paragraph_text: Anny Duperey (born Annie Legras; 28 June 1947 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France) is a French stage, film and television actress and best-selling author. She is a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.

paragraph_text: The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools. The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892, and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942. The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945. The most recent alteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954, when the words ``under God ''were added.

paragraph_text: The United States Oath of Allegiance, officially referred to as the ``Oath of Allegiance, ''8 C.F.R. Part 337 (2008), is an allegiance oath that must be taken by all immigrants who wish to become United States citizens.

paragraph_text: He was an author of numerous memoirs on the geology of Russia, especially on coal and other mineral deposits of the country; and he wrote also some explanations to accompany separate sheets of the geological map of Russia.

paragraph_text: In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue. Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue.

paragraph_text: The Pledge of Allegiance, as it exists in its current form, was composed in August 1892 by Francis Bellamy (1855 -- 1931), who was a Baptist minister, a Christian socialist, and the cousin of socialist utopian novelist Edward Bellamy (1850 -- 1898). There did exist a previous version created by Rear Admiral George Balch, a veteran of the Civil War, who later become auditor of the New York Board of Education. Balch's pledge, which existed contemporaneously with the Bellamy version until the 1923 National Flag Conference, read:

paragraph_text: John Homer Caldwell (born November 28, 1928) is a retired American nordic skier who competed in the 1952 Winter Olympics, then became a cross-country ski coach and authority on cross-country skiing. He wrote a series of books that helped popularize and develop understanding of recreational cross-country skiing in the United States. Consequently, Caldwell has been called the "father" and "guru" of Nordic skiing in North America.

paragraph_text: Howard Irving Chapelle (February 1, 1901 – June 30, 1975) was an American naval architect, and curator of maritime history at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. In addition, he authored many books and articles on maritime history and marine architecture.

paragraph_text: Herbert Lottman (August 16, 1927, Brooklyn – August 27, 2014, Paris) was an American author who specialized in writing biographies on French subjects. An influential biographer, he published 17 biographies, 15 of which were related to French culture, commerce, or politics; including works on Albert Camus, Colette, Gustave Flaubert, Henri Philippe Pétain, Jules Verne, and the Rothschild banking family of France. He wrote that, just before dying, Albert Camus was pledged to marry. Camus's estate tried to block his book, partly because of this controversial statement.

paragraph_text: Rank Island Area (km2) Area (sq mi) Country or Countries Cuba 105,806 40,852 Cuba Hispaniola 76,479 29,529 Haiti and Dominican Republic Jamaica 11,188 4320 Jamaica Puerto Rico 8,896 3435 Puerto Rico 5 Trinidad 4,827 1864 Trinidad and Tobago 6 North Andros Island 3,439 1328 Bahamas 7 Isla de la Juventud 2,237 864 Cuba 8 Great Inagua Island 1,543 596 Bahamas 9 South Andros Island 1,447 559 Bahamas 10 Grand Bahama Island 1,373 530 Bahamas 11 Great Abaco Island 1,144 442 Bahamas 12 Martinique 1,128 436 Martinique 13 Isla Margarita 1,020 394 Venezuela

paragraph_text: The Pledge Of Allegiance is the national pledge of The Commonwealth of the Bahamas which was written by Rev. Philip Rahming.

paragraph_text: Tyron Akins (born 6 January 1986) is a US-born hurdler competing internationally for Nigeria. He switched allegiance from his country of birth to Nigeria in 2014 and has since won several medals on the continental level.

paragraph_text: When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.

paragraph_text: Edited by Mai Neng Moua, "Bamboo Among the Oaks" features the work of 23 Hmong writers from across the country. Some wrote using pseudonyms or pen-names due to the sensitivity of their subjects and concerns that the community might not distinguish between the narrator's voice and the author.

paragraph_text: The phrase ``under God ''was incorporated into the Pledge of Allegiance on June 14, 1954, by a Joint Resolution of Congress amending § 4 of the Flag Code enacted in 1942.

paragraph_text: On 27 June, Rhee evacuated from Seoul with some of the government. On 28 June, at 2 am, the South Korean Army blew up the highway bridge across the Han River in an attempt to stop the North Korean army. The bridge was detonated while 4,000 refugees were crossing the bridge, and hundreds were killed. Destroying the bridge also trapped many South Korean military units north of the Han River. In spite of such desperate measures, Seoul fell that same day. A number of South Korean National Assemblymen remained in Seoul when it fell, and forty-eight subsequently pledged allegiance to the North.

paragraph_text: Addison Beecher Colvin ("Cal") Whipple (July 15, 1918 – March 17, 2013) was an American journalist, editor, historian and author. He was born in Glens Falls, New York, on July 15, 1918, and spent most of his childhood in Suffield, Connecticut. He graduated from the Loomis School, from Yale University in 1940 and received an M.A. from Harvard University before being hired by "Life" Magazine. He had many positions at Time/Life and wrote a number of books about maritime history.

paragraph_text: The Pledge of Allegiance is an oath of allegiance to the United States, addressed to both the flag and the Republic. It was composed by Rear Admiral George Balch in 1887, and revised by Francis Bellamy in 1892. In 1942 it was formally adopted by Congress. Congress gave it the name The Pledge of Allegiance in 1945. In 1954 the words ``under God ''were added.

paragraph_text: The Bahamas Maritime Authority (BMA) is an authority that registers vessels in the Bahamas and enforces safety standards on Bahamian-registered craft. The authority has an office in the Shirlaw House in Nassau. It also has offices in the Bahamas House in New York City, in the Hutchinson House in Hong Kong, and in London.

paragraph_text: Symonette served as Attorney General, Minister of Tourism and Chairman of the Airport Authority. As Chairman of the Hotel Corporation of the Bahamas, Symonette was instrumental in negotiations that resulted in bringing the Atlantis Hotel and affiliated resort properties to the Bahamas.

Question: Who wrote the pledge of allegiance of the country Bahamas Maritime Authority is from?
Answer: Rev. Philip Rahming