# **Activities carried out by female and male respondents classified under ICLS 19 Forms of Work framework**

Even when they answered negatively to either one of the survey questions on employment, both paid and unpaid, the study found that women engage in a wide range of activities that qualify as ‘employment’ under the ICLS 13 definition and as ‘work’ or ‘employment’ following the ICLS 19 Forms of Work framework. Female respondents reported tasks that intertwine with their household responsibilities, ranging from agricultural activities, to non-agriculture related economic activities, to volunteer work. Women’s reported tasks fall under three categories of the ICLS 19 Forms of Work framework, namely: 1) Own-use production of goods; 2) Own-use production of services; and 3) Employment (See Table 5 and Annex 1 for description of each category).

In terms of _own-use production of goods_ , many women who responded “no” to the household survey questions, reported activities that involved producing goods intended for final use by their household/ family (see Table 5, row a). Such activities include collecting firewood, livestock/poultry rearing (for own consumption), growing food in their own vegetable gardens, providing farm support (planting, weeding, harvesting, cleaning crops; collecting water for crops; irrigation; fumigation). These are activities very similar to those reported by men in the same communities.

_Own-use production of services_ are activities that were not considered ‘employment’ under either the ICLS 13 or ICLS 19 definition, but are considered ‘work’ under the ICLS 19 definition. These encompass many of the tasks typically thought of as domestic work. Among this type of activities, women reported engaging in preparing and bringing breakfast to men in fields, cleaning the house, washing/ironing clothes, cooking for the family, preparing tortillas for own consumption, taking care of children, and maintaining dwelling with adobe, among others (Table 5, row a)<sup>16</sup> These activities fall within the General production boundary but are not part of the System of National Accounts.

In terms of _employment_ , many of the women who reported “no” in the household survey do, in fact, engage in paid services or production of goods (Table 5, row b). These initially unrecognized paid activities include collecting and selling berries, raising animals (mainly chickens) to sell, washing clothes for others for payment, domestic work for others (both irregular and permanent) for payment, working in grocery store, running a grain mill (from home), and preparing and selling food one or several days per week (tortillas, _nacatamales_ , sweet breads).

Table 5. Women’s and men’s reported activities in accordance to ICLS 19th Forms of Work Framework

|Form of work|Activities – Women|Activities - Men|
|---|---|---|
|(a) Own-use production|i)Production of‘goods’:|i)Production of‘goods’:|
|work comprising<br>production of goods<br>and services for own<br>final use;|•<br>Collect fire wood<br>•<br>Livestock/poultry rearing (for own<br>consumption)<br>•<br>Agricultural production (planting, weeding,<br>harvesting, cleaning crops; collecting water|•<br>Agricultural production (planting,<br>weeding, harvesting, cleaning crops;<br>collecting water for crops; irrigation;<br>fumigation)<br>•<br>Collect/cut fire wood<br>•<br>Build house|

16 These activities fall within the System of National Accounts; they are considered employment in the ICLS 13 definition but only considered as ‘work’ under the ICLS 19.

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