a time-decay in effects, with program impacts decreasing over time in both magnitude and statistical significance.<sup>34</sup> Table 5: Medium-term impacts on outcome indexes

|_Dep. Var. (Y):_|_Global _|_index_|_Know_|_ledge_|_Gender n_|_orms/roles_|_VAW a_|_ttitudes_|_Beliefs o_|_thers’ attit._|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|(9)|(10)|
||ITT|ToT|ITT|ToT|ITT|ToT|ITT|ToT|ITT|ToT|
|Drama|0.046||-0.031||0.086<sup>_∗∗_</sup>||0.028||0.042||
||(0.035)||(0.061)||(0.042)||(0.068)||(0.089)||
|Documentary|0.028||0.026||0.035||0.015||0.097||
||(0.034)||(0.060)||(0.040)||(0.072)||(0.085)||
|Play Drama||0.061||-0.041||0.114<sup>_∗∗_</sup>||0.037||0.056|
|||(0.045)||(0.079)||(0.054)||(0.088)||(0.115)|
|Play Documentary||0.056||0.053||0.070||0.030||0.197|
|||(0.068)||(0.118)||(0.080)||(0.144)||(0.169)|
|Controls|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|✓|
|R-squared|0.537|0.542|0.129|0.129|0.480|0.485|0.290|0.292|0.074|0.079|
|P-value equal coef.|0.583|0.929|0.367|0.386|0.191|0.520|0.856|0.958|0.529|0.342|
|Observations|619|619|619|619|619|619|619|619|619|619|
|Wald F-stat||116.9||116.9||116.9||116.9||116.9|
|Mean Y (Control)|-0.019|-0.019|0.018|0.018|-0.028|-0.028|-0.033|-0.033|-0.049|-0.049|
|SD Y (Control)|0.530|0.530|0.628|0.628|0.594|0.594|0.839|0.839|0.903|0.903|

Notes: Heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors in parentheses. The Global index is composed by indexes for individuals’ knowledge, gender norms/roles and VAW attitudes; excluding individuals beliefs on others’ attitudes. Higher values of the indexes in (1) to (8) stand for more progressive stances. The index "Beliefs on others’ attitudes" reported in (9) and (10) takes higher values when the respondents believe that a larger share (out of 10) of their closest Facebook friends have progressive attitudes. Controls are described in the notes to Table 2. Independent variables Play Drama and Play Documentary take value 1 if the respondent has played half or more of the assigned video clips, as objectively recorded by the bot. These variables are instrumented using the random assignment indicators to the treatment groups. The first-stage Wald F-statistic is reported. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 For treatment 1, we only observe statistically significant effects for the index for attitudes toward gender norms/roles. The medium-term ITT estimate indicates an increase of 0.15 standard deviations with respect to the control, approximately three-fourths of the short-term magnitude. The ToT estimate indicates that the effect of the treatment on those who played half or more of the series is 0.19 SDs. For treatment 2, similar to our short-term results, we see no statistical effects on topic indexes and the global index. Interestingly, the social norms index is no longer negative (as in the short-term survey), though the effect is not statistically significant. Finally, Annex Tables A16 shows that using indexes constructed with principal component analysis yields quantitatively similar results.

Annex Tables A10 to A13 present ITT results for the individual outcomes that compose the above topic indexes. Results are consistent with the time-decay explanation, with the size of

> 34Because the short- and medium-term panels have very similar sample sizes (n=606 and 619 respectively), a larger sample size would be required to statistically detect the smaller effect sizes observed in the medium term survey.

21