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sources of employment data. Data should therefore be taken with a certain amount of caution. Military employment is taken form the International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance. 1995/96 and relates to 1996. GDP estimate and Wages and salaries as percent of GDP figures are taken from the IMF Report SM/951243 of September 20, 1994 and relate to 1993. They are confirmed by Stephen Lister's (EC4C2) draft discussion paper on Public Administration dated 24 September 95. Average wage estimate is also from IMF Report (monthly for 1993). Lister's draft paper indicates that monthly wage must be multiplied by 15 to obtain yearly wage.

# **Azerbaijan**

Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR and are for 1994.

Government employment, education and Health employment is taken from Statistical Handbook. 1995 States of the Former USSR and relate to 1994. Health employment is also from the same source and corresponds to category " Health care, social security, physical culture and sports" and relates to 1994. Education employment is also from the same source and relates to 1994.

GDP and wages and salaries estimates are from WB's Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR, and relate to 1993. Average wage is taken from IMF Report No. SM/94/128 of May 26, 1994 and relates to 1993.

# **Belarus**

Unemployment data are drawn from The Belarussan Labor Market drafted on June 11, 1993 (p. 14). Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1994.

Central and Local Govemment employment are staff estimates based on information present in the OECD's Local Governments in the CEE and CIS: an anthology of descriptive Dapers as well as that present in the IMF Report No. SMW95/194 of August 11, 1995, and relates to 1992. Data on employment in state-owned enterprises are taken from the Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR and refer to 1994. Data on military exclude 1,200 Ministry of Defense staff as well as personnel of paramilitary units, i.e., Border Guards (8,000). GDP and wages and salaries estimates are from WB's Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR, and relate to 1992. Average Government wage is also for the same year, from the same source. Data on wages in manufacturing (monthly basis) are from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refer to 1992.

Estonia Population, labor force and total employment estimates are from Vera Wilhelm (EC4BS) after consultation with the statistical office and relate to 1995. Unemployment rate is estimated on the basis of the above data and relates to 1995. Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1994.

Central Government, Non Central Government, Education and Health employment is data is from Vera Wilhelm (EC4BS) and relates to 1995. Non Central Government includes municipalities, lower municipalities. Data on employment in state-owned enterprises are taken from the Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the former USSR and refer to 1991.

Data on military employment includes conscripts (2,650), but excludes personnel in paramilitary units, e.g., Border Guards, who are under the authority of the Ministry of Interior.

GDP and wages and salaries estimates are from WB's Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR, and relate to 1993. Average Government wages are taken from IMF Report SM/94/81 of March 29, 1994 and relate to 1993. Data on wages in manufacturing (monthly basis) are taken from the International Labor Office's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and refer to 1993.

# **Georgia**

Unemployment rate reflects only official unemployment for 1994. Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from Statistical Handbook 1995: States of the Former USSR and are for 1993. Central Government, Non central, Education and Health employment are taken from Georoia: Issues in Government Pay and Employment Reform, based on the findings of a World Bank mission in June 1995 and relates to the situation as of April 01, 1995.

GDP per capita estimate and Average Government wage is taken from IMF study No. EBS/95/151 of September 25, 1995 and refers to 1994. Estimate of wages and salaries as percent of GDP is from the same IMF study and relates to 1994.

Kazakstan Unemployment rate reflects only official unemployment for 1994. Data on paid employment in non-agricultural activities are taken from the ILO's Yearbook of Labor Statistics 1995 and are for 1992.

Central Government, Non Central Government, Education, Health and Armed Forces employment figures are taken from Draft Report 1 5353-KZ Transition of the State. Data refer to 1994. On the matter of Military employment, total armed forces IIIS estimates at 40,000, not including paramilitary units, i.e., the Republican Guard (2,500 people), the Internal Security Troops (20,000), under the control of the Ministry of Interior, and the Border Guards (12,000), under the control of the National Security Committee. The World Bank has a different estimate based on the results of the mission. The authors have preferred to include data from the World Bank mission. However, for the sake of