# **<u>Table 1: Balancing and Summary Statistics</u>**

|||<br>Treatment|<br>Type|Joint<br>|<br>Ca|sh Incen|tives Am|Joint<br>ount|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||Vi|iifi|||||
||Clinic<br>condition|Vaccine<br>condition|accne<br>condition<br>& Fear|<br>sgn-<br>cance<br>(p-<br>value)|C5|C300|C800|signifi-<br>cance (p-<br>value)|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|_Baseline Characteristics:_|||||||||
|Age|24.77|25.25|25.30|0.164|24.89|24.91|25.49|0.092|
|Muslim|0.502|0.481|0.505|0.156|0.490|0.500|0.495|0.848|
|Any education|0.521|0.520|0.508|0.798|0.509|0.520|0.521|0.838|
|Marital status = Single|0.157|0.152|0.148|0.837|0.152|0.158|0.149|0.851|
|Currently pregnant|0.181|0.165|0.195|0.351|0.165|0.174|0.197|0.237|
|Have children|0.756|0.783|0.752|0.423|0.764|0.762|0.768|0.925|
|Has paid work|0.421|0.446|0.439|0.526|0.422|0.456|0.426|0.227|
|Monthly HH earning per capita (naira)|5974.3|5602.5|6078.2|0.385|5515.4|5973.3|6097.4|0.188|
|Distance to clinic (km)|1.713|1.720|1.690|0.299|1.708|1.707|1.709|0.989|
|Transport to clinic (naira)|119.61|129.72|120.87|0.305|124.9|109.99|135.67|0.029|
|Opportunity costs to clinic (naira)|3.818|4.182|4.203|0.787|4.289|3.846|4.091|0.718|
|_Baseline behaviors:_|||||||||
|Ever used clinic|0.707|0.732|0.727|0.411|0.718|0.730|0.719|0.777|
|Received tetanus vaccine before|0.388|0.406|0.402|0.664|0.388|0.405|0.402|0.620|
|_Baseline perceptions:_|||||||||
|Likely to contract tetanus|0.375|0.365|0.397|0.424|0.393|0.377|0.366|0.413|
|Number of people who die of tetanus|30.34|30.64|29.40|0.384|29.22|30.84|30.30|0.308|
|Very worried about Tetanus|0.359|0.331|0.381|0.097|0.342|0.368|0.357|0.431|
|Tetanus is very bad|0.431|0.422|0.448|0.434|0.415|0.418|0.465|0.031|
|Very important to be protected from<br>tetanus|0.501|0.474|0.513|0.073|0.469|0.507|0.505|0.174|
|Vaccine efficacy|22.30|22.82|21.57|0.567|22.00|22.09|22.64|0.829|
|Vaccines protect from disease|0.913|0.912|0.913|0.995|0.909|0.915|0.913|0.912|
|<br>Needles are scary|0.592|0.631|0.626|0.124|0.631|0.608|0.610|0.196|
|Vaccines have side effects|0.654|0.679|0.646|0.254|0.675|0.665|0.643|0.137|
|Vaccines give diseases|0.256|0.281|0.276|0.371|0.280|0.267|0.266|0.559|
|Vaccines give HIV|0.186|0.186|0.178|0.825|0.197|0.188|0.167|0.100|
|Heart rate (beat/min)|86.53|86.33|87.72|0.192|86.73|86.92|86.83|0.954|
|Joint significance(p-value)<sup>a</sup>||||0.411||||0.258|

_Source:_ Authors estimate _Notes:_ These are based on the analysis sample of 2,482 women. Transportion and opportunity costs to clinic are the costs for one-way. "Likely to contract tetanus" is a binary variable; "Number of people who die of tetanus" is the number of people out of 100; "Very worried about tetanus", "Tetanus is very bad", and "Very important to be protected from tetanus" are binary variables. "Vaccine efficacy" is the difference between the hypothetical number of unvaccinated people whom each respondent thinks get tetanus and the number of vaccinated people who get tetanus (range: -100 to 100). 150 naira = $1 approximately. Sample means among women in each of three treatment groups with respect to the types of treatment and the amounts of cash incentives, respectively, are reported in columns (1)-(3) and (5)-(7); columns (4) and (8) report the p-value for the joint significance test for the equality of the means across three treatment groups. Specifically, we regress each variable on two treatment dummies (C5 or Clinic condition as a base) controlling for village fixed effects and test a null hypothesis that the estimated two coefficients are both zero (F test) with standard errors clustered by village (80 villages).<sup>a</sup> Joint significance (p-value) tests if all treatment coefficients are equal to zero across all variables.

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