In Eastern and Southern Africa, wealth is significantly positively associated with more public higher-level care, and private care from both medical and commercial sources. It is unrelated to public lower level care.

**Table 12. Multinornial logit estimates of treatment choice for children under 3 reporting fever in the past two weeks (no modern sector treatment is reference choice)**

||_W_<br>|_esternandC _<br>|_entralAfric_|_a_<br>|_Ea_<br>|_sternandSo_<br>|_uthernAfri_|_ca_<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||_Public,_|_Public,_||_Private,_|_Public,_|_Public,_||_Private,_|
||_higher_<br>_level_|_lower_<br>_level_|_Private,_<br>_medical_|_commer_<br>_-cial_|_higher_<br>_level_|_lower_<br>_level_|_Private,_<br>_medical_|_commer_<br>_-cial_|
|Wealth index|0.325|0.190|0.165|0.161|0.129|-0.016|0.121|0.146|
||(2.58)**|(1.71)*|(1.24)|(1.29)|(1.75)*|(0.31)|(2.03)**|(1.83)*|
|Wealth indexsquared|0.040|-0.093|0.006|-0.087|-0.012|0.000|0.014|-0.038|
||(0.61)|(1.60)|(0.08)|(1.21)|(0.59)|(0.02)|(0.79)|(1.59)|
|I=Male|0.091|0.053|0.175|0.222|0.043|-0.004|0.023|-0.127|
||(0.34)|(0.26)|(0.64)|(0.89)|(0.39)|(0.05)|(0.26)|(1.13)|
|Age (months)|0.047|0.034|-0.006|-0.064|0.048|0.054|0.068|0.011|
||(0.71)|(0.78)|(0.10)|(1.17)|(1.91)*|(3.36)**|(3.44)**|(0.44)|
|Agesquared(months)|-0.001|-0.000|0.000|0.002|-0.002|-0.002|-0.002|-0.000|
||(0.33)|(0.38)|(0.06)|(1.52)|(2.52)**|(3.84)**|(3.51)**|(0.22)|
|Mother'sschooling(yrs)|-0.017<br>(0.37)|0.055<br>(1.49)|0.113<br>(2.69)**|-0.037<br>(0.77)|0.050<br>(2.53)**|0.053<br>(4.08)**|0.060<br>(3.50)**|-0.003<br>(0.15)|
|Husband's|||||||||
|schooling(yrs)|0.025|0.033|0.100|0.065|0.035|0.033|0.024|0.016|
||(0.72)|(1.05)|(2.68)**|(1.74)*|(1.89)*|(2.54)**|(1.46)|(0.82)|
|1=Drinking|||||||||
|watercovered|-0.516|0.235|0.101|-0.197|0.099|0.276|0.206|0.209|
||(1.48)|(0.76)|(0.30)|(0.64)|(0.75)|(3.34)**|(1.88)*|(1.51)|
|1=Toilet|||||||||
|flushorpitlatrine|0.449|-0.056|0.001|0.235|0.362|0.139|0.272|0.229|
||(1.21)|(0.20)|(0.00)|(0.73)|(2.29)**|(1.45)|(2.20)**|(1.52)|
|I=Urban|1.624|0.294|0.018|0.804|1.164|-0.445|0.068|0.001|
||(4.29)**|(0.98)|(0.05)|(2.30)**|(7.22)**|(3.01)**|(0.44)|(0.00)|
|Constant|-5.454|-1.840|-1.518|-2.049|-1.418|-0.163|-1.334|-1.811|
||(4.27)**|(2.96)**|(1.93)*|(2.87)**|(4.41)**|(0.74)|(4.64)**|(4.82)**|
|Observations|6406|6406|6406|6406|8176|8176|8176|8176|
|Jointtests(p-values)|||||||||
|Ownwealth|0.018*|0.065*|0.410|0.223|0.168|0.939|0.004**|0.157|

_Note:_ Model includes dummy variables for region (not shown) and a dummy variable for husband's data available. T- statistics, adjusted for clustering are reported in parentheses. * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%. _Source:_ Author's calculations from pooled and weighted DHS.

The magnitude of these conditional associations can be assessed from the predicted probabilities summarized in Table 13. The table shows the percent probability of seeking each type of care conditional on having a fever, setting all observations to have the samne wealth (chosen to be the means of each quintile) and averaged across all observations. Even controlling for other characteristics, the use of public higher level services goes from 9.2 percent for the average wealth of the poorest quintile to 19 percent for the average wealth of the richest quintile in Western and Central Africa, with the magnitude increasing substantially between the wealth level of those in the fourth quintile to those in the fifth. The use of public lower-level care in Western and Central Africa _25_