**Table 6.** Profile of the AROPE individuals (2022) by country

|||**Bulgaria**|||**Croatia**|||**Poland**|||**Romania**||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||**(i) Mean**<br>**AROPE**|**(ii) Mean**<br>**non-AROPE**|**(i) - (ii)**|**(i) Mean**<br>**AROPE**|**(ii) Mean**<br>**non-AROPE**|**(i) - (ii)**|**(i) Mean**<br>**AROPE**|**(ii) Mean**<br>**non-AROPE**|**(i) - (ii)**|**(i) Mean**<br>**AROPE**|**(ii) Mean**<br>**non-AROPE**|**(i) - (ii)**|
|**individual characteristics**|||||||||||||
|age|45.8|42.2|3.66***|50.4|41.9|8.49***|42.1|41.2|0.85***|41.3|42.1|-0.78**|
|male|0.44|0.50|-0.06***|0.43|0.50|-0.07***|0.46|0.49|-0.03***|0.47|0.50|-0.03***|
|**head of the household**|||||||||||||
|home ownership|0.81|0.87|-0.06***|0.89|0.92|-0.03***|0.81|0.88|-0.07***|0.91|0.97|-0.05***|
|primary education|0.50|0.10|0.40***|0.42|0.14|0.28***|0.17|0.06|0.10***|0.50|0.14|0.36***|
|secondary education|0.41|0.54|-0.13***|0.52|0.61|-0.09***|0.72|0.58|0.14***|0.48|0.63|-0.16***|
|tertiary education|0.09|0.36|-0.27***|0.06|0.25|-0.19***|0.11|0.36|-0.25***|0.02|0.23|-0.20***|
|employed|0.31|0.70|-0.39***|0.20|0.59|-0.38***|0.41|0.64|-0.23***|0.44|0.63|-0.20***|
|unemployed|0.17|0.03|0.14***|0.14|0.03|0.11***|0.09|0.02|0.07***|0.02|0.00|0.01***|
|retired|0.35|0.22|0.13***|0.59|0.37|0.22***|0.25|0.23|0.02***|0.33|0.31|0.03***|
|inactive|0.15|0.04|0.11***|0.07|0.02|0.05***|0.25|0.11|0.14***|0.20|0.05|0.15***|
|student|0.01|0.01|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.00***|0.01|0.00|0.01***|0.01|0.01|0.01***|
|**health**: unmet medical needs|0.08|0.03|0.05***|0.14|0.09|0.05***|0.13|0.11|0.02***|0.27|0.08|0.19***|
|**housing**: overcrowded house|0.12|0.03|0.09***|0.03|0.03|0.00|0.07|0.04|0.02***|0.11|0.03|0.08***|
|**household structure**|||||||||||||
|number of individuals <18|0.98|0.71|0.27***|0.79|0.83|-0.04*|0.97|0.92|0.06***|1.24|0.71|0.52***|
|number of individuals 18-64|1.83|2.13|-0.29***|1.52|2.35|-0.82***|2.26|2.41|-0.14***|2.18|2.10|0.08***|
|number of individuals >64|0.48|0.39|0.09***|0.69|0.47|0.22***|0.52|0.56|-0.03***|0.43|0.45|-0.03**|
|**vulnerable households**|||||||||||||
|female-headed hh|0.67|0.59|0.07***|0.39|0.33|0.06***|0.74|0.68|0.06***|0.50|0.43|0.08***|
|hh with unemployed|0.32|0.08|0.24***|0.34|0.15|0.19***|0.17|0.05|0.12***|0.06|0.01|0.05***|
|single-elderly hh|0.20|0.05|0.16***|0.18|0.03|0.15***|0.10|0.03|0.06***|0.10|0.05|0.05***|
|household with 3 or more children|0.13|0.03|0.10***|0.14|0.09|0.05***|0.13|0.09|0.04***|0.15|0.04|0.11***|
|hh with 5 or more members|0.23|0.14|0.09***|0.22|0.26|-0.03***|0.38|0.36|0.02***|0.32|0.18|0.14***|
|hh with disability recipient|0.47|0.51|-0.03***|0.44|0.48|-0.05***|0.55|0.53|0.03***|0.55|0.45|0.10***|
|hh with pensioner|0.43|0.38|0.05***|0.51|0.37|0.14***|0.46|0.46|0.00|0.35|0.37|-0.02***|
|<br>hh with social aid|0.25|0.05|0.20***|0.08|0.01|0.07***|0.05|0.01|0.04***|-|-|-|
|**location**|||||||||||||
|cities|0.32|0.49|-0.17***|0.23|0.34|-0.11***|0.22|0.36|-0.14***|0.17|0.38|-0.21***|
|towns and suburbs|0.26|0.25|0.01*|0.30|0.32|-0.02***|0.25|0.29|-0.04***|0.24|0.29|-0.04***|
|rural areas|0.42|0.26|0.16***|0.47|0.34|0.13***|0.52|0.35|0.17***|0.59|0.34|0.25***|

Note: Data is at the individual level and weighted accordingly using survey weights. Based on the AROPE status of 2022. Columns (i) – (ii) report t-tests on the equality of means. *p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01. Values reflect mean in observable characteristics, conditioning on being AROPE or non-AROPE. Source: Own estimates based on 2022 EU-SILC. We report the survey year and not the income year. AROPE definition based on EU2030 target.

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