The KIDS (1998) questionnaire (Table A6) stands out in its coverage of individual and joint ownership of both farm equipment and non-agricultural business assets. However, it failed to solicit information on management of the enterprise. The 2000 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) (2000) asks specifically which householder owns the business.

None of these surveys ask about the individual level ownership of the business assets. To ascribe any individual level ownership, one would have to assume that the owner of the business is also the owner of the business assets. This may not necessarily be true.

_Savings_ . The LSMS are generally deficient in collecting individual data on financial assets. Yet, this data should be relatively easy to collect. Savings accounts are likely to be held in the name of one individual, although they are also jointly held. But only the Ghana LSMS questionnaire (1998-1999) collected data on individual ownership of bank accounts; other questionnaires sometimes collected flow data, on who in the household made a deposit in the preceding year.

The IFPRI questionnaire for the Philippines represents the best practice, with information on savings accounts collected for both individuals and joint ownership. However, no information was collected on other types of financial assets (such as stocks and bonds) or pensions; perhaps these were not considered relevant to the population being surveyed.

Another form of savings would be through pension systems. Many of the LSMS survey collect individual level data on non-labor income, including income from pensions. But they do not collect data on whether or not an individual has a claim to a pension. There is not any way to determine the value of the pension assets for individuals from the data that is collected. In particular, we have no information on people who are contributing to pensions, but are not receiving income from them at the time of the survey.

_Other physical assets_ . While the great majority of the LSMS questionnaires reviewed asked about household ownership of consumer durables, including vehicles, few collected this data at the individual level. Data on individual ownership of consumer durables was only systematically solicited in Nicaragua and jewelry in Afghanistan.<sup>27</sup> The best practice is the KIDS questionnaire in South Africa, which collected data for a lengthy list of consumer durables, vehicles and valued items that may serve as a store of wealth (or savings) such as jewelry. They asked which individual owned the assets and included a code for whether or not the asset was jointly owned, although the joint owners were not listed. The Indonesia Family Life Survey questionnaire (2000) asked which householder owned the asset in their section on consumer durables (including vehicles and jewelry.) The IFPRI questionnaire for the Philippines also collected data by individual and joint ownership for consumer durables and vehicles.

The separate women’s module in the more recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) includes questions about whether the respondent owns land, the dwelling she lives in, any other dwelling, jewelry, or livestock. It distinguishes between whether she owns 26