<mark>Unlike the ODIN, the ODB assesses not just NSOs but overall government data, i.e., all government data regardless of whether the NSO contributes to making the data available. The most recent edition (the fifth edition) known as the leaders’ edition of the ODB covers far fewer countries than the ODIN. Although previous editions of the ODB covered over 100 governments, the</mark> _<mark>Leaders Edition</mark>_ <mark>covers only 30 governments that have publicly committed to adopt the International Open Data Charter Principles or the equivalent G20 Anti-Corruption Open Data Principles – only one of the 30 countries – Saudi Arabia- is in the MENA region. The ODB scores countries on three sub-indexes as follows: readiness; implementation and; impact. Each of the sub-indexes are weighted equally and further subdivided into various components weighted equally within each sub index. The readiness sub index measures the ability of governments to secure positive outcomes from open government data initiative. This is measured through three components focusing on: (1) Government; (2) Citizens and Civil Society; and (3) Entrepreneurs and Business. These components include measures relating to the existence of open data, and a range of interventions that support engagement with and re-use of open data. For the implementation sub index, the ODB asks researchers to complete a checklist of 10 questions</mark><sup>25</sup> <mark>assessing data openness for various data categories (see annex table A5 for the various data categories).</mark><sup>26</sup> <mark>Finally, for the impacts sub index, the ODB takes the approach of treating online, mainstream media and academic publications about open data impacts as a proxy for existence of impacts. Researchers were asked to score the extent of impact on a 0 – 10 scale. The scoring guidance directed assignment of the highest scores for peer-reviewed studies showing impact and emphasized the importance of sources making a direct connection between open data and observed impacts. For scores over 5, researchers were asked to cite at least two separate examples in the given category. To calculate each score for each component an average of the variables in that component is taken and the average of components is used to generate each sub-index. The weighted average of the sub-indexes is used to generate the overall ODB score.</mark> Like the ODB, the GODI also assesses government data based on the open definition and the <mark>open data charter. However, unlike the ODB, GODI limits its inquiry to the publication of national government data and ignores other aspects of the common open data assessment framework such as context, use or impact. It covers 94 countries including 3 MENA countries- the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tunisia, and Oman- in its most recent version. GODI data categories are refined</mark>

> 25 These 10 questions are as follows: <mark>Does the data exist? Is it available online from government in any form? Is the data set provided in machine-readable formats?; Is the machine-readable data available in bulk?; Is the data set available free of charge?; Is the data openly licensed?; Is the data set up to date?;  Is the publication of the data set sustainable?; Was it easy to find information about this data set and;</mark> ; <mark>Are (linked) data URIs provided for key elements of the data?</mark>

> 26 Excerpt from ODB methodology report- ‘”By putting forward categories of data, rather than specific named data sets, we allowed researchers to exercise judgement as to the extent to which countries were making data of this kind available, whilst also sourcing specific examples of data sets that fit into these categories in different countries, and generating a rich collection of qualitative information about the reasons that certain data may or may not be available in different countries, and the extent to which certain data sets tend to exist at national or federal levels.”

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