- <u>Table 3: FIML estimation of the migration choice part of the system (1 3)</u>

|_Base category: No Migration_<br>**Domestic M**|**igration**|**Internationa**|**l Migration**|
|---|---|---|---|
|Coefficient|_Std. Error _|Coefficient|_Std. Error _|
|Share of domestic migrants in district, 1995<br>1.059<sup>***</sup>|_0.285_|-0.418<br>|_0.333_|
|Share of international migrants in a ward, 2001<br>0.165|_0.228_|1.266<sup>***</sup>|_0.192_|
|_Household Demographics (before migration)_<br>||||
|Household size<br>0.158<sup>***</sup>|_0.017_|0.127<sup>***</sup>|_0.016_|
|Share of children 0-3:_Omitted variable_||||
|Share of children 4-7<br>-0.192|_0.371_|0.162<br>|_0.330_|
|Share of children 8-15<br>-0.058|_0.272_|-0.416<sup>*</sup>|_0.248_|
|Share of men 16-64<br>1.156<sup>***</sup><br>|_0.331_|0.236<br>|_0.329_|
|Share of women 16-64<br>1.996<sup>***</sup>|_0.283_|1.312<sup>***</sup>|_0.265_|
|Share of elderly<br>2.952<sup>***</sup>|_0.345_|0.932<sup>***</sup>|_0.357_|
|<br>Number of married couples<br>-0.379<sup>***</sup>|_0.051_|-0.089<sup>*</sup>|_0.049_|
|Maximum education of women in the household<br>0.005|_0.026_|0.024|_0.025_|
|_Ethnicity: Reference Category:_Brahman \ Chhetri||||
|Dalit<br>-0.268<sup>**</sup>|_0.119_|0.021|_0.101_|
|Newar<br>-0.244<sup>**</sup>|_0.106_|-0.452<sup>***</sup>|_0.124_|
|Terai-Hill Janajatis<br>-0.161<sup>**</sup><br>|_0.074_|-0.107|_0.072_|
|Muslim \ Other Minorities<br>-0.281<sup>***</sup>|_0.085_|-0.103|_0.080_|
|_Land holdings a year ago: Reference Category:_No farm plot||||
|Farm plot < 0.5 ha<br>-0.061<br>|_0.078_|0.036|_0.077_|
|Farm plot 0.5-1 ha<br>-0.247<sup>***</sup>|_0.096_|-0.100|_0.091_|
|Farm plot: 1-2 ha<br>-0.144|_0.107_|-0.029|_0.102_|
|Farm plot > 2 ha<br>-0.156|_0.132_|-0.192|_0.132_|
|_Lagged durable asset index: Reference Category:_No durables||||
|Asset poor (1 – 33<sup>th</sup>percentile)<br>0.057|_0.073_|-0.135<sup>*</sup>|_0.071_|
|<br>(33<sup>th</sup>- 66<sup>th</sup>percentile)<br>-0.056|_0.077_|-0.141<sup>*</sup>|_0.075_|
|Asset rich (66<sup>th</sup>– 100<sup>th</sup>percentile)<br>-0.324<sup>***</sup>|_0.096_|-0.139|_0.091_|
|<br>Total pensions per capita<br>-0.015|_0.012_|0.016<sup>*</sup>|_0.008_|
|_Geography dummies: Reference Category:_Katmandu||||
|Other urban areas<br>0.702<sup>***</sup><br>|_0.145_|0.565<sup>***</sup><br>|_0.155_|
|Rural west mount/hills<br>0.563<sup>***</sup>|_0.190_|1.042<sup>***</sup>|_0.193_|
|Rural eastern mount/hills<br>0.574<sup>***</sup>|_0.173_|0.479<sup>***</sup>|_0.184_|
|Rural western Terai<br>0.655<sup>***</sup>|_0.184_|0.739<sup>***</sup>|_0.189_|
|Rural eastern Terai<br>0.807<sup>***</sup>|_0.167_|0.838<sup>***</sup>|_0.175_|
|Log of distance to market center<br>-0.041|_0.027_|-0.015|_0.025_|
|_Ward level variables_<br>||||
|% illiterate, among age 15+<br>-0.544<sup>*</sup>|_0.312_|0.029|_0.307_|
|% literate or 1-4 years of education<br>-0.556|_0.463_|0.416|_0.448_|
|<br>% completed 5-7 years of education<br>-0.197|_0.511_|0.405|_0.495_|
|<br>% employed in wage job<br>-0.053|_0.358_|0.481|_0.315_|
|<br>% self employed<br>0.549<sup>**</sup>|_0.216_|-0.031|_0.198_|
|<br>Log of average household expenditure, 1995<br>0.063|_0.108_|0.131|_0.105_|
|Gini coefficient, 1995<br>0.022|_0.464_|-0.916<sup>**</sup>|_0.435_|
|Casualties from conflict, district level<br>-0.024|_0.053_|-0.036|_0.048_|
|Constant<br>-3.169<sup>***</sup>|_1.048_|-3.556<sup>***</sup>|_1.023_|
|Number of observations|3|620||
|Log-Likelihood|-42|66.64||

Note:<sup>*</sup> is significant at 10% level;<sup>**</sup> at 5% level;<sup>***</sup> at 1% level;<sup>♣</sup> indicates joint significance of coefficients at 10% level.

34