# **Table S6** . **Bivariate Correlation between Statistical Indexes and Key Development Outcomes**

|SDG||GDB||ODB||ODIN||SCI||SPI|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|SDG 1: Extreme Poverty|-0.51***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.43***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.48***|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.36***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|-0.51***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN,|
|SDG 2: Undernourishment|-0.52***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.52***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.55***|GDB, ODB, SCI,|-0.57***|GDB, ODB, ODIN,<br>SPI|-0.62***|GDB, ODB SCI|
|SDG 3: Maternal Mortality|-0.45***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.43***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.47***|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.38***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|-0.51***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN|
|SDG 4: Learning Poverty|-0.65***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.63***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.7***|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.57***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|-0.73***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN|
|SDG 5: Women, Business, Law Index|0.55***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.56***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.52***|GDB, ODB, SCI,|0.41***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|0.6***|GDB, ODB|
|SDG 6: Safely Managed Water|0.58***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.56***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.53***|GDB, ODB, SCI,|0.44***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|0.66***|GDB, ODB|
|SDG 7: Access to Electricity|0.48***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.45***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.42***|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|0.35***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|0.47***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN|
|SDG 8: GDP per capita (2015 constant<br>$)|0.56***|SPI|0.66***||0.32***|SCI,|0.23***|ODIN|0.53***|GDB|
|SDG 9: Manufacturing value added (%<br>of GDP)|0.11**|ODIN|-0.02||0.23***|GDB SCI|0.34***|ODIN, SPI|0.34***|SCI|
|SDG 10: Gini Index|-0.3***|ODB, ODIN SPI|-0.28***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.36***|GDB, ODB SPI|-0.11**|, ODB|-0.32***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN,|
|SDG 11: Population in Slums|-0.46***|ODIN, SCI, SPI|-0.34***|ODIN, SCI,|-0.48***|GDB, ODB, SCI,|-0.54***|GDB, ODB, ODIN,<br>SPI|-0.59***|GDB , SCI|
|SDG 12: Fossil Fuel Subsidies (% of<br>GDP)|-0.23**|ODB, ODIN SPI|-0.23**|GDB, ODIN SPI|-0.13*|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|-0.03|ODIN,|-0.16**|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN,|
|SDG 13: Greenhouse Gas Emissions|0.19**|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.14**|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.05|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|0.16*|GDB, ODB, ODIN,|0.08**|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN,|
|SDG 14: Marine protected areas|0.47***|ODB|0.55***|GDB|0.17**|SCI|0.18*|ODIN|0.31***||
|SDG 15: Terrestrial Protected Areas|0.18*|ODB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.15**|GDB, ODIN, SCI,<br>SPI|0.21***|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|0.13**|GDB, ODB, ODIN,|0.22***|GDB, ODB,<br>ODIN,|
|SDG 16: Government Effectiveness|0.69***|ODB, ODIN SPI|0.71***|GDB, ODIN SPI|0.6***|GDB, ODB|0.46***||0.67***|GDB, ODB|
|SDG 17: Total Debt Service|0.07|ODB, ODIN, SCI,|0.03|GDB, ODIN|0.17*|GDB, ODB, SCI,<br>SPI|0.28***|GDB ODIN, SPI|0.25***|ODIN, SCI|
|SDR: SDG Index Overall Score|0.74***|ODB, ODIN, SCI,|0.69***|GDB, ODIN, SCI,|0.72***|GDB, ODB, SCI,|0.65***|GDB, ODB, ODIN|0.82***||

**Note** : The correlations are shown for the listed indices and the averaged value of the SDG over the past two years (to reduce volatility). The indices listed in the right column under each heading do not have a statistically distinguishable correlation coefficient with the index in the heading and the specific SDG in the row. For instance, for SDG1: Extreme Poverty (the first row), the GDB index does not have a statically significantly different correlation from those of the ODB, ODIN, and SPI. We use the <mark>R package “cocor” (Diedenhofen and Much, 2015) to test for the correlations with overlapping samples.</mark>

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