# **Table A5: Decentralization and Information Robustness**

**Dependent Variable:  Z-score of errors across policy domains in columns (1) to (5) and column (8); Rank of errors, in terms of the proportion within distribution, across policy domains in column (6); Skewness adjusted z-scores of errors across policy domains in column (7)**

## **OLS Estimates**

**Standard Errors: Clustered at the district government-sector level in column (1) and columns (6) to (8); Clustered at the claimed district government level in column (2); Clustered at the respondent level in column (3); Clustered at the organization-of-respondent level in column (4); Clustered at the region-sector level in column (5).**

||**(1) Disaggregating**<br>**central dummy**|**(2) Clustering at**<br>**claimed district**<br>**government level**|**(3) Clustering at**<br>**respondent level**|**(4) Clustering at the**<br>**organization-of-**<br>**respondent level**|<br>**(5) Clustering at**<br>**region-sector level**|**(6) Rank of Error**<br>**(proportion)**|**(7) Skewness**<br>**adjusted z-score**|**(8) Management**<br>**controls**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**District Government [Yes=1]**|-0.31|-0.33|-0.33|-0.33|-0.33|-0.10|-0.39|-0.28|
||[0.098]|[0.096]|[0.064]|[0.081]|[0.094]|[0.027]|[0.098]|[0.16]|
|**Federal Government [Yes=1]**|0.042<br>[0.091]||||||||
|**Manager**|0.039|0.034|0.034|0.034|0.034|-0.00034|0.029|0.060|
||[0.067]|[0.070]|[0.065]|[0.068]|[0.073]|[0.018]|[0.059]|[0.11]|
|**Sector fixed effects**|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|**District government fixed effects**|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|No|
|**Indicator fixed effects**|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|**Percentile fixed effects**|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|**Individual controls**|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|**Region fixed effects**|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|Yes|
|**Marginal costs and noise controls**|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|Yes|
|**Adjusted R-squared**|0.068|0.069|0.069|0.069|0.069|0.11|0.11|0.057|
|**Observations [clusters]**|1455 [92]|1455 [42]|1455 [687]|1455 [122]|1455 [38]|1455 [92]|1455 [92]|1455 [92]|
|**Federal respondents [percentage]**|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|195 [28%]|
|**Regional respondents [percentage]**|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|234 [34%]|
|**Districtgovernment respondents[percentage]**|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|260[38%]|

- e distribution of errors within an indicator in column (6); the skewness-adj **Notes:** Clustered standard errors are in parentheses.  Standard errors cl **uste** d z-score is the dependent variable in column (7) - the skewness adjusted z-score is the z-scor of the absolute error if the variable is a proportion variable (betwee 0 and 1),red at the district government-sector interacted level in column (1) and columns (6) to (8); clust **e** red at the claimed district level in column (2); clustered at the respo **n** dent level **i** n column (3); clusteredf the variable is not a p mission on an everyday basis" to "How consistent with your mission are the various tasks and activities assigned to you on a day-to-day basis?").    Noise controls include the time of day of the survey, day-of-survey fixed effects, enumerator fixed effects, an indicator for the enumerator's subjective assessment of the quality of the interview; an indicator for the duration of the interview (decile of duration fixed effects); controls for the average tenure of the managers in the organization and the proportion of female managers in the organization. Figures are rounded to two significant figures.