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# **A.K Data on the Rest of the World**

Since the rest of the world (RoW) is one of the regions in our quantitative model, we need data on its wages, production, cultivated area, prices, population, and employment so that we are able to bring the model to the data. Wages in the RoW are assumed to be equal to the world’s GDP per capita (in current USD) in 2019 (our baseline year for model estimation), which was 11,330.5 USD according to the World Bank’s World Development Indicators.<sup>106</sup> We set the number of workers in the RoW to the size of the global labor force, which was 3.45 billion in 2019 according to data from the International Labour Organization (ILO). We then estimate the number of farmers in the RoW in two steps. First, we multiply the number of workers in the RoW by the agricultural share of global employment (26%, also from ILO data), thus obtaining the number of agricultural workers in the RoW.<sup>107</sup> Second, we multiply this number by the ratio of farmers to agricultural workers (0.29) which we compute using data from the Brazilian Agricultural Census as a benchmark. To calculate this ratio, we use “number of establishments directed by owner or her business partner” as a proxy for the number of farmers; and “number of occupied people in agricultural establishments” as a proxy for the number of agricultural workers.<sup>108</sup> The resulting estimate for the number of farmers in the RoW is approximately 260 million.

Our data on agricultural production, cultivated area, and producer prices in the RoW comes from the FAO.<sup>109</sup> We obtain data for each country’s production quantities (in MT), harvested area (in ha), and producer price (in USD/MT) of seven crops in 2019, then sum across countries to obtain production and cultivated area in the RoW. The crops we use are listed in the FAO data with the following names: “Cinnamon and cinnamon-tree flowers, raw”, “Cloves (whole stems), raw”, “Groundnuts, excluding shelled”, “Maize (corn)”, “Potatoes”, “Rice”, and “Onions and shallots, green”. Each crop’s producer price in the RoW is set to the median price across all available countries. All variables that are measured in MT are converted to kg.

Finally, it is sometimes necessary in our analysis to convert currency denominations between the USD and the LKR. We use the exchange rate _E_ 2019 = 176 LKR/USD for 2019 and _E_ 2022 = 360 LKR/USD for 2022, both of which were obtained from Google Finance.<sup>110</sup> 106The data portal can be accessed at: https://databank.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/1ff4a498/PopularIndicators

> 107ILO data is available on the World Bank’s data portal at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN and https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS

> 108These aggregated statistics from Brazil’s 2006 Agricultural Census are available in Tables 2724 and 265 of the online portal SIDRA, which can be accessed at: https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/

> 109This data can be accessed through the FAOSTAT online portal at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/data/QCL and https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/data/PP

> 110These two exchange rates are from June 28 2019 and June 24 2022, respectively.