paragraph_text: The Interregional Primary Plan is a proposed reform to the United States primary calendar supported by Representative Sandy Levin and Senator Bill Nelson, both Democrats. The plan would break the country into six regions. From those regions, one subregion - either a single state or a group of smaller states - would vote on each primary date (e.g., all A states,) with the entire country having held its primaries after the sixth set of primaries votes. Each state would vote first once every twenty-four years, with the first set of primaries determined by lottery and cycled thereafter.

paragraph_text: Kenya began a campaign for free primary education after independence in 1963. Since then, the system of education has undergone transformation twice. Before independence elementary education was based on the colonial system of education.

paragraph_text: In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.

paragraph_text: In the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the use of the term is generally restricted to primary and secondary educational levels; it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America covers the whole gamut of educational activity, ranging from pre-school to tertiary level institutions. Annual tuition fees at K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000 at several New England preparatory schools.

paragraph_text: Primary elections took place on June 13, 2017. Virginia utilizes an open primary, in which registered voters are allowed to vote in either party's primary election. The Democratic Party nominated Ralph Northam and the Republican Party nominated Ed Gillespie. The Libertarian Party nominated Cliff Hyra by convention on May 6, 2017.

paragraph_text: No presidential candidate received the 55% of the vote required to win in the first round, meaning a second round of voting was held on 31 March between the top two candidates, opposition leader Julius Maada Bio of the Sierra Leone People's Party and Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress; the two were separated by under 15,000 votes in the first round. Bio was subsequently elected with 51.8% of the vote.

paragraph_text: United States House of Representatives 115th United States Congress Seal of the House Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives Type Type Lower house of the United States Congress Term limits None History New session started January 3, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 03) Leadership Speaker Paul Ryan (R) Since October 29, 2015 Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D) Since January 3, 2011 Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D) Since January 3, 2011 Structure Seats 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control Political groups Majority (237) Republican (237) Minority (193) Democratic (193) Vacant (5) Vacant (5) Length of term Two years Elections Voting system First - past - the - post in most states; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states Last election November 8, 2016 Next election November 6, 2018 Redistricting State legislatures or redistricting commissions, varies by state Meeting place House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C., United States Website www.house.gov

paragraph_text: The education system in Mauritius consists of pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. The education structure consists of two to three years of pre-primary school, six years of primary schooling leading to the Primary School Achievement Certificate, five years of secondary education leading to the School Certificate, and two years of higher secondary ending with the Higher School Certificate. Secondary schools have "college" as part of their title.  The government of Mauritius provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary level. In 2013 government expenditure on education was estimated at about Rs 13,584 million, representing 13% of total expenditure. As of January 2017, the government has introduced changes to the education system with the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education programme, which abolished the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE).The O-Level and A-Level examinations are carried out by the University of Cambridge through University of Cambridge International Examinations. The tertiary education sector includes universities and other technical institutions in Mauritius. The country's two main public universities are the University of Mauritius and the University of Technology.

paragraph_text: Based on a number of inequities, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was founded in 1967. It had five primary demands, and added the demand that each citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for local elections (national elections followed the same eligibility rules as the rest of the UK). The slogan ``one man, one vote ''became a rallying cry for this campaign. The Parliament of Northern Ireland voted to update the voting rules, which were implemented for the Northern Ireland general election, 1969.

paragraph_text: Following the 2007 Federal Election, Dr Brendan Nelson was elected leader by the Parliamentary Liberal Party. On 16 September 2008, in a second contest following a spill motion, Nelson lost the leadership to Malcolm Turnbull. On 1 December 2009, a subsequent leadership election saw Turnbull lose the leadership to Tony Abbott by 42 votes to 41 on the second ballot. Abbott led the party to the 2010 federal election, which saw an increase in the Liberal Party vote and resulted in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.

paragraph_text: Ontario general election, 2018 ← 2014 June 7, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 07) 43rd → ← outgoing members elected members → 124 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 63 seats needed for a majority Opinion polls Turnout 58.4% (7.1 pp) First party Second party Leader Doug Ford Andrea Horwath Party Progressive Conservative New Democratic Leader since March 10, 2018 March 7, 2009 Leader's seat Etobicoke North Hamilton Centre Last election 28 seats, 31.25% 21 seats, 23.75% Seats before 27 18 Seats won 76 40 Seat change 49 22 Popular vote 2,324,742 1,925,512 Percentage 40.50% 33.56% Swing 9.25 pp 9.81 pp Third party Fourth party Leader Kathleen Wynne Mike Schreiner Party Liberal Green Leader since January 26, 2013 May 16, 2009 Leader's seat Don Valley West Guelph Last election 58 seats, 38.65% 0 seats, 4.84% Seats before 55 0 Seats won 7 Seat change 48 Popular vote 1,124,381 264,094 Percentage 19.59% 4.60% Swing 19.06 pp 0.24 pp Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Riding names are listed at the bottom. Premier before election Kathleen Wynne Liberal Premier - designate Doug Ford Progressive Conservative

paragraph_text: Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).

paragraph_text: On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month. Additionally those who had failed to do their "political duty" of voting Estonia into the USSR, specifically those who had failed to have their passports stamped for voting, were condemned to death by Soviet tribunals. The repressions followed with the mass deportations carried out by the Soviets in Estonia on 14 June 1941. Many of the country's political and intellectual leaders were killed or deported to remote areas of the USSR by the Soviet authorities in 1940–1941. Repressive actions were also taken against thousands of ordinary people.

paragraph_text: United States House of Representatives 115th United States Congress Seal of the House Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives Type Type Lower house of the United States Congress Term limits None History New session started January 3, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 03) Leadership Speaker Paul Ryan (R) Since October 29, 2015 Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D) Since January 3, 2011 Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D) Since January 3, 2011 Structure Seats 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control Political groups Majority (240) Republican (240) Minority (194) Democratic (194) Vacant (1) Vacant (1) Length of term Two years Elections Voting system First - past - the - post in most states; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states Last election November 8, 2016 Next election November 6, 2018 Redistricting State legislatures or redistricting commissions, varies by state Meeting place House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C., United States Website www.house.gov

paragraph_text: Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet. Voters have a chance to invalidate their electronic vote in traditional elections, if they wish to. In 2009 in its eighth Worldwide Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked Estonia sixth out of 175 countries. In the first ever State of World Liberty Index report, Estonia was ranked first out of 159 countries.

paragraph_text: Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.

paragraph_text: The first "free election" (Polish: "wolna elekcja") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates.

paragraph_text: Krivine was one of the leaders of the May 1968 revolt in Paris, and was the last of the generation radicalised in the 1960s to serve on the political bureau of the LCR. He was the candidate of the LCR at the French presidential election on 1969, getting 1.05% of the votes.

paragraph_text: Peter N. Wasylyk (born 1957) is an American attorney who is also a Democratic party member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 6th District since 1984. During the 2009-2010 sessions, he served on the House Committee on Health, Education and Welfare, and served as Deputy Majority Leader. Wasylyk was defeated in the 14 September 2010 Democratic Primary to Raymond A. Hull, who went on to win the general election on 2 November 2010.

paragraph_text: United States House of Representatives 115th United States Congress Seal of the House Flag of the U.S. House of Representatives Type Type Lower house of the United States Congress Term limits None History New session started January 3, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 03) Leadership Speaker Paul Ryan (R) Since October 29, 2015 Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D) Since January 3, 2011 Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R) Since August 1, 2014 Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D) Since January 3, 2011 Structure Seats 435 voting members 6 non-voting members 218 needed for control Political groups Majority (239) Republican (239) Minority (194) Democratic (194) Vacant (2) Length of term Two years Elections Voting system First - past - the - post in most states; nonpartisan blanket primary with a majoritarian second round in 3 states Last election November 8, 2016 Next election November 6, 2018 Redistricting State legislatures or redistricting commissions, varies by state Meeting place House of Representatives chamber United States Capitol Washington, D.C., United States Website www.house.gov

Question: when did free primary education start in the country that elects its leaders by voting?
Answer: 1963