paragraph_text: Year Laureate Subject Rationale 1913 Rabindranath Tagore Literature Awarded ``because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West. ''1930 C.V. Raman Physics`` For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.'' 1979 Mother Teresa (born in Skopje, Ottoman Empire) Peace ``For work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace. ''1998 Amartya Sen Economic studies`` For his contributions to welfare economics.'' 2014 Kailash Satyarthi Peace Awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai -- ``for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education. ''

paragraph_text: During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the "Mozart effect": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an experiment published in Nature suggesting that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted students' IQ by 8 to 9 points. This popularized version of the theory was expressed succinctly by the New York Times music columnist Alex Ross: "researchers... have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter." Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect. Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music. One of the co-authors of the original studies of the Mozart effect commented "I don't think it can hurt. I'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences. But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs."

paragraph_text: The calligraphy on the Great Gate reads ``O Soul, thou art at rest. Return to the Lord at peace with Him, and He at peace with you. ''The calligraphy was created in 1609 by a calligrapher named Abdul Haq. Shah Jahan conferred the title of`` Amanat Khan'' upon him as a reward for his ``dazzling virtuosity ''. Near the lines from the Qur'an at the base of the interior dome is the inscription,`` Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi.'' Much of the calligraphy is composed of florid thuluth script made of jasper or black marble inlaid in white marble panels. Higher panels are written in slightly larger script to reduce the skewing effect when viewed from below. The calligraphy found on the marble cenotaphs in the tomb is particularly detailed and delicate.

paragraph_text: Donald James Winslow (1911 – 10 July 2010) was a professor at Boston University in Boston, United States who specialized in the subject of biography.

paragraph_text: Tracks 1 -- 9 are composed by Trevor Jones except for the main theme which is composed by Dougie MacLean; tracks 10 -- 15 are by Randy Edelman.

paragraph_text: Fabian Del Priore (born 27 May 1978 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a composer, arranger and sound designer. He has become an established tracker musician, going by the stage name "Rapture".

paragraph_text: George Robert Twelves Hewes (August 25, 1742 – November 5, 1840) was a participant in the political protests in Boston at the onset of the American Revolution, and one of the last survivors of the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre. Later he fought in the American Revolutionary War as a militiaman and privateer. Shortly before his death at the age of 98, Hewes was the subject of two biographies and much public commemoration.

paragraph_text: The French newspaper "Le Figaro" named him "the Mozart of cinema." Delerue was the first composer to win three consecutive César Awards for "Get Out Your Handkerchiefs" (1979), "Love on the Run" (1980), and "The Last Metro" (1981). Georges Delerue was named Commander of Arts and Letters, one of France's highest honours.

paragraph_text: In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy.

paragraph_text: Francesco Bertelli (1794–1844) was an Italian astronomer at the observatory of Bologna and professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna. The main-belt asteroid 8266 Bertelli is named after him.

paragraph_text: Edward Louis Bernays (/ bərˈneɪz /; German: (bɛɐ̯ˈnaɪs); November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an Austrian - American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as ``the father of public relations ''. Bernays was named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century by Life. He was the subject of a full length biography by Larry Tye called The Father of Spin (1999) and later an award - winning 2002 documentary for the BBC by Adam Curtis called The Century of the Self. More recently, Bernays is noted as the great - uncle of Netflix co-founder, Marc Randolph.

paragraph_text: 920 Biography & genealogy 920 Biography, genealogy, insignia 921 - 928 This range is reserved as an optional location for biographies, which are shelved alphabetically by subject's last name. 929 Genealogy, names, insignia

paragraph_text: The Maid of Orleans (, "Orleanskaja deva") is an opera in 4 acts, 6 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was composed during 1878–1879 to a Russian libretto by the composer, based on several sources: Friedrich Schiller’s "The Maid of Orleans" as translated by Vasily Zhukovsky; Jules Barbier’s "Jeanne d’Arc" ("Joan of Arc"); Auguste Mermet’s libretto for his own opera; and Henri Wallon’s biography of Joan of Arc. Dedicated to conductor Eduard Nápravník, this work represents the composer's closest approach to French grand opera, albeit in the Russian language, notably with its inclusion of a ballet in Act 2.

paragraph_text: Hellmuth Christian Wolff (23 May 1906 in Zürich – 1 July 1988 in Leipzig) was a German composer and musicologist. As a young man he studied music in Berlin and Kiel. He later taught music in Leipzig from 1954-1971. He is particularly remembered for his numerous publications on the history of opera and in particular the subject of baroque opera. Also of interest, are his writings on the visual aspects of music which led him to study iconography, including a pictorial history of opera.

paragraph_text: Bernhard Heiden (b. Frankfurt-am-Main, August 24, 1910; d. Bloomington, IN, April 30, 2000) was a German and American composer and music teacher, who studied under and was heavily influenced by Paul Hindemith. Bernhard Heiden, the son of Ernst Levi and Martha (Heiden-Heimer) was originally named Bernhard Levi, but he later changed his name.

paragraph_text: O'Hara Township is a township with home rule status in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in the United States six miles northeast of Downtown Pittsburgh. The community was long organized as a township, and retains "Township" in its official name, but adopted a home rule charter in 1973 (taking effect on January 5, 1976) and is no longer subject to the Pennsylvania Township Code. The population was 8,407 at the 2010 census.

paragraph_text: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died after a short illness on 5 December 1791, aged 35. His reputation as a composer, already strong during his lifetime, rose rapidly in the years after his death, and he became (as he has remained to this day) one of the most celebrated of all composers.

paragraph_text: The engagement was not without controversy: Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. He was a prince without a home or kingdom. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin." Elizabeth's mother was reported, in later biographies, to have opposed the union initially, even dubbing Philip "The Hun". In later life, however, she told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".

paragraph_text: Oliver Hilmes (born 1971 in Viersen, Germany) is a German author who has written several historical biographies. His study of Cosima Wagner, the daughter of the 19th century composer Franz Liszt and his biography of Alma Mahler a Viennese-born socialite, have been translated into English.

paragraph_text: Played by Joe Nieves, Carl is the bartender at MacLaren's, which is frequented by the main characters. Carl's last name is MacLaren and he owns the bar. Carl eventually has a son who helps him at MacLaren's.

Question: What is the main subject of biographies of the composer who had an effect named after him?
Answer: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart