paragraph_text: Paul Andrew Williams (born 1973 in Portsmouth, England) is a British film writer and director. He won the New Director's Award for his film London to Brighton in the 2006 Edinburgh International Film Festival.

paragraph_text: Paul David Miller (born December 1, 1941) is a retired admiral in the United States Navy. His last duty in the Navy was to serve as Commander-in-Chief, of the U.S. Atlantic Command.

paragraph_text: Paul Andrew McLaren (born 17 November 1976) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Oxford United in 2012. He was born in High Wycombe.

paragraph_text: Admiral Thomas Joseph Lopez is a retired United States Navy four-star admiral who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe/Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCUSNAVEUR/CINCSOUTH) from 1996 to 1998.

paragraph_text: Gertrud Wilhelmine von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (born December 4, 1860 in Magdeburg, † May 14, 1921 in Hannover) was a German noblewoman and philanthropist. She was the wife of Paul von Hindenburg, the Chief of the German Army Command in the second half of the First World War and President of Germany.

paragraph_text: The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation of New York City in the United States is a private foundation with five core areas of interest, and endowed with wealth accumulated by Andrew W. Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations were set up separately by Paul Mellon and Ailsa Mellon Bruce, the children of Andrew W. Mellon. It is housed in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation in New York City, another educational philanthropy supported by Paul Mellon. Elizabeth Alexander is the Foundation's president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer, and Nathan Pusey. In 2004, the Foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

paragraph_text: William Joseph Fallon (born December 30, 1944) is a retired United States Navy four-star admiral who retired after serving for over 41 years. His last military assignment was as Commander, U.S. Central Command from March 2007 to March 2008. ADM Fallon was the first Navy officer to hold that position. His other four-star assignments include Commander, U.S. Pacific Command from February 2005 to March 2007, Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command from October 2003 to February 2005, and 31st Vice Chief of Naval Operations from October 2000 to August 2003. On March 11, 2008, he announced his resignation from CENTCOM and retirement from active duty, citing administrative complications caused in part by an article in "Esquire Magazine," which described him as the only thing standing between the Bush Administration and war with Iran.

paragraph_text: Paul Andrew Mattison (born 24 April 1973 in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder for Darlington in The Football League.

paragraph_text: Pramono Edhie Wibowo (born 5 May 1955 in Magelang) is a former Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 31 June 2011 until 20 May 2013. He is the brother-in-law of former Indonesian president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before becoming Indonesian Army Chief of Staff, he was Commander of Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) (Pangkostrad), Commanding General of the Special Forces Command (Danjen Kopassus), Commander of the Military Territory III/Siliwangi, Chief of Staff of the Military Territory IV/Diponegoro, as well as Personal Aide of former Indonesian President, Megawati Soekarnoputri.

paragraph_text: Position Photo Incumbent Army staff Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) GEN Mark A. Milley Vice Chief of Staff of the Army (VCSA) GEN James C. McConville Army commands Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) GEN Robert B. Abrams Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) GEN Gustave F. Perna Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) GEN Robert B. Brown Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) GEN David G. Perkins

paragraph_text: The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest - ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense.

paragraph_text: General of Army of Ukraine Serhiy Kirichenko (born May 4, 1952) was the 9th Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

paragraph_text: Yair Naveh (, born 5 September 1957) is a Major General in the Israel Defense Forces and a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff. In 1975, he was drafted into the IDF where he served in all positions in the Golani Infantry Brigade from Company Commander to Brigade Commander. He lives in Zikhron Ya'akov.

paragraph_text: James A. Roy (born 1964) is a retired Chief Master Sergeant of the United States Air Force who served as the 16th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force from 30 June 2009 to 24 January 2013. He was previously the Senior Enlisted Leader and Advisor for United States Pacific Command.

paragraph_text: The post of Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth was merged with that of Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1969 to form the post of Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command. The posts of Second Sea Lord and Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command were amalgamated in 1994 following the rationalisation of the British Armed Forces following the end of the Cold War. In 2012, however, all distinct Commander-in-Chief appointments were discontinued, with full operational command being vested instead in the First Sea Lord; he now flies his flag from HMS "Victory".

paragraph_text: Mihail Camarasu (born 1892, died 1962) was a Romanian Lieutenant-General during World War II. He served as Chief of Staff VII Corps in 1940, and in 1943 went from Commanding Officer Infantry 18th Mountain Division to General Officer Commanding 103rd Mountain Command. In 1944, he was Romanian Liaison Officer to XVII German Army Corps, Chief Prisoner of War Section General Staff, and General Officer Commanding 10th Division. From 1945 to 1948, he was Deputy General Officer Commanding of first the 5th Corps Area, and then the 3rd Military Region. He retired in 1948.

paragraph_text: Frank Vargas Pazzos (born July 15, 1934 in Chone) was a commander of the Ecuadorian Air Force (FAE) and Chief of the Joint Armed Forces Command of Ecuador.

paragraph_text: The journal was established in December 1984 by founding editor-in-chief William J. Whelan under the auspices of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Adam S. Wilkins became editor in January 1990. Originally published by ICSU Press and The Company of Biologists, "BioEssays" has been published by John Wiley & Sons since January 1998. Andrew Moore became editor-in-chief in August 2008.

paragraph_text: Position Photograph Name Service Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Joseph F. Dunford United States Marine Corps Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Paul J. Selva United States Air Force Chief of Staff of the Army Gen. Mark A. Milley United States Army Commandant of the Marine Corps Gen. Robert B. Neller United States Marine Corps Chief of Naval Operations Adm. John M. Richardson United States Navy Chief of Staff of the Air Force Gen. David L. Goldfein United States Air Force Chief of the National Guard Bureau Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel United States Air Force

paragraph_text: General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB, PC (10 August 1729 -- 12 July 1814) was a British Army officer who rose to become Commander - in - Chief of British forces during the American War of Independence. Howe was one of three brothers who had distinguished military careers.

Question: When was Commander-in-Chief abolished in Paul Andrew Williams' birthplace?
Answer: 1969