provides information on employment and livelihoods, education, displacement characteristics, coping with food insecurity and consumption. The maps presented in **Figures A2b** and **A2c** show the spatial spread of surveyed host communities and camps.

Of the surveyed households, 46% are located in the urban area of Maiduguri (the capital of Borno state). Another 31% are located in the adjacent, rural Jere district, while the remaining 23% are spread across the six states in North-east Nigeria. Of the IDP households that reside in host communities, 51% are located in Maiduguri and 30% in Jere. Among IDPs in camps, 35% of the households are located in Maiduguri and 39% in Jere.

The total survey sample includes 17,951 individuals from 2,947 households:

- 563 IDP households (3,290 individuals) that are located in IDP camps;

- 874 IDP households (5,234 individuals) that are located in host communities;

- 1,510 non-IDP households (9,427 individuals) that are located in host communities;

Thus, 47% of the surveyed individuals are IDPs, and 18% (of the full sample) are camp-based IDPs. The survey includes both household information and a household roster module containing information on socio-demographic indicators, health, education (for members ages 6 or older) and employment (for members ages 15 or older).

**Conflict event data.** We match the survey data spatio-temporally with conflict event data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), using detailed geo- and time-tagged information on events of violence (Raleigh et al., 2010). Events reported by ACLED include various forms of violence, and allow us to calculate a local violence measure for IDP and non-IDP households, which counts the total number of violent events in the 12 months prior to the survey.

**Study sample.** The surveyed population is fairly young, with a mean age of 18.9 years. The detailed breakdown in **Figure A3a** shows that in terms of age and gender, IDPs and non-IDPs are relatively similar. In each group, about one-half of the surveyed individuals are females. About 50% of the sample is also younger than age 15; 16% are between 15 and 24 years old, 29% are between 25 and 64 years old, and 2% aged 65 or over. As shown in **Figure A3b** , the majority of household heads are between 25 and 64 (about 85%) and about two-thirds are male for both IDPs and nonIDPs.

**Table 1** presents summary statistics for the key variables used in the main analysis. The mean rCSI at the household level is 11.02, 61% of adults (age 15 or over) are engaged in any form of economic activity, while 74% of children aged 6 to 14 attend school.

**rCSI (household). Figure A4a** lists the five items the rCSI is built from and reveals that the mean household employed each of the very harmful food-related behaviors on at least one of the 7 days prior to the survey. The most frequently used harmful behavior was to rely on less preferred or expensive food (mean = 2.2 days). The prevalence of these behaviors is very concerning and underlines the vulnerability and precarity of households in North-east Nigeria. This is emphasized further when we look at poverty and consumption outcomes ( **Table A1** ). For example, 84% of

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