Column 2 reports estimates for the women sample. Once again, the “Partner Miner” coefficient is negative and statistically significant at the one percent level. In term of magnitude, ceteris paribus, having a partner working in the mines decreases the probability of abstaining from sexual intercourse by 1.4 percentage points. This finding confirms that women, with a husband temporarily employed in the mines, are less likely to abstain from sexual relationships, compared to women with partners doing other types of jobs. By analyzing the effect of other covariates on the dependent variable, we find that the age of the partner is positively associated with abstinence. Abstinence is also negatively correlated with wealth, showing that richer women are less likely to abstain.

In addition to abstinence, fidelity is considered another strategy for HIV prevention. In table 5, columns 3 and 4, we test whether being a miner or having a partner employed in the mines is associated with the likelihood of engaging in extra-marital sex. We report marginal effects of a probit model using the probability of engaging in extra-marital relationships in the last 12 months as the dependent variable. The estimates only consider the subsample of currently married or cohabiting individuals because the others, by definition, have only non-marital sex if they are sexually active. Column 3 shows that the coefficient on “Miner _”_ is not statistically significant. This is a counterintuitive result and it is plausibly driven by the small fraction of currently married miners in the sample, which as previously discussed, is not representative of the total miner population. Among the other controls in the male regression, the statistically significant covariates are urban status and Catholic.

When considering the sample of women, an interesting result emerges: having a miner as partner is positively correlated with extra-marital sexual intercourses. More specifically, according to column 4, when the partner works in the mines, a woman is almost 2 percent points more likely to report extra-marital sex. This result is robust to the inclusion of controls such as age, age squared, urban status, education and wealth. Among the other findings, age positively influences the dependent variable, while the coefficient on age squared is negative, suggesting, as expected, that women in the middle stage of their life are more likely to report extra-marital affairs. Having older partners increases the likelihood of engaging in extra-marital relationships. Furthermore, educated women are more likely not to engage in extra-marital sex. The coefficient on assets owned by the household is negatively correlated with the dependent variable, suggesting that richer women are less likely to engage in extra-marital sexual affairs. Finally, Catholic women are more likely to engage in extra-marital relationships compared to Protestant.

[Insert table 6] We next test whether, ceteris paribus, miners and women with a partner employed in the mines are less likely to use condom. The Swaziland DHS asks about condom use during the last intercourse to women and men in the sample, while in Lesotho, the survey investigates the last contraceptive method used by males and whether a condom was used at the last intercourse in the female sample. Furthermore, the survey elicits information on whether the last sexual intercourse occurred with a spouse or with another partner. This question is crucial to comparing prevention behaviors inside and outside the marriage.

Marginal effects of probit coefficients for the probability of using a condom are reported in table 6. The first notable result in column 1 shows that, after controlling for a large number of 15