|SouthAfrica<br>preferences|-0.183<br>(0.015)**|-0.183<br>(0.009)**<br>0.037|-0.180<br>(0.009)**|-0.121<br>(0.006)**<br>0.037|-0.161<br>(0.018)**|-0.192<br>(0.010)**<br>0.037||0.029|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||(0.001)**||(0.001)**||(0.001)**||(0.001)**|
|dutydifference|0.018||0.023||0.020||||
||(0.026)||(0.027)||(0.026)||||
|DUMagriclture|0.035|0.252|0.037|0.251|0.033|0.252||0.235|
||(0.010)**|(0.010)**|(0.010)**|(0.010)**|(0.010)**|(0.010)**||(0.011)**|
|DUMtextiles|0.088|0.362|0.085|0.365|0.087|0.358||0.302|
||(0.013)**|(0.018)**|(0.013)**|(0.018)**|(0.013)**|(0.018)**||(0.019)**|
|DUMfootwear|0.062|0.157|0.062|0.151|0.060|0.150||0.118|
||(0.023)**|(0.025)**|(0.024)**|(0.024)**|(0.023)*|(0.024)**||(0.021)**|
|DUMmachinery|-0.083|-0.162|-0.084|-0.161|-0.082|-0.160||-0.101|
||(0.046)|(0.004)**|(0.046)|(0.004)**|(0.045)|(0.004)**||(0.004)**|
|DUMwood|0.072|0.058|0.070|0.055|0.069|0.049||0.016|
||(0.017)**|(0.014)**|(0.017)**|(0.014)**|(0.017)**|(0.014)**||(0.009)|
|DUMmineral|-0.012|-0.089|-0.020|-0.086|-0.016|-0.088||-0.051|
||(0.087)|(0.013)**|(0.088)|(0.014)**|(0.087)|(0.012)**||(0.008)**|
|DUMclothing|0.039|0.364|0.041|0.370|0.038|0.373||0.305|
||(0.011)**|(0.013)**|(0.011)**|(0.013)**|(0.011)**|(0.013)**||(0.014)**|
|County specific|||||||included|included|
|dummies|||||||||
|Observations|23631|23631|23631|23631|23631|23631|23631|23631|

Marginal effects are presented in the table. Standard errors in parentheses, significant at 5%, ** significant at 1%

**Table 8 Results of the Heckman estimation excluding South Africa from the sample using dummies for different regions**

||Utilization rate|request|Utilization rate|request|Utilization rate|request|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Ldistance|-0.057<br>(0.009)**||-0.072<br>(0.010)**||-0.074<br>(0.011)**||
|LGDP|0.006<br>|0.004<br>|||0.008<br>|0.007<br>|
||(0.002)*|(0.003)|||(0.003)**|(0.003)*|
|LGDP/POP|||0.008<br>(0.002)**|0.005<br>(0.002)*|||
|LPOP|||||-0.009<br>(0.003)**|-0.001<br>(0.003)|
|LPOPeu|||||0.010<br>(0.014)|0.247<br>(0.020)**|
|LGDP/POPeu|||-0.000|-0.209|||
||||(0.013)|(0.019)**|||
|LGDPeu|-0.013|0.028|||-0.019|-0.207|
||(0.003)**|(0.004)**|||(0.014)|(0.020)**|
|Freedom index|0.003|-0.008|0.006|-0.006|0.006|-0.007|
||(0.001)*|(0.002)**|(0.001)**|(0.002)**|(0.002)**|(0.002)**|
|Caribbean|0.012|-0.145|0.010|-0.144|0.011|-0.138|
||(0.010)|(0.010)**|(0.009)|(0.009)**|(0.010)|(0.010)**|
|Pacific|0.039|-0.100|0.042|-0.096|0.043|-0.094|
||(0.020)|(0.015)**|(0.020)*|(0.016)**|(0.020)*|(0.016)**|
|preferences||0.051||0.051||0.050|
|||(0.002)**||(0.002)**||(0.002)**|
|dutydifference|-0.012<br>||-0.010<br>||-0.012<br>||
||(0.022)||(0.021)||(0.022)||
|DUMagriculture||0.414||0.409||0.419|
|||(0.014)**||(0.014)**||(0.014)**|
|DUMtextiles||0.405||0.394||0.393|
|||(0.025)**||(0.026)**||(0.026)**|
|DUMfootwear||0.166||0.156||0.159|
|||(0.036)**||(0.036)**||(0.036)**|
|DUMmachinery||-0.251||-0.249||-0.249|
|||(0.008)**||(0.008)**||(0.008)**|
|DUMwood||0.091||0.064||0.071|
|||(0.021)**||(0.020)**||(0.020)**|
|DUMmineral||-0.120||-0.123||-0.127|
|||(0.036)**||(0.035)**||(0.032)**|
|DUMclothing||0.461||0.460||0.474|
|||(0.016)**||(0.016)**||(0.016)**|
|Observations|13347|13347|13347|13347|13347|13347|

Marginal effects are presented in the table. Standard errors in parentheses, significant at 5%, ** significant at 1% 26