**Table 7: Wage rate and performance effects among workers in India due to ethnic-based contracts**

||Base estimation|Including prior<br>feedback and<br>controls for<br>worker experienc|e<br>Experienced<br>oDesk workers<br>with controls for<br>lagged wages and<br>feedback|New oDesk<br>workers without<br>prior wages or<br>experience|Including worker<br>fixed effects|Companies with<br>past experience<br>with hourly hiring<br>in India|Companies with<br>past successful<br>experience with<br>hourly hiring in<br>India|Dropping UAE<br>outlier firm|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|<br>(2)|<br>(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
||||The sam<br>Estimates include fix<br>Pane|ple is contracts fo<br>ed effects for year<br>l A: DV is log hou|rmed with workers<br>x job type x country<br>rly wage paid to wo|in India<br>of company contact<br>rker|||
|Probability that contract|-0.029|-0.023|-0.011|0.053|-0.016**|-0.026|-0.013|-0.030|
|is ethnicity-based|(0.019)|(0.019)|(0.011)|(0.046)|(0.006)|(0.027)|(0.031)|(0.019)|
|Observations|45,656|45,656|30,423|7,043|45,656|27,699|22,830|44,848|
|Mean of DV|2.120|2.120|2.155|2.008|2.120|2.130|2.123|2.116|
|Relative effect|-0.014|-0.011|-0.005|0.026|-0.008|-0.012|-0.006|-0.014|
|||Pa|nel B: DV is percenta|ge differential betw|een accepted contr|act and median prop|osal||
|Probability that contract|-0.011*|-0.010*|-0.008|0.015|-0.012**|-0.007|-0.012|-0.013**|
|is ethnicity-based|(0.006)|(0.006)|(0.007)|(0.020)|(0.005)|(0.009)|(0.011)|(0.006)|
|Observations|45,654|45,654|30,421|7,048|45,654|27,698|22,830|44,846|
|Mean of DV|-0.012|-0.012|-0.008|-0.029|-0.012|-0.008|-0.008|-0.012|
|||Panel C: DV is a (|0,1) "good performan|ce" indicator from|public feedback sc|ores (feedback score|greater than 4.5/5)||
|Probability that contract|-0.005|-0.004|-0.009|0.023|-0.016|-0.014|-0.002|-0.009|
|is ethnicity-based|(0.017)|(0.017)|(0.019)|(0.036)|(0.012)|(0.023)|(0.025)|(0.017)|
|Observations|36,040|36,040|25,018|5,647|36,040|21,658|18,366|35,409|
|Mean of DV|0.540|0.540|0.535|0.520|0.540|0.582|0.630|0.533|
|Relative effect|-0.009|-0.007|-0.017|0.044|-0.030|-0.024|-0.003|-0.017|
||||Panel D: DV is a (0,1)|"good performanc|e" indicator from p|rivate post-job surve|y||
|Probability that contract|0.003|0.004|0.002|0.037|-0.008|0.006|0.030|0.001|
|is ethnicity-based|(0.017)|(0.017)|(0.018)|(0.042)|(0.014)|(0.024)|(0.027)|(0.017)|
|Observations|35,790|35,790|24,866|5,617|35,790|21,536|18,278|35,160|
|Mean of DV|0.620|0.620|0.627|0.593|0.620|0.638|0.680|0.616|
|Relative effect|0.005|0.006|0.003|0.062|-0.013|0.009|0.044|0.002|

Notes: Contract-level regressions estimate wage and performance effects from ethnicity-based contracts using variation among workers in India. The sample includes contracts formed between company contacts located outside of India and a worker in India. Regressions are unweighted, include fixed effects for year x job type x country of company contact, and report standard errors that are two-way clustered by originating company and worker. Fixed effect regressions bootstrap standard errors. Performance observation counts are lower due to ongoing jobs (99% of cases) or missing values. Worker controls include an indicator variable for whether the worker has previous experience, an indicator variable for an experienced worker without feedback, the number of prior jobs, and the feedback score as of the job application. ***, **, and * denote statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively.