**Table 7b. Determinants of diesel prices: basic model with variables distinguished between low- and high-income categories: random effects.**

||GLS||||2 SLS||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||7.9|7.10|7.11|7.12|7.13|7.14|7.15|7.16|
|Crude oil pricet|1.409<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.076)|1.363<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.071)|1.448<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.078)<br>|1.348<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.077)|1.428<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.076)|1.370<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.070)|1.488<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.081)|1.328<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.081)|
|GDP purchasing power dollars per<br>inhabitanti,t-1|<br>0.0002<br>(0.0002)|0.0002<br>(0.0002)|0.0010<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.0002)|0.0004<br>(0.0003)|-0.0003<br>(0.0005)|-0.0001<br>(0.0001)|0.0004<br>(0.0006)|0.0006<br>(0.0006)|
|Net oil surplusi,t-1|-0.133<br>(0.131)|-0.197<br>(0.137)|0.161<br>(0.126)|-0.181<br>(0.133)|-0.168<br>(0.126)|-0.215<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.113)|0.104<br>(0.121)|-0.191<br>(0.124)|
|Land in km<sup>~~2~~</sup><br>i,t|-0.032<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.008)|-0.028<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.008)|-0.031<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.007)|-0.026<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.008)|-0.030<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.010)|-0.026<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.009)|-0.030<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.010)|-0.026<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.010)|
|Opennessi,t|-0.048<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.040)|-0.068<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.041)|-0.093<sup>~~**~~</sup><br>(0.041)|-0.067<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.040)|-0.057<br>(0.049)|-0.076<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.044)|-0.126<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.045)|-0.057<br>(0.050)|
|Road diesel consumption per million<br>inhabitantsi,t-1|-0.005<br>(0.007)|-0.005<br>(0.007)|-0.010<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.006)|-0.005<br>(0.007)|0.006<br>(0.029)|0.011<br>(0.025)|0.022<br>(0.028)|-0.013<br>(0.029)|
|Public health % GDPi,t-1|5.420<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.214)|6.790<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.178)|4.081<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.112)|7.672<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.254)|5.976<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.128)|7.411<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.003)|4.592<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.182)|8.059<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(1.089)|
|Control of corruptioni,t|0.139<sup>~~**~~</sup><br>(0.066)|0.185<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.065)|0.130<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.067)|0.244<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(0.069)|0.120<br>(0.082)|0.177<sup>~~**~~</sup><br>(0.079)|0.093<br>(0.088)|0.209<sup>~~**~~</sup><br>(0.084)|
|Years HIC country has democratic or<br>non-democratic systemi,t|0.491<sup>***</sup><br>(0.111)||||0.453<sup>***</sup><br>(0.136)||||
|<br>Years UMC country has democratic or<br>non-democratic systemi,t|-0.168<br>(0.231)||||-0.257<br>(0.216)||||
|Years LMC country has democratic or<br>non-democratic systemi,t|-0.189<sup>~~**~~</sup><br>(0.153)||||-0.215<br>(0.190)||||
|Years LIC country has democratic or<br>non-democratic systemi,t|0.274<br>(0.266)||||0.082<br>(0.375)||||
|Years of executive in office in HIC<br>countriesi,t||-0.069<br>(0.248)||||-0.356<br>(0.235)|||
|Years of executive in office in UMC<br>countriesi,t||-0.573<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.321)||||-0.458<sup>~~*~~</sup><br>(0.277)|||
|Years of executive in office in LMC<br>countriesi,t||-0.129<br>(0.156)||||-0.197<br>(0.211)|||
|Years of executive in office in LIC<br>countriesi,t||-0.242<br>(0.190)||||-0.162<br>(0.289)|||
|<br>Presidential system HIC countriesi,t|||-5.488<br>(7.298)||||-4.980<br>(5.043)||
|Presidential system UMC countriesi,t|||-8.647<sup>***</sup><br>(2.736)||||-8.201<sup>**</sup><br>(3.348)||
|Presidential system LMC countriesi,t|||-9.462<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(2.323)||||-9.119<sup>~~***~~</sup><br>(3.060)||

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