# **Table 4: Questions about Personal Experiences with Informal Payments**

|Dependent Variable|Sample|N|N<br>Reticent|Coefficient<br>Reticence<br>Dummy|t‐statistic|Uncond.<br>Mean|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|1<br>**Over the last 12 months, wasthis establishment**<br> **visited by,**<br>**inspected by, or required to meet with tax officials?**<br>**(0 = no; 1 = yes)**|All firms|4640|610|**-0.122*****|**(-6.85)**|0.813|
|2<br>**In any of these visits, inspections or meetings, was a gift or**<br>**informal payment expected/requested?**<br>**(0 = no; 1 = yes)**|Those visited by tax officials|3773|411|**-0.0403***|**(-1.67)**|0.278|
|**Firm was visited by tax officials and an informal payment**|||||||
|3<br>**expected.**<br>**(0 = not visited or no payment expected; 1=informal payment**<br>**expected)**|All firms|4641|610|**‐0.071*****|**(‐3.71)**|0.226|
|**For each of the following, did you**<br> **request the service in the**<br>**last 2 years?**<br>**(0 = no; 1 = yes)**|||||||
|4 A mainline telephone connection|All firms|4641|610|**‐0.048*****|**(‐2.76)**|0.183|
|5 An electrical connection|All firms|4641|610|0.008|(0.37)|0.401|
|6 A water connection|All firms|4640|610|‐0.008|(‐0.47)|0.145|
|7 A construction‐related permit|All firms|4640|610|‐0.022|(‐1.64)|0.096|
|8 An import license|All firms|4639|610|‐0.002|(‐0.28)|0.032|
|9 An operatinglicense|All firms|4640|610|‐0.025|(‐1.28)|0.249|
|**If you**<br> **requested the following service in the last 2 years, was**<br>**a gift or informal payment ever expected/requested?**<br>**(0 = no; 1 = yes)**|||||||
|10 A mainline telephone connection|Firms requesting service|846|78|**-0.113****|**(-2.14)**|0.267|
|11 An electrical connection|Firms requesting service|1861|235|**-0.153*****|**(-4.25)**|0.456|
|12 A water connection|Firms requesting service|673|85|-0.073|(-1.26)|0.322|
|13 A construction‐related permit|Firms requesting service|447|43|**-0.176****|**(-2.17)**|0.512|
|14 An import license|Firms requesting service|146|18|‐0.070|(-0.47)|0.39|
|15 An operatinglicense|Firms requestingservice|1152|140|**-0.113****|**(-2.46)**|0.425|
|**If you**<br> **requested the following service in the last 2 years, was**<br>**a gift or informal payment ever expected/requested?**<br>**(0 = no; 1 = yes)**|||||||
|16 A mainline telephone connection|All firms|4641|610|**‐0.030*****|**(‐2.95)**|0.049|
|17 An electrical connection|All firms|4641|610|**‐0.062*****|**(‐3.48)**|0.183|
|18 A water connection|All firms|4640|610|‐0.014|(‐1.49)|0.047|
|19 A construction‐related permit|All firms|4640|610|**‐0.023****|**(‐2.23)**|0.049|
|20 An import license|All firms|4639|610|‐0.005|(‐1.04)|0.012|
|21 An operating license|All firms<br>`|4640|610|**‐0.038*****|**(‐2.65)**|0.106|
|**Number of times firm requested services or was visited by tax**|||||||
|22<br> <br>**officials.**|All firms|4641|610|**-0.219*****|**(-3.62)**|1.92|
|**Simple sum of variables above on lines 1 and 4‐9.**|||||||
|**Scale with values from 0 to 7.**||`|||||
|**Number of times firm was expected or requested to make an**|||||||
|23<br>**informal payment.**|All firms|4641|610|**-0.240*****|**(-4.95)**|0.672|
|**Simple sum of variables above on lines 3 and 16‐21**<br>**Scale with values from 0 to 7.**|||||||

t statistics in parentheses; * p<0.10, ** p<0.05. *** p<0.01 20