# **Table A4: Determinants of Superior Information in Hierarchies**

**Dependent Variable: Z-score of errors across policy domains Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Estimates in column (1); OLS estimates in column (2) Partial sum of squares and F-statistic p-values in parentheses in column (1); OLS coefficient and clustered standard error at the districtgovernment-sector level, in parentheses in column (2); F-statistics and associated p-values from the joint test across all categories for factor variables preceded by "F=" and "P=" respectively in column (2)**

||**(1) ANOVA**||**(2) Regression coefficients**|
|---|---|---|---|
|**Hierarchical structure**||||
|**District Government [Yes=1]**|8.71||-0.33|
||[0.00]||[0.14]|
|**Manager**|0.04<br>||0.012<br>|
||[0.83]||[0.072]|
|**Sector**|3.61||_F=0.6_|
||[0.41]||_P=0.67_|
|**Marginal costs**||||
|**Feature of Claim: Indicator**|27.09||_F=1.92_|
||[0.05]||_P=0.02_|
|**Feature of Claim: Percentile**|9.38<br>||_F=2.73_<br>|
||[0.01]||_P=0.07_|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Years in position**|0.00||-0.00049|
||[0.95]||[0.012]|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Years in organization**|0.19<br>||-0.0022<br>|
||[0.65]||[0.0047]|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Years in civil service**|0.00||0.00013|
||[0.98]||[0.0040]|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Undergraduate education [degree=1]**|0.52||-0.069|
||[0.45]||[0.12]|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Postgraduate education [masters=1]**|0.02||-0.0092|
||[0.89]||[0.078]|
|**Bureaucrat Characteristic: Gender [female=1]**|0.53||0.046|
||[0.44]||[0.065]|
|**Organization Characteristic: MIS exists**|0.04||0.011|
||[0.84]||[0.18]|
|**Organization Characteristic: Proportion of projects civil servant has adequate**<br>|11.74||0.01|
|**information on service delivery**||||
||[0.00]||[0.0052]|
|**Organization Characteristic: Proportion of projects information flows effectively**|484||-001|
|**within organizations**|.||.|
||[0.02]||[0.0057]|
|**Organization Characteristic: Proportion of projects information flows effectively**<br>|0.08||0.0011|
|**across organizations**||||
||[0.77]||[0.0055]|
|**Organization Characteristic: Span of control**|3.85||-0.01|
||[0.04]||[0.0053]|
|**Organization Characteristic: Number of principals**|3.44||0.075|
||[0.05]||[0.050]|
|<br>**Marginal benefits**||||
|**Management practices: Monitoring**|4.35||-0.15|
||[0.03]||[0.072]|
|**Management practices: Other**|3.33||0.16|
||[0.05]||[0.11]|
|**Alignment: Mission alignment index**|1.10||0.14|
||[0.27]||[0.18]|
|**Model**|188.47<br>|||
|**Residual**|[0.00]<br>1239.29|||
|**District fixed effects**||Yes||
|**Adjusted R-squared**|-||0.080|
|**Number of observations[clusters]**|1455||1455[92]|

**Notes:** Column (1) reports ANOVA partial sum of square estimates.  Column (2) reports OLS regression coefficients.  Standard errors clustered at the district-government-sector level.  Column (2) reports the standard error in brackets; for factor variables with mulitple categories, the F-statistic of joint test of all category indicators are reported after F= and the p-value is reported below after P=.  The unit of analysis in all columns is the claim.   The sample used for the analysis is the set of respondents that make claims about the same districts.  Sector fixed effects are indicators for whether the claim is within an agriculture table A3.  Management practice: Other is the organization average of the average across the z-scores of targeting, incentives, roles, flexibility, staffing, and staff involvement, detailed in table A3.  Alignment: Mission alignment index is the z-score of the row mean of the organization-average response to "To what extent do you believe that your organization's mission is aligned to your own mission?" and the organization proportion of employees selecting "I am contributing to fulfilling that mission on an everyday basis" to "How consistent with your mission are the various tasks and activities assigned to you on a day-to-day basis?".  Figures are rounded to two decimal places or two significant figures.