protectionism, it seems wasteful for developing countries in particular to use scarce governmental resources administering the more complex form of what are similarly protectionist policies.

# **References**

Belderbos, René (1997) “Antidumping and Tariff Jumping: Japanese Firms’ DFI in the European Union and the United States,” _Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv_ 133(3): 419-457.

Blonigen, Bruce A. (2002) “Tariff-Jumping Antidumping Duties,” _Journal of International Economics_ 57: 31-50.

- Blonigen,, Bruce A. and Chad P. Bown (2003)  “Antidumping and Retaliation Threats,” _Journal of International Economics_ 60(2): 249-273.

- Blonigen, Bruce A., and Yuka Ohno (1998) “Endogenous Protection, Foreign Direct Investment, and Protection-Building Trade,” _Journal of International Economics_ 46: 205-227.

- Blonigen, Bruce A. and Thomas J. Prusa (2003)  “Antidumping,” in E. Kwan Choi and James Harrigan (eds.) _Handbook of International Trade_ Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.

- Bown, Chad P. (forthcoming, a) “China’s WTO Entry: Antidumping, Safeguards, and Dispute Settlement,” in Robert Feenstra and Shang-Jin Wei (eds.) _China’s Growing Role in World Trade_ . Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press for NBER.

- Bown, Chad P. (forthcoming, b) _Self-Enforcing Trade: Developing Countries and WTO Dispute Settlement_ . Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

- Bown, Chad P. (2009a) “Protectionism Is on the Rise: Antidumping Investigations,” in Richard Baldwin and Simon Evenett (eds.) _The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20_ . VoxEU.org e-book, 5 March.

- Bown, Chad P. (2009b) “U.S.-China Trade Conflicts and the Future of the WTO,” _Fletcher Forum of World Affairs_ 33(1): 27-48.

- Bown, Chad P. (2005) “Trade Remedies and World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement: Why Are So Few Challenged?” _Journal of Legal Studies_ 34(2): 515-555.

- Bown, Chad P. (2004) “How Different Are Safeguards from Antidumping? Evidence from U.S. Trade Policies toward Steel,” Brandeis University manuscript.

- Bown, Chad P. and Meredith A. Crowley (2007) “Trade Deflection and Trade Depression,” _Journal of International Economics_ 72(1): 176-201.

- Bown, Chad  P. and Meredith A. Crowley (2006) “Policy Externalities: How U.S. Antidumping Affects Japanese Exports to the E.U.,” _European Journal of Political Economy_ 22(3): 696-714.

- Bown, Chad P. and Meredith A. Crowley (2005) “Safeguards,”  in Patrick F.J. Macrory, Arthur E. Appleton, and Michael G. Plummer (eds.) _The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis_ .  New York: Springer.

- Bown, Chad P. and Rachel McCulloch (2003) “Nondiscrimination and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards,” _World Trade Review_ 2(3): 327-348.

- Durling, James P. and Prusa, Thomas J. (2006) “The Trade Effects Associated with an Antidumping Epidemic: The Hot-Rolled Steel Market, 1996-2001,” _European Journal of Political Economy_ 22(3): 675-95.

Durling, James P. and Thomas J. Prusa (2003) “Using Safeguard Protection to Raise Domestic Rivals' Costs,” _Japan and the World Economy_ 15(1): 47-68.

- Feinberg, Robert M. and Kara M. Reynolds (2006) “The Spread of Antidumping Regimes and the Role of Retaliation in Filings.” _Southern Economic Journal_ , 72(4): 877-890.

- Hoekman, Bernard M. and Michael P. Leidy (1992) “Cascading Contingent Protection,” _European Economic Review_ 36(4): 883-892.

- Irwin, Douglas A. (2005) “The Rise of U.S. Antidumping Activity in Historical Perspective,” _The World Economy_ 28: 651-668.

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