from the National Nutrition Survey 2013. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1730. Published 2018 Nov 11. doi: https://10.3390/nu10111730

> 34 Derek Headey, Kalle Hirvonen, John Hoddinott, Animal Sourced Foods and Child Stunting, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 100, Issue 5, October 2018, Pages 1302– 1319, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay053

> 35 World Bank. 2018. Making growth work for the poor: a poverty assessment for the Philippines (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/273631527594735491/Making-growth-work-for-the- <u>poor-a-poverty-assessment-for-the-Philippines</u>

> 36 Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is defined as the percent of children 6-23 months of age who receive foods from 4 or more food groups during the previous day. Seven food groups are considered: (1) grains, roots and tubers, (2) legumes and nuts, (3) dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese), (4) flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, and liver/organ meats), (5) eggs, (6) vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables, (7) other fruits and vegetables. A minimum acceptable diet (MAD) defined as children 6–23 months of age who receive a minimum acceptable diet (apart from breast milk). This indicator is comprised of two fractions: (1) The proportion of breastfed children 6-12 months of age who had at least the minimum dietary diversity and the minimum meal frequency during the previous day and (2) The proportion of nonbreastfed children 6-23 months of age who received at least 2 milk feedings and had at least the minimum dietary diversity not including milk feeds and the minimum meal frequency during the previous day.

> 37 Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP[1], Moller AB, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, Landoulsi S, Jampathong N, Kongwattanakul K, Laopaiboon M, Lewis C, Rattanakanokchai S, Teng DN, Thikhamthrop J, Watananirun K, Zhang J, Zhou W, Gülmezoglu AM. Global, regional and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2018. 30 Oct. doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30451-0

> 38 In contrast to the DHS survey, the NNS’s indicator of LBW prevalence uses the denominator of all living children (rather than all live births).

> 39 Katz J, Lee ACC, Kozuki N, et al. Born too small or too soon: a pooled analysis of mortality risk among preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low- and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013

> 40 World Bank (2018) “Operationalizing a Multi-Sectoral Approach for the Reduction of Stunting in Indonesia: An application using the 2007 and 2013 Riskesdas” The World Bank, Washington D.C. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/report/114207

> 41 World Bank (2018) “All Hands on Deck: Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in SubSaharan Africa.” The World Bank, Washington D.C. Report: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/260571530132166786/ Annex: http://documents.worl <u>dbank.org/curated/en/467711529406437446/</u>

> 42 Skoufias, E., K. Vinha, and R. Sato (2019) “Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in SubSaharan Africa.” Journal of African Economies (forthcoming)

> 43 Prendergast, Andrew J and Jean H Humphrey. “The stunting syndrome in developing countries” Paediatrics and international child health vol. 34,4 (2014): 250-65.

> 44 Children’s birthweights were recorded either as verbal reports from mothers or with reference to a written record.

> 45 This indicator allows for delayed vaccination.

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