**<u>Table A.13. The placebo test of the program effect on individual’s health and children’s education</u>**

||||||D|ependent vari|ables|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Log of per<br>capita|Borrow<br>from|Borrow<br>from|Log of<br>formal loan|Log of<br>microcredit|
|Exlanator variables|income|income<br>from|income<br>from|income<br>from farm|remittances|public cash<br>transfers|income<br>from other|formal<br>sources|micro-<br>credit|(the sample<br>of borrowing|(the sample<br>of|
|py||wages|nonfarm<br>production|production|||sources|(yes=1,<br>no=0)|sources<br>(yes=1,<br>no=0)|households)|borrowing<br>households)|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|(9)|(10)|(11)|
|Program * Year 2008|-0.0349|0.0295|-0.0273|0.3211|0.0359|0.2058|-0.1799|0.0386|0.0268|0.1063|0.0532|
||(0.0592)|(0.5273)|(0.3235)|(0.2259)|(0.4219)|(0.2911)|(0.3593)|(0.0614)|(0.0487)|(0.0900)|(0.1331)|
|(Poverty rate – 50) *|-0.0013|0.0285|-0.0383|-0.0532*|-0.0216|-0.0368|0.0214|0.0010|0.0034|0.0069|0.0257**|
|Year 2008|(0.0086)|(0.0440)|(0.0372)|(0.0305)|(0.0397)|(0.0300)|(0.0389)|(0.0088)|(0.0050)|(0.0115)|(0.0122)|
|Program * (Poverty rate|0.0001|-0.0256|0.0418|0.0518*|0.0097|0.0585|-0.0233|-0.0028|-0.0029|-0.0081|-0.0289**|
|<br>– 50) * Year 2008|(0.0091)|(0.0517)|(0.0404)|(0.0309)|(0.0436)|(0.0371)|(0.0411)|(0.0091)|(0.0059)|(0.0123)|(0.0139)|
|Age of household heads|0.0173***|0.0925***|0.0527**|0.1209***|-0.0456***|-0.0213*|-0.0266|0.0137***|0.0063***|0.0236***|0.0041|
||(0.0039)|(0.0205)|(0.0205)|(0.0194)|(0.0129)|(0.0126)|(0.0205)|(0.0029)|(0.0021)|(0.0070)|(0.0060)|
|Age squared of|-0.0001***|-0.0013***|-0.0006***|-0.0012***|0.0006***|0.0005***|0.0007***|-0.0002***|-0.0001***|-0.0002***|-0.0000|
|household heads|(0.0000)|(0.0002)|(0.0002)|(0.0002)|(0.0001)|(0.0001)|(0.0002)|(0.0000)|(0.0000)|(0.0001)|(0.0001)|
|Gender of hh. head|0.0006|-0.1157|0.5530***|0.4849***|-0.4818***|-0.1337|0.0139|0.0496***|0.0202|0.0798|0.0819*|
|(male=1, female=0)|(0.0274)|(0.1297)|(0.1250)|(0.1357)|(0.0787)|(0.0825)|(0.1498)|(0.0170)|(0.0122)|(0.0483)|(0.0418)|
|Ethnic minorities|-0.5658***|-0.3507|-1.8163***|0.6421***|-0.4542***|0.4998***|-1.1709***|-0.0606**|0.0430**|-0.4543***|-0.0261|
|(yes=1, Kinh=0)|(0.0597)|(0.2528)|(0.3140)|(0.1440)|(0.1494)|(0.1835)|(0.2166)|(0.0277)|(0.0212)|(0.0572)|(0.0545)|
|District fixed effects|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Year fixed effects|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Constant|8.8094***|2.3786***|1.4655***|4.4929***|5.0903***|0.5021|1.6602***|0.0642|-0.0288|9.1221***|8.9677***|
||(0.1221)|(0.4986)|(0.4972)|(0.4803)|(0.3533)|(0.3749)|(0.4398)|(0.0743)|(0.0601)|(0.1666)|(0.1519)|
|Observations|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|12,154|4,536|2,346|
|R-squared|0.298|0.159|0.149|0.214|0.238|0.120|0.159|0.130|0.105|0.192|0.213|

Note: This table reports district fixed-effect RDD-DD regressions of income and poverty of households using household-level observations. Robust standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered by district and village-year levels. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.

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