paragraph_text: "Square Biz" is a song by American R&B singer, Teena Marie. The song was released as a single in 1981 from the album "It Must Be Magic". It would go on to become one of Marie's signature songs.

paragraph_text: Jonathan R. Cole (born August 27, 1942), is an American sociologist, John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University at Columbia University. He is best known for his scholarly work developing the sociology of science and his work on science policy. From 1989 to 2003 he was Columbia’s chief academic officer – its Provost and Dean of Faculties.

paragraph_text: The University was founded as South Carolina College on December 19, 1801 by an act of the General Assembly after Governor John Drayton pushed for its foundation on November 23, 1801. The establishment of a publicly funded college at the capital was intended to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Backcountry. On January 10, 1805, having an initial enrollment of nine students, the college commenced classes with a traditional classical curriculum. Jonathan Maxcy was its first president and served until his death in 1820.

paragraph_text: Macey was educated at the University of Canterbury, where he received an MA in French, the Ecole Nationale d’Administration, where he received a Maitrise de Lettres Tours, and the University of Otago, where he received a PhD in French for his thesis on the 18th century philosopher Denis Diderot.

paragraph_text: Peter R. Samson (born 1941 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts) is an American computer scientist, best known for creating pioneering computer software.

paragraph_text: "Seein' Is Believing" is a song by American recording neo soul artist Adriana Evans, released in 1997 as the lead single to support her debut studio album, "Adriana Evans". It reached number fifty-five on Billboards Hot R&B Singles chart. The track was co-written by Evans and Jonathan 'Dred' Scott.

paragraph_text: Jonathan R. Macey is the Sam Harris Professor of Corporate Law, Corporate Finance and Securities Law at Yale Law School.

paragraph_text: A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987–996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911–918) as king.

paragraph_text: Jonathan Palmer (born December 3, 1983) is a former American football offensive lineman. He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Auburn.

paragraph_text: L'apache is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Joe De Grasse and written by Adele Buffington, John Lynch, and R. Cecil Smith. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Robert Elliott, Macey Harlam, Austin Webber, George Furry, Frank Cluxon, and Alice Gale. The film was released on November 2, 1919, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

paragraph_text: The Oxford College of Pharmacy is a private college run under The Oxford Educational Institutions, which is the academic arms of the Children's Education Society in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The Oxford College of Pharmacy was established in 1992. Over a period of years, the college has produced Pharmacists who are serving the profession by working in fields of Pharmacy like marketing, R&D, production, and academics.

paragraph_text: Commercial refrigerator and freezer units, which go by many other names, were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models. They used gas systems such as ammonia (R - 717) or sulfur dioxide (R - 764), which occasionally leaked, making them unsafe for home use. Practical household refrigerators were introduced in 1915 and gained wider acceptance in the United States in the 1930s as prices fell and non-toxic, non-flammable synthetic refrigerants such as Freon - 12 (R - 12) were introduced. However, R - 12 damaged the ozone layer, causing governments to issue a ban on its use in new refrigerators and air - conditioning systems in 1994. The less harmful replacement for R - 12, R - 134a (tetrafluoroethane), has been in common use since 1990, but R - 12 is still found in many old systems today.

paragraph_text: SOLO: The Series is an American sci-fi, comedy web series created by and starring Jonathan Nail. The first episode aired on July 6, 2010 on YouTube.

paragraph_text: Rob the Mob is a 2014 American romantic crime film directed by Raymond De Felitta and written by Jonathan Fernandez. The film stars Michael Pitt, Nina Arianda, Andy García, Ray Romano, Aida Turturro, Frank Whaley, Michael Rispoli and Joseph R. Gannascoli, and is based on a true story. It was released on March 21, 2014.

paragraph_text: ``Are U Still Down ''Promotional single by Jon B. featuring 2Pac from the album Cool Relax Released January 13, 1998 (1998 - 01 - 13) Format 12'' CD cassette Recorded 1996 (1996) Genre Hip hop R&B Length 4: 27 Label Yab Yum 550 Music Songwriter (s) Jonathan Buck Tupac Shakur Johnny Jackson Producer (s) Tupac Shakur Johnny Jackson Cool Relax track listing 15 tracks`` Shine ''``Bad Girl''`` Do n't Say ''``They Do n't Know''`` Ca n't Help It ''``Cool Relax''`` Are U Still Down ''``Pride & Joy''`` I Do (Whatcha Say Boo) ''``Let Me Know''`` I Ai n't Going Out ''``Let's Go'' (Interlude)`` Can We Get Down ''``Love Hurts''`` Tu Amor ''Music video ``Are U Still Down'' on YouTube

paragraph_text: Jonathan Stanton (1834–1918) was an ornithologist and longtime professor of Greek and Latin at Bates College, librarian, and supporter of the debate program.

paragraph_text: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.

paragraph_text: Jonathan Cowan (also known as Jon Cowan) was born in Cleveland, Ohio on May 9, 1965. Cowan was raised in Los Angeles for the majority of his childhood. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1987 with a degree in English.

paragraph_text: Jonathan DeFelice , O.S.B. is the former President of Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire. Serving the college for 24 years, Father DeFelice was the longest serving college president in the state of New Hampshire. Growing up in Bristol, Rhode Island, he graduated from Portsmouth Abbey School in 1965, and then attended Saint Anselm College, earning a bachelor's degree in Philosophy in 1969. He entered Saint Anselm Abbey as a junior in 1968, becoming a Benedictine monk in 1973. Defelice was a "Faithful Educator" according to Christy Nadalin in her book, "Legendary Locals of Bristol".

paragraph_text: "Never Let Me Go" is a blues ballad song by American R&B/blues singer Johnny Ace, written by Joseph Scott and released in 1954 under Duke Records. The song is featured on the albums "My Songs" and "Memorial". "Never Let Me Go" was one of his eighth consecutive top ten R&B hits in a row, including "My Song", "Cross My Heart," "Please Forgive Me," "The Clock," "Pledging My Love," "Saving My Love for You," and "Anymore". The song was R&B hit and peaked to No. 9 in October 1954 on "Billboards" Rhythm & Blues Records chart.

Question: When was Jonathan R. Macey's law school created?
Answer: 1843