**ONLINE APPENDIX**

# **Online Appendix Table VI: Channels**

|||**Household In**|**puts(Year 2)**|||**School Inpu **|**ts(Year 2)**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**Child's Time Spent in**<br>**School and Preparing**<br>**for School**<br>**(Minutes per day)**|**Parental Time Spent**<br>**on Education with**<br>**Kids**<br>**(Hours per week)**|**Child's Time Spent on**<br>**School Work Outside**<br>**of School**<br>**(Minutes per day)**|**Parental Spending on**<br>**Education Not**<br>**Including School Fees**<br>**(Rupees)**|**Break/Recess Time**<br>**(Minutes per day)**|**Percent of Teachers**<br>**with Matric**<br>**Qualifications**|**Basic Infrastructure**<br>**Index**|**Extra**<br>**Infrastructure**<br>**Index**|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|Report Card (RC)|12.90|-1.566|17.36|-163.1|-12.39*|0.0129|-0.0510|-0.0231|
||(20.96)|(1.051)|(13.40)|(160.4)|(6.875)|(0.0499)|(0.246)|(0.202)|
|Government School (Gov)|32.59***|-1.142|-19.42*|-105.6|-1.932|0.0248|-0.722***|-0.516***|
||(9.609)|(0.791)|(10.68)|(134.1)|(5.760)|(0.0344)|(0.172)|(0.138)|
|RC * Gov|-13.47|1.367|-17.43|29.63|14.03*|0.0118|0.0774|0.0978|
||(21.93)|(1.067)|(13.26)|(174.9)|(7.102)|(0.0534)|(0.257)|(0.208)|
|High* Private School|15.25|-0.0202|-13.39|132.2|-6.244|0.0314|-0.111|0.106|
||(15.42)|(0.961)|(13.03)|(193.8)|(6.008)|(0.0374)|(0.197)|(0.132)|
|RC * High* Private School|-4.884|0.740|-0.295|-74.74|15.05*|0.0211|0.0204|-0.0175|
||(24.85)|(1.281)|(17.98)|(239.2)|(7.884)|(0.0539)|(0.294)|(0.232)|
|Baseline|0.0694|0.179***|0.105***|0.334***|0.105*|0.792***|0.726***|0.715***|
||(0.0489)|(0.0317)|(0.0350)|(0.0687)|(0.0552)|(0.0266)|(0.0430)|(0.0257)|
|Controls|Village|Village|Village|Village|Village|Village|Village|Village|
|Observations|899|930|898|953|782|783|776|783|
|R-Squared|0.061|0.0910|0.126|0.136|0.038|0.659|0.62|0.727|
|SUBGROUP POINT ESTIMATE|S,F-TESTp-VALUES IN BRA|CKETS|||||||
|Low private school|12.90|-1.566|17.36|-163.1|-12.39|0.0129|-0.0510|-0.0231|
||[0.539]|[0.139]|[0.198]|[0.311]|[0.074]|[0.796]|[0.836]|[0.909]|
|High private school|8.019|-0.826|17.07|-237.8|2.658|0.0340|-0.0306|-0.0407|
||[0.550]|[0.242]|[0.164]|[0.212]|[0.462]|[0.177]|[0.840]|[0.691]|
|Government school|-0.566|-0.199|-0.0673|-133.5|1.632|0.0247|0.0264|0.0747|
||[0.937]|[0.511]|[0.991]|[0.104]|[0.450]|[0.0708]|[0.678]|[0.308]|
|Baseline Depvar(Mean)|421.251|3.438|96.748|971.005|32.64|0.561|-0.067|-0.008|

_Notes:_

* significant at 10 percent level **significant at 5 percent level *** significant at 1 percent level This table examines treatment effects on several school and household inputs as possible channels of impact for changes in test scores. The outcome variables are: Time spent in school and preparing for school (column 1); Parental time (reading and helping) spent on education with kids (column 2); Child time spend on school work outside of school (column 3); and parental non-fee spending on education (column 4); Break Time (column 5); Percent of teachers with matric qualification (column 6); Basic infrastructure index - rooms, blackboards, and other non-building material (column 7); Extra infrastrucutre index - library, computer facility, or fans (column 8).  This data comes from the school survey and the household survey for children who were matched to the school testing roster; the household data is at the household X school level. The  observations from schools surveys are less than 800 due to school closure and missing data; we restrict to open schools only in these regressions. The observations from household survey differ slightly across regressions because of missing LHS/RHS values. All regressions control for baseline value of the dependent variable as well as additional village controls, the same ones used everywhere. All of the above regressions have standard errors clustered at the village level and include district fixed effects.   The lower panel displays the estimated coefficients and p-values [in square brackets] for relevant subgroups obtained from the coefficients estimated in the top panel. Baseline Depvar (Mean) displays the baseline mean of the dependent variable for the sample in these regressions.