Table 1. Import of Foreign Value-added (FVA) by Source (based on 5-year interval)

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||All|Oil Exporters|Non-Oil Exporters|Resource Poor|Benchmarks|
|Log (Distance)|-0.411<sup>***</sup>|-0.059|-0.079|-0.517<sup>***</sup>|-0.701<sup>**</sup>|
||(0.090)|(0.339)|(0.185)|(0.112)|(0.278)|
|Log (1 + Tariff)|-1.297<sup>***</sup>|-0.418<sup>**</sup>|-1.274<sup>***</sup>|-1.657<sup>***</sup>|-1.711<sup>*</sup>|
||(0.303)|(0.210)|(0.488)|(0.360)|(0.992)|
|Contiguity|0.921<sup>***</sup>|1.230<sup>*</sup>|1.289<sup>***</sup>|0.757<sup>**</sup>|-0.324|
||(0.252)|(0.661)|(0.385)|(0.373)|(0.623)|
|Common Language|0.445<sup>***</sup>|0.348|0.442<sup>***</sup>|0.463<sup>***</sup>|0.000|
||(0.087)|(0.238)|(0.156)|(0.116)|(.)|
|Common Colonizer|-0.322<sup>***</sup>|-0.592<sup>**</sup>|-0.470<sup>**</sup>|-0.261<sup>**</sup>|-0.373|
||(0.107)|(0.265)|(0.215)|(0.133)|(0.244)|
|Common Currency|-0.143|0.229|0.040|-0.132|0.000|
||(0.211)|(0.558)|(0.377)|(0.288)|(.)|
|RTA Membership|0.524<sup>***</sup>|0.403|0.502<sup>***</sup>|0.544<sup>***</sup>|0.483|
||(0.117)|(0.392)|(0.168)|(0.175)|(0.370)|
|Western Europe|2.760<sup>***</sup>|3.193<sup>***</sup>|2.513<sup>***</sup>|2.742<sup>***</sup>|2.768<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.127)|(0.459)|(0.225)|(0.166)|(0.280)|
|Eastern Europe|1.200<sup>***</sup>|1.821<sup>***</sup>|0.753<sup>**</sup>|1.266<sup>***</sup>|0.051|
||(0.173)|(0.503)|(0.355)|(0.207)|(0.438)|
|North America|3.237<sup>***</sup>|3.245<sup>***</sup>|2.789<sup>***</sup>|3.300<sup>***</sup>|3.853<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.218)|(0.748)|(0.422)|(0.276)|(0.519)|
|China|4.597<sup>***</sup>|4.199<sup>***</sup>|3.958<sup>***</sup>|4.813<sup>***</sup>|4.217<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.174)|(0.690)|(0.314)|(0.221)|(0.595)|
|Japan|4.304<sup>***</sup>|4.136<sup>***</sup>|3.793<sup>***</sup>|4.385<sup>***</sup>|4.091<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.167)|(0.708)|(0.331)|(0.205)|(0.504)|
|East Asia|2.268<sup>***</sup>|1.889<sup>***</sup>|1.840<sup>***</sup>|2.372<sup>***</sup>|1.741<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.151)|(0.627)|(0.318)|(0.180)|(0.438)|
|India|3.850<sup>***</sup>|3.241<sup>***</sup>|3.333<sup>***</sup>|4.087<sup>***</sup>|3.901<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.182)|(0.634)|(0.306)|(0.230)|(0.624)|
|South Asia|0.551<sup>***</sup>|0.350|0.290|0.589<sup>***</sup>|-0.331|
||(0.160)|(0.525)|(0.332)|(0.194)|(0.518)|
|LAC|1.112<sup>***</sup>|0.637|0.704<sup>**</sup>|1.285<sup>***</sup>|0.903<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.163)|(0.621)|(0.324)|(0.199)|(0.309)|
|MENA|1.030<sup>***</sup>|1.031<sup>***</sup>|1.070<sup>***</sup>|0.971<sup>***</sup>|1.368<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.103)|(0.347)|(0.198)|(0.129)|(0.237)|
|Observations|7351|646|2206|4499|1607|
|Adjusted_R_<sup>2</sup>|0.531|0.590|0.573|0.489|0.527|
|F-Statistic|204.216|25.082|75.975|126.406|34.257|
|P-value|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|

Standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered at exporter-importer pairs. Exporter-year fixed effects are included in the regressions. The regression is run on data for the whole sectors combined. Column (1) does not include the benchmark countries. To avoid dummy variable trap, the SSA region is excluded from the regressions.<sup>*</sup> _p_ < 0.10,<sup>**</sup> _p_ < 0.05,<sup>***</sup> _p_ < 0.01.

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