|**T**<br>**Definition**|**able 1: From**<br>**Key issues to be**<br>**captured**|**Concepts to Indicat**<br> <br>**Ideal measurement**|**ors of Social Sustaina**<br>**Measures available in the**<br>**literature**|**bility (continued)**<br> <br>**Proposed measure**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|A resilient society<br>has the ability,<br>capacity and|Ability, capacity and<br>flexibility to avoid<br>coflict|Resilience captures efforts<br>dedicated to keep peace, avoid<br>conflict, keep crime and insecurity,<br>or victimization perceptions low,<br>which could be approached with<br>questions about perceptions and<br>satisfaction with specific policies or<br>programs by government, judiciary<br>or legislative powers, as well as<br>police, among others.|<br> <br> <br>There are typically variables that<br>capture satisfaction with policies,<br>goverments and, depending on<br>context, CSO or international<br>organizations, but usually not<br>referring to peacekeeping activities<br>conflict prevention, or crime<br>policies. The questions are<br>therefore unable to specifially refer<br>to these aspects|,<br> <br>n/a|
|,<br>flexibility to avoid<br>conflicts<br>(including inter-<br>personal violence)<br>and to withstand,<br>bounce back from,<br>or absorb the<br>impacts of<br>exogenous shocks<br>over time|Withstand, bounce<br>back and absorb<br>impacs of shocks over<br>time<br>|Variables capturing the availability<br>of resources and strategies to cope<br>with different types of shocks<br>(savings, migration, selling of<br>assets, transfers, and so forth)<br>Variables reflecting the outcomes<br>of preventive and coping strategies<br>like experiences of food insecurity,<br>mortality/morbidity, forced<br>displacement as the result of the<br>shock<br>|<br>Most surveys will ask for<br>individual and household coping<br>strategies as a specific module,<br>asking for both idiosincratic<br>shocks as well as systematic shocks<br>Strategies also asked for positive as<br>well as negative coping strategies<br>(for example, hazardous work or<br>dropping children out of school).<br> <br> <br>Food insecurity is typically asked<br>and depending on the shock, for<br>example, COVID, issues of<br>mortality and morbidity.<br>Displacement is also typically<br>asked although unclear whether<br>voluntary or forced, or rather,<br>preventive or coping strategies.|.<br> <br>Share of households with computer, mobile phone,<br>washing machine, motorcycle; Received domestic<br>remittances in the past year; share of households<br>with several sources of incomes<br>Share of population that has gone without enough<br>food|
|Process legitimacy|Acceptance of<br>r diin|Individuals are asked for specific<br>lii rrm r tm|Generally speaking there are no<br>variables asking for perceptions of<br>fairness, except for some rare<br>questions on whether the||
|<br>captures the<br>processes by which<br>policies or<br>programs are<br>designed and<br>implemented<br>within the context<br>of existing norms<br>and values, such<br>that the decisions<br>made and carried<br>|pocesses, ecsos<br>and outcomes<br>regardless of specific<br>benefits to an<br>indiviudal or group.<br>Acceptance is based<br>fundamentally on the<br>notion of being fair<br> <br>|poces, pogas, o oucoes,<br>not whether they are satisfied or<br>trust those responsible for them,<br>but whether they feel they are fair.<br>Crticially, it should refer to specific<br>outcomes or policies and not<br>simply a broad acceptance of an<br>authority|<br>individual think the distribution of<br>incomes is fair. This is more of an<br>outcome resulting from many<br>policies than a particular policy<br>itself. More frequently, there are<br>indicators about the general<br>satisfaction with government<br>effectiveness or, in some cases,<br>with some sectoral disaggregation,<br>although much more rare.|<br> <br>**Voice**: Share of people who voted in most recent<br>national elections; share of population that thinks<br>they have freedom of speech;<br>**Accountability**: World Governance Indicators;<br>**Citizen engagement**: World Governance<br>Indicators.|
|out are considered|||||
|fair, credible, and<br>|||||
|acceptable by all<br>members and<br>groups of a given<br>community or<br>society.<br>Source: Own e|Legitimacy is<br>anchored on current<br>norms and values so<br>policies are carried<br>out in a concrete<br>context<br>laboration|Indicators of legitimacy capture the<br>social norms and values that<br>defines a particular society in a<br>given time|<br>Indicators avaialble typically<br>capture gendered norms and<br>values such as gender<br>discrimination, and much less<br>norms related to other vulnerable<br>groups such as (integration of)<br>migrants and displaced<br>populations, (discrimination of)<br>ethnic, religious or sexual<br>minorities|**Social norms**: Share of people who agrees is a<br>problem if women have more income than men;<br>when jobs are scare, men should have more rights<br>than women; share of women who are chief wage<br>earner in the household;|

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