_The Creative Wealth of Nations_ make music itself a tourist attraction, there is more to it: “music’s evocative qualities [can be] used to add credence to visual images, convey excitement, tradition, continuity with the past, elegance or escape.”<sup>218</sup> * Countries that have a long reputation for tourism related to the performing arts are worth serious study: Examples are diverse. They include Austria, Morocco, Jamaica and Ireland. In England, the BBC reports that “Music tourism 'boosts UK's economy by £2.2bn a year.'”<sup>219</sup> But where do countries like Lao People's Democratic Republic stand? The recipient of the 2013 World Tourism Best Destination Award, Lao is considered a ‘touristic’ and cultural paradise.<sup>220</sup> In 2012, Lao’s travel and tourism industry (directly and indirectly) contributed 14.6 percent of total employment or 433,500 jobs.<sup>221</sup> While this sector is expected to continue to grow, how do such aspects as music tourism figure into Lao’s development (or tourism diversification) strategy? The central question is to see how developing countries with a comparative advantage in the performing arts can fully benefit from cultural tourism. There is no ready formula. But the following approach, related to _learning by doing_ , may prove helpful. It is aptly provided in the WBG’s strategy:

- “Undertake measures based on pilot work already underway to help identify engagements with potentially transformational impact.” Further, it is critical to bear in mind that,

- “In many instances, transformational activities originate from outside the WBG—that is, the WBG is not the source of the transformation but helps scale up success or play a connector role, communicating a successful experience to other clients. The WBG can expand its role as a platform to disseminate and/or scale up the impact of external development innovations with transformational potential.”<sup>222</sup>

# **8) On Intellectual Property Rights**

# _Education_

It is easy to default to education as a way to get around difficult problems. Here, however, education cannot be seen or used merely as ‘sugar-coating;’ rather, it should be applied to adapt and bolster evidence-based solutions. Moreover, due to the intricate and extensive nature of intellectual property, it can be difficult to teach.<sup>223</sup> Reasons for this include: 1) the way

> 218 Ibid.

> * As an aside, though there is nothing wrong with using a Mozart sound track in a movie about, say, Haiti in this case, playing Haiti’s own music may paint a more supportive picture.

> 219 “Music Tourism 'Boosts UK's Economy by £2.2bn a Year',” BBC, October 11, 2013, accessed May 22, 2014, http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/24496893.

> 220 “Laos is Selected as World Best Tourist Destination for 2013,” European Council on Tourism and Trade, May 3, 2013, accessed May 23, 2014, http://ectt.webs.com/apps/blog/show/26126702-laos-is-selected-as- <u>world-best-tourist-destination-for-2013.</u>

> 221 _Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2013_ (London: World Travel & Tourism Council), 2013, accessed May 23, 2014, http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/laos2013.pdf.

> 222 The World Bank Group. 2014. _The World Bank Group Strategy._

> 223 “Unlike Tort Law or Criminal Law, IP deals not only with Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks and Trade Secrets but also with Unfair Competition, Right of Publicity and more. Moreover, IP interacts with many other areas of law such as Antitrust, Torts, Property Law, [Customary Law], and Contracts. Yet the legal aspects of IP are only one part of the story. To get a thorough understanding of IP, one should also have a good grasp of its economic rationales, political ideology and the prevailing theories that brought this area to life. Furthermore, theoretical

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