|**_Table 3:_**<br>**_Country_**|**_Contin_**<br>**Year**|**_ued_**<br>**Model**<sup>**a**</sup>||||**Para**<br>|**meters**<sup>**b**</sup><br>||||**Compar**<br>|**ison fit stat**|**istics**<sup>**c**</sup>||**Predi**|**ctions**<sup>**d**</sup>||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||ac<br>�||bc<sup>�</sup>|p<br>|c<br>�||qc<br>�|ln L|_AIC_|_BIC_|_Mean_|_Gini_|_MLD_|_Theil_|
|_Niger_|2011|GB2|2.317|(0.458)|1.341|(0.231)|3.649|(1.616)|1.346|(0.359)|<br>-5,521.0|11,049.9|11,074.6|2.688|0.301|0.148|0.171|
|||D|2.856|(0.080)|1.510|(0.106)|2.395|(0.323)||—|<br>-5,522.2|11,050.3|11,068.8|2.706|0.306|0.154|0.182|
|||SM|4.560|(0.231)|1.810|(0.062)||—|0.559|(0.046)|-5,536.1*|11,078.2|11,096.7|2.729|0.314|0.165|0.205|
|_Niger_|2014|GB2|0.862|(0.418)|0.271|(0.680)|26.850|(54.380)|4.874|(3.442)|-5,486.0|10,980.1|11,004.5|2.632|0.344|0.194|0.211|
|||D|2.482|(0.082)|1.480|(0.133)|1.932|(0.275)||—|-5,498.7*|11,003.5|11,021.8|2.712|0.364|0.221|0.269|
|||SM|3.438|(0.183)|1.778|(0.097)||—|0.690|(0.069)|-5,515.1*|11,036.2|11,054.5|2.703|0.364|0.224|0.275|
|_Nigeria_|2004|GB2|1.043|(0.122)|1.959|(0.150)|3.751|(0.757)|3.977|(0.871)|-29,125.3|58,258.5|58,289.5|2.416|0.398|0.274|0.279|
|||D|2.363|(0.037)|1.797|(0.047)|1.038|(0.039)||—|-29,205.8*|58,417.6|58,440.8|2.511|0.420|0.308|0.354|
|||SM|2.300|(0.033)|1.989|(0.057)||—|1.127|(0.046)|-29,199.4*|58,404.8|58,428.0|2.454|0.408|0.293|0.318|
|_Rwanda_|2014|GB2|2.709|(0.182)|1.094|(0.045)|1.576|(0.195)|0.659|(0.055)|-23,914.4|47,836.9|47,867.1|2.719|0.471|0.377|0.570|
|||D|1.982|(0.026)|0.908|(0.040)|2.810|(0.178)||—|-23,928.8*|47,863.6|47,886.3|2.616|0.450|0.341|0.468|
|||SM|3.519|(0.059)|1.224|(0.017)||—|0.482|(0.014)|-23,925.2*|47,856.3|47,879.0|2.783|0.484|0.401|0.644|
|_Tanzania_|2009|GB2|1.430|(0.312)|0.793|(0.281)|5.610|(3.114)|1.858|(0.573)|-5,075.9|10,159.8|10,183.8|2.551|0.393|0.255|0.303|
|||D|2.186|(0.058)|1.152|(0.096)|2.314|(0.285)||—|-5,079.5*|10,165.0|10,183.1|2.623|0.410|0.281|0.364|
|||SM|3.397|(0.147)|1.456|(0.058)||—|0.582|(0.043)|-5,094.2*|10,194.3|10,212.4|2.667|0.422|0.303|0.419|
|_Tanzania_|2013|GB2|1.087|(0.283)|1.015|(0.395)|5.854|(3.548)|2.843|(1.130)|-8,476.8|16,961.6|16,987.3|2.859|0.409|0.281|0.313|
|||D|2.124|(0.051)|1.486|(0.103)|1.717|(0.166)||—|-8,489.0*|16,984.0|17,003.3|2.992|0.436|0.323|0.413|
|||SM|2.833|(0.108)|1.730|(0.075)||—|0.709|(0.050)|-8,506.1*|17,018.2|17,037.5|3.001|0.440|0.333|0.439|
|_Uganda_|2005|GB2|1.365|(0.169)|0.447|(0.119)|6.036|(2.151)|1.474|(0.257)|-11,375.7|22,759.3|22,786.8|2.295|0.480|0.389|0.522|
|||D|1.802|(0.031)|0.667|(0.045)|3.074|(0.263)||—|-11,379.5*|22,764.9|22,785.6|2.378|0.498|0.423|0.619|
|||SM|3.143|(0.073)|1.009|(0.024)||—|0.508|(0.021)|-11,418.3*|22,842.6|22,863.3|2.515|0.528|0.484|0.816|

_Source:_ World Bank.

_Note:_ AIC = Akaike information criteria; BIC = Bayesian information criteria; MLD = mean log deviation. a. GB2 = generalized beta II, D = Dagum, SM = Singh-Maddala.

b. Numbers in parentheses: estimated standard errors.

c. Asterisks placed next to the log-likelihood values of the Dagum and/or the Singh-Maddala distribution indicate that the improvement gained in adding a further parameter is of practical significance at the 5 percent level.

d. Analytic values obtained by substituting the estimated parameters into the relevant expressions—the formulas for the generalized beta II, Dagum, and Singh-Maddala distributions can be found in Kleiber and Kotz (2003, ch. 6) and Jenkins (2009).

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