# II – Data

The primary data used for this study come from the Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan (L2CU) study conducted by the World Bank together with the Development Strategy Center of Uzbekistan and other partners. The study collected information in four distinct modes:

- A comprehensive national survey conducted in-person with a representative sample of 4,010 households. Recipients of social protection benefits were oversampled using registration data maintained at the mahalla level, and sampling weights were adjusted for the inclusion of these households in the baseline results. Full data on household consumption, expenditure, income, remittances, and information on any current migrants were collected. A full module on well-being and views on local economic conditions was also included.

- Administrative data collected from mahalla officials in each of the selected PSUs of the national household survey. This included comprehensive data on all officially registered migrants, the demographic profile of migrants, the registered destination countries, local labor market information, social protection beneficiaries, and related data.

- A nationally representative panel survey conducted monthly over the phone with a randomly selected subsample of 1,503 households that participated in the baseline. The survey also collected comprehensive information on potential/intending/current and returning migrants.

- Qualitative data collected in focus groups. These data include discussions regarding hurdles to migration and the administrative procedures surrounding migration decisions.

The primary sampling units (PSU) for the L2CU baseline survey were _mahalla_ s, the lowest-level administrative unit in Uzbekistan. A total of 200 PSUs were randomly selected proportionate to size by World Bank staff using a full official list of mahallas provided by the National Mahalla Committee of Uzbekistan. An “omniscient” adult household member was interviewed for each household, preferably the individual with the most information about the household budget, and protocol allowed multiple people to contribute if the primary respondent did not have responses for questions about other household members (for instance, regarding incomes or work arrangements).

The design closely followed protocols applied to Living Standards Monitoring Surveys (LSMS) type surveys. The national sample was stratified by region and by urban areas. These data were crossvalidated with data on “settlements” provided by the National Statistical Agency (NSO), which yielded a nearly exact match at the province level. All data collection efforts (i-iv above) were carried out within the framework of the mahallas randomly selected in the first stage.<sup>4</sup> The NSO was consulted in the design of the study, including the questionnaires used and regarding the sample design. Support for review and design was provided by a panel formed of local think tanks and government representatives. Survey data collection was conducted by a private firm under the direct supervision of World Bank staff.

> 4 Additional information on the sample design, the survey instruments, and related technical details is available at:

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