17 interesting to note that the share of intra-CEEC trade remained stable: its share in total exports fell from 12.7% to 12.1%, but the share in exports increased from 6.5% to 7.2% over 1993-97.

Country-level data on directions of trade in parts show variation between first wave EUapplicants (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) and those of the second tier. On the import side, the geographical patterns of CEEC are remarkably similar to each other although the second tier CEECs tend to concentrate less on the EU than the first wave candidates (Table 7).

Table 7: Directions of trade in parts of CEEC-10 in 1998 (in **million** of US dollars **and** in percent)

||Europea<br>____|n Union<br>____<br>__|CEE<br>_|C10|Russia<br>___________|<br> <br>__<br>li|NAFTA<br>ncluding||East Asia<br>|<br>Japan|Wor|ld|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Reporter\Partner|Exports|Imports|Exports I|mports|Exports I|mports|Exports|Imports|Exports I|mports|Exports|Imports|
|Bulgaria|14|96|4|4|9|4|1|10|0|15|45|139|
|Czech Republic|3,640|3,537|578|308|71|13|68|171|103|314|4,718|4,542|
|Estonia|257|315|18|5|42|2|9|13|5|40|336|385|
|Hungary|2,955|4,213|99|96|10|5|136|344|20|776|3,370|5,546|
|Latvia|56|177|8|31|15|9|1|16|0|8|90|269|
|Lithuania|43|265|21|42|19|19|2|26|1|_12_|115|388|
|Poland|1,505|3,820|167|325|74|20|105|306|22|934|2,077|5,691|
|Romania|216|604|23|37|2|2|17|149|9|167|355|1,034|
|Slovakia|719|1,463|243|225|7|5|3|109|3|67|1,032|1,964|
|Slovenia|942|930|49|14|54|0|21|39|6|47|1,203|1,114|
|Total CEEC-10|10,346|15,420|1,212|1,085|301|79|363|1,182|169|2,380|13,342|21,072|
|_Memo Items:_|||||||||||||
|Turkey|527|3,303|28|105|26|3|103|492|22|700|1,057|4,851|
|Malaysia|2,342|2,347|42|3|11|1|4,113|4,933|7,280|9,293|14,371|16,952|
|Mexico|480|2,208|113|6|1|2|17,577|18,156|641|2,186|19,100|22,848|
|Reporter\partner||||I|n terms of|percen|t||||||
|Bulgaria|30.5|68.7|9.5|3.0|19.7|2.6|2.4|7.0|0.4|10.6|100.0|100.0|
|Czech Republic|77.1|77.9|12.3|6.8|1.5|0.3|1.4|3.8|**2.2**|6.9|100.0|100.0|
|Estonia|76.7|81.8|5.2|1.2|12.5|0.6|2.5|3.5|1.4|10.3|100.0|100.0|
|Hungary|87.7|76.0|2.9|1.7|0.3|0.1|4.0|6.2|0.6|14.0|100,0|100.0|
|Latvia|62.4|65.7|9.3|11.3|<br>16.8|3.2|0.9|6.1|0.2|2.9|100.0|100.0|
|Lithuania|36.8|68.2|**18.4**|**10.8**|<br>**16.0**|**5.0**|1.9|6.6|0.7|3.1|100.0|100.0|
|Poland|72.5|67.1|8.1|5.7|3.6|0.3|5.0|5.4|1.0|16.4|100.0|100.0|
|Romania|60.8|58.4|6.6|3.6|0.4|0.2|4.8|**14.4**|**2.5**|**16.2**|100.0|100.0|
|Slovakia|69.7|74.5|23.6|11.5|<br>0.6|0.3|0.3|5.6|0.3|3.4|100.0|100.0|
|Slovenia|78.3|83.5|4.0|1.2|4.5|0.0|1.7|3.5|0.5|4.2|100.0|100.0|
|Total CEEC-10<br>_Memo items._|77.5|73.2|9.1|5.1|2.3|0.4|2.7|5,6|1.3|11.3|100.0|100.0|
|Turkey|49.9|68.1|2.7|2.2|2.4|0.1|9.8|10.1|2.1|14.4|100.0|100.0|
|Malaysia|16.3|13.8|0.3|0 0|0.1|0.0|28.6|29.1|50.7|54.8|100.0|<br>100.0|
|Mexico|2.5|9.7|0.6|0.0|0.0|0.0|92.0|79.5|3.4|9.6|100.0|100.0|

Source: Based on direct reporting from UN COMTRADE Statistics.

The variation is limited to exports, which appears to shed some light on the extent of integration into EU production networks. The shares of the EU in exports of first-tier candidates range between 73 percent (Poland) and 88 percent (Hungary). They correspond roughly to EU shares in their imports. On the other hand, the shares of the EU in exports of parts in second-wave