paragraph_text: The Ottoman legal system accepted the religious law over its subjects. At the same time the Qanun (or Kanun), a secular legal system, co-existed with religious law or Sharia. The Ottoman Empire was always organized around a system of local jurisprudence. Legal administration in the Ottoman Empire was part of a larger scheme of balancing central and local authority. Ottoman power revolved crucially around the administration of the rights to land, which gave a space for the local authority to develop the needs of the local millet. The jurisdictional complexity of the Ottoman Empire was aimed to permit the integration of culturally and religiously different groups. The Ottoman system had three court systems: one for Muslims, one for non-Muslims, involving appointed Jews and Christians ruling over their respective religious communities, and the "trade court". The entire system was regulated from above by means of the administrative Qanun, i.e. laws, a system based upon the Turkic Yassa and Töre, which were developed in the pre-Islamic era.[citation needed]

paragraph_text: Bar Bender (Traditional Chinese: ) is a Hong Kong legal drama series produced by TVB and aired on its channel, Jade, from 3 to 26 April 2006.

paragraph_text: Healing Hands II is a television series that was made by Hong Kong's television broadcast company TVB after "Healing Hands"’s success. It was directed by Jonathan Chik, mainly cast by Lawrence Ng, Bowie Lam, Flora Chan, Ada Choi and Yoyo Mung.

paragraph_text: The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

paragraph_text: Melinda Chan Mei Yi (; born 10 March 1965 in Macau) is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau. She ran for Legislative Assembly in the 2009 legislative election. She is a member of Alliance for Change a pan-establishment party in Macau.

paragraph_text: ``The Dance ''Single by Garth Brooks from the album Garth Brooks B - side`` If Tomorrow Never Comes'' Released April 30, 1990 Format CD single, 7 ''45 RPM Recorded 1988 -- 1989 Genre Country Length 3: 40 Label Capitol Nashville 44629 Songwriter (s) Tony Arata Producer (s) Allen Reynolds Garth Brooks singles chronology ``Not Counting You'' (1990)`` The Dance ''(1990) ``Friends in Low Places'' (1990)`` Not Counting You ''(1990) ``The Dance'' (1990)`` Friends in Low Places ''(1990)

paragraph_text: The Ottoman Islamic legal system was set up differently from traditional European courts. Presiding over Islamic courts would be a Qadi, or judge. Since the closing of the ijtihad, or Gate of Interpretation, Qadis throughout the Ottoman Empire focused less on legal precedent, and more with local customs and traditions in the areas that they administered. However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor.

paragraph_text: Drunken Master II () is a 1994 Hong Kong action-comedy kung fu film directed by Lau Kar-leung and Jackie Chan, who stars as Chinese martial arts master and folk hero of Cantonese ethnicity, Wong Fei-hung. It was Chan's first traditional style martial arts film since "The Young Master" (1980) and "Dragon Lord" (1982). The film was released in North America as The Legend of Drunken Master in 2000.

paragraph_text: 2018 African Nations Championship 2018 CHAN Tournament details Host country Morocco Dates 13 January -- 4 February 2018 Teams 16 (from 1 confederation) Venue (s) 4 (in 4 host cities) Final positions Champions Morocco (1st title) Runners - up Nigeria Third place Sudan Fourth place Libya Tournament statistics Matches played 32 Goals scored 58 (1.81 per match) Top scorer (s) Ayoub El Kaabi (9 goals) Best player Ayoub El Kaabi Fair play award Morocco ← 2016 2020 →

paragraph_text: In the fourth season, Melinda meets Eli James (Jamie Kennedy) after a fire at Rockland University who, after his own near - death experience, develops the ability to hear ghosts. Melinda says goodbye to her close friend Rick Payne, who leaves Grandview on a research trip for the university. In this season, Jim is shot and killed. He does not ``cross over ''because he does not want to leave Melinda, and his spirit later enters the body of a man named Sam Lucas, who died in an unrelated accident in Grandview and crossed over. When Jim / Sam regains consciousness, he has no memory of being Jim. Melinda works to get him to remember his past life and her, and succeeds after much difficulty and skepticism on the part of her friends. They soon discover that Melinda is pregnant and that the date of conception was right before Jim died.

paragraph_text: Over the past three centuries, hundreds of music notation systems have been proposed as alternatives to traditional western music notation. Many of these systems seek to improve upon traditional notation by using a ``chromatic staff ''in which each of the 12 pitch classes has its own unique place on the staff. Examples are the Ailler - Brennink notation, Jacques - Daniel Rochat's Dodeka music notation, Tom Reed's Twinline notation, Russell Ambrose's Ambrose Piano Tabs, Paul Morris' Clairnote, John Keller's Express Stave, and José A. Sotorrio's Bilinear Music Notation. These notation systems do not require the use of standard key signatures, accidentals, or clef signs. They also represent interval relationships more consistently and accurately than traditional notation. The Music Notation Project (formerly known as the Music Notation Modernization Association) has a website with information on many of these notation systems.

paragraph_text: Police Story 2 (, a.k.a. Jackie Chan's Police Story 2) is a 1988 Hong Kong action film written, directed by and starring Jackie Chan as Chan Ka-kui. It is a sequel to the hit 1985 film, "Police Story", continuing the storyline of Chan's character, "Kevin" Chan Ka-kui.

paragraph_text: Chan (ちゃん) is a diminutive suffix; it expresses that the speaker finds a person endearing. It is seemingly said to have come from a "cute" pronouncing of -san (in Japanese, replacing s sounds with ch sounds is seen as cute), although there is no evidence otherwise as this suffix has been used since the early days of ancient Japan. In general, -chan is used for babies, young children, close friends, grandparents and sometimes female adolescents. It may also be used towards cute animals, lovers, or a youthful woman. Using -chan with a superior's name is considered to be condescending and rude.

paragraph_text: The Four II (Chinese: 四大名捕2) is a 2013 Chinese-Hong Kong wuxia film directed by Gordon Chan and Janet Chun. It is the sequel to 2012's "The Four".

paragraph_text: However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus, a professor of religion at Williams College, writes that it was Changchub Gyaltsen who adopted the old administrative system of Songtsän Gampo (c. 605–649)—the first leader of the Tibetan Empire to establish Tibet as a strong power—by reinstating its legal code of punishments and administrative units. For example, instead of the 13 governorships established by the Mongol Sakya viceroy, Changchub Gyaltsen divided Central Tibet into districts (dzong) with district heads (dzong dpon) who had to conform to old rituals and wear clothing styles of old Imperial Tibet. Van Praag asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age" by reinstating secular administration, promoting "national culture and traditions," and installing a law code that survived into the 20th century.

paragraph_text: In most nations with constitutions modelled after the Soviet Union, the legislature was given the power of being the court of last resort. In the People's Republic of China, the final power to interpret the law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). This power includes the power to interpret the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macau, the constitutional documents of the two special administrative regions which are common law and Portuguese-based legal system jurisdictions respectively. This power is a legislative power and not a judicial one in that an interpretation by the NPCSC does not affect cases which have already been decided.

paragraph_text: ``The Man Comes Around ''Song by Johnny Cash from the album American IV: The Man Comes Around Released May 24, 2002 Genre Folk country gospel Length 4: 26 Label American Recordings Universal Songwriter (s) Johnny Cash Producer (s) Rick Rubin John Carter Cash

paragraph_text: Aimee Chan (born 1 April 1981) or Chan Yan-mei (Traditional Chinese: 陳茵媺) is a Canadian born actress based in Hong Kong. She was the winner of Miss Hong Kong 2006 and was offered a TVB contract shortly after.

paragraph_text: Charlie Chan at Treasure Island is a 1939 American film directed by Norman Foster, starring Sidney Toler as the fictional Chinese-American detective Charlie Chan, that takes place on Treasure Island during San Francisco's Golden Gate International Exposition (1939-940).

paragraph_text: David S. Touretzky is a research professor in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University. He received a BA in Computer Science at Rutgers University in 1978, and earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. (1984) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Touretzky has worked as an Internet activist in favor of freedom of speech, especially what he perceives as abuse of the legal system by government and private authorities. He is a notable critic of Scientology.

Question: From what tradition does the legal system of Melinda Chan's birthplace come?
Answer: Portuguese-based legal system