# **Annex B: Malaysian firm‐level data**

Table B1: Selected questions from Malaysian firm‐level survey

## **Survey Question 9.12: Research and development expenditure**

Refers to expenditure incurred on Research and Development (R&D) activities. R&D is the systematic study of new processes, techniques and applications & products.

- (a) In‐House: The percentage of expenses incurred by the establishment itself for the purposes of research and development.

- (b) Outsource: The percentage of expenses paid to other establishment for the purposes of research and development.

**Survey Section C2: Does your establishment has any Intellectual Property (IP) Protection System?**

Intellectual Property is the exclusive rights provided by law for a certain period of time to the creators of the works to control the use of their work. Intellectual property refers to patents, trademarks (including: brand registered / insured), copyright and related rights and others.

1. Patent is an exclusive right granted by the Government for a new invention, whether it is a product or a process. The protection of a patent is 20 years from the filing date.

2. Trademark may consist of words, logos, pictures, names, letters, numbers or a combination of such elements. It is a marketing tool that allows users to recognize and associate a release with certain dealers. Also known as mark, brand, logo or trademark is a sign placed on goods or services produced by a manufacturer to identify and distinguish it from goods or services produced by other parties.

3. Copyright in Malaysia is a work automatically protected when it meets the following conditions:

- Sufficient efforts have been made to make the work original in nature;

- The works were written, recorded or made in the form of materials and the creator is a qualified person;

- The works were made in Malaysia or the first publication of the work, is in Malaysia.

- Industrial design was the overall exterior appearance of an item or product. Shape or configuration is three dimensional aspects while decorative patterns or includes two dimensions. The characteristics of three dimensional or two or both which appear on finished goods shall be through the industrial method. These features will provide a unique appearance in an item or product.

- Geographical indication is an indication which identifies any goods as originating from a country or territory, or a region or a place in the national territory or, where quality is determined, or the reputation of the other characteristics of the goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. Geographical indications can be used above or natural or agricultural produce discharges or handicraft industry.

- Layout Designs of integrated circuits is the three‐dimensional arrangement of the elements of an integrated circuit and part or all of the relationships that integrated circuits or such three‐dimensional arrangement prepared for an integrated circuit intended to be manufactured. The law that protects the layout design of integrated circuits is the Layout‐Designs of Integrated Circuits Act 2000.

Source: Economic Census Malaysia 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia.

35