||Using <br>|digital techn<br>|ologies<br>|Havin<br>|gremote w<br>|orkers<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|Having own website|0.094<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.094<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.088<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.028<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.028<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.024<sup>_∗_</sup>|
||(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.012)|(0.012)|(0.012)|
|Spending on RD|0.027|0.030|0.032|0.068<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.069<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.062<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.020)|(0.020)|(0.020)|(0.019)|(0.019)|(0.019)|
|Banking account|0.025<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.027<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.030<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.006|-0.005|-0.005|
||(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.012)|(0.012)|(0.012)|
|Exporter|0.023|0.024|0.024|0.032<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.032<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.032<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.014)|(0.014)|(0.014)|(0.013)|(0.014)|(0.013)|
|Productivity quantile (1-100)|-0.000|-0.000|-0.000|0.001<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.001<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.001<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Electrical outages (region)||-0.019|||-0.018||
|||(0.014)|||(0.013)||
|Finance constraint (region)||-0.001|||0.001||
|||(0.001)|||(0.001)||
|Age 5-9 years|-0.055|-0.055|-0.059|-0.022|-0.024|-0.015|
||(0.043)|(0.043)|(0.045)|(0.034)|(0.035)|(0.036)|
|Age 10+ years|-0.081<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.080<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.077<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.030|-0.032|-0.022|
||(0.041)|(0.041)|(0.043)|(0.031)|(0.031)|(0.032)|
|Medium (20-99)|0.034<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.035<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.032<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.034<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.035<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.039<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.015)|(0.015)|(0.014)|(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.013)|
|Large (100+)|0.041<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.040<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.038<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.144<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.145<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.148<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.018)|(0.018)|(0.017)|(0.018)|(0.018)|(0.017)|
|Const and utilities|-0.029|-0.030|-0.018|0.043<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.041<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.043<sup>_∗_</sup>|
||(0.022)|(0.022)|(0.021)|(0.023)|(0.023)|(0.023)|
|Retail and wholesale|0.171<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.170<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.166<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.001|-0.002|-0.005|
||(0.016)|(0.016)|(0.016)|(0.015)|(0.015)|(0.014)|
|Transp and storage|0.078<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.076<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.078<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.139<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.137<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.135<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.038)|(0.038)|(0.037)|(0.039)|(0.039)|(0.039)|
|Accomm|0.085<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.086<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.121<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.085<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.084<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.071<sup>_∗_</sup>|
||(0.044)|(0.044)|(0.047)|(0.039)|(0.039)|(0.038)|
|Food prep serv|0.143<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.143<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.140<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.002|-0.001|-0.007|
||(0.039)|(0.039)|(0.036)|(0.032)|(0.031)|(0.033)|
|ICT|0.192<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.192<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.191<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.237<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.235<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.230<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.043)|(0.043)|(0.044)|(0.041)|(0.041)|(0.042)|
|Other serv|0.027|0.029|0.017|0.043|0.044|0.035|
||(0.036)|(0.036)|(0.035)|(0.041)|(0.042)|(0.041)|
|Constant|-0.093|-0.091|-0.006|-0.161<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.160<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.102<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
||(0.084)|(0.084)|(0.053)|(0.075)|(0.075)|(0.048)|
|Observations|8842|8797|8842|8711|8668|8711|
|_R_<sup>2</sup>|0.117|0.117|0.143|0.190|0.190|0.212|

Note. Results from linear probability model. Clustered standard errors at the country-region-size-sector in parentheses. Specifications (1)-(2) and (4)-(5) include country dummies. Specifications (3) and (6) include country-region dummies. All specifications control for the severity of the crisis based on Google mobility (See section 2).<sup>_∗_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 10,<sup>_∗∗_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 05,<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 01. ‘Electrical outage (region)’ refers to the share of firms experiencing electrical outages during the previous fiscal year in the same sub-national region. ‘Finance constraint (region)’ refers to the share of firms identifying access to finance as a major constraint in the same sub-national region. ‘Banking account’ refers to having checking or saving account.

Table 1: Factors associated with increasing use of digital and remote work 20