**_Table 2: Gender Disaggregated Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on Business Outcomes in 2020_**

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)<br>Time Spent|(5)<br>Conditiona|(6)<br>l on Business Bein<br>100%|(7)<br>gin Operation<br>Sl|(8)<br>L Sl %|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||on Paid|Likelihood|<br>|aes<br>|ower aes<br>|
||Business|closed (1=Y|es; 0=No)|Work<br>Activities<br>(Hours per<br>day)|reduced<br>workers<br>(1=Yes; 0=No)|employees laid<br>off in last 30<br>days<br>(1=Yes; 0=No)|reported to be<br>lower than<br>last year<br>(1=Yes; 0=No)|lower<br>compared to<br>previous year<br>(%)|
|Female Respondent|0.022***|0.018***|0.018***|-0.409***|0.023**|0.031*|0.028***|0.062|
||[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.10]|[0.01]|[0.02]|[0.01]|[0.07]|
|School closure due to COVID-19|0.038***|0.019***|0.005|0.276***|0.033***|-0.007|0.013|0.059|
||[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.01]|[0.10]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.06]|
|School closure due to COVID-19*Female|0.014*<br>|0.017**<br>|0.018**<br>|-0.275**<br>|-0.026*<br>|-0.006<br>|-0.025**<br>|-0.031<br>|
||[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.13]|[0.01]|[0.02]|[0.01]|[0.08]|
|Academic Break|0.021***|0.021***|0.003|0.602***|0.040***|-0.015|0.017*|-0.111|
||[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.12]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.07]|
|Academic Break*Female|0.002|0.003|0.004|-0.468***|-0.014|-0.012|-0.011|0.114|
||[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.13]|[0.02]|[0.02]|[0.01]|[0.09]|
|Change in movement related to workplaces||-0.000**|-0.001***|0.024***|-0.001*|-0.001***|0.001***|-0.002|
|||[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|
|Change in movement related to retail/recreation||<br>-0.003***|<br>-0.003***|<br>-0.006**|<br>-0.001***|<br>0.001*|<br>-0.001***|<br>-0.008***|
|||[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|
|GDP per capita (Ln)|||-0.018***|0.293***|-0.044***|-0.009**|-0.030***|-0.019|
||||[0.00]|[0.04]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.00]|[0.02]|
|Constant|0.091***|-0.006|0.182***|6.240***|0.725***|0.120***|0.889***|4.835***|
||[0.01]|[0.01]|[0.03]|[0.45]|[0.05]|[0.04]|[0.04]|[0.27]|
|Observations|131265|131265|131265|47701|64299|18156|82020|54227|
|Adjusted R-squared|0.05|0.07|0.07|0.06|0.06|0.04|0.03|0.02|
|SC+SC*FEMALE(Coeff)|0.05|0.04|0.02|0.00|0.01|-0.01|-0.01|0.03|
|SC+SC*FEMALE(SE)|0.01|0.01|0.01|0.11|0.01|0.02|0.01|0.07|
|SC+SC*FEMALE (P value)|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.99|0.61|0.47|0.22|0.70|
|Mean Male|0.17|0.17|0.17|7.83|0.44|0.08|0.68|4.68|
|Region FE|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|
|Firm Controls: Sector + Size, Age and Role|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|
|<br>Mobility Controls: Movement Retail/workplaces|NO|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|
|Gross Domestic Product(GDP)Per Capita Control|NO|NO|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|YES|
|Notes:* significant at 10% level, ** significant at 5% level, *<br>[1] Female is a dummy variable where 1 = female-led busin<br>[2] OLS pooled regressions include Region of the world Fix<br>Columns (4) to (8) contain the full set of controls are desc|** significant at<br>ess and 0 if ma<br>ed Effects and<br>ribed at the bott|1% level.<br>le-led business<br>Time Fixed Effe<br>om of Table 2.|. School Closure<br>cts. Controls for<br>|due to COVID-19 is<br>mobility and GDP s|a dummy variable w<br>equentially added fo|here 1 = schools clos<br>r_Business Closed_ou|ed in country at tim<br>tcome from Column|e of survey wave.<br>s (1) to (3).|

[3] _Time Spent on Paid Work_ (column (4)) has a smaller sample size since data for outcome was only collected from July 2020 onwards i.e. waves 3-6 only.

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