|**_Table 4_**<br>Country|**_: Conti_**<br>Year|**_nued_**<br>Model<sup>a</sup>||||Param<br>|eters<sup>b</sup><br>|||Compa<br>|rison fit stat|istics<sup>c</sup>||Predi|ctions<sup>d</sup>||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||ac<br>�||bc<sup>�</sup>||pc<br>�|qc<br>�|ln L|_AIC_|_BIC_|_Mean_|_Gini_|_MLD_|_Theil_|
|Niger|2011|GB2|1.324|(0.219)|0.730|(0.123)|0.760|(0.160)<br>1.547|(0.425)|<br>-1,896.8|3,801.6|3,826.3|0.706|0.617|0.826|0.816|
|||D|1.701|(0.059)|0.593|(0.046)|0.562|(0.041)|—|<br>-1,899.1*|3,804.2|3,822.7|0.753|0.641|0.889|1.010|
|||SM|1.077|(0.042)|0.903|(0.154)||—<br>2.254|(0.268)|-1,898.3|3,802.6|3,821.2|0.690|0.608|0.801|0.747|
|Niger|2014|GB2|1.417|(0.260)|0.601|(0.105)|0.745|(0.174)<br>1.373|(0.412)|-1,513.5|10,980.1|11,004.5|0.658|0.614|0.802|0.832|
|||D|1.704|(0.061)|0.523|(0.046)|0.597|(0.051)|—|-1,514.7|11,003.5|11,021.8|0.692|0.633|0.852|0.986|
|||SM|1.134|(0.054)|0.726|(0.135)||—<br>2.029|(0.276)|-1,515.1|11,036.2|11,054.5|0.602|0.602|0.771|0.744|
|Nigeria|2004|GB2|1.537|(0.125)|3.480|(0.253)|0.588|(0.060)<br>1.271|(0.177)|-35,254.4|70,516.9|70,547.8|3.336|0.620|0.857|0.841|
|||D|1.785|(0.039)|3.170|(0.097)|0.490|(0.017)|—|-35,258.6*|70,523.2|70,546.4|3.436|0.630|0.886|0.926|
|||SM|1.040|(0.015)|4.672|(0.448)||—<br>2.411|(0.176)|-35,282.6*|70,571.1|70,594.3|3.257|0.613|0.828|0.756|
|Rwanda|2014|GB2|1.170|(0.085)|0.725|(0.037)|1.311|(0.140)<br>1.408|(0.162)|-17,327.9|34,663.8|34,694.1|1.586|0.658|0.871|1.137|
|||D|1.448|(0.019)|0.677|(0.025)|0.984|(0.034)|—|-17,334.1*|34,674.1|34,696.8|1.757|0.692|0.972|1.520|
|||SM|1.410|(0.023)|0.709|(0.030)||—<br>1.060|(0.039)|-17,332.7*|34,671.3|34,694.0|1.689|0.680|0.936|1.382|
|Tanzania|2009|GB2|0.788|(0.153)|1.041|(0.340)|1.797|(0.522)<br>3.136|(1.209)|-2,619.5|5,246.9|5,271.0|0.995|0.629|0.834|0.827|
|||D|1.461|(0.045)|0.577|(0.053)|0.788|(0.061)|—|-2,630.0*|5,266.1|5,284.1|1.231|0.701|1.041|1.521|
|||SM|1.180|(0.045)|0.729|(0.103)||—<br>1.509|(0.154)|-2,623.7*|5,253.4|5,271.4|1.060|0.653|0.901|1.028|
|Tanzania|2013|GB2|0.861|(0.139)|1.222|(0.266)|1.819|(0.433)<br>2.691|(0.824)|-5,822.1|11,652.2|11,677.9|1.484|0.614|0.768|0.796|
|||D|1.485|(0.034)|0.799|(0.058)|0.881|(0.056)|—|-5,833.7*|11,673.5|11,692.8|1.791|0.682|0.952|1.404|
|||SM|1.305|(0.045)|0.934|(0.098)||—<br>1.296|(0.107)|-5,828.7*|11,663.4|11,682.7|1.608|1.608|0.852|1.053|
|Uganda|2005|GB2|2.197|(0.225)|0.566|(0.020)|0.697|(0.092)<br>0.604|(0.081)|-7,951.0|15,910.0|15,937.5|1.719|0.702|0.975|1.955|
|||D|1.538|(0.028)|0.580|(0.026)|1.110|(0.051)|—|-7,960.1*|15,926.3|15,946.9|1.436|0.643|0.798|1.191|
|||SM|1.692|(0.036)|0.552|(0.023)||—<br>0.851|(0.038)|-7,955.9*|15,917.8|15,938.5|1.541|0.667|0.863|1.441|

# _Source:_ World Bank.

a. GB2 = generalized beta II; D = Dagum; AIC = Akaike information criteria; BIC = Bayesian information criteria; MLD = mean log deviation; SM = Singh-Maddala.

# b. Numbers in parentheses: estimated standard errors.

c. Asterisks placed next to the log-likelihood values of the Dagum and/or the Singh-Maddala distribution indicate that the improvement gained in adding a further parameter is of practical significance at the 5 percent level.

d. Analytic values obtained by substituting the estimated parameters into the relevant expressions—the formulas for the generalized beta II, Dagum, and Singh-Maddala distributions can be found in Kleiber and Kotz (2003, ch. 6) and Jenkins (2009).

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