<!-- Start of picture text --> WATER ELECTRICITY<br>Author (s)) Country Area et Type of tariff Magnitude of Magnitude of Magnitude a Type of tariff Magnitude of Magnitude of Magnitude a<br>study | P . _Errorsof Errors of wa em mm Expenditure of YP Errors of — Errors of ws mn ae Expenditure of<br>structure at time . 1. Regressivity bill Subsidy j structure at . 6. «Regressivity Bill Subsidy '<br>of study exclusion inclusion (%0) of income)ot: (%0 of income)ot: National,time of study exclusion —_ inclusion (%0 of income)ott (%0) of income)ats National<br>Budget Budget<br>Water&<br>Urban quasi Gini SVB ~ USS 8 nilion qusiins 8S ~USS 18<br>Foster & Provicial BY 44% coefficient Ql:; 48 (2002) annual Provicial 39% 93% coefficient Q2: 6.2 millionap (2002)<br>(2004) Argentina — metropolitan} 2002 means-tested OO Q2:2.9 I. cost of water means-tested Oo Q3: 4.2 It. annual cost of<br>areas subsidy (simulation) (simulation) Q3:24 t subsidy (simulation) (simulation) 04: 3.1 -<br>0.15 ¢ ;<br>Q4: 1.7 subsidies 0374 Q5: 2.0 water subsidies<br>Q5: 1.2<br>QI: 53 Qh:35 QI: 6.4 Ql: 2.6<br>Melendez Greographical Focalization — Q2: 4.0 Q2: 1.6 Greographical Focalization Q2:4.5 Q2:13<br>(2008) Colombia Bogota | 2007 | definedtariffs 5%* 75% Index:** Q3:3.5 Q3: 1.0 nt. defined tariffs 3%* 75% Index:** Q3:3.8 Q3: 0.9 nt.<br>with IBTs 1.48 4: 2.9 4:05 with IBTs 136 (4: 3.2 4: 0.6<br>Q5: 2.1 Q5: 0.3 Q5:24 Q5: 03<br>Flat Poor households: Poor<br> rate up to 15, ; ‘| "households: US$57 million<br>Foster and 25 or 40 m3 and VDT with 90% of1total 2] 10 (2000)<br>; ; 300 kWh subsidies<br>Araujo Gautemala National | 2000 | subsequent nt. nt, Nt. hd nt, nt, ; 60% 65% annual cost of<br>(2004) consumption by thresholdoe with captured Non-poor Non-poor the electricity.<br>volumetric social tariff by non-poor households: a<br> rate 16 households: social tariff.<br><!-- End of picture text -->

||||||||WATER|||||||ELECTRIC|ITY|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Author(s))|Country|Area|et|Type<br>oftariff||||Magnitudeof|Magnitudeof|Magnitudea|Type<br>of tariff||||Magnitudeof|Magnitudeof|Magnitudea|
||||<br>study ||<br> P<br>.<br>structureattime<br>ofstudy|_Errorsof <br>.<br>exclusion|Errorsof<br>1.<br>inclusion|wa<br>Regressivity|<br>em<br>bill<br>0)<br>ot:<br>(% ofincome)|<br>mm<br>Subsidy<br>0<br>ot:<br>(% ofincome)|<br>Expenditureof <br>j<br>National<br>Budget|<br> YP<br>structureat<br>,<br>timeofstudy|Errorsof <br>.<br>exclusion|— Errorsof<br>6.<br> —_inclusion|ws<br>«Regressivity|<br>mn<br>Bill<br>0<br>ott<br>(% ofincome)|<br>ae<br>Subsidy<br>0)<br>ats<br>(% ofincome)|<br>Expenditureof<br>'<br>National<br>Budget|
|Foster<br>(2004)|Argentina|Urban &<br>—metropolitan}<br>areas|2002|Provicial<br>means-tested<br>subsidy|BY<br>OO<br>(simulation)|44%<br> (simulation)|quasiGini<br>coefficient<br>0.15 ¢|Water&<br>SVB<br>Ql:48<br>;<br>Q2:2.9<br>Q3:24<br>;<br>Q4: 1.7<br>Q5: 1.2|I.|~USS 8nilion<br>(2002) annual<br>cost ofwater<br>t<br>subsidies|Provicial<br>means-tested <br>subsidy|39%<br> Oo<br>(simulation)|93%<br> (simulation)|qusiins<br>coefficient<br>0374|8S<br>Q2:6.2<br>Q3:4.2<br>04: 3.1<br>Q5: 2.0|It.|~USS 18<br>ap<br>million(2002)<br>annualcostof<br>-<br>watersubsidies|
|Melendez<br>(2008)|Colombia|Bogota|| 2007 ||Greographical<br> definedtariffs<br>withIBTs|5%*|75%|Focalization <br>Index:**<br>1.48|QI: 53<br> — Q2:4.0<br>Q3:3.5<br>4: 2.9<br>Q5: 2.1|Qh:35<br>Q2: 1.6<br>Q3: 1.0<br>4:05<br>Q5: 0.3|nt.|Greographical<br>definedtariffs<br>with IBTs|3%*|75%|Focalization<br>Index:**<br>136|QI: 6.4<br>Q2:4.5<br>Q3:3.8<br>(4: 3.2<br>Q5:24|Ql: 2.6<br>Q2:13<br>Q3:0.9<br>4: 0.6<br>Q5:03|nt.|
|Fosterand<br>;<br>Araujo<br>(2004)|Gautemala|;<br>National|| 2000 ||Flatrateupto 15,<br>25 or40m3 and<br><br>subsequent<br>consumptionby<br>volumetricrate|nt.|nt,|Nt.|hd|nt,|nt,|;<br>VDTwith<br>300kWh<br>;<br>thresholdwith<br>oe<br>socialtariff|60%|65%|‘|<br>90%oftotal<br>1<br>subsidies<br>captured<br>bynon-poor|Poorhouseholds:<br>"<br>2]<br>Non-poor<br>households:<br>16|Poor<br>households:<br>10<br>Non-poor<br>households:<br>15|US$57million<br>(2000)<br>annualcostof<br>.<br>theelectricity<br>a<br>socialtariff.|

+ In the case of Argentina, the national average shows a relatively progressive concentration coefficient of -0.15, although there is a wide variation of -0.80 to +0.28 in the different provinces.

(Quasi Gini coefficient: coefficient bounded within an interval from-1 to +1: positive values indicate regressivity, negative values indicate progressivity),

* Tn the case of Colombia, the error of exclusion takes into account households from the poorests quintiles | and 2 and households with no access to the public service.

** Tn the case of Colombia, the focalization index 1s calculated based on the two poorest quintiles. If this index is less than | is regressive and if it is more than | 1s progressive, if it is =1 then it is neutral.