**<u>Table 5: Inequality of Opportunity Indices for Labor Earnings</u>**

||**E(0)**|**BRAZIL**<br>E(1)|E(2)|**C**<br>**E(0)**|**OLOMB**<br>E(1)|**IA**<br>E(2)|**E(0)**|**ECUADO**<br>E(1)|**R**<br>E(2)|**G**<br>**E(0)**|**UATEMA**<br>E(1)|**LA**<br>E(2)|**E(0)**|**PANAMA**<br>E(1)|E(2)|**E(0)**|**PERU**<br>E(1)|E(2)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|TOTAL INEQUALITY|**0.616**<br>**_0.009_**|0.637<br>_0.014_|1.271<br>_0.086_|**0.608**<br>**_0.023_**|0.583<br>_0.037_|1.184<br>_0.189_|**0.638**<br>**_0.020_**|0.587<br>_0.027_|1.262<br>_0.151_|**0.786**<br>**_0.047_**|0.790<br>_0.071_|2.927<br>_0.990_|**0.572**<br>**_0.027_**|0.485<br>_0.037_|0.843<br>_0.167_|**0.675**<br>**_0.023_**|0.679<br>_0.036_|1.814<br>_0.367_|
|NON PARAMETRIC<br>ESTIMATES<br>|||||||||||||||||||
|_N_<br>_d_<br>θ<br>|**0.349**<br>**_0.008_**|0.341<br>_0.010_|0.209<br>_0.015_|**0.203**<br>**_0.021_**|0.235<br>_0.024_|0.144<br>_0.015_|**0.256**<br>**_0.016_**|0.284<br>_0.021_|0.158<br>_0.027_|**0.293**<br>**_0.029_**|0.314<br>_0.038_|0.116<br>_0.081_|**0.245**<br>**_0.024_**|0.266<br>_0.026_|0.161<br>_0.026_|**0.212**<br>**_0.018_**|0.220<br>_0.019_|0.095<br>_0.024_|
|_N_<br>_r_<sup>θ</sup><br>|**0.349**|0.322|0.344|**0.203**|0.258|0.411|**0.256**|0.314|0.498|**0.293**|0.353|0.516|**0.245**|0.272|0.396|**0.212**|0.227|0.000|
||**_0.008_**|_0.013_|_0.040_|**_0.021_**|_0.038_|_0.080_|**_0.016_**|_0.027_|_0.063_|**_0.029_**|_0.048_|_0.184_|**_0.024_**|_0.042_|_0.088_|**_0.018_**|_0.038_|_0.326_|
|PARAMETRIC<br>ESTIMATES<br>|||||||||||||||||||
|_P_<br>_r_<sup>θ</sup>|**0.338**|0.295|0.247|**0.170**|0.197|0.319|**0.214**|0.237|0.381|**0.231**|0.227|0.045|**0.174**|0.148|0.159|**0.174**|0.105|0|
|_J_<br>_r_<br>θ|**_0.009_**|_0.020_|_0.132_|**_0.022_**|_0.046_|_0.115_|**_0.017_**|_0.028_|_0.061_|**_0.028_**|_0.066_|_0.674_|**_0.026_**|_0.044_|_0.085_|**_0.021_**|_0.075_|_1.098_|
|_Gender_|**0.036**<br>**_0.005_**|0.018<br>_0.011_|0<br>_0.056_|**0.003**<br>**_0.008_**|0<br>_0.019_|0<br>_0.067_|**0.026**<br>**_0.016_**|0<br>_0.038_|0<br>_0.174_|**0.054**<br>**_0.023_**|0.033<br>_0.046_|0.031<br>_0.278_|**0**<br>**_0.012_**|0<br>_0.029_|0.012<br>_0.085_|**0.019**<br>**_0.007_**|0<br>_0.017_|0<br>_0.101_|
|_Race_|**0.074**|0.067|0.070|**0.001**|0.001|0.002|**0.008**|0.010|0.017|**0.032**|0.038|0.073|**0.031**|0.020|0.031|**0.023**|0.021|0|
||**_0.004_**|_0.006_|_0.025_|**_0.002_**|_0.003_|_0.005_|**_0.003_**|_0.004_|_0.007_|**_0.008_**|_0.009_|_0.015_|**_0.007_**|_0.005_|_0.006_|**_0.007_**|_0.010_|_0.073_|
|_Father's occupation_|**0.068**<br>**_0.003_**|0.058<br>_0.005_|0.062<br>_0.019_||(a)||**0.061**<br>**_0.009_**|0.061<br>_0.016_|0<br>_0.075_|**0.016**<br>**_0.006_**|0.019<br>_0.009_|0.043<br>_0.026_|**0.057**<br>**_0.013_**|0.042<br>_0.031_|0<br>_0.127_||(a)||
|_Father's education_|**0.110**<br>**_0.005_**|0.113<br>_0.008_|0.162<br>_0.024_|**0.102**<br>**_0.017_**|0.140<br>_0.028_|0.242<br>_0.061_|**0.074**<br>**_0.013_**|0.101<br>_0.018_|0.187<br>_0.043_|**0.086**<br>**_0.022_**|0.110<br>_0.039_|0.195<br>_0.154_|**0.069**<br>**_0.018_**|0.076<br>_0.024_|0.069<br>_0.057_|**0.074**<br>**_0.013_**|0.060<br>_0.020_|0<br>_0.106_|
|_Mother's education_|**0.123**|0.127|0.187|**0.104**|0.144|0.245|**0.094**|0.127|0.230|**0.092**|0.115|0.224|**0.099**|0.109|0.118|**0.098**|0.106|0.042|
||**_0.006_**|_0.009_|_0.025_|**_0.019_**|_0.029_|_0.059_|**_0.013_**|_0.019_|_0.047_|**_0.020_**|_0.039_|_0.157_|**_0.020_**|_0.027_|_0.054_|**_0.013_**|_0.021_|_0.125_|
|_Birth region_|**0.052**|0.035|0.021|**0.017**|0.006|0.000|**0.015**|0.017|0.000|**0.025**|0.036|0.103|**0.056**|0.060|0.093|**0.044**|0.055|0.052|
||**_0.005_**|_0.007_|_0.025_|**_0.010_**|_0.020_|_0.062_|**_0.008_**|_0.015_|_0.047_|**_0.014_**|_0.022_|_0.086_|**_0.015_**|_0.021_|_0.040_|**_0.011_**|_0.019_|_0.057_|

Sample individuals 30-49 with positive labor earnings and information on a set of circumstances; standard errors in italics; (a) father’s occupation is missing for Colombia and Peru.

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