<mark>Figure 1. Kernel density functions of standardized cognitive and noncognitive skills</mark> <!-- Start of picture text --> Literacy proficiency plausible values (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Openness (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Conscientiousness (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Extraversion (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Agreeableness (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Emotional stability (Z score)'<br>Males and females aged 25-54<br>Armenia Bolivia Colombia<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Georgia Ghana Kenya<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Serbia Ukraine Vietnam<br>-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4<br>Males Females<br>Kernel densities of standardized scores<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br>.4 .4 .4<br>.3 .3 .3<br>.2 .2 .2<br>.1 .1 .1<br>0 0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> 62