immunized with polio, DPT, BCG, and measles. To the extent that this is possible, these data were collected from households’immunization cards.

According to the Uganda National Expanded Program on Immunization (UNEPI), each child in Uganda is suppose to be immunized against measles (one dose at 9 months and two doses in case of an epidemic); DPT (three doses at 6 weeks, 10 weeks and 14 weeks); BCG (one dose at birth or during the ...rst contact with a health facility); and polio (three doses, or four if delivery takes place at the facility, at 6 weeks, 10 weeks and 14 weeks). To account for these immunization requirements, we create dummy variables taking the value of one if child i of cohort (age) j had received the required dose(s) of measles, DPT, BCG, and polio, respectively, and zero otherwise. We then estimate (2), using these binary indicators (for measles, DPT, BCG, and polio) as dependent variables for each age group (0-12 months, 13-24 months, 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and 49-60 months). The results are reported in tables 5a-5d.

There are signi...cant positive di¤erences between households in the treatment and control community for all four vaccines, although not for all cohorts. The program impact on measles vaccination is presented in table 5a. Approximately 34 percent of the children under one year have received at least one dose against measles. There is no signi...cant di¤erence between treatment and control groups (regression 1). For oneyear old children (13-24 months), however, we ...nd a signi...cant di¤erence (regression 2). In the control group, 79 percent of the children have been immunized, while the corresponding number in the treatment group is 5.6 percentage points higher. A smaller, but signi...cant, di¤erence also shows up in the cohort of three-year old children (37-48 months) (regression 4). Table 5b reports the results on immunization against polio. There are positive and signi...cant di¤erences in all but the oldest age group (regressions 6-9). The di¤erence is largest for the youngest cohort (9.5 percentage points). For DPT, in table 5c, we ...nd a signi...cant positive di¤erence in two out of ...ve cohorts and for BCG, in table 5d, we ...nd a positive and signi...cant di¤erence (7.8 percentage points) for the youngest cohort (regression 1).

According to the government health sector strategic plan, preventive care is one of the core tasks for health providers at the primary level. Although we did not collect data on households’knowledge about health and various preventive measures, we have data on to what extent households have been informed about the potential dangers of self-treatment and if they have received information about family planning. Table 6 shows that a signi...cantly larger share of households in the treatment communities have received information about the dangers of self-treatment (regression 1), and the importance of family planning (regression 2). The di¤erence is 9 and 7 percentage points, respectively.<sup>25</sup>

> 25As a reference point, the share of households that have received information about the dangers of self-treatment and the importance of family planning are 32 percent and 30 percent, respectively, in the control communities, implying a 28% and 23% increase in health knowledge.

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