**<u>Table 6: Effect of reservation status on labor force participation by marital status and types of employment</u>**

|||<br>**Participatio**|<br>**n**||<br>**No. of days wo**|**rked**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Total**|**No NREGS**|**NREGS only**|**Total**|**No NREGS**|**NREGS only**|
|**Panel A: Married**|||||||
|Res. now (α1)|-0.012|-0.022|0.035|-0.089|-0.110|0.144|
||(0.022)|(0.023)|(0.035)|(0.103)|(0.100)|(0.126)|
|Res. before (α2)|-0.037*|-0.012|-0.033|-0.143|-0.035|-0.166|
||(0.022)|(0.023)|(0.041)|(0.112)|(0.107)|(0.152)|
|Res now × fem (β1)|<br>0.038|<br>0.036|<br>0.008|<br>0.152|<br>0.154|<br>0.050|
||(0.042)|(0.042)|(0.049)|(0.200)|(0.186)|(0.183)|
|Res. before × fem (β2)|<br>0.128***|<br>0.074*|<br>0.204***|<br>0.621***|<br>0.340*|<br>0.779***|
||(0.042)|(0.041)|(0.067)|(0.219)|(0.174)|(0.265)|
|Observations|<br>50,872|<br>37,258|<br>50,872|<br>50,872|<br>37,258|<br>50,872|
|R-squared|0.284|0.335|0.247|0.417|0.461|0.249|
|<br>Dep. Var Mean|0.804|0.738|0.285|3.866|3.544|0.913|
|**Test:**|||||||
|F test (α1+α2=0; p val)|0.0539|0.217|0.968|0.0979|0.255|0.911|
|<br>F test (β1+β2=0; p val)|0.000632|0.0302|0.0195|0.00339|0.0337|0.0204|
|F test (α1+ β1=0; p val)|0.272|0.536|0.156|0.576|0.665|0.0714|
|F test (α2+ β2=0; p val)|0.000195|0.0223|1.10e-05|0.000151|0.0165|2.89e-05|
|<br>F test (α1+β1+α2+β2=0; p val)|1.70e-05|0.00742|3.16e-05|0.000126|0.00606|3.55e-05|
|<br>**Panel B: Unmarried**|||||||
|Res. now (α1)|-0.028*|-0.031*|0.005|-0.184**|-0.191**|0.018|
||(0.016)|(0.017)|(0.019)|(0.093)|(0.095)|(0.066)|
|Res. before (α2)|<br>-0.003|<br>0.007|<br>0.015|<br>0.013|<br>0.047|<br>0.032|
||(0.019)|(0.017)|(0.020)|(0.109)|(0.099)|(0.072)|
|Res now × fem (β1)|0.024|0.017|0.030|0.195|0.159|0.130|
||(0.026)|(0.023)|(0.026)|(0.133)|(0.109)|(0.102)|
|Res. before × fem (β2)|0.070**|0.040|0.052|0.317*|0.221*|0.210|
||(0.033)|(0.026)|(0.035)|(0.168)|(0.132)|(0.140)|
|Observations|<br>15,490|<br>14,197|<br>15,490|<br>15,490|<br>14,197|<br>15,490|
|R-squared|0.272|0.282|0.269|0.300|0.305|0.295|
|<br>Dep. Var Mean|0.603|0.545|0.146|2.864|2.593|0.494|
|<br>**Test:**|||||||
|F test (α1+α2=0; p val)|0.194|0.260|0.403|0.193|0.196|0.588|
|<br>F test (β1+β2=0; p val)|0.0322|0.0657|0.0676|0.0237|0.0158|0.0648|
|<br>F test (α1+ β1=0; p val)|0.839|0.475|0.0955|0.921|0.743|0.0503|
|F test (α2+ β2=0; p val)|0.00349|0.0179|0.00921|0.00829|0.0129|0.0119|
|F test (α1+β1+α2+β2=0; p val)|0.0296|0.181|0.00113|0.0227|0.0629|0.00143|

_Note:_ ‘Reserved now’ and ‘reserved before’ are indicator variables of whether village panchayats are reserved in the current or the previous panchayat periods and the sample is limited to those who worked under NREGS. Control variables included throughout but coefficients on which are not reported include household size, composition, land ownership, and the head’s marital status, gender, age, and education; village-level access to road, distance to town and district HQ, population, share of SCs, STs, and key religions; years since the last village election; _pradhan_ characteristics (education, caste, religion, previous tenure and candidacy for office) and for individual-level regressions individuals’ gender, marital status, age, education and their squared terms. Standard errors are clustered at panchayat level. Robust standard errors reported in parentheses and multiple hypotheses tests are adjusted using the Bonferroni method *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.10.

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