paragraph_text: Najand Institute of Higher Education is a public university located in Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Najand offers bachelor's degree and associate degrees in engineering and basic sciences. In 2010 Najand started operations with approximately 200 students; in 2012 enrolment had reached 600 students.

paragraph_text: The "Smash Lab" team is composed of Deanne Bell (scientist), Chuck Messer (engineer), Nick Blair (designer, season 1 only), Kevin Cook (creative expert, season 1 only), Reverend Gadget (fabricator, season 2 only), and Nathaniel Taylor (artisan, season 2 only). Blair has a degree in industrial design, and both Bell and Cook have degrees in mechanical engineering. Messer has an undergraduate degree in industrial engineering as well as a graduate degree in industrial design.

paragraph_text: There have been three main publishers of the comic book series bearing the name Transformers based on the toy lines of the same name. The first series was produced by Marvel Comics from 1984 to 1991, which ran for 80 issues and produced four spin - off miniseries. This was followed by a second volume titled Transformers: Generation 2, which ran for 12 issues starting in 1993. The second major series was produced by Dreamwave Productions from 2002 to 2004 with multiple limited series as well, and within multiple story continuities, until the company became bankrupt in 2005. The third series is currently being produced by IDW Publishing starting with an issue # 0 in October 2005 and a regular series starting in January 2006. There are also several limited series being produced by IDW as well. In addition to these three main publishers, there have also been several other smaller publishers with varying degrees of success.

paragraph_text: The Juris Doctor degree (J.D. or JD), also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree (J.D., JD, D. Jur. or DJur), is a graduate - entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States, and some other common law countries. It has the academic standing of a second - entry, baccalaureate degree in Canada, a master's degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States (in all three jurisdictions the same as other professional degrees such as M.D. or D.D.S.).

paragraph_text: Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering (HGCE) is a private degree engineering and degree management college located near Vahelal village, district Ahmedabad in Gujarat state, India. The college is affiliated to the GTU and all of the courses are approved by the AICTE.

paragraph_text: Tombazis graduated with a degree in engineering in 1989 at the Trinity College in Cambridge, followed by a PhD in aeronautical engineering at the Imperial College London in 1992.

paragraph_text: Prof. Sammu Raghu De Silva Chandrakeerthy was born in 1945 and had his schooling at Richmond College, Galle. He entered the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Ceylon at Peradeniya in 1963 and graduated in 1967 with an Honours Degree in Civil Engineering. He obtained the PhD degree specializing in Structural Engineering in 1973, from the University of Sheffield, England.

paragraph_text: The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design (SAUD) was formed with three programs: architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering. The design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning.

paragraph_text: Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree in civil engineering. The length of study is three to five years, and the completed degree is designated as a bachelor of engineering, or a bachelor of science in engineering. The curriculum generally includes classes in physics, mathematics, project management, design and specific topics in civil engineering. After taking basic courses in most sub-disciplines of civil engineering, they move onto specialize in one or more sub-disciplines at advanced levels. While an undergraduate degree (BEng / BSc) normally provides successful students with industry - accredited qualification, some academic institutions offer post-graduate degrees (MEng / MSc), which allow students to further specialize in their particular area of interest.

paragraph_text: Arne Blomberg, was born in 1930 in Gothenburg, Sweden. He started off by studying at Valand School of Art and continued later on at the Goldsmiths´Company Trege where he got a journeyman exam, and followed up by an engineering degree and a master's degree as engraver.

paragraph_text: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.

paragraph_text: Šekerinska holds a Master's Degree from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, which she obtained in 2007. She graduated in 1995 from Skopje's Faculty of Electrical Engineering with a degree in Power Engineering.

paragraph_text: The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873.

paragraph_text: Nay Phone Latt graduated with Engineering degree from Yangon Technological University. He worked in Singapore for a few years before he went back to Myanmar to start his Internet Cafe business. He is also a co-founder of Myanmar ICT for Development Organization (MIDO)MIDO, a local NGO focusing on ICT for Development, Internet Freedom and Civic Technology.

paragraph_text: Subcommittee Chair Ranking Member Children and Families Rand Paul (R - KY) Bob Casey Jr. (D - PA) Employment and Workplace Safety Johnny Isakson (R - GA) Al Franken (D - MN) (until January 2, 2018) Primary Health and Retirement Security Mike Enzi (R - WY) Bernie Sanders (I - VT)

paragraph_text: Peter Rolfe Vaughan ACGI, DIC, FREng, FICE, FCGI, MASCE, FGS, (born 10 March 1935; died 16 May 2008) was Emeritus Professor of Ground Engineering in the Geotechnics department of Imperial College London.

paragraph_text: Rolfe D. Mandel (born August 25, 1952) is a Distinguished Professor of archaeology in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Kansas as well as Senior Scientist and Executive Director of the Odyssey Geoarchaeological Research Program at the Kansas Geological Survey. Initially trained as a geographer, he has been a major figure in defining the subdiscipline of geoarchaeology and has spent the last thirty years focusing on the effects of geologic processes on the archaeological record. His primary research interests include geoarchaeology, Quaternary soils, geology, paleoecology, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the Great Plains region of the United States as well as the Mediterranean. Over the years, Mandel has participated in numerous research projects and has served as an editor to multiple journals and a book. His work has been key in promoting an interdisciplinary approach in archaeology, geology, and geography.

paragraph_text: Tami Bond received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1993. She went on to post graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley, where she was awarded a Masters of Science in engineering in 1995, focusing on combustion. In 2000, she completed study for an interdisciplinary Doctor of Philosophy degree in Atmospheric Sciences, Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, again from the University of Washington.

paragraph_text: Burch graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with a degree in computer engineering and is married to Mary Burch.

paragraph_text: John T. Howe received his B.S. from the University of Michigan in 1950 and his M.S. in 1956 and the degree of Engineer in 1958 from Stanford University, all in engineering mechanics.

Question: When did the school which employs Rolfe D. Mandel start issuing degrees in engineering?
Answer: 1873