paragraph_text: Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.

paragraph_text: Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado Martínez Ángulo y Bodquín (in full, "Manuel Antonio Flórez Maldonado") (May 27, 1723 in Seville, Spain – March 20, 1799 in Madrid) was a general in the Spanish navy and viceroy of New Granada (1776 – November 26, 1781) and New Spain (August 17, 1787 to October 16, 1789).

paragraph_text: Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Portugal is also known for having decriminalized the usage of all common drugs in 2001, the first country in the world to do so. However, drugs are still illegal in Portugal.

paragraph_text: Belize ( (listen)) is an independent and sovereign country located on the north eastern coast of Central America. Belize is bordered on the northwest by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala. It has an area of 22,970 square kilometres (8,867 sq mi) and a population of 387,879 (2017). Its mainland is about 180 mi (290 km) long and 68 mi (110 km) wide. It has the lowest population and population density in Central America. The country's population growth rate of 1.87% per year (2015) is the second highest in the region and one of the highest in the Western Hemisphere.The Maya Civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 B.C. and 300 A.D. and flourished until about 1200. European exploration campaigns began in 1502 when Christopher Columbus sailed along the Gulf of Honduras. European settlement was begun by English settlers in 1638. This period was also marked by Spain and Britain both laying claim to the land until Britain defeated the Spanish in the Battle of St. George's Caye (1798). It became a British colony in 1840, known as British Honduras, and a Crown colony in 1862. Independence was achieved from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981.

paragraph_text: John Thorndike (February 23, 1611 or 1612 – interred 1668) was one of the first founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Other sources show his birth date as born February 1610/11.

paragraph_text: The Gaóns were a Jewish family in Vitoria, Álava, today in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, Spain. In the 15th century, several of them collected taxes for the kings of Castile.

paragraph_text: He was born in Macao, China, the son of John William Roberts of the East India Company and was educated at Mr Styles' Classical Academy in Thames Ditton and at the Addiscombe Military Seminary for service in the East India Company (the HEIC).

paragraph_text: Macau was administered by the Portuguese Empire and its inheritor states from the mid-16th century until late 1999, when it constituted the last remaining European colony in Asia. Portuguese traders first settled in Macau in the 1550s. In 1557, Macau was leased to Portugal from Ming China as a trading port. The Portuguese Empire administered the city under Chinese authority and sovereignty until 1887, when Macau became a colony through a mutual agreement between the two countries. Sovereignty over Macau was transferred back to China on 20 December 1999. The Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau and Macau Basic Law stipulate that Macau operate with a high degree of autonomy until at least 2049, fifty years after the transfer.

paragraph_text: Portugal -- Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.

paragraph_text: Juan Mata Mata playing for Manchester United in 2016 Full name Juan Manuel Mata García Date of birth (1988 - 04 - 28) 28 April 1988 (age 29) Place of birth Burgos, Spain Height 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Playing position Attacking midfielder Club information Current team Manchester United Number 8 Youth career 1998 -- 2003 Real Oviedo 2003 -- 2006 Real Madrid Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2006 -- 2007 Real Madrid Castilla 39 (10) 2007 -- 2011 Valencia 129 (33) 2011 -- 2014 Chelsea 82 (18) 2014 -- Manchester United 133 (30) National team Spain U16 (2) Spain U17 (1) 2006 -- 2007 Spain U19 13 (12) 2007 Spain U20 5 (3) 2007 -- 2011 Spain U21 19 (5) 2012 Spain U23 (0) 2009 -- Spain 41 (10) Honours (show) Representing Spain FIFA World Cup 2010 South Africa (((3))) FIFA Confederations Cup 2013 Brazil 2009 South Africa UEFA European Championship 2012 Poland -- Ukraine UEFA European Under - 21 Championship 2011 Romania UEFA European Under - 19 Championship 2006 Poland * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 16: 00, 24 February 2018 (UTC). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 15 November 2016

paragraph_text: From the 1880s to 1914, the European powers expanded their control across the African continent, competing with each other for Africa’s land and resources. Great Britain controlled various colonial holdings in East Africa that spanned the length of the African continent from Egypt in the north to South Africa. The French gained major ground in West Africa, and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa. Germany, Italy, and Spain established a small number of colonies at various points throughout the continent, which included German East Africa (Tanganyika) and German Southwest Africa for Germany, Eritrea and Libya for Italy, and the Canary Islands and Rio de Oro in northwestern Africa for Spain. Finally, for King Leopold (ruled from 1865–1909), there was the large “piece of that great African cake” known as the Congo, which, unfortunately for the native Congolese, became his personal fiefdom to do with as he pleased in Central Africa. By 1914, almost the entire continent was under European control. Liberia, which was settled by freed American slaves in the 1820s, and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in eastern Africa were the last remaining independent African states. (John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Volume Two: From the French Revolution to the Present, Third Edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2010), pp. 819–859).

paragraph_text: Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties.

paragraph_text: Andrés Iniesta Iniesta in June 2018 Full name Andrés Iniesta Luján Date of birth (1984 - 05 - 11) 11 May 1984 (age 34) Place of birth Fuentealbilla, Spain Height 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) Playing position Midfielder Club information Current team Vissel Kobe Number 8 Youth career 1994 -- 1996 Albacete 1996 -- 2001 Barcelona Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2001 -- 2003 Barcelona B 54 (5) 2002 -- 2018 Barcelona 442 (35) 2018 -- Vissel Kobe (1) National team 2000 Spain U15 (0) 2000 -- 2001 Spain U16 7 (1) 2001 Spain U17 (0) 2001 -- 2002 Spain U19 7 (1) 2003 Spain U20 7 (3) 2003 -- 2006 Spain U21 18 (6) 2006 -- 2018 Spain 131 (13) 2004 -- 2005 Catalonia (0) Honours (show) Representing Spain Men's Football UEFA U-17 Championship Winner 2001 England UEFA U-19 Championship Winner 2002 Norway FIFA U-20 World Cup Runner - up 2003 United Arab Emirates UEFA European Championship Winner 2008 Austria - Switzerland FIFA World Cup Winner 2010 South Africa UEFA European Championship Winner 2012 Poland - Ukraine FIFA Confederations Cup Runner - up 2013 Brazil * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14: 14, 11 August 2018 (UTC) ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 16: 47, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

paragraph_text: Manuel Sánchez Ayuso (Murcia, Spain, 1941 - Valencia, Spain 8 November 1982) was a Spanish economist and politician in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Popular Socialist Party.

paragraph_text: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).

paragraph_text: The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. ''At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.

paragraph_text: The 1997 Women's European Water Polo Championship was the seventh edition of the European Water Polo Championship, organised by the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in Seville, Spain from August 13 to August 22, 1997, part of the European LC Championships 1997.

paragraph_text: John Seward Johnson I (July 14, 1895 – May 23, 1983) was one of the sons of Robert Wood Johnson I (co-founder of Johnson & Johnson). He was also known as J. Seward Johnson Sr. and Seward Johnson. He founded the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI), and was the grandfather of Jamie Johnson, who directed the documentary "Born Rich".

paragraph_text: Sketches of Spain is an album by Miles Davis, recorded between November 1959 and March 1960 at the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City. An extended version of the second movement of Joaquín Rodrigo's "Concierto de Aranjuez" (1939) is included, as well as a piece called "Will o' the Wisp", from Manuel de Falla's ballet "El amor brujo" (1914–1915). "Sketches of Spain" is regarded as an exemplary recording of Third Stream, a musical fusion of jazz, European classical, and styles from world music.

paragraph_text: The first recorded visit by Europeans is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. He sighted Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed the next day on Homonhon Island, now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition on February 13, 1565 from Mexico. He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu. Much of the archipelago came under Spanish rule, creating the first unified political structure known as the Philippines. Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of Christianity, the code of law and the oldest modern university in Asia. The Philippines was ruled under the Mexico - based Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence. After which, the colony was directly governed by Spain.

Question: What are Spain and the country that colonized the birthplace of Manuel John Johnson collectively known as?
Answer: Iberian Peninsula