the eight FIES questions. The dependent variable in columns 3-4 stands for binary indicator assuming a value 1 for those households experiencing one or more types of food insecurity and 0 otherwise. The outcome variable in the last two columns stands for raw sum of the responses to the eight FIES questions. The measure of battle exposure is cumulative number of battles withing 20 km and 30 km of place of residence by the survey time. All estimations use sampling weights to capture systematic non-response and attrition in phone surveys. Standard errors, clustered at district (woreda) level, are given in parentheses.<sup>*</sup> _p_ < 0.10,<sup>**</sup> _p_ < 0.05,<sup>***</sup> _p_ < 0.01.

Table 10 reports results for impacts of battle exposure on the eight FIES outcomes. For each outcome variable, experiences of battles within 20 and 30 km radius are associated with increased food insecurity as shown in Panel A and B, respectively. The share of households who report being worried about getting enough food, unable to eat healthy foods or ate few food varieties increased by approximately 1 percentage points with an additional battle event within 20 km of the residence of the household. The impact on the share of households who skip a meal or eat less food is similar – one more battle event is associated with about 1 percentage points increase in these coping strategies. Like the previous coarse measure of exposure to conflict in Tables 3 and 7, we do not find statistically significant effects for the more extreme outcomes – “ran out of food”, “hungry but did not eat”, and “did not eat at all”.

**<u>Table 10: Number of battles and food security</u>**

||(1)<br>Worried<br>not enough<br>food|(2)<br>Unable to<br>eat healthy<br>foods|(3)<br>Ate few<br>kinds of<br>food|(4)<br>Skipped<br>meal|(5)<br>Ate less<br>food|(6)<br>Ran out<br>of food|(7)<br>Hungry<br>but did<br>not eat|(8)<br>Didn’t eat<br>all day|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||Panel A: Usi<br>|ng battles<br>|within 20 k<br>|m<br>||||
|Battles within 20 km|0.006<sup>***</sup><br>(0.001)|0.009<sup>***</sup><br>(0.002)|0.009<sup>***</sup><br>(0.001)|0.010<sup>***</sup><br>(0.002)|0.010<sup>***</sup><br>(0.003)|-0.001<br>(0.001)|0.000<br>(0.001)|-0.002<br>(0.001)|
|Household fixed effects|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|R-squared|0.020|0.009|0.008|0.030|0.038|0.007|0.038|0.021|
|||Panel B: Usi<br>|ng battles w<br>|ithin 30 k<br>|m<br>||||
|Battles within 30km|0.005<sup>***</sup>|0.007<sup>***</sup>|0.007<sup>***</sup>|0.007<sup>***</sup>|0.007<sup>***</sup>|-0.001|0.001|-0.001|
||(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.002)|(0.002)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|
|Household fixed effects|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|R-squared|0.021|0.010|0.009|0.030|0.039|0.007|0.038|0.021|
|Mean dep. var (pre-war)|0.387|0.429|0.427|0.221|0.287|0.183|0.098|0.062|
|No. observations|14375|14375|14375|14375|14375|17018|17018|17018|

Notes: the outcome variables in this table are raw responses to standard FIES questions on whether the respondent or household member (1) was _worried_ about having enough food to eat, (2) ate only a _few kinds_ of foods, (3) unable to eat _healthy_ and nutritious foods, (4) _ate less_ than should have eaten, (5) had _skipped_ a meal, (6) _run out_ of food, (7) was _hungry_ but did not eat, (8) went without eating for a _whole day_ . Exposure to conflict is measured by counting the number of battles withing 20 km and 30 km of place of residence by the survey time. All estimations use sampling 35