**<u>Table 5. QR estimates of earnings functions with schooling, cognitive and noncognitive skills, individuals aged 25-54</u>**

||**Males**||||||**Females**||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Variables**|**OLS**|**q10**|**q25**|**q50**|**q75**|**q90**|**OLS**|**q10**|**q25**|**q50**|**q75**|**q90**|
|Age, years|0.040**|0.073**|0.047***|0.044***|0.029|0.012|0.016|0.020|0.019|0.006|0.021|0.018|
||(0.016)|(0.029)|(0.018)|(0.016)|(0.021)|(0.035)|(0.014)|(0.020)|(0.015)|(0.015)|(0.017)|(0.025)|
|Age squared/1000|<br>-0.455**|<br>-0.968***|<br>-0.594**|<br>-0.499**|<br>-0.271|<br>-0.027|<br>-0.142|<br>-0.208|<br>-0.211|<br>-0.029|<br>-0.215|<br>-0.150|
||(0.202)|(0.371)|(0.241)|(0.204)|(0.278)|(0.433)|(0.181)|(0.258)|(0.193)|(0.197)|(0.228)|(0.327)|
|# of years of education <=9 years|<br>0.037***|<br>0.016|<br>0.019*|<br>0.035***|<br>0.052***|<br>0.036*|<br>0.020**|<br>0.001|<br>0.007|<br>0.015*|<br>0.032**|<br>0.037*|
||(0.009)|(0.015)|(0.012)|(0.008)|(0.011)|(0.019)|(0.009)|(0.014)|(0.013)|(0.009)|(0.012)|(0.021)|
|# of years of education 10-13 years|<br>0.045***|<br>0.053***|<br>0.062***|<br>0.044***|<br>0.033**|<br>0.020|<br>0.056***|<br>0.074***|<br>0.057***|<br>0.064***|<br>0.061***|<br>0.036|
||(0.013)|(0.019)|(0.016)|(0.013)|(0.016)|(0.026)|(0.012)|(0.020)|(0.017)|(0.014)|(0.015)|(0.029)|
|# of years of education > 13 years|<br>0.121***|<br>0.106***|<br>0.108***|<br>0.127***|<br>0.137***|<br>0.139***|<br>0.143***|<br>0.123***|<br>0.143***|<br>0.140***|<br>0.143***|<br>0.134***|
||(0.010)|(0.016)|(0.009)|(0.013)|(0.013)|(0.021)|(0.009)|(0.014)|(0.012)|(0.010)|(0.010)|(0.023)|
|Literacy|<br>0.029|<br>0.063*|<br>0.042*|<br>0.037*|<br>0.024|<br>0.031|<br>0.046**|<br>0.070***|<br>0.065***|<br>0.058***|<br>0.031|<br>-0.012|
||(0.020)|(0.033)|(0.023)|(0.022)|(0.026)|(0.041)|(0.018)|(0.025)|(0.021)|(0.020)|(0.022)|(0.045)|
|Openness (Z score)|<br>0.055***|<br>0.054**|<br>0.067***|<br>0.057***|<br>0.035*|<br>0.047|<br>0.031**|<br>0.008|<br>0.026|<br>0.031**|<br>0.046***|<br>0.052*|
||(0.015)|(0.026)|(0.018)|(0.014)|(0.021)|(0.033)|(0.014)|(0.018)|(0.018)|(0.016)|(0.014)|(0.027)|
|Conscientiousness (Z score)|<br>0.005|<br>0.033|<br>0.024|<br>0.001|<br>-0.017|<br>-0.011|<br>0.004|<br>0.002|<br>0.025|<br>0.012|<br>0.003|<br>-0.015|
||(0.015)|(0.023)|(0.017)|(0.016)|(0.017)|(0.029)|(0.014)|(0.023)|(0.018)|(0.015)|(0.016)|(0.030)|
|Extraversion (Z score)|<br>0.018|<br>0.006|<br>0.020|<br>0.008|<br>0.040**|<br>0.034|<br>0.018|<br>0.043***|<br>0.017|<br>0.005|<br>0.023|<br>0.017|
||(0.014)|(0.021)|(0.016)|(0.016)|(0.017)|(0.025)|(0.012)|(0.017)|(0.014)|(0.013)|(0.017)|(0.032)|
|Agreeableness, cooperation (Z score)|<br>0.013|<br>-0.030|<br>-0.034**|<br>-0.010|<br>0.038**|<br>0.089***|<br>-0.011|<br>-0.036*|<br>-0.010|<br>-0.020|<br>-0.008|<br>0.007|
||(0.014)|(0.022)|(0.015)|(0.017)|(0.017)|(0.026)|(0.013)|(0.021)|(0.014)|(0.013)|(0.015)|(0.030)|
|Emotional stability (Z score)|<br>0.008|<br>0.027|<br>0.011|<br>-0.003|<br>0.013|<br>0.019|<br>0.028**|<br>0.023|<br>0.033**|<br>0.031**|<br>0.031*|<br>0.034|
||(0.014)|(0.022)|(0.017)|(0.016)|(0.017)|(0.025)|(0.013)|(0.021)|(0.016)|(0.012)|(0.017)|(0.029)|
|Grit (Z score)|<br>-0.018|<br>-0.011|<br>-0.037**|<br>-0.020|<br>-0.006|<br>-0.011|<br>-0.005|<br>-0.010|<br>-0.016|<br>0.001|<br>0.002|<br>0.033|
||(0.014)|(0.023)|(0.017)|(0.013)|(0.017)|(0.029)|(0.014)|(0.019)|(0.021)|(0.016)|(0.019)|(0.028)|
|Decision making (Z score)|<br>0.005|<br>0.020|<br>-0.002|<br>0.008|<br>-0.014|<br>0.001|<br>0.017|<br>0.005|<br>0.014|<br>0.016|<br>0.014|<br>0.009|
||(0.014)|(0.020)|(0.017)|(0.016)|(0.021)|(0.028)|(0.013)|(0.023)|(0.017)|(0.015)|(0.018)|(0.025)|
|Hostile attribution bias (Z score)|<br>-0.030**|<br>-0.082***|<br>-0.053***|<br>-0.026*|<br>-0.000|<br>-0.005|<br>-0.028**|<br>-0.071***|<br>-0.031*|<br>-0.025**|<br>-0.020|<br>0.027|
||(0.014)|(0.022)|(0.019)|(0.015)|(0.015)|(0.025)|(0.013)|(0.024)|(0.016)|(0.012)|(0.014)|(0.027)|
|Risk taking (Z score)|<br>0.042***|<br>0.039*|<br>0.044***|<br>0.037**|<br>0.040***|<br>0.065**|<br>0.028**|<br>0.037*|<br>0.025*|<br>0.020|<br>0.029*|<br>0.004|
||(0.013)|(0.020)|(0.013)|(0.015)|(0.015)|(0.027)|(0.012)|(0.019)|(0.014)|(0.015)|(0.017)|(0.022)|
|Observations|3911|3911|3911|3911|3911|3911|4514|4514|4514|4514|4514|4514|
|R-squared|0.229||||||0.211||||||

Notes: These results derive from the full model with country fixed effects and an additional control for metropolitan area of residence. Statistical significance is denoted as *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 ; robust standard errors are in parenthesis. The estimations do not include Serbia which does not have data on risk taking or hostile attribution bias. Data sources: STEP data for 8 countries, 2012-13 40