# Table of Contents

|I.<br>Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1|
|---|
|II.<br>Policy and institutional background.................................................................................................. 3|
|III.<br>Drought response within Ethiopia ................................................................................................ 4|
|III.1<br>The Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) ......................................................................... 4|
|III.2<br>Seasonal needs assessments and HRD process ........................................................................ 5|
|III.3<br>Risk layering through the Continuum of Response .................................................................. 8|
|IV.<br>Early warning systems ................................................................................................................. 10|
|IV.1.<br>The LEAP early warning tool ............................................................................................... 10|
|IV.1.1<br>The LEAP tool methodology ............................................................................................ 10|
|IV.1.2<br>Planned extensions of the LEAP tool .............................................................................. 12|
|IV.2<br>The LIAS tool ........................................................................................................................... 13|
|IV.2.1<br>The LIAS tool methodology ............................................................................................. 13|
|IV.2.2<br>Collection and use of LIAS data ....................................................................................... 15|
|IV.3<br>Complementarities between the LEAP and LIAS tools ........................................................... 16|
|IV.4<br>Bottom-up Early Warning System ........................................................................................... 17|
|IV.5<br>Hotspots assessments ............................................................................................................. 17|
|IV.6<br>Integrated Food Security Phase Classification ........................................................................ 18|
|IV.7<br>Potential for use of early warning tools to inform early action .............................................. 19|
|V.<br>Timing of early warning and drought response .............................................................................. 20|
|V.1<br>Timeline of drought impacts and early warning information ................................................. 20|
|V.2<br>The welfare benefits of a timely drought response ................................................................ 23|
|VI.<br>Discussion and conclusion .......................................................................................................... 24|
|References .............................................................................................................................................. 27|
|Annex 1: Data Sources Used and Computation of Beneficiary Numbers ............................................... 30|
|Data sources ........................................................................................................................................ 30|
|Process to match data sources ........................................................................................................... 32|
|Annex 2: The use of sovereign disaster risk financing instruments in a risk layering approach ............ 33<br>Annex 3: Regional Breakdown of LEAP and LIAS Data ............................................................................ 35|