**Table** 7. Nontariff Measure Coverge **Ratios** for OECD Inports from Developed, Developing **and Sub-Saharan**<sup>African Countries</sup>

|Product Group (SITC)|Developed<br>Countries|1992 Imports<br>Developing<br>Countries|(Smillion)<br>Sub-<br>Saharan<br>Africa|SSA<br>excluding<br>South Africa|<br>Developed<br>Countries|Nontariff Barrier C<br>Developing<br>Countries|overage Ratios<br>Sub-<br>Saharan<br>Africa|SSA<br>excluding<br>South Africa|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|ALL NON-FUEL ITEMS (0 TO 9-3)|1,900,481|540,783|25,137<br>|15,647<br>|9.7<br>|16.6<br>|10.8<br>|10.4<br>|
|All Foods (0+ 1 +22+4)|190,602<br>|79,053<br>|8,022<br>|6,223<br>|24.6<br>|17.1<br>|23.4<br>|18.6<br>|
|Food and Live Animals (0)|152,772<br>|69,241<br>|7,044<br>|5,327<br>|28.1<br>|18.2<br>|24.5<br>|19.5<br>|
|Oil Seeds and Nuts (22)|5,849|2,509|72<br>|59<br>|1.3<br>|3.6<br>|6.3<br>|2.2<br>|
|Animal & Vegetable Oils (4)|5,046|2,841|171|169<br>|5.7<br>|5.7<br>|0.1<br>|0.1<br>|
|Agricultural Materials (2-22-27-28)|53,386|20,303<br>|2,719<br>|2,109<br>|1.3<br>|1.3<br>|0.3<br>|0.2<br>|
|Ores and Metals (27+28+67+68)|116,438|42,227<br>|7,521<br>|2,810<br>|13.6<br>|10.1<br>|5.7<br>|2.6<br>|
|Ferrous Metals (67)|55,326<br>|11,294<br>|1,097<br>|171<br>|38.2<br>|35.9<br>|38.6<br>|44.4<br>|
|Non-Ferrous Metals (68)|37,753|15,192|3,677<br>|1,465<br>|0.0<br>|0.0<br>|0.0<br>|0.0<br>|
|Mineral Fuels (3)|86,298|164,851|19,654<br>|18,012<br>|21.5<br>|16.4<br>|17.4<br>|16.8<br>|
|All Manufacures (5 to 8 - 68)|1,499,800|383,871|6,524<br>|6,369<br>|8.5<br>|18.8<br>|5.6<br>|6.5<br>|
|Chemicals (5)|216,755<br>|22,039<br>|769<br>|320<br>|6.0<br>|3.9<br>|0.2<br>|0.0<br>|
|Other Manufactures (6 to 8-67-68)|1,283,045<br>|361,832<br>|5,755<br>|3,953<br>|8.8<br>|19.9<br>|6.4<br>|9.7<br>|
|Leather (61)|5,004|3,749|237<br>|134<br>|3.0<br>|1.2<br>|0.0<br>|0.0<br>|
|Textile Yarn & Fabric (65)|49,545|19,485|275|173<br>|4.4<br>|52.5<br>|18.7<br>|34.1<br>|
|Clothing (84)|43,250|79,659<br>|1,019<br>|845<br>|3.4<br>|62.5<br>|44.8<br>|47.5<br>|
|Footwear (85)|12,142<br>|15,864<br>|17<br>|7<br>|12.2<br>|32.0<br>|1.3<br>|2.6<br>|
|ALL ITEMS (0 to 9)|1,986,779|705,634|44,791|33,659|10.2|16.6|13.1|13.1|

Note: The following measures were included<sup>in the computation of the nontariff barrier coverage ratio: tariff quotas; increased duties, safeguard duties, retaliatory duties and customs surcharges;</sup> variable levies and flexible import fees; non-automatic<sup>licensing and discretionary licensing; quotas and prohibitions; voluntary export restraints, MFA quotas and other restraints including textile</sup> restraint agreements, orderly marketing arrangements;<sup>other quantitative restrictions; other restrictions imposed under the Multifiber Arrangement; minimum, reference or other import price controls;</sup> voluntary export price restraints; state monopoly of<sup>imports; and local content regulations.</sup> Source: World Bank-UNCTAD SMART Data Base. The<sup>statistics in this and the tables that follow reflect nontariff barriers which are applied in all OECD markets with the exception of Iceland</sup> and Turkey. Developed countries are defined as all<sup>OECD members less Turkey while developing countries are all countries less the OECD plus Turkey. The countries included in the sub-Saharan</sup> group are listed in Table 1.