**Table 16:** **<u>Wage determination regressions - by legal origin</u>**

|||Anglophone|||Francophone||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Dependent variable:|Basic|Augm|ented|Basic|Augm|ented|
|logof monthly wage(PPP)|(1)|(2)|(3)|(1)|(2)|(3)|
|Hrs. per week worked|0.010***<br>|0.003<br>|0.003<br>|-0.001<br>|-0.002<br>|-0.001<br>|
||[3.43]|[1.41]|[1.13]|[0.52]|[0.70]|[0.44]|
|Female worker|-0.034|-0.067*|-0.054|-0.076***|-0.055*|-0.052*|
||[0.88]|[1.74]|[1.38]|[2.78]|[1.79]|[1.66]|
|Education (years)|0.013|-0.008|-0.006|0.002|0.008|0.01|
||[0.78]|[0.52]|[0.39]|[0.13]|[0.45]|[0.54]|
|Education years squared|0.001*|0.001*|0.001*|0.001**|0.001|0.001|
||[1.86]|[1.79]|[1.67]|[2.40]|[1.35]|[1.08]|
|Junior/senior secondary degree|0.239***|0.141**|0.156**|0.107**|0.089*|0.098**|
||[3.88]|[2.10]|[2.29]|[2.27]|[1.88]|[2.06]|
|Vocational degree|0.304***|0.059|0.072|0.374***|0.321***|0.325***|
||[3.85]|[0.74]|[0.89]|[5.50]|[4.90]|[4.88]|
|Tertiary/university degree|0.928***|0.497***|0.496***|0.717***|0.597***|0.613***|
||[11.30]|[5.89]|[6.10]|[9.86]|[8.95]|[9.05]|
|Age > 32 (dummy)|0.187***|0.133***|0.152***|0.113***|0.075*|0.062*|
||[3.89]|[2.94]|[3.33]|[3.17]|[1.91]|[1.65]|
|Tenure (years)|0.005|0.011**|0.007*|0.021***|0.017***|0.017***|
||[0.92]|[2.35]|[1.79]|[3.84]|[2.98]|[4.76]|
|Tenure^4|0.000|0.000||0.000|0.000||
||[0.15]|[1.59]||[0.00]|[0.20]||
|Previous experience (years)|0.015***|0.009*|0.009**|0.012***|0.010***|0.012***|
||[2.79]|[1.71]|[2.22]|[3.61]|[2.93]|[4.40]|
|Experience^4|-0.000*|0.000||0.000|0.000||
||[1.80]|[0.86]||[0.94]|[1.11]||
|Permanent, full-time worker|0.268***|0.276***|0.252***|0.286***|0.261***|0.252***|
||[3.92]|[4.01]|[4.18]|[4.42]|[3.73]|[3.62]|
|Manager||1.048***|1.072***||0.525***|0.540***|
|||[7.58]|[7.55]||[6.12]|[6.19]|
|Professional||0.728***|0.741***||0.413***|0.454***|
|||[7.75]|[7.63]||[6.00]|[7.33]|
|Skilled production worker||0.239***|0.246***||0.170***|0.170***|
|||[4.88]|[5.04]||[3.82]|[3.73]|
|Non-production worker||0.139***|0.134***||0.100***|0.104**|
|||[2.81]|[2.62]||[2.60]|[2.58]|
|Belongs to union||-0.023|-0.073||0.141***|0.153***|
|||[0.43]|[1.34]||[3.31]|[3.20]|
|Related to owner/manager||-0.092|-0.102||-0.152**|-0.156***|
|||[1.32]|[1.43]||[2.52]|[2.62]|
|Medium firm (20-99 empl.)|0.016|0.018|-0.021|0.073**|0.068*|0.085**|
||[0.20]|[0.17]|[0.19]|[2.10]|[1.87]|[2.31]|
|Large firm (100+ empl.)|0.012|0.086|0.036|0.105*|0.087|0.117*|
||[0.16]|[0.88]|[0.35]|[1.68]|[1.30]|[1.96]|
|Exporter|0.143***|0.134**|0.108**|0.147***|0.130***|0.129***|
||[2.65]|[2.41]|[1.97]|[3.64]|[2.92]|[2.88]|
|Unionized firm|||0.160***|||-0.047|
||||[2.78]|||[0.96]|
|Constant|4.292***|4.720***|5.160***|4.193***|4.214***|4.179***|
||[14.99]|[17.90]|[29.67]|[21.26]|[20.40]|[20.19]|
|Observations|5041|3785|3710|6518|5912|5725|
|R-squared|0.27|0.32|0.32|0.52|0.54|0.54|

**Notes:** Robust t-statistics in brackets. * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. Wages are converted to PPP US dollars (see Table 19). All regressions include country and industry dummies, and hours worked per week. All observations are weighted by the country's GDP.

<u>Francophone:</u> Benin (excluded), Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cameroon, DRCongo, Burundi, Guinea, Madagascar, Mauritania, Rwanda, Senegal. <u>Anglophone:</u> Botswana (excluded), Ghana, Gambia, Kenya, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda. <u>Industries:</u> Food & beverages (excluded), Chemicals, paints & pharmaceuticals, Construction materials, Metals, Paper & printing, Plastics, Textiles, garments & leather, Wood, Other manufacturing.

<u>Other excluded categories:</u> <20 empl (firms), unskilled workers, no education/primary degree.

43