|**Table2b:The Determinants of Adult Time**|**Use (Hous**<br>Total|**ework and T**<br>Work**e**|**otal Work**|**) in****_Urban_**<br>Hous|**Peru, 1994 a**<br>ework|**ndl1997a**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||Parici|pation|Individu|al Share'|
||Female<br>(1|Male<br>(2|<br>Female<br>_(3)_|<br>Male<br>(4)|Female<br> <br>_(5)_|T Male<br>_(6)_|
|Child Sick'~|-0.079|0.007|--|-0.093|0.043|-0.025_|
|___________<br>___________<br>__________|_(-0.96)_|_(0.07)_||_(- . 3 _|_13 )_|_(-0.62)_|
|Adult Sick|0.064|-0.184|---|0.289|-0.088|0. 146"|
|__________________________<br>____|_(0.43)_|_(-0.92)_||_(-1.13)_|_(-1.54)_|_(.6_|
|Female /Male unemployment <sup>5</sup>|----|||-|-||
|=1~if individual is household head<br>___|0.027|0.354"|-|0.083|-0.022|-0.123a*|
|=1 if household<br>is female|_(~~0.212_|_J 2.I9_|____|_(.3)_|_03.4_<br>_6) _|_{213)_|
|=1_i______________ema__headed|0.096|0.393"|-|0.048|-0.13 8*|-0.067|
|________________________|_(1.0_<br>_- 2)_|_(2.53)_|_<br>_<br>___|_L_0.21_|_(-363)_|_(1 212._|
|Age<br>____|0.l111|0. 118'|-|**-0.025**|**-0.035"**|**-0.041**|
|__________<br>__________<br>__________<br>____|___<br>_1255)_|_(8.54)_||_j-.46)_|_(-989)_|_(-8.35)_|
|Square of age**(x10-3)**<br>____<br>_|-1.268"~|<br>-1.399"~-||0.199|0.389**|<br>0.495"|
|____________________|_~~(-13._|_47)_<br>_(10.28)_|_____|_(.17)_|_(10.27)_|_(10.29)_|
|=1 if household is of native origin|0.031|-0.105|--|0.191|-0.092*|0.058|
|Education (years)|-0.00 1<br>|0.013<br>|--|0.015<br>|-0.001<br>|_-0.005_<br>|
||_(-0.07)_|__(1.14)_|-|_(0)_|_(-0.23)_|_(-1.31)_|
|#of children under 4 years|0.073'|0.110s|-|0.194*|-0.007|-0.037*|
|_____**_**<br>_____<br>____<br>_____<br>_____<br>_____|_( ._<br>____|_(1.92)_||_(2.57)_ _|_(-. 50Q._<br>_)_|_(-1.89)_|
|#of adolescent females between 5_&_14|-0.007|_-0.005_|_---_|_0.l150*_|<br>0.009|-0.021|
|______________________<br>____|_(-0.20)_|_(0.10O)_||_(-2.31_||__U068_<br>_-. 17)_|
|**#of**adult females between 15 & 60|-0.082*|-0.107"|--|0.139"|-0.0 12|0.008|
|______________**_**_____<br>____|_(-.97)_|_(-2.53)_|___|<br>_(-~2.58)_|_(-1.07)_|_(0.57)_|
|#of elderly females, over 60|-0.033|-0.293"|---|0.211|_-0.050*_|0.060'|
|_________________________<br>_____|_(-0.44)_|_f285)_||_(159)_|_(-1. 79)_|_(.66)_|
|=1if household energy is fuelwood/coal|-|<br>--||<br>--||-|
|Duration of public water supply (minslday)|------|||||-|
|=1 if water source is outside the household.|----|||--||-|
|_n_<br>_____|_1466_|_1400_||_1400_|_1420_|_943_|
|_Wald statistic(XIwith 24 df)_|_427.66_|_378.52_||_54.08_|_205.28_|_344.55_|
|_,p(= a[1a,+ aOJ_<br>___|_0.21_|_0.28_||_0.15_|_0.34_|_0.46_|
|<br> <br>_R_<sup>_2 _</sup>_within)_<br>_--_|_0.06_|_0.05_|______0.06_|||_0.10_|
|_R_<sup>_2 _</sup>_(b~etween)_<br>-<br>|_0.34_|_0.33_|_0.18_|||_0.33_|
|<br>_<br>__<br>_R2 (overall)02_||_.5_|_______<br>_________||_0.15_|_0.31_|
|**a**Only the estimation results with respect to s|elected varia|bles are pre|sented here|. The larger|regression a|lso included year dummy,|
|cluster wages and proportion of cluster emplo<br>**_b_**The decision to participate in the activity. E|yment in for<br>stimated usi|mal sector.<br>ng a random|Standard er<br>-effects pr|rors are giv<br>obit.|en in below c|oefficient estimates.|

**d** Individual's time in the activity as a **%** of the individual's total work time. Random-effects regression. Limit values were excluded. **e** Includes time allocated to housework, self-employment and work for wages. In log of hours per week.

**f** Both child and adult sickness are considered endogenous. See the appendix for details.

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