textile products and electrical and optical equipment.<sup>29</sup> For the manufacturing sector overall, inputs from electricity, gas, and steam represent the highest share of total inputs used in almost all ECA countries, ranging from an average of 2.3% of total inputs used in the Czech Republic to an average of 11% of total inputs used in Romania.<sup>30</sup> Across ECA countries with the exception of Lithuania and Romania, inputs from electricity, gas, and steam represent a higher share of the total inputs used by textiles and textile products than of those used by electrical and optical equipment. The second most important services sub-sector in terms of input provision to the manufacturing sector overall is road transport, whose share in total inputs ranges from an average of 1.3% in Poland to an average of 6.3% in Lithuania. Incidentally, these figures show that the production process - in terms of the type of services inputs used - of any given manufacturing sub-sector differs substantially across countries.

**_Figure 15: Intensity of Usage of Inputs from Services Sub-sectors by Manufacturing_**

<!-- Start of picture text --> 12%<br>10%<br>8%<br>6%<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Poland<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 4%<br>2%<br>0%<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Estonia<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Slovenia<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Electricity/Gas/Steam<br>Textiles and Textile Products<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Water<br>8%<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Roads Telecom Finance<br>Electrical and Optical Equipment<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 8%<br>6%<br>4%<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 6%<br>4%<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 2%<br>0%<br>BulgariaCzech Rep.<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Estonia Hungary<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Lithuania Poland<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> RomaniaSlovak Rep.<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 2%<br>0%<br>Slovenia<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Czech Rep.<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Estonia Hungary<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Poland<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Slovak Rep.<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Electricity/Gas/Steam<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Water Roads<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Telecom<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Electricity/Gas/Steam<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Water Roads<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Input-output tables described in Appendix Table A.2.

29 For each country and services sub-sector, the intensity of the manufacturing sector overall is obtained as an average of the linkage coefficients _aik_ across all manufacturing sub-sectors. 30 Note that in the Czech Republic inputs from road transport represent a higher share of total inputs.

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