paragraph_text: Paper spread to India in the 7th century. However, the use of paper was not widespread there until the 12th century.

paragraph_text: The campaign used a variety of nonviolent methods of confrontation, including sit-ins, kneel-ins at local churches, and a march to the county building to mark the beginning of a drive to register voters. The city, however, obtained an injunction barring all such protests. Convinced that the order was unconstitutional, the campaign defied it and prepared for mass arrests of its supporters. King elected to be among those arrested on April 12, 1963.While in jail, King wrote his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail" on the margins of a newspaper, since he had not been allowed any writing paper while held in solitary confinement. Supporters appealed to the Kennedy administration, which intervened to obtain King's release. King was allowed to call his wife, who was recuperating at home after the birth of their fourth child and was released early on April 19.

paragraph_text: The appeal was essentially one of judicial review and was heard at the King's Bench division by Lord Chief Justice Hewart. In a landmark and far - reaching judgement, Lord Hewart CJ said:

paragraph_text: The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written under the pseudonym ``Publius ''by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy - seven of these essays were published serially in the Independent Journal, the New York Packet, and The Daily Advertiser between October 1787 and August 1788. A two - volume compilation of these and eight others was published in 1788 as The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787. The collection was commonly known as The Federalist until the name The Federalist Papers emerged in the 20th century.

paragraph_text: Wang, Štrkalj et al. (2003) examined the use of race as a biological concept in research papers published in China's only biological anthropology journal, Acta Anthropologica Sinica. The study showed that the race concept was widely used among Chinese anthropologists. In a 2007 review paper, Štrkalj suggested that the stark contrast of the racial approach between the United States and China was due to the fact that race is a factor for social cohesion among the ethnically diverse people of China, whereas "race" is a very sensitive issue in America and the racial approach is considered to undermine social cohesion - with the result that in the socio-political context of US academics scientists are encouraged not to use racial categories, whereas in China they are encouraged to use them.

paragraph_text: ``Federalist No. 10 ''is generally regarded as the most important of the 85 articles from a philosophical perspective. In it, Madison discusses the means of preventing rule by majority faction and advocates a large, commercial republic. This is complemented by`` Federalist No. 14'', in which Madison takes the measure of the United States, declares it appropriate for an extended republic, and concludes with a memorable defense of the constitutional and political creativity of the Federal Convention. In ``Federalist No. 84 '', Hamilton makes the case that there is no need to amend the Constitution by adding a Bill of Rights, insisting that the various provisions in the proposed Constitution protecting liberty amount to a`` bill of rights''. ``Federalist No. 78 '', also written by Hamilton, lays the groundwork for the doctrine of judicial review by federal courts of federal legislation or executive acts.`` Federalist No. 70'' presents Hamilton's case for a one - man chief executive. In ``Federalist No. 39 '', Madison presents the clearest exposition of what has come to be called`` Federalism''. In ``Federalist No. 51 '', Madison distills arguments for checks and balances in an essay often quoted for its justification of government as`` the greatest of all reflections on human nature.''

paragraph_text: The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written (under the pseudonym Publius) by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy - seven were published serially in the Independent Journal and the New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788. A compilation of these and eight others, called The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787, was published in two volumes in 1788 by J. and A. McLean. The collection's original title was The Federalist; the title The Federalist Papers did not emerge until the 20th century.

paragraph_text: Paper is a white material primarily used for writing. Although contemporary precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americas, respectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. The first papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25 -- 220 C.E.), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for money making. By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to medieval Europe, where it was refined with the earliest known paper mills utilizing waterwheels. Later Western improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood - based papers.

paragraph_text: There is no statutory definition of privacy in Australia. The Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) was given a reference to review Australian privacy law in 2006. During that review it considered the definition of privacy in 2007 in its Discussion paper 72. The ALRC found there is no ``precise definition of universal application ''of privacy; instead it conducted the inquiry considering the contextual use of the term`` privacy''.

paragraph_text: The November 1981 issue of Management Review contained a paper by George T. Doran called There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives. It discussed the importance of objectives and the difficulty of setting them.

paragraph_text: Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers." Alexander Hamilton, writing in "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: "If their [the peoples'] rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress." (1)

paragraph_text: ``You'll Be Back ''is the seventh song from Act 1 of the musical Hamilton, based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin - Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song. It is sung by Jonathan Groff in the show's original cast recording. Within the context of the musical, it's performed by George III of the United Kingdom lamenting the anti-royal machinations of the rebelling American colonists.

paragraph_text: NMR in Biomedicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published since 1988 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes original full-length papers, rapid communications, and review articles in which magnetic resonance spectroscopy or imaging methods are used to investigate physiological, biochemical, biophysical, or medical problems. The current editor-in-chief is John R. Griffiths (Cancer Research UK).

paragraph_text: This trend for the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia – "anger and ill-will" – and John's own personality. From Henry II onwards, ira et malevolentia had come to describe the right of the king to express his anger and displeasure at particular barons or clergy, building on the Norman concept of malevoncia – royal ill-will. In the Norman period, suffering the king's ill-will meant difficulties in obtaining grants, honours or petitions; Henry II had infamously expressed his fury and ill-will towards Thomas Becket; this ultimately resulted in Becket's death. John now had the additional ability to "cripple his vassals" on a significant scale using his new economic and judicial measures, which made the threat of royal anger all the more serious.

paragraph_text: The state adopted its constitution in April 1777, creating a strong executive and strict separation of powers. It strongly influenced the federal constitution a decade later. Debate over the federal constitution in 1787 led to formation of the groups known as Federalists -- mainly ``downstaters ''(those who lived in or near New York City) who supported a strong national government -- and Antifederalists -- mainly upstaters (those who lived to the city's north and west) who opposed large national institutions. In 1787, Alexander Hamilton, a leading Federalist from New York and signatory to the Constitution, wrote the first essay of the Federalist Papers. He published and wrote most of the series in New York City newspapers in support of the proposed United States Constitution. Antifederalists were not swayed by the arguments, but the state ratified it in 1788.

paragraph_text: A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.

paragraph_text: The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym ``Publius ''to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the Independent Journal, the New York Packet, and The Daily Advertiser between October 1787 and April 1788. A two - volume compilation of these 77 essays and eight others was published as The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787 by publishing firm J. & A. McLean in March and May 1788. The collection was commonly known as The Federalist until the name The Federalist Papers emerged in the 20th century.

paragraph_text: ACT Type Paper - based standardized test Developer / administrator ACT, Inc. Knowledge / skills tested English, math, reading, science, writing (optional). Purpose Undergraduate admissions (mostly in the US and Canadian universities or colleges). Year started 1959 (1959) Duration English: 45 minutes, Math: 60 minutes, Reading: 35 minutes, Science: 35 minutes, Optional writing test: 40 minutes. Total: 3 hours and 35 minutes (excluding breaks). Score / grade range Composite score: 1 to 36, Subscore (for each of the four subject areas): 1 to 36. (All in 1 - point increments.) Offered US and Canada: 7 times a year. Other countries: 5 times a year. Countries / regions Worldwide Languages English Annual number of test takers Over 2.03 million high school graduates in the class of 2017 Prerequisites / eligibility criteria No official prerequisite. Intended for high school students. Fluency in English assumed. Fee Without writing: US $46.00. With writing: US $62.50. Outside the US or Canada: US $47.50 in addition to above. (Fee waivers are available for 11th or 12th grade students who are US citizens or testing in the US or US territories, and have demonstrated financial need.) Scores / grades used by Colleges or universities offering undergraduate programs (mostly in the US and Canada). Website www.act.org/content/act/en/products-and-services/the-act.html

paragraph_text: Federalist No. 51, titled: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments, is an essay by James Madison, the fifty - first of The Federalist Papers. It was published on February 8, 1788, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. One of the most famous of The Federalist papers, No. 51 addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government. One of its most important ideas is the often quoted phrase, ``Ambition must be made to counteract ambition ''and its`` if men were angels'' argument is famous.

paragraph_text: The Sorrows of the King is a collage using cut out paper shapes by Henri Matisse from 1952. It was made from paper he had coloured with gouache paint and is mounted on canvas. Its area is 292 x 386 cm. It was his final self-portrait. During the early-to-mid-1940s Matisse was in poor health. By 1950 he stopped painting in favor of his paper cutouts. "The Sorrows of the King" is an example of Matisse's final body of works known as the "cutouts".

Question: Who is the king singing to in the show named for the person whose writings in The Federalist Papers is used to support the use of judicial review?
Answer: the rebelling American colonists