The enumerator next identified key characteristics of the respondent to determine which of the more detailed program information and enrollment procedures to highlight, including whether he/she is a wage employee or self-employed, and whether or not he/she holds local _hukou_ .<sup>12</sup> Using these characteristics, the enumerator located the programs and policies that applied to the respondent and provided him/her with detailed and relevant information. After doing this, the enumerator then pointed out the contact details (address and phone number) for social insurance related consultations at the local Bureau of Labor and Social Security. Finally, the respondent was asked whether he/she had any further questions. If so, the enumerator answered the question(s) and if not, the respondent was informed that there would be a confirmation phone-call made from survey headquarters to confirm the receipt of the gift and pamphlet. The total information delivery process was designed to take less than 25 minutes.

When respondents were not found on a first effort, enumerators followed a protocol that required repeated efforts at contact by phone or SMS every two to three days over a twoweek period. To increase the probability of contact, calls were made at different times of the day. An individual was only classified as attrited if no contact was made after two weeks of successive efforts. Conditional on participating in the 2015 survey round, only 6-7% of the respondents who were randomly assigned for the information treatment did not receive the pamphlet.

The 2016 RUMiC survey (the 9th wave) began in late March 2016, two months after the information intervention, and was completed eight months later in November 2016. In addition to the normal survey questions, those respondents to whom the pamphlet was delivered were also asked to confirm whether they received the pamphlet, and whether they understood the information provided in the pamphlet. All respondents (in both the treatment and control groups) were asked whether they intended to participate in health insurance and pension programs in 2016 if they were not already covered. Participation, both intended and actual, are the main outcome variables in the analysis below. We include social insurance participation intentions for two reasons. First, as the information treatment (pamphlet delivery) occurred not long before the 2016 survey round began in some cities, it is possible that respondents interviewed at that time simply did not have sufficient time to enroll in pension or health insurance. Indeed, when we estimate actual participation against survey month and city fixed effects, survey month has a strong positive effect on participation: the later the follow-up survey was implemented in 2016, the more likely that the respondent had enrolled. Intention to participate, on the other hand, shows a weak negative correlation with survey month. Second, use of intended behavior is not uncommon in the literature on information

> 12‘Local _hukou_ ’ (local residential registration) could be either rural or urban, as long as it is located within the metropolitan region. Thus, although RUMiC targets rural-urban migrants, it does include some “local” rural migrants.

11