|**Country**|**Type**<br>**of**<br>**firms**|**Power**<br>**supply**<br>**quality variable**|**Method**||**Effect**<br>**of**<br>**low**<br>**electricity**<br>**supplyquality on firms**|**Source**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|26 transition<br>economies<br>in<br>Eastern<br>Europe and<br>Central Asia|<br>Business<br>Environmen<br>t<br>and<br>Enterprise<br>Performanc<br>e Survey|<br>Frequency and<br>duration<br>of<br>electricity<br>outages|Estimation<br>firms’<br>function|of<br>cost|<br>The removal of all existing<br>electricity<br>outages<br>would<br>enable cost reductions of 1.3‐<br>1.4% by firms|(Iimi, 2011)|
|Albania,<br>Bosnia and<br>Herzegovina<br>, Macedonia,<br>Kosovo,<br>Montenegro<br>and Serbia|<br>Business<br>Environmen<br>t<br>and<br>Enterprise<br>Performanc<br>e Survey|Percent<br>of<br>annual revenue<br>lost<br>due<br>to<br>power outages|Descriptive<br>statistics<br>firm survey|from|On average, firms lose 5.8<br>percent of their annual sales<br>due<br>to<br>electricity<br>issues<br>(Kosovo<br>11.3%,<br>FYR<br>Macedonia<br>7.5%,<br>Albania<br>7.7%,<br>Montenegro<br>2.7%,<br>Serbia 4.0, Bosnia & Herz.<br>37%)|(Kresic, Milatovic<br>and Sanfey, 2017)|
|Hungary,<br>Poland,<br>Bulgaria,<br>Romania,<br>Czech<br>Republic,<br>Slovak<br>Republic,<br>Croatia,<br>Lithuania,<br>Slovenia,<br>Latvia,<br>Estonia|Business<br>Environmen<br>t<br>and<br>Enterprise<br>Performanc<br>e Survey|Percent<br>of<br>annual revenue<br>lost<br>due<br>to<br>power outages|Descriptive<br>statistics<br>firm survey|from|.<br>On average, firms lose 2.4<br>percent of their annual sales<br>due<br>to<br>electricity<br>issues<br>(Hungary 5.2%, Poland 5.1%,<br>Bulgaria 2.8%, Romania 2.8%,<br>Czech Republic 2.1%, Slovak<br>Republic 1.1%, Croatia 1.6%,<br>Lithuania<br>0.9%,<br>Slovenia<br>2.1%, Latvia 1.3%, Estonia<br>1.1%|(Kresic, Milatovic<br>and Sanfey, 2017)|
|India|Manufacturi<br>ng firms|Percent<br>of<br>electricity<br>demand<br>in<br>state/year that<br>is unmet|IV<br>regre<br>simulations|ssion,|Electricity deficits decrease<br>Indian manufacturing firms’<br>revenues by 5.6‐7.7 percent<br>on average (10 for firms w/o<br>generator)|(Allcott,<br>Collard‐<br>Wexler<br>and<br>O’Connell, 2016)|
|Bangladesh|Industrial<br>firms|All<br>power<br>outages|Descriptive<br>statistics<br>firm survey|from|Planned<br>and<br>unplanned<br>outages translate into unmet<br>industrial demand amounting<br>to 11.54% of the industrial<br>sector GDP or 1.72 % of<br>Bangladesh’s GDP in 2000‐01|(Wijayatunga and<br>Jayalath, 2008)|
|Pakistan|Industrial<br>firms|Unserved<br>energy demand|Calculations<br>based<br>on<br>survey|<br>firm|Firms suffer losses of 23% of<br>value<br>added<br>as<br>a<br>consequence<br>of<br>unserved<br>electricity|(Siddiqui_et al._,<br>2008)|
|Ethiopia|Small<br>and<br>medium‐<br>sized<br>manufacturi<br>ngfirms|Power outages|Descriptive<br>statistics<br>firm survey|from|Firms lose 14 percent of their<br>monthly sales due to outages|(Carlsson, Demeke<br>and<br>Martinsson,<br>2018)|
|Bangladesh|<br>Manufacturi<br>ng<br>firms;<br>World Bank<br>Enterprise<br>Survey|Power outages<br>and<br>load<br>shedding|Calculations<br>based<br>on<br>survey|<br>firm|Firms<br>experience<br>annual<br>output losses of US$ 1.1<br>billion or 0.5 percent of GDP<br>due to power outages and<br>load shedding|(Zhang, 2019)|
|India|Micro,<br>Small,<br>and<br>Medium<br>Enterprises|Power outages<br>and<br>load<br>shedding|Calculations<br>based<br>on<br>survey|<br>firm|Firms<br>experience<br>annual<br>output losses of 1.09 percent<br>of GDP due to power outages<br>and load shedding|(Zhang, 2019)|

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