paragraph_text: Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young. However, the five species of monotreme, the platypuses and the echidnas, lay eggs. The monotremes have a sex determination system different from that of most other mammals. In particular, the sex chromosomes of a platypus are more like those of a chicken than those of a therian mammal. Like marsupials and most other mammals, monotreme young are larval and fetus-like, as the presence of epipubic bones prevents the expansion of the torso, forcing them to produce small young.

paragraph_text: Dyer Place is a former settlement in Humboldt County, California. It lay at an elevation of 2818 feet (859 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1952.

paragraph_text: Over the past three centuries, hundreds of music notation systems have been proposed as alternatives to traditional western music notation. Many of these systems seek to improve upon traditional notation by using a ``chromatic staff ''in which each of the 12 pitch classes has its own unique place on the staff. Examples are the Ailler - Brennink notation, Jacques - Daniel Rochat's Dodeka music notation, Tom Reed's Twinline notation, Russell Ambrose's Ambrose Piano Tabs, Paul Morris' Clairnote, John Keller's Express Stave, and José A. Sotorrio's Bilinear Music Notation. These notation systems do not require the use of standard key signatures, accidentals, or clef signs. They also represent interval relationships more consistently and accurately than traditional notation. The Music Notation Project (formerly known as the Music Notation Modernization Association) has a website with information on many of these notation systems.

paragraph_text: The Ottoman legal system accepted the religious law over its subjects. At the same time the Qanun (or Kanun), a secular legal system, co-existed with religious law or Sharia. The Ottoman Empire was always organized around a system of local jurisprudence. Legal administration in the Ottoman Empire was part of a larger scheme of balancing central and local authority. Ottoman power revolved crucially around the administration of the rights to land, which gave a space for the local authority to develop the needs of the local millet. The jurisdictional complexity of the Ottoman Empire was aimed to permit the integration of culturally and religiously different groups. The Ottoman system had three court systems: one for Muslims, one for non-Muslims, involving appointed Jews and Christians ruling over their respective religious communities, and the "trade court". The entire system was regulated from above by means of the administrative Qanun, i.e. laws, a system based upon the Turkic Yassa and Töre, which were developed in the pre-Islamic era.[citation needed]

paragraph_text: Bar Bender (Traditional Chinese: ) is a Hong Kong legal drama series produced by TVB and aired on its channel, Jade, from 3 to 26 April 2006.

paragraph_text: Curse of the Royal Harem (Traditional Chinese: 萬凰之王; literally "The King Among Ten Thousand Phoenixes") is a 2011 Hong Kong period drama produced by TVB under executive producer Chong Wai-kin. The 45-minute episodes aired from 31 October to 4 December 2011, in a total of 27 episodes in Hong Kong and 29 episodes for the overseas audience. Its stars Jessica Hsuan, Myolie Wu, Sunny Chan, Gigi Wong,

paragraph_text: ``The Dance ''Single by Garth Brooks from the album Garth Brooks B - side`` If Tomorrow Never Comes'' Released April 30, 1990 Format CD single, 7 ''45 RPM Recorded 1988 -- 1989 Genre Country Length 3: 40 Label Capitol Nashville 44629 Songwriter (s) Tony Arata Producer (s) Allen Reynolds Garth Brooks singles chronology ``Not Counting You'' (1990)`` The Dance ''(1990) ``Friends in Low Places'' (1990)`` Not Counting You ''(1990) ``The Dance'' (1990)`` Friends in Low Places ''(1990)

paragraph_text: ``The Man Comes Around ''Song by Johnny Cash from the album American IV: The Man Comes Around Released May 24, 2002 Genre Folk country gospel Length 4: 26 Label American Recordings Universal Songwriter (s) Johnny Cash Producer (s) Rick Rubin John Carter Cash

paragraph_text: Rachel Berry Glee character Lea Michele as Rachel Berry First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Dreams Come True'' Created by Ryan Murphy Brad Falchuk Ian Brennan Portrayed by Lea Michele Information Occupation Actress Singer Formerly: High school student College student Waitress Co-director of the glee club Family Hiram Berry (father) LeRoy Berry (father) Shelby Corcoran (biological mother) Beth Corcoran (adoptive sister) Spouse (s) Jesse St. James (husband) Significant other (s) Finn Hudson (ex-fiancé, deceased) Brody Weston (ex-boyfriend) Noah Puckerman (ex-boyfriend) Sam Evans (ex-boyfriend) Religion Jewish Nationality American

paragraph_text: Dakota Skye is a 2008 coming of age drama directed and produced by John Humber, starring Eileen April Boylan, Ian Nelson and J.B. Ghuman Jr.

paragraph_text: Boon Lay Single Member Constituency (Traditional Chinese: 文禮單選區; Simplified Chinese: 文礼单选区) is a former single member constituency in Boon Lay, Singapore that was formed in 1976 til 2001 where the then incumbent Goh Chee Wee had retired from politics which consequently, this ward was subsequently absorbed into West Coast GRC. It carved out of Jurong constituency.

paragraph_text: The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck - billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg - laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The animal is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record. The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body (in 1799) judged it a fake, made of several animals sewn together.

paragraph_text: Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, mines and domestic service industries. Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft. A system of Pauper Apprenticeship came into practice in the 19th century where the colonial master neither needed the native parents' nor child's approval to assign a child to labour, away from parents, at a distant farm owned by a different colonial master. Other schemes included 'earn-and-learn' programs where children would work and thereby learn. Britain for example passed a law, the so-called Masters and Servants Act of 1899, followed by Tax and Pass Law, to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in Africa. These laws offered the native people the legal ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labour of wife and children available to colonial government's needs such as in farms and as picannins.

paragraph_text: Swarāj (Hindi: स्वराज swa - ``self '', raj`` rule'') can mean generally self - governance or ``self - rule '', and was used synonymously with`` home - rule'' by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mahatma Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept for Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance, not by a hierarchical government, but by self governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation. Since this is against the political and social systems followed by Britain, Gandhi's concept of Swaraj advocated India's discarding British political, economic, bureaucratic, legal, military, and educational institutions. S. Satyamurti, Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru were among a contrasting group of Swarajists who laid the foundation for parliamentary democracy in India.

paragraph_text: Silver Spoon, Sterling Shackles is a Hong Kong television drama produced by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) under executive producer Chong Wai-kin. The drama follows the lives of a large, rich, and influential Chinese family living in 1920's and 1930s colonial Hong Kong.

paragraph_text: Lai Kin Ian is the Director of Public Prosecution under the Procurator General of Macau. He is a senior state attorney under the Secretariat for Administration and Justice (Macau).

paragraph_text: The Ottoman Islamic legal system was set up differently from traditional European courts. Presiding over Islamic courts would be a Qadi, or judge. Since the closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation, Qadis throughout the Ottoman Empire focused less on legal precedent, and more with local customs and traditions in the areas that they administered. However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor.

paragraph_text: David S. Touretzky is a research professor in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University. He received a BA in Computer Science at Rutgers University in 1978, and earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. (1984) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Touretzky has worked as an Internet activist in favor of freedom of speech, especially what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities. He is a notable critic of Scientology.

paragraph_text: The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

paragraph_text: In most nations with constitutions modelled after the Soviet Union, the legislature was given the power of being the court of last resort. In the People's Republic of China, the final power to interpret the law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). This power includes the power to interpret the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macau, the constitutional documents of the two special administrative regions which are common law and Portuguese-based legal system jurisdictions respectively. This power is a legislative power and not a judicial one in that an interpretation by the NPCSC does not affect cases which have already been decided.

Question: The legal system in Lai Kin Ian's birthplace comes from what tradition?
Answer: Portuguese-based legal system