|..|..|X|
|Access to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Ease of doing business is not a competitive advantage for your country|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Financial institutions' transparency is not widely developed in your country|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Customs' authorities do not facilitate the efficient transit of goods|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|The legal framework is detrimental to your country's competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real personal taxes are non distortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real corporate taxes are non distortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Banking regulation does not hinder competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Political system as obstacle to development|..|..|..|..|..|X|X|..|
|<br>Labor regulations hinder business activities|..|..|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|New Legislation restricts competitiveness|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|Subsidies impair economic development|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|Ease to start a business|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|**Rule of Law**|||||||||
|Tax evasion is a common practice in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Justice is not fairly administered in society|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Personal security and private property are not adequately protected|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Parallel economy impairs economic development in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Insider trading is common in the stock market|..|..|X|X|X|..|..|X|
|<br>Patent and copyright protection is not adequately enforced in your country|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|X|
|**Control of Corruption**|||||||||
|Bibi d ti it i th|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|rng an corrupon exs n e economy|||||||||
|**Country coverage**<br>|**53**|**51**|**51**|**51**|**49**|**49**|**46**|**46**|
|**Year of Publication**|**2006**|**2005**|**2004**|**2003**|**2002**|**2000**|**1998**|**1996**|

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