# Step 3: Estimation of the green task intensity index

The Green Task Intensity (GTI) index measures the green task-content of occupations. It is the proportion of green tasks in an occupation o as described in the formula below. Similar to Vona et al. (2018) measure of the greenness of the occupation, it captures the extensive and intensive margin. G =<sup># g</sup> # t<sup>eee tttkkttoo</sup> oo While the GTI is a useful measure of greenness, it is not exempt from drawbacks. First, it assumes that GG oo ttkktt While the GTI is a useful measure of greenness, it is not exempt from drawbacks. First, it assumes that each task is performed with the same frequency and has the same importance. In the U.S., Vona et al. (2019) compute weights according to the importance score attributed to each occupation-specific task based on the richness of the task module of O*NET data. Second, it should be noted that the GTI may underestimate the level of greenness of an occupation since the task statements listed under each occupation are not necessarily a fully exhaustive list, but rather a good description of what the occupation involves for the majority of jobs. Third, emerging occupations—many of which are associated with the greening of the economy—may now be under the residual occupation code ('not elsewhere classified occupations') and may not be captured since the task description of these residual occupations tends to be broad.

Next, we compute two indexes, one for each dictionary, and label them accordingly: GTI narrow and GTI broad (see appendix E for GTI at 4-digit occupational level). The extensive margin simply measures whether occupations have at least one green task or not. The GTI narrow classifies 36 out of 433 occupations as green (or 8% of all occupations) (figure 3.2 panel a). The intensive margin measures the level of greenness, with some occupations with close to 90 percent of their tasks being green as plotted in figure 3.2 panel b). Green occupations are found across all skill levels and independently of the main activity of the firm; however, larger percentages are found among high skilled occupations. Forty-one percent of the occupations are either professionals or technicians and associate professionals, but almost a quarter are craft and related trade workers, and 14 percent are skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers (figure 3.3).

As mentioned above, the sensitivity analysis carried out with the broad dictionary led to classifying more green tasks and in turned 91 additional occupations as having green potential (or 21 percent of all 4- digit occupations). This leaves 306 occupations without any green task regardless of the tolerance of greenness applied. The broad dictionary captures relatively more low-skilled occupations, in the craft and related trade workers, and plant and machine operators and assemblers. Very few occupations within the managerial, service and sales representative, and clerical support workers major occupational groups have green task content. Not surprisingly, the intensive margin changes less when using the broad dictionary. As seen in the green shaded area of figure 3.2 panel (b), the vast majority of the occupations (31 out of the 36 green occupations) that were considered green, only have minor increases in the greenness level.<sup>55</sup> In sum, the expansion of the dictionary acts mostly on the extensive margin rather than on the intensive margin.

> 55 The five occupations with notable changes are Environmental engineers, Environmental protection professionals, Refuse sorters, Meteorologists, and Garbage and recycling collectors.

21