Table 6.2: TURKEY, Linear probability models for the probability of observing TFP and sales

|Dependent variables:|Missing|on TFP|Missing|on sales|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||[1]|[2]|[3]|[4]|
|Explanatory variables:|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|Coeff.<br>Std. Err.|
|Infrastructures:|||||
|Days to clearcustomsfor imports (a)|0.019<br>[0.0592]||0.0189<br>[0.0669]||
|Losses due to poweroutages (b)||||-0.0029<br>[0.0016]*|
|Losses due towateroutages (b)||||0.0035<br>[0.0010]***|
|Shipmentlosses (b)||||-0.0038<br>[0.0017]**|
|Dummyfore-mail(b)|0.021<br>[0.0341]||0.0811<br>[0.0378]**|0.1088<br>[0.0377]***|
|Electricity from generator (b)||0.0009<br>[0.0004]**|||
|Red tape, corruption and crime:|||||
|Crimelosses (b)||0.0024<br>[0.0005]***||0.0035<br>[0.0004]***|
|Security expenses (b)|0.1273<br>[0.0350]***||0.1322<br>[0.0403]***||
|Manager's time spent onbur. issues (b)||-0.003<br>[0.0009]***||-0.0025<br>[0.0012]**|
|Dummyforconsultant tohelp deal withbur. issues||-0.0693<br>[0.0175]***||-0.0713<br>[0.0270]**|
|Numberof inspections (B)|-0.0036<br>[0.0022]|-0.0221<br>[0.0129]*|0.0003<br>[0.0002]||
|Payments to deal withbureaucraticissues (a)|0.00001<br>[0.0002]|0.0013<br>[0.0004]***|0.0092<br>[0.0037]**|0.0019<br>[0.0004]***|
|Sales declaredfortaxes (a)|0.0087<br>[0.0035]**|-0.0011<br>[0.0004]**|-0.003<br>[0.0022]|-0.0013<br>[0.0004]***|
|Payments to obtaina contractwiththe government (b)|-0.0309<br>[0.0132]**|-0.0156<br>[0.0022]***|-0.0276<br>[0.0170]|-0.0136<br>[0.0028]***|
|Production lost due to absenteeism(b)|-0.0149<br>[0.0024]***||-0.0136<br>[0.0027]***||
|Dummyfor informalcompetition(b)|-0.0332<br>[0.0177]*||-0.0368<br>[0.0176]**||
|Delayinobtaining awatersupply (a)|-0.0282<br>[0.0214]||-0.033<br>[0.0238]||
|Dummy for lawsuit (b)||-0.0494<br>[0.0218]**||-0.0728<br>[0.0293]**|
|Finance:|||||
|Dummyforcreditline|-0.0763<br>[0.0243]***||-0.0908<br>[0.0247]***|-0.0778<br>[0.0232]***|
|Dummyforexternalauditory (a)|0.0443<br>[0.0194]**|-0.0548<br>[0.0234]**|0.0327<br>[0.0230]||
|Loansin foreigncurrency (b)|-0.0005<br>[0.0003]*||-0.0006<br>[0.0005]||
|Dummyfor new land purchased||-0.0528<br>[0.0313]*|||
|Dummyfor loandenominatedin Turkish Lira (b)||-0.1216<br>[0.0238]***||-0.1645<br>[0.0238]***|
|Dummyfor loandenominatedin foreigncurrency (b)||-0.1001<br>[0.0317]***||-0.1472<br>[0.0379]***|
|Dummy for long-term loan (b)||||0.1261<br>[0.0356]***|
|Quality, innovation and labor skills:|||||
|Dummyfor ISO quality certification(b)||0.0869<br>[0.0192]***||0.0696<br>[0.0206]***|
|Dummyfor newtechnology (b)||-0.1027<br>[0.0223]***||-0.0987<br>[0.0260]***|
|Dummyfor foreign licensed technology (b)||||0.0607<br>[0.0244]**|
|Staff withuniversity education(b)|0.0001<br>[0.0010]|0.0016<br>[0.0007]**|0.001<br>[0.0010]||
|Staff-part time workers|0.0018<br>[0.0007]**||0.0014<br>[0.0009]|0.0012<br>[0.0008]|
|Other control variables:|||||
|Dummyfor incorporated company||-0.092<br>[0.0557]||-0.0851<br>[0.0394]**|
|Age||||-0.0457<br>[0.0220]**|
|Market share||||0.0008<br>[0.0007]|
|Production lost due to strikes (b)|-0.0408<br>[0.0180]**||-0.0056<br>[0.0246]||
|Dummyfor recently privatizedfirm|0.0222<br>[0.0949]||-0.0344<br>[0.0877]||
|Dummy for competition against imported products|-0.0472<br>[0.0441]||-0.0261<br>[0.0393]||
|Constant|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Industry/region/size dummies|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Observations|1323|1323|1323|1323|
|R-squared|0.2|0.31|0.24|0.3|

See footnotes in Table 6.1. Source: Authors’ estimations with ICSs data.

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