|126ADB Institute(2000:2)|
|---|
|127Uninsureddebtthatisjuniortoinsured deposits<sup>butseniortoequity.</sup>|
|128Thistableincludessomecompleted,and<sup>yettobecompleted,reforms.Fora completeand detailed.</sup><br>|
|discussionofprogress byindividualcrisis-affected<sup>countriesinfinancialsectorandcorporatesector</sup><br>restructuringseeKawai (2000).|
|129Eichengreen(1999:52).|
|<br>130SeeEichengreen(1999:AppendixC) for<sup>furtherdiscussionofthe coincident natureofeventsin the</sup>|
|Asian crisis.|
|**13'**Eichengreen(1999:AppendixA.)|
|<br>**132**Proposalsanddevelopmentsinthesettingof<sup>financialstandardsarealsoreviewedinEichengreen</sup><br>(1999:Chapter3)andinNellor(2000:<sup>Table14.1).</sup>|
|<br>33SeeSoesastro(1998: 375)|
|<br>34Soesastro (1998)|
|<br>'"Severino(1998)|
|136Soesastro(1998)|
|137APECFinanceMinisters Process,<sup>updated May9,2001.</sup>|
|<http://www.apecsec.org.sg/fora/activity....nister_-process/finance_-process_upd.htm>.<br>138YoshitomiandShirai(2000:68).|
|139Most,althoughnotall,oftheAPECcountries<sup>wererepresented: Australia, BruneiDarussalam,Canada,</sup>|
|China,HongKongSAR,Indonesia,Japan,<sup>Korea,Malaysia,NewZealand,thePhilippines,Singapore,</sup>|
|<br>Thailandand theUnitedStates.|
|14 0 "ANew FrameworkforEnhancedAsian RegionalCooperationtoPromote FinancialStability,"Meeting|
|ofAsian FinanceandCentralBank Deputies,<sup>Agreed SummaryofDiscussions,Manila,Philippines,18-19</sup>|
|November1997.|
|**"41**Japan,MinistryofFinance(2002),<http://www.mof.gojp/English/qa/myO01.htm>|
|<br>**142**TheUS$15billionofmedium- and long-term<sup>supportundertheNewMiyazawaInitiativeishandled</sup>|
|throughtheJapanBankforInternational Cooperation<sup>(JBIC),which is themergedentityoftheformer</sup>|
|<br>Export-ImportBankofJapan (JEXIM)andthe<sup>OverseasEconomic CooperationFund(OECF).</sup>|
|<br>143Datawere obtained fromJapanMinistryof<sup>Finance,<http://www.mofgo.jp/English/if/eleO42.htm>and</sup><br>aredated February2000,butamountsremainunchanged<sup>today.</sup>|
|<br>144SeeSoesastro(2000b:141)|
|**145**ASEAN (1999)|
|<br>146Soesastro (2000b:140)|

147 Eichengreen (2001: 45) 148 The BSA is similar to a currency swap the<sup>U.S.Treasury extendedto Mexicoin themid-1990s when the</sup> peso was in danger of collapsing. Mexico swapped<sup>itspesos for dollarsto builditshard currency reserves,</sup> and later returned the dollars with interest.<sup>(Alan Yonan, Jr.,lain McDonald, andAlastairMclndoe,</sup> "Japan/Swaps Deal -2: To Insulate Asian<sup>Economies," Emerging Markets Report,10 May2001.</sup> <http://www.djinteractive.com>.

**149** Wheatley (2002)

**150** Not all of the swap arrangements will involve<sup>linkagetothe IMF(e.g.,the Japan/Chinaswap),butso far</sup> most are linked.

151 "S&P says Asia swap deals could threaten ratings,"<sup>ReutersEnglish NewsService,10 May 2001.</sup> <http://www.djinteractive.com>. **152** IMF (2002a) 153 Alan Yonan, Jr., lain McDonald, and Alastair Mclndoe,<sup>"Japan/SwapsDeal -2: To InsulateAsian</sup> Economies," Emerging Markets Report, 10 May<sup>2001,<http://www.djinteractive.com>.</sup> 154 Alan Yonan, Jr., lain McDonald, and Alastair<sup>Mclndoe, "Japan/SwapsDeal -2:To InsulateAsian</sup> Economies," Emerging Markets Report, 10 May<sup>2001,<http://www.djinteractive.com>.</sup>

**155** Horst K6hler, "New Challenges for Exchange<sup>RatePolicy,"Remarks made at theAsia-Europe (ASEM)</sup> Meeting of Finance Ministers, Kobe, 13 January<sup>2001.</sup>

**156** Nellor (2000: 341-342)

157 Noble and Ravenhill (2000: 30-32) 158 Kawai, Newfarmer and Schmukler (2001: 44-47) 125