**Table 4: OLS and Tobit for household consumption on electricity**

|||**Ur**|**ban**|||**Ru**|**ral**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||**OLS**|**T**|**obit**||**OLS**||**Tobit**|
|**Log (electricity)**|**Coef.**<br>|**Std. Err.**|**Coef.**<br>|**Std. Err.**|**Coef.**|**Std. Err.**|**Coef.**|**Std. Err.**|
|North|0.275|(0.117) **|2.528|(1.662)|0.321|(0.151) **|3.159|(2.051)|
|Center|0.020|(0.115)|-2.223|(1.323) *|0.197|(0.147)|1.698|(1.034) *|
|Vehicles|0.069|(0.013) ***|1.545|(0.403) ***|0.068|(0.020) ***|0.877|(0.677)|
|Appliances|0.013|(0.002) ***|0.529|(0.120) ***|0.018|(0.008) **|0.518|(0.192) ***|
|Refrigerator|0.227|(0.043) ***|1.536|(0.598) ***|0.293|(0.043) ***|1.698|(0.582) ***|
|Stove|0.057|(0.041)|-1.500|(0.914)|0.143|(0.034) ***|-0.314|(0.666)|
|Washing machine|0.055|(0.020) ***|-0.233|(0.479)|0.070|(0.034) **|0.694|(0.642)|
|Fan|0.122|(0.030) ***|2.021|(0.823) **|0.147|(0.037) ***|2.121|(1.106) *|
|Air conditioning|0.646|(0.063) ***|20.625|(3.579) ***|0.707|(0.092) ***|19.719|(6.291) ***|
|Heating|0.009|(0.102)|7.170|(5.671)|0.266|(0.119) **|40.623|(8.332) ***|
|Owners of housing|0.117|(0.019) ***|2.684|(0.405) ***|-0.017|(0.039)|1.775|(0.519) ***|
|Log (dormitories)|0.128|(0.019) ***|1.662|(0.633) ***|0.079|(0.047)|0.200|(0.644)|
|Housing quality|0.039|(0.010) ***|0.638|(0.297) **|0.080|(0.019) ***|1.043|(0.311) ***|
|Employment type|0.092|(0.021) ***|1.766|(0.556) ***|0.036|(0.032)|0.893|(0.685)|
|Male|-0.060|(0.018) ***|-0.893|(0.453) **|0.010|(0.028)|-0.248|(0.728)|
|Formal|-0.062|(0.013) ***|-1.625|(0.389) ***|-0.089|(0.033) **|-1.069|(1.231)|
|Indigenous language|-0.067|(0.036) *|-0.676|(0.775)|-0.027|(0.043)|-0.291|(0.759)|
|Log (household size)|0.212|(0.020) ***|2.501|(0.863) ***|0.067|(0.038) *|0.661|(0.667)|
|Skilled|0.001|(0.017)|-0.318|(0.529)|0.130|(0.050) **|2.506|(2.005)|
|Decile 2|0.129|(0.032) ***|0.945|(0.661)|-0.005|(0.074)|-1.501|(1.494)|
|Decile 3|0.175|(0.034) ***|0.783|(0.716)|0.066|(0.083)|-0.740|(1.457)|
|Decile 4|0.205|(0.039) ***|1.559|(0.613) **|0.069|(0.068)|-1.567|(1.592)|
|Decile 5|0.195|(0.039) ***|1.130|(0.842)|0.097|(0.088)|-1.854|(1.535)|
|Decile 6|0.221|(0.037) ***|2.109|(0.755) ***|0.195|(0.098) *|-1.387|(1.795)|
|Decile 7|0.264|(0.035) ***|2.130|(0.532) ***|0.136|(0.098)|-3.066|(1.595) *|
|Decile 8|0.308|(0.043) ***|3.011|(0.819) ***|0.212|(0.083) **|-1.440|(1.721)|
|Decile 9|0.370|(0.044) ***|4.408|(1.430) ***|0.302|(0.090) ***|-0.421|(1.734)|
|Decile 10|0.578|(0.040) ***|16.125|(2.026) ***|0.536|(0.089) ***|6.538|(2.100) ***|
|Constant|1.697|(0.148) ***|-2.771|(2.627)|1.428|(0.147) ***|-2.775|(2.552)|
|Sigma|||41.266|(3.103)|||24.916|(2.191)|
|**N**|1|8892|2|0407||4979||5307|
|**F/LR**χ <sup>**2**</sup>|284.590|(0.000) ***|281.030|(0.000) ***|1466.940|(0.000) ***|491.010|(0.000) ***|
|**R**<sup>**2**</sup>**/** **Likelihood**<br>Notes: ***, **, * denot<br>Clustered standard erro<br>Sample restricted to hou|e significan<br>rs at state le<br>seholds co<br>0.|ce at 1%, 5% an<br>vel<br>nsuming electric<br>3811|d 10 %<br>ity for OLS<br>0|.0265|0|.4168|0|.0328|

Although not significant, results for the Tobit may be due to two possible factors that are not mutually exclusive. First, the electricity supply is not constant in rural areas. Second, the number of households not reporting electricity consumption increases with income. In order to check this last option, we use a probit model in which the 23