35

# **Table 9. Wage Premiums Regressions, Sri Lanka**

||1992|1993|1994|1995|1996|1997|1998|1999|2000|2001|2002|2008|2011|2012|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|
|Female dummy|-0.479***|-0.624***|-0.675***|-0.497***|-0.391***|-0.633***|-0.564***|-0.591***|-0.548***|-0.457***|-0.542***|-0.576***|-0.631***|-0.526***|
||(0.092)|(0.131)|(0.107)|(0.087)|(0.067)|(0.066)|(0.062)|(0.076)|(0.075)|(0.088)|(0.075)|(0.040)|(0.042)|(0.037)|
|Hours|0.012***|0.011***|0.010***|0.012***|0.012***|0.012***|0.013***|0.011***|0.014***|0.013***|0.013***|0.008***|0.010***|0.010***|
||(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.001)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Age|0.134***|0.194***|0.203***|0.138***|0.110***|0.170***|0.144***|0.154***|0.150***|0.118***|0.135***|0.113***|0.124***|0.103***|
||(0.025)|(0.038)|(0.029)|(0.024)|(0.020)|(0.019)|(0.018)|(0.021)|(0.021)|(0.023)|(0.020)|(0.009)|(0.010)|(0.008)|
|Age squared|-0.002***|-0.002***|-0.003***|-0.002***|-0.001***|-0.002***|-0.002***|-0.002***|-0.002***|-0.001***|-0.002***|-0.001***|-0.001***|-0.001***|
||(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|(0.000)|
|Education|0.044***|0.060***|0.054***|0.051***|0.038***|0.036***|0.036***|0.041***|0.043***|0.043***|0.037***|0.037***|0.047***|0.048***|
||(0.003)|(0.005)|(0.004)|(0.004)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.004)|(0.005)|(0.004)|(0.002)|(0.002)|(0.002)|
|T&G dummy|0.106***|0.047|0.086**|0.099**|-0.001|0.057**|0.067**|0.020|0.025|-0.021|0.017|0.014|0.070***|0.072***|
||(0.034)|(0.052)|(0.039)|(0.039)|(0.032)|(0.028)|(0.027)|(0.031)|(0.031)|(0.037)|(0.039)|(0.016)|(0.022)|(0.019)|
|Hazard ratio|0.459***|0.918***|0.970***|0.571***|0.433***|0.872***|0.697***|0.771***|0.742***|0.535***|0.587***|0.552***|0.639***|0.438***|
||(0.174)|(0.268)|(0.203)|(0.172)|(0.135)|(0.138)|(0.137)|(0.154)|(0.159)|(0.172)|(0.147)|(0.074)|(0.074)|(0.064)|
|Constant|5.070***|3.485***|3.786***|5.048***|6.126***|4.452***|5.101***|4.857***|4.963***|5.359***|5.055***|5.753***|5.705***|6.160***|
||(0.598)|(0.922)|(0.707)|(0.593)|(0.451)|(0.467)|(0.448)|(0.511)|(0.527)|(0.584)|(0.493)|(0.243)|(0.250)|(0.217)|
|Observations|16,849|7,029|6,748|6,826|7,200|11,472|12,177|11,991|12,358|9,215|12,378|14,820|11,428|12,664|

_Source:_ Authors’ calculations based on the Sri Lankan 1992–2002, 2008, 2011, and 2012 Labor Force Surveys.

_Note:_ Standard errors are in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered at the industry level. Statistically significant coefficients at the 10, 5, and 1 percent level are indicated by one, two, and three asterisks respectively.

The grand mean effects of the industries are calculated; additional controls include industry, and occupation dummies. Sri Lanka Household Income and Expenditure Survey was excluded from the analysis as hours worked were not available in this survey. Occupation dummies are according to 1-digit ISCO-08; the omitted category is managers. Industry dummies include 15 categories: Agriculture and Forestry; Mining; Food, Beverage, and Tobacco; Textile and Apparel; Wood; Other Manufacturing; Utilities; Construction; Sales; Transport; Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate; Public Administration; Social Services; and Other Services. Log wages are measured as the logarithm of real monthly individual labor income. Log wages are measured as the logarithm of real monthly individual labor income in 2005 prices.