# Africa

Botswana: Given that Botswana has only one scheme which covers only public employees (according to the U.S. Social Security Administration 1993), the estimate of coverage used the total number of government employees for 1985, 45,552 as reported by the World Bank Report No. 7690-BT 1989. Dividing this number by the estimated workforce in 1985 of 358,450 or 33.5 percent of the total population of 1985 assuming no change in participation rate between 1985 and 1990. This yielded a coverage ratio of 12.7 percent.

**Burundi:** Gruat (1990) finds that 2.4% of the population in 1989 was covered by the general pension scheme. Multiplying this percentage by the 1990 workforce figure provided by the World Bank in Social Indicators of Development results in coverage of 67,680 private sector employees for 1990. The ILO Cost of Social Security (1992) includes a figure on public employee coverage in 1986 in Appendix A (p.194). Assuming the latter did not change between 1986 and 1990, the sum of the two covered sectors divided by the 1990 total workforce yields a rough estimate of the coverage ratio in Burundi in 1990 of 4.7 percent.

Cameroon: The ISSA report on the Tenth African Regional Conference (1991) says that total members covered in 1989 were 597,452 while World Bank Social Indicators show a labor force of 4,365,000 for 1990 increased to 4,238,000 in 1989 (based on population growth of 2.9%) yielding a coverage ratio of 13.7 percent.

Chad: The coverage ratio is taken from Gruat (1990) Table 2. Chad is one of the few countries which apparently does not have a special government scheme according to the ILO and the USSSA.

Egypt: World Bank report No. 10790-EGT Volume II, p. 79-82 describes the coverage situation in Egypt in 1989. While Egyptian farmers are nominally covered, the authors of the report felt that "as a practical matter people covered by this law receive very little insurance protection." For this reason, only State employees, employees of public enterprises, covered private sector firns, the self-employed participating in the system and employers are included here in the coverage ratio. The sum of covered workers in these sectors was 8,978,000 in 1989 out of an estimated labor force in 1990 of 14,420,620 yielding a coverage ratio of 62.3 percent.

**Ghana:** The ISSA report on the Tenth African Regional Conference (1991) says that for 1989 there were 1.1 million active contributors (out of 2.5 million registered affiliates) to the Ghana provident funds out of a labor force of 8.3 million (p. 81). This leads to the coverage ratio of 13.2%. This is higher than the 9.9% estimate by Gruat and is probably due to the latter's exclusion of public employees. However, the ISSA's estimate of the workforce varies significantly from that of the World Bank which show 5.69 million for 1990. Using the World Bank's figure yields coverage of around 20 percent of the labor force.

Guinea: ILO data for 1989 says that there were 24,943 persons "protected from old age" which is interpreted here as active members of the public old age scheme. This number divided by 3,016,300 which is the 1989 workforce - calculated as the 1990 figure from World Bank Social Indicators minus 2.7% (population growth rate) of that number, yields this tiny percentage of covered population. This agrees with Gruat 1990, Table 2 which reports a coverage ratio of .7%. Guinea apparently has no special public employees' scheme.

Kenya: The ISSA report on the Tenth African Regional Conference (1990) reports the Kenyan Provident Fund membership at 1,708,804 members for 1990. A conservative estimate is estimated that 50 percent of those members are active. The labor force is estimated for 1990 as 9,519,040 so that the coverage ratio is 8.9 percent.

**Madagascar:** Data from the ISSA 1991 report on the Tenth African Regional Conference sets the covered membership at 550,000 in 1989 while the World Bank figure from Social Indicators of Development says the labor force was about 5 million in 1990. Adjusting this number downward by 3.1% (the population growth rate) yields 4.845 million resulting in a coverage ratio of 11.4 percent.

Mali: Gruat (1990) reports a coverage ratio in the general scheme of 2.1%. The ILO includes an estimate for public employee coverage in 1986 of 12,000 which is then added to 2.1 percent yields 2.5% total coverage.

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