**24**

# **Table 6:** Effects of land demarcation activities

||Obs.|Co|ntrol|IT|T|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||Mean|Std. dev.|Coeff.|s.e.|
|Parcel has clear borders<br>_†_|6,094|0.061||0.270***|(0.02)|
|**Panel A: Tenure security**||||||
|Fear of land loss during fallow<br>_†_<br>|6,094|0.116||0.007|(0.01)|
|Land confict<sup>a</sup><sup>_†_</sup>|6,094|0.052||-0.009|(0.01)|
|Perceived land rights||||||
|-_A HH member will inherit land_|3,582|0.829||-0.007|(0.02)|
|-_The HH head can lend/rent-out/give the parcel_|3,582|0.731||0.017|(0.02)|
|-_The HH head can pledge land_|3,582|0.719||0.000|(0.02)|
|-_The HH head can sell land_|3,582|0.554||0.040*|(0.02)|
|**Panel B: Investment and land transfers**||||||
|Investment in tree planting<sup>a</sup><sup>_†_</sup><br>|6,094|0.040||0.017**|(0.01)|
|Started fallowing parcel<sup>a</sup><sup>_†_</sup>|6,094|0.010||0.004|(0.00)|
|Parcel is rented in/out<br>_†_|6,094|0.147||-0.014|(0.01)|
|-_rented in_|6,094|0.082||0.002|(0.01)|
|-_rented out_|6,094|0.065||-0.016*|(0.01)|
|**Panel C: Agricultural activities**<sup>**b**</sup>||||||
|Total land size (ha)<br>|2,972|6.236|13.827|0.320|(0.54)|
|Participation in agriculture<br>_†_|2,972|0.902||0.006|(0.01)|
|<br>Share of land size cultivated|2,675|0.538|0.323|-0.001|(0.01)|
|**Panel D: Agricultural production**<sup>**c**</sup>||||||
|Type of crop cultivated||||||
|Cereals<br>_†_|6,094|0.505||0.001|(0.02)|
|Pulses<br>_†_<br>|6,094|0.150||0.003|(0.01)|
|Roots and tubers<br>_†_<br>|6,094|0.245||-0.005|(0.02)|
|Vegetables<br>_†_<br>|6,094|0.052||-0.004|(0.01)|
|Cash crops<sup>d</sup><sup>_†_</sup>||||||
|<br>-_annual_|6,094|0.037||0.001|(0.01)|
|-_perennial_|6,094|0.067||0.026**|(0.01)|
|Inputs||||||
|-_farm labor supply (person-days/ha)_<br>|3,994|202.854|261.071|1.690|(9.88)|
|-_fertilizer/high-yield seeds_<br>_†_|3,994|0.272||0.018|(0.02)|
|Output<br>||||||
|-_total output (Log USD)_|3,677|6.135|1.358|-0.043|(0.06)|
|-_yield (Log USD of total output/ha)_|3,677|6.379|1.064|0.023|(0.05)|

<u>Note:</u> The table shows estimates of village-wide land demarcation activities on several variables. Each row corresponds to an estimation where the dependent variable (reported in the first column) is regressed on a dummy variable equal to 1 when the household lives in a village that carried out a village wide land demarcation activities (see Equation 3) The column “Obs.” reports the number of households and the column “Control mean” shows the average level of the dependent variable in the control villages. Column “Coeff. ITT” shows the effect of being in a PFR village. The standard errors are clustered at the village level and are reported in parentheses. Each estimation includes the lottery pool fixed effects. Significance levels are denoted as follows: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01. a The reference period is the previous twelve months. b These estimations are performed at the household level; all others are performed at the parcel level. c Yield and inputs are reported for the agricultural season that starts with the main rainy season. d Annual cash crops are cotton, pineapple, and sesame. Perennial cash crops include cashew, oil palm, teak, and acacia trees.

_†_ Indicates dummy variables.