# AMpendix B: Own- and cross-price effects

|Appendix Table B-l: Own- and cross-price effects o<br>Percentage point change in probability o<br>[percent change in probability of selecti<br>(predicted probability at means or sampl|n the probabil<br>f selecting a pr<br>ng a provider]<br>e percentage se|ity of provider c<br>ovider<br>lecting a provi|hosen: Result<br>der)|s from simulat|ion studies|Percent<br>deterred<br>who go to<br>private|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Nigeria<br>100% increase in public prices<br>Adults 16 and over|Pu<br>[2<br>f2<br>_(3_|blic<br>9]<br>9<br>_5)_|Pri<br>[1<br>1<br>(|vate<br>.91<br>9<br>13)|Self-care<br>[0.0]<br>00<br>_(52)_|100|
|Ghana<br>100%/e<br>increase in public fees|Pu<br>[1.<br>[1<br>(|blic<br>3<br>1.3]<br>4)|Pri<br>0<br>[1<br>(|vate<br>.3<br>191<br>14)|Self-care<br>0.2<br>[0.3]<br>(82)|60|
|Kenya (rural)<br>increase fees in govemment facilities from 0 to 10<br>Ksh (USS0.20 at 1980 exchange rate)<br>Adults 15 and over|Gove<br>-9<br>(-1<br>(5|rnment<br>.7<br>8.2]<br>4)|Mission<br>0.8<br>[20.9]<br>(4)|Private<br>2.8<br>[20.9]<br>(14)|Self-care<br>6.1<br>[20.91<br>(29)|37|
|Benin (rural)<br>10% increase in Community Health Center<br>(CHC) fees|Pub. Hosp.<br>-0.1<br>_[-1.5]_<br>(7)|CHC<br>-8.3<br>[-26.1]<br>(32)|Privat<br>5<br>[2<br>(1|e clinic<br>.1<br>9.1]<br>8)|Self-care<br>3.361<br>[7.5]<br>(44)||
|Pakistan (urban)<br>100% increase in govemment clinic price<br>Children 5 and under<br>(derived from reported arc elasticity)|Goverm<br>4<br>[-4<br>(9|ment<br>Clinic<br>.4<br>7.0]<br>)|Priv<br>chemist<br>0.72<br>(16)|Priv.<br>doctor<br>2.39<br>(57)|Selfcare<br>0.39<br>[2.2]<br>(18)|71|
|El Salvador (urban)<br>100% increase in fees in Ministry of Health<br>(MoH) facilities -Males|MoH fac.<br>-0.9<br>[-14.3]|Social sec.<br>0.0<br>[2.2]|Pri<br>0<br>[3|vate<br>.5<br>.4]|Self-care<br>0.5<br>[0.6]|56|
|(scaled fromareported 150% change)|(7)|(1)|(1|4)|(79)||
|El Salvador (urban)<br>100% increase in fees in Ministry of Health<br>(MoH) facilities - Females<br>|MoH fac.<br>-1.0<br>[-13.0]<br>|Social sec.<br>0.0<br>[3.2]<br>|Pri<br>_0_<br>[3<br>|vate<br>_.5_<br>.91<br>|Self-care<br>0.5<br>[0.5]<br>||
|(scaled from a reported ISO% change)|(8)|(1)|(1|4)|(78)||
|Bolivia (urban)<br>100% increase in fees in Ministry of Public<br>Health (MoPH) facilities<br>|MoPH fac.<br>-0.9<br>[-5.8]<br>|Social sec.<br>0.1<br>[1.3]<br>|NGO<br>0.1<br>[1.0]<br>|Private<br>0.2<br>[1. 1]<br>|Self-care<br>0.6<br>[1.2]<br>|33|
|Adults 16 and over|(15)|(8)|(10)|(19)|(48)||
|Bolivia (urban)<br>100%Me<br>increase in fees in Ministry of Public<br>Health (MoPH) facilities|MoPH fac.<br>0.1<br>[1.3]|Social sec.<br>0.0<br>[0.0]|NGO<br>0.0<br>[0.0]|Private<br>0.0<br>[0.0]|Self-care<br>-0.1<br>[-0.|O<br>0|
|<br>Children 15 and under|<br>(8)|<br>(2)|<br>(8)|<br>(8)|<br>(74)||
|Bolivia (urban)<br>100% increase in fees in Ministry of Public|MoPH fac.<br>0.4|Social sec.<br>-0.1|NGO<br>0.0|Private<br>0.0|Self-care<br>-0.4|O|
|<br>Health (MoPH) facilities|[4.8]|[5.0]|[0.0]|[0.0]|_[05]0_||
|<br>Children 4 and under|<br>(8)|<br>(2)|<br>(7)|<br>(6)|(77)||

Sources: Nigeria: Akin, Guilkey, and Denton (1995); Ghana: Lavy and Germain (1994); Kenya: Mwabu, Ainsworth, and Nyamete (1993); Benin: Bolduc, Lacroix and Muller (1996); Pakistan: Alderman and Gertler (1989); El Salvador: Bitran and McInnes (1993); Bolivia: li (1996).

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