**–** **<u>Appendix table 1: Household level yield function restricted sample</u>**

||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Number of parcels|0.105***<br>(12.708)|0.085***<br>(10.657)|0.087***<br>(10.828)||||
|Simpson land fragmentation index||||0.782***|0.567***|0.590***|
|||||(10.663)|(7.776)|(7.938)|
|Shannon crop diversity measure||0.586***|0.563***||<br>0.593***|<br>0.566***|
|||(15.379)|(14.518)||(15.231)|(14.262)|
|Total cost distance in hours|0.017|-0.013|-0.012|0.103***|0.071*|0.072*|
||(0.440)|(0.341)|(0.304)|(2.625)|(1.887)|(1.910)|
|Total cost distance squared|-0.003<br>|0.002<br>|0.002<br>|-0.009<br>|-0.004<br>|-0.005<br>|
||(0.425)|(0.345)|(0.313)|(1.230)|(0.612)|(0.623)|
|Total cropped area (hectares, log)|-0.525***|-0.569***|-0.570***|-0.488***|-0.539***|-0.539***|
||(35.081)|(37.846)|(38.122)|(32.852)|(35.819)|(36.008)|
|Share of rented in land|<br>0.010|<br>0.069|<br>0.079|<br>-0.057|<br>0.022|<br>0.036|
||(0.163)|(1.172)|(1.319)|(0.910)|(0.370)|(0.584)|
|Number of years parcel possessed|0.003*|0.002|0.003|0.004**|0.002|0.003|
||(1.931)|(1.447)|(1.524)|(2.120)|(1.483)|(1.543)|
|Parcel located in wet land|<br>0.056|<br>0.078|<br>0.069|<br>0.029|<br>0.059|<br>0.050|
||(0.675)|(0.962)|(0.854)|(0.342)|(0.717)|(0.618)|
|Irrigated land|0.137*|0.156**|0.161**|0.102|0.129*|0.136*|
||(1.697)|(2.095)|(2.174)|(1.255)|(1.721)|(1.805)|
|Good soil quality|0.155***|0.160***|0.156***|0.167***|0.168***|0.164***|
||(3.710)|(3.968)|(3.880)|(3.966)|(4.152)|(4.061)|
|Medium soil quality|-0.009|-0.012|-0.012|-0.008|-0.010|-0.010|
||(0.169)|(0.239)|(0.256)|(0.160)|(0.199)|(0.212)|
|Used knowledge from extension|<br>0.158***|<br>0.162***|<br>0.166***|<br>0.148**|<br>0.153***|<br>0.156***|
||(2.706)|(2.819)|(2.915)|(2.507)|(2.655)|(2.727)|
|Eid hk|<br>0181***|<br>0225***|<br>0222***|<br>0185***|<br>0233***|<br>0228***|
|xperence crop soc|-.<br>|-.<br>|-.<br>|-.<br>|-.<br>|-.<br>|
||(4.186)|(5.448)|(5.409)|(4.263)|(5.582)|(5.511)|
|Age of household head|0.016**|0.010|0.010|0.014**|0.009|0.009|
||(2.154)|(1.443)|(1.433)|(1.963)|(1.320)|(1.304)|
|Age of household head squared|<br>-0.000**|<br>-0.000*|<br>-0.000*|<br>-0.000**|<br>-0.000*|<br>-0.000|
||(2.251)|(1.731)|(1.709)|(2.139)|(1.662)|(1.636)|
|Female headed household|<br>-0.222***|<br>-0.207***|<br>-0.202***|<br>-0.219***|<br>-0.206***|<br>-0.201***|
||(5.891)|(5.821)|(5.680)|(5.714)|(5.717)|(5.523)|
|Head completed primary school|0.070**<br>|0.048<br>|0.050<br>|0.072**<br>|0.050<br>|0.051<br>|
||(2.017)|(1.438)|(1.479)|(2.073)|(1.520)|(1.532)|
|Head completed secondary education|<br>0.192***|<br>0.165**|<br>0.165**|<br>0.212***|<br>0.183***|<br>0.180***|
||(2.728)|(2.430)|(2.420)|(2.987)|(2.673)|(2.622)|
|Members aged 14 and less|0.023**|0.021*|0.020*|0.026**|0.023**|0.022**|
||(1.964)|(1.813)|(1.769)|(2.175)|(2.014)|(1.974)|
|Adult members aged 15 to 35|<br>-0.000|<br>-0.000|<br>-0.000|<br>-0.003|<br>-0.002|<br>-0.002|
||(0.017)|(0.025)|(0.009)|(0.220)|(0.154)|(0.126)|
|Adult members aged 35 to 60|-0.040|-0.032|-0.030|-0.024|-0.020|-0.019|
||(1.274)|(1.067)|(1.010)|(0.766)|(0.653)|(0.608)|
|Members aged 60 and above|0.010|0.020|0.020|0.014|0.025|0.024|
||(0.183)|(0.397)|(0.389)|(0.274)|(0.489)|(0.472)|
|Share of land with grains|||<br>-0.259|||<br>-0.293|
||||(0.856)|||(0.990)|
|Share of land with tubers|||<br>-0.074|||<br>-0.125|
||||(0242)|||(0417)|
|Share of land with tree crops|||.<br>-0.105|||.<br>-0.099|
||||(0.339)|||(0.329)|
|Constant|3.966***|3.533***|<br>3.720***|4.055***|3.613***|<br>3.830***|
||(21.816)|(20.631)|(10.829)|(22.431)|(21.151)|(11.328)|
|Number of observations|3,957|3,957|3,957|3,957|3,957|3,957|
|R<sup>2</sup>|0.356|0.403|0.405|0.346|0.393|0.395|

_Note:_ Absolute value of t-statics in parenthesis: *** significant at 1%; ** significant at 5%;* significant at 10%. Time varying village specific fixed effects are included, but not reported.

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