# **Table** **<u>3: Ordinary Least Square Results (Welfare Indicators)</u>**

|**PANEL A**|**Log of H**|**ousehold Exp**|**enditure**||**Hou**|**sehold Livesto**|**ck Ownersh**|**ip**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||**Diffe**|**rent Types Ow**|**ned**||**Total Owned**||
||**1**|**2**|**3**|**1**|**2**|**3**|**1**|**2**|**3**|
|Post-Covid|-0.068***||-0.150***|-0.067***<br>||-0.143***<br>|0.223<br>||0.688*<br>|
||(0.006)||(0.011)|(0.008)||(0.018)|(0.178)||(0.412)|
|Post-Covid*months elapsed<br>||-0.030***|||-0.029***|||0.129*||
|(continuous)||(0.002)|||(0.002)|||(0.078)||
|Post-Covid*months elapsed (1-3)|||0.026***|||0.022|||-0.094|
||||(0.009)|||(0.015)|||(0.135)|
|Post-Covid*months elapsed (>3)|||0.114***|||0.109***|||-0.719*|
||||(0.008)|||(0.013)|||(0.387)|
|**R-squared**|0.415|0.420|0.420|0.078|0.080|0.080|0.005|0.006|0.006|
|**Observations**|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|
|**PANEL B**||||**Househo**|**ld Asset Owne**|**rship**||||
||**Number o**|**f Different As**|**sets Owned**|**Numb**|**er of Assets O**|**wned**|**Log V**|**alue of Assets**|**Owned**|
||**1**|**2**|**3**|**1**|**2**|**3**|**1**|**2**|**3**|
|Post-Covid|-0.395***||-0.542***|-0.521***||-1.146***|-0.167***||-0.335***|
||(0.042)||(0.086)|(0.076)||(0.157)|(0.017)||(0.035)|
|Post-Covid*months elapsed||-0.144***|||-0.206***|||-0.069***||
|(continuous)||(0.013)|||(0.023)|||(0.005)||
|Post-Covid*months elapsed (1-3)|||-0.136**|||0.164|||0.040|
||||(0.068)|||(0.123)|||(0.028)|
|Post-Covid*months elapsed (>3)|||0.443***|||0.919***|||0.252***|
||||(0.064)|||(0.120)|||(0.027)|
|**R-squared**|0.297|0.298|0.299|0.286|0.287|0.288|0.242|0.244|0.245|
|**Observations**|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|28,902|

**Note:** Robust standard errors in parentheses Statistical significance: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1 The controls include head of household and individual member age, education, and marital status; polygamous household; female-headed household; dependency ratio; number of working-age individuals in household; access to water, sanitation and electricity; improved floor and roof; location (region and urban settlement)

In Panel A of Table 3, the impact of the Covid-19 lockdown shows an average reduction in household expenditure of 6.8%, with a 3% reduction for each month that elapsed after the lockdown month, _ceteris paribus._ The interaction of our post-Covid-19 sample and the number of months that elapsed shows the effect lingered strongly during the first three months after the lockdown. There is some evidence of recovery, with the magnitude of the negative impact slowly reducing within the first 3 months. The rate of recovery improves post three months of the national lockdown.

The last six columns of Panel A in Table 3 present the estimation for the household livestock ownership across two measures (different types and total livestock owned) for the three models. The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown was a small decrease in the different types of livestock owned by a household, on average. Nevertheless, there was no significant impact on the total number of livestock owned after the lockdown. The results on the impact of the Covid-19 25