|Belaid et al. (2021)|A multivariate statistical approach<br>and cost benefit analysis are used to<br>1,400 dwellings of the French<br>residential sector in 2013.|Low-temperature and condensing boilers, as well as<br>floor insulation, are the most cost-effective EE<br>measures. Also, the cost-effectiveness of energy<br>renovation measures is widely dependent on energy<br>price and the discount rate.|
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|Lohwanitchai and<br>Jareemit (2021)|A cost-benefit analysis is used for<br>three representative six‐story office<br>buildings in Thailand.|<br>The investment of high‐performance glazed‐<br>windows in the small office buildings is<br>unprofitable (NPVs= −14.77–−46.01).|
|McAndrew et al.<br>(2021)|<br>A literature review based on 153<br>papers published between 1990 and<br>2019 is used to examine the EE<br>interventions in advanced<br>economies’households.|<br>Review of one hundred papers reported a positive<br>impact of EE intervention, i.e., a reduction in<br>electricity use by households, ranging from 0.5% to<br>80%, with a median measured electricity reduction<br>of 7.9%.|
|Ren et al. (2021)|The artificial neural networks and<br>empirical models are used for a<br>sample of 16 household refrigerator<br>replacements under the Appliance<br>Replacement Offer in low-income<br>households in Australia.|Most households achieved substantial energy<br>savings from the replacement program. The average<br>annual energy cost savings of refrigerator<br>replacements is 53%. However, the energy savings<br>could be compromised if the size of the new<br>refrigerator were much larger than the old unit.|
|Timilsina (2021)|Economic analysis of distributed PV<br>(DPV) in the residential,<br>commercial, and industrial sectors<br>using a model that allows electricity<br>exchange between the consumers<br>and the national electricity utility|<br>The benefits of DPV to the consumers are more<br>than 1.5 times as high as their costs|
|Baek et al. (2020)|<br>An hourly load profile simulation is<br>used for solar-plus-storage<br>applications for three types of<br>buildings: secondary school,<br>supermarket, and a typical single-<br>family home in Waukegan, Illinois.|In most cases, investing in solar PV resulted in<br>significant electricity bill savings for consumers<br>that paid back the initial capital cost of the system<br>in 11–12 years. Most homes and businesses in the<br>Waukegan area in Illinois could cut their electricity<br>bills by more than half.|
|Chesser et al.<br>(2019)|<br>A Logit regression model is used<br>based on 2010 household budget<br>survey of Ireland.|<br>Households that have adopted the micro- renewable<br>energy systems do not result in a reduction of<br>electricity use, rather it increases electricity use.|
|Inoue and<br>Matsumoto (2019)|<br>A conditional demand analysis is<br>used based on micro-level data from<br>the National Survey of Family<br>Income and Expenditure in Japan.|<br>Although EE of home appliances significantly<br>improved after the implementation EE program<br>(Top Runner), households began spending more<br>electricity on space cooling and food preservation.|
|Opoku et al.<br>(2019)|<br>Technical data from a national<br>survey is analyzed to study EE of<br>ACs used in the offices of public and<br>commercial buildings in Ghana.|<br>The estimated annual electricity savings potential is<br>260 GWh in 2020 and 1,770 GWh in 2030; and<br>savings of US$1.96 billion during 2018-2030 using<br>more efficient inverter ACs instead of ACs<br>currently in use.|
|Roberts et al.<br>(2019)|Financial analysis is used for PV<br>solar and battery storage system in 5<br>Australian apartments.|<br>There is a financial benefit to deployment of<br>embedded networks with combined solar and<br>battery storage systems for apartment buildings.<br>The cost of these measures ranges from 400 – 750<br>AUD per kWh for embedded networks as compared<br>to 750–1000 AUD per kWh for individual<br>household system.|
|Papadopoulos et<br>al. (2019)|Simulation-based multi-objective<br>optimization is used to fine-tune<br>HVAC setpoints of office buildings<br>in7 climatezones across the US.|<br>Locations with mild climates, such as San<br>Francisco, CA, can realize up to 60% of annual<br>HVAC-related energy savings without<br>compromising the occupants'thermalcomfort.|

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