INFRASTRUCTURE AND GROWTH IN AFRICA

# **Table 4. Growth changes due to infrastructure development in Africa, 2001–5 versus 1991–5, Using [IK1] index of aggregate infrastructure stocks**

_Main telephone lines and mobile phones (per 1,000 workers), electricity-generating capacity (megawatts per 1,000 workers), total roads (km. per sq. km. of arable land) Explaining change in the growth rate of real GDP per capita across African countries_

||**Infrastructure**|**I**|**nfrastructure**|**dtock**||**In**|**frastructure**|**quality**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Country**|**fevelopment**|**Total**|**Telecom**<br>**E**|**lectricity**|**Roads**|**Total**<br>**T**|**elecom**<br>**E**|**lectricity**|**Roads**|
|**North Africa**|**0.92**|**0.64**|**0.56**|**0.05**|**0.03**|**0.28**|**0.26**|**-0.03**|**0.05**|
|Algeria|0.31|0.24|0.36|-0.15|0.03|0.07|0.04|-0.01|0.04|
|Egypt|1.51|0.89|0.73|0.07|0.09|0.62|0.53|-0.07|0.17|
|Libya|0.45|0.17|0.33|-0.20|0.04|0.28|0.27|-0.01|0.02|
|Morocco|1.31|1.21|1.00|0.19|0.02|0.10|0.23|-0.16|0.02|
|Tunisia|0.93|0.64|0.70|0.21|-0.27|0.29|0.22|-0.03|0.10|
|**West Africa (ECOWAS)**|**0.88**|**0.90**|**1.03**|**-0.09**|**-0.04**|**-0.02**|**-0.03**|**0.01**|**0.00**|
|Benin|1.63|1.36|1.07|0.79|-0.50|0.27|-0.10|0.33|0.04|
|Burkina Faso|1.29|1.18|1.00|0.26|-0.09|0.11|0.14|-0.01|-0.01|
|Côte d’Ivoire|1.35|0.76|1.13|-0.27|-0.10|0.58|0.63|-0.05|0.00|
|Ghana|0.53|1.08|1.24|-0.07|-0.09|-0.55|-0.19|-0.41|0.05|
|Guinea|1.45|1.12|0.99|0.11|0.02|0.34|0.39|-0.03|-0.03|
|Gambia|0.74|0.65|0.79|-0.12|-0.03|0.09|0.06|-0.01|0.04|
|Guinea-Bissau|0.13|0.34|0.11|0.21|0.03|-0.21|-0.24|0.02|0.01|
|Mauritania|0.95|1.40|1.53|-0.10|-0.04|-0.45|-0.50|0.04|0.00|
|Niger|0.25|0.37|0.66|0.10|-0.40|-0.12|0.03|0.01|-0.16|
|Nigeria|0.88|0.90|0.92|-0.13|0.11|-0.02|-0.02|0.00|-0.01|
|Senegal|1.02|0.90|1.01|-0.11|0.01|0.12|0.25|-0.12|-0.01|
|Sierra Leone|0.51|0.62|0.64|-0.09|0.07|-0.11|0.00|0.01|-0.12|
|Togo|0.15|0.72|1.05|-0.27|-0.06|-0.58|-0.03|-0.58|0.03|
|**East Africa (EAC)**|**0.94**|**0.80**|**0.78**|**0.02**|**0.01**|**0.14**|**0.01**|**0.15**|**-0.02**|
|<br>Burundi|0.89|0.75|0.69|-0.01|0.07|0.14|0.01|0.09|0.05|
|Kenya|0.57|0.80|0.83|0.02|-0.05|-0.23|-0.43|0.22|-0.02|
|Rwanda|0.70|0.56|0.99|-0.21|-0.22|0.14|0.00|0.14|0.00|
|Tanzania|1.36|1.17|0.99|0.17|0.01|0.19|-0.22|0.33|0.08|
|Uganda|1.54|1.56|1.34|0.19|0.02|-0.01|-0.01|0.00|0.00|
|**Southern Africa (SADC)**|**1.01**|**0.85**|**0.83**|**-0.13**|**0.15**|**0.16**|**0.21**|**-0.08**|**0.02**|
|Angola|0.55|0.20|0.57|-0.12|-0.25|0.35|0.33|-0.03|0.05|
|Botswana|1.66|1.30|1.19|-0.33|0.44|0.35|0.53|-0.03|-0.15|
|Madagascar|0.97|0.73|0.79|-0.14|0.08|0.24|-0.03|0.17|0.09|
|Mauritius|1.67|1.17|0.83|0.31|0.03|0.50|0.07|0.41|0.01|
|Malawi|1.18|1.14|0.76|0.11|0.27|0.04|0.02|0.01|0.01|
|South Africa|0.80|0.98|0.66|-0.01|0.32|-0.17|-0.01|-0.17|0.01|
|Zambia|0.60|0.52|0.47|-0.12|0.18|0.08|0.10|-0.01|-0.01|
|Zimbabwe|0.23|0.59|0.67|-0.10|0.02|-0.36|-0.38|0.03|-0.01|
|**Central Africa**|**1.08**|**0.96**|**1.00**|**-0.06**|**0.02**|**0.13**|**0.16**|**-0.03**|**0.00**|
|Central African Republic|0.89|0.55|0.69|-0.14|0.00|0.34|-0.02|0.37|-0.01|
|Cameroon|1.07|1.33|1.17|0.08|0.08|-0.27|0.09|-0.36|0.00|
|Congo, Rep. of|0.48|0.94|1.12|-0.16|-0.02|-0.46|-0.67|0.00|0.20|
|<br>Ethiopia|0.58|0.53|0.44|0.04|0.05|0.05|0.03|0.01|0.00|
|Gabon|0.90|1.18|1.00|0.01|0.18|-0.28|-0.33|0.02|0.03|
|Sudan|1.76|1.33|1.26|0.12|-0.04|0.43|0.37|-0.04|0.10|
|Chad|1.29|0.97|1.12|-0.15|0.01|0.31|0.06|0.25|0.01|
|Congo, Dem. Rep. of|0.90|0.70|0.89|-0.23|0.04|0.20|0.23|-0.02|0.00|
|**Memo:**||||||||||
|**AFRICA**|**0.99**|**0.89**|**0.94**|**-0.08**|**0.02**|**0.10**|**0.12**|**-0.04**|**0.01**|

_We present the predicted increase in the growth rate of output per worker in 2001–5 relative to 1991–5 due to changes in the stock and quality of infrastructure (see table 3) and the decomposition of the contribution of stock and quality in the different dimensions of infrastructure considered in our analysis. Our calculations use the IK1 aggregate index of infrastructure stock and the estimates in column [IK1] of table 2. Source: Author's calculations._ 47