operating a business anymore, we coded _survival_ from round to round to zero. In round 4, we additionally used information from the attrition section to code _survival_ , coding a firm of a single business owner as surviving if a person knowledgeable on the matter said that the owner was still running the business, the business was being run by an immediate family member, or the business was being run by some other person, in case the respondent refused to participate in the survey or could not be located. If the proxy respondent answered that the business was closed, we coded _survival_ to zero. We coded _newfirmstart_ to one for single business owners in rounds 3 and 4, if the owner answered that she was either operating a different business or operating a new business along with the old one after closing, changing or selling the business, and to zero, if she was engaged in an activity different than operating another business, after closing, changing or selling the business.

For owners of multiple businesses in rounds 3 and 4, we coded _survival_ from round to round to one, if:

- none of the businesses operated in the previous round had been closed and business lines for all businesses had not changed since the previous round; or

- after closing, changing or selling one of the businesses operated in the previous round, the owner was either operating a new business along with one previous business, or operating only one of the previous businesses.

We coded _survival_ from round to round to zero, for owners of multiple businesses in rounds 3 and 4, if, after closing, changing or selling the businesses operated in the previous round, the owner was either working for a wage, looking for work, operating a different business, or doing housework or looking after children.

In round 4, we additionally used information from the attrition section to code _survival_ , coding a firm of a multiple business owner as surviving if a proxy respondent answered that:

- the owner was still running all businesses; or

- the owner was not running all businesses, but at least one; or

- the owner had closed down at least one of the businesses, but not all; or

- at least one of the businesses was being run by an immediate family member; or

- at least one of the businesses was being run by some other person,

if the respondent refused to participate in the survey or could not be located, and coding _survival_ to zero if the proxy respondent said that all businesses had closed down.

For owners of multiple businesses in rounds 3 and 4, we coded _newfirmstart_ to one, if, after closing, changing, or selling at least one of the businesses, or starting another business, the owner was either operating a different business, or operating a new business along with one or both previous businesses, and to zero, if after closing, changing, or selling the business, the owner was either engaged in wage work, looking for work, doing housework or looking after children, or she was operating only one of the previous businesses, or none of the businesses operated in the previous round had been closed and business lines for both businesses had not changed since the previous round.

In the final round, we coded _survival_ to one, if:

- the respondent was currently owning a business and, since January 2009, she had not changed the industry in which the business was operating, or closed down a business she was operating  and then started a new business; or

- a proxy respondent reported that the owner was still running the business, or the business was being run by an immediate family member, or the business was being run

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