_Women’s business revenues_ are computed from questions about revenue generated in the last month in which a business was operational, and we ask for the number of operational months in the last year. We winsorize revenues at the business-level at the 98th percentile. To get yearly amounts, we multiply this monthly revenue by the number of months a business was in operation in the last 12 months. To get the beneficiary’s share, we divide revenues by the number of coowners and we sum across all beneficiary-owned/managed businesses.

_Intra-personal psychosocial outcomes. Mental health_ (17 items, α = .82) included CESD-R-10, a depression screener designed for community samples; functional disability items from SRQ-20; life satisfaction using an adapted Cantril ladder; sense of inner peace; and self-assessed mental health. Disability items, assessing somatic symptoms and role functioning, and self-assessed mental health item were included to capture cultural differences in mental illness symptoms (e.g., somatization) and functional impairments (Thomas et al., 2016; Ali et al., 2016). Inner peace was considered a culturally specific indicator of well-being, according to qualitative piloting and West African studies (Osei-Tutu et al., 2020).

_Self-efficacy_ (8 items, α = .76) captured judgments of one’s capabilities, specifically in relation to problem solving, goal pursuit, and coping, and a related self-esteem question. Selfefficacy has been found to be a motivational keystone, particularly of goal setting and pursuit (Bandura, 1997) and theorized as a driver of economic development (Wuepper & Lybbert, 2017). _Future expectations_ (3 items, α = .76) gauged expectations for personal and intergenerational socioeconomic status as well as life satisfaction in the future, through adapted MacArthur ladders. Notably, hope, or positive expectations for the future, has been posited to contribute to graduation programs’ effects on poverty reduction (Duflo, 2012).

_Relational psychosocial outcomes_ . The relational psychosocial outcomes were seen as potential determinants of women’s economic outcomes in the low literacy, low resource, and normatively tight study setting where women’s opportunities often come through their relationships and where reciprocal networks of support can be critical to cope with shocks (Woolcock and Narayan, 2000; Akyeampong et al., 2014). Moreover, relational well-being is often integral to individual happiness and wellbeing among interdependent groups (Hitokoto and Uchida, 2015; Osei-Tutu et al., 2020).

_Financial support_ (3 items, α = .26) and _social support_ (6 items, α = .66) assessed women’s level of social capital (Woolcock and Narayan, 2000). Financial support assessed the extent of one’s financial support network, based on perceived ability to receive financial help in times of need and number of financial supporters. Social support assessed the extent of one’s instrumental support network, based on the number of relationships one has for acquiring information, advice, and opportunities. Together, these questions capture whether beneficiaries are able to develop informal systems of support for economic resilience and opportunity.

_Social standing_ (4 items, α = .75) assessed the MacArthur socioeconomic status ladder and three context-specific ladders of community standing: being respected, having one’s opinion followed, and showing moral behavior. Such self-assessments of one’s social position have been found to predict health, well-being, and feelings of financial security, above and beyond income (Operario et al., 2004).

_Social norms_ (8 items, α =.55) assessed descriptive and prescriptive norms supportive of women’s economic engagement. The _descriptive norms_ sub-index (4 items, α = .55) assessed perceptions of other women in the village engaging in economic activities, such as starting new 35