**Table 2: Characteristics of providers and practices where SPs were administered**

||**(1)**<br>**Repr**|**(2)**<br>(3 districts)<br>**esentative s**|**(3)**<br>**ample**|**(4)**<br>**Represe**|**(5)**<br>(5 di<br>**ntative sam**<br>**prov**|**(6)**<br>stricts)<br>**ple of Public**<br>**iders**|**(7)**<br>**MBBS**|**(8)**<br>**Dua**|**(9)**<br>(5 districts)<br>**l practice s**|**(10)**<br>**ample**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||l f||Ndl||<sup>l f</sup>|||l f|
||Public|Private|p-vaue o<br>(1)-(2)|All public|on-ua<br>public|Dual public|<sup>p-vaue o</sup><br>(5)-(6)|Public|Private|p-vaue o<br>(8)-(9)|
|**Panel A: Provider characteristics**|||||||||||
|Age of provider|46.92|43.51|0.10|44.52|44.74|44.43|0.89||||
|Is male|0.86|0.96|0.02|0.87|0.96|0.84|0.10|0.84|0.85|0.87|
|More than 12 years of basic education|0.58|0.52|0.48|0.64|0.52|0.69|0.09||||
|Has MBBS degree|0.25|0.07|0.00|1.00|1.00|1.00|||||
|Has alternative medical degree|0.11|0.21|0.18|0.00|0.00|0.00|||||
|No medical training|0.61|0.68|0.42|0.00|0.00|0.00|||||
|Number of practices|1.14|1.07|0.21|1.83|1.16|2.13|0.00||||
|Tenure inyears at current location|15.22|13.70|0.42|6.15|5.11|6.56|0.28||||
|**Panel B: Clinic characteristics**|||||||||||
|Dispense medicine|1.00|0.81|0.00||||||||
|Consultation fee (Rs.)|3.65|51.24|0.00|3.75|3.15|3.92|0.00|3.92|57.93|0.00|
|Number of patients per day<br>(self reported in census)|28.06|15.74|0.00|31.85|31.30|35.00|0.74|35.00|17.59|0.07|
|Number of patients per day<br>(from physician observations)|5.72|5.75|0.98|16.04|13.72|16.86|0.31|16.86|5.63|0.00|
|Electricity|0.94|0.95|0.93|1.00|1.00|1.00||1.00|1.00||
|Stethoscope|0.97|0.94|0.47|1.00|1.00|1.00||1.00|1.00||
|Blood pressure cuff|0.83|0.75|0.34|1.00|1.00|1.00||1.00|1.00||
|Thermometer|0.94|0.92|0.64|0.97|0.94|0.98|0.20|0.98|0.97|0.63|
|Weighing Scale|0.86|0.52|0.00|0.94|0.94|0.94|0.96|0.94|0.82|0.04|
|Handwash facility|0.89|0.81|0.30|0.84|0.84|0.85|0.93|0.85|0.81|0.56|
|Number ofproviders|36|188||103|31|72||72|84||

Notes: Standard deviations are in parentheses. Unit of observation is a provider. The dual practice sample consists of providers who received a standardized patient in both their public and private practices. Provider mapping and complete provider census yielded information about whether or not a provider operates more than practice. The representative sample did not employ the intense reconnaisance to find both the public and private practices of the same provider, and thus the proportion of dual practice providers can be considered self-reported. In the dual practice sample, however, the existence of additional medical practices was verified by repeated observation. Alternative qualifications are as follows: BAMS, BIMS, BUMS, BHMS/DHMS, DHB, BEHMS, BEMS, B.Sc. Nursing/M.Sc. Nursing, B.Pharma/M.Pharma. In the public sector of the representative sample, there are 3 providers with BAMS and 1 with B.Pharma/M.Pharma. In the private sector, there are 21 with BAMS, 9 with BHMS/DHMS, 3 each with BIMS and DHB, 2 with B.Pharma/M.Pharma and 1 with BUMS. No medical training includes providers with RMP, other degrees (which could not be verified) and providers who self-reported no formal training. In the public sector of the representative sample, there are 22 with no formal qualifications, 4 with RMP and 1 who reported other degree. In the private sector, there are 128 with no formal qualfication, 46 with RMP and 10 who reported other degrees. Means for consultation fee were calculated from direct observations of clinical interactions. All other variables derive from a survey administered during the census of providers.