**Table A1. Pioneer firms by country** **_(Continued)_**

|Lithuania<br>LTU|ECA|HIC|270|2013|No|85|32.08|8|3.07|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Malawi<br>MWI|SSA|LIC|523|2014|Yes|378|72.97|28|5.51|
|Malaysia<br>MYS|EAP|UMIC|1000|2015|No|492|49.55|5|0.52|
|Mali<br>MLI|SSA|LIC|185|2016|Yes|88|47.83|5|2.78|
|Mauritania<br>MRT|SSA|LMIC|150|2014|No|113|75.33|19|12.84|
|Mexico<br>MEX|LAC|UMIC|1480|2010|No|675|58.64|58|5.07|
|Moldova<br>MDA|ECA|LMIC|360|2013|No|129|35.83|4|1.13|
|Mongolia<br>MNG|EAP|LMIC|360|2013|No|165|45.83|24|6.76|
|Montenegro<br>MNE|ECA|UMIC|150|2013|No|26|17.33|1|0.71|
|Morocco<br>MAR|MENA|LMIC|407|2013|No|200|49.63|14|3.60|
|Myanmar<br>MMR|EAP|LMIC|607|2016|Yes|155|25.54|32|5.33|
|Namibia<br>NAM|SSA|UMIC|580|2014|No|464|80.70|135|24.19|
|Nepal<br>NPL|SAR|LIC|482|2013|Yes|366|75.93|25|5.20|
|Nicaragua<br>NIC|LAC|LMIC|333|2016|No|234|70.27|5|1.51|
|Niger<br>NER|SSA|LIC|151|2017|No|57|38.00|10|6.90|
|Nigeria<br>NGA|SSA|LMIC|2676|2014|No|1756|66.84|153|6.39|
|Pakistan<br>PAK|SAR|LMIC|1247|2013|No|524|42.16|12|1.08|
|Panama<br>PAN|LAC|HIC|365|2010|No|15|13.04|1|0.92|
|Papua New Guinea<br>PNG|EAP|LMIC|65|2015|No|56|86.15|1|1.56|
|Paraguay<br>PRY|LAC|UMIC|364|2017|No|246|67.58|10|2.75|
|Peru<br>PER|LAC|UMIC|1003|2017|No|761|75.87|11|1.11|
|Philippines<br>PHL|EAP|LMIC|1335|2015|No|704|53.29|39|3.01|
|Poland<br>POL|ECA|HIC|542|2013|No|213|39.30|1|0.19|
|Romania<br>ROU|ECA|UMIC|540|2013|No|319|59.07|10|1.88|
|Russia<br>RUS|ECA|UMIC|4220|2012|No|1414|33.56|270|6.52|
|Rwanda<br>RWA|SSA|LIC|241|2011|No|211|87.55|74|31.22|
|Senegal<br>SEN|SSA|LIC|601|2014|No|392|65.44|29|5.15|
|Serbia<br>SRB|ECA|UMIC|360|2013|No|150|41.67|15|4.18|
|Sierra Leone<br>SLE|SSA|LIC|152|2017|Yes|53|34.87|14|9.21|
|Slovak Republic<br>SVK|ECA|HIC|268|2013|No|76|28.46|0|0.00|
|<br>Slovenia<br>SVN|ECA|HIC|270|2013|No|103|38.15|4|1.51|
|Solomon Islands<br>SLB|EAP|LMIC|151|2015|Yes|110|73.33|30|20.41|
|South Sudan<br>SSD|SSA|LIC|738|2014|Yes|483|65.54|333|45.80|
|Sri Lanka<br>LKA|SAR|LMIC|610|2011|No|319|52.30|26|4.40|
|St Kitts and Nevis<br>KNA|LAC|HIC|150|2010|No|14|48.28|1|3.45|
|St Lucia<br>LCA|LAC|UMIC|150|2010|No|10|15.87|1|1.59|
|St Vincent and Grenadines<br>VCT|LAC|UMIC|154|2010|No|27|56.25|2|4.35|
|Sudan<br>SDN|SSA|LMIC|662|2014|Yes|399|60.27|39|6.17|
|Suriname<br>SUR|LAC|UMIC|152|2010|No|52|69.33|1|1.33|
|Swaziland<br>SWZ|SSA|LMIC|150|2016|No|43|28.86|3|2.05|
|Sweden<br>SWE|ECA|HIC|600|2014|No|538|89.67|39|6.67|
|Tajikistan<br>TJK<br><br>|ECA<br>|LIC<br>|359<br>|2013<br>|Yes<br>|96<br>|26.74<br>|17<br>|4.76<br>|
|Tanzania<br>TZA|SSA|LIC|813|2013|No|539|66.54|57|7.54|
|Thailand<br>THA|EAP|UMIC|1000|2016|No|190|20.21|7|0.77|
|Timor Leste<br>TLS|EAP|LMIC|126|2015|Yes|83|65.87|2|1.64|
|Togo<br>TGO|SSA|LIC|150|2016|Yes|59|39.33|6|4.03|
|Trinidad and Tobago<br>TTO|LAC|HIC|370|2010|No|60|48.00|4|3.20|
|Tunisia<br>TUN<br><br>|MENA<br>|LMIC<br>|592<br>|2013<br>|No<br>|267<br>|45.10<br>|23<br>|3.91<br>|
|Turkey<br>TUR|ECA|UMIC|1344|2013|No|270|20.35|38|2.93|
|Uganda<br>UGA|SSA|LIC|762|2013|No|579|76.18|95|13.46|
|Ukraine<br>UKR|ECA|LMIC|1002|2013|No|303|3027|17|177|
|Uruguay<br>URY|LAC|HIC|347|2017|No|293|.<br>84.44|21|.<br>6.07|
|Uzbekistan<br>UZB|ECA|LMIC|390|2013|No|24|6.15|3|0.77|
|Venezuela<br>VEN|LAC|UMIC|320|2010|No|50|58.82|3|3.66|
|Vietnam<br>VNM|EAP|LMIC|996|2015|No|498|50.20|73|7.43|
|West Bank And Gaza<br>PSE|MENA|LMIC|434|2013|Yes|139|32.10|20|4.66|
|Yemen<br>YEM|MENA|LIC|353|2013|Yes|184|52.12|6|1.73|
|Zambia<br>ZMB|SSA|LMIC|720|2013|No|529|73.88|78|11.11|
|Zimbabwe<br>ZWE|SSA|LIC|600|2016|Yes|192|32.00|24|4.11|

Note: The percentages of pioneer firms presented in this table are calculated using the total number of firms that reported if they have innovated or not by introducing either new products or services; new products or services for the establishment's main market; or new and new products or services for the establishment's main market; or new and significantly improved process during the last three years. Firms with missing values in the three variables used to define pioneer firms are not considered. The note considers a country as in a FCS if it was a FCS during _(i)_ the year when the WBES was carried out or _(ii)_ the three years prior to the survey. This is an important aspect aimed at capturing the potentially long‐lasting impact of conflicts.

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