In the regression specification for health service delivery and OGD, slightly differentiated relationships between variables emerge. First, when disaggregating between provision and outcomes, OGD is positively and significantly correlated with health outcomes but not provision. Second, when controlling for accountability, the relationship between OGD and health provision remains insignificant and the relationship between OGD and health outcomes remains significant. This would imply that in terms of health outcomes, levels of accountability and OGD can independently have an important effect, whereas accountability—and not OGD—is an important factor for provision. Finally, the interaction effects of accountability are tested with respect to OGD and health, and no significant effect is found (not shown).

||**(1)**<br>**Health Provision**|**(2)**<br>**Health Outcomes**<br>|**(3)**<br>**Health Provision**|**(4)**<br>**Health Outcomes**<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|**OGD Health**|0.127|0.109<sup>**</sup>|0.0627|0.0859<sup>*</sup>|
||(0.0861)|(0.0448)|(0.0667)|(0.0451)|
|**Accountability**|||0.389<sup>**</sup><br>(0.149)|0.143<sup>**</sup><br>(0.0699)|
|**Log GDP**|4.130<sup>***</sup>|5.068<sup>***</sup>|-0.0216|3.539<sup>***</sup>|
||(1.540)|(0.993)|(2.328)|(1.326)|
|**_cons**|39.61<sup>***</sup>|36.70<sup>***</sup>|54.97<sup>***</sup>|42.36<sup>***</sup>|
||(11.77)|(8.046)|(13.29)|(8.910)|
|**_N_**|86|86|86|86|
|**_R_**<sup>**2**</sup>|0.105|0.274|0.239|0.309|

- **_Premise 4: Higher levels of OGD directly enable improved service delivery, excluding the effects of accountability._**

To test the final premise, service provision and outcomes are regressed against OGD, omitting the role of accountability as suggested above with respect to the sectoral differentiation, but testing alternative control variables such as the Public Management condition and the Client Power condition. First, in the education sector, OGD is estimated to have a stronger correlation with education provision than outcomes, which may reflect the time needed for policy to translate into results; however, it is worth highlighting that both relationships are significant. Second, no evidence supports the claim that either Public Management or Client Power has relevance with education provision or outcomes. Finally, even controlling for these conditions, the relationship between OGD and service delivery in the education sector does not change in a meaningful way with respect to the coefficients.

||**(1)**<br>**Education**<br>**Provision**|**(2)**<br>**Education**<br>**Outcomes**|**(3)**<br>**Education**<br>**Provision**|**(4)**<br>**Education**<br>**Outcomes**|**(5)**<br>**Education**<br>**Provision**|**(6)**<br>**Education**<br>**Outcomes**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**ODG Education**|0.201***|0.171***|0.217***|0.181***|0.213***|0.183***|
||(0.0645)|(0.0426)|(0.0661)|(0.0436)|(0.0671)|(0.0442)|
|**Client Power**|||-0.130**<br>(0.0476)|-0.083<br>(0.0679)|||
|**Public Mgmt.**|||||-0.136<br>(0.169)|-0.148<br>(0.134)|
|**Log GDP**|9.141***|15.20***|10.37***|15.99***|9.973***|16.10***|
||(1.198)|(0.874)|(1.383)|(1.063)|(1.586)|(1.232)|
|**_cons**|-21.62**|-78.07***|-24.66***|-80.03***|-21.34**|-77.76***|
||(9.568)|(7.391)|(10.003)|(7.491)|(9.396)|(7.632)|
|**_N_**|86|86|86|86|86|86|
|**_R_**<sup>**2**</sup>|0.487|0.759|0.505|0.764|0.493|0.764|

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