# **Appendix 1. Definitions and Sources of Variables** **_(continued)_**

|**Variable**|**Definition and Construction**|**Source**|
|---|---|---|
|Marijuana Retail Prices|Typical retail (street) price of marijuana (cannabis herb) expressed in the constant 2000 US$ per gram. The<br>CPI is used to deflate.|World Drug Report and Global Illicit Drug Trends (UNODC, various years), and<br>World Development Indicators (World Bank, various years).|
|Ecstasy Retail Prices|Typical retail (street) price of ecstasy expressed in the constant 2000 US$ per gram. The CPI is used to<br>deflate.|World Drug Report and Global Illicit Drug Trends (UNODC, various years), and<br>World Development Indicators (World Bank, various years).|
|GDP per capita|PPP-adjusted real GDP per capita (2000 international $), in logs.|World Development Indicators (World Bank, various years), and Penn World Table<br>6.2 (Heston, Summers, and Aten, 2006, data retrieved from pwt.econ.upenn.edu).|
|People Prosecuted for<br>Drug Offenses|Number of people prosecuted for all drug offenses per 100,000 population, expressed in logs.|United Nations Surveys of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice<br>Systems (UNODC, various years, data retrieved from www.unodc.org), and United<br>Nations Common Database (UN, data retrieved from unstats.un.org).|
|Police Personnel|Number of police personnel per 100,000 population, expressed in logs.|United Nations Surveys of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice<br>Systems (UNODC, various years, data retrieved from www.unodc.org), and United<br>Nations Common Database (UN, data retrieved from unstats.un.org).|
|Outlays for Public<br>Order and Safety|PPP-adjusted central government expenditure on public order and safety (constant 2000 international $) per<br>capita expressed in logs. Public order and safety includes: (i) police services, (ii) fire protection services,<br>(iii) law courts, (iv) prisons, (v) research and development for public order and safety, and (vi) not<br>elsewhere classified.|Government Finance Statistics Yearbook (IMF, various years), and World<br>Development Indicators (World Bank, various years), United Nations Common<br>Database (UN, data retrieved from unstats.un.org), and Penn World Table 6.2<br>(Heston, Summers, and Aten, 2006, data retrieved from pwt.econ.upenn.edu).|
|Urban Population|Percentage of the total population living in urban agglomerations.|World Development Indicators (World Bank, various years).|
|Youth Population|Population aged 10-24 as the percentage of the total population.|World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (UN, 2005), LABORSTA-Internet<br>(International Labour Organization, data retrieved from laborsta.ilo.org), United<br>Nations Common Database (UN, data retrieved from unstats.un.org), and World<br>Development Indicators (World Bank, various years).|
|Alcohol Consumption|Per capita recorded alcohol consumption (liters of pure alcohol) among adults (aged 15 years or older). It is<br>computed as the sum of alcohol production and imports, less alcohol exports, divided by the adult<br>population.|WHO Statistical Information System (World Health Organization, data retrieved<br>from www.who.int).|

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