||||indicating the best performance. For each economy the ranking is<br>calculated as the simple average of the percentile rankings on each<br>of the 10 topics included in the index.|
|---|---|---|---|
|**Regulatory**<br>**quality**|Worldwide<br>Governance<br>Indicators, Kaufmann<br>et al, 2010|213<br>economies|This variable captures perceptions of the ability of the government<br>to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that<br>permit and promote private sector development.<br>The aggregate indicators are reported in two ways: (1) in their<br>standard normal units, ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5, and<br>(2) in percentile rank terms from 0 to 100, with higher values<br>correspondingto better outcomes.|
|**Voice and**<br>**accountability**|Worldwide<br>Governance<br>Indicators, Kaufmann<br>et al, 2010|213<br>economies|This variable captures perceptions of the extent to which a country's<br>citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well<br>as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.<br>The aggregate indicators are reported in two ways: (1) in their<br>standard normal units, ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5, and<br>(2) in percentile rank terms from 0 to 100, with higher values<br>correspondingto better outcomes.|
|**Open budget**<br>**index**|Open Budget Survey<br>2010, International<br>Budget Partnership|94<br>economies|The Open Budget Index assigns countries covered by the Survey a<br>transparency score on a 100-point scale (with 100 being the best<br>possible score) using 95 questions from the 125 questions on the<br>Survey.|
|**Transparent**<br>**policy making**|World Economic<br>Forum|123<br>economies|This variable measures how easy is for the businesses to obtain<br>information regarding changes in government policies and<br>regulations. The values range from "1" to "7", where the lowest<br>value means that having access to the information is impossible,<br>and the highest value means that it is extremelyeasy.|
|**E-Government**<br>**Development**<br>**Index**|UN E-Government<br>Survey 2012|93 UN<br>member<br>states|The United Nations E-Government development index is a<br>composite indicator measuring the willingness and capacity of<br>national administrations to use information and communication<br>technology to deliver public services. The index is a weighted<br>average of three normalized scores on 3 dimensions of E-<br>Government: (i) scope and quality of online services, (ii)<br>development status of telecommunication infrastructure, and (iii)<br>inherent human capital. The composite value of each component<br>index is normalized to fall between 0 (the worst score) and 1 (the<br>best score). And the overall index is the arithmetic average of the<br>three component indexes.|
|**Open**<br>**Government**<br>**(WJP)**|World Justice Project<br>- Rule of Law Index<br>(Factor 5 - Open<br>Government)|65<br>countries<br>and 1<br>additional<br>jurisdiction|Open Government includes at its core the opportunity to know what<br>the law is and what conduct is permitted and prohibited.<br>Questionnaires are administered to more than 300 potential local<br>experts per country through leading local polling companies.<br>The Open Government index consists of 36 variables combined to<br>form the following six sub-factors:<br>1 The laws are comprehensible to the public<br>2 The laws are publicized and widely accessible<br>3 The laws are stable<br>4 The right to petition the government and public participation is<br>effectively guaranteed<br>5 Official drafts of laws and regulations are available to the public<br>6 Official information is available on request<br>Open Government score is an average of these sub-factors. All<br>scores range between 0 and 1, where 1 signifies a higher adherence<br>to the rule of law.|
|**Democracy**<br>**(Polity IV)**|Integrated Network<br>for Societal Conflict<br>Research (INSCR) -<br>Center for Systemic<br>Peace|164<br>countries|The Democracy indicator is an additive eleven-point scale (0-10),<br>with the higher score implying a more democratic regime. The<br>operational indicator of democracy is derived from coding of the<br>competitiveness of political participation variables, the openness<br>and competitiveness of executive recruitment variables,and|

15