5 EPAs were contacted, and 93 answered positively.<sup>6</sup> In the fall of 2014, the ITC survey concentrated on EPAs in 14 European countries, all of which responded positively.<sup>7</sup> The study therefore was left with an unbalanced panel containing information on EPAs’ budget, sources of funding, governance, and activities for 94 countries.

The survey contains 19 questions in order to better understand the budget, sources of funding, governance, and activities of EPAs around the world.<sup>8</sup> The choice of questions was carefully designed with the the help of the best export-promotion experts in the World Bank and the International Trade Center, as well as practitioners from the European Trade Promotion Organization. The questions try to get to what are considered best practices in export promotion. Table 1 provides summary statistics for the variables used in this paper. It is important to note that this is an unbalanced panel so the averages are not necessarily for the same time period for each variable. Also, for non-European countries the sample stops in 2010, whereas for some European countries the sample only starts in 2010. The unbalanced nature of the panel is addressed using country and year fixed effects in the econometric specifications.

Also note that all questions regarding the share of the budget spent on different activities or type of firms, or coming from different sources vary in a scale from 1 to 6. It takes the value 1 if this share is 0, the value 2 if the share is between 0 and 10 percent, the value 3 if the share is between 10 and 25 percent, the value 4 if the share is between 25 and 50 percent, the value 5 if the share is between 50 and 75 percent, and the value 6 if the share is between 75 and 100 percent.

The share of the private-sector seats on the executive board is measured in percentage points by simply taking the number of seats in the hands of the private sector and dividing them by the number of total seats in the executive board.

**Table 1.** Summary Statistics

|**Variable**|**Mean**|**Std. Dev.**|**Min.**|**Max.**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Log of nonoil exports of goods and services (USD)|22.910|2.427|16.251|28.51|
|Log of EPA budget (USD)|15.904|2.121|11.512|20.22|
|Log of GDP per capita (USD)|8.469|1.570|4.968|12.18|
|Log of population|15.924|1.726|11.123|21.01|
|Budget coming from fees for services|1.940|1.197|1|6.00|
|Public source of funding|4.924|1.656|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on marketing|3.512|1.087|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on export support services|2.658|0.976|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on nonmatching grants|1.77|1.22|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on non-exporters|2.166|1.130|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on established exporters|4.309|1.241|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on small firms|3.759|1.020|1|6.00|
|Budget spent on medium-size firms|3.807|0.982|1|6.00|
|Share of private sector over total at board|0.477|0.295|0|1.00|
|Rank of EPA responsibility|2.532|1.094|1|5.00|
|Strategy targets exports in all sectors and destinations|1.665|1.245|1|7.00|

_Source_ : Exports, GDP per capita and population are from WDI. EPA variables are from the three EPA surveys _Note_ : Units for nonoil exports are thousand of US dollars, units for EPA budget and GDP per capita are US dollars. For the construction of variables relating to EPA’s functioning see the text.

- 6 The response rates is around 80 percent, which is astonishing for an email survey. The high response rate is probably explained by the numerous follow-ups done by phone.

- 7 These are Austria, Belgium, Bosnia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Slovenia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

- 8 The survey is available from the authors upon request.