**Table 19: Wage and productivity premiums combining age, occupation, education, and union status**

||P|ooled sampl|e||Anglophone|||Francophon|e|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Production<br>function|Wage<br>equation|Equal premia<br>P-value|Production<br>function|Wage<br>equation|Equal premia<br>P-value|Production<br>function|Wage<br>equation|Equal premia<br>P-value|
||N=1438|N=7726||N=583|N=3210||N=855|N=4516||
|Unionized firm|-0.013|0.01||0.048|**0.11**||0.158|-0.049||
||(0.107)|(0.038)||(0.158)|(0.062)||(0.139)|(0.046)||
|Union member|**1.023**|-0.008|0.839|**1.375**|-0.085|0.137|**0.771**|0.057|0.074|
||(0.156)|(0.038)||(0.316)|(0.059)||(0.164)|(0.045)||
|Age (32+)|**0.83**|0.02|0.155|**0.729**|0.049|0.076|**0.892**|-0.011|0.615|
||(0.133)|(0.026)||(0.176)|(0.044)||(0.192)|(0.031)||
|Manager|**1.229**|**0.713**|0.169|**1.02**|**1.052**|0.050|**1.476**|**0.518**|0.938|
||(0.327)|(0.077)||(0.453)|(0.143)||(0.526)|(0.078)||
|Professional|**2.502**|**0.48**|0.229|**2.344**|**0.643**|0.533|**2.102**|**0.394**|0.488|
||(0.851)|(0.059)||(1.120)|(0.130)||(1.018)|(0.063)||
|Skilled production|**1.052**|**0.198**|0.385|**1.002**|**0.268**|0.217|**1.481**|**0.16**|0.310|
||(0.166)|(0.036)||(0.217)|(0.055)||(0.311)|(0.044)||
|Vocational degree|**1.496**|**0.173**|0.353|**3.000**|**0.18**|0.058|0.540|**0.219**|0.037|
||(0.347)|(0.058)||(0.966)|(0.086)||(0.319)|(0.068)||
|Junior/senior sec.|**1.25**|**0.134**|0.627|**1.762**|**0.233**|0.294|**1.234**|0.068|0.572|
||(0.240)|(0.040)||(0.511)|(0.067)||(0.295)|(0.051)||
|University|**1.286**|**0.531**|0.534|0.436|**0.474**|0.000|**1.426**|**0.515**|0.857|
||(0.401)|(0.057)||(0.278)|(0.094)||(0.498)|(0.069)||
|H0: Age +32 coefficient =1|||0.199|||0.125|||0.575|
|H0: Vocational coefficient =1|||0.153|||0.038|||0.149|
|H0: Secondary coefficient =1|||0.298|||0.136|||0.427|
|H0: University coefficient =1|||0.475|||0.042|||0.392|
|H0: Manager coefficient =1|||0.484|||0.965|||0.365|
|H0: Professional coefficient =1|||0.078|||0.230|||0.279|
|H0: Skilled production coefficient =1|||0.755|||0.993|||0.123|
|<br>H0: Unionized worker coefficient =1|||0.884|||0.235|||0.161|
|Joint test: occupation coefficients =1|||0.306|||0.688|||0.377|
|<br>Joint test: occupation premia are equal|||0.197|||0.125|||0.756|
|Joint test: education coefficients =1|||0.554|||0.011|||0.235|
|Joint test: educationpremia are equal|||0.569|||0.000|||0.114|

Notes: Shares of uinon members, older workers, managers, professionals, skilled production workers, holders of vocational, secondary, and upper-level degrees are calculated as the mean values at the firm level. The estimation of the production function and the wage equation is done jointly, clustering the errors at the firm level. Standard errors in parentheses below coefficients. **Bold** coefficients indicate significance at the 10% level or better. The production function coefficients represent one plus the productivity premium; the wage regression coefficients are semi-elasticities. The equality of premia test is a Wald test of the null hypothesis that the wage regression coefficient is equal to the production function coefficient minus one for the corresponding category.

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