<!-- Start of picture text --> Table 43: Expenditure based Poverty among adults aged 15+<br>—. Padt Pad? © 4Poads OO<br>Noor Atleasta At keasta<br>Any some lot of No Some bt of<br>Indicator/country No Difficulty difficulty Difference Difficulty difficulty Difference Difficulty difficulty Difference difficulty Difference<br>AfghanstanBelowthe International povertyline (1.90 a day)<br>Bangladesh 0.82 0.81 .014** 0.82 0.83F -011 0.82 0.80 .019*#* 0.83 F -.009<br>Ethiopia 0. 1267 0. 7012" -.031*-.007 0. 1267 0. 6913" -.013-0.02 0. 1267 0. 7012" -.034*-.005 0. 6913" 0.-. 01 39<br>Malawi 0.67 064 .039** 0.67 0.72 = -.055** 0.67 0.62 .05344* 0.72 -.05*<br>Namibia 0.09 0.12 -.032*#* 0.10 0.15 -.055*** 0.09 0.12 -.025*#* 0.15 -.059*#*<br>Nepean 0.39 036 0.02 0.39 0.30 .O87* 0.39 0.40 -0.02 0.30 .086*<br>Tanzania (LSMS) 0.26 028" -.022 0.26 035 = -.0914* 0.26 0.26" 001 0.35 -.091**<br>Uganda 0.64 0.69 -.047** 0.64 0.76 -.121*** 0.64 0.66 -0.02 0.76 = -.124***<br>AfghanstanBelow the $3.20 a day poverty0.96 line 0.96” 002 0.96 0.97" = -.004 0.96 0.96" 004 0.97F -.004<br>Bangladesh 0.48 OAT .012* 0.48 0.47" 004. 0.48 0.46 .014* 0.47" -005<br>Ethiopia 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.88 0.89 -0.02 0.88 0.87 0.00 0.89 -0.017<br>Malawi 0.86 0.85" -005 0.86 0.89 -.034* 0.86 0.85" 011 0.89 -.033*<br>Namibia 0.22 O27 -.049**#* 0.23 0.32 -.0914** 0.22 0.26 = -.037#** 0.32 -.097#**<br>Neen 0.70 0.75 -.053* 0.70 0.72 -0.02 0.70 0.77 -.072** 0.72 -0.022<br>Tanzania (LSMS) 0.53 057 -.042** 0.53 0.64 -.112*** 0.53 0.55 -018 0.64 -.1144#*<br>Upganda 0.84 0.89 -.05*** 0.84 0.91 -.065*** 0.84 0.88 -.04444* 0.91 -.O7FF*<br>Below the $5.50 a day poverty line<br>Afghanstan 0.99 099 -001 0.99 0.99 -.002 0.99 0.99 .003* 0.99 -.001<br>Bangladesh 0.82 0.80 .017*** 0.82 0.82 oO 0.82 0.80 .021*4* 0.82 -001<br>Ethiopia 0.97 098 0.00 0.97 0.97 0.00 0.97 0.98 0.01 0.97 0.001<br>Malawi 0.94 0.95 -.005 0.94 0.97 = -.029*** 0.94 0.95 -.001 0.97 -.0294**<br>Namibia 0.41 OAT -.064*#* 0.42 0.52 -. 1#* 0.41 0.46 = -.053*4* 0.52 -.108*#*<br>Neen 0.89 0.89 -0.01 0.89 0.86 0.03 0.89 0.91 -0.02 0.86 0.027<br>Tanzania (LSMS) 0.78 0.81" -.022 0.78 0.86 -.073*** 0.78 0.79" -.005 0.86 -.073***<br>Uganda 0.94 096 -.029*#* 0.94 0.97 -0.03 0.94 0.96 -.028*** 0.97 -.031*<br>Below $1.90 using total expend itures met of health expenditures<br>Afghanstan 0.84 0.83 © -005 0.84 0.85 -.013* 0.84 0.83 .0134* 0.85" -.011<br>Bangladesh 0.13 0.15 -.012*** 0.13 0.16 = -.025** 0.13 0.14 -.009* 0.16 -.025**<br>Malawi 0.68 064 .039%#* 0.68 0.74 = -.061** 0.68 0.63 .05344* 0.74 -.056**<br>Namibia 0.09 0.13 -.032*#* 0.10 0.15 -.0544** 0.09 0.12 -.025*#* 0.15 -.058***<br>Nepew 041 0A2 -0.01 0.41 0.39 0.02 0.41 0.45 -0.04 0.39 0.021<br>Tanzania (LSMS) 0.28 030" -.025 0.28 0.39 -.111*** 0.28 0.27" 004 0.39 -.1]###<br>Uganda 0.66 0.72 -.058*** 0.67 0.79 -.126*** 0.66 0.70 -0.04 0.79 -.13*#*<br>Notes: - stands for not availbk. *, **, and *** indicth a ttethe difference 1s statistically sipnificant at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels respectively<br>Source: Authors’ calculations based on the datasets m Table 2.1<br><!-- End of picture text -->

|Table 43: Expendit<br>|ure based Po<br>|verty amo|ng adultsage<br>|d 15+<br>||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|—.|Padt||P|d?||©|4Poad|s||O|O|
|||||Noor|Atleasta|||||At<sup>keasta</sup>||
||A|ny||some|lotof||No|Some||btof||
|Indicator/country<br>N<br><br>|o Difficulty d<br> <br>|ifficulty<br>D<br> <br>|ifference<br> <br>|Difficulty|<br>difficulty D|ifference|Difficulty|difficulty<br>|Difference|<br>difficulty|Difference|
|BelowtheInternati<br>|onalpov<br>|erty<br>|<br>|||||||||
|<br><br>|<br><br>|<br> <br>|<br> <br>||||||||<br>|
|||<br><br>|<br><br>|||||||<br>|<br><br><br>|
|Ethiopia|**0.**12<br>67|**0.**12"<br>70|-.007<br>-.031*|**0.**12<br>67|**0.**13<br>69|-.013<br>-0.02|**0.**12<br>67|**0.**12"<br>70|-.005<br>-.034*|<br>**0.**13<br>69|<br><br><br>-.**01**3<br>0.<br>9|
|Malawi|0.67|064|.039**|0.67|0.72|=-.055**|0.67|0.62|.05344*|0.72|-.05*|
|Namibia|0.09|0.12|-.032*#*|0.10|0.15|<br>-.055***|0.09|0.12|-.025*#*|0.15|-.059*#*|
|Nepean|0.39|036|0.02|0.39|0.30|.O87*|0.39|0.40|-0.02|0.30|.086*|
|Tanzania(LSMS)|0.26|028"|-.022|0.26|035|=-.0914*|0.26|0.26"|001|0.35|-.091**|
|<br>Uganda|0.64|0.69|-.047**|0.64|0.76|<br>-.121***|0.64|0.66|-0.02|0.76|=-.124***|
|Belowthe$3.20ad<br>|ypovert<br>|y<br>||||||||||
|<br>Afghanstan|<br>l<br>0.96|ne<br>0.96”|002|0.96|0.97"|=-.004|0.96|0.96"|004|0.97|-.004|
|Bangladesh|0.48|OAT|.012*|0.48|0.47"|<br><br>004.|0.48|0.46|.014*|0.47|"<br>-005|
|Ethiopia|0.88|0.88|0.00|0.88|0.89|-0.02|0.88|0.87|0.00|0.89|-0.017|
|Malawi|0.86|0.85"|-005|0.86|0.89|-.034*|0.86|0.85"|011|0.89|-.033*|
|Namibia|0.22|O27|-.049**#*|0.23|0.32|-.0914**|0.22|0.26<br>|=-.037#**|0.32|-.097#**|
|Neen|0.70|0.75|-.053*|0.70|0.72|-0.02|0.70|0.77|<br>-.072**|0.72|-0.022|
|Tanzania(LSMS)|0.53|057|-.042**|0.53|0.64|-.112***|0.53|0.55|-018|0.64|-.1144#*|
|<br>Upganda|0.84|0.89|-.05***|0.84|0.91|-.065***|0.84|0.88|-.04444*|0.91|-.O7FF*|
|Belowthe$5.50ad|aypovertyli|ne||||||||||
|<br>Afghanstan|<br>0.99|099|-001|0.99|0.99|-.002|0.99|0.99|.003*|0.99|-.001|
|Bangladesh|0.82|0.80|.017***|0.82|0.82|oO|0.82|0.80|.021*4*|0.82|-001|
|Ethiopia|0.97|098|0.00|0.97|0.97|0.00|0.97|0.98|0.01|0.97|0.001|
|Malawi|0.94|0.95|-.005|0.94|0.97<br>=|-.029***|0.94|0.95|-.001|0.97|-.0294**|
|Namibia|0.41|OAT|-.064*#*|0.42|<br>0.52|<br>-.1#*|0.41|0.46<br>|=-.053*4*|0.52|-.108*#*|
|Neen|0.89|0.89|-0.01|0.89|0.86|<br>0.03|0.89|0.91|<br>-0.02|0.86|0.027|
|Tanzania(LSMS)|0.78|0.81"|-.022|0.78|0.86|-.073***|0.78|0.79"|-.005|0.86|-.073***|
|<br>Uganda|0.94|096|-.029*#*|0.94|0.97|-0.03|0.94|0.96|-.028***|0.97|-.031*|
|Below$1.90usingt|otalexpendit|uresmeto|fhealthexpen|ditures||||||||
|<br>Afghanstan|<br>0.84|<br>0.83©|<br>-005|0.84|0.85|-.013*|0.84|0.83|.0134*|0.85|-.011|
|Bangladesh|0.13|<br>0.15|-.012***|0.13|0.16|=-.025**|0.13|0.14|-.009*|0.16|-.025**|
|Malawi|0.68|064|.039%#*|0.68|0.74|<br>=-.061**|0.68|0.63|.05344*|0.74|-.056**|
|Namibia|0.09|0.13|-.032*#*|0.10|0.15|<br>-.0544**|0.09|0.12|-.025*#*|0.15|-.058***|
|Nepew|041|0A2|-0.01|0.41|0.39|0.02|0.41|0.45|-0.04|0.39|0.021|
|Tanzania(LSMS)|0.28|030"|-.025|0.28|0.39|-.111***|0.28|0.27"|004|0.39|-.1]###|
|<br>Uganda<br>|0.66<br>|0.72<br>|-.058***<br> <br>|0.67<br><br>|0.79<br>|-.126***<br>|0.66<br>|0.70<br>|-0.04<br>|0.79|-.13*#*|
|Notes:- stands for n<br>Source:Authors’calc|otavailbk. *<br>ulationsbase|,**,and*<br>donthedat|**indic**a**<br>th t <br>asetsmTable|te<br> the difference <br>2.1|1s statisticall|y sipnificantat|the 10%,5%and|1%levels re|spectively|||