paragraph_text: Aleksandr Silayev (2 April 1928 – 31 December 2005) was a Russian sprint canoeist who competed for the Soviet Union in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He won a silver medal in the C-1 1000 m event at the 1960 Summer Olympics, as well as a world title in the C-2 10,000 m event in 1958. At the European championships he won two gold and one silver medals (in 1957 and 1959) in the C-2 1000 and 10,000 m events.

paragraph_text: Steven John Bradbury OAM (born 14 October 1973) is an Australian former short track speed skater and four - time Olympian. He is best known for winning the 1,000 m event at the 2002 Winter Olympics after all of his opponents were involved in a last corner pile - up. He was the first Australian to win a Winter Olympic gold medal and was also part of the short track relay team that won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze in 1994.

paragraph_text: Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( "Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer.

paragraph_text: Short track speed skating has been a contest at the Winter Olympics since the 1992 Winter Games in Albertville, France. Prior to that, it was a demonstration sport at the 1988 games. The results from the 1988 demonstration competition is not included in the official Olympic statistics. The sport has been dominated by teams from Asia and North America, namely South Korea (IOC code KOR), China (CHN), Canada (CAN) and the United States (USA). Those four countries have won 134 of 168 medals awarded since 1992. South Korea leads the medal tally (and gold medal tally), with 42 medals including 21 golds since 1992. The majority of medals that South Korea won at the Winter Olympics came from short - track speed skating. Similarly, most of the China's Winter Olympics medals are from the sport.

paragraph_text: Wang Chunlu (born 27 September 1978 in Changchun, China) is a Chinese short track speed skater. She won medals in the 500 m and 3000 m relay at the 2002 Winter Olympics. She had also already won a relay silver medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics, at the age of 19.

paragraph_text: Athletes from 26 NOCs won at least one medal, and athletes from 19 of these NOCs secured at least one gold. For the first time, Canada won a gold medal at an Olympic Games it hosted, having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In contrast to the lack of gold medals at these previous Olympics, the Canadian team finished first overall in gold medal wins, and became the first host nation -- since Norway in 1952 -- to lead the gold medal count, with 14 medals. In doing so, it also broke the record for the most gold medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics (the previous was 13, set by the Soviet Union in 1976 and matched by Norway in 2002). The United States placed first in total medals -- its second time doing so in a Winter Games -- and set a new record for most medals won by a NOC at a single Winter Olympics, with 37 (the previous record was 36, established by Germany in 2002). Athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations.

paragraph_text: The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.

paragraph_text: Walter Steinbauer (20 January 1945 in Dissen am Teutoburger Wald – 28 May 1991) was a West German bobsledder who competed from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.

paragraph_text: Following the United States - led boycott of the Moscow Olympics, the Soviet Union and some of its allies responded by boycotting the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, citing security concerns. The United States won its first medals in volleyball at the Los Angeles Games: a gold in the men's competition, and a silver in the women's. The People's Republic of China won the gold medal in the women's competition in Los Angeles, their first time participating in an Olympic volleyball competition. The United States successfully defended their men's gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and Peru won their only medal in volleyball, a silver in the women's competition. The Soviet Union won a silver medal in the men's competition and a gold in the women's at what would be their final Olympics. Following the 1990 -- 91 breakup of the Soviet Union, 12 of the 15 newly independent countries competed together as the Unified Team in Barcelona. In the women's competition, the Unified Team won the silver medal, and Cuba won their first of three consecutive gold medals. In the men's competition, Brazil won its first gold medal, and the Netherlands its first overall medal in the sport.

paragraph_text: Yvonne Rüegg (born 2 August 1938) is a Swiss former alpine skier. At the 1960 Winter Olympics, she won the gold medal in giant slalom.

paragraph_text: After winning an Olympic record 37 medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the United States had a somewhat disappointing performance during these games. Although the delegation ranked second in overall medals with 28, it ranked out of the top three in gold medals (with a total of nine) for the first time since Nagano in 1998 when it placed 6th in overall medals and 5th in gold medals. In long track speedskating, the U.S. matched its medal-less results from 1984 and 1956. In figure skating, the U.S. won no medals in the men's or women's singles events for the first time since 1936.

paragraph_text: Viktor Romanovich Pryazhnikov (, 23 December 1933 in Elektrostal, Soviet Union – 17 April 2008 in Moscow, Russia), was a Russian ice hockey player. During his career he played for Krylya Sovetov Moscow and the Soviet Hockey League where he scored 166 goals in 400 matches, and was called to the Soviet national team. On 9 January 1955 he played against Sweden, and in 1960 he won a bronze medal in the Winter Olympics. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1991.

paragraph_text: Václav Pantůček (24 November 1934 in Mikulov, Czechoslovakia – 21 July 1994 in Brno, Czech Republic) was a Czech ice hockey player who competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics and in the 1960 Winter Olympics.

paragraph_text: Stefan Gaisreiter (born 10 December 1947 in Murnau am Staffelsee) is a West German bobsledder who competed from the late 1960s to the late 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.

paragraph_text: Gennady Viktorovich Komnatov (; 18 September 1949 – 1 April 1979) was a Russian road cyclist. He was part of the Soviet team that won a gold medal in the 100 km team time trial at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He won three silver medals at the world championships in 1973–1975 in this event.

paragraph_text: Elena Viviani (born 10 October 1992) is an Italian short track speed skater who won a bronze Olympic medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics in 3000 metre relay.

paragraph_text: All Summer and Winter Olympic medals of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire were inherited by Russia, but not combined together with the medal count of the Russian Federation.

paragraph_text: The French delegation won a total of 15 medals (including 4 gold), its most ever at a Winter Olympic Games and ranked eighth in overall medals.

paragraph_text: A total of 131 athletes won medals at the 1960 Games. The Soviet Union was awarded the most medals, with its athletes winning seven gold medals, five silver, and nine bronze, for a total of 21 medals overall. The United States placed second in medal count, with a total of 10 medals, and Germany placed third, with eight medals overall. Of the 30 NOCs competing in the 1960 Games, 14 won at least one medal, with 10 of these winning at least one gold medal. There was a bronze medal awarded to Theron Bailie, USA, for the development of the digital clock used for the first time in downhill skiing.

paragraph_text: Italy was the host nation for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. It was the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Games (after the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo) and the third time overall (after the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome). Italy's flag bearer for the opening ceremony was figure skater Carolina Kostner. Kostner's cousin, Isolde Kostner, was Italy's flag bearer at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Question: Who is the spouse of the president of the Russian Republic when the country that won the most medals in the 1960 winter Olympics disintegrated?
Answer: Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva