**Table 4: Marginal effect of school distance variables in four separate probit models (by gender and household wealth), rural** **<u>children aged 6 to 14</u>**

||Distanc|e to nearestpr|Avera<br>imaryschool|ge marginal e<br>(km)|ffects of distan<br>Distanc|ce<br>e to nearest se|condaryscho|ol(km)|Num|ber of o|bservatio|ns|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Fem|ale|M|ale|Fem|ale|M|ale|Fem|ale|Mal|e|
||||||||||<br>Poorest<br>|<br>Richest<br>|<br>Poorest<br>R|<br>ichest|
||Poorest 50<br>percent|Richest 50<br>percent|Poorest 50<br>percent|Richest 50<br>percent|Poorest 50<br>percent|Richest 50<br>percent|Poorest 50<br>percent|Richest 50<br>percent|50<br>percent<br>|50<br>percent|50<br>percent<br>p|50<br>ercent|
|Niger 1992|-0.006 **|-0.014 **|-0.009|-0.019 **|0.000|-0.001|0.000|0.000|1427|877|1385|915|
|Niger 1998|-0.025 **|-0.030 *|-0.025 *|-0.062 **|-0.001|-0.003 **|0.000|-0.002 **|1940|1241|2019|1382|
|Mali 1995-96|-0.013 **|-0.025 **|-0.012 **|-0.028 **|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.001|2908|1547|2825|1576|
|Senegal 1992-93|0.003|0.005 *|0.004 *|0.007 *|0.001|-0.003 **|0.000|-0.004 *|1361|558|1523|560|
|Burkina Faso 1992-|||||||||||||
|93|-0.029 **|-0.027 **|-0.030 **|-0.020 **|0.000|0.000|-0.001|0.002|1660|1194|1701|1204|
|Chad 1998|-0.015 **|-0.020 **|-0.018 **|-0.022 **|-0.002|-0.003 *|-0.002|-0.003 **|1767|1038|1707|1085|
|Benin 1996|-0.020|-0.083 **|-0.018 **|-0.027|-0.001|-0.002|-0.004 *|-0.009 **|1607|874|1759|964|
|Morocco 1992|-0.007|0.066 **|0.002|-0.031|0.000|0.005|-0.001|0.007|1730|346|1803|360|
|Cộte d’Ivoire 1994|0.001|-0.031 *|0.002|-0.005|-0.001|0.000|-0.001|-0.001|1750|679|1823|762|
|Tanzania 1991-92|-0.009|-0.014|-0.011|-0.004|0.001|-0.001|0.000|-0.001|2847|2126|2878|2048|
|C.A.R. 1994-95|-0.012 **|-0.008 **|-0.014 **|-0.009 **|0.002|0.001|0.001|-0.001|1240|623|1362|698|
|Madagascar 1992|-0.034 *|-0.040 **|-0.023 *|-0.023 *|-0.001|-0.001|0.001|0.002|1590|1143|1644|1192|
|Dominican Rep. 1991|-0.019|0.056 *|-0.042 *|-0.018|-0.002|0.013 *|0.000|0.010|1372|209|1540|220|
|Nigeria 1999|0.001|-0.010|-0.005|0.010|-0.004|-0.004|-0.003|-0.004|1764|1067|1925|1241|
|Cameroon 1991|-0.009|0.002|-0.012|0.001|-0.006 **|-0.007 **|-0.005 *|-0.005|848|400|843|368|
|India 1992-93|0.003|0.001|-0.005|-0.001|-0.001|0.000|0.000|-0.001 *|20766|14247|22713|15297|
|Haiti 1994-95|-0.021 **|0.012|-0.018 **|0.006|-0.001|0.001 **|-0.001|0.000|1242|457|1341|467|
|Uganda 1995|-0.011|-0.019 **|-0.007|-0.003|-0.003|-0.001|-0.008 **|-0.001|1741|1617|1770|1668|
|Bangladesh 1993-94|-0.017|0.000|-0.027|-0.022|-0.014 *|-0.011|-0.015 **|-0.011|2798|2147|2911|2138|
|Bangladesh 1996-97|-0.035|0.001|-0.028|-0.038 *|-0.010|0.006|-0.008|0.006|2793|2087|2845|2049|
|Philippines 1993|-0.002|0.020|-0.001|0.006|0.000|0.000|0.000|-0.001|3119|1222|3354|1188|
|India 1998-99|0.000|-0.001|0.000|0.000|-0.001|-0.001|-0.001|0.000|22636|14263|24169|15036|
|Zimbabwe 1994|-0.005 **|-0.013 **|-0.002|-0.008 *|-0.003 +|-0.002|-0.004 **|0.000|2385|907|2396|987|
|Bolivia 1993-94|-0.006||-0.006||-0.001||-0.001 **||1860||1913||

_Note_ : Selected results from models that includes child’s age, adults’ education, characteristics of the head of household, and a set of cluster characteristics. *, ** indicate significance of the underlying probit coefficients at the 5, and 1 percent respectively. _Source:_ Author’s calculation from DHS data.

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