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consolidated Central Government wages and salaries are for 1993 and are taken from IMF Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, 1995. Data on wages in manufacturing (monthly basis) is taken from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1992.

# Finland

Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Data on Central Government, Non central government, Education and Health employment are taken from Public Management: OECD Country profiles, OECD 1992 and relate to 1991. Responsibility for education is shared between the central government and the municipalities, with the states contributing to the finance of approximately 70% of running costs. Higher education is financed by the central government. Vocational training is also funded by the central government. Health care is largely the responsibility of local government. Data on military employment are taken from the International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance Survey of 1995-96. Data include conscripts (23,900), but do not include personnel of paramilitary units, i.e., the Frontier Guard (3,500), under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior.

Data on wages in manufacturing (monthly basis) is taken from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1993.

# France

Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Data on Central Government, Non Central govemment, Education and Health employment are taken from Public Management: OECD Country profiles, OECD 1992 and relate to 1989. Responsibility for education is shared between the central government, the departments and the municipalities. However, the central government pays for the salaries of all teachers employed in public schools. Health care is largely the responsibility of the central government. Data on military employment are taken from the Intemational Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance Survey of 1995-96. Data include conscripts (189,200), but exclude personnel in paramilitary units, i.e., Federal Border Guard (24,500), under the authority of the Ministry of Interior, and the Coast Guard.

Germany Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Greece Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1993.

Data on Central Government, Non central government, Education and Health employment are taken from Public Management: OECD Country profiles, OECD 1992 and relate to 1990. Public education and health are solely the responsibility of the central government. Military employment data include conscripts (114,000), but exclude personnel in paramilitary units, i.e., Gendarmerie (26,500) and the Coast Guard and Customs (4,000). Data on wages in manufacturing is taken from the Intemational Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Ireland Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Data on Central Government, Non central government, Education and Health employment are taken from Public Management: OECD Country profiles, OECD 1992 and relate to 1991. Public education is the responsibility of the central government. University education is subsidized by the central government, but funds are channeled through the departrnent of education to an autonomous Higher Education authority. Vocational education is managed at the county level. Health services are under the responsibility of health boards which administer them on a regional basis and are responsible for the implementation of a large element of govemment health policy. Most of their expenditures are financed however by the central government.

# Italy

Paid employment in non-agricultural activities is drawn from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refers to 1994.

Data on Central Government, Non central government, Education and Health employment t are taken from Public Management: OECD Country profiles, OECD 1992 and relate to 1989. Public education at the primary and secondary level is the responsibility of the central government, which recruits, pays and assigns all teachers. Universities have autonomous status and are self-governing. The central administration still recruits and provides almost all funding for staff salaries. University education is subsidized by the central government, but funds are channeled through the Department of Education to an autonomous Higher Education authority. Vocational education is managed at the county level. Health services are financed by the National Health Fund which is made up of compulsory contributions by employers, employees and self-employed, plus an allocation from the national budget. Central government establishes health spending targets, but employees are paid directly by the National Health Service. Information on military employment include conscripts (174,700), but exclude personnel in paramilitary