# <u>Table A13 (continued)</u>

|||**Extra**<br>(<br>_Monthly_|**version**<br>4)<br> _earnings_<br>|||**Emotiona**<br>(5<br>_Monthly_|**l stability**<br>)<br>_earnings_<br>|||<br>_Monthl_|**Grit**<br>(6)<br>_yearnings_<br>||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||_M_|_ean_|_Me_|_dian_|_M_|_ean_|_Me_|_dian_|_M_|_ean_|_M_|_edian_|
|Years of schooling (a1)|3.39***|1.20|2.21***|0.81|3.08***|0.90|1.89***|1.08|3.05**|0.95|1.65***|0.55|
||(1.16)|(1.05)|(0.65)|(0.79)|(1.18)|(1.04)|(0.49)|(0.78)|(1.16)|(1.09)|(0.63)|(0.83)|
|Cognitive skills (a2)|6.35|2.18|6.97**|-0.73|5.84|2.43|5.68**|-1.10|6.60|2.65|7.24***|-0.078|
||(4.79)|(5.02)|(2.71)|(3.83)|(4.75)|(5.00)|(2.33)|(3.63)|(4.72)|(5.00)|(2.79)|(3.74)|
|SEM skills (a3)|-0.32|4.55|0.48|4.60**|11.5***|9.98***|7.98***|5.26**|10.6***|6.90|14.1***|12.5***|
||(3.12)|(2.93)|(2.11)|(2.28)|(4.06)|(3.60)|(1.84)|(2.52)|(3.87)|(4.22)|(2.00)|(2.66)|
|Out Village (a4)||8.93||37.0**||7.13||36.1**||6.65||31.9***|
|||(21.8)||(16.2)||(21.6)||(16.1)||(22.1)||(11.8)|
|Interaction YrsSchooling and Out Village (b1)||8.97***||4.48***||9.21***||4.28**||9.14***||4.86***|
|||(2.50)||(1.74)||(2.52)||(1.70)||(2.54)||(1.32)|
|Interaction Cog and Out Village (b2)||-3.70||16.0**||-5.66||14.2**||-4.66||13.3***|
|||(11.4)||(6.67)||(11.2)||(6.39)||(11.3)||(4.25)|
|Interaction SEM and Out Village (b3)||-8.54||-5.11||-1.93||-1.00||-1.07||-7.99|
|||(7.28)||(4.89)||(8.28)||(5.33)||(8.17)||(5.23)|
|Constant|41.8***|33.7***|22.7|20.6|43.9***|34.5***|22.2|19.2|45.6***|34.8***|31.9|24.8|
||(9.76)|(9.51)|(67.6)|(36.5)|(9.56)|(9.40)|(69.2)|(62.0)|(9.57)|(9.64)|(72.8)|(45.7)|
|Observations|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|1978|
|R-squared|0.040|0.12|0.031|0.085|0.050|0.13|0.034|0.086|0.050|0.12|0.041|0.089|
|Median/Mean dependent|134.7|134.7|115.4|115.4|134.7|134.7|115.4|115.4|134.7|134.7|115.4|115.4|
|<br>a1+b1=0||10.17***||5.29***||10.10***||5.35***||10.09***||5.40***|
|||(2.47)||(1.58)||(2.52)||(1.55)||(2.49)||(1.09)|
|a2+b2=0||<br>-1.52||<br>15.31***||<br>-3.24||<br>13.06**||<br>-2.01||<br>13.27***|
|||(10.12)||(5.58)||(9.81)||(5.37)||(9.99)||(2.41)|
|a3+b3=0||-3.99||-0.51||8.04||4.25||5.83||4.53|
|||(6.95)||(4.33)||(8.17)||(4.72)||(6.69)||(4.52)|

* p<.10  ** p<.05  *** p<.01

_Notes_ . This table reports estimates of the relationships between schooling, skills, migration, and earnings for men in Pakistan. The dependent variable “monthly earnings” is the raw monthly earnings for median regressions; they are top-coded at 100,000 PKR per month (961.5 USD) for mean regressions. The cognitive index is the mean of the Urdu, Mathematics, and English scores computed using Item Response Theory with a two-parameter logistic (2PL) model. The items included in the model are those from the paper test and the tablet-based computer-adaptive test (leaving out items that less than 50 respondents answered and items that less than 5% or more than 95% of respondents solved correctly). The socioemotional (SEM) skills index is computed using principal-component factor analysis on the Grit items for the Grit column. The SEM index is computed using principal-component factor analysis on the openness to experience, agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability sub-scales of the Big Five for the respective columns. “Out of village” indicates whether the respondent lives outside the village where we initially surveyed their household (their natal village most of the time). The sample is all men who answered the direct version of the questionnaire in person. All the regressions include age and district fixed effects. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. The R-squared shown is the pseudo R-squared for median regressions and the adjusted R-squared for mean regressions.

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