holder of each plot is and follows up with additional questions, but does not define what it means to be the holder of the plot.<sup>33</sup> Each of the three surveys begins by asking one person about all of the plots and/or agricultural activities. In the Guatemala questionnaire, the respondent is asked to list up to three plots (farms or lots) that are owned by the household. For each of these owned plots, the respondent is asked a series of questions to determine the quality of the land, including the surface area and how much is under irrigation.

The respondent is asked about how the land was acquired and what property documents are held. But no questions are asked to determine who within the household owns the land. Thus, ownership and acquisition information is only available at the household level. We recommend adding an initial question regarding which household member(s) owns the plot and a question about whose name(s) is on the property document. A second series of questions asks about land that the respondent worked but that was leased or in some other forms of usufruct. An additional question here could ask which individual household member is the leaseholder.

Both the Guatemala and the Ghana questionnaire ask appropriate questions about valuing the plots. In the Guatemala questionnaire, the respondent is asked whether he or she gave any land to someone else to work and, if so, how much was paid in rent. These questions are followed by hypothetical questions, asking how much would be received if the plot was sold today and how much would be received if the plot was leased. The value question in the Ghana LSMS is the one that we recommend: the value if the farm were to be sold now. No questions about land value are asked in the Vietnam survey.

_Beyond the minimum questions_ . Additional questions about how land was acquired provide useful policy information and can be easily incorporated. Some questionnaires asked about how land was acquired, but adding an additional question about when it was acquired (both the date that it was acquired and whether it was acquired before or during the marriage) would be useful in understanding land acquisition patterns and the dynamics of asset accumulation. The information on whether it was obtained before or during marriage sheds light on how different marital regimes affect land ownership by women.

The Ghana survey asks some questions about the acquisition of land. It asks how the plot was obtained; the options include rented, sharecropped, used free of charge, and distributed by village/family. We would recommend making this question more specific by including whether the plot was inherited (and from whom), whether it was a gift/transfer, and whether it was purchased.

It is important for programmatic interventions to disentangle the bundle of rights associated with land, especially farmland, since ownership, secure tenure, the right to farm, decision making rights, and the rights over the output may vary across different tenure systems. But to the limited extent that these questions are asked, they are not asked in such a way to determine how these rights accrue to individuals, rather than to the 33