- 63 -

consistency, we are also mentioning the IISS estimate. The data on the military, should therefore be taken with some caution.

Wages and salaries estimates are from WB's Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR, and relate to 1992. GDP data are from Barbara Ossowicka (EC3C1) and relate to 1994. Average Government wage is based on Kazakstan Economic Trends, 2nd quarter 1996, published by the Government of Kazakstan's Center for Economic Reforms and relates to 1994. Estimate is an unweighted average of salary for March June and September data provided by the IMF. Government wage bill for 1994 is estimated at 2.8% of GDP. Source: WB Report Kazakstan: Transition of the State-(draft) February 16, 1995.

# **Kyrgyztan**

Unemployment rate reflects only official unemployment for 1994. Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR and are for 1994.

Data on Kyrgyz Republic are staff estimates based on information for Education and Health employment are taken from IMF Report SM195/55 and relate to 1995. Central Government employment is a staff estimate based on data found in the same source.

GDP at market prices, wages and salaries are taken from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the former USSR and relate to 1993. Average Govemment wages are from IMF Report No. SM/95/55 of March 17, 1995 and relate to 1993.

# **Latvia**

Population and labor force figures are from Vera Wilhelm (EC4BS) after consultation with the Latvia Statistical committee and relate to 1995. Total employment figure is also from Vera Wilhelm and refers to 1995. Unemployment figure is estimated on the basis of the above data. Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1993.

Data on Central Government employment, Education and Health employment is from Vera Wilhelm after consultation with Statistical Office and relates to 1995. Central Govemment employment probably also includes local govemment employment. Data on military employment are taken from the International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance Survey of 1995-96, and include conscripts, but exclude personnel in paramilitary units, i.e., the Border Guard (4,300) and the Coast Guard.

GDP at market prices and wages and salaries are from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the former USSR and relate to 1993. Average Government wages is a staff estimate based on figures from IMF Report No. SMI94/158. The IMF Report indicates average quarterly wage. The authors have taken the average of the four estimates for 1993 and multiplied it by 12 (months) to obtain average yearly wage. Data on wages in manufacturing are from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refer to 1993.

# **Lithuania**

Unemployment rate is taken from reflects only official unemployment for 1994. Data on paid employment in nonagricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1994. Central Government, Education and Health employment data are taken from the Department of Statistics of the Government of Lithuania (Vera Wilhelm EC4BS and Gediminas Dubauskas provided us with the data) and relates to 1995. Non Central Government employment is taken from the same source and relates to 1995 as well. Estimate includes personnel in municipalities, lower municipalities and police structure. Data on military employment include conscripts, but exclude personnel in paramilitary units, e.g., the Border Guard (4,000).

GDP at market prices is taken from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the former USSR and relates to 1992. Wages and salaries are taken from IMF Government Finance Statistics and relate to 1992. Average Government wages are from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the former USSR and relate to 1992. Data on wages in manufacturing (monthly basis) are from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refer to 1992.

# **Moldova**

Unemployment rate is taken reflects only official unemployment for 1994. Data on paid employment in nonagricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and is for 1994. Central Government and Local Government employment are taken from the Salvatore Schiavo-Campo's BTOR of May 7, 1996 from the Public Sector Management Mission and refers to 1996. Education and health data is a staff estimate for 1996 based on data available in the Statistical Handbook 1996: States of the Former USSR and information available on Mr. Schiavo-Campo's May 6, 1996 BTOR. Data on military employment include conscripts (11,000), but exclude personnel in paramilitary units, i.e. the Internal Troops (2,500) and the Riot Police (900), both under the authority of the Ministry of Interior.

GDP per capita estimate is from Moldova Country economist Arud Bannerjee. GDP estimate is calculated on the basis of the data mentioned above. Average Central Government wage is taken from BTO Report of May 7, 1996 for Public Sector Management Mission and relate to 1996.

# **Russian Federation**

Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1992.

Central Government, Non Central Government, Education and Health employment data are drawn from Towards a New Civil Service in Russia: Current Issues and Future Prospects (draft) of September 1995, and relate to 1992.