# **Contents**

|**Abstract**.......................................................................................................................................... 1|
|---|
|**1.** **Introduction**............................................................................................................................ 2|
|**2. Creating a poverty map using the ‘imputed welfare’ method**.............................................. 3|
|2.1 The imputation process in brief............................................................................................. 4|
|2.2 A cautionary note: issues regarding the reliability of poverty estimates for geographical|
|targeting in Azerbaijan ................................................................................................................ 8|
|2.3 Results at rayon level........................................................................................................... 10|
|2.4 Results at administrative level............................................................................................. 15|
|**3. Alternative measures of welfare – the asset index method**................................................. 18|
|**4 Comparing alternative indicators of welfare at the spatial level**......................................... 20|
|**5. Producing a digital census map of Azerbaijan**..................................................................... 27|
|**6. Summary**.................................................................................................................................. 29|
|**Technical Note 1: Creating a poverty map using the imputed consumption method**.......... 30|
|Poverty mapping using imputed welfare................................................................................... 30|
|Overview of Methodology......................................................................................................... 30|
|Data and Implementation........................................................................................................... 34|
|Data ........................................................................................................................................ 34|
|Implementation....................................................................................................................... 35|
|Results ....................................................................................................................................... 38|
|**Appendix A- How low can we go?**............................................................................................. 41|
|**Appendix B - Comparing national average value and rayon level estimates**........................ 45|
|**Appendix C - Descriptive statistics of selected common indicators and models for the**|
|**imputation.**................................................................................................................................... 47|
|**Technical Note 2: Creating a poverty map using the Asset index method**............................ 57|
|Data and Methods...................................................................................................................... 57|
|Results ....................................................................................................................................... 61|
|**Appendix A: Constructing separate asset indices for urban and rural areas**....................... 65|
|**References**.................................................................................................................................... 69|
|**Annex 1: Rayon Map of Azerbaijan**.......................................................................................... 70|