<mark>where PE k and ���</mark><sup><mark>is the level of human capital endowment of the mother or father</mark></sup><sup>_<mark>j</mark>_</sup><sup><mark>living in the cluster</mark></sup> <mark>born in year</mark> _<mark>t</mark>_ <mark>; P</mark> �<sup><mark>is the parent’s year of birth fixed effect;</mark></sup> <mark>θ</mark> �<sup><mark>are cluster fixed effects and</mark></sup> <mark>ε</mark> ���<sup><mark>is an</mark></sup> <mark>idiosyncratic error term. Again, the analysis is restricted to mothers or fathers born after January 1, 1979 (less than 16 years old at the time of the first refugee inflow in 1993). Throughout our analysis, our control group consists of mothers born between 1979 and 1988. As before, the coefficient of interest is β</mark> �<sup><mark>and</mark></sup> <mark>T</mark> �� <mark>is a binary variable equal to 1 if the parent j of child i was exclusively born or solely spent her/his early childhood during either the first (1993-1996) or the second period (1997-2001) of refugees’ influx and 0 otherwise. This is the main cohort of treated parents we consider (“main cohort” in Figure A2).</mark> <mark>Results are reported in Table 7. We find that mothers who spent their first five years of life under the presence of refugees are less likely to complete more than secondary education as adults. This reinforces the findings of previous studies on the long-term impact of early life exposure to shocks and schooling performance (Shah and Steinberg, 2013 and Cunha et al., 2006). They are also less likely to own land and a house and more likely to participate to the labor market later in their life. In particular, increased labor market participation can potentially translate into reduced child care at home and poorer anthropometrics of their less than 5 years old offspring, as shown in previous literature (</mark> see e.g. <mark>Saabneh, 2016; H</mark> ill et al. 2005; Brooks-Gunn et al., 2002; <mark>Belsky and Eggebeen, 1991)</mark> . <mark>In the same vein, we find that fathers who spent their first five years of life under the presence of refugees are less likely to own key assets such as land and house. However, early life exposure to refugees has no longterm impacts on fathers’ labor market participation and their attainment of more than secondary education.</mark> <mark>Finally, we use the 1991/1992 and 1996 DHS data to assess whether under five years old children’s anthropometric health outcomes in 1996 (during the crisis) were worse off as compared to 1991/1992 (prior to the crisis). We find in table 8 that children in refugee receiving areas in 1996 had lower Weight for Age, Weight for Height and a lower Biomass Index scores as compared to their peers. They were also more likely to be wasting, underweight, have diarrhea or fever. There is no evidence instead of an increased level of under five years old mortality in refugee receiving areas in 1996. In sum, these findings suggest that parents in their early age during the refugee influx suffered from decreased nutritional standards and increased morbidity. This, in turn, is expected to affect the anthropometrics of their own children in 2015-2016.</mark> <mark>We shall derive that the increase in household well-being found by other studies is probably associated with higher female participation in the labor market, particularly for lower educated women who picked</mark> 21