or considered ascribed, in contrast to those that are not and that may mediate the relationship between social origins and occupational destinations.

Our findings, in this regard, complement this description. The social origin of youths and their provider's cognitive abilities, considered ascribed variables, have an important impact on the youths’ occupational destination through their effect on youths’ cognitive abilities, education and first occupation. Nonetheless, these non-ascribed variables, as a whole, affect the status of the youths’ current occupation even more than the ascribed variables. Among non-ascribed factors, the youth’s education is the determinant factor of greatest strength, followed by the youths’ first occupation and their cognitive abilities.

In summary, the disadvantageous social origins of these youths continue to represent an obstacle to them in achieving their best labor insertion, which may help explain the high rates of occupational inheritance. However, more and better education, entering first employment at an older age, a better first occupation and greater cognitive abilities of youths, may have important effects towards improving their occupational destination and promoting upward mobility, as well as equality in labor opportunities.

The study of occupational attainment through subgroups allows us to emphasize some relevant differences. In comparisons with men, women experienced stronger effects of social origin on their occupational attainment, which are compensated by also experiencing greater effects from education. This contributes towards understanding the higher rates of upward mobility and greater social fluidity of women, which, as a whole, suggests a greater equality in labor opportunities among studied females. Nonetheless, gender segregation in the labor market is also at stake, encouraging women to leave the agricultural occupation at a greater proportion than men. Furthermore, as mentioned above, a greater labor status for women does not necessarily correspond to greater labor income, given the gender inequality in labor remunerations. A greater occupational inheritance of men may be related to the higher effect of their first occupation on the occupational destination, which would hint towards a lower mobility within their own labor trajectory.

In relation to the subgroups of different ethnic backgrounds, the similarities in absolute mobility and the evidence that points towards an absence of differences in relative mobility are consistent with the similarity of the process of occupational attainment in both subgroups. It is remarkable that no important differences in these aspects were found between both subgroups. It could be thought that, when analyzing the population living in conditions of extreme poverty, that ethnic differentiation plays a less important role than when in comparison to at a national level. On the other hand, this absence of differences may be considered as a favorable result, taking into account that, in comparison with non-indigenous, a greater proportion of indigenous population originates from and currently have their residence in localities with more adverse conditions.

The differences in the process of occupational attainment between youths that migrated from their localities of origin and those who reside in the same locality of their origin helps to explain the gap in their mobility rates and the higher social fluidity of migrants. It was observed that the 54