The project is a collaborative effort between GFDRR and the Poverty GP. This component improves the understanding of how disasters and poverty are related, to be able to (i) effectively guide policy on how to strengthen resilience; (ii) capture synergies between risk management and poverty reduction.

While other components under TURP focused only on priority areas, the Disaster-Poverty survey included all of Dar es Salaam in the project design and analysis. Creating a baseline with data from the entire city enables comparison between priority areas and the rest of the city in terms of exposure, vulnerability and socioeconomic resilience. It allows the benefits from TURP interventions to be monitored, and can be used to inform the allocation and prioritization of future TURP investments and public policy.

# 2.2 Sampling and data collection

The selection of households in the survey design had two objectives. First, to select a sample that represents the population of Dar es Salaam and second, to interview enough people who had experienced floods to be able to detect patterns in their socio-economic characteristics.

A large enough sample size was selected to confidently represent the population of Dar es Salaam given the income level and income distribution. A database of all enumeration areas (EAs) in Dar es Salaam was provided as a sampling frame, by Tanzania’s National Bureau of Statistics. After data cleaning, it included 14,987 EAs. Sample size was chosen based on the combination of number of EAs and number of households per EA that produce acceptable relative standard errors (lower than 25%) given the budget constraint for data collection. We found that this could be obtained by selecting 105 EAs and 10 households per EA. Then, we randomly selected 10 households from each EA using satellite imagery. Later, we added 28 EAs to the original sample as part of an additional round of data collection. These were selected using a similar methodology with the objective to include more households from risk prone areas.

To capture enough households that had experienced floods, flood risk stratums were designed using the Ramani Huria community flood map. The community maps were created between 2015-2017 and used information from community members to identify flood prone areas. This generated a “flood prone tag,” which was used to categorize EAs into “no risk”, “low to medium risk” and “high risk” depending on how much of the area was covered by the tag. The city was divided into these three categories and this categorization was used to oversample in areas with flood risk. As a result, about 42.5% of households in the final sample are located in areas inside or adjacent to the flood prone tag (see Table 9 in Appendix 1 for sample selection by strata). The final sample includes a satisfactory number of households in flood prone areas, as well as low-risk areas to be able to draw statistically sound conclusions about the population. However, it is important to keep in mind that the uncertainty of being affected by a flood is higher in lowrisk areas, which represents a much larger section of the city.

In November and December 2017, data were collected from 1,058 selected households in Dar es Salaam, and in September 2018, 282 households were added to the original sample. Additional households were added to increase the number of data points located in high risk areas in order to improve precision in those areas and cover more affected households in the sample. All the selected households were randomly drawn within each EA using satellite imagery. Surveyors used GPS tags to locate the households and interviewed them using CAPI software on tablets. Participation in the survey was voluntary and not compensated.

## 2.2.1 Poverty assessment using Survey of Wellbeing via Instant and Frequent Tracking and Coping Strategy Index

The project assesses the relationship between poverty and disaster risk through the innovation of introducing a statistical estimation of household income. This is achieved through a rapid poverty 4