Table 7: Multinomial probit estimation of moving for work, marginal effects

||Did no|t move for|college|Mo|ved for col|lege|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Stayed|Move<br>bigger<br>city|Move<br>smaller<br>city|Stayed|Move<br>bigger<br>city|Move<br>smaller<br>city|
||(1a)|(1b)|(1c)|(2a)|(2b)|(2c)|
|Standardized Saber 11|-0.0014<br>(0.0044)|0.0050<br>(0.0028)<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0037<br>(0.0021)<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.0442<br>(0.0078)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0080<br>(0.0064)|-0.0362<br>(0.0047)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Very high household income|0.0063<br>(0.0089)|0.0112<br>(0.0092)|-0.0175<br>(0.0049)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0721<br>(0.0130)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0104<br>(0.0134)|0.0825<br>(0.0136)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|High household income|0.0223<br>(0.0090)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0087<br>(0.0063)|-0.0135<br>(0.0049)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0442<br>(0.0197)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0001<br>(0.0158)|0.0443<br>(0.0092)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Moderate household income|0.0283<br>(0.0081)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0145<br>(0.0072)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0138<br>(0.0039)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0344<br>(0.0147)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0230<br>(0.0098)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.0575<br>(0.0097)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Low household income|0.0295<br>(0.0069)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0128<br>(0.0063)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0167<br>(0.0034)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0226<br>(0.0114)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0122<br>(0.0078)|0.0347<br>(0.0097)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Public high school|-0.0193<br>(0.0034)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0058<br>(0.0033)<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.0134<br>(0.0023)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0353<br>(0.0150)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0055<br>(0.0094)|-0.0298<br>(0.0101)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Public college|-0.0335<br>(0.0077)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0210<br>(0.0068)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0126<br>(0.0042)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.1869<br>(0.0388)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.1579<br>(0.0284)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0290<br>(0.0167)<sup>_∗_</sup>|
|Tier 1 (highest)|0.0029<br>(0.0171)|0.0010<br>(0.0132)|-0.0039<br>(0.0078)|0.1723<br>(0.0709)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0872<br>(0.0503)<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0851<br>(0.0388)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
|Tier 2|-0.0240<br>(0.0161)|0.0232<br>(0.0146)|0.0008<br>(0.0071)|0.1268<br>(0.0466)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0733<br>(0.0328)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0535<br>(0.0367)|
|Tier 3|0.0003<br>(0.0119)|0.0039<br>(0.0102)|-0.0042<br>(0.0063)|0.0863<br>(0.0569)|-0.0459<br>(0.0476)|-0.0404<br>(0.0277)|
|Tier 4|0.0021<br>(0.0157)|0.0060<br>(0.0117)|-0.0081<br>(0.0077)|0.0440<br>(0.0859)|0.0262<br>(0.0648)|-0.0702<br>(0.0412)<sup>_∗_</sup>|
|Arts major|0.1049<br>(0.0176)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0003<br>(0.0155)|-0.1053<br>(0.0169)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.1422<br>(0.0489)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0048<br>(0.0383)|-0.1374<br>(0.0400)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Education major|0.0691<br>(0.0254)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0257<br>(0.0092)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0434<br>(0.0263)<sup>_∗_</sup>|0.0561<br>(0.0565)|-0.0113<br>(0.0318)|-0.0448<br>(0.0551)|
|Social science major|0.0769<br>(0.0178)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0044<br>(0.0074)|-0.0725<br>(0.0155)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.1066<br>(0.0541)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0092<br>(0.0190)|-0.0974<br>(0.0472)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
|Economics & business major|0.1174<br>(0.0178)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0111<br>(0.0075)|-0.1063<br>(0.0165)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.1750<br>(0.0479)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0159<br>(0.0195)|-0.1590<br>(0.0412)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Engineering major|0.0504<br>(0.0210)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.0160<br>(0.0096)<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.0663<br>(0.0166)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0768<br>(0.0594)|0.0407<br>(0.0267)|-0.1175<br>(0.0425)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|
|Math & science major|0.0274<br>(0.0212)|0.0014<br>(0.0113)|-0.0288<br>(0.0176)|0.0752<br>(0.0558)|0.0215<br>(0.0278)|-0.0966<br>(0.0390)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|
|Medium city during high school|-0.2721<br>(0.0475)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.2506<br>(0.0507)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0215<br>(0.0117)<sup>_∗_</sup>|-0.1873<br>(0.0676)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.2420<br>(0.0965)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|-0.0547<br>(0.0360)|
|Small city during high school|-0.4079<br>(0.0464)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.3639<br>(0.0530)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|0.0440<br>(0.0116)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.1411<br>(0.0548)<sup>_∗∗_</sup>|0.1486<br>(0.0532)<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup>|-0.0075<br>(0.0138)|
|Observations||167,539|||37,689||

_Notes_ : All specifications include a constant and indicators for female, ethnicity, birth order, maternal education, age and year. Marginal effects are evaluated at the mean values of the independent variables and reported with robust standard errors in parenthesis, which are clustered by urban area of college.<sup>_∗∗∗_</sup> ,<sup>_∗∗_</sup> , and<sup>_∗_</sup> indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10 percent levels. In columns (1a)–(1c), the sample includes individuals who did not move for college and the dependent variable takes value zero if the individual stayed in the city, value one if she moves for work to a bigger city, and value two if she moves for work to a smaller city. In columns (2a)–(2c), the sample includes individuals who moved for college and the dependent variable behaves similarly as in (1a)–(1c). ‘Mother, less than high school’, ‘Very low household income,’ ‘Tier 5 (lowest quality),’ ‘Agriculture & veterinary major’ and ‘In a big city during high school’ are the excluded categories.

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