Table S1.3 Average Wage and Size of the Formal Workforce in Household Surveys versus Administrative Data

|_a. Br_|_azil_|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Year|Number of frms|Number of f|ormal workers|Average|log real wage (ppp)|
||RAIS|RAIS|PNAD|RAIS|PNAD|
|1995|1,007,491|15,208,033|18,353,257|6.128|6.170|
|1996|1,082,197|15,793,866|18,481,332|6.127|6.174|
|1997|1,222,684|16,947,898|20,382,370|6.137|6.092|
|1998|1,281,059|17,160,371|20,889,209|6.135|6.101|
|1999|1,348,541|17,661,290|20,949,785|6.105|6.051|
|2001|1,495,028|19,545,908|27,124,772|6.106|6.052|
|2002|1,580,489|20,462,491|25,108,709|6.097|6.015|
|2003|1,635,272|21,203,348|26,102,820|6.081|5.984|
|2004|1,718,258|22,959,016|27,737,267|6.086|5.992|
|2005|1,980,565|24,316,954|29,212,251|6.084|6.018|
|2006|2,074,024|25,727,246|30,435,573|6.130|6.074|
|2007|2,158,061|27,623,531|32,455,464|6.161|6.108|
|2008|2,269,564|29,572,135|34,808,847|6.194|6.130|
|2009|2,385,507|30,715,862|35,447,309|6.228|6.161|
|2011|2,434,764|34,836,544|37,818,719|6.315|6.211|
|2012|2,541,644|36,193,865|39,462,965|6.371|6.271|
|2013|2,643,683|37,124,736|40,295,263|6.410|6.301|
|2014|2,730,265|37,472,475|41,470,338|6.420|6.306|
|_b. Co_|_sta Rica_|||||
|Year|Number of frms|Number of f|ormal workers|Average|log real wage (ppp)|
||CCSS|CCSS|ENAHO|CCSS|ENAHO|
|2006|47,145|591,651|671,509|6.592|6.602|
|2007|51,708|661,500|754,661|6.620|6.618|
|2008|55,841|722,110|748,548|6.641|6.637|
|2009|58,870|724,383|785,676|6.674|6.696|
|2010|59,444|714,004|851,565|6.705|6.664|
|2011|58,577|678,884|859,973|6.765|6.697|
|_c. Ec_|_uador_|||||
|Year|Number of frms|Number of f|ormal workers|Average|log real wage (ppp)|
||IESS|IESS|ENEMDU|IESS|ENEMDU|
|2006|62,604|812,659|776,552|6.242|6.436|
|2007|70,755|894,719|786,785|6.278|6.461|
|2008|78,204|978,916|907,028|6.31|6.435|
|2009|87,858|1,094,927|987,285|6.372|6.436|
|2010|102,339|1,172,687|1,195,190|6.409|6.45|
|2011|126,161|1,314,478|1,416,680|6.425|6.488|
|2012|152,355|1,484,112|1,476,213|6.442|6.518|

_Note_ : The table reports the average log real wage and total number of workers, working in the private sector, in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Ecuador, using household surveys and administrative data. Wages are defined as real monthly wage in the main occupation. Values are deflated using consumer price indexes and purchasing power parities between each local currency and dollars. All totals from the household surveys are computed applying sampling weights/expansion factors provided by the Institutes of Statistics. Formal workers are defined in PNAD, ENAHO and ENEMDU as those who report having access to a pension through their job. RAIS refers to Brazil’s Social Security Records (Rela ̧c ̃ao Anual de Informa ̧c ̃oes Sociais), PNAD refers to Brazil’s National Household Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic ́ılios), CCSS refers to Costa Rica’s Social Security Records (Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social), ENAHO refers to Costa Rica’s National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares), IESS refers to Ecuador’s Social Security Records (Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social), and ENEMDU refers to Ecuador’s National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo). PPP = purchasing power parity.

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