with less inclusive policies.

Table 6: Heterogeneity on Attitudes Response by _de jure_ Policies

|VARIABLES|(1)<br>Attitudes<br>Event Regions|(2)<br>Attitudes<br>All Regions|(3)<br>IHS Income<br>All Regions|(4)<br>Attitudes<br>Event Regions|(5)<br>Attitudes<br>All Regions|(6)<br>IHS Income<br>All Regions|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Post-event: _≥_10,000 increase|0.035|0.005|-0.072||||
||(0.030)|(0.031)|(0.093)||||
|Post-event: _≥_10,000 increase*<br>Median Policy|-0.035|-0.002|0.009||||
||(0.036)|(0.037)|(0.129)||||
|Post-event: _≥_5,000 increase||||0.021|-0.030|-0.074|
|||||(0.025)|(0.026)|(0.073)|
|Post-event: _≥_5,000 increase*<br>Median Policy||||-0.041|-0.020|-0.093|
|||||(0.031)|(0.034)|(0.117)|
|IHS refugee population|-0.002|0.000|-0.003|-0.001|0.002|0.002|
||(0.005)|(0.005)|(0.014)|(0.005)|(0.004)|(0.012)|
|IHS region population|0.053|0.001|0.485|0.130|0.077|0.294|
||(0.279)|(0.185)|(0.716)|(0.180)|(0.120)|(0.322)|
|Observations|67,391|186,505|188,663|86,217|238,487|258,194|
|R-squared|0.092|0.129|0.368|0.100|0.122|0.382|
|Event FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Year FE|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|
|Country*Year FE|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|
|Never treated Regions|No|Yes|Yes|No|Yes|Yes|
|Dep Var Mean|0.620|0.631|7.357|0.619|0.624|7.283|
|Events|106|106|102|143|143|141|
|Years|12|12|10|12|12|10|
|Regions|97|547|531|128|644|628|
|Countries|33|33|32|39|39|38|

Notes: * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. The dependent variables are the attitudes towards immigrants question (columns 1, 2, 4 and 5), equal to 1 if the respondent answers yes to the question “is the city or area where you live a good place to live for immigrants from other countries?”, 0 for disagreement, and missing for blanks or refusals, and inverse hyperbolic transformation of per capita annual household income in international dollars (columns 3 and 5). Regional controls for the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of region population and refugee population at the year of the event, and individual controls for age, age squared, sex, educational level and city size were used. The sample includes individual respondents to the Gallup World Poll in region-years (columns 1 and 4) and country-years (columns 2, 3, 5 and 6) who were surveyed within 4 years before or after an event. An event is defined as a region with an increase of at least 10,000 refugees (rows 1 and 2) or 5,000 refugees (rows 3 and 4) in a calendar year. Results use the Gallup sampling weights and standard errors are clustered at the event level.

Figure 7 and Table 7 show heterogeneity on attitudes by the existence of camps. Figure 7 again shows the average attitudes in blue, with nearly flat pre-trends. The green line shows the attitudes in regions with camps with similar levels and lack of pre-trends. After the event, attitudes evolve similarly in regions with and without camps. This result is mirrored in Table 7, where the insignificant average positive effect again manifests in Columns 1 and 4 (for events of 10,000 and 5,000 refugee increases, respectively) with no statistically significant differential effect between regions with and without camps. Including less-affected regions and examining 31