- b) What are the economic activities that women perform and that they recognize as employment and therefore are declared and eventually registered in household surveys?

- c) What are the reasons - according to rural women - for which, certain activities that generate economic returns to the household are not considered to be employment?

- d) To what extent are "domestic production or activities" carried out by women (such as caring for children) that require a lot of time and effort a barrier to participation in economic activities?

Interview guides were piloted and adapted after the pilot experience to enhance the potential depth in data emerging from the interviews. Particular attention was paid to identifying and categorizing tasks performed by women that fall into the ICLS 19 definition of work and in the National Statistical Accounts (NSA) production boundary as shown in Figure 1. The activities inside the NSA production boundary are particularly important as they contribute to the measurements of national income, including gross domestic production. In line with ICLS 13, the 2015 EPHPM aimed to identify the activities in the NSA production boundary and included those as employment. At the same time, in 2018 the Honduran National Institute of Statistics (INE in Spanish) was in the process of adopting the ICLS 19 definition of work. Because of this, understanding which tasks were being performed by women and were likely being undercounted would be useful for the NSO.

|Figure 1. The ICLS 19 definition of work and the SNA 2008|
|---|

|Intended<br>destination<br>of<br>production|_For own f_|_inal use_|||_For use by_|_others_|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Forms<br>of|Productio|n work|Employment|Unpaid|Other|Vo|lunteer wo|rk|
|work|of services|of goods|(work for pay<br>or profit)|trainee<br>work|work<br>activities|In market<br>and non-<br>market<br>units|In hou<br>prod<br>goods|seholds<br>ucing<br>services|
|Relation<br>to|||Activities w|ith the NSA|Production Bo|undary|||
|2008 SNA|||Activities inside t|he SNA Gene|ral Productio|n Boundary|||

Source: ICLS (2013) Interviews were conducted between March – April 2018 in 6 communities in southern and western Honduras distributed across 5 departments (Figure 2). The research team partnered with the World Bank team for the Honduras Competitiveness COMRURAL Project<sup>13</sup> to facilitate access to the beneficiary communities (Western Zone) and soon-to-be beneficiary communities of the Corredor Seco Food Security Project<sup>14</sup> (Southern Zone). The Southern Zone, which includes communities in the departments of

> 13  The World Bank-supported _Rural Competitiveness Project for_ Honduras (COMRURAL) (2008-2020) aims to contribute to increased productivity and competitiveness among organized rural small-scale producers through their participation in productive alliances.  The project supports pre-investment activities to: (i) promote the project concept and outreach to the Rural Producer Organizations (RPOs), commercial partners and private financing entities; (ii) create and consolidate productive alliances among RPOs and commercial partners; (iii) identify potential business opportunities, including, inter alia, opportunities with respect to basic grains, on the part of the productive alliance; (iv) fully prepare the business opportunity into a business plan; and (v) build capacity among technical service providers to enhance the quality of their services provided to the productive alliances. The project also provides subproject grants to co-finance the implementation of approximately 150 feasible business plans formulated under the first component.

> 14 The World Bank-supported _Corredor Seco Food Security Project for Honduras_ (2015-2021) aims to enhance food and nutritional security of vulnerable households in selected areas of the _Corredor Seco_ , one of the most droughtstricken areas in Honduras, where 58 percent of children under the age of five suffer chronic malnutrition. The

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