# **Outcomes**

To analyze the impact of inflation on household livelihoods, our dependent variables are household level (and individual level) outcome indicators. The variables cover a range of household social and economic indicators, which can be calculated based on the panel data (waves 1, 2 and 4). Table 2 shows the sample for the analysis compared to the initial sample. The outcome variables are selected from the following five categories: poverty, education, labor, hunger, and perceptions of welfare (Table 3).

Table 2: Sample size

||Initial Sample Size|Sample Size for the Analysis|
|---|---|---|
|Wave 1|3550|423|
|Wave 2|1189|423|
|Wave 4|944|423|

Source: High Frequency South Sudan Survey Table 3: Outcomes variables

|**Variable**|**Description**|
|---|---|
|**Poverty **||
|Poor or non-poor|Whether the household is poor or not based on the $1.90 2011 PPP poverty line|
|Consumption|Householdconsumption expenditure in real terms|
|**Education**||
|School attendance|Whether children aged between 6-13 years and between 14-18 years are currently<br>attending school|
|**Labor**<sup>**4**</sup>||
|Labor force participation rate|The ratio of the active in the labor force to the total working age population (15-64 years)|
|Employment rate|A person is employed if he/she is of working age and has engaged in one form of<br>employment activity.<sup>5</sup><br>The employment rate is the number of persons in employment as a percentage of the<br>total labor force.|
|Unemployment rate|A person is unemployed if he/she is of working age, is not in employment during the<br>reference period, and has been seeking employment over the past 4 weeks.<br>The unemployment rate is the number of persons in unemployment as a percentage of<br>the total labor force.|
|Outside the labor force/or<br>inactivity|A person is outside the labor force (or “inactive”) if he/she is of working-age and<br>neither employed nor unemployed, according to the preceding definitions. An inactive<br>person is not necessarily idle, especially in the context of a developing economy. The<br>data breaks this group down into those who are inactive because they do household<br>work, those who are enrolled in education, those who are discouraged, etc.|
|**Hunger**||

4 The labor market statistics presented in this paper follow closely the international standard set as per the International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). There are two key reference periods: (a) the short observation period defined as 7 days, and (b) the long observation period defined as 12 months. Following ILO guidelines, statistics are reported for the short observation period unless explicitly stated. All persons aged 15-64 are defined as being of working age.

5 The five employment activities are: (i) working as an apprentice, (ii) working on the household’s farm, raising livestock, hunting or fishing, (iii) conducting paid or commissioned work, (iv) running a business of any size for oneself or for the household, (v) helping in a household business of any size. The definition further includes persons who are temporarily absent from their work due to training or working time arrangements such as overtime leave, and paid interns. Note that the definition excludes household work.

5