# 4.4. Planning the multi-mode data collection

The operational costs of the survey limit the tracking rules; thus, movers who leave the sampled area (i.e. enumeration area, the parish, district, etc.) cannot be tracked in all cases. To obtain synthetic information on the variables of interest for movers and to reduce panel attrition due to movers, a cost-effective strategy is to conduct a telephone interview. In this case, a shortened questionnaire is preferable or, in more sophisticated cases, the survey design may include a CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) interview and the panel survey will rely on multi-mode data collection.

Finally, the standard questionnaire needs to ask for the telephone number to avoid nonresponse of movers in future waves.

# 5. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE LSMS-ISA PANEL SURVEYS

We test this methodological framework through a simulation using real data from the Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA), conducted with the support of the World Bank. The purpose of the simulation is to verify the properties and usability of the proposed estimator and to compare its estimates with those currently produced in a specific application case. The LSMS–ISA surveys are quite heterogeneous when considering the entire estimation process, including the sampling plan, the tracking protocol, the target parameters, the set of auxiliary variables, and the estimators used. For the sake of simplicity, the proposed estimator does not include all the specific issues and technicalities affecting the survey used in the simulation. Instead, we focus on the main steps of the process that are common to all longitudinal surveys to draw general conclusions that are not survey specific.

LSMS-ISA surveys are nationally representative, longitudinal household surveys designed to understand the relationship between living standards and agriculture in Africa. Since its launch in 2008, the LSMS-ISA project has worked with statistical offices in eight partner countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, providing technical assistance to design and implement multi-purpose household panel surveys with a strong focus on agriculture, while promoting innovation and efficiency in data collection methods. Table 5.1 summarizes the partner countries, the panel surveys supported, and the years of survey implementation.

Table <u>5.1 LSMS-ISA Surveys</u>

|**Country**|**Survey**|**Year**|
|---|---|---|
|**Burkina Faso**|Burkina Faso Enquête Harmonisée sur le<br>Conditions de Vie des Ménages(EHCVM)|2018/19, 2022|
|**Ethiopia**|Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS)|2011/2012, 2013/2014, 2015/2016,<br>2018/2019,2021/2022|
|**Malawi**|Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS3)|2010|
||Integrated Household Panel Survey (IHPS)|2013, 2016/2017, 2019/2020|
|**Mali**|Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée<br>(EAC-I)|2014/2017|
|**Niger**|National Survey on Household Living<br>Conditions and Agriculture(ECVM/A)|2011/2014|
|**Nigeria**|General Household Survey (GHS)|2010/2011, 2012/2013, 2015/2016,<br>2018/2019|
|**Tanzania**|Tanzania National Panel Survey (TZNPS)|2008/2009, 2010/2011, 2012/2013,<br>2014/2015,2020/2021|
|**Uganda**|Uganda National Panel Survey|2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/2012,<br>2013/2014, 2015/2016, 2018/2019,<br>2017/2018,2019/2020|

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