# **Panel B: South Africa**

|||||**Black A**|**frican**|<sup>**(a)**</sup>|||||**Colou**|**red**<sup>**(a)**</sup>|||||**Indi**|**an**<sup>**(a)**</sup>||||**White**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Dimension**|**Indicator**|||**Cutoff**|||||||**Cutoff**||||||**Cutoff**|||||**Cutoff**||
|||**33%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**50%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-**|**test**|**75%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**33%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**50%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**75%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**33%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**50%**<br>**Est./SE**|**T-test**|**75%**<br>**Est./SE***|**T-test**|**33%**<br>**Est./SE**|**50%**<br>**Est./SE**|**75%**<br>**Est./SE**|
|**Access to**<br>|<sup>**Qualit of emploment**</sup>|6.8%|***|6.8%|<br>n|s|5.3%|***|6.4%|***|5.9%|<br>***|6.3%|***|4.3%|***|4.8%|***|0%|nd|4.4%|<br>6.9%|<br>8.3%|
|**labour markets **|<sup>**y y**</sup>|(0.2%)||(0.2%)||..|(0.4%)||(0.8%)||(1.1%)||(0.9%)||(0.5%)||(0.7%)||(0%)|..|(0.8%)|(0.8%)|(0%)|
|**Access to basic**|**Access to basic services**|4.8%|***|5%|<br>*|**|6.2%|***|1.2%|***|1.2%|<br>***|4.8%|***|0.5%|***|0.4%|***|0%|nd|0.3%|<br>0.8%|<br>0%|
|**services**<br>**Social Inclusion**||(0.3%)||(0.4%)|||(0.4%)||(0.4%)||(0.5%)||(2.1%)||(0.2%)||(0.2%)||(0%)|..|(0.3%)|(0.8%)|(0%)|
|||77%||71%|||66%||76%||72%||63%||84%||79%||0%||69%|<br>83%|<br>83%|
|**Access to**|**Ll f di**|.|***|.|<br>*|**|.|***|.|***|.|<br>***|.|***|.|***|.|***||d|.|<br>.|<br>.|
|<br>**human caital**|**eve o eucaton**|(0.2%)||(0.2%)|||(0.4%)||(0.7%)||(0.8%)||(0.9%)||(0.6%)||(0.7%)||(0%)|n..|(1.2%)|(0.8%)|(0%)|
|**p**||45%||48%|||57%||59%||54%||79%||24%||29%||0%||28%|<br>4%|<br>83%|
|**i**||.|***|.|<br>*|**|.|***|.|***|.|<br>***|.|***|.|***|.|***|||.|<br>|<br>.|
|**servces**|**Medical attention**|(0.2%)||(0.3%)|||(0.4%)||(0.7%)||(1%)||(0.3%)||(0.4%)||(0.7%)||(0%)|n.d.|(0.7%)|(0.9%)|(0%)|
|||4.8%|***|5.2%|<br>||6.4%|***|3.8%|***|5.1%|<br>|7.9%|***|2.3%|***|2.9%|***|0%||2%|<br>5.2%|<br>8.3%|
||**Quality of housing**|(0.2%)||(0.3%)|n|.s.|(0.3%)||(0.7%)||(1%)|n.s.|(0.3%)||(0.4%)||(0.7%)||(0%)|n.d.|(0.8%)|(1.3%)|(0%)|
||**Possession of assets**|6.2%|***|6.5%|<br>*|**|7%|***|2.7%|***|3.1%|<br>***|7.9%|***|0.7%|***|0.8%|***|0%|nd|0.4%|<br>1%|<br>0%|
|||(03%)||(03%)|||(03%)||(05%)||(07%)||(03%)||(02%)||(04%)||(0%)|..|(03%)|(09%)|(0%)|
|**Resilience**||.||.|||.||.||.||.||.||.||||.|.||
||**Public assistance**|9.4%|***|8.7%|<br>*|**|7.3%|***|10.1%|***|9.3%|<br>***|7.9%|***|9%|**|9.1%|***|0%|nd|8.4%|<br>7.7%|<br>8.3%|
|||(0.2%)||(0.2%)|||(0.2%)||(0.5%)||(0.5%)||(0.3%)||(0.5%)||(0.6%)||(0%)|..|(1.1%)|(1%)|(0%)|
||**Cit f i**|6.9%|***|7%|<br>*|**|7%|***|7.7%|***|8.5%|<br>***|5.9%|***|5.2%|***|6%|***|0%|d|5.7%|<br>7.2%|<br>8.3%|
||**apacy or savng**|(0.3%)||(0.3%)|||(0.2%)||(0.6%)||(0.5%)||(1.6%)||(0.5%)||(0.8%)||(0%)|n..|(1.2%)|(1.1%)|(0%)|
||**Confidence on**|6.5%|***|6.6%|<br>*|**|6.8%|***|9.7%|***|8.3%|<br>***|7.9%|***|12.2%|***|10.1%|***|0%||11.4%|<br>10.3%|<br>8.3%|
||**government institutions**|(0.2%)||(0.3%)|||(0.3%)||(0.6%)||(0.6%)||(0.3%)||(0.4%)||(0.4%)||(0%)|n.d.|(1.1%)|(0.6%)|(0%)|
||**Experience of**|4.4%|***|4.3%|<br>*|**|4.7%|***|6.6%|***|5.9%|<br>***|3.5%|***|5.5%|***|6.2%|***|0%|nd|5.9%|<br>5.1%|<br>0%|
|**Social Cohesion**|**discrimination**|(0.2%)||(0.3%)|||(0.4%)||(0.6%)||(0.9%)||(1.7%)||(0.5%)||(0.7%)||(0%)|..|(1%)|(1%)|(0%)|
||**Pi f f**|4.9%|***|4.8%|<br>*|**|5.9%|***|5.6%|***|6.8%|<br>***|4.7%|***|7.5%|***|8.9%|***|0%|d|6.8%|<br>7.1%|<br>8.3%|
||**ercepton o saety**|(0.3%)||(0.3%)|||(0.4%)||(0.7%)||(0.7%)||(1.4%)||(0.5%)||(0.6%)||(0%)|n..|(1.1%)|(1.2%)|(0%)|
||**Victim of crime**|3.6%|***|3.5%|<br>*|**|4%|***|5.1%|***|5.1%|<br>***|2.8%|***|4.3%|***|5.4%|***|0%|n.d.|7.8%|<br>7.5%|<br>8.3%|
|||(0.3%)||(0.2%)|||(0.4%)||(0.8%)||(1%)||(1.8%)||(0.5%)||(0.8%)||(0%)||(1%)|(1%)|(0%)|
|**Agency and**|**Civil participation**|4%|***|4.2%|<br>*|**|5%|***|2.9%|***|3.3%|<br>***|2.8%|***|3.3%|***|4.5%|***|0%|nd|4.8%|<br>2.3%|<br>0%|
|**voice**||(0.2%)||(0.3%)|||(0.5%)||(0.5%)||(0.9%)||(1.8%)||(0.5%)||(0.8%)||(0%)|..|(1.4%)|(1.3%)|(0%)|
||**Satisfaction with**|7%|***|7.4%|<br>*|**|7.2%|***|6.8%|***|7.1%|<br>***|7.9%|***|11.8%|***|10.1%|***|0%|nd|11%|<br>9%|<br>8.3%|
||**democracy**|(0.2%)||(0.2%)|||(0.3%)||(0.7%)||(0.9%)||(0.3%)||(0.4%)||(0.5%)||(0%)|..|(0.7%)|(0.8%)|(0%)|
|**Process**|**Government**|86%||85%|||73%||76%||86%||79%||95%||89%||0%||107%|<br>8%|<br>83%|
|**Legitimacy**<br>**Social**|<br>|.<br>|***|.<br>|<br>*|**|.<br>|***|.<br>|***|.<br>|<br>***|.<br>|***|.<br>|***|.<br>|***|<br>|n.d.|.<br>|<br> <br>|<br>.<br>|
|**accountability**|**effectiveness**|(0.2%)||(0.2%)|||(0.2%)||(0.5%)||(0.5%)||(0.3%)||(0.5%)||(0.6%)||(0%)||(0.8%)|(1%)|(0%)|
||**Satisfaction with the**<br>|10%|***|9.4%|<br>*|**|7.6%|***|10.2%|***|9%|<br>***|7.9%|***|13.1%|***|11.2%|***|0%||10.5%|<br>9.6%|<br>8.3%|
||**way corruption is**<br>**combatted**|(0.2%)||(0.2%)|||(0.1%)||(0.6%)||(0.5%)||(0.3%)||(0.3%)||(0.2%)||(0%)|n.d.|(1%)|(0.8%)|(0%)|

(a) To assess difference between groups we perfomed t-tests. The baseline category for ethnicity is white. ***, **, * denote statistically significant differences between groups at 1%, 5% and 10% levels respectively. n.s denotes non-statistical significance.

37