MAKING SENSE OF AFRICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE ENDOWMENT: A BENCHMARKING APPROACH

**Table 2.8  Effect of country variables on infrastructure endowments, part 2**

|Cross-sectio|nalOLS an<br>|alysis, data<br>|in logs (e<br> <br>s|xcept dum<br> <br>s|myvariable|s,which|arein leve|ls)<br>|s|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Variable|Density of<br>roads|Density of<br>roads<br>(arable)|Density of<br>paved road|Density of<br>paved road<br>(arable)|Access to<br>water|Access to<br>sanitation|Access to<br>electricity|Generating<br>capacity|Internet<br>connection|Mobile<br>telephones|Fixed-line<br>telephones|
|Income per|0.112|0.262|0.082|0.222|0.135|0.041|–0.061|0.451|0.693|0.492|0.748|
|capita|(2.87)**|(2.93)**|–0.57|–1.65|–0.75|–0.2|–0.27|(2.30)*|(5.19)**|(3.05)**|(5.13)**|
|Urbanization|0.188|0.461|0.991|0.341|0.426|–0.126|–0.023|0.942|0.885|0.859|0.54|
||(3.19)**|(3.40)**|(4.93)**|–1.62|–1.5|–0.38|–0.06|(3.05)**|(4.07)**|(3.53)**|(2.29)*|
|Population|0.071|0.081|0.09|0.729|1.111|–0.036|0.341|0.193|0.062|–0.048|0.121|
|density|(4.80)**|(2.38)*|–1.72|(14.12)**|(16.12)**|–0.44|(3.95)**|(2.57)*|–1.18|–0.75|(2.11)*|
||–0.07|–0.149|–0.181|–0.208|–0.598|0.201|–0.205|–0.243|–0.138|–0.488|–0.346|
|Urban growth|(2.26)*|(2.04)*|–1.46|(2.23)*|(4.76)**|–1.39|–1.31|–1.72|–1.53|(4.42)**|(3.28)**|
|Fractionali-|–0.011|–0.018|0.047|–0.088|–0.013|–0.146|–0.073|–0.019|–0.022|0.08|–0.08|
|zation|–0.69|–0.51|–0.88|–1.61|–0.18|–1.72|–0.81|–0.24|–0.4|–1.28|–1.37|
|Governance|0.035|0.034|0.086|–0.308|–0.122|–0.259|–0.05|–0.191|–0.339|0.016|0.035|
||–0.81|–0.33|–0.55|(2.09)*|–0.62|–1.13|–0.2|–0.88|(2.43)*|–0.09|–0.22|
|Infrastructure|–0.006|0.023|0.033|0.008|–0.006|0.025|0.009|0.002|0.067|–0.016|0.019|
|aid (per capita)|–0.67|–1.05|–0.99|–0.27|–0.14|–0.54|–0.17|–0.04|(2.24)*|–0.45|–0.57|
|Africa|–0.05|–0.251|–0.871|–0.097|–0.029|–0.249|–0.169|–0.042|–0.003|–0.998|–0.451|
||–1.01|(2.19)*|(5.14)**|–0.55|–0.12|–0.9|–0.57|–0.16|–0.02|(4.93)**|(2.26)*|
||–0.024|0.265|–0.135|0.526|–0.214|0.565|–0.144|0.039|0.269|0.246|–0.364|
|Anglophone|–0.44|(2.13)*|–0.73|(2.81)**|–0.85|–1.94|–0.46|–0.14|–1.4|–1.08|–1.67|
||–0.153|–0.23|–0.075|–0.11|–0.322|–0.347|–0.53|–0.331|–0.057|–0.621|–0.825|
|Francophone|(3.01)**|–1.96|–0.45|–0.61|–1.33|–1.24|–1.76|–1.26|–0.31|(2.95)**|(4.19)**|
|Landlocked|0.018|0.059|–0.221|0.314|–0.107|0.016|–0.474|–0.04|0.142|0.107|–0.076|
||–0.36|–0.52|–1.18|–1.92|–0.48|–0.06|–1.67|–0.16|–0.89|–0.54|–0.42|
|Oil i|–0.017|–0.033|0.195|–0.453|–0.001|–0.305|0.156|–0.294|–0.014|0.005|0.002|
|exportng|–0.41|–0.34|–1.34|(3.06)**|0|–1.32|–0.63|–1.37|–0.1|–0.03|–0.01|
||–0.091|0.011|–0.109|0.088|–0.347|0.002|–0.425|–0.272|0.171|–0.169|–0.286|
|Conflict|–1.98|–0.11|–0.66|–0.54|–1.58|–0.01|–1.55|–1.15|–1.08|–0.89|–1.62|
|Exports|–0.078|0.079|–0.015|0.365|0.479|0.585|0.666|0.444|0.474|0.285|0.034|
|(% GDP)|(2.18)*|–0.92|–0.12|(2.86)**|(2.82)**|(2.92)**|(3.12)**|(2.42)*|(3.88)**|–1.93|–0.24|
|Agriculture|0.081|0.296|0.07|–0.031|–0.124|–0.759|–0.864|0.114|0.231|0.265|0.344|
|<br>(% GDP)|–1.88|(2.97)**|–0.47|–0.21|–0.63|(3.33)**|(3.52)**|–0.53|–1.57|–1.45|(2.13)*|
|Manufacturing|–0.064|0.04|0.142|–0.148|–0.193|–0.367|–0.428|0.014|0.089|0.035|–0.033|
|(% GDP)|–1.79|–0.47|–1.12|–1.17|–1.13|–1.86|(2.01)*|–0.07|–0.67|–0.24|–0.23|
||3.706|1.111|3.526|–6.44|–8.298|1.309|–0.262|–3.128|–1.791|–5.408|–2.015|
|Constant|(9.19)**|–1.16|(2.41)*|(4.59)**|(4.39)**|–0.6|–0.11|–1.56|–1.35|(3.19)**|–1.34|
|Observations|94|92|82|95|95|94|94|98|84|98|97|
|R–squared|0.71|0.69|0.81|0.85|0.87|0.55|0.69|0.7|0.87|0.86|0.87|
|_Note_: * = sig<br>statistics ha|nificant at 5<br>ve been rep|%; ** = sig<br>orted in ab|nificant at<br>solute val|10%. T-sta<br>ue.|tistics are r|eported b|elow coef|ficients. P|arentheses|denote th|at T-|

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