48

# **Table A 3.2: Dependent variable: participation of other members**

|||1976|||1981||Year|1985|||1996||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Coefficient|Standard|<br>P-value|Coefficient|<br>Standard|<br>P-value|Coefficient|Standard|P-value|Coefficient|<br>Standard|<br>P-value|
|_Occupied as employee versusunoccupied_|||||||||||||
|Education|0,207|0,006|0,000|0,122|0,006|0,000|0,117|0,006|0,000|0,073|0,006|0,000|
|Education2|-0,006|0,000|0,000|0,003|0,000|0,000|0,002|0,000|0,000|0,003|0,000|0,000|
|Age|_0,333_|0,004|0,000|0,314|0,003|0,000|0,315|0,003|0,000|0,303|0,003|0,000|
|Age2|-0,005|0,000|0,000|-0,005|0,000|0,000|_-0,005_|0,000|0,000|-0,004|0,000|0,000|
|Gender|-1,399|0,018|0,000|-1,143|0,015|0,000|-1,152|0,014|0,000|-0,860|0,017|0,000|
|Number of members from 0 to 14*|-0,105|0,005|0,000|-0,091|0,004|0,000|-0,101|0,004|0,000|-0,123|0,006|0,000|
|Number of members from 14 to 65*|0,229|0,005|0,000|0,205|0,004|0,000|0,220|0,004|0,000|0,158|0,006|0,000|
|Numberofnmesnbers olderthan_65*_|0,195|0,021|0,000|0,090|0,018|0,000|0,119|0,018|0,000|-0,068|_0,020_|0,001|
|Presence ofother members from 14 to 65 (dummy)|-1,111|0,132|0,000|0,072|0,106|0,497|0,276|0,099|0,006|0,294|0,111|0,008|
|Mean education*|-0,313|0,007|0,000|-0,315|0,007|0,000|-0,328|0,006|0,000|-0,163|0,007|0,000|
|Mean education2*|0,006|0,000|0,000|0,005|0,000|0,000|0,006|0,000|0,000|-0,003|0,000|0,000|
|Mean age'|0,043|0,006|0,000|0,003|0,005|0,522|0,001|0,004|0,865|-0,011|0,005|0,029|
|Mean age2*|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,316|0,000|0,000|0,251|0,000|0,000|0,247|
|Womenproportion*|0,109|0,005|0,000|0,095|0,003|0,000|-<br>0,092|0,003|0,000|0,091|0,003|0,000|
|Self-employed head (dummy)|-0,584|0,020|0,000|-0,420|0,016|0,000|-0,351|0,015|0,000|-0,280|0,017|0,000|
|Labor income of the head (if employee)|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|
|Constant|-4,867|0,088|0,000|-5,055|0,070|0,000|-5,034|0,065|0,000|-5,191|0,073|0,000|
|_Occupied as self-employed versusunoccupied_|||||||||||||
|Education|0,196|0,013|0,000|0,052|0,010|0,000|0,010|0,009|0,267|0,085|0,011|0,000|
|Education2|-0,011|0,001|0,000|-0,002|0,001|0,001|0,001|0,001|0,136|-0,002|0,001|0,000|
|Age|0,369|0,007|0,000|0,356|_0,005_|0,000|0,362|0,004|0,000|0,347|0,005|0,000|
|Age2|-0,005|0,000|0,000|-0,004|0,000|0,000|-0,004|0,000|0,000|-0,004|0,000|0,000|
|Gender|-1,815|0,042|0,000|-1,428|0,030|0,000|-1,463|0,027|0,000|-1,343|0,030|0,000|
|NumberofmenmbersfromO to 14*|-0,043|0,009|0,000|-0,010|0,007|0,151|0,002|0,007|0,785|-0,028|0,011|0,010|
|Number ofmembers from 14 to 65*|0,053|0,012|0,000|0,029|0,008|0,001|0,037|0,008|0,000|0,021|0,011|0,064|
|Number ofmembers older than_65*_|0,224|0,039|0,000|0,025|0,031|0,422|_0,083_|0,028|0,003|-0,034|0,031|0,287|
|Presence ofother members from 14to65 (dummy)|0,199|0,230|0,387|0,943|0,165|0,000|0,769|0,150|0,000|0,898|0,173|0,000|
|Mean education|-0,262|0,017|0,000|-0,203|0,012|0,000|-0,215|0,011|0,000|-0,114|0,013|0,000|
|Mean education2*|0,008|0,001|0,000|0,004|0,001|0,000|0,005|0,001|0,000|0,001|0,001|0,312|
|Mean age*|0,007|0,011|0.522|-0,021|0,008|0,006|-0,010|0,007|0,144|-0,036|0,008|0,000|
|Mean age2*|0,000|0,000|0,484|0,000|0,000|0,046|0,000|0,000|0,926|0,000|0,000|0,000|
|Women proportion*|0,055|0,011|0,000|0,058|0,007|0,000|0,061|0,006|0,000|0,061|0,006|0,000|
|Self-employed head (dummy)|0,187|0,036|0,000|0,141|0,026|0,000|0,160|0,023|0,000|0,512|0,026|0,000|
|Labor income of the head (if employee)|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0.000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|0,000|
|Constant|-7,942|0,150|0,000|-7,682|0,113|0,000|-7,389|0,099|0,000|-7,905|0,120|0,000|

Source: Based on "Pcsquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios" (PNAD) ofthe 1976 and 1996.

Note: * excluding the head.