Table 12: The determinants of Storm fatalities and Institutions - ZINB

||12.1|12.2|12.3|12.4|12.5|12.6|12.7<sup>b</sup>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Ln(_AIDjt-1_)|0.239*|0.230*|0.205|0.249*|0.243*|0.258*|0.162|
|_,_<br>Ln(_AIDj,t-1_)|(0.143)<br>-0.656**|(0.135)<br>-0.576**|(0.147)<br>-0.572**|(0.135)<br>-0.668**|(0.140)<br>-0.650**|(0.137)<br>-0.717***|(0.132)<br>-0.203|
|Ln(_GDPj,t-1_)|(0.260)<br>-0.087<br>(0210)|(0.281)|(0.236)|(0.271)|(0.260)|(0.261)|(0.687)|
|_CORR CONTjt_|.|-0.215<br>(0.224)||||||
|_GOV EFFjt_|||-0.425<br>(0.263)|||||
|_POL STABjt_||||-0.062<br>(0.259)||||
|_REG QALjt_|||||-0.073<br>(0.200)|||
|_RULE LAWjt_||||||0.059<br>(0.193)||
|_VOICE ACCjt_|||||||-0.003<br>|
||||||||(0.021)|
|_GINIjt_|-0.011|-0.013|-0.014|-0.010|-0.011|-0.010|<br>-0.037|
|Ln(_POP jt)_|(0.022)<br>0.706***|(0.022)<br>0.712***|(0.021)<br>0.671***|(0.022)<br>0.704***|(0.022)<br>0.702***|(0.022)<br>0.707***|(0.028)<br>0.094|
||(0.134)|(0.137)|(0.134)|(0.133)|(0.134)|(0.135)|(0.214)|
|_DISASTERSjt _|0.101**|0.107**|0.125**|0.0981**|0.100**|0.0957**|0.162***|
|_NATHAZ – RISKj _|(0.046)<br>0.947***|(0.043)<br>0.919***|(0.052)<br>0.997***|(0.044)<br>0.934***|(0.043)<br>0.930***|(0.044)<br>0.923***|(0.052)<br>0.764|
||(0.208)|(0.201)|(0.236)|(0.204)|(0.205)|(0.207)|(0.469)|
|**1**<sup>**st**</sup>**stage Probit**||||||||
|<br>Ln(_AIDj,t-1_)|-0.161|-0.156|-0.164|-0.165|-0.164|-0.167|-0.135|
||(0.132)|(0.129)|(0.132)|(0.132)|(0.132)|(0.133)|(0.438)|
|Ln(_GDPj,t-1_)|-0.111|-0.104|-0.132|-0.108|-0.110|-0.104|0.205|
||(0.316)|(0.311)|(0.319)|(0.316)|(0.315)|(0.319)|(6.521)|
|Ln(_POP jt)_|<br>-0.446***|<br>-0.449***|<br>-0.413***|<br>-0.445***|<br>-0.446***|<br>-0.445***|<br>-0.570|
||(0.140)|(0.138)|(0.153)|(0.137)|(0.139)|(0.135)|(1.446)|
|_DISASTERSjt _|<br>-8.764***|<br>-9.271***|<br>-8.951***|<br>-8.985***|<br>-9.018***|<br>-8.820***|<br>-11.920***|
||(1.149)|(1.174)|(1.097)|(1.106)|(1.127)|(1.076)|(1.251)|
|_NATHAZ – RISKj _|<br>0.061|<br>0.060|<br>0.037|<br>0.051|<br>0.054|<br>0.047|<br>0.036|
||(0.304)|(0.295)|(0.286)|(0.291)|(0.294)|(0.288)|(2.202)|
|Obs.|2186|2186|2186|2186|2186|2186|2118|
|Nonzero Obs.|430|430|430|430|430|430|425|
|Log pseudolikelihood<br> <sup>2</sup>|-2468.210<br>|-2467.615<br>|-2465.740<br>|-2468.301<br>|-2468.258<br>|-2468.28<br>|-2466.052<br>|
|Prob>χ|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|
|VuongTest(z-value) <sup>a</sup>|14.28***|14.21***|14.56***|14.24***|14.23***|14.20***|13.99***|

_Notes:_ ZINB-estimates. Dependent variable is _DEATHijt_ . Standard errors (in parentheses) are adjusted for clustering on country-level. The 1<sup>st</sup> stage probit regression estimates the probability that nobody in nation and year died from the specific natural disaster. The 2<sup>nd</sup> stage negative-binomial estimates the number of disaster deaths. Continent dummies, time trend and constant term included in all 2<sup>nd</sup> stage negative-binomial specifications. ***, **, * indicate significance at the 1, 5 and 10%-level, respectively.<sup>a</sup> The test compares the ZINB with a negative binomial model and selects the one that is closest to the true conditional distribution (Vuong 1989).<sup>b</sup> indicates that ZINB model did not converge.

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