**Table 4: Gender differences in levels of socio-emotional skills-Heterogeneity by education attainment**

|**_Panel A: Aggregate Skills_**|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||All|Intra|Inter||||
||(1)|(2)|(3)||||
|Woman|-0.121***<br>|-0.129***<br>|-0.016<br>||||
||(0.027)|(0.027)|(0.030)||||
|Education attainment|0.027***|0.026***|0.022***||||
||(0.002)|(0.002)|(0.003)||||
|Woman*Education attainment|-0.003|-0.002|-0.009***||||
||(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.003)||||
|Observations|41,873|41,834|33,658||||
|R-squared|0.019|0.019|0.009||||
|P-val Woman+Woman*Edu Attain|0.000|0.000|0.363||||
|P-val Edu Attain+Woman*Edu Attain|0.000|0.000|0.000||||
|Mean SE skills for Men|0.133|0.117|0.124||||
|Mean SE skills for Woman|0.000|0.000|0.000||||
|**_Panel B: Intrapersonal Skills_**|||||||
||Positive Self<br>Concept|Emotional<br>Regulation|Perseverance|Personal Initiative|PSDM|Self Control|
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|Woman|-0.022|-0.036|-0.128***|-0.125***|-0.126***|0.101***|
||(0.029)|(0.053)|(0.028)|(0.030)|(0.027)|(0.034)|
|Education attainment|0.024***|0.015***|0.016***|0.021***|0.023***|0.027***|
||(0.003)|(0.004)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.004)|
|Woman*Education attainment|-0.005|-0.009**|0.003|0.001|-0.004|-0.009**|
||(0.003)|(0.005)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.003)|(0.004)|
|Observations|25,551|22,573|39,885|22,052|31,959|14,835|
|R-squared|0.012|0.012|0.011|0.012|0.019|0.012|
|P-val Woman+Woman*Edu Attain|0.310|0.358|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.003|
|P-val Edu Attain+Woman*Edu Attain|0.000|0.085|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|
|Mean SE skills for Men|0.062|0.067|0.099|0.100|0.126|-0.009|
|Mean SE skills for Woman|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|
|**_Panel C: Interpersonal Skills_**|||||||
||Empathy|Expressiveness|Interpersonal<br>Relatedness|Teamwork|||
||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|||
|Woman|0.105|0.172***|0.021|-0.029|||
||(0.074)|(0.058)|(0.035)|(0.035)|||
|Education attainment|0.032***|0.025***|0.024***|0.020***|||
||(0.006)|(0.004)|(0.003)|(0.005)|||
|Woman*Education attainment|-0.016**|-0.023***|-0.009***|-0.010**|||
||(0.007)|(0.005)|(0.003)|(0.004)|||
|Observations|8,260|18,866|26,941|13,115|||
|R-squared|0.011|0.006|0.007|0.011|||
|P-val Woman+Woman*Edu Attain|0.187|0.005|0.696|0.208|||
|P-val Edu Attain+Woman*Edu Attain|0.000|0.435|0.000|0.019|||
|Mean SE skills for Men|0.078|0.107|0.088|0.139|||
|Mean SE skills for Woman|0.000|0.000|0.000|0.000|||

Note: OLS regression specifications include study fixed effects. All studies have equal weights. Woman is a dummy variable equal to 1 if the respondent is a woman, 0 otherwise. Educational attainment stands for the highest educational attainment (completed) where 0=No education, 1=completed grade 1, 2=completed grade 2, ... 12=completed highschool, 13=completed certificate or diploma and 14=completed university degree or above. Note that Nigeria and Facebook projects have only categorical variable for education and "completed primary is coded as 9" and "completed secondary" is coded as 12. Marital status and age bins are added as controls. Married is a dummy variable equal to 1 if the respondent is married/cohabitating, 0 otherwise. Age bins represent dummy variables equal to 1 if the respondent's age belongs to the age cohort which ranges from 15 to 65 with a 5 year gap, 0 otherwise. SE skills stands for Socio-emotional skills. PSDM stands for Problem Solving and Decision Making. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1, 5, and 10 percent critical level.

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