- _Green increased demand occupations_ are those that will be in demand due to the greening of the economy. Although the work context may be green or become greener, these occupations do not perform green tasks, and their work and work requirements are not expected to change. This group accounts for 64 occupations classified in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy.<sup>35</sup> For example, electrical power line installers in energy efficient and infrastructure upgrades. However, these jobs are not considered green jobs according to the proposed definition in this note. Some researchers refer to this category as indirect green jobs.

- _Green enhanced skills occupations_ are those that the greening of the economy will change their work and work requirements –tasks, skills, knowledge, credentials, etc. This group accounts for 62 occupations classified in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy. For example, architects who may be required to have LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification.

- _Green new and emerging occupations_ are those that were not in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy but that O*NET created an O*NET-SOC for them given that they are appearing due to the greening of the economy. Occupations created have distinct work and work requirements and needed to show evidence of being relevant—having at least 5,000 workers, showing evidence of projected growth, having existing accredited education or training programs offering tailored credentials for the occupation, showing evidence of at least one national association serving workers in the occupation, and showing evidence of trade or professional journals for workers in the occupation. In total, the program created 78 new O*NET-SOC occupations. For example, solar system technicians.

In addition, the O*NET GEP also classified tasks. O*NET developed new green task statements for both the green enhanced skills occupations and the green new and emerging occupations.<sup>36</sup> The green enhanced skills occupations have 870 tasks in the database, of which 113 were identified as green. In addition, 196 tasks were generated for these occupations. The green new and emerging occupations, on the other hand, had no task in the database since all of these were new occupations to the O*NET-SOC taxonomy. In total, 626 task statements were generated for this group.

Two major advantages stand out from the O*NET GEP green classification. First and above all, O*NET is a highly reputable agency whose data is trusted and used by academics all over the world, as well as government agencies, training institutions, and the private sector in the U.S. Second, the O*NET green data constitutes an addition to the existing occupational database that contains detailed descriptions of almost 1,000 occupations in the O*NET-SOC taxonomy, including the importance and level of their tasks, skills, abilities, knowledge, and other work requirements. The O*NET task approach, as well as the O*NET green occupation classification, have been prominently used by academics to estimate the consequences of the greening of the U.S. economy.<sup>37</sup> Despite its advantages, the green occupational database of O*NET has methodological limitations. First, O*NET GEP limited the analysis to occupations in 12 green sectors, excluding green jobs in the rest of the economy that contribute to the sustainability of the environment. Second, the methodology relies

> 35 The O*NET-SOC is based on the U.S. SOC, by assigning the 6-digit SOC code plus an additional level. 36 O*NET (2010).

> 37 Consoli et al. (2016); Bowen et al. (2018); Vona et al. (2018); Vona et al. (2019); Rutzer, Niggli, and Weder (2020).

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