# **D. Robustness: Simulation Using Data on Individuals**

**Table D.1 – Cigarettes Price Elasticities, by Decile**

|_Price Elasticity_|_1_|_2_|_3_|_4_|_5_|_6_|_7_|_8_|_9_|_10_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Lower bound|-0.032|-0.014|0.005|0.015|0.020|0.017|0.018|0.026|0.029|0.036|
|Medium|-0.232|-0.214|-0.195|-0.185|-0.180|-0.183|-0.182|-0.174|-0.171|-0.164|
|Upper bound|-0.432|-0.414|-0.395|-0.385|-0.380|-0.383|-0.382|-0.374|-0.371|-0.364|

_Source:_ Estimates based on Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–HSE 2010–16. _Note_ : Deciles were created using individual expenditure. Lower- and upper-bound elasticities show on average differences of −0.2 and +0.2, respectively, with the medium-bound elasticity. Demographic controls include: area, macro region and year fixed effects.

**Table D.2 - Direct Effect of Price Increase through Taxes (%), by Decile**

|_Price shock scenario_|_1_|_2_|_3_|_4_|_5_|_6_|_7_|_8_|_9_|_10_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Complete pass-through|-0.59|-0.46|-0.31|-0.31|-0.26|-0.29|-0.22|-0.20|-0.14|-0.08|
|Low-bound elasticity|-0.57|-0.45|-0.31|-0.31|-0.27|-0.29|-0.23|-0.21|-0.15|-0.09|
|Medium elasticity|-0.42|-0.34|-0.23|-0.24|-0.20|-0.22|-0.17|-0.16|-0.11|-0.07|
|Upper-bound elasticity|-0.27|-0.22|-0.16|-0.16|-0.14|-0.15|-0.11|-0.11|-0.08|-0.05|

_Source:_ Estimates based on Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–HSE 2016. _Note:_ The table shows the share of total consumption for each decile. Complete pass-through refers to elasticity equal to zero; consumers pay all the increased prices, and this does not affect the quantity purchased.

**Table D.3 - Reduction in Medical Costs (%), by Decile**

|_Price shock scenario_|_1_|_2_|_3_|_4_|_5_|_6_|_7_|_8_|_9_|_10_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Low-bound elasticity|0.09|0.03|-0.01|-0.02|-0.02|-0.02|-0.01|-0.02|-0.01|-0.01|
|Medium elasticity|0.66|0.42|0.27|0.21|0.18|0.18|0.14|0.12|0.08|0.04|
|Upper-bound elasticity|1.24|0.80|0.55|0.44|0.39|0.39|0.30|0.25|0.18|0.09|

_Source:_ Estimates based on Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–HSE 2016. _Note:_ The table reports the share of total consumption for each decile.

**Table D.4 – Years of Working Life Lost (%), by Decile**

|_Price shock scenario_|_1_|_2_|_3_|_4_|_5_|_6_|_7_|_8_|_9_|_10_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Low-bound elasticity|0.03|0.01|0.00|-0.01|-0.02|-0.02|-0.02|-0.03|-0.03|-0.04|
|Medium elasticity|0.20|0.21|0.17|0.17|0.17|0.21|0.19|0.20|0.18|0.20|
|Upper-bound elasticity|0.38|0.41|0.35|0.35|0.36|0.43|0.41|0.42|0.40|0.45|

_Source:_ Estimates based on Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–HSE 2016. _Note:_ The table reports the share of total individual consumption for each decile. Years of life lost have been estimated using all deaths from tobacco-related diseases.

**Table D.5 - Net Effect on Household Expenditures (%), by Decile**

|_Price shock scenario_|_1_|_2_|_3_|_4_|_5_|_6_|_7_|_8_|_9_|_10_|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Low-bound elasticity|-0.45|-0.41|-0.32|-0.34|-0.31|-0.33|-0.26|-0.25|-0.19|-0.14|
|Medium elasticity|0.45|0.29|0.21|0.14|0.15|0.17|0.17|0.16|0.15|0.18|
|Upper-bound elasticity|1.34|0.99|0.74|0.62|0.61|0.67|0.59|0.57|0.50|0.49|

_Source:_ Estimates based on Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey–HSE 2016. _Note:_ The table reports the share of total consumption for each decile.

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