**Table 6A - Basic results for Development Outcomes . (OLS and Instrumental Variables using  Log of Wheat Sugar Sustainability)** **<u>Human Opportunity Index controlling for Gini Index</u>**

|Regression|OLS|OLS(Ci Sl)<br>Dependent V|OLS<br>ariable: Instituti|IV<br>onal Index,Average W|IV<br>BGI 2009|IV|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Human Opportunity Index*|0.775***<br>|omparson ampe|0.783***<br>|0.806***<br>|<br>0.842***<br>|<br>0.890***<br>|
|Gini Index*|(0.07)|-1.014**|(0.09)<br>0.052|(0.12)|(0.23)<br>0.108|(0.14)|
|||(0.31)|(0.23)||(0.46)||
|Americas - LAC plus Canada and United States||||||12.512*<br>(6.06)|
|Europe and Central Asia||||||3.288<br>(4.90)|
|Middle East and Africa||||||7.808<br>|
|constant|18.992***|106.242***|16.461|15.907*|9.649|(5.88)<br>5.27|
||(5.00)|(11.28)|(12.32)|(7.84)|(30.37)|(10.17)|
|R-sqr|0.659|0.162|0.658||||
|Number of Observations<br>|63|59|59|49<br>|49<br>|49<br>|
|Wald F-statistics from first stage<br>Reression||D|eendent Varia|21.945<br>le: Infant Mortalit|6.304|9.514|
|g|OLS|OLS(Comparison Sample)<br>|OLS<br>p|IV<br> y|IV|IV|
|Human Opportunity Index*|-0.358***<br>||-0.355***<br>|-0.436***<br>|-0.538***<br>|-0.510***<br>|
|Gini Index*|(0.03)|0.515***|(0.04)<br>0.006|(0.06)|(0.09)<br>-0.308*|(0.08)|
|||(014)|(011)||(014)||
|Americas - LAC plus Canada and United States||.|.||.|-3.469<br>(4.11)|
|Europe and Central Asia||||||1.704<br>|
|Middle East and Africa||||||(3.33)<br>-4663|
|||||||.<br>(4.15)|
|constant|34.486***|-7.145|34.234***|40.159***|57.996***|44.950***|
||(2.38)|(5.16)|(6.03)|(4.70)|(10.37)|(6.57)|
|R-sqr<br>Number of Observations|0.649<br>61|0.194<br>58|0.645<br>58|49|49|49|
|<br>Wald F-statistics from first stage||||21.945|6.304|9.514|
|**D-Index controlling for Gini Index**<br>Regression||Dependent V|ariable: Instituti|onal Index,Average W|BGI 2009||
||OLS|OLS(Comparison Sample)<br>|OLS<br>|IV<br>|IV<br>|IV|
|Dissimilarity Index*|-1.853***<br>(022)||-1.762***<br>(026)|-2.221***<br>(046)|-2.219**<br>(076)|-2.383***<br>(056)|
|Gini Index*|.|-1.014**|.<br>-0.165|.|.<br>-0.002|.|
|Ai - LAC l Cd d Uitd Stt||(0.31)|(0.26)||(0.47)|13884|
|mercas pus anaa an ne aes||||||.<br>(6.97)|
|Europe and Central Asia||||||5.049<br>|
|Middle East and Africa||||||(5.27)<br>4.586<br>624|
|constant|89.681***|106.242***|94.410***|92.457***|92.523***|(.)<br>87.858***|
|R-sqr|(2.87)<br>0.544|(11.28)<br>0.162|(8.56)<br>0.544|(4.82)|(10.73)|(6.69)|
|Number of Observations|63|59|59|49|49|49|
|Wld Fii f fi||||14806|4999|6916|
|a -statstcs rom rst stage<br>Regression||D|ependent Variab|.<br>le: Infant Mortality|.|.|
||OLS|OLS(Comparison Sample)<br>|OLS<br>|IV<br>|IV|IV|
|Dissimilarity Index*|0.866***||0.805***|1.203***|1.420***|1.367***|
|Gini Index*|(0.10)|0.515***|(0.12)<br>0.108|(0.25)|(0.39)<br>-0.237|(0.34)|
|||(0.14)|(0.12)||(0.20)||
|Americas - LAC plus Canada and United States||||||-4.256<br>|
|Europe and Central Asia||||||(3.73)<br>0.693<br>|
|Middle East and Africa||||||(2.39)<br>-2.815<br>393|
|constant|1.776|-7.145|-1.243|-1.3|4.976|(.)<br>-2.432|
|R-sqr|(1.36)<br>0.551|(5.16)<br>0.194|(3.97)<br>0.553|(1.94)|(4.72)|(3.52)|
|Number of Observations<br>|61|58|58|49<br>|49<br>|49<br>|
|Wald F-statistics from first stage<br>* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001||||14.806|4.999|6.916|

*Average Mathematics, Reading and Science Outcomes Level 2 - PISA 2009 *Gini Index: Average 1960-2010

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