additional recommended content as is the case on platforms like Youtube. Additionally, the training episodes were embedded in Qualtrics, and an individualized Qualtrics link was sent to each participant as a WhatsApp text message. Hosting the videos on Qualtrics allowed tracking participants’ progress and interactions with the training, which I report on below.

# **4 Sample Description**

In this section, I provide a description of the sample, including an overview of participants’ demographic information, gender norms, digital access, and business characteristics. These are summarized in table 1.

**Demographics:** The average participant is a 41 year old married woman with children. Education is relatively balanced in the sample, with close to a quarter of women having less than a high school degree, half having a high school degree, and another quarter having a college or advance vocational degree. These levels are comparable to the national average for Jordanian women, noting that women in the sample are 10 percentage points more likely to have a high school degree as opposed to no degree<sup>17</sup> , compared to the national average.

**Mobility and Gender Norms:** Baseline data suggests limited mobility among study participants. For example, 41% of women said they would be unable to take weekly trips outside of their local neighborhood to attend a training or take business-related tasks; 44% reported that they would be unwilling to operate their business outside the house, even if rent were paid for; and the average woman reported leaving the house alone less than 7 times a month. These revealed mobility patterns are consistent with respondents’ reported views around women’s work. More than 70% of study participants agreed with a statement saying that if a mother works outside the home, her children suffer. This is slightly less agreement than the national average of 84% among Jordanian women, as measured in the World Value Survey (2018). Additionally, 44% of study participants reported believing that society judges a mother that works outside the home, and a third agreed that it would be better for women to stay at home to preserve their own value. Given that these interviews were conducted with women alone, these figures suggest that study participants themselves have views in favor of women staying at home and that they perceive society to hold even more conservative views.

**Digital Practices:** Consistent with high social media usage rates in Jordan, 85% of participants say that they use Facebook daily or weekly. The average participant estimates that 84% of her acquaintances use Facebook daily or weekly, suggesting common knowledge around the platform’s high usage rates. Despite widespread acceptance around being on the platform, only 58% of women said they use their full names on Facebook, and only 11% said they use their real pictures. When participants were asked whether they would be willing to reveal their identity on a business page to increase perceived trustworthiness online, only 64% agreed to reveal their names, and only 31% said they would be willing to appear on the page to advertise it through informational videos. These preferences from the sample are consistent with practices adopted by female users in public trading groups on Facebook, as outlined in section 2.2. Indeed, women in the sample also seem to value their privacy in virtual spaces and to conceal parts of their identities online to protect it.

> 17At the national level, 37% of Jordanian women have less than a high school degree (26% in the sample), 36% have a high school degree (47% in the sample), and 27% have more than a high school degree (27% in the sample) (Arab Barometer, 2018-19 survey).

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