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# ANNEX: SOCLAL SURVEY BACKGROUND

To study the issues raised in this work, we used the findings of surveys conducted in Russian cities in 1992-1996. They were all conducted by a group of sociologists headed by the author of this paper who works at the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Uniform sampling and survey techniques were used. In all cities, the sample was chosen from the existing housing units (i.e., units were selected and their occupants were interviewed). In all cases, the sample units were randomly drawn. For each household, one adult member was interviewed. The questionnaires were developed by the staff of the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow and the Urban Institute, Washington. The findings of sociological surveys based on Russian data and presented below were obtained by primary data processing of the relevant studies.

- _USAID-World Bank Survey in Seven Russian Cities_ (1993-1994) was conducted as part of the Housing Sector Reform Project (World Bank, 1994; Struyk, 1994). A research team of the Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences (head, Oleg S. Pchelintsev) was Involved in this work. In December, 1993-January, 1994, a group of sociologists headed by the author of this study conducted household surveys in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, and Barnaul, in which 2,150, 1,002 and 806 households respectively were polled. The Moscow survey used the sample developed for the Moscow Longitudinal Household Survey, 1993, second wave (see below). The main purpose of the surveys was to obtain information about the actual housing situation in the cities and to assess the structure of demand for housing. The main findings are presented in Guzanova et al., 1994a; Guzanova et al., 1994b; Guzanova et al., 1994c; Guzanova, 1994; Pchelintsev, 1994; Abankina and Zyev, 1994. The technique for the study of the households' needs, plans and preferences as regards housing, as well as questions about the choice of the so-called search methods, were reproduced in many household surveys conducted in 1994-1996 in Russia.

- **_The_** _Moscow Longitudinal Household Survey, 1992-1996 (M1,HS)_ was conducted for the Urban Institute, Washington. The objective of the survey was to obtain annual data over a period of four years to track the changes in the housing sector in Moscow and particularly how they affect individual households. The first wave of the survey was completed in December 1992; the second wave, in December 1993; the third wave, in December 1994; and the fourth wave, in January 1996. A total of 2,002, 2,150, 2,247 and 2,220 households were interviewed, respectively. The primary sample was drawn randomly from a listing of residential telephone numbers provided by the Moscow Telephone Network. Units without telephones in new residential suburbs were added to the sample. The same households were polled each year, with the sample complemented by new households that moved to new dwellings over the year in question (proportionately to the newly built housing). Ninety-five to ninety-seven percent of all units in Moscow were included in the population from which the sample was drawn. The Moscow Longitudinal Household Survey (second wave, 1993) and the USAIDWorld Bank Household Survey, 1993, in Moscow were conducted within the framework of the same field study. This work uses mainly the third and fourth waves of MLHS (1994 and 1996) when examining the factors and social consequences of privatization. When analyzing the development of the housing market, the Section 2 uses waves two and four (1993 and 1996).

- **_The Vladitir_** _and Gorodets Longitudinal Household Survey on Housing Allowances_ was conducted for the Urban Institute, Washington, three times: in October 1994, November 1995 and December, 1996. Using random samples, 300 households in Vladimir and 500 households in Gorodets were polled annually. The samples differed each year but were constructed in a uniform fashion<sup>21</sup> . The September, 1994 study, which dealt with housing allowances, provided a framework for an analysis of the need and demand for housing under the technique developed for the USAID-

> 21 To draw the samples for Vladimir, we also used statistics obtained for EHDP Vladimir Household Survey, which was conducted as part of the preparations for the World Bank Enterpise Housing Divestiture Project