the region. Third, again due to cultural closeness, the nature of these variations is known across the region.<sup>9</sup>

**Additional measures** : We collected usual socio-economic and demographic information, including: age, gender, marital status and education. In addition, we collected data on selfreported risk preference and a short-form personality survey to ascertain GRIT among participants. Noting that a small number of participants did not answer all survey questions, we undertake a regression-based data interpolation process to complete the dataset.<sup>10</sup>

Table 1: Partner Assignment and Sample Sizes by Treatment and Community Status

|||H|ost|||Re|fugee||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||In|group|Ou|tgroup|Ing|roup|Out|group|
||T|C|T|C|T|C|T|C|
|Outreach/Baseline|219|48|203|48|147|72|147|49|
|Endline|179|34|222|37|148|45|133|51|

We present summary statistics of demographic data and other covariates for the baseline (Top) and endline (Bottom) for Jordan in Table 2 and for Lebanon in Table 3.

# [TABLES 2 AND 3 ABOUT HERE]

_Identification:_ The “fuzzy”, treatment intake is not random. As can be seen in Table 1, there are some elements of attrition from the sample. The sample decreases by about 10% from baseline to endline. We, therefore, first examine whether or not there is structure, both, to selection into the treatment group and attrition, which could undermine our econometric approach, where we rely on difference-in-difference estimators. Imbalance between treatment and control groups could undermine the key assumption of parallel trends. For example, given that men and women face different barriers in the labor market, we should not expect employment to evolve in the same way for men and women after the treatment. We would expect to observe a difference-in-differences for a treatment group where women are more common than in the reference group, even without the program.

To test for imbalances, we run a simple regression of treatment and attrition indicators at baseline on the socio-economic and demographic controls, GRIT indicators, self-reported optimism, employment status and risk. Table 4 (Column 1 for the treatment analysis, Column 2 for the attrition analysis) shows some signs of structure. In particular, host status and risk preferences are significantly different between treatment and control, with

> 9 For example, “hummus” is used to refer to chickpeas in general but can also be used for the dish involving mashed chickpeas, tahini, lemon and garlic in Lebanon. In other dialects, some qualifiers are required to specify this dish (e.g. hummus ne’em, or smooth hummus). This is akin to identifying a British or American individual using similar variations in foodstuffs such as courgette / zucchini; coriander / cilantro; etc. 10 Specifically, we regress variables with missing observations on the list of all variables with a complete record. We then use the predicted values from this regression to populate the missing variables. Where appropriate, predicted values are rounded to the nearest integer and within answer codes of that variable. In a second round, this process is repeated on the full set of actual and predicted values from the first stage.

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