very similar. There are no significant differences in terms of urban status, education levels, business or farm ownership, employment shares, weekly earnings, or mobile phone access. This is likely because the sample already restricts to low-income households with poverty scores just below and just above the 4Ps eligibility cutoff (in 2010). In addition, the lack of updates to the 4Ps beneficiary list means that changes in income over time could have led to a narrowing of the gap between the 4Ps and non-4Ps households in the sample. We also report statistics on job types: the share of households with at least one member working as a private sector employee, government employee, freelance agricultural worker, freelance non-agricultural worker, and self-employed worker. These are also similar across the two groups.

We note, however, two important differences between 4Ps and non-4Ps households, which are a result of the 4Ps program itself. In wave 1 (this information was not collected at baseline), a much larger share of 4Ps households were part of the national health insurance program, PhilHealth (83% compared to 69% of non-4Ps). This is because 4Ps beneficiaries are eligible for free PhilHealth membership. It is also the case that 4Ps beneficiaries are significantly more likely to report having a bank account (a difference of 63 percentage points). This could be due to their use of the Land Bank ATM card and bank account to receive 4Ps payments (even though this is not a regular bank account that supports financial transactions).

Table 1: Baseline Household Characteristics by 4Ps status

||(1)<br>Non-4Ps|(2)<br>4Ps|(3)<br>Diference||(1)<br>Non-4Ps|(2)<br>4Ps|(3)<br>Diference|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Urban|0.28|0.29|0.02|Adult Employment Share|0.58|0.59|0.00|
||(0.45)|(0.46)|(0.04)||(0.30)|(0.28)|(0.03)|
|Household Size|5.30|5.96|0.67***|Weekly Earnings (per capita)|450.48|495.22|44.74|
||(1.61)|(1.85)|(0.17)||(404.82)|(490.19)|(42.95)|
|N. Children|2.71|3.10|0.39**|Private sector employee in HH|0.11|0.13|0.02|
||(1.19)|(1.59)|(0.13)||(0.31)|(0.34)|(0.03)|
|N. Adults|2.66|2.95|0.28*|Government employee in HH|0.02|0.01|-0.01|
||(1.08)|(1.27)|(0.11)||(0.15)|(0.09)|(0.01)|
|N. Elderly|0.08|0.08|-0.00|Freelance ag worker in HH|0.02|0.03|0.01|
||(0.28)|(0.27)|(0.03)||(0.14)|(0.16)|(0.01)|
|Highest Ed Level: None|0.01|0.01|-0.00|Freelance non-ag worker in HH|0.04|0.02|-0.02|
||(0.10)|(0.09)|(0.01)||(0.20)|(0.15)|(0.02)|
|Highest Ed Level: Primary|0.22|0.24|0.02|Self-employed worker in HH|0.08|0.10|0.02|
||(0.42)|(0.43)|(0.04)||(0.27)|(0.29)|(0.03)|
|Highest Ed Level: Secondary|0.59|0.59|-0.01|Number of Mobile Phones (Wave 1)|1.81|1.86|0.06|
||(0.49)|(0.49)|(0.05)||(1.24)|(1.31)|(0.12)|
|Highest Ed Level: Tertiary|0.18|0.16|-0.01|Number of Smart Phones (Wave 1)|1.08|1.13|0.05|
||(0.38)|(0.37)|(0.04)||(1.17)|(1.24)|(0.12)|
|Owns Household Business|0.27|0.31|0.04|PhilHealth Insurance (Wave 1)|0.69|0.83|0.14***|
||(0.45)|(0.46)|(0.04)||(0.46)|(0.38)|(0.04)|
|Owns Farm|0.10|0.07|-0.03|Has Bank Account (Wave 1)|0.20|0.83|0.63***|
||(0.30)|(0.26)|(0.03)||(0.40)|(0.38)|(0.04)|
|Observations|216|222|438|Observations|216|222|438|

Notes: Standard deviations (in columns 1 and 2) and standard errors (in column 3) reported in parentheses. * p _<_ 0 _._ 1, ** p _<_ 0 _._ 05, *** p _<_ 0 _._ 01.

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