# Contents

## **ESTIMATES OF AD VALOREM EQUIVALENTS OF BARRIERS AGAINST FOREIGN SUPPLIERS OF SERVICES IN ELEVEN SERVICES SECTORS AND 103 COUNTRIES ... 1**

|**YAGHOOB JAFARI AND DAVID G. TARR ................................................................................ 1**|
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|**1.**<br>**INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1**|
|**2. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 4**|
|2.1 BASIC CONCEPTS......................................................................................................................... 4|
|2.1.1 The Ad Valorem Equivalent. .......................................................................................... 4|
|2.1.2 Discriminatory versus Non-Discriminatory Barriers. ..................................................... 5|
|2.2 DATASOURCES. ......................................................................................................................... 5|
|2.3 CALCULATION OFSERVICESTRADERESTRICTIVENESSINDICES FROM THEWORLDBANK<br>DATABASEACCORDING THEMETHODOLOGY OF THEAUSTRALIANPRODUCTIVITY<br>COMMISSION............................................................................................................................. 6|
|2.4 TRANSFORMING OURSERVICESTRADERESTRICTIVENESSINDICES INTOADVALOREM<br>EQUIVALENTS. ......................................................................................................................... 10|
|2.4.1 Banking and Insurance. ................................................................................................. 11|
|2.4.2 Transportation Services. ................................................................................................ 11|
|2.4.3 Fixed Line and Mobile Telephone Services. ................................................................. 12|
|2.4.4 Professional Services. .................................................................................................... 13|
|2.4.5 Distribution Services. .................................................................................................... 13|
|**3. RESULTS AND CAVEATS ........................................................................................................ 14**|
|3.1 RESULTS................................................................................................................................... 14|
|3.2 CAVEATS.................................................................................................................................. 15|
|**REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 16**|
|**TABLES ......................................................................................................21**|
|**APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................. 56**|
|APPENDIXA: THEADVALOREMEQUIVALENCE OFTRADE INSERVICESBARRIERS IN<br>DIFFERENTMODES OFTRANSPORT......................................................................................... 56|
|APPENDIXB: THEADVALOREMEQUIVALENCE OFTRADE INSERVICESBARRIERS IN IN<br>TELECOMSERVICESSECTORS................................................................................................. 67|

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