|Religion=Sarna<br>Has BPL card||||(0.05)<br>-0.03<br>(0.04)<br>0.00<br>(0.02)|(0.05)<br>-0.03<br>(0.06)<br>-0.01<br>(0.02)|(0.07)<br>-0.01<br>(0.04)<br>0.00<br>(0.02)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|No social support (0-9)||||0.00|0.01|-0.01|
|||||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Knows women in||||0.08***|0.09***|0.05**|
|business (0/1)||||(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.02)|
|Adult connectedness||||-0.01|-0.01|-0.01|
|(0-4)||||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|EA poorer than rest|||||-0.01<br>(0.02)||
|EA has women in|||||<br>0.01||
|GP|||||(0.02)||
|EA thinks married|||||<br>0.03||
|women should work|||||(0.02)||
|EA thinks son's|||||<br>0.03||
|education more imp.|||||(0.03)||
|EA has primary|||||-0.04||
|school|||||(0.03)||
|EA has high school|||||<br>0.03<br>(0.02)||
|EA has crime|||||0.02<br>(0.02)||
|Urban|||||<br>-0.04*<br>(0.03)||
|EA fixed effects<br>No|No|No|No|No|No|Yes|
|Adj. R-sq<br>0.03|0.03|0.04|0.07|0.08|0.07|0.09|
|N<br>2388|2103|2103|2103|1896|1092|1896|

_Notes_ : The sample consists of only adolescent girls 15-24 years inclusive. Standard errors, in parentheses, are clustered at the EA level. * significant at 10 percent, ** significant at 5 percent, *** significant at 1 percent. The dependent variable is a binary variable indicating whether or not a girl aspires to be employed in a job in 5-10 years' time. The omitted caste group is General Caste and the omitted religious group is Hindu. The depression variable is a standardized z-score constructed from answers given to the following nine questions on: 'feeling little interest in things'; 'feeling down'; 'trouble sleeping'; 'feeling tired'; 'poor appetite'; 'feeling bad about myself'; 'trouble concentrating'; 'moving/speaking slowly'; 'thoughts of hurting myself'. The hope variable is a standardized z-score constructed from answers given to the following three questions on: 'expect good things to happen to me'; 'excited about future'; 'trust future will turn out well'. The selfefficacy variable is a standardized z-score constructed from answers given to the following ten questions on: 'can solve difficult problems if try hard enough'; 'can get what I want'; 'can stick to and reach goals'; 'can deal with unexpected events'; 'can handle unexpected situations due to my talent/skills'; 'can solve most problems if try hard enough'; 'can stay calm in difficulty'; 'can find several ways to solve a problem'; 'can think of a solution when in trouble'; 'can handle whatever comes my way'.

# **5b. Key Correlates of Socio-emotional Resources Like Self-Efficacy**

Given that socio-emotional resources like self-efficacy appear to be one of the key predictors of adolescent women’s aspirations, we next explore key correlates of selfefficacy in our data. We begin by analyzing the enumeration area (EA) level correlates of adolescent self-efficacy (Table 4, Column 1). Presence of a high school near the EA and the relative poverty status of the EA appear to be key correlates, but are no longer significant when we add household level correlates (Column 2, 3). Parental education appears to be the key household level correlate, whose effect was probably being picked up earlier by the EA poverty status. Finally, we add individual level correlates (Column 4, 5) and find that age, NEET status, previous participation in training programs, social support, knowing successful women and adult connectedness have independent explanatory power as far as adolescent self-efficacy is concerned.

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