Table 2 Characteristics of individuals and t-tests for differences in these characteristics

||Pu|blic sector|Priv|ate sector|t-Tests|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|_Earnings_||||||
|<br>Hourly wage in_Nu_|77.31|(3.01)|66.23|(4.46)|***|
|<br>_Labor market characteristics_||||||
|Regular paid employee|0.941|(0.010)|0.165|(0.021)|***|
|Casual paid employee|0.015|(0.004)|0.051|(0.009)|***|
|<br>Contract / piece paid worker|0.040|<br>(0.011)|0.036|<br>(0.005)||
|<br>Own-account worker|0.005|<br>(0.002)|0.748|<br>(0.024)|***|
|_Socio-demographic characteristics_||||||
|Urban|0.679|(0.048)|0.270|(0.045)|***|
|Female|0.228|<br>(0.012)|0.383|<br>(0.015)|***|
|Bhutanese|0.998|<br>(0.001)|0.995|<br>(0.002)||
|Potential experience|22.60|<br>(0.55)|31.88|<br>(0.71)|***|
|<br>_Education_||||||
|No formal education|0.227|(0.024)|0.648|(0.020)|***|
|Primary education|0.089|<br>(0.008)|0.082|<br>(0.006)||
|Lower secondary education|0.137|(0.009)|0.082|(0.005)|***|
|<br>Middle secondary education|0.170|<br>(0.010)|0.087|<br>(0.010)|***|
|<br>Higher secondary education|0.173|<br>(0.009)|0.056|<br>(0.009)|***|
|<br>Lower tertiary education|0.169|<br>(0.014)|0.040|<br>(0.007)|***|
|<br>Higher tertiary education|0.035|<br>(0.006)|0.005|<br>(0.001)|***|
|<br>_Industry_||||||
|<br>Agriculture, hunting and forestry|0.000|-|0.467|(0.031)|***|
|<br>Fishing|0.000|-|0.001|<br>(0.001)||
|Mining and quarrying|0.003|(0.002)|0.022|(0.008)|**|
|Manufacturing|0.047|(0.009)|0.133|(0.010)|***|
|<br>Electricity, gas and water supply|0.037|<br>(0.011)|0.005|<br>(0.001)|***|
|<br>Construction|0.024|<br>(0.011)|0.036|<br>(0.007)||
|Wholesale and retail trade|0.009|<br>(0.003)|0.157|<br>(0.011)|***|
|Hotels and restaurants|0.003|(0.002)|0.064|(0.010)|***|
|Transport and communications|0.018|(0.003)|0.066|(0.010)|***|
|Financial intermediation|0.039|(0.006)|0.001|(0.001)|***|
|Real estate and business activities|0.094|(0.015)|0.023|(0.003)|***|
|Public administration and defense|0.525|(0.027)|0.000|(0.000)|***|
|Education|0.111|(0.010)|0.005|(0.001)|***|
|Health and social work|0.057|<br>(0.007)|0.001|<br>(0.000)|***|
|Other service activities|0.031|<br>(0.006)|0.013|<br>(0.002)|***|
|Private households|0.000|<br>-|0.006|<br>(0.002)|***|
|_Fringe benefits_||||||
|<br>Gratuity|0.945|(0.013)|0.289|(0.035)|***|
|<br>Provident fund payments|0.949|<br>(0.014)|0.321|<br>(0.034)|***|
|<br>Overtime payments|0.957|<br>(0.013)|0.270|<br>(0.021)|***|
|<br>Paid annual leave|0.943|<br>(0.015)|0.443|<br>(0.032)|***|
|<br>Paid sick leave|<br>0.962|<br>(0.013)|<br>0.645|<br>(0.024)|<br>***|
|Paid casual leave|0.961|<br>(0.013)|0.628|<br>(0.025)|***|
|Paid maternity/paternity leave|0.960|<br>(0.014)|0.481|<br>(0.040)|***|
|Compensation for work accidents or|0965|0011|0326|0030|***|
|occupational diseases|.|(.)|.|(.)||
|Number of observations (unweighted)||3,180||3,382||
|Number of observations(weighted)||58,068|1|18,853||

_Notes_ : (1) The figures within the parentheses are linearized standard errors. (2) The symbols *, ** and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively. (3) Unless otherwise noted, weights have been used. (4) For fringe benefits, comparisons are for regular paid employees, casual paid employees and contract / piece paid workers in stateowned or private enterprises or only. (5) Location variables are not depicted.

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