**Table 7 –Transition Across Working time status (% of total transitions)**

||||Urb|an|||||||Rural|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Ma|le|||Fem|ale|||M|ale||Female||
|07/0<br>8|08/0<br>9|09/1<br>0|10/1<br>1|07/0<br>8|08/0<br>9|09/1<br>0|10/1<br>1|07/0<br>8|08/0<br>9|09/1<br>0|10/1<br>1<br>07/0<br>8|08/0<br>9<br>09/1<br>0|10/1<br>1|
|FT-->In<br>13|14|14|14|23|22|21|22|14|12|12|12<br>22|20<br>17|15|
|FT-->PT,Occ.<br>9|10|11|9|2|4|3|5|21|24|21|19<br>12|15<br>16|16|
|FT-->Un<br>15|15|14|13|4|5|6|5|7|7|6|6<br>0|0<br>0|0|
|In-->FT<br>15|14|13|13|24|24|23|22|15|15|13|13<br>24|22<br>20|19|
|In-->PT,Occ.<br>1|1|2|2|6|5|7|6|2|3|4|2<br>15|14<br>17|17|
|In-->Un<br>9|8|9|8|14|13|13|13|3|3|3|3<br>1|1<br>1|1|
|PT,Occ.->FT<br>7|8|7|10|2|4|3|4|20|20|23|26<br>11|13<br>12|13|
|PT,Occ.-->In<br>1|1|1|1|5|6|5|5|2|2|3|3<br>14|13<br>13|16|
|PT,Occ.-->Un<br>2|2|3|2|0|0|1|1|2|1|2|3<br>0|0|0|
|Un-->FT<br>21|20|18|20|7|6|7|6|9|9|10|9<br>1|0<br>0|0|
|Un-->In<br>5|5|6|4|12|12|11|11|1|1|1|1<br>1|1<br>1|1|
|Un-->PT,Occ.<br>2|3|3|3|0|1|1|1|3|2|3|3<br>0|0<br>0|0|
|_Upward_<br>_55_<br>|_53_|_51_|_56_|_53_|_52_|_53_|_51_|_53_|_52_|_56_|_57_<br>_51_|_50_<br>_52_|_52_|
|_Total (% of_||||||||||||||
|<br>_o)_<br>_19_|_18_|_18_|_17_|_13_|_12_|_11_|_12_|_21_|_21_|_21_|_20_<br>_33_|_30_<br>_30_|_30_|
|_pp._<br> <br>Source: Authors’<br>Turning to the qu<br>rank inactive, une<br>observe some im<br>compared to me<br>categorizations. O<br>the period 2007-2<br>both urban and ru<br>**Figure 10 - Net**<br>**of total transitio**|<br>estimat<br>arterly<br>mploy<br>prove<br>n, alt<br>verall,<br>011 bu<br>ral are<br>**Upwar**<br>**ns)**<br>**U**|<br>ions fr<br>data (F<br>ed, occ<br>ments<br>hough<br>the up<br>t we a<br>as.<br>**d Qua**<br>**rban**|<br>om L<br>igure<br>asion<br>over<br>the<br>ward<br>lso fi<br>**rterly**|<br>FSs 20<br>10), t<br>al wo<br>time.<br>gende<br>transi<br>nd sev<br>**Tran**|<br>07-201<br>he abs<br>rk, par<br>For w<br>r gap<br>tions t<br>eral ne<br>**sitions**|<br>1. FT<br>olute<br>t-time<br>omen<br>is le<br>end t<br>gativ<br>**betw**|<br>=Full<br>majori<br>-work<br>, the<br>ss m<br>o be l<br>e spell<br>**een**|<br>Time;<br>ty of tr<br>and f<br>situati<br>arked<br>arger t<br>s for<br>**Full-ti**|<br>PT O<br>ansiti<br>ull-ti<br>on is<br>than<br>han th<br>wome<br>**me, P**|<br>cc=Pa<br>ons oc<br>me wor<br>also<br>what<br>e dow<br>n and<br>**art-tim**<br>**R**|<br> <br>rt Time or o<br>curred to bet<br>k in this or<br>positive but<br>was observ<br>nward transi<br>one negative<br>**e and Occ**<br>**ural**|<br> <br>ccasional.<br>ter statuses<br>der. We ca<br>less positi<br>ed under<br>tions throu<br>spell for m<br>**asional wo**|<br>if we<br>n also<br>ve as<br>other<br>ghout<br>en in<br>**rk (%**|
|30.00|||||||30.00|||||||
|20.00<br>25.00<br>|||||||20.00<br>25.00<br>|||||||
|0.00<br>5.00<br>10.00<br>15.00|||||||0.00<br>5.00<br>10.00<br>15.00|||||||
|-500|||||||500|||||||
|-10.00<br>.|||||||-10.00<br>-.|||||||
|q1<br>q2<br>q3<br>q4|q1<br>q2<br>|q3<br>q4<br>q|1<br>q2<br>q|3<br>q4<br>q|1<br>q2<br>q3|q4||q1<br>q2<br>|q3<br>q4<br>|q1<br>q2<br>q3|q4<br>q1<br>q2<br>q3|q4<br>q1<br>q2<br>q3|q4|
|07/08|08/0<br>Ma|9<br>le<br>F|09/10<br>emales||10/11|||07/0|8|08/09<br>Male|09/10<br><br>Females|10/11||

Source: Authors’ estimations from LFSs 2007-2011.

**Formal and informal employment.** According to the ILO (2002), informal employment is defined by job characteristics, including the lack of contract or the lack of social security. In our analysis, informal

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