# **Table 1. Conditional correlations of grades and absenteeism with aspired and expected education**

||**S**|**tandardized a**|**verage grade**|**s**|**Number of**|**school days**|**missed in the**|**past month**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|Aspired education in years<br>|**0.091*****<br>(0.01)||||**-0.276*****<br>(0.03)||||
|Aspired education in years<sup>2</sup>|**-0.002*****||||**0.007*****||||
||(0.00)||||(0.00)||||
|Expected education in years||**0.154*****<br>(0.01)||||**-0.322*****<br>(0.03)|||
|Expected education in years<sup>2</sup>||<br>**-0.005*****||||<br>**0.010*****|||
|||(0.00)||||(0.00)|||
|Diff. in years between aspi. and expect.|||**0.029*****<br>(0.00)||||**-0.040*****<br>(0.01)||
|Diff. in years between aspi. and expect.<sup>2</sup>|||<br>**-0.002*****||||<br>**0.003*****||
||||(0.00)||||(0.00)||
|Having lower expect. than aspi. (dummy)||||**0.122*****||||**-0.117*****|
|||||(0.01)||||(0.02)|
|Self-esteem|-0.004|-0.005|-0.001|-0.000|-0.050***|-0.048***|-0.054***|-0.054***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Sense of belonging|0.063***|0.066***|0.065***|0.066***|-0.101***|-0.105***|-0.105***|-0.107***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Perseverance|0.042***|0.046***|0.047***|0.048***|-0.029**|-0.033***|-0.037***|-0.038***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Growth mindset|0.145***|0.151***|0.152***|0.153***|-0.090***|-0.095***|-0.101***|-0.104***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Effort beliefs|0.053***|0.056***|0.055***|0.055***|0.002|-0.002|-0.002|-0.002|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Learning orientation|0.123***|0.129***|0.131***|0.130***|-0.095***|-0.102***|-0.109***|-0.110***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Performance-avoidance orientation|-0.059***|-0.059***|-0.060***|-0.060***|0.039***|0.039***|0.042***|0.042***|
||(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.00)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Age (with decimals)|-0.101***|-0.104***|-0.109***|-0.110***|0.143***|0.146***|0.160***|0.162***|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|
|Being a girl (dummy)|0.580***|0.601***|0.596***|0.595***|-0.360***|-0.392***|-0.393***|-0.395***|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.02)|(0.02)|
|Living in urban area (vs. rural)|-0.113***|-0.110***|-0.091***|-0.090***|-0.109***|-0.105***|-0.147***|-0.151***|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|
|Living in Java (vs. in Sumatra)|<br>0.038***|<br>0.031***|<br>0.020***|<br>0.021***|<br>0.009|<br>0.015|<br>0.041|<br>0.040|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|
|Constant|0.231*|-0.020|1.230***|1.212***|1.893***|1.939***|-0.753***|-0.753***|
||(0.12)|(0.12)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.33)|(0.32)|(0.21)|(0.21)|
|Observations|54,639|54,615|54,610|54,610|55,039|55,014|55,009|55,009|
|R-squared|0.24|0.23|0.23|0.23|0.05|0.04|0.04|0.04|

_Source_ : Authors’ calculations based on the 2018 survey “Getting to Know 8th Grade Students.” _Note_ : Conditional correlations are Ordinary Least Squares regressions. Yellow and blue highlights show significant correlations at least at the 95 percent level for the variables of interest and covariates, respectively. Grades are the average of four subjects—math, science, English, Bahasa Indonesia—of the last semester before the survey and come from the schools’ administrative data. They are standardized at the school level, with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. Measures of socioemotional skills are standardized for the entire sample (see annex 2 for definitions). Standard errors are clustered at the school level. The base level of the dummy ‘have lower expectations than aspirations’ includes 5 percent of students with higher expectations than aspirations.

_*p < 0.1 **p < 0.05 ***p < 0.01_ 18