Table 4: Refugee Waves on Other Outcomes

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||IHS Income|IHS Income|Divers Index|Divers Index|Satisfaction|Satisfaction|
|VARIABLES|Event Regions|All Regions|Event Regions|All Regions|Event Regions|All Regions|
|Post-event: _≥_10,000 increase|-0.063|-0.044|3.106|0.955|0.010|-0.009|
||(0.103)|(0.064)|(2.249)|(1.708)|(0.021)|(0.016)|
|IHS refugee population|-0.005|-0.003|-0.365|0.156|-0.001|-0.000|
||(0.019)|(0.012)|(0.302)|(0.324)|(0.005)|(0.004)|
|IHS region population|-0.166|0.318|4.006|14.189|-0.076|-0.089|
||(0.901)|(0.638)|(18.036)|(11.865)|(0.220)|(0.137)|
|Age|0.012***|0.013***|-0.043|0.056|0.001|-0.001**|
||(0.004)|(0.003)|(0.081)|(0.047)|(0.001)|(0.001)|
|Age<sup>2</sup>|-0.000**|-0.000***|0.001|-0.001|0.000|0.000***|
||(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Male|0.109***|0.187***|0.746|0.733**|-0.015**|-0.009**|
||(0.023)|(0.017)|(0.455)|(0.332)|(0.007)|(0.004)|
|Completed secondary education|0.462***|0.509***|1.445**|1.802***|-0.001|-0.007|
||(0.026)|(0.021)|(0.644)|(0.438)|(0.009)|(0.007)|
|Completed college education|0.954***|1.032***|5.318***|6.002***|-0.011|-0.021**|
||(0.045)|(0.047)|(1.053)|(0.865)|(0.016)|(0.011)|
|Lives in small town|0.053|0.162***|0.735|3.200***|0.007|0.019**|
||(0.056)|(0.030)|(1.076)|(0.774)|(0.014)|(0.008)|
|Lives in suburb of large city|0.121*|0.281***|4.189***|5.045***|-0.007|0.007|
||(0.068)|(0.042)|(1.207)|(1.023)|(0.020)|(0.014)|
|Lives in large city|0.271***|0.357***|3.515***|4.749***|0.012|0.028***|
||(0.065)|(0.032)|(1.246)|(0.847)|(0.018)|(0.010)|
|Constant|9.619|1.917|-14.012|-168.128|1.820|2.006|
||(13.964)|(9.561)|(278.139)|(177.102)|(3.408)|(2.035)|
|Observations|68,008|228,701|53,375|191,628|70,764|230,140|
|R-squared|0.420|0.372|0.146|0.208|0.075|0.108|
|Event FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Year FE|Yes|No|Yes|No|Yes|No|
|Country*Year FE|No|Yes|No|Yes|No|Yes|
|Never treated Regions|No|Yes|No|Yes|No|Yes|
|Dep Var Mean|7.690|7.449|47.72|49.17|0.686|0.695|
|Events|110|110|107|107|113|113|
|Years|10|10|12|12|12|12|
|Regions|98|584|96|561|101|601|
|Countries|34|34|33|33|35|35|

Notes: * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. The dependent variables are the inverse hyperbolic transformation of per capita annual household income in international dollars (columns 1 and 2), diversity index (columns 3 and 4), and a satisfaction question (columns 5 and 6), equal to 1 if the respondant is satisfied with the city or area where he lives, 0 if not, and blank or missing otherwise. Regional controls for the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of region population and refugee population at the year of the event, and individual controls for age, age squared, sex, educational level and city size were used. The sample includes individual respondents to the Gallup World Poll in region-years (columns 1, 3, and 5) and country-years (columns 2, 4 and 6) who were surveyed within 4 years before or after an event. An event is defined as a region with an increase of at least 10,000 refugees in a calendar year. Results use the Gallup sampling weights and standard errors are clustered at the event level.

# **_Refugee waves and other outcomes_**

Table 4 looks at three additional GWP outcomes using the same specifications and the main definition of an event. Columns 1 and 2 examine individual-level responses to per capita annual income in international dollars. After transforming using the inverse hyperbolic sine, we find insignificant coefficients in both specifica25