paragraph_text: War and Peace Front page of War and Peace, first edition, 1869 (Russian) Author Leo Tolstoy Original title Война и миръ Translator The first translation of War and Peace into English was by American Nathan Haskell Dole, in 1899 Country Russia Language Russian, with some French Genre Novel (Historical novel) Publisher The Russian Messenger (serial) Publication date Serialised 1865 -- 1867; book 1869 Media type Print Pages 1,225 (first published edition)

paragraph_text: When a historic document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel The Saragossa Manuscript by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation that was made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy, now lost. French-language versions of the complete Saragossa Manuscript have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki’s Polish version.

paragraph_text: Charles-Henri Sanson, full title "Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval" (15 February 1739 – 4 July 1806), was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, and High Executioner of the First French Republic. He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years, and by his own hand executed nearly 3,000 people, including the King himself.

paragraph_text: ``Let them eat cake ''is the traditional translation of the French phrase`` Qu'ils mangent de la brioche'', supposedly spoken by ``a great princess ''upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quote would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation.

paragraph_text: Philéas Lebesgue (26 November 1869 in La Neuville-Vault, Picardy, France - 11 October 1958 in the same village) was a French essayist and translator. At once a poet, novelist, essayist, translator and literary critic.

paragraph_text: Mélanie Fazi (born 29 November 1976) is a French novelist and translator specialising in fantasy fiction. As well as writing award-winning fiction of her own she has translated works by Lois McMaster Bujold, Elizabeth Moon, Poppy Z. Brite and Graham Joyce into French for "Éditions Bragelonne", a French publisher.

paragraph_text: Nicolas Lancret (22 January 1690 – 14 September 1743) was a French painter. Born in Paris, he was a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans.

paragraph_text: Robotboy is a British/French animated children's television series which is produced by French production company Alphanim for France 3 and Cartoon Network Europe, as well as the studios LuxAnimation and Cofinova 1. It was created and designed by Jan Van Rijsselberge and was directed in Alphanim's studio in Paris by Charlie Bean, who worked on other programs such as "Dexter's Laboratory", "The Powerpuff Girls", and "Samurai Jack". The series first aired in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2005 on Cartoon Network. It premiered in the United States on 28 December 2005 as part of a "sneak peek" preview week for the network's new Saturday morning cartoon lineup that debuted on 14 January 2006. Reruns of the show are still airing in United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, as well in some Latin American countries like Venezuela and Colombia, but is no longer shown in Eastern Europe, the United States or Asian territories.

paragraph_text: Norbert Guterman (1900–1984) was a scholar, and translator of scholarly and literary works from French, Polish and Latin into English. His translations were remarkable for their range of subject matter and high quality.

paragraph_text: Jean-Marie Laclavetine (born February 17, 1954 in Bordeaux) is a French editor, writer and translator of Italian literature into French.

paragraph_text: Roger Munier (21 December 1923, Nancy – 10 August 2010, Vesoul) was a French writer and translator. From 1953, Munier was one of the first to translate into French the work of his master and friend, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976).

paragraph_text: The Three Princes of Serendip is the English version of the story "Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figliuoli del re di Serendippo" published by Michele Tramezzino in Venice in 1557. Tramezzino claimed to have heard the story from one , who had translated the Persian fairy tale into Italian, adapting Book One of Amir Khusrau's "Hasht-Bihisht" of 1302. The story first came to English via a French translation, and now exists in several out-of-print translations.

paragraph_text: The Blood Rose () is a 1970 French horror film directed and co-written by Claude Mulot. The French title translates as "The Flayed Rose".

paragraph_text: The lyrics of ``Angels We Have Heard on High ''are inspired by, but not a direct translation of, the French carol known as Les Anges dans nos campagnes (literally`` the angels in our countryside'') composed by an unknown author in Languedoc, France, though they are clearly inspired by that song, and broadly follow the same storyline. The French song has received many adjustments or alignments including ``Angels We Have Heard On High ''-- its most common English version -- written in 1862 by James Chadwick, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, northeast England. The carol quickly became popular in the West Country, where it was described as`` Cornish'' by R.R. Chope, and featured in Pickard - Cambridge's Collection of Dorset Carols.

paragraph_text: The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. The Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.

paragraph_text: "Sweet Lullaby" is a song by French world music/ethnic electronica Deep Forest which originally appeared on their eponymous album. The song gained popularity in 1992 and 1993 when it was released as a single, becoming a top 30 hit in many European and Oceanian countries. In 1994, it was re-released in remixed versions.

paragraph_text: The Trojan War Will Not Take Place () is a play written in 1935 by French dramatist Jean Giraudoux. In 1955 it was translated into English by Christopher Fry with the title Tiger at the Gates. The play has two acts and follows the convention of the classical unities.

paragraph_text: Ahead of Time is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Henry Kuttner, first published in hardcover by Ballantine Books in 1953 (with a paperback edition shortly afterwards). A British hardcover appeared in 1954, with a paperback following in 1961. Paperback reissues of both the UK and US editions appeared in the mid-1960s. A French translation appeared in 1962, and an Italian translation in 1971.

paragraph_text: Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: "I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed.

paragraph_text: "Printemps, avril carillonne" (English translation: "Springtime, April rings") was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961, performed in French by Jean-Paul Mauric.

Question: In the country that produced Robotboy, what government followed that of the king who re-translated the Reflections into French?
Answer: First French Republic