**<u>Table 1: Descriptive statistics for household outcomes</u>**

||**Bef**|**ore**|**Af**|**ter**|**B**|**efore Tre**|**nd**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Outside**|**Inside**|**Outside**|**Inside**|**Outside **|**Inside**|**Sig.**|
|**Household characteristics**||||||||
|Household size adult equivalent|3.20|3.05|2.98|2.84|-0.008|0.026||
|Highest education (level 3 = jun. high)|3.26|3.34|3.21|3.26|0.009|0.004||
|<br>Female head|0.08|0.07|0.08|0.08|-0.002|0.007||
|Head’s age|48.06|45.88|54.13|53.13|1.124|1.119||
|**Income and expenditure**||||||||
|<br>Consumption per capita|2,668|3,150|4,997|6,078|-0.025|-0.052||
|<br>Total assets per capita|<br>11,564|<br>16,063|<br>29,752|<br>40,025|0.070|0.031||
|Net income per capita|3,770|4,928|8,069|8,549|-0.008|-0.029||
|Share of income from crop agric.|0.35|0.32|0.28|0.24|-0.005|-0.023||
|<br>Share of income from other agric.|0.34|0.30|0.24|0.16|-0.054|-0.060||
|<br>Share of inc. from local wages|0.07|0.08|0.09|0.17|0.008|0.019||
|Share of inc. from loc nfrm selfemp.|0.05|0.08|0.05|0.07|0.001|0.014||
|<br>Share of inc. from migration|0.16|0.20|0.25|0.23|0.048|0.042||
|Share of inc. from other|0.03|0.03|0.10|0.13|0.002|0.009||
|Renting in any land|0.08|0.00|0.04|0.04|-0.022|-0.007||
|**Time use**||||||||
|Share of household time in farming|0.50|0.43|0.40|0.30|-0.018|-0.027||
|<br>Share of household time in local off-farm|0.10|0.14|0.11|0.21|0.003|0.017||
|Share of household time in migration|0.23|0.18|0.25|0.16|0.026|0.028||
|_Males 16-40 years old_||||||||
|<br>Months for farming per member|3.13|3.08|1.06|1.71|-0.290|-0.334||
|<br>Months for local off-farm per member|1.16|1.83|1.31|2.42|-0.092|0.384|*|
|Months for migration per member|5.52|4.30|7.16|3.84|0.431|0.210||
|_Males 41-60 years old_||||||||
|<br>Months forfarming per member|7.53|5.57|4.83|2.50|-0.304|-0.504||
|<br>Months for local off-farm per member|1.33|2.15|2.44|4.22|0.197|0.006||
|Months for migration per member|1.04|1.55|2.14|2.37|0.267|0.482||
|_Females 16-40 years old_||||||||
|<br>Months forfarming per member|4.92|4.63|2.70|3.46|-0.282|-0.586||
|Months for local off-farm per member|085|169|080|127|-0057|-0080||
|<br>Months for migration per member|.<br>3.73|.<br>2.48|.<br>5.69|.<br>2.13|.<br>0.330|.<br>0.659||
|<br>_Females 41-55 years old_||||||||
|<br>Months forfarming per member|8.03|7.35|6.72|4.73|-0.040|-0.301||
|<br>Months for local off-farm per member|1.11|1.02|0.82|1.73|0.006|0.093||
|Months for migration per member|0.48|0.26|1.28|0.84|0.174|0.208||
|**Agricultural production**||||||||
|<br>Cultivated area (mu)|4.79|3.45|5.18|3.99|0.201|0.111||
|Value of output (yuan/mu)|1,254|1,880|1,471|1,578|-0.021|-0.111|*|
|<br>Area share of wheat|<br>0.45|<br>0.39|<br>0.40|<br>0.32|-0.001|0.025|***|
|Area share of rice<br>|0.10<br>|0.07<br>|0.05<br>|0.03<br>|0.015<br>|0.020<br>||
|Area share of corn|0.14|0.21|0.14|0.16|0.011|0.001|*|
|Area share of other grain|0.10|0.06|0.12|0.06|-0.010|0.011|***|
|<br>Area share of vegetable|0.10|0.14|0.13|0.21|-0.024|-0.031||
|<br>Area share of oil crops|0.12|0.13|0.16|0.21|0.010|-0.027|***|
|<br>Agricultural assets (yuan/mu)|174.07|168.29|191.48|134.63|0.353|-0.183|***|
|<br>Expenses on labor seed pesticide (yuan/mu)|<br>283.10|<br>456.04|<br>368.23|<br>392.65|<br>-0.161|<br>-0.377|***|
|, ,<br>Net revenue (yuan/mu)|957|1,406|1,091|1,168|0.142|0.079||
|**Other interventions**||||||||
|<br>Agricultural subsidy (yuan/mu)|13.08|21.01|85.48|68.00|-0.162|0.110|**|
|<br>Contribution to rural pension (yuan)|0.00|0.00|361.16|620.85|0.000|0.000||
|<br>Rural pension income (yuan)|0.00|0.00|443.10|605.81|0.000|0.000||
|Expense on cooperative medical scheme (yuan)|7.83|45.79|130.06|254.19|0.151|0.854|***|
|Medical expense paid by CMS (yuan)|2.80|5.16|79.43|85.53|0.036|-0.006||
|<br>Observations|906|570|764|518|453|285||

_Note_ : Monetary values are deflated to 2005 by CPI for rural Sichuan. Educational levels are coded as 1=illiterate; 2=primary school; 3=junior high school; 4=high school or vocational school; 5=college and above. As explained in the text, the ‘Sig’ column denotes the significance in prereform trends between households inside and outside the prefecture boundary. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.

17