ification (3), but restricts the sample to households that report owning their own enterprise. The estimates in column (8) demonstrate that the income of self-owned enterprises that reported any income actually declined by December, suggesting that enterprises became even less profitable as more of them were started. Second, of the self-owned enterprises reported following the occupation of Sana’a, approximately 87 percent of them reported income that would not allow the households to reach the national poverty line (162,528 annual Yemeni Riyals per person).

In addition to investigating loans and employment, this section further investigates changes to food consumption following the capture of Sana’a. Table 5 reports estimates from specification (3), but uses the share of total expenditure devoted to food and consumption of all micro and macro-nutrients for which estimated average requirements are reported (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies 2006). There is little change to the share of expenditure devoted to food (row 1)- the estimate is positive, but one cannot reject the hypothesis that there was no change in the share following the capture. However, there is a significant drop in the consumption of nearly all micro and macro nutrients by December (14 out of 18 categories are statistically different from zero at the 10 percent level in December). Interestingly, there is a decline in calories consumed (row 2) as well as the quality of those calories (rows 3-19). These estimates would be consistent with households significantly struggling during the shock by December, as calorie consumption has been uncorrelated with a number of large price and income shocks across a variety of settings (e.g., Brinkman et al. 2009; D’Souza and Joliffe 2012; D’Souza and Joliffe 2014; etc.).

Additionally, the timing of the changes in food consumption in table 5 are similar to those reported in table 2- the magnitude of the estimates are largest in December, and the precision of the estimates similarly increases as the occupation progresses. Thus, the evidence is consistent with households trying to maintain their food consumption (through loans and unobservable means), but at some point being unable to maintain their consumption.

# **6. Women’s Decision-Making**

One of the advantages of this setting is the thoroughness of the 2014 HBS survey, which allows one to investigate the changes to a number of intra-household dynamics. As discussed above, the 2014 HBS also included a very thorough investigation of women‘s decision-making. Yemen had large inequities in opportunities within the household based on gender prior to the capture of Sana‘a (e.g., Krishnan et al. 2016), and it is important to understand whether those with fewer opportunities and resources within the household were forced to bear a significantly larger burden of this shock, as has been shown in other contexts (e.g., Rose 1999; Khanna et al. 2003; Miguel 2005; D’Souza and Tandon forthcoming; etc.).

In particular, the survey inquired about the control women had over a number of different types of assets and spending in the household. However, this module was included only in the 2014 survey, and thus one cannot investigate the difference-in-difference comparing the 2014 change to the 2005 change. Thus, this article analyzes the simple difference in women‘s 16