**Table** **<u>6: Impact of credit constraint on productivity: robustness tests</u>**

||**No option**|**in informal**|**markets**||**Non linear**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||<br>**Unconstr.**|<br>**Constr.**|<br>**Selection**|**Unconstr.**|**Constr.**|**Selection**|
|Total borrowed, USD1000|0.085<br>(0.495)|0.775***<br>(2.700)||0.077<br>(0.400)|0.699***<br>(2.603)||
|Land owned, in ha.|-0.224***|-0.412***|-0.042**||||
||(-6.834)|(-5.918)|(-2.011)||||
|Log land owned||||-0.382***|-0.356***|-0.070***|
|||||(-10.439)|(-17.431)|(-3.005)|
|No. of children (0-14)|0.005|0.023|-0.009|-0.007|0.028*|-0.031|
||(0.289)|(1.324)|(-0.545)|(-0.307)|(1.958)|(-1.622)|
|No of female adult|-0018|-0035|-0032|-0013|-0005|-0041|
|.|.<br>(-0.568)|.<br>(-1.004)|.<br>(-1.075)|.<br>(-0.320)|.<br>(-0.185)|.<br>(-1.320)|
|No. of male adult|-0.009|0.057*|-0.017|0.038|0.071***|0.032|
||(-0.281)|(1.819)|(-0.585)|(0.978)|(3.057)|(1.036)|
|Female headed hhd=1|<br>0.031|<br>0.007|<br>0.058|<br>0.037|<br>-0.082*|<br>-0.002|
||(0.416)|(0.119)|(0.943)|(0.378)|(-1.824)|(-0.025)|
|Age head|0.001|0.001|0.009***|0.004|0.005***|0.006***|
||(0.540)|(0.644)|(5.310)|(1.410)|(3.524)|(2.715)|
|No. year of schooling of head|0.006|-0.000|-0.034***|0.017|0.012|-0.037***|
||(0.543)|(-0.023)|(-3.838)|(1.266)|(1.401)|(-3.562)|
|Member of farm cooperative|0.039|-0.033|-0.198***|-0.081|0.103*|-0.287***|
||(0.536)|(-0.500)|(-3.337)|(-0.810)|(1.819)|(-4.734)|
|Distance to market, min|<br>0.001|<br>0.000|<br>0.000|<br>0.001|<br>0.000|<br>-0.000|
||(0.938)|(0.172)|(0.493)|(0.684)|(0.504)|(-0.104)|
|Distance to main road, min|-0.001*|-0.001|-0.000|0.001|-0.001*|0.000|
||(-1.718)|(-0.698)|(-0.142)|(0.611)|(-1.922)|(0.613)|
|% of high quality soil|<br>0.314***|<br>0.174**||<br>0.307***|<br>0.203***||
||(4.237)|(2.309)||(3.132)|(3.330)||
|% of medium quality soil|0.317***|-0.054||0.300**|0.059||
||(3.366)|(-0.537)||(2.413)|(0.820)||
|% of wetland|<br>-0.087|<br>0.154||<br>-0.075|<br>0.108||
||(-0.541)|(0.999)||(-0.390)|(0.849)||
|% of irrigated land|-0.163|0.064||-0.237|0.063||
||(-0.972)|(0.590)||(-1.162)|(0.582)||
|VPU program in village|||0.011|||-0.038|
||||(0.199)|||(-0.589)|
|Sale value of hhd assets, in USD1000|||-0.828***|||-0.326|
||||(-3.138)|||(-1.188)|
|Sale value of livestock, in USD1000|||-0.348***|||-0.276***|
||||(-3.079)|||(-2.624)|
|No. adult children in village|||<br>-0.009|||<br>-0.051|
||||(-0.297)|||(-1.579)|
|Hd born in the village=1|||-0.077|||-0.089|
||||(-1.204)|||(-1.274)|
|Hd was displaced=1|||0.027|||0.012|
||||(0.486)|||(0.210)|
|Listen to the news at least once a week|||-0.303***|||-0.255***|
||||(-5.263)|||(-4.067)|
|Head/spouse holds political office|||<br>-0.114|||<br>-0.259***|
||||(-1.441)|||(-3.503)|
|Relatives holds political office|||<br>-0.115*|||<br>-0.243***|
||||(-1.865)|||(-4.157)|
|Distance to MFI min|||<br>-0.001|||<br>0.000|
|,|||<br>(-0.962)|||<br>(0.477)|
|Sigma|1.008*|0.993**||1.031*|0.956**||
|<br>Rho|0.357|0.243||0.525|0.264**||
|Log-Likelihood||-6,302.39|||-5,873.30||
|<br>chi2||<br>236.729|||<br>352.862||
|chi2_c||3.260|||10.755||
|Number of observations||3,119|||3,117||

**Note** : District dummies not reported. t-stats in parenthesis. T-test * significant at 10%; ** at 5%; *** at 1% ***. Standard errors clustered at the village level. Constant included but not reported due to space constraints.

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