**Table 2.** Baseline Summary Statistics and Balance

||**Treatment**<br>**students**<br>**(1)**|**Spillover**<br>**students**<br>**(2)**|**Control**<br>**students**<br>**(3)**|**Difference**<br>**(1–3)**|**Difference**<br>**(2–3)**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Panel A: Variables available at random assignment**||||||
|School year begins in January (=1)|0.720|0.731|0.699|0.020|0.032|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.12)|(0.12)|
|Single shift school (=1)|0.606|0.623|0.577|0.028|0.046|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.13)|(0.13)|
|Morning shift (=1)|0.637|0.658|0.652|−0.016|0.006|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.12)|(0.12)|
|City with more than 600,000 people (=1)|0.260|0.239|0.251|0.009|−0.011|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.11)|(0.11)|
|Number of 9th grade classrooms in school|3.226|3.258|3.081|0.145|0.177|
||(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.32)|(0.32)|
|Average number of students in each classroom|37.257|37.330|38.296|−1.039|−0.965|
||(0.28)|(0.29)|(0.22)|(2.42)|(2.47)|
|Number of computers in school|37.669|38.246|35.909|1.761|2.337|
||(0.44)|(0.45)|(0.52)|(5.17)|(5.19)|
|School does not teach sexual education (=1)|0.168|0.167|0.135|0.033|0.032|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.09)|(0.09)|
|_p_-value from_F_-test of joint significance on all above var|iables|||0.94|0.89|
|**Panel B: Baseline variables not available at random assi**|**gnment**|||||
|Male (=1)|0.414|0.402|0.490|−0.076|−0.088*|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.05)|(0.05)|
|Not sexually active (=1)|0.617|0.587|0.590|0.026|−0.003|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.04)|(0.04)|
|Age|14.935|15.020|14.977|−0.042|0.043|
||(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.11)|(0.12)|
|Mother’s years of education|12.706|12.641|12.584|0.121|0.056|
||(0.07)|(0.07)|(0.07)|(0.11)|(0.10)|
|Father’s years of education|12.672|12.579|12.503|0.169|0.076|
||(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.08)|(0.13)|(0.13)|
|Socioeconomic level [1, 6]|2.175|2.170|2.162|0.013|0.008|
||(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.03)|(0.13)|(0.13)|
|PC at home (=1)|0.323|0.305|0.326|−0.003|−0.021|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.04)|(0.04)|
|Cellphone (=1)|0.742|0.737|0.716|0.026|0.022|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.03)|(0.03)|
|Does not use Internet in school (=1)|0.447|0.512|0.482|−0.035|0.031|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.09)|(0.09)|
|Does not use Internet (=1)|0.238|0.252|0.252|−0.014|0.000|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.03)|(0.03)|
|Religion is important (=1)|0.619|0.601|0.618|0.001|−0.017|
||(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.03)|(0.03)|
|_p_-value from_F_-test of joint significance on all above var|iables|||0.79|0.62|

_Source_ : Authors’ analysis from student survey. _Note_ : Columns (1)–(3) report means, with standard errors in parentheses. For columns (4) and (5), each row is one regression of the characteristic on treatment and spillover indicator variables, with the coefficient (standard error, clustered at the school level) on treatment and spillover reported. *** _p <_ 0.01, ** _p <_ 0.05, * _p <_ 0.1. Panel A variables were provided by the schools before the baseline survey took place. The study randomized treatment assignment repeatedly until no _t_ -test comparing treatment to control for any covariate was larger than 2.0. Variables in Panel B became available only after assignment to treatment. The last rows in panels A and B report the _p_ -value on an _F_ -test of joint significance for all variables in the panel from a regression where the dependent variable is a treatment dummy (Column 4) or spillover dummy (column 5). Column 4 excludes the spillover group from the analysis, while column 5 excludes the treatment group from the analysis.