<u>Table A1. Variables’ definition</u>

|Variable|Definition|Level of Variation|
|---|---|---|
|Age|Age in years|Individual|
||Dummy variables equal one when a woman has no education, primary level of education||
|Education|<br>(complete or incomplete), secondary level (complete or incomplete) or university level<br>(complete or incomplete).|Individual|
|Indigenous<br>|Dummy variable equals one if a woman identifies herself as Maya, Garífuna or Xinka.<br>|Individual<br>|
|Married<br>|Dummy variable equals one if a woman is married or lives with a partner.<br>|Individual<br>|
|Number of children 0-3<br>|Number of children ages 0 to 3 who are sons or daughthers of the household head.<br>|Household<br>|
|Number of children 4-6<br>Number of children 7-12|Number of children ages 4 to 6 who are sons or daughthers of the household head.<br>Number of children ages 7 to 12 who are sons or daughthers of the household head.|Household<br>Household|
|Numner of persons>12|Number of household members older than 12 years of age.|Household|
|Presence of grandmother<br>|Dummy variable equals one if a woman's mother or mother-in-law lives in the household.<br>|Household<br>|
|Household head|Dummy variable equals one if the woman is the household head.<br>'|Individual|
|Spouse works|Dummy variable equals one if the womans spouse works. Takes the value 0 for women<br>who are not married or living with a partner.|Individual|
|Income Stability|Dummy variable equals one when there is at least one wage earner in the household and is<br>zero otherwise.|Household|
|At least one person receives remittances regularly|<sup>Dummy variable equals one if at least one household member receives remittances on a</sup><br>regular basis.|Household|
||Index capturing the type of dwelling (equal to 1 if it is a house or apartment), dwelling<br>property (equal to 1 if the family owns it), wall materials (equal to 1 if they are of materials<br>||
|Household Home & WASH index|such as bricks or concrete), roof materials (equal to 1 if they are of materials such as<br>concrete or cement), access to water (equal to 1 if through a pipeline) and type of toilet<br>(equal to 1 if connected to a sewerage system or to a septic tank). Index is created using a<br>factor model.|Household|
|Urban|Dummy variable equal one if woman lives in an urban area.|Individual|
|Use internet in the last 3 months|Dummy variable equal one if woman the woman used the internet in the last three months<br>regardless of the place of use.|Individual|
|Washing machine|Dummy variable equal one if the family owns a washing machine.|Household|
|Female Decision Making|Dummy variable equals one if the main decisions in the household are taken by a woman or<br>by a woman jointly with a man and is zero otherwise|Household|
|High Wage Female Workers in the Public Sector|Share of women among all Central Government employees earning a high salary (at least<br>10,000 Quetzales per month).|Department|
|Intrafamily VAW|Number of cases of intrafamily violence against women in the municipality where each<br>woman lives per 1,000 women 15 or older in the same municipality.|Municipality|
|Men-to-all agreement with gender parity in<br>Parliament|Ratio between the share of men 18 years old or more that in each department agrees with<br>having gender parity in the Parliament and the share of all people ages 18 or more that<br>agrees with the same statement in the same department.|Department|
|Men-to-all agreement with gender parity among<br>judges|Ratio between the share of men 18 years old or more that in each department agrees with<br>gender parity among judges and the share of all people ages 18 or more that agrees with<br>the same statement in the same department.|Department|
|Public preprimary centers|Number of public preprimary centers in each municipality per 100 children ages 4 to 6 in the<br>same municipality.|Municipality|
|Per capita public spending in education|<br>Per capita spending in education in 2007 PPP USD.|Department|
|Per capita public spending in health|Per capita spending in health in 2007 PPP USD.|Department|
|Municipal Road Acessibility|Kilometers of roads built relative to targets defined in the National Road Plan 2032.|Municipality|
|Male-to-Female employment ratio|Ratio between the employment rate of men ages 15 to 60 in each municipality and the<br>employment rate of women in the same age range and municipality.|Municipality|
|GDP per capita|GDP per capita in 2007 PPP USD.|Municipality|
|Crimes in the municipality / Total population in the||Miilit|
|municipality|Number of crimes per person|uncpay|
|Share of male employment in primary|Share of male employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing or mining and quarrying|Municipality|
|Share of male employment in manufacturing|Share of male employment in manufacturing sector|Municipality|
|Share of male employment in construction|Share of male employment in construction sector|Municipality|
||Share of male employment in financial and insurance activities; real estate activities;||
|Share of male employment in white services|professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities;<br>education; or health.|Municipality|
||Share of male employment in utilities; wholesale and retail trade; transportation and<br>||
|Share of male employment in other services|storage; accommodation and food services activities; information and communication; arts,<br>entertainment and recreation; activities of households as employers; activities of<br>extraterritorial organizations and bodies.|Municipality|

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