four-digit level. The survey covers all establishments with at least 10 employees or above a revenue threshold around 340 million Colombian pesos (at 2009 prices), which is close to 100,000 USD. The dataset contains rich information on key variables including plants’ geographical location, output production and sales for each product, total sales (local and export), material inputs, industrial and non-industrial costs, employee composition, and fixed asset holdings.

Gross output is the value of production of all products. Value-added is gross output after deducting material cost. Capital is measured using the perpetual inventory method, assuming a 5% depreciation rate, with the exception of land for which there is no depreciation. Employment size is the number of persons employed by the establishment. These include workers engaged in production and in non-production jobs. Labor cost includes wages and fringe benefits. Material costs include material input costs, electric energy expenditure, and land and building rental costs. Gross profit margin is gross output net of material cost and labor costs of workers associated with production, as a share of gross output. And net profit margin is gross output minus material cost, all labor cost, industrial and non-industrial costs, and taxes paid as a share of gross output. Nominal values are converted to 2014 Colombian pesos using the industrial production index reported by DANE which is the same for all industries. We deflate capital with the industrial production index reported by DANE for gross capital formation.

After merging manufacturing census data with the geospatial variables, the establishment-level data has complete information on 12,397 establishments engaged in 148 industries located across 267 municipalities. Similarly, the establishment-product level data contains the same number of establishments, and 6,711 products.

# _Ethiopia_

The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia conducts annual surveys of large and medium scale establishments engaged in manufacturing. In the surveys, economic activities are categorized as manufacturing based on United Nations ISIC-Rev.3 classification, and encompass industries 15-37 at the two-digit level. The survey covers all establishments with at least 10 employees and which use power-driven machinery.

The data set contains detailed information on key variables including plants’ geographical location, business ownership form, output production, sales (local and export) and other revenue receipts, material inputs (local and imported), industrial and non-industrial costs, employee composition, and fixed asset holdings. Gross output is revenue generated from local and export sales after adjusting for stock of goods at the beginning and end of the year. Value-added is sales revenue after deducting material cost. Capital is measured by the size of fixed assets holdings at the beginning of the year. Employment size is the number of persons engaged in production in full-time equivalents and comprises permanent as well as temporary and seasonal workers. Labor cost includes wages and fringe benefits. Nominal values are converted from local currency to U.S. dollars using exchange rate obtained from IMF’s International Financial Statistics, and finally converted to 2010 U.S. dollars.

After merging manufacturing census data with the geospatial variables based on town names, the establishmentlevel data has complete information on 3,465 establishments engaged in 18 industries located across 91 towns. Similarly, the establishment-product level data contains 2363 establishments, 17 industries, and 116 products.

# _Indonesia_

The economic and manufacturing census of Indonesia contains data on the universe of all manufacturing plants with at least 20 employees. The dataset provides information on primary activity of the plant (UN ISIC Rev.3 <u>https://www.dane.gov.co/files/sen/nomenclatura/tablasCorrelativas/CIIU3ACvsCIIU3Internal.pdf</u> version. For a detailed crosswalk and comparison, see 21