|**Table 1. Orthogonality Checks**|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Data Source|All<br>villages|Lottery<br>(L)|No Lottery<br>(NL)|P-value:<br>L = NL|<br>Meeting<br>(M)|No Meeting<br>(NM)|<br>P-value:<br>M = NM|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|_Panel A: Village level_|||||||||
|Number of eligible farmers in 2009/10<br>|Baseline|406.5|413.5|398.7|_0.768_|376.6|436.3|_0.229_|
|Share of beneficiaries among eligible farmers in 2009/10|Baseline, Follow-up|0.668|0.667|0.668|_0.986_|0.694|0.641|_0.502_|
|Total village cultivable land (000s acres)|Baseline|2.1|1.8|2.6|_0.226_|1.8|2.5|_0.262_|
|Total village cultivable land that is irrigated (000s acres)|Baseline|0.492|0.464|0.524|_0.824_|0.332|0.653|_0.231_|
|Number of HHs involved in agricultural activities in 2009/10|Baseline|518.2|509.0|528.2|_0.864_|468.2|568.2|_0.371_|
|Share of HHs with access to electricity|Baseline|0.090|0.086|0.094|_0.842_|0.081|0.098|_0.682_|
|Village has health clinic or hospital (0/1)|Baseline|0.587|0.667|0.500|_0.261_|0.522|0.652|_0.380_|
|VVC has 3 women and 3 men (0/1)|Baseline|0.957|1|0.909|_0.137_|0.957|0.957|_1.000_|
|VVC members were elected (0/1)|Baseline|0.043|0.042|0.045|_0.951_|0.000|0.087|_0.155_|
|Rains were good in 2009/10 (0/1)|Baseline|0.804|0.833|0.773|_0.614_|0.739|0.870|_0.275_|
|Maize price at the beginning of harvest 2009/10 (TSH/Kg)|Baseline|325.7|334.2|316.4|_0.569_|320.9|330.4|_0.760_|
|<br>Number of agrodealers in the village|Baseline|1.2|1.1|1.2|_0.933_|1.2|1.2|_1.000_|
|Program subsidy as percent of input package|Baseline|0.486|0.477|0.495|_0.459_|0.482|0.490|_0.743_|
|Number of observations||46|24|22||23|23||
|P-value of joint F-test that all coefficients are 0|||||_0.929_|||_0.385_|
|_Panel B: Village Voucher Committee(VVC) survey_|||||||||
|Age of respondent|Baseline|46.0|45.3|46.7|0.485|45.1|46.7|0.444|
|Respondent is male (0/1)|Baseline|0.506|0.511|0.500|0.921|0.488|0.522|0.756|
|Respondent is married (0/1)|Baseline|0.899|0.872|0.929|0.385|0.884|0.913|0.651|
|<br>Respondent can read and write (0/1)|Baseline|0.921|0.894|0.952|0.309|0.930|0.913|0.767|
|<br>House has concrete floor (0/1)|Baseline|0.629|0.638|0.619|0.853|0.605|0.652|0.647|
|Cultivates 1 Ha or less (0/1)|Baseline|0.562|0.596|0.524|0.500|0.581|0.543|0.722|
|Number of changes in VVC composition since its creation|Baseline|1.4|1.2|1.7|0.356|1.4|1.4|0.907|
|Responsabilities correctly named by VVC member (up to 7)|Baseline|5.4|5.5|5.2|0.450|5.2|5.5|0.269|
|Correctly named program elibility criteria (0/3)|Baseline|2.7|2.7|2.6|0.513|2.7|2.7|0.863|
|Number of observations||89|46|43||43|46||
|P-value of joint F-test that all coefficients are 0|||||_0.884_|||_0.983_|
|_Panel C: Villager household survey_|||||||||
|Head of household is male (0/1)|Baseline|0.826|0.855|0.790|_0.049_|0.833|0.817|_0.630_|
|Head of household is married (0/1)|Baseline|0.845|0.855|0.832|_0.404_|0.857|0.831|_0.350_|
|Is related to government officials or influentials (0/1)|Baseline|0.218|0.212|0.225|_0.833_|0.247|0.186|_0.241_|
|Socializes with government officials or influentials (0/1)|Baseline|0.211|0.205|0.219|_0.816_|0.240|0.180|_0.253_|
|House has concrete floor (0/1)|Baseline|0.580|0.632|0.518|_0.118_|0.568|0.594|_0.720_|
|Cultivates 1 Ha or less (0/1)|Baseline<br>|0.503<br>|0.480|0.530|_0.432_|0.505|0.500|_0.934_|
|Used improved seeds in 2009/10 (0/1)|Baseline|0.676|0.680|0.671|_0.448_|0.682|0.669|_0.826_|
|<br>Used inorganic fertilizer in 2009/10 (0/1)|Baseline|0.482|0.477|0.488|_0.885_|0.458|0.509|_0.929_|
|Maize ield (Ks/acre) in 2009/10|Baseline|5552|5789|5269|_0886_|5280|5850|_0474_|
|y g<br>Head of household is a beneficiary (0/1)|Baseline|.<br>0.465|.<br>0.478|.<br>0.451|_._<br>_0.661_|.<br>0.468|.<br>0.463|_._<br>_0.929_|
|Number of Observations||734|400|334||384|350||
|P-value ofjoint F-test that all coefficients are 0<br>Note: In Panel A, we use village-level data from Village Survey to compare Arusha<br>Arusha villages using data from the VVC survey, which interviewed up to 2 VVC m<br>source (baseline or follow-up) can be found in Column 1. In Column 2, we report th<br>p-value of the equality t-test. In Columns 6-8, we compare meeting and non-meeting<br>test that all coefficients of a regression of lottery status (Column 5) or meeting dum<br>described in Cameron et al. (2008). Clustering was done at the village level. Range|villages in different treatment ar<br>embers per village. In Panel C<br>e average in all villages. In Colu<br>villages, also reporting average<br>my (Column 8) against charac<br>of values for categorical variab|ms (except th<br>, we compare<br>mns 3-5, we<br>s and p-value<br>teristics are z<br>les are given|e number of a<br>Arusha villag<br>compare lotter<br>s. At the botto<br>ero. All p-valu<br>in parenthesis|grodeales in the v<br>es using househol<br>y and non-lottery<br>m of each panel w<br>es in Panel C ar<br>. (0/1) indicates|_0.881_<br>illage, computed<br>d-level data from<br>villages by repo<br>e report the num<br>e computed usin<br>dummy variables|sing data from<br>the Baseline V<br>rting averages f<br>ber of observat<br>g the t-asympto<br>, equal to one i|th VVC survey).<br>illager Household<br>or the two groups<br>ions and the the p-<br>tic wild cluster bo<br>f the response is y|_0.975_<br>Panel B compares<br>Survey. The data<br>of villages and the<br>value of a joint F-<br>otstrap procedure<br>es. See Appendix|