||Family index<br>Neuroticism<br>(8)<br>(9)|0.0580<br>-0.00500<br>(0.075)<br>(0.065)<br>814<br>807<br>0.0700<br>0.102<br>2.110<br>3.550<br>Yes<br>Yes<br>-0.0400<br>0.0300<br>0.370<br>0.543|0.186***<br>-0.0990<br>(0.071)<br>(0.074)|753<br>749<br>0.0840<br>0.107<br>2.950<br>2.890<br>Yes<br>Yes<br>-0.0300<br>0.0100<br>0.003<br>0.957|2.269<br>1.190<br>0.132<br>0.275<br>ength and Difculty Questionnaire (SDQ),<br>ms) of the SDQ, standardized. In column<br>zed. In columns (4) to (8), the dependent<br> the family index is the inverse covariance<br>rehand). In column (10), the family index<br> baseline test score, baseline poverty score,<br>who were eligible for the merit scholarship<br>tered at the school level). *** p<0.01, **<br>using seemingly unrelated estimation. The|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||Agreeableness<br>(7)|-0.0720<br>(0.066)<br>811<br>0.0950<br>2.530<br>Yes<br>0.0300|-0.0780<br>(0.078)|752<br>0.0640<br>1.510<br>Yes<br>0.0100|0.00400<br>0.948<br> pro-social) of the Str<br>lizing behavior proble<br> of the SDQ, standardi<br>rdized. In column (9),<br>have been fipped befo<br>r district fxed efects, <br> includes respondents <br>re in parentheses (clus<br>ng jointly equal to 0, <br>ty sample being equal.|
|omes|Big 5<br>Extraversion<br>(6)|0.00500<br>(0.077)<br>813<br>0.0960<br>2.820<br>Yes<br>0.0100|-0.0600<br>(0.084)|752<br>0.0910<br>2.200<br>Yes<br>0.0100|0.437<br>0.509<br> the score, the more<br>re, the more externa<br> behavior problems) <br>g Five scale, standa<br>mns (2), (3), and (8)<br>egressions control fo<br>t baseline. Panel A <br>st standard errors a<br>duals regressions bei<br>fcient of the pover|
|otional Outc|Conscientiousness<br>(5)|-0.0910<br>(0.062)<br>812<br>0.0600<br>2<br>Yes<br>0|-0.00200<br>(0.077)|752<br>0.0980<br>6.250<br>Yes<br>0.0200|1.103<br>0.294<br>o-social facet (the higher<br>acet (the higher the sco<br> the more externalizing <br>roticism facets of the Bi<br>(2008) (scores from colu<br> variables as in (9). All r<br>el variables, measured a<br>t=1, 0 otherwise). Robu<br> the coefcients of indivi<br>merit sample and the coe|
|Socioem|Openness<br>(4)|0.0300<br>(0.067)<br>813<br>0.0900<br>3.540<br>Yes<br>0.0400|0.0110<br>(0.074)|753<br>0.0720<br>2.350<br>Yes<br>0|0.0490<br>0.824<br>m 0 to 10 on the pr<br>rnalizing behavior f<br>the higher the score,<br>reeableness and Neu<br>following Anderson<br>n, on the same set of<br> 5 census village-lev<br>holarship (Treatmen<br> result of testing for <br>e coefcient of the|
|Table 5:|Externalizing<br>(3)|0.00200<br>(0.070)<br>812<br>0.0950<br>2.430<br>Yes<br>0|0.0530<br>(0.072)|753<br>0.0960<br>2.960<br>Yes<br>-0.0400|0.339<br>0.560<br>1) is the score fro<br> to 20 on the inte<br>g behavior facet (<br>, Extroversion, Ag<br>ight frst columns<br> quartimin rotatio<br>MIS) variables and<br>for the poverty sc<br>-value below) is a <br>lt of testing for th|
||SDQ<br>Internalizing<br>(2)|-0.0770<br>(0.059)<br>812<br>0.130<br>6.140<br>Yes<br>0|-0.0420<br>(0.087)|753<br>0.129<br>5.250<br>Yes<br>0|0.161<br>0.688<br>riable in column (<br>s the score from 0<br>n the externalizin<br>Conscientiousness<br>riables from the e<br>lysis (EFA) with <br> 6 school-level (E<br>ho were eligible <br> corresponding p<br>e below) is a resu|
||Prosocial<br>(1)|**Panel A. Merit**<br>Treatment<br>-0.0390<br>(0.066)<br>Observations<br>813<br>R-squared<br>0.0790<br>F-statistic<br>2.180<br>Covariates<br>Yes<br>Control mean<br>-0.0100<br>Joint signifcance: Ho: all coef. =0<br>Chi-square<br>p-value|**Panel B. Poverty**<br>Treatment<br>-0.00400<br>(0.078)|Observations<br>751<br>R-squared<br>0.0960<br>F-statistic<br>2.520<br>Covariates<br>Yes<br>Control mean<br>-0.0500<br>Joint signifcance: Ho: all coef. =0<br>Chi-square<br>p-value|**Joint test: Poverty vs. Merit**<br>Chi-square<br>0.175<br>p-value<br>0.676<br>Notes: Estimated treatment efects. The dependent va<br>standardized. In column (2), the dependent variables i<br>(3), the dependent variables is the score from 0 to 20 o<br>variables are the scores from 3 to 15 on the Openness, <br>matrix-weighted mean of the standardized dependent va<br>represents the frst factor from an exploratory factor ana<br>individual-level socio-economic variables from baseline, <br>(Treatment=1, 0 otherwise) and Panel B respondents w<br>p<0.05, * p<0.1. The joint signifcance Chi-square (and<br>poverty vs. merit Chi-square (and corresponding p-valu|

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