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# 6. Annex

## **a. Impact of the current level of power supply quality on firm productivity**

|**Country**|**Type**<br>**of**<br>**firms**|**Power**<br>**quality **|**supply**<br>**variable**|**Method**|**Effect**<br>**of**<br>**low**<br>**electricity**<br>**supply quality on firms**|**Source**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Ghana|Small<br>and<br>medium‐<br>sized<br>manufacturi<br>ngfirms|Number<br>with<br>outage|of days<br>power<br>|Regression|Major power outages in<br>Ghana between 2012 and<br>2015<br>decreased<br>firms’<br>average monthly productivity<br>by10percent|(Abeberese, Ackah<br>and<br>Asuming,<br>2017)|
|Ethiopia|Manufacturi<br>ng firms|Are<br>disrupti<br>major<br>to firm(|power<br>ons<br>obstacle<br>binary)|Quantile<br>regressions|Power disruptions result in<br>total factor productivity<br>losses of about 4–9 percent<br>on average|(Gurara<br>and<br>Tessema, 2018)|
|India|Manufacturi<br>ng firms|Percent<br>electrici<br>demand<br>state/ye<br>is unme|<br>of<br>ty<br> <br>in<br>ar that<br>t|IV<br>regression,<br>simulations|Electricity deficits decrease<br>total<br>factor<br>productivity<br>losses by 1.5‐2.2 percent on<br>average (2.6 for firms w/o<br>generator)|(Allcott,<br>Collard‐<br>Wexler<br>and<br>O’Connell, 2016)|

- **b. Impact of the current level of power supply quality on firm revenue, output, or costs**

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