**<u>Table 1: Descriptive Statistics & Results from Tests & Mean Differences by Gender of Manager</u>**

|**_Ot Vibl_**|_Pooled Sample_|_Male Manager_|_Female Manager_|_Difference_|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|**_ucome arae_**<br>Self-Reported Productivity (Birr/HA)|7509.0|7756.3|6133.0|-1623.3***|
|<br>Log (Self-Reported Productivity)|8467|8502|8268|-0234***|
|<br>**_Manager Characteristics_**|.|.|.|.|
|<br>Age (years)|45.24|44.68|48.37|3.696***|
|Relationship to Household Head|||||
|<br>Head †|0.987|0.993|0.950|-0.0435**|
|Spouse †|0.00513|0.00170|0.0242|0.0225**|
|Son/Daughter †|0.00555|0.00488|0.00928|0.00439|
|Other Relative †|0.00253|-3.47e-18|0.0166|0.0166|
|Religion|||||
|<br>Orthodox †|0.512|0.505|0.553|0.0479|
|Protestant †|0.223|0.228|0.193|-0.0346|
|Muslim †|0.246|0.245|0.251|0.00591|
|<br>Other †|0.0191|0.0220|0.00278|-0.0192***|
|<br>Marital Status|||||
|Single †|0.0211|0.0219|0.0165|-0.00538|
|<br>Married †|0.844|0.950|0.253|-0.697***|
|Divorced †|0.0309|0.0142|0.124|0.110***|
|Widowed †<br>|0.104<br>|0.0138<br>|0.607<br>|0.593***<br>|
|Illiteracy †|0.588|0.533|0.896|0.363***|
|Years of Schooling<br>|1.579<br>|1.772<br>|0.506<br>|-1.266***<br>|
|Days Self-Reported Sick within Last Month|3.857|3.537|5.638|2.101*|
|<br>Manager Disability †|0.0528|0.0419|0.113|0.0714***|
|Hours per Week for Agriculture Activities|21.69|22.99|14.44|-8.546***|
|<br>Access to Extension Program †|0.357|0.363|0.321|-0.0416|
|Access to Credit Services †|0.261|0.271|0.204|-0.0673**|
|Access to Advisory Services †|0.704|0.704|0.707|0.00287|
|**_Manager Land Tenancy_**|||||
|<br>Total Land Managed (Hectares)|1.389|1.437|1.121|-0.316***|
|<br>Number of Fields Managed|13.02|13.22|11.90|-1.316*|
|Total Number of Tree Bearing Fruit|176.2|189.5|102.4|-87.08**|
|Total Number of Crops Produced<br>|7.378|7.486|6.776|-0.711**|
|**_Manager's Plot Certification (% of Total Fields)_**|||||
|<br>Fields for which HH has a Certificate|0.535|0.528|0.579|0.0515|
|Fields for which Manager Owns the Certificate|0.509|0.502|0.546|0.0439|
|**_Manager's Plot Occupation (% of parcels)_**|||||
|Granted by Local Leaders|0.449|0.435|0.530|0.0958**|
|<br>Inherited|0.416|0.417|0.412|-0.00498|
|Rented|0.0935|0.105|0.0298|-0.0752***|
|<br>Invasion Without Permission|<br>0.00504|<br>0.00544|<br>0.00284|<br>-0.00259|
|Other|0.0364|0.0384|0.0254|-0.0130|
|**_Manager's Plot Characteristics_**|||||
|Intercropping (% of fields)|0.244|0.250|0.209|-0.0405|
|<br>Crop Rotation †|0.829|0.829|0.829|-0.000180|
|Elevation (m)|2003.1|1987.8|2088.0|100.2***|
|Wetness Index|12.62|12.61|12.65|0.0428|
|Slope|13.06|13.24|12.06|-1.188|
|Distance to Household|1.715|1.883|0.781|-1.102*|
|**_Manager's Agricultural Non-Labor Input Use (for Season)_**|||||
|Fields that Use (% of Total)|||||
|<br>Irrigation|0.0271|0.0288|0.0178|-0.0110*|
|<br>Fertilizer|0.478|0.471|0.514|0.0430|
|Organic Fertilizer|0.298|0.288|0.350|0.0619**|
|<br>Crops that Use (% of Total)|||||
|<br>Pesticide|0.0202|0.0197|0.0232|0.00353|
|Herbicide<br>|0.0820<br>|0.0818<br>|0.0829<br>|0.00109<br>|
|Fungicide|0.00587|0.00517|0.00973|0.00456|
|<br>Pesticide Herbicide or Funicide|00980|00980|00978|-0000178|
|, g<br>Improved Seeds|.<br>0.0487|.<br>0.0483|.<br>0.0510|.<br>0.00272|
|<br>Chemical Fertilizer Used per Hectare (KG/HA)|45.31|45.99|41.51|-4.485|
|Oxen per Hectare|1.229|1.282|0.934|-0.348**|
|<br>Agricultural Implement Access Index|0.276|0.336|-0.0599|-0.396***|

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