**Table 6. Prevalence of disabilities at primary up to senior secondary level based on EMIS and Susenas**

|_Category_|**EMIS(e **<br>_All_<br>_disabilities_<br>_category_|**nrolled stud**<br>_Total_<br>_student_<br>_(disabled_<br>_and non-_<br>_disabled)_|**ents)**<br>_%_<br>_disabled_|_Visual_<br>_disability_|_Auditory_<br>_disability_|**SUSENAS(enrol**<br>_Motor/Sensory_<br>_disability_|**led student**<br>_With at_<br>_least_<br>_one_<br>_physical_<br>_disability_|**s)**<br>_Total_<br>_students_<br>_(disabled_<br>_and non-_<br>_disabled)_|_%_<br>_disabled_<br>_(at least_<br>_one_<br>_physical_<br>_disability)_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Primary|4,663|3,668,985|0.13%|24,730|19,486|32,991|66,752|27,678,335|0.24%|
|Junior<br>Secondary|1,902|3,167,870|0.06%|11,177|3,754|4,343|17,643|10,800,786|0.16%|
|Senior<br>Secondary|2,461|1,374,981|0.18%|6,057|1,788|2,314|9,885|8,278,110|0.12%|

Source: EMIS and Susenas 2018. Dapodik 2018 is not currently available.

In Indonesia, having a disability significantly increases a child’s likelihood of being out of school. A 2016 study by UNICEF found that in Indonesia school attendance was reduced by 61 percent for boys and 59 percent for girls with disabilities.<sup>34</sup> Data from Susenas 2018 indicate that more than one-fourth (27 percent) of adolescents with disabilities of junior secondary school age (13-15) are out of school compared with less than 1 percent among those without disabilities. For girls, the out of school rate (r 32 percent) is higher than that for boys (23 percent). Additionally, analytical work conducted by UNICEF, MoEC, and BPS has found that while primary school completion rate for children without disabilities is 95.0 percent, for children with disabilities it is only 54.0 percent. Junior secondary school completion rates are also much lower for children with disabilities at 36.6 percent, compared with 85.4 percent for children without disabilities. For senior secondary schooling, the completion rate for children without disabilities is 62.2 percent, while for children with disabilities it is 26.0 percent (UNICEF & MoEC, 2019).

At the district level, we extract the figure of disabled children from the 2010 Population Census.<sup>35</sup> The disability prevalence rates for the school-age population (7-18 years) in the selected districts of Sampang and Bangkalan are both 1.0 percent, whereas in Banjarbaru and Banjarmasin the figures are 1.47 percent and less than 0.1 percent, respectively. As the reported prevalence rate is very low, the contribution of disabled children to the SER as a whole is very small, at less than 1.0 percent in Bangkalan, Sampang and Banjarmasin, whereas in Banjarbaru the contribution is slightly higher, at 1.15 percent, in line with the higher prevalence rate reported in the census.

From the perspective of disabled children, the percentage of disabled children who participate in school (SER of disabled children) in selected districts is high. With the exception of Banjarmasin, with a percentage of nearly 60 percent, about 70 percent of disabled children in the selected districts attend school. Except for Banjar Baru where the SER of disabled females is higher than that of males (GPI of 1.14), the other three districts show that the SER of disabled males is higher than for females, following a similar pattern to their non-disabled peers.

> 34 UNICEF (2018) Progress in measuring global school enrollment gaps for children with disabilities: <u>https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/progress-in-measuring-global-school-enrollment-gaps-for-children-withdisabilities/</u> 35 For rare cases such as prevalence of disability, Susenas cannot be calculated at the district level, as the standard error is normally high. Therefore, we rely on the more comprehensive Population Census 2010 for disability figures at the district level.

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