Table 4.15

|**Deterniinants ofEnrol**|**mentfor ch**|**ildrenagedbetw**|**een16and18**|**years.**||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|(Estimates shownforth|epooled sam|pleand separate|acaderracyears|)||||||
||Pooled<br>|sample|97<br>|-98||9S<br>|-99|99<br>|-00|
||dF/dx|s.e|dF/dx|s.e.||dF/dx|se|dF/dx|se|
|Age|<br>-00093|<br>(00012)|<br>-0.0076|<br>(0-0017)||<br>-0.3919|(0.0335)<br>e|-0.2129|(0.0383)<br>e|
|Agesquared|0.0000|(0.0000)|0.0000|(0.0000)||0.0000|(00001)|0.0001|(0.0000)|
|Female|0.0124|(0.0034)<br>ee|0.0086|(0.0039)|**0**|0.0247|(0.0467)|0.0531|(0.0426)|
|Femalehead|0.0049|(00064)|00082|_(0.0055)_||-01662|(0 0681)<br>4|0.0778|(01050)|
|Single head|-0.1044|(01014)||||0.3749|(0.1995)|||
|Separated|-00228|(00225)|-0.0332|(0.0430)||02486|(01804)|-00881|(01302)|
|Widowed|-0.0308|(00168)|-00507|(0.0401)|o|02707|(01198)<br>e|-0.0722|(01317)|
|Divorced|-0.0386|(00239)<br>e|-0.1866|(0.1201)|4e|0.2137|(01493)|-0.0859|(0.1579)|
|Illiterate|-0.0587|(00672)||||0.2534|(0.2273)|0.0326|(0.2829)|
|Pnrnary|0.0012|(0.0104)|-0.0123|(0.0221)||-0.3636|(0.1208)<br>¢|-0.1988|(01495)|
|Higher+|0.0153|(0.0049)<br>e|-0.0016|(0.0096)||-0.0441|(0.1061)|0.0377|(0.0952)|
|Farmers|-0.0052|(0.0076)|00014|(0.0071)||0.0059|(0.1057)|0.0261|(00863)|
|HiredAgriculture|-0.0035|(0.0078)|-00023|(0.0074)||0.0058|(0.0857)|0.0926|(0.0973)|
|Self-employed|-0.0026|(00165)|-00320|(0.0852)||-0.4195|(0.0919)<br>e|0.2408<br>|(0.1393)<br>|
|Pensioners|0.0081|(00079)|0.0139|(0.0045)||-0.3469|(00929)<br>e|-0.4876|(0.0600)<br>4|
|Others|-0.0813|(00528)|-01040|(0.0988)|°|-0.3963|(00870)<br>e|-0.4818|0.026338**00**|
|AgriculturalSociety|00064|(00063)|00047|(0.0066)||-0.2064|(0.0911)<br>**0**|-0.0244|(0.0797)|
|Socialbenefits?|-0 0087|(0.0068)|-0.0136|(0.0112)||-0.1573|(00805)|0.0468|(0.0715)|
|PrivateTransfers?|-00011|(0.0043)|0.0010|(0.0043)||-0.1277|(0.0590)<br>**0**|-0.0830|(0.0533)|
|log(PCE)|0.0056|(0.0031)|-0.0025|(0.0028)||0.2371|(0.0475)<br>e|0.0569|(0.0460)|
|log(householdsize)|0.0149|(0.0176)|-0.0124|(0.0144)||1.0638|(0.3102)<br>e|1.1780|(0.3251)|
|Numberofage<6|-0.0122|(0.0049)<br>ee|0.0083|(0.0059)||-0.2691|(00921)|-0.3139|(0.0927)<br>e|
|Numberofage6-14|0.0033|(0.0042)|0.0032|(0.0037)||-0.2666|(00729)<br>**0**|-0.3005|(0.0945)<br>eo|
|Numberofage 15-17|-0.0102|(00051)*****|-0.0040|(0.0043)||-0.2336|(0.0718)<br>**00**|-0.1674|(0.1052)|
|Numberofage18-25|-0.0037|(0.0044)|0.0053|(0.0028)||-0.1461|(0.0772)|-0.1242|(0.0911)|
|Numberofsenior|-0.0041|(0.0060)|0.0021|(0.0057)||-0.1538|(0.1012)|-0.1807|(0.0965)|
|Numberofearner|-0.0124|<br>(0.0036)<br>e|-0.0091|(0.0034)|**0**|-02037|(0.0348)<br>**0e**|-0 3861|(00483)<br>**00**|
|Plotsize|0.0000|(0.0000)|00000|(0.0000)||0.0000|(0.0000)<br>**0**|0.0000|(0.0000)|
|fraction inagriculture|0.0136|(00129)|-00451|(0.0293)||0.1592|(0.2706)|-0.1044|(0.1390)|
|Totalhousingarea<br>|0.0003<br>|(00001)<br>**ee**<br>|0.0000<br>|(0.0001)<br>||00020<br>|(0.0011)<br>|-0.0001<br>|(0.0009)<br>|
|Share used forliving|-00090|(0.0142)|-0.0098|(0.0138)||-0.3684|(0.2143)|-0.2617|(0.1952)|
|Owner|-0.0141|(00064)|-0.0079|(0.0049)||-0.3078|(0.0678)<br>e|02865|(0.1351)|
|Winter|00027|(0.0065)<br>|-0.0187<br>|(0.0108)<br>|**0**|0.0253<br>|(00721)<br>|-0.0366<br>|(0.0694)<br>|
|Spnng|00007|(0.0069)|-00128|(0.0085)||0.0978|(0.0803)|00112|(00825)|
|Fall|0.0083|(0.0058)|-0.0169|(0.0121)||0.0477|(0.0746).|-00030|(0.0754)|
|Othertowns|-0.0287|<br>(0.0258)|-0.0494|<br>(0.0447)||-0.0475|(0.1557)|-0.1851|(0.1843)|
|Rural areas|-0.0242|(00075)<br>**04**|-0.0113|(0.0055)||-0.2967|(0.1340)<br>**0**|-02037|(0.1939)|
|Distancetoschool|0.0035|(0.0039)|0.0001|(0.0026)||-0.0254|(0.0565)|0.1023|(0.0609)|
|Minutesto school|-0.0006|(00002)|-0.0003|(0.0002)||-0.0027|(0.0041)|-00051|(00039)|
|d9899*|-0.0023|(00058)||||||||
|d9900*|00065|<br>(00050)||||||||
|Sarmplesize|2575|||723|||669||643|
|<br>Waldchi2(50)|73125|||647.59|||12507||448.24|
|<br>Prob>chi2<br>|0<br>|||0<br>|<br>||0<br>||0<br>|
|Loglikelihood|-128345|||-174.62|||-28391||-307.01|
|<br>Pseudo R2|0.2809|||0.2974|||0 3876||0.3111|

Note: Other regressors included regional dumnumes (10). Standard errors shown are corrected for unknown heteroscedasticty and clustenng effects.

Evidence for individuals aged 16 to 18 shows that crisis effected a reduction in enrolment in 1998/99. Children from households with pensioners as heads were less likely to be enrolled during the crisis and even less after. Household demographics play a more important role in school enrolment decisions. The evidence of younger siblings having a negative effect on the enrolment of their elderly is found again, and that the number of 27