# **<u>Table 12. Results from Robustness Checks – Alternative Fixed Effects</u>**

|||||||Dependen|t Variable:||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Log Export|Log Export|Log Export|Export|Export|Export|Export|<br>Export|<br>Export|Export|<br>Export|<br>Export|
||Valuec,i,k,d,t<br>|Valuec,i,k,d,t<br>|Valuec,i,k,d,t<br>|Participation<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br> <br>Participation<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br>Participation<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br> <br>Entry<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br>Entry<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br>Entry<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|Exit<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|<br> <br>Exit<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,<br>|<br>t<br>Exit<br>Dummyc,i,k,d,t<br>|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|(9)|(10)|(11)|(12)|
|Rel_restrictivenessc,k,d,t|‐0.155<br>[0.071]**|‐0.158<br>[0.125]|‐0.382<br>[0.080]***|‐0.030<br>[0.008]***|‐0.068<br>[0.013]***|‐0.178<br>[0.009]***|‐0.042<br>[0.029]|‐0.272<br>[0.043]***|‐0.177<br>[0.031]***|0.255<br>[0.098]***|0.200<br>[0.115]*|0.328<br>[0.105]***|
|Log Agro_exportsc,i, t‐1|||||||0.039<br>[0.001]***|0.041<br>[0.001]***|0.039<br>[0.001]***|‐0.041<br>[0.003]***|‐0.037<br>[0.003]***|‐0.045<br>[0.003]***|
|Rel_restrictivenessc,k,d,tX|||||||||||||
|Log Agro_exportsc,i,t‐1|||||||0.003|0.008|0.001|‐0.021|‐0.017|‐0.023|
||||||||[0.002]*|[0.002]***|[0.002]|[0.007]***|[0.008]**|[0.007]***|
|Log 1+Tariffc,k,d,t|‐0.027|‐0.003|‐0.089|‐0.009|0.003|‐0.054|‐0.017|‐0.002|‐0.038|‐0.004|‐0.004|0.027|
||[0.019]|[0.039]|[0.017]***|[0.002]***|[0.005]|[0.002]***|[0.005]***|[0.013]|[0.004]***|[0.008]|[0.020]|[0.007]***|
|Exporting Firm‐Importing|||||||||||||
|Country‐Product Fixed|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|Effects|||||||||||||
|Exporting Country‐Year,|||||||||||||
|Importing Country Year,<br>and Product‐Year Fixed|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|
|Importing Country‐|||||||||||||
|Product‐Year Fixed|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|
|Effects|||||||||||||
|Exporting Country‐|||||||||||||
|Product‐Year Fixed|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|No|No|Yes|
|Effects|||||||||||||
|||||Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|Linear|
|Estimation method|OLS|OLS|OLS|Probability|Probability|Probability|Probability|Probability|Probability|Probability|Probability|<br>Probability|
|||||Model|Model|Model|Model|Model|Model|Model|Model|Model|
|Observations|261,661|261,661|261,661|827,878|827,878|827,878|282,957|282,957|282,957|216,938|216,938|216,938|
|R‐squared|0.949|0.956|0.951|0.365|0.408|0.375|0.417|0.514|0.445|0.759|0.805|0.763|

Notes: Robust standard errors in brackets, clustered at the exporting country-importing country-product-year level. ***, **, and * indicate significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% confidence levels, respectively. Dependent variables are defined as follows: export participation equals one if there is positive trade between countries and zero otherwise; entry equals one if firm _i_ exports product _k_ to destination _d_ in year _t_ but did not do so in year _t-1_ and zero if the firm did not export product _k_ to destination _d_ in year _t-1_ and does not start to do so in year _t_ . Similarly, exit equals one if firm _i_ does not export product _k_ to destination _d_ in year _t_ but did so in year _t-1_ and zero if the firm exported product _k_ to destination _d_ in year _t-1_ and continues to do so in year _t_ .

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