**<u>Appendix table A5: Village fixed effects regressions for area cultivated with summer crops</u>**

||<br>**Imagery ba**<br>|<br>**sed crop damag**<br>|<br>**e indicators**<br>|<br>**ACL**<br>|**ED conflict indi**<br>|**cators**<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Dummy**|**Intensity**|**Area**|**Dummy**|**Intensity**|**Fatalities**|
|Conflict indicator|-825.879***|-3436.234***||-505.094***|-1228.522***||
||(12.071)|(62.124)||(11.395)|(26.131)||
|Lag conflict indicator|-840.568***<br>(16.745)|-1518.063***<br>(76.555)||-400.526***<br>(13.809)|-994.131***<br>(36.626)||
|Total DA or F|||-0.975***<br>(0.012)|||-1.252***<br>(0.112)|
|Lag total DA or F|||<br>-1.145***|||<br>-0.855***|
||||(0.013)|||(0.190)|
|Winter crop area|-0.683***|-0.687***|<br>-0.705***|-0.633***|-0.634***|<br>-0.598***|
||(0.004)|(0.004)|(0.004)|(0.004)|(0.004)|(0.005)|
|Rayon GDD above 5 degrees|<br>-2.259***|<br>-2.854***|<br>-2.744***|<br>-2.847***|<br>-2.833***|<br>-3.386***|
||(0.177)|(0.178)|(0.170)|(0.186)|(0.185)|(0.192)|
|GDD squared|<br>0.001***|<br>0.001***|<br>0.001***|<br>0.001***|<br>0.001***|<br>0.001***|
||(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Total rain: sowing (mm)|<br>0.910***|<br>0.341|<br>0.474*|<br>-0.279|<br>-0.404|<br>-0.181|
||(0.270)|(0.272)|(0.260)|(0.284)|(0.283)|(0.294)|
|Total rain: growing (mm)|<br>-0.010|<br>0.161|<br>-0.165|<br>-0.302**|<br>-0.327**|<br>-0.416***|
||(0.141)|(0.142)|(0.135)|(0.148)|(0.147)|(0.153)|
|Sowing rain squared|<br>-0.004***|<br>-0.002**|<br>-0.003***|<br>-0.000|<br>0.000|<br>-0.000|
||(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|
|Growing rain squared|<br>-0.000**|<br>-0.001**|<br>-0.000|<br>0.000|<br>0.000|<br>0.000|
||(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Sowing zero rain days|-1.545|-15.255***|-12.950***|-13.727***|-15.178***|-26.224***|
||(1.700)|(1.708)|(1.619)|(1.791)|(1.769)|(1.827)|
|Growing zero rain days|36.506***|41.243***|42.536***|47.362***|48.632***|55.669***|
||(1.173)|(1.178)|(1.114)|(1.223)|(1.210)|(1.253)|
|Sowing zero rain days squared|<br>-0.140***|<br>0.127***|<br>0.067*|<br>0.141***|<br>0.158***|<br>0.347***|
||(0.038)|(0.039)|(0.036)|(0.040)|(0.040)|(0.041)|
|Growing zero rain days sq.|-0.905***|-0.908***|-1.003***|-1.128***|-1.171***|-1.305***|
||(0.033)|(0.033)|(0.031)|(0.034)|(0.034)|(0.035)|
|year=2020|-27.153**|-7.464|-21.125*|-62.969***|-45.522***|21.433|
||(12.880)|(13.022)|(12.396)|(13.652)|(13.519)|(14.034)|
|year=2021|<br>-153.385***|<br>-179.766***|<br>-188.026***|<br>-219.690***|<br>-216.532***|<br>-224.233***|
||(11.679)|(11.783)|(11.225)|(12.289)|(12.206)|(12.713)|
|year=2022|<br>-225931***|<br>-257814***|<br>-270329***|<br>-311593***|<br>-321606***|<br>-349788***|
||.<br>(15.624)|.<br>(15.743)|.<br>(14.997)|.<br>(16.419)|.<br>(16.298)|.<br>(16.975)|
|year=2023|-167.703***|-267.750***|-265.770***|-272.639***|-287.130***|-367.202***|
||(13.396)|(13.412)|(12.752)|(14.064)|(13.909)|(14.412)|
|Constant|<br>3648.710***|<br>4107.844***|<br>4122.899***|<br>4289.222***|<br>4258.208***|<br>4518.895***|
||(144.451)|(145.642)|(138.779)|(152.278)|(151.066)|(157.205)|
|Mean of dep. var.|<br>1677.799|<br>1677.799|<br>1677.799|<br>1677.799|<br>1677.799|<br>1677.799|
|STD of dep. var.|1543.028|1543.028|1543.028|1543.028|1543.028|1543.028|
|No. of obs. (village councils)|52,780|52,780|52,780|52,780|52,780|52,780|
|R<sup>2</sup>|0.959|0.958|0.962|0.954|0.955|0.951|

_Source:_ Original table for this paper. _Note:_ Conflict indicators, damaged crop area and fatalities cover the period mid-March to end-August in 2022 and 2023 and zero for other years. Standard errors in parentheses: * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, and *** p < 0.010. ACLED = Armed Conflict Location and Events Data; DA = area damaged due to conflict; F = fatalities; GDD = growing degree days; mm = millimeters.

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