**Table 2. Well-being over the lifespan in ECA countries and Western Europe with cohort dummies:**

||||**IVS data (1981–2**|**009)**|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
||ECA|Western Eur|ope<br>ECA|Western Europe|ECA|Western Europe|
|Age|-00413***|-00143|-01641***|-01094***|||
||.<br>(0.009)|.<br>(0.011)|.<br>(0.027)|.<br>(0.021)|||
|Age squared|0.0004***<br>(0.000)|0.0002**<br>(0.000)|0.0032***<br>(0.001)|0.0023***<br>(0.001)|||
|Age cubic|||-0.00002***<br>|-0.00001***<br>|||
||||(0.000)|(0.000)|||
|Age 23-27|||||-0.2572***|-0.1204*|
||||||(0.077)|(0.059)|
|Age 28-32|||||<br>-0.3884***<br>(0.084)|<br>-0.1453***<br>(0.036)|
|Age 33-37|||||-0.4387***|-0.1616*|
||||||(0.094)|(0.085)|
|Age 38-42|||||<br>-0.4219***|<br>-0.2211*|
||||||(0.140)|(0.097)|
|Age 43-47|||||<br>-0.4410***|<br>-0.1955|
||||||(0.133)|(0.115)|
|Age 48-52|||||-0.3163**|-0.1898|
||||||(0.139)|(0.161)|
|Age 53-57|||||-0.2807**<br>|-0.0928<br>|
||||||(0.135)|(0.166)|
|Age 58-62|||||<br>-0.1555|<br>0.0375|
||||||(0.149)|(0.239)|
|Age 63-67|||||-0.0565|0.2371|
||||||(0.150)|(0.230)|
|Age 68-72|||||-0.0462|0.1333|
||||||(0.165)|(0.289)|
|Age 73-77|||||0.0354|0.1932|
||||||(0.168)|(0.263)|
|Age 78-82|||||-0.0820|0.3045|
||||||(0.168)|(0.316)|
|Age 83-87|||||<br>-0.0167|<br>0.3564|
||||||(0.185)|(0.339)|
|Age 88-108|||||-0.3394<br>|-0.0005<br>|
||||||(0.381)|(0.448)|
|Born 1920-29|0.1519|-0.1624|-0.1199|-0.2128|<br>-0.1340|<br>-0.3534**|
||(0.158)|(0.131)|(0.156)|(0.145)|(0.153)|(0.104)|
|Born 1930-39|0.1258|-0.1557|-0.2635|-0.2632*|-0.2956*|-0.4217**|
||(0.171)|(0.120)|(0.169)|(0.121)|(0.162)|(0.146)|
|Born 1940-49|<br>0.1634|<br>-0.2329|<br>-0.2231|<br>-0.3112|<br>-0.2697|<br>-0.6026**|
||(0.175)|(0.171)|(0.174)|(0.167)|(0.162)|(0.187)|
|Born 1950-59|0.1275|-0.3656|-0.1604|-0.3650|-0.2130|-0.6670**|
||<br>(0.189)|<br>(0.208)|<br>(0.189)|<br>(0.223)|<br>(0.179)|<br>(0.276)|
|Born 1960-69|<br>0.1523|<br>-0.3405|<br>-0.0440|<br>-0.2737|<br>-0.0978|<br>-0.6782*|
||(0.200)|(0.223)|(0.200)|(0.258)|(0.186)|(0.318)|
|Born 1970-79|0.2165|-0.2955|0.0208|-0.2218|-0.0181|-0.7127*|
||<br>(0.207)|<br>(0.246)|<br>(0.208)|<br>(0.294)|<br>(0.204)|<br>(0.362)|
|Born 1980-89|<br>0.2319|<br>-0.1342|<br>-0.0196|<br>-0.1471|<br>-0.0483|<br>-0.6181|
||(0.209)|(0.263)|(0.214)|(0.290)|(0.220)|(0.418)|
|Born 1990-99|<br>0.5546**|<br>-0.3161|<br>0.1843|<br>-0.4497|<br>0.2565|<br>-0.8493*|
||(0.244)|(0.381)|(0.255)|(0.377)|(0.259)|(0.400)|
|Minimum|46.6|28.8|38.3|34.0|||
|Maximum|||76.0|85.1|||
|N|77527|17389|77527|17389|77527|17389|
|_Adj._R<sup>2</sup>|0.246|0.242|0.246|0.242|0.246|0.242|

_Note:_ The dependent variable is self-rated individual life satisfaction (10-point scale). Age ranges from 18 to 108, with age 18–22 as the reference in (5) and (6). For the cohort dummies, the reference group is those born between 1881 and 1919. The controls are gender, employment status (full-time employed, part-time employed, self-employed, with not employed as the reference), marital status (married/living together, divorced/separated, widowed, with single/never married as the reference), education (medium level education and high level education, with low level education as the reference), income quintiles, self-reported health (5-point scale), country dummies, and year dummies. Robust standard errors clustered at the country level in parentheses; * _p_ < 0.1, ** _p_ < 0.05, *** _p_ < 0.01.

13