Table 6: Impact of 3G/4G access on poverty status ($1.90 poverty line) (fixed effects models)

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|_Access to_:|||||||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|-0.026||||-0.021||||
||(0.017)||||(0.017)||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||-0.050***||||-0.043***|||
|for one year||(0.017)||||(0.016)|||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|||-0.075***||||-0.069***||
|for two years or more|||(0.016)||||(0.015)||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||||-0.079***||||-0.068***|
|for three years or more||||(0.017)||||(0.017)|
|Additional control variables|No|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|# of observations|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|
|R-squared|0.003|0.004|0.007|0.007|0.042|0.043|0.046|0.045|
|Number of individuals|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|
|F statistics|2.864|4.329|7.453|7.005|35.20|36.10|38.19|37.16|

_Notes_ : Standard errors reported in parentheses are clustered by LGAs. Additional controls include access to electricity, ownership of dwelling, household size, and a wealth index although the coefficients for these variables are not reported to save space. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.

Table 7: Impact of 3G/4G access on poverty status ($3.20 poverty line) (fixed effects models)

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|_Access to_:<br>|||||||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|-0.022||||-0.017||||
||(0.015)||||(0.014)||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||-0.032**||||-0.026|||
|for one year||(0.016)||||(0.016)|||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|||-0.026||||-0.020||
|for two years or more|||(0.016)||||(0.016)||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||||-0.036**||||-0.026|
|for three years or more||||(0.017)||||(0.016)|
|Additional control variables|No|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|# of observations|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|13,732|
|R-squared|0.006|0.007|0.006|0.007|0.043|0.043|0.043|0.043|
|Number of individuals|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|5,495|
|F statistics|7.879|9.306|9.180|8.361|32.14|33.52|32.70|32.17|

_Notes_ : Standard errors reported in parentheses are clustered by LGAs. Additional controls include access to electricity, ownership of dwelling, household size, and a wealth index although the coefficients for these variables are not reported to save space. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.

Table 8: Impact of 3G/4G access on labor participation (fixed effects models)

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|(7)|(8)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|_Access to_:|||||||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|-0.008||||-0.009||||
||(0.012)||||(0.012)||||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||0.005||||0.004|||
|for one year||(0.012)||||(0.012)|||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G|||0.027**||||0.026**||
|for two years or more|||(0.011)||||(0.011)||
|Medium or strong 3G/4G||||0.034***||||0.033***|
|for three years or more||||(0.012)||||(0.011)|
|Additional control variables|No|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|
|# of observations|40,636|40,636|40,636|40,636|40,636|40,636|40,636|40,636|
|R-squared|0.007|0.007|0.008|0.008|0.007|0.007|0.008|0.008|
|Number of individuals|19,194|19,194|19,194|19,194|19,194|19,194|19,194|19,194|
|F statistics|11.98|12.09|15.34|17.66|6.944|6.854|8.278|9.566|

_Notes_ : Standard errors reported in parentheses are clustered by LGAs. Additional controls include access to electricity, ownership of dwelling, household size, and a wealth index although the coefficients for these variables are not reported to save space. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.

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