|**Table 3a: The Determinants of Adult Tim**|**e Ue (Self-e**<br>I|**mployment**<br>|**and wage w**<br>lf<br>|**ork)****_inRur_**|**_a_Peru, 1**|**994 and 199**<br>|**7a**<br>||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||<br>P<br>Paricpaio|~~~~<br>articioation|e-em<br>oyen<br>Individua|l Share<br>_t__cipation|Prciao<br>Pa__|Wage<br>nIndividual|work<br>__|Share|
||Female|Male|Female|Male|Female|-Male|Female|Male|
|__________________________________|(7|(8|9|(10)|(I1)<br>~|1(12)|(13)|(14)|
|Child<br>Sick'_____<br>______|<br>-0.396|<br>0.137|0.019|<br>-0.035|<br><br>---|<br>0.176|<br>--|-0.05 1|
|____|_Alit._<sup>_46_</sup>_)_|_f~~~~A_<br>_4J _|_~_<br>_(0.40)_|_(-0.69_|_)_|__-(-.50)_|_--._|_61_|
|A,dult Sick___<br>_______|<br>-0.379|-0.254|-0.l143'|-0.045|--|0.197|--|0.224|
|_S_|_.I3•!JAL._|_.0..6_<br>_(-0.46)_|_(-1.70)_|_(-0 .47)_|||-|__L(.1)_<br>_1.48)_|
|Female /Male unemployment 80.806||4.004~|0.21l6"|0.366*|--|3.3 52"<br>||-0.324|
|__________<br>_______-|_~~(1._<br>_62)_|_(3.54)_|_(2.21)_|_(1.86)_|-|_J(27_|_3)_<br>-|_-._<br>_4_|
|=1 if individual is household head|<br>0.860'|0.019|0.012|-0.102|-0.454||<br>---|0.125|
|_______________<br>_______________|_(1.91_|<br>_(0.05)_|<br>_(0.15)_|_(-148)_||_(0I10)_||_(-119)_|
|=1 if household is female headed|-0.666'<br>|-0.578<br>|0.010<br>|-0.009|--|0.167|---|0.014|
||~~~~~~|~~~(-1.7<br>_(-1.39_|1)<br>_) (0.13)_|_(J.0_||_036_||_-. 3_<br>|
|Age<br>-0.08C'||0.061I'|0.002|00l|-|0.019|<br>--<br>|j0.006|
||_(3.34)_|__(1.95)_|__Lq)_|_(19)___|____|||_(.5_|
|Squar ofae(x<br>IO')<br> <br>|-1.066"|-0.445|-0.039|-0.090*|-|-0.735||--0.0701|
|Kuare<br>ofage|~~~~~~|~~~~(-3<br>_(l2.3)_|.94,1<br>_(.0.74)_|_(-1.67)_||**_1.:68)_**<br>*_|__|_(0_5,f_|
|=1if household is of native origin|0.477*|0.128|-0.011|0.044|--|0.488*|<br>-|0.123"|
|.<br>.~~~ ~<br>~<br>~~~~~~~|~~||__34___|~~ ~ ~~<br>_i(2_|<br>.<br>|~~~~~<br>.<br>_.2_<br>__25___|~~~||
|Education (years)|0.012|-0.011|-0.004|<br>_-0.005_|**---**|**0.011**|--|0.003|
|--<br>______|_(0.46j_|jQ~~~~~|~~~~)<br>_(-~0.98)_|_(1.19_|____<br>_.._|_lq_||_40____|
|I#of children under 4 years-|0.075|0.083|0.002|0.024|---|0.100|---|0.009|
|1# ofadolescenfemales<br>between 5 & 14|_(0.086)_|_j0I060_|_(0.004_|_a2)_<br>0|-<br>-.|-. 063|~<br>_--_|_0.034_|
|__________________<br>_______________|_(0.90)_|_(0.54)_|_(-0.24)_|_(-0.08)_||_(J24j1.._||_{(1.09)_|
|# of adult<br>females between 15& 60<br> <br>|0.074<br>|<br>-0.110<br> <br>|0.045"<br>|0.015<br>|--|0.047<br>|<br>--|0.043<br>_2_|
|# fIdI<br>fI 60<br># of lderl<br>femaes,<br>oer<br>60-0.139|.<br>(0.~~~~|~~~~78)<br>_(-.96)_<br>0.149|_(6)_<br>0. 124"*|_(079)_<br>0.022|--|_.36_<br>0.062|____<br>--|_. 37._<br>0.018|
|_____<br>__________~~~~~_.|_(:0._<br>_62)_|_(0.59)_|<br>_(3.10)_|<br>_(0.55)_||_(0.22)_|_<br>___|_(0.25)_|
|=1 if household energyisfuelwoodlcoal|-0.030|-0.249|-0. 106**|<br>-0.027|--|0.134|<br>--|0.0561|
||_(-0.7_|_) j.1)_|_(-3.54_|_) (084)_||_64_|___|_(1.07)_|
|~Durati**o**n<br>f public water supply (mins/day)|-0.059|-0.070|-0.011|0.037"|-|-0.108|<br>---|0.009|
|_________-_____________|_~~(-0.9_|_2)_<br>_I(-0.99)_|_(-.01)_|_(3.64)_||_(-.59)_|_<br>___|_(-0.63)_|
|=1 if water source is outside the household.|-0.338<br>|-0.308<br>|-0.081<br>|_0.245"_|---|0.803|'<br>-|-0.062|
|__________________________-~|4_(-0.77_|_)(-0.63)_|_(- .0_|_3 5 )__|||_<br>_<br>_|_(-0.65)_|
|_N_<br>____I615||_614_|_368_|_433_||_614_|_-_|_[198-_|
|**_jth04_**|_21_|_0__284_|_OJO_|_0.18_||_0.25_|_-0.22_||
|_R2(between)_|_<br>__0.18_|||_0.19_|_<br>__4-0.2_|_8_|||
|_[R_<sup>_2 _</sup>_(overall)____<br> <br>|||_0.15_<br>|_0.15_<br>|_______<br>||_-0.23_<br>||
|aOnly theestimatioin<br>resultswith respect to s<br>|elected varia<br>|bles are pre<br>|sented here.<br>|The larger<br>|regression<br>|also included<br>|year dumim<br>|y,|
|cluster wages and proportion of cluster emplo<br>bThe decision to par.ticipate in the activity.|ymnent in for<br>Estimated usi|mnal sector.<br>ng a random|Standard err<br>-effects pro|ors are give<br>bit.|n in below|coefficient e|stimates.||

d Individual's time in the activity as a % of the individual's total work time. Random-effects regression. Limit values were excluded. eIncludes time allocated to housework, self-employment and work for wages. In log of hours per week.

~'Botc **h** ild and adult sickness are considered endogenous. See the appendix for details. Cluster male (femnale) unemployment rate in female (male) regression.

34