paragraph_text: Wanjiang Subdistrict () is a subdistrict of the city of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China. It is also the home of the world's largest shopping mall, New South China Mall.

paragraph_text: Springwater is an unincorporated rural community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, about three miles south of Estacada on Oregon Route 211. So-named since pioneer days, it was one of the first places on the upper Clackamas River to have a post office. Springwater post office ran from 1874–1914, with George A. Crawford as the first postmaster. The historic wooden Springwater Presbyterian Church was built c. 1890. The Springwater Grange has celebrated a Springwater Fair every year since 1923.

paragraph_text: The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's. During the course of the American occupation of the Philippines, many department stores were built throughout the city, many of which were located in Escolta. Heacock's, a luxury department store, was considered as the best department store in the Orient. Other department stores included Aguinaldo's, La Puerta del Sol, Estrella del Norte, and the Crystal Arcade, all of which were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the war, department stores were once again alive with the establishment of Shoemart (now SM), and Rustan's. Since the foundation of these companies in the 1950s, there are now more than one hundred department stores to date. At present, due to the huge success of shopping malls, department stores in the Philippines usually are anchor tenants within malls. SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls are two of the country's most prominent mall chains, all of which has Department Store sections.

paragraph_text: SM City Consolacion, also locally known as SM Lacion, is a shopping mall owned and operated by SM Prime Holdings, the largest mall operator in the Philippines. It is the second SM Supermall in the province of Cebu and fourth SM Supermall in the Visayas Region after SM City Cebu, SM City Iloilo and SM City Bacolod. The mall opened on 1 June 2012.

paragraph_text: Spencer Plaza was built in 1863 -- 1864, established by Charles Durant and J.W. Spencer in Anna Salai, then known as Mount Road, in the Madras Presidency. The property originally belonged to Spencer & Co Ltd. Spencer & Co opened the first Departmental store in the Indian subcontinent in 1895 and the store had over 80 individual departments. After a few years, Eugene Oakshott, owner of Spencer's, shifted the department store to a new building, which was an example of Indo - Saracenic style of architecture. The building was designed by W.N. Pogson. In 1983, the original building was destroyed in a fire. The present Spencer Plaza was constructed on the same site measuring about 10 acres and was opened in 1991. Spread across a million square feet built in three phases with parking space for 800 cars, the plaza is one of the major hangout for the people of Chennai. The mall was developed by Mangal Tirth Estate Limited in January 1993.

paragraph_text: Cuba is a city in Crawford County, Missouri, United States. The population was 3,356 at the 2010 census. Cuba is the largest city situated entirely in Crawford County.

paragraph_text: The ZCMI Center Mall was a shopping center near Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States that was owned by Zions Securities Corporation (now Utah Property Management Associates), which opened in 1975 and closed in 2007. At the time of its opening, it was the largest downtown mall in the country. ZCMI stands for Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, which refers to a department store owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Church) that had locations in Utah and Idaho until it was sold to The May Department Stores Company. The ZCMI Center Mall, along with the affiliated Crossroads Plaza Mall, once constituted the largest shopping area in Salt Lake City.

paragraph_text: Miskolc Plaza is one of the two largest shopping malls of Miskolc, Hungary. It stands in the city centre, though, unlike its main rival, the Szinvapark mall, not on "Széchenyi Street" (the most important street in the city centre). Until Szinvapark was built, Miskolc Plaza was the only large shopping mall in Miskolc, and its cinema was the only multiplex cinema in the city.

paragraph_text: Ali Mall is the first major shopping mall in the Philippines. It is located at Araneta Center, Cubao, Quezon City beside SM Cubao. The mall was named in honor of boxer Muhammad Ali, and was built in 1976, making it one of the oldest malls in the country. Recently, they relaunched the new Cinemas and Food Court.

paragraph_text: Flora Steiger-Crawford (1 September 1899, Bombay – 31 July 1991, Zurich) was a Swiss architect and sculptor. In 1923, she became the first woman to graduate in architecture from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich where she studied under Karl Coelestin Moser. After working with Pfleghard & Haefeli in Zurich, she married Rudolf Steiger in 1924 and established her own firm with him in Riehen, moving to Zurich the following year. Their first project, the Sandreuter House in Riehen (1924), is considered to be the first Modernist house in Switzerland. Steiger-Crawford went on to design individual houses while developing modern furniture, including a stackable metal chair for the Zett House in Zurich (1932). In 1930, she turned to sculpture, terminating her architectural activities in 1938. From 1938, she was a member of the Swiss Association of Female Artists and Sculptors.

paragraph_text: Columbus Square Mall was an American indoor shopping mall in Columbus, Georgia. It was one of the first indoor shopping malls to open in the state of Georgia.

paragraph_text: Biserica Neagră or Black Church (; ; is a church in Brașov, a city in south-eastern Transylvania, Romania. It was built by the German community of the city and stands as the main Gothic style monument in the country, as well as being the largest and one of the most important Lutheran (Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Romania) places of worship in the region.

paragraph_text: Mall Varna is a shopping mall in Varna, Bulgaria, which was opened on June 12, 2008. It is located on the intersection of the Boulevards Vladislav Varnenchik & Hristo Smirnenski and it was built at a cost of € 120 million. Mall Varna's construction took two years.

paragraph_text: Mall del Norte is a super regional shopping mall in Laredo, Texas. The mall opened in 1977 and has since been renovated in 1991, 1993 (expansion), 2007, and 2012. It is located along Interstate 35 in the city's rapidly growing retail hub of town. Mall del Norte is with over 160 stores, making it the 2nd largest mall in South Texas, and one of the largest malls in Texas overall. La Plaza Mall in McAllen, Texas is larger by 3,000 sq. feet.

paragraph_text: Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.

paragraph_text: Selma Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in Selma, Alabama. The mall's anchor stores are Belk, and Citi Trends. The mall opened in 1971 with Sears, Britt's (a division of J.J. Newberry) and S.H. Kress as its major stores. By the 1990s, Kress had become McCrory Stores, and Beall-Ladymon had joined as a central anchor.

paragraph_text: North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices. SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet. Other major malls in Charlotte include Northlake Mall and Carolina Place Mall in nearby suburb Pineville. Other major malls throughout the state include Hanes Mall in Winston-Salem; Crabtree Valley Mall, North Hills Mall, and Triangle Town Center in Raleigh; Friendly Center and Four Seasons Town Centre in Greensboro; Oak Hollow Mall in High Point; Concord Mills in Concord; Valley Hills Mall in Hickory; and The Streets at Southpoint and Northgate Mall in Durham and Independence Mall in Wilmington, NC, and Tanger Outlets in Charlotte, Nags Head, Blowing Rock, and Mebane, NC.

paragraph_text: Parkway Place is an upscale shopping mall in Huntsville, Alabama that opened on October 16, 2002. Parkway Place is located at the site of the older Parkway City Mall, which was torn down to allow for the construction of the newer facility. The mall is located at the intersection of Memorial Parkway (U.S. 231) and Drake Avenue. With a total of and 70 in-line stores, Parkway Place is anchored by Dillard's and Belk. The mall is now the only indoor shopping mall in Huntsville after Madison Square Mall closed in early 2017.

paragraph_text: Phoenix Market City (Chennai) is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It was opened in January 2013 and is the largest mall in the city.

paragraph_text: Mumbai Bombay Megacity Mumbai Top to bottom: Cuffe Parade skyline, the Gateway of India (L), Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (R), Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Bandra -- Worli Sea Link. Nickname (s): Bambai, Mumbai city, City of Seven Islands, City of Dreams, Gateway to India, Hollywood of India Mumbai Location of Mumbai in Maharashtra, India Mumbai Mumbai (India) Show map of Maharashtra Show map of India Show all Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E ﻿ / ﻿ 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E ﻿ / 18.97500; 72.82583 Coordinates: 18 ° 58 ′ 30 ''N 72 ° 49 ′ 33'' E ﻿ / ﻿ 18.97500 ° N 72.82583 ° E ﻿ / 18.97500; 72.82583 Country India State Maharashtra District Mumbai City Mumbai Suburban First settled 1507 Named for Mumbadevi Government Type Mayor -- Council Body MCGM Mayor Vishwanath Mahadeshwar (Shiv Sena) Municipal commissioner Ajoy Mehta Area Megacity 603 km (233 sq mi) Metro 4,355 km (1,681.5 sq mi) Elevation 14 m (46 ft) Population (2011) Megacity 12,442,373 Rank 1st Density 21,000 / km (53,000 / sq mi) Metro 18,414,288 20,748,395 (Extended UA) Metro Rank 1st Demonym (s) Mumbaikar Time zone IST (UTC + 5: 30) PIN code (s) 400 001 to 400 107 Area code (s) + 91 - 22 Vehicle registration MH - 01 (South), MH - 02 (West), MH - 03 (Central), MH - 47 (North) GDP / PPP $368 billion (Metro area, 2015) Official language Marathi Website www.mcgm.gov.in

Question: When was the first mall built in the country where Flora Steiger-Crawford was born?
Answer: 1863 -- 1864