||||male headed household reduced their participation in rural work increasing<br>domestic work. Migration increases more for men than for women|**Economic opportunities**<br>Labor|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Branco and Feres<br>2018|Brazil|Rainfall|Drought shocks in rural areas are associated to lower scores and higher<br>probability of child work, especially for girls. Moreover, drought tends to be<br>more harmful for girls than for boys in schools with water storage device|**Endowments**<br>Education|
|Carpena 2019|India|Drought|Consequences of a drought are more severe for female-headed households in<br>fat consumption, while there are not significant differences in the reduction of<br>other groups of food compared to men.|**Endowments**<br>Health|
|Carrillo 2020|Colombia|Rainfall|Male fetuses are more vulnerable to detrimental influences in utero of adverse<br>rainfall shocks, suggesting a higher biological vulnerability. This leads to<br>higher infant mortality rates and mental disability rates and a greater reduction<br>in years of schooling and literacy rates for men than for women. In contrast,<br>larger effects on employment for females than for males are found.|**Endowments:**Health,<br>Education<br>**Economic opportunities:**<br>Labor|
|Chang, Favara, and<br>Novella 2022|India|Rainfall|The effect of rainfall shocks in-utero on cognitive and non-cognitive skills<br>development (math and vocabulary test scores) over the first 15 years of life<br>is negative. However, there are no significant gender differences|**Endowments:**Education|
||||A positive agricultural shock reduced female child mortality. before the||
|Chatterjee and<br>Merfeld 2021|India|Rainfall|<br>introduction of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee<br>Scheme (NREGS). NREGS mitigates the relationship between income shocks<br>and the health of surviving girls.|**Endowments**Health|
||||Flood damage affects female agricultural employment more negatively than<br>||
|Chowdhury, Parida,<br>and Agarwal 2022|India|Rainfall|males’ in the long run. Women also suffer disproportionally in obtaining<br>employment in the non-agricultural sector in the aftermath of the shock.<br>Gender norms discourage women from migrating or engaging in economic<br>activities.|**Economic opportunities:**<br>Labor|
||||For girls in secondary school, the impact of heat on health status is higher than||
|Dapi et al 2010|Cameroon|Heat|for boys, most likely due to menstruation, body composition, longer hair, and<br>tighter uniforms.|**Endowments:**Health|
|Dasgupta and<br>Karandikar 2021|India|Rainfall|While all children experience a worsening of learning outcomes under positive<br>rainfall shocks, girls in rice-dominant districts are especially affected.|**Endowments:**Education|
|Davies et al. 2015|Cambodia|Rainfall and<br>typhoons|Women can be more exposed to water-borne diseases in the face of extreme<br>weather events (risk of malaria for collecting water, physical and mental<br>health) in congested spaces like evacuation centers.|**Endowments**Health|
|Defrance et al. 2020|Mali|Rainfall|Climate events increase international migration as well as migration from rural<br>areas and for both men and women, regardless of their age. The effect differs<br>according to the level of agricultural diversification in the area and the<br>household’s capacity to cope with the shock|**Economic opportunities:**<br>Labor|
||||Patrilocal households (where sons co-reside with their parents after marriage,||
|Dessy, Tiberti, and<br>Zoundi 2023|Malawi and<br>Indonesia|Droughts|eventually becoming their source of old-age support), but not matrilocal ones<br>(where daughters co-reside with their parents after marriage), sacrifice their<br>daughters’ schooling in favor of sons’ when they experience droughts and<br>schooling requires payment of fees (Dessy, Tiberti, and Zoundi 2023)|**Endowments:**Education|
|Dessy et al. 2020|Madagascar|Drought|Droughts increase the fertility of young women living in agricultural<br>households, while it does not affect marriage time.|**Endowments**Health|

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