**<u>Table A.2. Outcome variables</u>**

||||**Treatment**|||||**Control**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Variables|Year<br>2004|Year<br>2008|Year<br>2012|Year<br>2016|Year<br>2020|Year<br>2004|Year<br>2008|Year<br>2012|Year<br>2016|Year<br>2020|
|_Individual-level outcomes_|||||||||||
|Pt f hi hlth i|25.81|89.57|94.13|97.19|97.77|23.73|73.29|82.59|85.97|94.34|
|ercenage o avng ea nsurance|(3.47)|(2.79)|(0.94)|(0.53)|(0.67)|(1.95)|(2.28)|(1.68)|(1.63)|(0.78)|
|The annual number of healthcare|0.43|0.53|0.50|0.69|0.44|0.72|0.75|0.90|0.82|0.70|
|visits|(0.03)|(0.05)|(0.04)|(0.07)|(0.04)|(0.05)|(0.05)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.07)|
|The annual number of outpatient|0.33|0.44|0.40|0.56|0.33|0.62|0.66|0.75|0.65|0.58|
|<br>healthcare visits|(0.03)|(0.05)|(0.04)|(0.06)|(0.04)|(0.05)|(0.05)|(0.08)|(0.07)|(0.07)|
|The annual number of inpatient|0.09|0.10|0.10|0.13|0.12|0.11|0.09|0.15|0.17|0.11|
|<br>healthcare visits|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.01)|
|The number of completed schooling|4.28|4.84|4.48|4.66|5.70|4.94|5.38|4.97|5.07|5.31|
|years (children aged 6-17)|(0.17)|(0.18)|(0.14)|(0.12)|(0.28)|(0.13)|(0.16)|(0.12)|(0.09)|(0.21)|
|Percentage of attending school|80.27|77.88|78.52|82.89|84.06|83.91|80.53|81.64|85.23|84.65|
|(children aged 6-17)|(1.60)|(2.00)|(1.44)|(1.60)|(2.08)|(1.22)|(1.44)|(1.28)|(1.33)|(1.53)|
|Percentage of receiving subsidy for|41.68|45.44|57.76|55.18|44.72|19.33|25.82|31.09|22.24|19.19|
|students (children aged 6-17)|(3.97)|(3.67)|(2.63)|(3.02)|(3.82)|(2.32)|(2.63)|(2.64)|(2.75)|(2.46)|
|Education subsidy for students|0.28|0.40|1.26|2.56|3.26|0.26|0.48|0.95|2.41|3.35|
|(children aged 6-17,million VND)|(0.04)|(0.06)|(0.10)|(0.18)|(0.23)|(0.03)|(0.08)|(0.09)|(0.34)|(0.42)|
|_Household-level outcomes_|||||||||||
|Percentage of borrowing from the|13.80|13.89|n.a.|7.95|10.08|24.27|28.76|n.a.|18.11|15.37|
|formal sources|(0.00)|(1.83)|n.a.|(1.14)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|n.a.|(1.38)|(0.00)|
|Percentage of borrowing from the|14.85|25.31|39.38|31.18|29.91|12.28|20.08|24.59|28.64|24.01|
|micro-credit sources|(1.76)|(2.09)|(2.69)|(2.41)|(2.43)|(1.15)|(1.42)|(1.60)|(1.73)|(1.77)|
|Formal loan size (sample of|3.26|5.52|n.a.|15.06|25.44|5.59|7.53|n.a.|18.53|47.94|
|borrowing households, million VND)|(0.00)|(0.00)|n.a.|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|n.a.|(0.00)|(0.00)|
|Microcredit size (sample of|1.96|2.79|4.47|6.41|10.72|2.34|2.99|5.63|8.75|11.59|
|borrowing households, million VND)|(0.12)|(0.14)|(0.18)|(0.29)|(0.61)|(0.11)|(0.09)|(0.34)|(0.45)|(0.58)|
|Formal loan size (sample all|0.45|0.77|n.a.|1.20|2.57|1.36|2.17|n.a.|3.36|7.37|
|<br>households, million VND)|(0.00)|(0.16)|n.a.|(0.19)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|n.a.|(0.38)|(0.00)|
|Microcredit size (sample all|0.29|0.71|1.76|2.00|3.21|0.29|0.60|1.39|2.51|2.78|
|households,million VND)|(0.03)|(0.07)|(0.14)|(0.18)|(0.31)|(0.03)|(0.05)|(0.12)|(0.19)|(0.25)|

Note: The sample is limited to households residing in districts with a poverty rate exceeding 40% in 2006. Within this sample, households living in the 30A districts are referred to as the treatment group, while households residing in districts without the 30A Programs but having the 2006 poverty rate above 40% are considered the control group.

There are no data on loans from formal sources in VHLSSs 2010 and 2012 Standard errors of the means in parentheses.

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