Morocco: Data taken from ILO for 1989 and includes pensions of the National Social Security Fund and the two special schemes for public employees.

**Mozambique:** No general scheme is known to exist but a tiny number of public employees are covered according to Appendix A of the ILO's Costs of Social Security (1992). Dividing this figure, 1,248, by an estimate of the workforce for 1986 of 7,432,212 (interpolated from World Bank Social Indicator data).

Niger: Gruat (1990) estimates coverage of the general scheme at 1.4% in 1989. Applying this ratio to the labor force in 1990 yields an estimated 54,656 covered workers in the private sector for 1990. Next, the 1986 figure for public employees covered in a special pension scheme - 54,000 - are added as if that figure had not changed between 1986 and 1990. This total divided by the World Bank's estimate of the 1990 labor force (3,904,030) yields a coverage ratio of 2.8 percent.

Nigeria: The ISSA publication, Tenth African Regional Conference reports that the membersh;p of the Nigerian Provident Fund, including government workers, was two million (no date was given). While this number is almost certainly much higher than the number of active members in the NPF, no estimates of active members are available. Instead, the ratio of active members to affiliates is assumed to be 50 percent of the total membership. The conservative estimate of 1.0 million is then divided by the estimated workforce in 1990, 42,435,000 to yield a coverage rate of 2.4% for 1990.

**Rwanda:** The ILO report a "persons protected" figure of 315,217 for 1989 which, when divided by the labor force estimate of the World Bank in Social Indicators of Development, adjusted from 1990 to 1989 with a 3. 1 % reduction for population growth, the ratio becomes 9.3 percent. **Tanzania:** Estimated as follows: World Bank Public Expenditure Review for Tanzania (no. 7559) reports central and regional government employment at about 140,000 in 1988. This number is assumed constant through 1990 and added to the number of parastatal workers in 1990 (194,000) and the number of active members of the National Provident Fund in 1990 (317,150 - by definition, members of the private formal labor force). The sum of these numbers gives us an estimate of 5.1 percent of the estimated labor force (W.Bank) of 12.6 million in 1990. **Tunisia:** Data on 1990 membership taken from Vittas' "Options for Pension Reform in Tunisia" 1992. while labor force estimates are taken from the World Bank Social Indicators.

**Zambia:** The ISSA report on the Tenth African Regional Conference includes a table for formal sector employment in 1989. Based on the text and other sources, this figure ( 359,620) was assumed to be the active membership of the Zambian provident fund, the local employees superannuation scheme and the special schemes covering copper miners described on pages 69-70 of that publication. This number was subsequently divided by the estimated 1989 workforce of 2,608,517 for a 13.8 percent coverage ratio.

# Asia

**Bangladesh:** According to the USHHS Social Security Throughout the World 1991, only public employees are covered. These numbered 1.34 million (excluding public enterprise employees of around 300,000) which formed about 3.5 percent of the labor force in that year (Report No. 6616-BD) 1987.

**Indonesia:** Figures for active members taken from the IMF's July, 1992 report, "Indonesia: Blueprint for a Comprehensive Public Pension System". These were applied to estimates of the workforce from the workforce from the World Bank's Social Indicators of Development.

Malaysia: Data on active provident fund members and labor force from Asher 1992.

**Pakistan:** The ILO reports that the general scheme covers 675,398 persons in 1989. In the "Costs of Social Security" (1992), Pakistan is reported to have group insurance and benevolent society coverage of public employees schemes of 26,000 in 1986. This number is increased by the population growth rate and added to the general scheme members in 1989. The fmnal total for 1989 is then divided by the World Bank labor force estimate which was 32,558,400 in 1989 (after adjusting for population growth rate for one year). This yields a ratio of 3.5%.

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