**Table 15: Wage determination regressions - pooled sample**

|||P|ooled samp|le||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Dependent variable:|Non-GDP|-weighted||GDP-weighte|d|
|<br>logof monthly wage(PPP)|[1]<br>|[2]<br>|[3]<br>|[4]<br>|[5]<br>|
|Hrs. per week worked|0.004**|0.005**|0.007***|0.001|0.001|
||[2.22]|[2.39]|[3.19]|[0.76]|[0.67]|
|Female worker|-0.045**|-0.065***|-0.044|-0.059**|-0.053*|
||[2.00]|[2.93]|[1.61]|[2.12]|[1.85]|
|Education (years)|0.032***|0.012|0.011|0.002|0.005|
||[2.67]|[0.99]|[0.84]|[0.19]|[0.39]|
|Education years squared|0.002***|0.001**|0.001**|0.001**|0.001*|
||[3.96]|[2.42]|[2.45]|[2.14]|[1.80]|
|Junior/senior secondary degree||0.162***|0.189***|0.103**|0.112***|
|||[4.76]|[4.38]|[2.42]|[2.59]|
|Vocational degree||0.346***|0.328***|0.146**|0.151**|
|||[7.25]|[5.46]|[2.45]|[2.50]|
|Tertiary/university degree||0.807***|0.843***|0.534***|0.544***|
|||[16.62]|[14.18]|[9.68]|[9.91]|
|Age > 32 (dummy)|0.143***|0.133***|0.157***|0.114***|0.118***|
||[5.48]|[5.23]|[4.83]|[3.88]|[4.05]|
|Tenure (years)|0.014***|0.016***|0.012***|0.014***|0.011***|
||[4.54]|[5.14]|[3.47]|[4.25]|[4.02]|
|Tenure^4|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000||
||[1.02]|[0.89]|[0.65]|[1.63]||
|Previous experience (years)|0.016***|0.016***|0.013***|0.009***|0.009***|
||[6.13]|[6.31]|[3.85]|[2.83]|[3.89]|
|Experience^4|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000||
||[1.57]|[1.61]|[1.50]|[0.36]||
|Permanent, full-time worker|0.337***|0.287***|0.269***|0.266***|0.249***|
||[7.48]|[6.53]|[5.21]|[5.24]|[5.33]|
|Manager||||0.849***|0.863***|
|||||[8.74]|[8.70]|
|Professional||||0.559***|0.583***|
|||||[10.09]|[11.13]|
|Skilled production worker||||0.205***<br>|0.207***<br>|
|||||[5.62]|[5.66]|
|Non-production worker||||0.122***|0.119***|
|||||[3.97]|[3.70]|
|Belongs to union||||0.049|0.031|
|||||[1.34]|[0.79]|
|Related to owner/manager||||-0.124***|-0.126***|
|||||[2.69]|[2.69]|
|Medium firm (20-99 empl.)|0.06|0.043|0.035|0.035|0.021|
||[1.57]|[1.17]|[0.67]|[0.58]|[0.33]|
|Large firm (100+ empl.)|0.122***|0.085**|0.058|0.096|0.077|
||[2.72]|[2.01]|[1.09]|[1.60]|[1.25]|
|Exporter|0.146***|0.137***|0.148***|0.138***|0.124***|
||[4.49]|[4.39]|[3.93]|[3.61]|[3.27]|
|Unionized firm|||||0067|
||||||.<br>[1.62]|
|Constant|3.624***|3.757***|3.618***|4.089***|4.114***|
||[20.89]|[21.80]|[17.68]|[25.81]|[25.75]|
|Observations|11580|11559|11559|9697|9435|
|R-squared|0.39|0.42|0.36|0.41|0.42|

Notes: Column (2) reports the coefficients for the basic specification, weighted by the GDP of the country. Robust t- statistics in brackets. * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. Wages are converted to PPP US dollars (see Table 19). All regressions include country and industry dummies, and hours worked per week. <u>Countries:</u> Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi (excluded), Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia,Rwanda, Senegal, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda. <u>Industries:</u> Food & beverages (excluded), Chemicals, paints & pharmaceuticals, Construction materials, Metals, Paper & printing, Plastics, Textiles, garments & leather, Wood, Other manufacturing.

<u>Other excluded categories:</u> <20 empl (firms), unskilled workers, no education/primary degree.

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