35

**Table 21:** _Exports to EU-25 of producer-driven networks in 1996, 2000-2004 (in million of US dollars and percent)_

||||||||Index<br>2004|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Producer-Driven Network(SITC Rev. 2)|1996|2000|2001|2002|2003|2004|2000=100|
|**Automobile Network**||||||||
|Total exports of auto & parts ($ mill.)|577|1,357|2,225|2,783|4,355|7,019|517|
|Share of parts in total auto network exports|54.6|52.1|42.9|38.8|32.3|24.9|48|
|Imports of auto & parts ($ mill.)|2,582|5,391|2,255|2,953|6,011|10,529|195|
|Share of parts in total auto network imports|46.7|37.5|63.6|62.6|47.3|45.0|120|
|Share of parts imports in total auto network exports<br>**_Memo Items:_**|208.8|149.1|64.5|66.4|65.3|67.5|45|
|Share of auto & parts in Turkey's all exports (%)|4.7|8.9|13.0|14.2|16.6|20.1|226|
|Share of EU25 in Turkey's total auto network exports|53.1|63.8|70.5|68.4|70.2|72.8|114|
|Share in EU25 external imports of auto & parts|1.6|2.9|4.6|5.5|7.0|8.8|303|
|of which: Parts|2.0|3.0|3.9|4.5|5.4|5.9|194|
|Auto,finalgoods (%)|1.2|2.8|5.4|6.5|8.3|11.2|402|
|**Information, Communication and Technology**<br>**Network(ICT)**||||||||
|Total exports of ICT network ($ mill.)|228|819|811|1,333|1,692|2,556|312|
|Share of parts in total ICT network exports (%)|6.4|2.2|3.9|1.8|2.7|2.2|97|
|Imports of ICT network ($ mill.)|1,212|3,780|1,822|2,032|2,298|2,979|79|
|Share of parts in total ICT network imports (%)<br>|40.5|29.3|45.2|52.5|55.3|51.3|175|
|Share of parts imports in total ICT network exports<br>(%)|215.6|135.0|101.5|80.1|75.1|59.7|44|
|**_Memo Items:_**||||||||
|Share of ICT network in Turkey's all exports|1.9|5.4|4.8|6.8|6.5|7.3|136|
|Share of EU25 in Turkey's total ICT network exports|69.8|81.3|77.4|83.5|85.5|87.2|107|
|Share in EU25 external imports of ICT network|0.3|0.6|0.7|1.1|1.1|1.2|206|
|of which: Parts (%)|0.1|0.1|0.1|0.1|0.1|0.1|160|
|ICT,finalgoods (%)|0.4|1.1|1.3|2.0|1.9|2.0|175|
|**Total Producer-Driven Networks**||||||||
|Share of total above networks in Turkey's all exports|6.6|14.3|17.8|21.1|23.1|27.4|192|
|Share of EU25 in total above network exports|57.0|69.5|72.2|72.6|73.9|76.2|110|
|Share in EU25 external|0.6|1.2|1.8|2.5|2.9|3.4|289|
|of which: Parts (%)|0.6|0.8|1.2|1.5|1.7|1.8|222|
|Finalgoods(%)|0.7|1.6|2.4|3.3|3.8|4.6|293|

Source: Computations based on UN COMTRADE Statistics.

Other features setting apart automotive from ICT network are, first, that there is a large number of local suppliers of automotive parts and components and, second, the network appears to be moving rapidly towards the status of a net exporter. Large increase in their exports notwithstanding, the surge in exports of final products failed to trigger similar growth in imports of parts and components. While the value of total exports of the automotive network increased 417 percent in 2000-04, imports of parts increased only 95 percent. Furthermore, the import intensity—as measured by the ratio of imports of parts to total automotive exports—of the automotive sectors has been falling rather steeply since 1996 and is lower than in the ICT network trade.<sup>19</sup> In trade with the EU the ratio fell from 3.04 in 1996 to 1.49 in 2000 and 0.68 in 2004, while in total trade of this network from 1.35 in 1995 and 2000 to 0.62 in 2004 (Table 22). Overall, exports as a percentage of imports increased steeply from 32 percent in 2000 to 87 percent in 2003. In other words, while in the 1990s imported parts were used among others to 19 Based on network trade intensities of EU-8 that successfully have entered into supply chains, the value of the share of imports of parts in network’s exports of parts and final products below 100 percent suggests significant involvement in division of production based on fragmentation (Kaminski and Ng, 2005).