_- -_ 45

# Methodological Note

# Regional country groupings are consistent with that of the World Bank. Accordingly, reference to:

Af*ica encompasses only sub-Saharan Africa.

_Asia_ encompasses South East Asia, excluding Japan. Note that Korea. although waiting for ratification of ts membership in the OECD, is included in Asia for the purpose of this analysis.

_ECA_ Region encompasses nations of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Note that the Czech Republic. Hungary. Poland and Turkey. aithough members of the OECD. are included in ECA for the ouroose of this analysis.

_Laffn America_ **_and The_** Canibbean encompasses the following nations of North, Central and South America. Note that Mexico. although a member of the OECD. for the purpose of this analysis is included in the Latin America and the Caribbean grouping.

_Middle East and North_ Africa region encompasses selected Arab countries of North Africa and the Near East, in which the bank is active.

**_OECD 0egion_** encompasses member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, except for Turkey (included, for this analysis, in the ECA region), Mexico (included, likewise, in the LAC region), Luxembourg and Iceland (for which the requisite data are not available). Specifically, it includes: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States.

# Sources of Data

_Governments:_ through statistical yearbooks, yearly budget documents, personnel ministries or agencies, inquiries to embassy personnel.

The World Bank alone has undertaken 86 lending operations with civil service/public administration components, in the context of stand-alone operations, as well as studies and analyses for various other types of Bank documents, such as Public Expenditure Reviews and Country Economic Memoranda. Data have also been collected by various Resident Missions, at the request of the authors.

The Intemational Monetary Fund (IMF) regularly collects data on wages and salaries in the public sector. The Fund, through its _Govemment Finance Statistics,_ maintains a database of information on wages and salaries. In addition, it produces yearly assessments of economic and fiscal performance (i.e. Staff Background notes or Recent Economic Development series). In our study, these sources were complemented by the Fund's country desk resources, who responded to the authors' requests for data.

OECD has long collected information on public sector employment and wages for its member-countries and countries in Eastem Europe and the Former Soviet Union, through the PUMA program (public management). In this study, we have used, especially, the 1992 publication 'Public Management: OECD Country profiles".

UNDP studies on public sector employment were used as well. They were especially useful in countries such as Egypt, where all other sources of employment data were scarce. UNDP, through its publication 'Human Development Reports" for various countries has provided very valuable contextual and anecdotal information for this paper.

WHO and UNESCO, the United Nations agencies in charge of health and education respectively, sources were used to corroborate data on Heafth and Education employment coming from other sources, as well as directly providing us some valuable data on health and education employment in some countries.

EC PHARE and TACIS. the European Union institutions which provide development assistance to Central and Eastem European countries and to the CIS respectively, have been very active in providing technical assistance on matters of Public Administration Reform and therefore are a good source of data on public sector employment and wages.