21 Jamaica Social Sector Development project. Smaller nutrition components are supported in the two Bolivia projects (Social Investment Fund and Integrated Health Development credits), Brazil Northeast Basic Health II, and Haiti Health I. An Argentine request for a $200 million Social Emergency and Adjustment project (85% nutrition) may result in the Bank's largest nutrition operation to date. The Venezuela Social Development and Nutrition project prepared in FY90 ($105 million) will support food and nutrient supplementation programs through health centers, and targeted nutrition programs for primary and preschools. Projects in which nutrition will play a major role also are being prepared for Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala and Mexico.

51. In addition to the Tbnzania Health and Nutrition project, FY90 lending in Africa supports nutrition components in Lesotho PHN II, Chad Social Development Action, Gambia Women in Development, and Uganda Poverty and Social Costs. One of the largest nutrition activities in Africa has been the Bank's food-security initiative. In FY90 food security studies were completed for Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Benin and the Sudan. The first of this group of studies was Kenya's Food and Nutrition Policy Sector Study. In addition to analyzing malnutrition and food insecurity at both the household and individual levels, this study proposes several options for direct nutrition interventions including targeted fortification in specific regions at high risk for micronutrient deficiencies. The first free-standing food security operation in the Bank will be undertaken in Cameroon in early FY91. Included is a nutrition education program linked to efforts to improve the purchasing power of high risk households. Also under preparation is a free-standing Food Security and Nutrition project for Madagascar.

_52._ The two PHN projects approved in EMENA in FY90 also address nutrition. A significant portion of the Morocco Health Sector Investment project will support nutrition activities including growth monitoring and food and micronutrient supplementation, while the Yemen Health II project will significatnty increase human resource capacity in nutrition through training. In the pipeline, a large nutrition operation is under discussion as part of a forthcoming Social Costs of Adjustment credit in Egypt, and a proposed Safety Net Program for Morocco will emphasize improving food and nutrition programs. EMENA has taken an active role in the recent Bank effort to design ways to improve primary school performance through alleviating malnutrition and hunger in students. The FY90 Pakistan Sind Primary education project will test whether a school feeding program can improve nutrition status, increase enrollment and enhance student achievement. Nutrition components in primary education projects designed to address the "teachability of children in an effort to improve education efficiency arc also under preparation in Africa (Mozambique, Burkina Faso) and LAC (Brazil, and the Dominican Republic).

53. Nutrition was featured in several PHN sector studies and addressed in numerous other Bank documents published during the year. Refer to Annex 8 for the complete list of nutritionrelated sector and research work. Below are some of the highlights from this broad range of work.

54. Both the Thnzania and Mozambique PHN sector reviews induded detailed analyses of the nutrition situation in these countries. In TInzania the call was to adopt a national nutrition policy to elevate nutritior. considerations in agricultural policy and for interventions to change infant and child feeding practices talkng into account women's domestic labor burden. For Mozambique, recommendations were for growth monitoring, well-targeted food distribution and nutrition education programs, as well as for improvements in the targeting of food aid to vulnerable groups. Subsequent, significant nutrition operations are currently underway in each of these countries. In China, a Bank study of that Government's general urban food subsidy program showed how costly it has been and how its basic objectives could be met, at far lower cost, through a revised program based on targeting. Also on targeting, tle Morocco Poverty