11 After completing all of the games involving sliders, subjects engaged in two additional tasks. One was a risk measure (using the Eckel and Grossman elicitation method, Eckel and Grossman, 2002). The other was an extensive survey recording subject demographics. Once these were completed, subjects were asked for a volunteer to oversee the payment to the charity. This volunteer would roll a four-sided die to determine the task that would be paid out at the end of the session, and would verify payment by accompanying an experimenter to the closest bank and make the cash donation directly to the bank account of the charity.

Students received 25,000 IDR as their show-up fee. Average earnings from the experiment were around 120,000 IDR. All sessions were conducted during March 2012 and March 2013 and took about 2 weeks to complete. In addition, since subjects used a mouse to manipulate the sliders, care was taken to utilize identical mice and screens during both rounds of data collection and to use the same screen resolution on the computers to minimize differences. Since this was an individual task, multiple treatments took place within the same session. Subjects were randomly assigned to seats within the computer lab and subjects in adjoining seats were given alternating treatments. Experimental sessions were conducted in March 2012 and March/April 2013, with a total of 431 subjects.<sup>6</sup> All earnings were expressed in tokens, with an exchange rate of 8.33 IDR per token, and all subjects were paid in cash at the end of each session. At the end of a session, experimentalists asked for a volunteer from the session, who stayed behind to verify payment to the charity. Once all subjects were paid, the volunteer added up the total donation to the charity from the session, and filled out a cash deposit slip. Deposits were made in the presence of the volunteer once per day in cash at the closest bank location. All subjects were informed of this procedure in the instructions at the beginning of the experiment.<sup>7</sup> Students from a prominent and highly competitive college in Jakarta, Indonesia, the State College of Accountancy (Sekolah Tinggi Akuntansi Negara, or STAN), participated in the experiments. Study at STAN is tuition-free in exchange for a commitment to join either the Ministry of Finance or to assume an accounting role at one of the other ministries, should a position be offered to the students. Nearly all do so. Students who are offered a position in government and turn it down are required to repay their tuition.

STAN students therefore constitute a sample of public sector officials who have not been socialized by work in the public sector. They are not representative of all public officials: the competitiveness of STAN and the career tracks of STAN graduates place them in the upper echelons of government employment. They are, furthermore, dissimilar from the public

> 6 Sessions were conducted in one month over two years.  The overall research project contained a number of treatments using the same sample and always began with the dictator game.  We pool the data together for the purposes of this paper so as to maximize the number of subjects per treatment.  To check for systematic differences between the samples across the two years, we test for significant differences in survey responses across the two years (since the survey questions were nearly identical).  With the exception of age (subjects in the second wave were 4-5 months older), no significant differences are found in the data.

> 7 Payments were carried out once a day in the presence of a volunteer from the session.  In the case of multiple sessions in a day, participants were informed when the donation was to take place, and were invited to come verify payments at that time.