Table 3. Estimates of the effect of the crisis on changes in child anthropometrics in migrant households, by child age in 2008: Panel cohort analysis

|Childr|en under th|reeyears ol|d in 2008|Ch|ildren 3-6y|ears old in|2008|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|HAZ|Stunted|WAZ|Underweight|HAZ|Stunted|WAZ|Underweight|
|_Panel A: Difference-in-difference (DD) mo_|_dels_|||||||
|_Simple DD without controls_||||||||
|Migrant household = 1<br>0.775***|-0.227***|0.385**|-0.060|0.208|-0.020|0.030|-0.041|
|(0.160)|(0.054)|(0.152)|(0.045)|(0.134)|(0.055)|(0.091)|(0.044)|
|Year 2012 = 1<br>0.111|-0.060|-0.225***|0.019|0.195**|-0.088***|-0.184***|0.108***|
|(0.093)|(0.037)|(0.062)|(0.022)|(0.076)|(0.032)|(0.057)|(0.027)|
|DD<br>-0.548***|0.173***|-0.222|0.002|-0.121|0.021|0.010|0.043|
|(0.158)|(0.062)|(0.161)|(0.053)|(0.149)|(0.060)|(0.104)|(0.045)|
|Constant<br>-2.357***|0.629***|-0.748***|0.218***|-2.407***|0.642***|-1.295***|0.192***|
|(0.106)|(0.033)|(0.248)|(0.022)|(0.081)|(0.031)|(0.055)|(0.022)|
|_Individual-level fixed effects DD with ag_|_e controls_|||||||
|DD<br>-0.414**|0.116*|-0.126|-0.017|-0.133|0.024|0.007|0.064|
|(0.164)|(0.062)|(0.182)|(0.063)|(0.130)|(0.055)|(0.100)|(0.050)|
|_Individual-level fixed effects DD with ag_|_e controls an_|_d cluster-lev_|_el time trends_|||||
|DD<br>-0.574***|0.187***|-0.301|0.012|-0.199|0.047|-0.099|0.069|
|(0.181)|(0.064)|(0.192)|(0.074)|(0.147)|(0.071)|(0.108)|(0.051)|
|N<br>830|830|824|824|952|952|932|932|
|_Panel B: Triple difference (DDD) models_||||||||
|_DDD without controls_||||||||
|Migrant household = 1||||0.208|-0.020|0.030|-0.041|
|||||(0.134)|(0.056)|(0.091)|(0.044)|
|Year 2012 = 1||||0.195**|-0.088***|-0.184***|0.108***|
|||||(0.076)|(0.033)|(0.057)|(0.027)|
|DD||||-0.121|0.021|0.010|0.043|
|||||(0.149)|(0.061)|(0.104)|(0.045)|
|Young cohort (child < 36 mo) = 1||||0.051|-0.014|0.151*|0.026|
|||||(0.098)|(0.036)|(0.088)|(0.030)|
|Migrant * Young||||0.567***|-0.207***|0.349**|-0.019|
|||||(0.208)|(0.066)|(0.159)|(0.059)|
|Year 2012 * Young||||-0.084|0.028|-0.041|-0.089**|
|||||(0.117)|(0.044)|(0.068)|(0.035)|
|DDD||||-0.427**|0.152*|-0.233|-0.041|
|||||(0.206)|(0.081)|(0.205)|(0.065)|
|Constant||||-2.407***|0.642***|-1.295***|0.192***|
|||||(0.081)|(0.031)|(0.055)|(0.022)|
|_Individual-level fixed effects DDD with a_|_ge controls_|||||||
|DDD||||-0.338*|0.113|-0.178|-0.056|
|||||(0.172)|(0.075)|(0.210)|(0.079)|
|_Individual-level fixed effects DDD with a_|_ge controls_|_and cluster-le_|_vel time trends_|||||
|DDD||||-0.409**|0.140|-0.245|-0.021|
|||||(0.186)|(0.086)|(0.212)|(0.082)|
|N||||1782|1782|1756|1756|

Notes: Samples include balanced panels of children with valid anthropometric measurements in each age group. Age controls are binary indicators for age-inmonths at measurement; cluster-level time trends are binary indicators for each cluster in 2012. Migrant household is defined as a household with at least one migrant in the U.S. in three of the four years 2005-08 for children under three years old in 2008 and three of the four years when children three to six years old in 2008. Standard errors estimated allowing for clustering at the community level in parentheses. *** indicates significance at p<0.01, ** at p<0.05, and * at p<0.10.