|d no<br>No training and<br>no temporary<br>-0.029<br>(0.010)**<br>-0.027<br>(0.023)<br>-0.041<br>(0.016)**<br>-0.131<br>(0.021)**|-0.117<br>(0.014)**<br>-0.161<br>(0.020)**<br>-0.023<br>(0.030)<br>-0.138<br>(0.059)*<br>-0.258<br>(0.041)**|-0.130<br>(0.042)**<br>-0.122<br>(0.031)**<br>0.060<br>(0.069)<br>0.263<br>2 = 0.005<br>= significant at 5%; ** =|
|---|---|---|
|and<br>Training an<br>temporary<br>-0.022<br>(0.017)<br>-0.066<br>(0.022)**<br>0.010<br>(0.027)<br>0.078<br>(0.020)**|0.053<br>(0.016)**<br>0.132<br>(0.029)**<br>-0.069<br>(0.032)*<br>0.043<br>(0.051)<br>0.059<br>(0.057)|(Mean)<br>0.060<br>(0.055)<br>0.128<br>(0.066)+<br>0.106<br>(0.073)<br>9685 (37)<br>0.312<br>.896;Prob > chi<br>nificant at 10%; *|
|d<br>No training<br>temporary<br>0.017<br>(0.013)<br>0.050<br>(0.020)*<br>-0.009<br>(0.019)<br>-0.052<br>(0.014)**|-0.043<br>(0.010)**<br>-0.098<br>(0.014)**<br>0.051<br>(0.025)*<br>-0.026<br>(0.037)<br>-0.105<br>(0.024)**|-0.055<br>(0.030)+<br>-0.088<br>(0.038)*<br>-0.073<br>(0.043)+<br>0.167<br>Chi2(1)= 7<br>in italics. + = sig|
|<br>Training an<br>temporary<br>0.035<br>(0.010)**<br>0.043<br>(0.026)+<br>0.040<br>(0.017)*<br>0.105<br>(0.018)**|0.107<br>(0.016)**<br>0.127<br>(0.031)**<br>0.041<br>(0.031)<br>0.121<br>(0.054)*<br>0.304<br>(0.075)**|0.125<br>(0.065)+<br>0.082<br>(0.042)+<br>-0.092<br>(0.062)<br>0.258<br>in parentheses|
|no<br>No training and<br>no temporary<br>-0.028<br>(0.010)**<br>-0.023<br>(0.025)<br>-0.039<br>(0.017)*<br>-0.134<br>(0.023)**|-0.114<br>(0.014)**<br>-0.160<br>(0.021)**<br>-0.025<br>(0.031)<br>-0.127<br>(0.055)*<br>-0.263<br>(0.039)**|-0.142<br>(0.043)**<br>-0.149<br>(0.040)**<br>0.033<br>(0.062)<br>0.264<br>0.004<br>dummies are indicated|
|**Probit model)**<br>No training and<br>temporary<br>Training and<br>temporary<br>0.015<br>-0.020<br>(0.013)<br>(0.017)<br>0.048<br>-0.063<br>(0.019)*<br>(0.022)**<br>-0.009<br>0.011<br>(0.018)<br>(0.025)<br>-0.042<br>0.066<br>(0.011)**<br>(0.017)**|-0.046<br>0.057<br>(0.010)**<br>(0.016)**<br>-0.100<br>0.138<br>(0.014)**<br>(0.031)**<br>0.052<br>-0.072<br>(0.025)*<br>(0.031)*<br>-0.042<br>0.063<br>(0.036)<br>(0.048)<br>-0.107<br>0.059<br>(0.025)**<br>(0.058)|(Median)<br>-0.073<br>0.087<br>(0.025)**<br>(0.044)+<br>-0.070<br>0.083<br>(0.035)*<br>(0.062)<br>-0.089<br>0.150<br>(0.039)*<br>(0.082)+<br>9685 (37)<br>0.166<br>0.310<br>Chi2(1)= 8.186;Prob > chi2 =<br>). Where relevant, base categories of|
|**m the Bivariate**<br>Training and<br>temporary<br>0.033<br>(0.010)**<br>0.038<br>(0.027)<br>0.037<br>(0.020)+<br>0.111<br>(0.020)**|0.103<br>(0.015)**<br>0.122<br>(0.033)**<br>0.044<br>(0.032)<br>0.106<br>(0.055)+<br>0.310<br>(0.068)**|0.129<br>(0.063)*<br>0.136<br>(0.056)*<br>-0.028<br>(0.086)<br>0.260<br>clustering on country|
|**workers. (Marginal effects fro**<br>_Age (Less than 5 years old)_<br>5 to 15 years old<br>16 or more<br>Ownership (Public)<br>Innovator|_Size (Less than 20 employees)_<br>20 to 100 employees<br>More than 100 employees<br>Sector (Manufacturing)<br>_Country income level (Low income)_<br>Lower Middle income<br>Upper Middle income or high income|_Regulatory mix (Low TER and low RER)_<br>High TER and High RER<br>Low TER and High RER<br>High TER and Low RER<br>Observations (number of countries)<br>Predicted probability at the mean<br>Wald test for rho = 0<br>Standard errors in parentheses (and adjusted for<br>significant at 1%. Data source: ICS|