**-** **<u>Table 3: Characterizing measurement error in plot size (post planting round only)</u>**

||**(1)**<br>**Log (SR)-log**<br>**OLS estimates**|**(2)**<br>**(GPS)**<br>**Shapley**|**(3)**<br>**%Overestimation**<br>**Tobit estimates**|**(4)**<br>**%Underestimation**<br>**Tobit estimates**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_Plot size_**||**78.72%**|||
|Log (area: GPS)-centered|-0.680<sup>***</sup>||-210.759<sup>***</sup>|37.617<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.017)||(6.953)|(1.859)|
|Log (area: GPS)-centered-square|-0.014||11.307<sup>***</sup>|8.928<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.011)||(4.097)|(1.039)|
|**_Rounding of values_**||**18.28%**|||
|Rounding at 0.5 acre|0.419<sup>***</sup>||120.048<sup>***</sup>|-19.058<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.034)||(11.903)|(2.781)|
|Rounding at 1 acre|0.905<sup>***</sup>||270.761<sup>***</sup>|-58.441<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.042)||(15.149)|(4.025)|
|Rounding at 1.5 acre|1.186<sup>***</sup>||354.823<sup>***</sup>|-81.165<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.070)||(24.455)|(6.902)|
|Rounding at 2 acres|1.430<sup>***</sup>||401.143<sup>***</sup>|-92.946<sup>***</sup>|
||(0.096)||(32.847)|(9.508)|
|**_Household characteristics_**||**1.69%**|||
|**_Plot characteristics_**||**1.32%**|||
|Constant|0.006||-94.661<sup>*</sup>|-11.636|
||(0.160)||(55.243)|(13.848)|
|Controls|Yes||Yes|Yes|
|Mean dependent variable|0.313||96.248|10.423|
|R<sup>2</sup>|0.548|100%|||
|No observations|1535||1535|1535|
|No. censored observations|-||554|1035|

**Notes:** The first column provides OLS estimates, and the second column reports Shapley decomposition associated with the R<sup>2</sup> in the first column. The third and fourth columns are Tobit estimates. Prior to expressing it natural logarithmic terms, GPS-based plot size was demeaned to center the data. Household characteristics include the female identifier, age, literacy, religion, marital status, and non-farm work status of the household head, as well as total farm size and number of plots managed. Plot characteristics include indicator variables for tenure status, rental or owned, pure stand cropping, soil type, and slope. Standard errors, clustered at enumeration area level, are given in parentheses.<sup>*</sup> _p_ < 0.10,<sup>**</sup> _p_ < 0.05, *** _p_ < 0.01. Appendix Table A4 reports full regression results.

Several important findings stand out from Table 3. First, measurement error is not random (i.e., classical) but rather is strongly correlated with a range of observables, as manifest in an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.55 in column 1. Second, measurement error is negatively and significantly correlated with true plot size, implying that larger (smaller) plots are more likely to be underestimated (overestimated), confirming prior findings of regression-to-mean patterns in area NCME. True plot size is the primary variable associated with NCME, accounting for 79 percent of the explained variation in measurement error. Third, the coefficient estimates on rounding indicator dummy variables for a self-reported plot size of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 acres are statistically significant in all specifications, negatively (positively) correlated with under- (over-)estimation rates, confirming that farmers are more likely to round up than down (i.e., asymmetric focal point bunching). These 12