**Table 3.b Representation of energy, transport sectors and technological change for Partial Equilibrium**

|**Model**|**Represented Energy End**<br>**Use Sectors**|**Represented Transport sector**|**Technological change**|
|---|---|---|---|
|**DNE21+**|Industry, residential,<br>commercial, transport, top-<br>down modeling for other<br>sectors|The type of vehicle includes small passenger car, large<br>passenger car, bus, small truck, and large truck. Vehicle<br>technologies are categorized into internal combustion<br>engines, electric cars, fuel-cell cars, and alternative fuel<br>vehicles, including bioethanol mixed with gasoline,<br>biodiesel mixed with diesel, and CNG. The gasoline and<br>diesel combustion engines for gasoline/diesel are further<br>classified into conventional internal combustion cars<br>(low/high efficiency), hybrid cars, and plug-in hybrid cars.|Partly Endogenous|
|**global TIMES**|Transport, Residential and<br>Commercial, Industry and<br>Other (Agriculture).|The transportation sector is characterized by 14 energy-<br>services plus one non-energy use demand segment. Six of<br>the energy-services are considered as generic demands:<br>international and domestic aviation, freight and passenger<br>rail transportation, domestic and international navigation.<br>All other energy-services are for road transport. The<br>non-energy use is predominately the demand lubricants.|exogenous with<br>endogenous technology<br>learning extension|
|**global ETP-TIMES**|Transport, industry and<br>residential/commercial|2‐3 wheelers, Light duty vehicles (distinguished by<br>Internal combustion (gasoline/diesel/CNG/LPG)<br>(gasoline/diesel/CNG/LPG), Hybrids (gasoline/diesel)<br>Plug‐in hybrids (gasoline/diesel) Fuel cell vehicles, Electric<br>vehicles), Heavy duty vehicles (Passenger, Minibuses,<br>Buses, BRT systems, Freight, Medium freight trucks,<br>Heavy freight trucks), Rail (passenger, freight), Air (only<br>passenger)Water(onlyfreight)|Endogenous; exogenous|
|**COFFEE**|Transport, industrial,<br>residential and commercial<br>sectors|The activity of the transportation sector is usually<br>separated into passenger and freight. The energy<br>consumed in this sector is used to achieve a necessary<br>level of activity. In this sense, within the model, the<br>exogenous demand will be expressed in pkm, for<br>passengers, andtkm,for freight.|Exogenous|
|**AIM-Enduse**|Industry, residential,<br>commercial, transport|Road, Railway, Waterways, Air transport|Exogenous|
|**GCAM**|Buildings, transport, industry|Four final demand: long-distance passenger air travel,<br>(other) passenger travel, international freight shipping,<br>and (other) freight. The passenger sector consists of up<br>to five nesting levels, corresponding to different modes<br>(e.g., road, rail), sub-modes (e.g., bus, light duty vehicle),<br>size classes, and drivetrain technologies.|Exogenous|
|**IMAGE**|Industry, residential, services,<br>transport|There are seven passenger transport modes - foot,<br>bicycle, bus, train, passenger vehicle, high-speed train,<br>and aircraft.|Endogenous|
|**PROMETHEUS**|Industry, transport and<br>residential/services/agriculture<br>sector|The private passenger cars sector is modeled in detail, by<br>distinguishing internal combustion engine cars (using<br>gasoline, diesel, biofuels or hydrogen as a fuel),<br>conventional and plug-in hybrids, electric cars and fuel-<br>cell cars (using hydrogen or gasoline as a fuel).|Endogenous|

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