**– -** **<u>Table 1: Village council level conflict indicators, based on open source and crop damage data</u>**

||<br>**C**|<br>**rop dam**|<br>**age**|<br>**Any**|<br>**Summer**|<br>**Winter**|<br>|**Fatalities**||**Any**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Yes**|**ha/VC**|**Total**|**indic.**|**stage**|**stage**|**Yes**|**#/VC**|**Total**|**indic.**|
|**Panel A: Incidence of d**|**amage by t**|**wo-week**|**periods**||||||||
|**2022**|||||||||||
|P1: Feb 24 - Mar 12|0.009|265|24,953|0.119|P|G|0.011|15.51|1,892|0.032|
|P2: Mar 13-26|0.022|446|104,015|0.155|P|G|0.009|23.55|2,143|0.028|
|P3: Mar 27 - Apr 10|0.006|161|<br>10,156|0.095|P|G|0.007|11.39|<br>866|0.023|
|P4: Apr 11 – 24|0.010|458|49,957|0.095|P|G|0.007|13.61|1,048|0.022|
|P5: Apr 25 - May 7|0.008|252|21,924|0.095|P|G|0.007|11.00|869|0.027|
|<br>P6: May 8-22|0.009|184|<br>17,688|0.094|P||0.008|17.36|1,510|0.031|
|<br>P7: May 23 - Jun 3|0.013|286|<br>40,372|0.094|G||0.007|11.07|<br>786|0.029|
|<br>P8: Jun 4-18|0.011|273|<br>30,829|0.094|G||0.008|9.80|833|0.032|
|P9 Jun 19 - Jul 2|0.021|292|65,705|0.094|G||0.007|12.92|982|0.033|
|P10: Jul 3 - Jul 17|0.029|250|77,614|0.097|G||0.009|12.53|1,178|0.037|
|P11 Jul 18 - Jul 31|0.020|192|40,613|0.097|G||0.008|17.98|1,528|0.038|
|P12: Aug 1 – Aug 14|0.023|177|44,056|0.105|G||0.007|19.04|1,390|0.039|
|<br>P13: Aug 15-28|0.022|121|<br>28,307|0.102|G||0.008|18.39|<br>1,545|0.039|
|<br>P14: Aug 14 - Sep 11|0.011|121|<br>14,134|0.097||P|0.009|20.71|<br>2,071|0.042|
|<br>P15: Sep 12-25|0.007|157|<br>11,321|0.082||P|0.011|11.43|<br>1,337|0.040|
|P16: Sep 26-Oct 10|0.012|211|25,989|0.083||P|0.011|14.99|1,739|0.040|
|P17: Oct 11-24|0.017|264|47,174|0.086||P|0.008|19.08|1,641|0.036|
|P18: Oct 25-Nov 6|0.002|181|4,333|0.078||P|0.007|30.89|2,286|0.032|
|P19: Nov 7-20|0.013|133|<br>18,652|0.079||P|0.007|23.13|<br>1,619|0.035|
|P20: Nov 21 - Dec 5|0.006|125|<br>7,608|0.072||P|0.007|21.61|<br>1,513|0.034|
|P21 Dec 6-18|0.002|222|<br>4,226|0.070||D|0.007|12.78|<br>946|0.029|
|P22: Dec 19-31|0.008|266|22,878|0.072||D|0.007|25.27|1,845|0.031|
|**2023**|||||||||||
|P23: Jan 1-15|0.016|791|135,334|0.076||D|0.008|14.03|1,122|0.031|
|P24: Jan 16-29|0.006|274|17,782|0.071||D|0.007|17.99|1,403|0.031|
|P25: Jan 30 - Feb 12|0.025|422|<br>112,334|0.087||D|0.006|13.60|<br>911|0.030|
|P26: Feb 13-26|0.024|303|<br>77,450|0.083||D|0.005|16.82|942|0.032|
|P27: Feb 27 - Mar 12|0.010|268|<br>28,907|0.074|P|G|0.007|12.63|998|0.032|
|P28: Mar 13-26|0.018|297|<br>56,428|0.079|P|G|0.007|11.59|916|0.034|
|P29: Mar 27 - Apr 9|0.004|149|<br>6,709|0.071|P|G|0.007|13.99|1,049|0.030|
|<br>P30: Apr 10-23|0.004|173|<br>6,939|0.071|P|G|0.006|20.58|<br>1,420|0.027|
|P31: Apr 24 - May 7|0.019|184|36,349|0.076|P|G|0.008|17.13|1,405|0.032|
|<br>P32: May 8 - May 21|0.012|136|<br>16,847|0.074|P||0.007|20.80|<br>1,643|0.034|
|<br>P33: May 22 - Jun 4|0.013|136|18,805|0.073|G||0.008|15.90|1,383|0.035|
|P34: Jun 5 - Jun 18|0.011|129|15,067|0.074|G||0.009|15.27|1,542|0.035|
|P35: Jun 19 - Jul 2|0.013|150|<br>21,341|0.073|G||0.008|16.70|<br>1,436|0.033|
|P36: Jul 3 - Jul 16|0.010|109|11,846|0.073|G||0.010|12.94|1,359|0.030|
|P37: Jul 17 - Jul 30|0.020|115|<br>23,872|0.078|G||0.010|12.68|<br>1,293|0.031|
|P38: Jul 31 - Aug 13|0.020|150|<br>32,606|0.081|G||0.009|12.43|<br>1,168|0.032|
|<br>P39: Aug 14 - Aug 27|0.031|133|43,259|0.085|G||0.007|14.41|1,124|0.033|
|<br>**Panel B: Means at diffe**|**rent stages**|**of winter**|**and summe**|**r crop de**|**velopment**||||||
|Winter growing 22|0.038|522|211,006|0.176|||0.026|24.88|6,818|0.069|
|<br>Summer planting 22|0.039|543|<br>228,694|0.176|||0.029|27.04|<br>8,328|0.076|
|<br>Summer growing 22|0055|563|<br>327496|0111|||0027|2892|<br>8242|0077|
|<br>Winter planting 23|.<br>0.035|<br>342|,<br>129,211|.<br>0.106|||.<br>0.031|.<br>37.21|,<br>12,206|.<br>0.086|
|<br>Winter dormancy 23|0.058|600|<br>370,004|0.104|||0.021|31.72|<br>7,169|0.062|
|<br>Winter growing 23|0.041|306|135,332|0.090|||0.018|30.46|5,788|0.056|
|Summer planting 23|0.047|305|152,179|0.093|||0.020|35.05|7,431|0.061|
|Summergrowing23|0.066|236|166,796|0.104|||0.023|37.22|9,305|0.064|

_Source:_ Interpretation of satellite imagery as described in the text (columns 1 to 3); computations using data from https://liveuamap.com/ru/time and https://novy.tv/ru/news/2022/06/02/karta-bojovyh-dij-v-ukrayini/ (column 4); ACLED battles and fatalities (columns 7 to 10). _Note:_ Data are for 10,666 VCs where 10,556 and 10,002 VCs that were under Ukrainian control in 2015 (excluding Crimea and areas occupied in 2014) that had a positive cultivated area in 2019–23 for summer and winter crops, respectively. The stages for winter and summer crops are as follows: P = planting; D = dormancy; G= growing. ACLED = <mark>Armed Conflict Location and Events Data; ha = hectares; indic. = indicator of conflict; VC = village council.</mark> 18