or insufficient information to chose between interventions, and to ensure compliance with treatment regimes. Other findings include poor preparedness to deal with STI sufferers due to drug stock-outs; lack of equipment to deal with obstetric complications; and poor prescription practices (Macro International 2000).

The Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Facility Survey was carried out with assistance from MEASURE DHS+. The objective was to provide information on the availability and use of selected reproductive and child health services in Tanzania. The survey included government, NGO and for-profit providers, and covered hospitals, health centers, and dispensaries. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on the community, facility, facility inventory, service provider (staff), pharmacy inventory, and district health management team. The sample was designed to capture the "market of facility services". This was done by sampling all facilities within a concentric ring of the enumeration area, rather than the nearest facility within 30 km of the EA (as in previous surveys) (National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania) and MEASURE Evaluation 2000).

## _Research and Publications_

- Beegle, K. 1995. "The Quality and Availability of Family Planning Services and Contraceptive Use in Tanzania." The Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 114 Washington: World Bank.

- Feyisetan, B. J. and M. Ainsworth. 1996. "Contraceptive Use and the Quality, Price, and Availability of Family Planning in Nigeria." _World Bank Economic Review,_ 10: 1, pp. 159-87.

- Mroz, T. A., K. A. Bollen, I. S. Speizer, and D. J. Mancini. 1999. "Quality, accessibility, and contraceptive use in rural Tanzania." _Demography,_ 36:1, pp. 23-40.

- Steele, F., S. L. Curtis, and M. Choe. 1999. "The impact of family planning service provision on contraceptive-use dynamics in Morocco." _Stud Fam Plann,_ 30:1, pp. 28-42.

# _The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)_

The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) was established by the World Bank in 1980 to explore ways of improving the type and quality of household data collected by government statistical offices in developing countries. LSMS surveys are multitopic surveys, designed to permit four types of analysis: (i) simple descriptive statistics on living standards; (ii) monitoring of poverty and living standards over time; (iii) describing the incidence and coverage of government programs; and (iv) measuring the impact of policies and programs on household behavior and welfare (Grosh and others 2000). The first surveys were implemented in Cote d'Ivoire and Peru. Other early surveys followed a similar format, although considerable variation has been introduced over time.

The household questionnaire forms the heart of LSMS survey. It typically includes a health module that provides information on (i) health related behavior; (ii) the utilization of health services; (ii) health expenditures; (iv) insurance status; (v) access to health services. The level of detail of the health section has however varied across surveys. Complementary data are typically collected through community and price questionnaires. In fact, over half of the LSMS surveys conducted before 1997 included community and price questionnaires.

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