Indicator for Mexico is calculated as the sum of three, equally weighted components: (1) absorptive capacity, (2) adaptive capacity, and (3) transformative capacity. Absorptive capacity measures the ability to prepare for, mitigate or recover from the impacts of negative events using predetermined coping responses (e.g. early warning systems). Adaptive capacity measures the ability to adjust to better respond to future shocks (e.g. adjusted planting behavior). Transformative capacity measures the ability to fundamentally change when existing conditions become untenable (e.g. livelihood transformation). The report on climate resilience indicators can be viewed <u>online.</u><sup>17</sup>

**IDB – Disaster Indicators.** The Inter‐American Development Bank has developed several indicators, including the (1) Disaster Deficit Index (DDI), (2) Local Disaster Index (LDI), (3) Prevalent Vulnerability Index (PVI), (4) Risk Management Index (RMI), and the (5) Index of Governance and Public Policy for DRM (iGOPP). The (1) DDI measures the economic loss a country could suffer when a catastrophic event takes place, and implications in terms of resources needed to address the situation. It is calculated by dividing the losses from a _maximum considered event_ by the _economic resilience_ of a government (that is, the availability of internal and external funds). The (2) LDI measures the propensity of a country to experience small‐scale disasters and their cumulative impact on local development. It is calculated as the sum of three local sub indicators on the number of deaths, people affected, and economic losses, with associated weights. The (3) PVI measures vulnerability conditions by measuring exposure in prone areas, socioeconomic fragility and lack of social resilience. It is calculated as the average of three types of composite indicators – on exposure, fragility, and resilience, with associated weights. The (4) RMI measures risk management performance. It is calculated as the average of four composite indicators – risk identification, risk reduction, response and recovery, and governance and financial protection, with associated weights. The new indicator, iGOPP, which is a combination of 246 binary indicators, is used principally for verifying the status of public policy. Application of RMI, DDI, LDI, PVI to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean can be viewed HERE.<sup>18</sup> Application of IGOPP to six countries can be found <u>HERE.</u><sup>19</sup>

**Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance – Measuring community resilience.** Zurich Bank, along with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), the University of Pennsylvania – Wharton, INGO, and the Red Cross, have joined a project to estimate the resilience of communities in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Peru. The research program, which has only just started, will develop a methodological framework based on systems analysis to measure community resilience and address the behavioral, economic and policy obstacles to effective community flood resilience. The approach will be piloted in many developing countries, for example in Bangladesh (see more HERE). More information on the Flood Resilience Alliance can be viewed HERE and <u>HERE.</u>

**World Development Report 2014 – Indicator of Risk Preparedness** . As part of the World Bank’s World Development Report 2014, an indicator of risk preparedness was developed, which comprises measures

> 17 https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp342deP/1443/wp‐content/uploads/filebase/me/national‐level‐ me(2)/giz2014‐en‐assessing‐resilience‐discussion‐paper.pdf

> 18 http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/natural‐disasters/disaster‐risk‐indicators/disaster‐risk‐indicators,1456.html

> 19 http://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/6738?locale‐attribute=es

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