|**Table 3b:The Determinants of Adult Tim**|**e Use (Self-e**|**mployme**<br>Self-em|**nt**<br>**and wage w**<br>loyment|**ork) inUa**|**nPeru,**<br>**1**<br>IWage|**994 and 19**<br>|**97**<br>work||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Partici|pation|Individu|al Share|<br>Partici|<br>pationb|Individu|al Share**d**|
||<br>Female|<br>Male|Female|Male|<br>Female|<br>Male|Female|<sup>T </sup>Male|
|_________________________________|7_<br>_|(8|(9|(1 0)|(I11)|(12)|1(13)|( 4|
|Child Sick~~~~~~~~~~|-0.260|-0.273|-0.024|-0.057|-0.252|-0.401"|0.028|0.034|
||_(-1.15)_|(12)|(.52)|(1.40)|-iL03)|J.96)<br>|_IJ0.55jf)_|_2_|
|Adult Sick|0.451|-0.190|0. 156'|0.132*|0.341-|-0699"|-0.106|0.032|
|__________________________________|(1.12)|_(-09.50)_|(.1|(.85)|0.7|(1.6<br>|j(1OL0.4||
|Female /Male unemployment~|--||--||--||-|1|
|=1 if individual is household head|0.401|0.941"|0.070|0.032|0.023|-0.210|0.149**|1-0.2|
|___________<br>____|_(1.18___|___77)_|_(I_<br>___|_Q (0.48~)_|_(0.07)_|_(0.2_|_(2.59)j_|~|
|=1 if household is female headed|0.340|0.349|<br>0.015|-0.028|0.566'|0.118|10.016|001|
||_(1.25)_|_(1.10o)_|_(0. 25)_|_(0O.41)_|_(2.33)_|_(04)_|_~0._<br>_43)L _|__0J45)_|
|Age__________<br>______|0.183"|_0.151"_|-0.001|0.005|0.210"|0.146"|-0.012|0.000|
||_(6.0_|_) (5.05)_|_(-0.12)_|_(0.86)_<br>_.(_|_.61)_|_(496)_|_(- .54j_|_06_|
|iSquare**of**age (x 1O¶3|-2.190'*|-1.629"|0.016|-0.051|-0.003"|-1.895"|1.073|jO<br>000|
|__________________-________~_f|_-6.74)_|_(-5.47,)_|_(0.25)_|_(-0.85_|_(55)_|_(-5.94)_|_(1g.08)_|_.1017_|
|I1<br>if household is of native origin|0.626**|<br>0.172|0.059|0.019|0.098|-0.435'|-0.004|-0.076*|
|IEducation(years)|-0.093**|<br>-0.047'*|-0.003|-0.012"|0.110*0|<br>0.101*w|<br>-0.008|-0.003|
|_______________<br>______________|_(4.20,)_|_(-2.2_|_(0.62)_|_(2.97)_|_4 43L _|<br>_(4.87,)_|_(1.56)_|_JJ.03)_|
|of childre under 4 years|0.003|0.206'|0.002|0.0 19|-.<br>10|-0.009|-0.034<br>4|00|
|______________<br>______|_(0-03_|**_(7.94.)_**|_1(0.08)_|__LO.23)_|_(-0.08)_|_(-O. 10)4(_|_33)_|_1O861_|
|#of adolescent femnales between 5 & 14|-0.099|0.065|0.036'|0.028|--- 0.110|-046|07|_001_|
|#of adult females between**15 &**60|-0.064|-0.026|0.020|0.018|0.126|___<br>-0.022|_____<br>I0.014|10.014|
||_(0.82,)_|_(0.2a__|_(1.20)_|_(1.13)_|_(1.58)__|_t{0.29)_<br>|___<sup>_t _</sup>_JO8k~__|_.33~)_|
|of elderly females, over 60|<br>-0.010|<br>-0.317|<br>0.081*|<br>-0.014|<br>0__469_|<br> <br>**-0.188**|0.00|-0.022|
|=1 if householder<br>is fuelwood/coal|_(00._|_15)_|_(.2)_|_(.5)1_|_22,_|_-._<br>_0_|||
|IDuration<br>of public water supply (min/4a)|--||-|-<br>-|----||--||
|=1 if water source is outside the household.|---|||--||-|||
|_n_<br>______________1466||_1400_|_424_|_525_|_1466_<br>_-1_|_400_<br>_~_|_262_~|<br>_502_|
|_IWaldstatistic (y with 24df._|_103.02_|_87.68_|_36.39_|_42Z68_|_86.15_|_100.60_|_1126.40_|_34.30_|
|______________________|_0.62_|_0.65_|_0.57_|_0.40_|_0.56_|_0.58_|_0.35_|_0.45_|
|_R(Within)_____|||_0.05_|_0.06_|_______||_0105_|_10.00_|
|______(between)_______0.10_||||_0.09_|_<br>______||_0.411_|_0.11_|
|_R _<sup>_2 _</sup>_(overall)__<br>|_<br>_<br>__<br>|_<br>_<br>_<br>_<br>|_0.09_<br>|_0.08_<br>|__<br>_<br>_<br>_[<br>|_<br>_<br>_<br>_<br>|_.7_<br>|j<br>_0.07_<br>|

Only the estimation results with respect to selected variables are presented here. The larger regression also included year dummy, cluster wages and proportion of cluster employment in formal sector. Standard errors are given in below coefficient estimates.

b The decision to participate in the activity. Estimated using a random-effects probit.

**d** Individual's time in the activity as a % of the individual's total work time. Random-effects regression. Limit values were excluded. _CIncludes_ time allocated to housework, self-employment and work for wages. In log of hours per week. Both child and adult sickness are considered endogenous. See the appendix for details.

_3 5_