Table 1c: Questions underlying establishment-level business environment indicators

|**Variable**|**Underlying survey question**|
|---|---|
|_Growth & Innovation_||
|Annual compound employment growth rate|The following table refers only to permanent workers of your plant: {Ave. number of workers}, {Ave.<br>number of workers 3 years ago}|
|Whether Firm Introduced a New Process (0/1)|Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives in the last three years? {Introduced new<br>technology that has substantially changed the way that the main product is produced}|
|Whether Firm Introduced a New Product (0/1)|Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives in the last three years? {Developed a major<br>new product line}|
|Whether the firm does R&D (0/1)|How much did your establishment spend on design or R&D last year? {>0}|
|R&D Spending/ Total Sales|How much did your establishment spend on design or R&D last year? / Please provide the following<br>information on your establishment‘s production, sales and expenses. {Total Sales}|
|_Establishment-level Business Environment_||
|Whether the firm exports (0/1)|What percent of your establishment‘s sales are:{exported directly}+{exported indirectly (through a<br>distributor)}|
|Whether the firm uses internet (0/1)|Does your enterprise regularly use e-mail or a website in its interactions with clients and suppliers?: {E-<br>mail}, {Website}|
|Whether the firm has external auditor (0/1)|Does your establishment have its annual financial statement reviewed by an external auditor?|
|Whether the firm is part of a business association (0/1)|Is your establishment/firm a member of a business association or chamber of commerce?|
|Whether the firm has ISO certification (0/1)|Has your firm received ISO (e.g. 9000, 9002 or 14,000) certification?|
|Whether the firm offers formal training programs (0/1)|Do you offer formal (beyond ―on the job‖) training to your permanent employees?|
|Fraction of borrowing in foreign currency|What share of your total borrowing (loans, accounts payable) is denominated in foreign currency?|
|Fraction of investment capital from local banks|Please identify the contribution over the last year of each of the following sources of financing for your<br>establishment‘s: ii) New investments (i.e. new land, buildings, machinery and equipment): {Local<br>commercial banks}|
|Average annual wage|The following table refers only to permanent workers of your plant: {Total wages} / {Ave. number of<br>workers}|
|Whether the firm established a new foreign joint venture (0/1)|Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives in the last three years? {Agreed to a new<br>joint venture with foreign partner}|
|Whether the firm established a new licensing agreement (0/1)|Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives in the last three years? {Obtained a new<br>licensing agreement}|
|_Enterprise Characteristics_||
|Whether the firm is government owned (0/1)|What percentage of your firm is owned by: {Government/State}|
|Whether the firm is foreign owned (0/1)<br>Whether the firm is incorporated (0/1)|What percentage of your firm is owned by: {Private Sector: a) foreign}|
||What is the current legal status of your firm? {Publicly listed company; Private held, limited company}|
|Fraction of workforce comprised of management employees|Ave. number of workers: {Management}, {Total}|
|Fraction of workforce comprised of skilled production employees|Ave. number of workers: {Skilled Production Workers}, {Total}|
|Fraction of workforce comprised of unskilled production employees|Ave. number of workers: {Unskilled Production Workers}, {Total}|
|Fraction of workforce comprised of female employees|The following table refers only to permanent workers of your plant: {Ave. number of workers of which:<br>% female}|

_Source: World Bank Enterprise Surveys_ Note: Specific wording of survey questions may vary across countries.

29