that among poorer households – with lower levels of adult schooling – remittances could have a more sizable effect in terms of relaxing budget constraints that keep children out of school. However, one could also expect an opposite effect – remittances having a smaller impact on education when the schooling of parents is low – if less educated parents exhibit lower preferences for educational over other alternative expenditures. To find out which effect dominates, we re-estimate equation (4) by adding an interaction term between remittances ( _Ri_ ) and a variable that indicates whether the mother has four of more years of education. The corresponding results are reported in table 9.

**Table 9. Remittances and Children’s Education by Mother's Education**

|Age Group|||10-15 Y|ears Old||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Dependent Va|riable||Accumulate|d Schooling||
|Country|Variable|Boys<br>Ru|Girls<br>ral|Boys<br>Ur|Girls<br>ban|
|Mexico|Receive Remittances|-0.082|0.329**|-0.041|-0.573|
|||(0.192)|(0.141)|(0.329)|(0.553)|
||Receive Remittances *|-0.144|-0.417**|0.024|0.461|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.240)|(0.186)|(0.378)|(0.577)|
|El Salvador|Receive Remittances|0.511***|0.251**|0.365**|-0.191|
|||(0.129)|(0.115)|(0.170)|(0.186)|
||Receive Remittances *|-0.116|0.229|-0.203|0.297|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.212)|(0.176)|(0.197)|(0.206)|
|Guatemala|Receive Remittances|0.482**|0.223|0.412|1.109***|
|||(0.200)|(0.186)|(0.337)|(0.231)|
||Receive Remittances *|-0.179|0.450|-0.323|-1.336***|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.389)|(0.318)|(0.408)|(0.315)|
|Honduras|Receive Remittances|0.581***<br>(0.142)|0.662***<br>(0.155)|0.731***<br>(0.178)|0.554***<br>(0.209)|
||Receive Remittances *|-0.317*|-0.328*|-0.564***|-0.247|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.193)|(0.184)|(0.193)|(0.220)|
|Ecuador|Receive Remittances|0.278|-0.106|0.502|0.805*|
|||(0.233)|(0.237)|(0.331)|(0.463)|
||Receive Remittances *|-0.138|0.386|-0.239|-0.547|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.277)|(0.287)|(0.344)|(0.475)|
|Paraguay|Receive Remittances|0.056<br>(0.271)|0.433*<br>(0.235)|||
||Receive Remittances *|-0.133|-0.476|||
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.374)|(0.345)|||
|Haiti|Receive Remittances|||0.043<br>(0.120)|0.273**<br>(0.111)|
||Receive Remittances *|||0.229|-0.111|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|||(0.237)|(0.220)|
|Peru|Receive Remittances|||0.187<br>(0.296)|0.393***<br>(0.144)|
||Receive Remittances *|||-0.362|-0.343*|
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|||(0.338)|(0.207)|
|Nicaragua<sup>1</sup>|Receive Remittances|0.577**<br>(0.260)|0.554**<br>(0.221)|||
||Receive Remittances *|-0.208|-0.296|||
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.310)|(0.258)|||
|Jamaica<sup>1</sup>|Receive Remittances|0.510<br>(0.465)|-0.236<br>(0.435)|||
||Receive Remittances *|-0.668|0.253|||
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.484)|(0.443)|||
|Dom. Rep.<sup>1</sup>|Receive Remittances|-0.148<br>(0.242)|0.301<br>(0.208)|||
||Receive Remittances *|0.282|-0.242|||
||Mother Educ 4 Years or More|(0.263)|(0.230)|||

Notes: *** Significant at 1% level. ** Significant at 5% level. * Significant at 10% level. 1 Rural and Urban areas together.

Regressions include the same set of controls as in Table 8. Source: Author’s calculations based on household surveys.

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