# **Table A32:  Institute for Management Development World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY)**

**Data Provider** Institute for Management Development **Description** Educational and research organization headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland **Website** www.imd.ch **Data Source** World Competitiveness Yearbook **Type** Survey **Respondents** Businesspeople working in countries being assessed **Frequency** Annual since 1987 **Coverage** Global sample of countries **Public Access** Full dataset is commercially available.  Averages of sub-indicators are publicly available in this spreadsheet. **Description** The World Competitiveness Yearbook ranks countries on a large number of factual and

Full dataset is commercially available. Averages of sub-indicators are publicly available in this spreadsheet.

The World Competitiveness Yearbook ranks countries on a large number of factual and subjective indicators relating to the business environment. We use indicators drawn from their Executive Opinion Survey capturing the views of approximately 4000 respondents.

||2007|2006|2005|2004|2003|2002|2000|1998|1996|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Voice and Accountability**||||||||||
|Transparency of Government policy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Political Stability and Absence of Violence**||||||||||
|The risk of political instability is very high|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|
|**Government Effectiveness**||||||||||
|Government economic policies do not adapt quickly to changes in the economy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|
|The public service is not independent from political interference|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Government decisions are not effectively implemented|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Bureaucracy hinders business activity|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally inefficient|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|
|Policy direction is not consistent|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|**Regulatory Quality**||||||||||
|The exchange rate policy of your country hinders the competitiveness of firms|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Protectionism in the country negatively affects the conduct of business|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Competition legislation in your country does not prevent unfair competition|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Price controls affect pricing of products in most industries|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Access to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Ease of doing business is not a competitive advantage for your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Financial institutions' transparency is not widely developed in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Customs' authorities do not facilitate the efficient transit of goods|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|The legal framework is detrimental to your country's competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real personal taxes are non distortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Real corporate taxes are non distortionary|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Banking regulation does not hinder competitiveness|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|
|Labor regulations hinder business activities|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|Subsidies impair economic development|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|Ease to start a business|X|X|X|X|..|..|..|..|..|
|**Rule of Law**||||||||||
|Tax evasion is a common practice in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|
|Justice is not fairly administered in society|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Personal security and private property are not adequately protected|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Parallel economy impairs economic development in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|Patent and copyright protection is not adequately enforced in your country|X|X|X|X|X|X|..|X|X|
|**Control of Corruption**||||||||||
|<br>Bribing and corruption exist in the economy|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|X|
|**Country coverage**|**55**|**53**|**51**|**51**|**51**|**49**|**49**|**46**|**46**|
|**Year of Publication**|**2007**|**2006**|**2005**|**2004**|**2003**|**2002**|**2000**|**1998**|**1996**|

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