||(0.474)|(1,928)|(3,137)|
|---|---|---|---|
|Used farmyard manure (FYM)|0.230|-4,278|-4,269|
||(0.400)|(3,835)|(4,699)|
|Used Potash|0.725***|4,020**|6,160***|
||(0.273)|(1,797)|(2,360)|
|Used pesticide|0.603**|5,234***|6,351***|
||(0.257)|(1,960)|(2,375)|
|Used weedicide|-0.283|-4,241|-6,160|
||(0.650)|(3,513)|(4,696)|
|Hybrid variety of seeds used (vs Local)|0.184|3,077**|3,946**|
||(0.248)|(1,533)|(1,994)|
|**Caste Category**(Base = General)||||
|_Scheduled Caste (SC)_|-0.548|300.2|-1,924|
||(1.007)|(6,730)|(8,641)|
|_Scheduled Tribe (ST)_|0.340|-3,728|-4,065|
||(0.474)|(4,521)|(5,516)|
|_Other Backward Classes (OBC)_|0.561|-2,216|-2,470|
||(0.480)|(4,330)|(5,153)|
|Gender of Respondent = Male|-0.0621|616.8|-928.5|
||(0.395)|(2,119)|(3,080)|
|Age of Respondent (In years)|0.0195|14.33|77.15|
||(0.0157)|(74.85)|(107.0)|
|Literacy of Respondent (Can read and write)|0.407*|980.0|2,694|
||(0.233)|(1,315)|(1,823)|
|Experience of farming in the family (in years)|-0.0212|-127.9|-201.7|
||(0.0175)|(118.0)|(149.5)|
|Farming is the main source of family income|0.460*|602.3|2,550|
||(0.272)|(1,509)|(2,085)|
|OLS|Yes|Yes|No|
|Tobit|No|No|Yes|
|Block FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Observations|757|742|742|
|R-squared|0.521|0.198||

Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses clustered at village level *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 The coefficients in the table above are based on estimations that analyze the difference in gross value of output in Rabi 2021 between JOHAR beneficiary farmers vs control (non-beneficiary) farmers. Column 1 reports results from an OLS specification where the dependent variable is the log of the total gross value of output for a farmer in Rabi 2021. Column 2 reports results where the dependent variable is the total GVO (measured in Rs.) for a farmer. Column 3 reports Tobit regression estimates where the dependent variable is the total GVO (measured in Rs.), taking into account censoring at 0 for farmers who do not cultivate in Rabi. In each regression, we control for the number of months a JOHAR system has been operational (less than or more than 18 months) as well as the access of a farmer to a diesel pump, electric pump, or a pond/canal vs a farmer with no source of irrigation. We also control for whether a JOHAR farmer used a supplementary source of irrigation and whether the pump used was a solar or diesel pump. Finally, we control for other demographic characteristics such as the total land holding of a farmer in acres, household size, migration, upland plot proportion, use of fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides and farmyard manure, use of hybrid seeds, caste category of family, gender, age and literacy of the respondent, the experience of farming in the family and whether farming is the main source of income. We also include block fixed effects to account for unobserved time invariant difference across blocks.

The results of the log-linear model show that the gross value of Rabi output of JCLIS beneficiaries is nearly 3.6 times higher than that of the non-beneficiaries within the same block even after we control for the total land owned and access to other sources of irrigation. The linear OLS models show that the beneficiaries' GVO is higher by Rs. 4,825, but the coefficient is statistically significant only at the 10 percent level. The Tobit model shows the GVO of JCLIS beneficiaries is higher by Rs. 9,629 compared to non-beneficiaries. The GVO is significantly higher for farmers 24