part is often treated as discrimination. It is important to note however that “the unexplained part” also captures all potential effects of differences in unobserved variables (Jann, 2008).

# _<u>Results</u>_

Coefficient estimates of the separate wage regressions for men and women are reported in Table 8. The results show that wages of both male and female workers are influenced by personal characteristics such as education, occupation, urban or rural location, full-time or part-time employment as well as marital status. For most variables, the estimated coefficients are statistically significant.

||**Table 8. Earni**|**ngs Regression**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
||**200**|**8**|**2**|**09**|
|VARIABLES|**Female**|**Male**|**Female**|**Male**|
|||**Log of Mont**|**hly Earnings**||
|**Location : omitted rural**|||||
|Urban|0.098(0.020)|0.049*(0.018)|0.092(0.02)|0.091(0.019)|
|Age|0.015**(0.007)|0.023*(0.007)|0.011**(0.007)|0.003**(0.006)|
|Age2<br>**Marital status: omitted non-married**|- 0.0002**(0.0001)|-0.0003**(0.0001)|-0.0001**(0.0001)|-0.0001**(0.0001)|
|Married<br>**Education: omitted primary and**<br>**below**|-0.028** (0.023)|0.073* (0.029)|-0.043** (0.026)|0.087* (0.028)|
|Lower secondary|0.094*(0.036)|0.090*(0.028)|0.071**(0.051)|0.078*(0.033)|
|Upper secondary|0.180(0.033)|0.199(0.031)|0.171(0.060)|0.206(0.036)|
|Tertiary|0.414(0.042)|0.418(0.045)|0.463(0.071)|0.403(0.046)|
|Number ofyears at thejob|0.003**(0.002)|0.007**(0.002)|0.004**(0.002)|0.009**(0.002)|
|**Job type: omitted full-time**|||||
|Part-time|-0.517**(0.093)|-0.732**(0.093)|-0.479**(0.070)|-0.342**(0.109)|
|Number of children|-0.012**(0.012)|-0.022**(0.011)|0.009**(0.011)|-0.003**(0.014)|
|**Sector: omitted agriculture**|||||
|Miningandquarrying|0.500(0.128)|0.479(0.060)|0.396(0.121)|0.505(0.070)|
|Manufacturing|0.191*(0.080)|0.053**(0.045)|0.295(0.087)|0.046**(0.047)|
|Electricity, gas and water supply|0.206**(0.105)|0.254(0.061)|0.496(0.113)|0.211(0.071)|
|Construction|0.259(0.093)|0.249(0.050)|0.428(0.105)|0.158(0.051)|
|Wholesale and retail trade|0.200*(0.079)|0.108**(0.050)|0.367(0.088)|0.072**(0.051)|
|Hotels and restaurants|0.302(0.088)|0.050**(0.073)|0.416(0.102)|0.060**(0.077)|
|Transport,storage and communication|0.255(0.085)|0.213(0.048)|0.433(0.097)|0.154(0.052)|
|Financial intermediation|0.530 (0.087)|0.491 (0.066)|0.638 (0.09)|0.159** (0.103)|
|Real estate, renting and business<br>activities|0.185**(0.097)|0.213(0.079)|0.462(0.147)|0.103**(0.074)|
|Public administration & social security|0.361(0.083)|0.24(0.052)|0.391(0.093)|0.178(0.058)|
|Education|0.170**(0.082)|0.093**(0.060)|0.324(0.089)|0.085**(0.072)|
|Health and social work|0.283(0.079)|0.161*(0.061)|0.409(0.089)|0.117**(0.065)|
|Communitysocial andpersonal services|0.208*(0.092)|0.142*(0.062)|0.367(0.097)|0.014**(0.060)|
|Private hhs with employed persons|0.249** (0.379)|0.862 (0.400)|0.809** (0.477)|.|
|Extra-territorial organizations and<br>bodies|.|1.061(0.071)|.|.|
|**Ownership: omitted other**|||||
|Private|0.093**(0.076)|0.105*(0.048)|0.041**(0.107)|0.085**(0.086)|
|Public|0.232(0.077)|0.135*(0.053)|0.121**(0.107)|0.166**(0.086)|
|**Occupation: omitted elementary**|||||
|Managers and senior officials|0.011**(0.111)|-0.101**(0.185)|0.465(0.075)|0.537(0.065)|
|Professional occupations|0.352(0.100)|0.337(0.062)|0.410(0.058)|0.447(0.052)|
|Associate professionals and technicians|0.338 (0.082)|0.245 (0.052)|0.238 (0.054)|0.216 (0.043)|

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