38 percent of total cash expenditure. Expenditures on all food and non-food items for rural households were deflated by an adjustment factor equal to 0.8695.

The questionnaire asked whether the household had consumed or purchased LPG in the previous month, and if so, how much was consumed or purchased. The survey did not distinguish between quantities purchased and quantities acquired free of charge for any of the fuels. Households were asked whether they used firewood for cooking, but were not asked about other fuels. Although LPG was used by 60 percent of households, many households made combined use of LPG and firewood for cooking. Use of kerosene, in contrast, was limited: only 11 percent of all households purchased kerosene, including 2 percent of LPG-purchasing households.

Table A2.3 shows the number of purchasing households and mean quantities of LPG purchased. The percentage of user households increased with quintile level and was particularly high in urban areas and exceeded 80 percent in the top two quintiles. Although 20-, 35-, 40-, and 100-pound cylinders are also available, the predominant cylinder size for residential customers is 25 pounds, or 11.4 kg, and this may be reflected in the survey returns on the amount purchased or consumed each month. In every quintile group the average purchasing household acquired about 11 kg in the previous month, suggesting that this question was widely interpreted as how much had been purchased, rather than how much had been used. In such a case it is possible that lower-income households did not refill every month, leading to their non-recording as LPG purchasers.

Table A2.3: Number of households purchasing LPG and average quantity purchased per month by purchasing households in Guatemala

|**Quintile**|**Number of pu**<br>**Rural**|**rchasing househ**<br>**Urban**|**olds (percent)**<br>**Total**|**Kg purchase**<br>**Rural**|**d per household**<br>**Urban**|**(per capita)**<br>**Total**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**1**|4,262 (1.5)|9,504 (11)|13,766 (3.7)|11.2 (1.7)|11.0 (2.2)|11.1 (2.0)|
|**2**|23,966 (8.5)|57,841 (38)|81,807 (19)|10.0 (1.7)|11.2 (2.1)|10.8 (2.0)|
|**3**|57,387 (21)|168,716 (70)|226,103 (44)|11.1 (2.4)|11.4 (2.6)|11.3 (2.5)|
|**4**|100,584 (45)|320,473 (84)|421,057 (70)|11.2 (2.7)|11.4 (3.1)|11.4 (3.0)|
|**5**|103,736 (65)|496,231 (88)|599,967 (83)|10.7 (3.7)|13.2 (4.5)|12.8 (4.3)|
|**All**|289,935 (24)|1,052,765 (74)|1,342,700 (51)|10.9 (2.9)|12.2 (3.6)|11.9 (3.4)|

_Source:_ Authors’ calculations. _Notes_ : The number of purchasing households is followed by the percentage of households in the quintile that purchased LPG in parentheses. The percentages are based on the total number of households in each rural quintile, urban quintile, and national quintile. The average quantity purchased in kg per month by purchasing households in each quintile is followed by the quantity purchased per person in parentheses.

Table A2.4 shows the share of total expenditure allocated to LPG averaged across all households  that is, averaged across all users and non-users  as well as for user households only. The share for all households increased—except in the top quintile—and the share for user households decreased with quintile level. The coefficient of variation of the calculated prices of LPG was 0.11 (based on household weights), indicating that 95 percent of prices were within 80 percent to 120 percent of the national average price.