_IOF 2008-09_ . The _Inquérito aos Orcamentos Familiares_ (IOF) is the third national household income and expenditure survey, conducted from October 2008 to July 2009. It contains information similar to the IAF surveys on income and expenditures. In this survey, the employment questions cover both primary and secondary employment with no specified recall period. It also has a small section on nonfarm enterprises providing more detail. Unfortunately, in the IOF, only about 3/4 of eligible households (i.e. households in which someone reported owning an enterprise) actually filled out the enterprise module of the questionnaire, implying that the sample in the enterprise module has a potential bias.<sup>4</sup> _NPS 2008._ The National Panel Survey was designed as a longitudinal survey based on a subsample of the IAF 2002–03. The 2008 NPS data was collected with the purpose of analyzing children and education and therefore sampled households that had children 17 years of age or younger in 2002–03. At the national level the NPS sample represents about 20 percent of the 2003 households. The quarter from March to May 2003 of IAF was chosen as the base period and the resurvey should have surveyed the same households in those same three months in 2008 to avoid problems of seasonality. Unfortunately, due to delays in implementation, the resurvey took place from September 2008 to February 2009. Attrition was estimated at about 21% of households. Despite this special sampling frame focused on children and the non-marginal attrition, the final sample of households available in both periods is very similar in key aspects of employment and wealth to the entire sample in 2002/03 (the attrition analysis showing this is available from authors by request). Full documentation and data can be downloaded at <u>microdata.worldbank.org.</u> _Inquerito ao Sector Informal_ (INFOR 2005) - a special national household survey conducted using a national sample but focused on small scale enterprises. The INFOR has a detailed enterprise module on each enterprise reported by the household, and some broad questions on perceptions.

_Rural Investment Climate Surve_ y (RICS 2010), a special household survey administered in selected rural and peri urban areas in two provinces (Sofala and Manica). This survey covered household economic activities, contained an enterprise module, and perception questions for both households with an enterprise and without. The sample is not random and not nationally representative.

None of these data sets by itself is either ideal or even adequate for a full analysis of HEs in Mozambique. However the multiple surveys do provide more available information about the sector than what is available in many other SSA countries. The 2009 IOF, 2005 INFOR and NPS are all national representative samples of households operating informal enterprises. Comparison of the survey samples reveals a number of differences between them that should be kept in mind. Compared to 2008 IOF, the 2005 INFOR seems to have more urban enterprises. The INFOR sample also includes more older enterprises compared to the 2008 IOF and 2010 RICS. The 2010 RICS survey is by design not nationally representative. But even so, the sampling strategy employed seems quite distinct, resulting in a different set of enterprises from the other surveys. RICS sampled enterprises are much more likely to be male-operated enterprises, enterprises in market places, and larger enterprises, compared with the

> 4 We don’t know the bias associated with this undersampling of household enterprises. Any possible bias only applies to the analysis of the characteristics of enterprises.  The core household level analysis is not affected.

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