_The Global Information and Communications Technology Industry: Where Vietnam Fits in GVCs_ work. That means three months where new employees are not generating revenue. BKAV trains its new software engineers for up to a year. Companies complain that poaching reduces their willingness to invest in new hires. As a means of offsetting the cost and risk of running these programs, the government should subsidize training of new hires for up to six months. Through this program, each registered ICT firm would have an annual quota of funded traineeships, giving firms a greater incentive to invest in workforce training. Finally, many emerging markets have successfully developed programs that send their top students overseas for tertiary studies, with the caveat that they return once they are finished. Brazil’s “Science Without Borders” granted 100,000 fellowships to undergraduates, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows for up to three years. The purpose of the program has been to send Brazilian students abroad to study STEM in leading institutions around the world. A similar program to send Vietnamese students overseas for one to three years could pay enormous dividends in terms of technical skills coming back to Vietnam. It would be important however, to ensure that students have opportunities to apply their new skills upon return, whether it be in corporate jobs, in academia or as entrepreneurs.

# _Managerial Skills_

Companies trying to upgrade from software outsourcing and BPO to developing their own products indicated that finding people with the sales, marketing and managerial skills necessary to grow these spin-offs is difficult in Vietnam. A potential solution could be to attract a global business school to set up executive education programs either in collaboration with a local university, or as a stand-alone unit. The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in Ho Chi Minh City has the closest thing to a global business program in Vietnam. The RMIT was invited to set up the first international university campus in Vietnam in 1998. Since its launch in 2001, it has grown to 6,000 students distributed between two campuses. The largest programs are the MBA the EMBA and other business programs, although engineering courses are now on offer as well. Universities are eager to meet the growing demand for higher education in emerging markets. It is clear that there is sufficient demand to merit more foreign investment in education. The government should engage with some of the best executive education providers in the world to gauge interest in setting up a facility in Vietnam (List of top 10 in Table 11).

**Table 11: Leading Executive Education Programs, 2013**

|**Rank**|**School **|**Ownership**|**Partnerships**|
|---|---|---|---|
|1|Duke Corporate Education|US|Duke University (US), London School of Economics (UK), Indian Institute of<br>Management (India)|
|2|HEC Paris|France|London School of Economics (UK), New York University (US), MEDEF<br>International(France), and others|
|3|Iese Business School|Spain|Indian School of Business (India), Lagos Business School (Nigeria), HEC<br>Paris (France) and others|
|4|Esade Business School|Spain|Fudan University (China), The Wharton School (US), Stanford University<br>(US), and others|
|5|Center for Creative Leadership|US|JMA Management Center (Japan), Mt. Eliza Executive Education (Australia),<br>and others|
|6|IMD|Switzerland|Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Irish Management Institute<br>(Ireland), Tsinghua University School of Economics & Management (China),<br>and others|
|7|Babson ExecutiveEducation|US|Tecnológico deMonterrey (Mexico),HECParis (France) and others|
|8|Cranfield School of Management|UK|University of Virginia (US), Melbourne Business School (Australia),<br>Universitat St.Gallen(Switzerland), and others|
|9|University of North Carolina: Kenan-<br>Flagler|US|None Listed|
|10|Stanford Graduate School of<br>Business|US|National University of Singapore (Singapore)|

_Source_ : Financial Times Executive Education Rankings, 2013 Much like in other areas of higher education, executive education is slowly moving online. Nevertheless, for now, most programs maintain an on-site delivery approach. According to the 32