||IbPOR|T-RELATED BARRIEIRS<br>||
|---|---|---|---|
|Barrers|Possible Corrective**Measures**|**Progress with Current Measures**|**Recommended Actions at Regonal**<sup>**Level**</sup>|
|Foreig<br>**Exchange**<br>**Controls**|- Freedom of access to the exchange<sup>market.</sup><br>- Better coverage of exchange risk.<br>- Establishment of compensatory mechanisms.<br>- Policy directed toward currency convertibility<br>and therefore toward stabilization of<sup>the</sup><br>exchange rates between Maghreb currencies.|Compensatory mechanisms exist already:<br>bilateral agreements between Maghreb<br>central banks.|IM - Ensure that_Banque maghribine_<br>_dinvestissementsetde commerce_<sup>_cxtaieur_</sup><br>takes an active part in financing Maghreb<br>projects and promoting the circulation<sup>of</sup><br>capital so as to encourage development<sup>of</sup><br>an industrial apparatus whose component<br>parts complement one another instead<sup>of</sup><br>being in competition.|
|Grant of<br>Charter<br>Licenses|- Liberalization of access to charter<br>arrangements through legal recognition<sup>of the</sup><br>right to form private charter companies<sup>to</sup><br>negotiate better freight rates with international<br>shipowners thereby eliminating present<sup>excess</sup><br>costs.|Partial measures under way in Tunisia.|M/EM - Foster establishment of<br>Maghrebian private shipowning companies<br>with modem fleets by creatig mcentive<br>regulatory fmework (fiscal inducements,<br>investment assistance, and so on).|
|**Customs**<br>Cleance<br>**Delays at**<br>Borders|- Adoption and application of international<br>agreements in the TIR and multimodal<sup>arenas.</sup><br>- Harmonization of customs procedures<sup>and</sup><br>standardization of technical specifications.<br>- Full computerization of customs<sup>clearance</sup><br>procedures.<br>- Clarity of documentation and accessibility<sup>of</sup><br>communications among all partners<sup>in the</sup><br>transport chain, through multidimensional<br>networks and electronic data exchange<sup>(edi)</sup><br>services.<br>- Adoption of international norms for<sup>technical</sup><br>specifications governing technical,<sup>safety, and</sup><br>environmental features of imported<sup>products.</sup>|Tunisia and Morocco are signatories<sup>of the</sup><br>TIR Convention. Algeria proposes<sup>to sign</sup><br>it.<br>- Various Maghreb taskforces are<sup>currently</sup><br>working on the harmonization of<sup>customs</sup><br>laws and procedures.<br>- One of these taskforces has a special<br>mandate to study transit difficulties<sup>and</sup><br>recommend solutions.<br>- Bilateral customs cooperation committees<br>have been formed by the three countries.<br>Their meetings provide forums for<sup>resolving</sup><br>numerous problems affecting both<sup>(private)</sup><br>passengers and economic operators.<sup>Other</sup><br>bilateral committees and commissions<sup>that</sup><br>group representatives of the trade sector<br>(economy, transport, customs police,<br>business circles) have also helped to<br>facilitate fornalities at land border posts,<br>ports, and airports.|**EM/IM**- Adjustments to reflect<sup>European</sup><br>and Maghrebian norms affecting the<br>nomenclature of merchandise.<br>EM/IM - Standardization of international<br>**00**<br>transit documents, in accordance<sup>with</sup><br>European and Maghrebian regulations.|

IM Intra-Maghreb EM Europe/Maghreb