<!-- Start of picture text --> Immunization Measles vs Health Expenditure Immunization Measles vs Health Expenditure<br>KORMYSMUSARETT OOMN THADOMIDNKWTMEXBHSPHLCHLMARIRNBHRBLZAZEKA ZCHNLKAEGYGTMLBNSWZKNAFJIPERDZAALBSY RECULCAGEOVUTVNMPRYATGBGDBRAGHANPLVENTONKGZTJKUKRKE NGRDJ AMHNDARMCPVTKMUZBBDIGMBRWASLVTZAZMBNICMWITURBWAERICOLMDABGRZAFLVARUSSAUMNGVCTSLBGUYLSOZWEJORW SMDMABLRROMBRBPOLTUNLTUCRIPANURYESTMKD ARGSVKHUN HRV CZESVN KORMYSMU SARETT OOMN THADOMKWTIDNMEXBHSPHLCHLIRNMARBHRAZEKA ZBLZCHNLKAEGYLBNGTMSWZKNAFJIPERSY RALBDZAEC UL CAGEOVUTVNMATGPRYBRABGDGH ANPLVENTONKGZTJKUKRKE NGRDJ AMARMHNDCPVTKMUZBBDIGMBRWASLVTZAZMBMWINI CTURBWAERICOLMDABGRZAF RUS LVASAUMNGVCTSLBGUYLSOZWEJORW SMDMABLRROMBRBPOLTUNLTUCRIPANURYESTMKD ARGSVKHUN HRV CZESVN<br>BENBOL BENBOL<br>CIVAGOLAOCOMMRTYEM NAM CIVAGOLAOCOMMRTYEM NAM<br>GA B INDCMRPAKSDNKHMGINTGOUGAHTIMDGSENSLEGNBPNGMOZ GA B INDCMRPAKSDNKHMGI NTGOUGAHTIMDGSENSLEGNBPNGMOZ<br>MLIETH MLIETH<br>NGABFA NGABFA<br>CAFNER DJI CAFNER DJI<br>TCD TCD<br>COGZAR COGZAR<br>300 400 500 600 700 800 300 400 500 600 700 800<br>Orthogonalized Public Expditure on Health Orthogonalized Public Expditure on Health<br>Daat Source: World Bank WDI Daat Source: World Bank WDI<br>(c.1) (c.2)<br>DALE vs Health Expenditure DALE vs Health Expenditure<br>DMA DMA<br>KORMYSMUSARETT OOMN THADOMKWTIDNMEXBHSPHLCHLIRNMARBHRKAZAZEBLZCHNINDLKAEGYLBNGTMKNAFJIPERDZAALBSY RL CAECUPAKGEOVUTVNMATGPRYBRAVE NTONKGZUKRTJKARMGRDJ AMHNDCPVUZBTKMSLVBOLTURNICCOLMDABGRLVARUSSAUMNGVCTSLBGUYJORW SMBLRROMBRBPOLTUNLTUCRIPANURYESTMKD ARGSVKHUN HRV CZE SVN KORMYSMU SARETT OOMN THADOMKWTIDNMEXBHSPHLCHLIRNMARBHRKAZAZEBLZCHNINDLKAEGYLBNGTMKNAFJIPERDZAALBSY RL CAEC UPAKGEOVUTVNMPRYATGBRAVE NTONKGZUKRTJKARMGRDHNDJ AMCPVUZBTKMSLVBOLNI CTURCOLMDABGRLVARUSSAUMNGVCTSLBGUYJORW SMBLRROMBRBPOLTUNLTUCRIPANURYESTMKD ARGSVKHUN HRV CZE SVN<br>BGDNPLYEM BGDNPLYEM<br>GA B SWZCMRSDNKHMCIVAGOGINLAOCOMTGOGHANGAMRTBENCOGHTIKE NZARBFAUGAMDGETHMLISENTCDBDIGMBTZARWAGNBPNGERIMOZBWAZAFDJILSOZWE NAM GA B SWZCMRSDNKHMCIVAGOGI NLAOCOMTGOGH ANGAMRTBENCOGHTIKE NZARBFAUGAMDGETHMLISENTC DBDIGMBTZARWAGNBPN GERIMOZBWAZAFDJILSOZWE NAM<br>NERZMBMWI NERZMBMWI<br>SLE SLE<br>300 400 500 600 700 800 300 400 500 600 700 800<br>Orthogonalized Public Expditure on Health Orthogonalized Public Expditure on Health<br>Daat Source: World Bank WDI, Mathers et al (2000) Daat Source: World Bank WDI, Mathers et al (2000)<br>(d.1) (d.1)<br>100 100<br>80 80<br>60 60<br>Immunization Measles 40 Immunization Measles 40<br>20 20<br>70 70<br>60 60<br>50 50<br>40 40<br>Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy<br>30 30<br><!-- End of picture text -->

**Figure 8. Health Efficiency Frontier: Single Input and Single Output**

Several results may be highlighted:

- a. The input efficiency scores obtained for each of the output indicators are highly correlated. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient oscillates between .66 and .94, with a mean of 0.81 (see Tables C.1 and C.2 in Appendix C).  This indicates that the efficiency ranking is very similar regardless of the output indicator being used.

- b. Despite the orthogonalization by GDP the relatively rich countries tend to be in the less efficient group. The group of inefficient producers tend to concentrate in two groups of countries: one group of relatively rich countries like the Czech Republic, Croatia, Slovenia, and Hungary that have big expenditure levels and not extremely high output (input inefficiency) and other group of countries that spend relatively little but their output indicators could be substantially larger, like Sierra Leone, Namibia, Zimbawe, and Lesotho

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