46 million to US$3.8 billion and that of imports almost four times from US$1.7 billion to US$6.3 billion. As a result, export earnings cover 61 percent of imports up from 26 percent in 1993. The share of these products and parts in EU-destined manufactured exports increased from 2 percent to 6 percent over this period. Their share in imports increased much less-from 5 to 7 percent. These data suggest that 'information revolution' sectors-both as inputs embodying high technology and production activity-are no longer marginal in CEEC-10 economies.

Table 18: 'Information Revolution' Networks in Trade of CEEC, 1993 (A) and 1998 (B), in million of US dollars and percent

|Commodity & Parts|Bulgaria<br>A<br>B|Czech<br>A|Rep.<br>B|Estonia<br>A<br>B|Hung<br>A|ary<br>B|Latvia<br>A<br>B|Lithu<br>A|ania<br>B|Pola<br>A|nd<br>B|Roma<br>A|nia<br>B|Slova<br>A|kia<br>B|Slove<br>A|nia<br>B|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Final products exports|5 12|29|90|<br>0 168|38|1,222|<br>1<br>2|0|7|11|562|6|6|2|8|<br>14|27|
|Parts and<br>components exports|2<br>6|48|259|_2_110|196|827|<br>0<br>3|0|36|78|294|1|23|5|136|<br>18|19|
|Parts and<br>components imports|19 54|225|475|3 268|342|1,537|<br>7 34|6|39|256|785|60|165|48|214|<br>56|109|
|Final exports minus<br>parts/components<br>imports|-14 -42|-196|-385|-3 -100|-304|-315|<br>-6 -32|-6|-32|-245|-223|-55 -|159|-46|-206|-43|-82|
|Final products imports|24<br>57|154|397|3 110|140|391|<br>8 63|7|86|260|954|<br>32|238|45|173|<br>39|110|
|Memo: shares of inform|ation net|works in|(per|cent)||||||||||||||
|EU-oriented<br>manufactures exports|1.0 1.0|1.5|2.4|1.5 22.7|5.7|14.0|0.6 0.8|0.3|3.6|1.3|5.9|0.4|0.6|0.5|2.6|<br>0.9|0.9|
|In Imports (final &<br>Parts) from EU|3.3 5.0|5.2|5.2|3.1 15.4|7.2|12.5|4.5 6.4|3.4|6.0|5.0|6.5|4.1|6.5|5.8|6.7|<br>2.7|3.5|
|Overall Balance (US $ million)|-35 -93|-302|-523|-4 -100<br>|-248<br>1|121|-14 -92|-13|-82|-428|-863|-86|-374|-85|-243|-64|-173|

**Source:** Computations based on EU data from UN COMTRADE Statistics.

But this is not so for all of them. In fact, there are significant differences among CEEC in terms of significance of this trade. First, the share of 'information' exports in manufactured exports is larger or equal to the average (6%) for CEEC-10 only for three countries-Estonia (17%), Hungary (12%), and Poland (6%). These three countries accounted in 1998 for 83 percent of aggregate CEEC-10 exports and 70 percent of their imports of parts and components.

Second, CEEC-10 tend to specialize in exports of parts and components rather than in exports of final products and import more parts than final product in terms of value. Exports of parts and components grew faster over 1993-97 that those of final products. There are, however, some exceptions. Hungary and Poland expanded exports of final products more than exports of parts and components in terms of value between 1993 and 1998.

Third, the share of both exports and imports in manufactured trade with the EU has been on the increase in CEEC-10, even though mostly from very low levels and at uneven pace. The most dramatic expansion experienced Lithuania (17 times), followed by Estonia (more than a tenfold increase), Slovakia (4.6 times), Poland (3.7 times), and Hungary (2.2 times). Hungary, who