**Table 4: Empowerment regressions with caste categories interacted with per capita monthly consumption expenditure (exp.)**

||||In|put|||Mo<br>Health|bility||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Employed|Durables|Tuition|Livelihoods|Politics|Store|Centre|Friend|Bank|
|**(a) Bihar**|||||||-|||
|ST x exp|0.416*|0.176|-0.0509|0.197|-0.210|0.129|0.00211|0.162|-0.493*|
||(2.28)|(1.43)|(-0.28)|(1.41)|(-1.48)|(0.51)|(-0.01)|(1.43)|(-2.06)|
|OBC x exp|-0.0491|0.000703|0.0678|0.0453|0.0829*|-0.00848|0.0303|0.0183|-0.0837|
||(-1.24)|(0.02)|(1.74)|(1.04)|(2.02)|(-0.17)|(1.02)<br>-|(0.99)|(-1.81)|
|EBC x exp|0.00654|-0.0837|-0.0484|-0.149|0.0930|-0.0155|0.00958|-0.0433|0.0859|
||(0.09)|(-1.33)|(-0.64)|(-1.80)|(1.28)|(-0.20)|(-0.20)|(-0.94)|(0.90)|
|Muslim x exp|-0.0614|0.0632|0.0117|-0.135|-0.0305|0.0303|-0.0793|-0.0178|-0.0268|
||(-0.77)|(1.14)|(0.12)|(-1.26)|(-0.32)|(0.32)|(-1.10)|(-0.40)|(-0.30)|
|FC x exp|-0.183**|0.0335|0.0815|0.0366|-0.0650|0.0234|-0.0115|0.0175|-0.0836|
||(-2.72)|(0.92)|(1.33)|(0.45)|(-0.89)|(0.25)|(-0.28)|(0.57)|(-1.09)|
|**(b) Odisha**||||||||||
|ST x exp|-0.0418|0.0171|0.0323|0.0125|0.0556|0.0532|0.0175|0.00632|-0.0399|
||(-0.95)|(1.08)|(0.84)|(0.26)|(1.54)|(1.77)|(1.21)|(0.76)|(-1.60)|
|OBC x exp|-0.0115|0.00804|0.0131|-0.00263|0.0169|0.00563|0.00534|-0.000744|0.000194|
||(-1.73)|(0.67)|(1.16)|(-0.21)|(1.56)|(0.45)<br>-|(0.59)|(-0.25)|(0.01)|
|Muslim x exp|0.00351|-0.00375|-0.00671|-0.0321|-0.0208|0.0000347|0.00458|-0.00215|-0.00692|
||(0.19)|(-0.19)|(-0.20)|(-1.14)|(-1.21)|(-0.00)|(0.57)|(-0.63)|(-0.31)|
|FC x exp|-0.00238|0.00631|0.00969|0.00260|0.0167*|0.00557|0.00547|0.000148|0.00509|
||(-0.35)|(0.66)|(1.21)|(0.32)|(2.35)|(0.60)|(1.27)|(0.07)|(0.57)|
||||In|put:||Mobi|lity:<br>Taluk|Police||
||Employed|Durables|Tuition|Livelihood|Politics|Bank|<br>Office|<br>Station||
|**(c) TN**||||||||||
|ST x exp|-0.00738|0.0164|0.0324|0.0496|0.0645|0.0400|-0.0673|-0.0212||
||(-0.23)|(0.33)|(0.66)|(0.96)|(1.81)|(0.83)|(-1.45)|(-1.49)||
|MBC × exp|-0.00862|-0.00203|-0.0107|-0.0177|-0.0118|-0.0314*|-0.0277|-0.00177||
||(-0.61)|(-0.14)|(-0.83)|(-1.16)|(-0.92)|(-2.03)|(-1.38)|(-0.16)||
|BC × exp|-0.0116|0.00119|-0.00241|0.00142|-0.00679|0.00430|0.0145|-0.00670||
||(-1.11)|(0.14)|(-0.28)|(0.15)|(-0.96)|(0.40)|(0.82)|(-0.79)||

Notes: (1) Source: Author's calculations based on data collected by Social Observatory, World Bank and Government of Bihar, Odisha and Tamil Nadu for the respective states. (2) SC is the omitted caste group. (3) Each column represents a separate regression wherein an `empowerment indicator’ is regressed on variables that are reported as well as additional controls: age, age squared, marital status of the woman, age at marriage, and a dummy variable for some schooling of the female respondent; a dummy variable for whether it is female-headed household, per-capital expenditure, per-capita expenditure squared, landholdings, education of the household head, number of members in the household and panchayat level fixed-effects. The female employment is run for all female adults in the sample (individual level). (4) We report robust standard errors in the brackets. (5) We report the level of significance: * p value < 05 , ** p value < .01 and *** p value < .001.

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