financial services, and access to justice. The extension survey, which is the main data set in this study, revisited a representative subsample of 1,427 households from the original TLSLS2, though was not a panel survey as different questions were asked during the revisit.

Fieldwork was conducted between April and October 2008 by seven mobile field teams of three interviewers and one supervisor. Interviewer teams were not constructed based on specific criteria, though efforts were made for each team to contain at least one woman. Teams were then assigned to constructed geographic areas of the country called zones. (Zones, generally though not always, corresponded to groups of administrative districts.) Within teams, interviewers were randomly assigned to households.<sup>2</sup> Supervision missions were taken to monitor the quality of fieldwork. A subsequent review of data quality led to the exclusion of data from one field team, and the re-sampling and re-interview of this zone by the remaining six teams. Additionally, during the course of the survey, there were replacements made for three interviewers – for which interviewer-level information was not available. These observations are therefore excluded, leaving a total of 19 interviewers available for analysis.

The original TLSLS2 sample was a two-stage probability sample, with selection of PSUs proportional to size in the first stage and simple random sampling of households in the second stage. The extension sample was selected as a nationally representative simple random sample of PSUs. In selected PSUs, 12 of the 15 original households were randomly selected to be revisited, with the final three households being held as replacements. Overall, the survey had a seven percent replacement rate. The respondent for the justice module was randomly selected to be either the head of household or spouse of the household head to ensure an equal gender distribution of men and women in the sample. Sampling weights were calculated as the inverse probability of overall selection, with a post-estimation correction to the stratum population totals.

The access to justice module was specifically designed to capture indicators that are traditionally difficult to measure quantitatively. The questions used a similar structure to subjective questions found in the Afrobarometer and Latinobarometer surveys, which offer respondents two neutral statements and ask which is closer to the respondent’s opinion. The full text of the questions is available in the appendix but generally the first question relates to corruption (Corruption), the second to whether the main responsibility for law and order lies with the police or the community (Law & Order), the third to a woman’s role in traditional society

> 2 This was in accordance with the field directions to even distribute workload.  Since households in Timor-Leste can be quite distant and sometimes only accessible by foot, randomly assigning the interviewers within a PSU is necessary for an even workload.  The assumption was also tested, using t-tests, and taking into account the complex sample design when calculating the standard errors.  There are no statistically significant differences in the average age, gender, or years of education of the household head, or the average household consumption, between male and female interviewers, or between interviewers older or younger than the median interviewer age of 33.

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