_Figure A.2 Comparison of Country-level SOE figures. World Bank’s Global BOS vs. IADB database_ <!-- Start of picture text --> Comparison number of firms with state participation WB SOE vs. IADB database<br>(IADB =1)<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Comparison number of firms with state participation WB SOE vs. IADB database<br>(IADB =1)<br>45<br>40<br>35<br>30<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>Paraguay Uruguay Peru Bolivia Costa Rica Argentina Chile Ecuador Colombia<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 45<br>40<br>35<br>30<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Paraguay Uruguay<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Peru<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Bolivia Costa Rica Argentina Chile<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Ecuador Colombia<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Author’s compilation based on Global BOS database and IADB (2019) data Furthermore, the database fills an important gap in the coverage SOEs in developing countries. The number of SOEs captured through this methodology is significantly larger than the number of SOEs captured by comparable exercises led by other international organizations as seen in Figure A.3. The BOS database even covers more companies and sectors than the approach proposed by the IMF (2019) using ORBIS.

_Figure A.3_ Number of countries captured by cross-country BOS databases <!-- Start of picture text --> 90<br>80<br>70<br>60<br>50<br>40<br>30<br>20<br>10<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 90<br>80<br>70<br>60<br>50<br>40<br>30<br>20<br>10<br>0<br>WBG Global OECD[1] EU[2] EDRB[3] IMF[4] WB IDB[6] ADB[7]<br>BOS Infrastructre<br>database SOEs<br>database [5]<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> WB IDB[6]<br>Infrastructre<br>SOEs<br>database [5]<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Global BOS database and [1] OECD Size and sector distribution of state-owned enterprises (2017); [2] State-owned Enterprises in the EU: Lessons Learnt and Ways forward in a Post-Crisis Context (2016); [3] Economic Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in Emerging Economies: A Cross-Country Study (2020); [4] StateOwned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges (2021); [5] Infrastructure State-Owned Enterprises: A Tale of Inefficiency and Fiscal Dependence (2021); [6] Fixing State-Owned Enterprises: New Policy Solutions to Old Problems (2019); [7] Reforms, Opportunities, and Challenges for StateOwned Enterprises (2020).

In addition, this approach allows for the first time to conduct comparable cross-country assessments. Figure A.4 shows a country-level set of indicators created for Slovenia using the Global BOS database. This approach offers the possibility to create standard SOE indicators such as the number of SOE enterprises operating in the country, revenues, and employment, as well as indicators that describe the breakdown between directly and indirectly owned SOEs, the distribution of SOEs by sector according to a sector 38