||Table 12:|Summary of results from estim|ating equ<br>Complete|ation (|1) under<br>ICA method|different<br>& variations|imputat<br>|ion met<br>E|hods w<br>M algorith|ith resp<br>ms|ect to the<br>Multiple|ICA met<br>Hec|hod case<br>kman mod|<br>els|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||case|**ICA**<br>**met.**|ICA met.<br>(boot. s. e.)|<br>Random<br>ICA met.|<br>ICA met.<br>on inputs|<br>EM alg.<br>[1]|EM alg.<br>[2]|<br>EM alg.<br>[3]|imputation|Heckman o<br>complete<br>case|n<br>Heckman<br>replacing<br>inputs|<br> <br>Heckman<br>(boot.<br>s.e)|
|India:<br>Tables|Input-output<br>elasticities|<br>Significant change in estimated<br>elasticity?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|No|No|No|Yes (L,<br>M)|Yes (L,<br>M)|Yes (L)|No|No|-|
|9.1, 10.1||Change in significance?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
|& 11.1|IC variables|Significant variables<sup>1</sup>|4, (3)|**6**|6, (2)|6, (3)|4, (1)|5, (0)|4, (1)|4, (1)|5, (2)|11, (7)|11, (6)|15, (10)|
||[27 vars.]|Non-significant variables<sup>2</sup>|23, (5)|**21**|21, (2)|21, (4)|23, (3)|22, (1)|23, (3)|23, (3)|22, (2)|16, (2)|16, (1)|12, (1)|
|||Change in the direction of the effect?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
||Number of ob|servations|3943|**5211**|-|5063|5134|5216|5175|5176|5262|4233|5407|-|
||Significant He|ckman's Lambda?|-|**-**|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|No|No|-|
|Turkey:<br>Table|Input-output<br>elasticities|<br>Significant change in estimated<br>elasticity?<sup>3</sup>|Yes (M)|**-**|-|No|Yes (L,<br>M, K)|Yes (M,<br>L)|Yes (L,<br>M, K)|Yes (L,<br>M, K)|Yes (L, M)|Yes (L. K)|<br>Yes (L.<br>K)|-|
|9.2, 10.2<br>||Change in significance?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|Yes (L)|Yes (L)|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
|& 11.2|IC variables|Significant variables<sup>1</sup>|9, (3)|**10**|8, (2)|9, (0)|9, (0)|13, (3)|9, (2)|11, (4)|10, (2)|9, (3)|11, (1)|16, (6)|
||[18 vars.]|Non-significant variables<sup>2</sup>|9, (4)|**8**|10, (4)|9, (1)|9, (1)|5, (0)|9, (2)|7, (2)|8, (2)|9, (2)|7, (0)|2, (0)|
|||Change in the direction of the effect?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
||Number of ob|servations|792|**1684**|-|1684|1360|1679|1733|1733|1646|1941|2509|-|
||Significant He|ckman's Lambda?|-|**-**|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|No|No|-|
|South<br>Africa:|Input-output<br>elasticities|<br>Significant change in estimated<br>elasticity?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|Yes (K)|No|No|Yes (L)|<br>Yes (L)|Yes (L)|No|No|-|
|Table||Change in significance?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|
|9.3, 10.3<br>|<br>IC variables|Significant variables<sup>1</sup>|10, (3)|**9**|16, (10)|12, (3)|9, (0)|12, (5)|14, (6)|14, (5)|15, (7)|15, (8)|19, (11)|18, (10)|
|& 11.3|[31 vars.]|Non-significant variables<sup>2</sup>|21, (2)|**22**|15, (3)|19, (0)|22, (0)|19, (2)|17, (1)|17, (1)|16, (1)|16, (2)|12, (1)|13, (1)|
|||Change in the direction of the effect?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|No|-|
||Number of ob|servations||**1483**||||1528|1552|1550||1443|1657|-|
||Significant He|ckman's Lambda?|-|**-**|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|No|No|-|
|Tanzania<br>Table|:<br>Input-output<br>elasticities|<br>Significant change in estimated<br>elasticity?<sup>3</sup>|Yes (M)|**-**|-|Yes (L, K)|Yes (L,<br>M)|Yes (L)|Yes (M,<br>L)|<br>Yes (M,<br>L)|Yes (L, M,<br>K)|Yes (M)|Yes (M)|-|
|9.4, 10.4||Change in significance?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|No|No|No|Yes (L)|Yes (L)|<br>Yes (L)|No|No|No|No|
|& 11.4|IC variables|<br>Significant variables<sup>1</sup>|10, (4)|**10**|9, (4)|11, (4)|10, (2)|<br>11, (2)|<br>8, (2)|<br> <br>10, (3)|8, (2)|14, (9)|9, (5)|7, (5)|
||[25 vars.]|Non-significant variables<sup>2</sup>|15, (3)|**15**|16, (5)|14, (3)|15, (2)|14, (1)|17, (4)|15, (3)|17, (4)|11, (5)|16, (6)|18, (6)|
|||Change in the direction of the effect?<sup>3</sup>|No|**-**|-|No|No||||No|No|No|-|
||Number of ob|servations|291|**559**|-|557|442|560|603|597|570|581|771|-|
||Significant He|ckman's Lambda?|-|**-**|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|No|No|-|

1 In parenthesis: variables non-significant in the ICA method that became significant under other imputation mechanisms.

2 In parenthesis: variables significant in the ICA method and no longer significant under other imputation mechanisms. 3 With respect to the ICA method.

A more detailed description of the results is in Tables 8.1 to 8.4. Source: Authors’ calculations with ICSs data.

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