**<u>Table 5: Effects of land rights on agricultural investment by gender and inheritance regime (IHPS)</u>**

||<br>**Organic ma**|<br>**nure applied**|<br>**Cash cro**|**p planted**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Women have right to make decision (_β_11)|0.033|0.038|-0.000|0.003|
||[0.409]|[0.324]|[0.989]|[0.926]|
|Women have right to invest (_β_12)|0.052|0.059|-0.038|-0.033|
||[0.340]|[0.209]|[0.690]|[0.743]|
|Women have right to bequeath land (_β_13)|0.152**|0.160***|0.072|0.074|
||[0.014]|[0.009]|[0.219]|[0.255]|
|Women have right to sell land (_β_14)|<br>0.005|<br>0.005|<br>-0.072|<br>-0.071|
||[0.940]|[0.936]|[0.526]|[0.556]|
|Men have right to make decision (_β_21)|0.017|0.019|-0.004|-0.011|
||[0.858]|[0.870]|[0.962]|[0.898]|
|Men have right to invest (_β_22)|-0.036|-0.036|0.095|0.105|
||[0.754]|[0.750]|[0.397]|[0.347]|
|Men have right to bequeath land (_β_23)|<br>-0.003|<br>0.011|<br>0.158*|<br>0.163*|
||[0.992]|[0.956]|[0.095]|[0.096]|
|Men have right to sell land (_β_24)|0.064|0.040|0.048|0.046|
||[0.611]|[0.756]|[0.440]|[0.517]|
|Women have right to make decision|-0.019|-0.042|-0.203|-0.218|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_31)|[0.686]|[0.367]|[0.131]|[0.127]|
|<br>Women have right to invest|-0.270|-0.289|0.086|0.080|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_32)|[0.246]|[0.102]|[0.455]|[0.481]|
|Women have right to bequeath land|-0.024|-0.031|-0.114|-0.115|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_33)|[0.799]|[0.766]|[0.365]|[0.370]|
|<br>Women have right to sell land|<br>0.244**|<br>0.237**|<br>0.117|<br>0.115|
|<br>*Non-matrilineal community (_β_34)|[0.016]|[0.030]|[0.404]|[0.429]|
|Men have right to make decision|0.095|0.103|0.186|0.195|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_41)|[0.664]|[0.651]|[0.271]|[0.285]|
|Men have right to invest|0.139|0.180|-0.162|-0.159|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_42)|[0.291]|[0.220]|[0.251]|[0.265]|
|Men have right to bequeath land|-0.030|-0.095|-0.119|-0.139|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_43)|[0.901]|[0.669]|[0.569]|[0.497]|
|<br>Men have right to sell land|-0.076|-0.066|0.051|0.048|
|*Non-matrilineal community (_β_44)|[0.699]|[0.743]|[0.851]|[0.836]|
|Parcel characteristics|No|Yes|No|Yes|
|Observations|1,932|1,932|1,932|1,932|
|R-squared|0.778|0.781|0.587|0.589|
|Mean of dependent variable|0.233|0.233|0.070|0.070|
|<br>Means of independent variables:|||||
|<br>Female bequest in matrilineal com.|0.444|0.444|0.444|0.444|
|<br>Female sale right in matrilineal com.|0.407|0.407|0.407|0.407|
|<br>Male bequest right in matrilineal com.|0.324|0.324|0.324|0.324|
|<br>Male sale right in matrilineal com.|0.299|0.299|0.299|0.299|
|Female bequest right in non-matrilineal community|0.456|0.456|0.456|0.456|
|Female sale right in non-matrilineal community|0.347|0.347|0.347|0.347|
|Male bequest right in non-matrilineal community|0.407|0.407|0.407|0.407|
|Male sale right in non-matrilineal community|0.333|0.333|0.333|0.333|

_Notes_ : IHPS data are used and the sample includes owned parcels only. Indicator variables for women’ ownership or men’s ownership and their interactions with non-matrilineal community are controlled for. Household fixed effects and parcel size are controlled for throughout. Parcel characteristics include soil type (sandy, between sandy and clay, or clay), land slope (flat, slight slope, moderate slope, or hilly), and whether land is in swamp/wetland. Robust standard errors are clustered by district. Figures in square brackets are p-values from wild cluster bootstrap (Roodman, 2018) with Rademacher weights and 1000 replications. *** significant at 1%; significant at 5%; * significant at 10%.

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