paragraph_text: Witches Cauldron () is an ice-filled basin on the west side of the Douglas Range, immediately west of Mount Egbert in the north part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The basin was first sighted from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land expedition in 1937. More accurately mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947–48, by Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for the feature's kettle-like shape.

paragraph_text: Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.

paragraph_text: The Lazarev Ice Shelf is that part of the ice shelf fringing the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, that lies between Leningradskiy Island and Verblyud Island. It is part of the western Riiser-Larsen Sea and is about long. The ice shelf was first photographed from the air and mapped by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was explored and mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1959, and named for Lieutenant (later Admiral) Mikhail P. Lazarev, commander of the sloop "Mirnyy".

paragraph_text: In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice." Microsoft Corp v Commission

paragraph_text: The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan.

paragraph_text: Us and Our Education is a 2009 documentary film from the United Kingdom written and produced by Eve Jones and directed by Chris Burns. It explores learning disabilities within schools and in the work place by centering on weekly workshops that were to be used as the basis to a theatre performance by several day centers in Worcestershire.

paragraph_text: The Smoking Hills are located on the east coast of Cape Bathurst in Canada's Northwest Territories, next to the Arctic Ocean and a small group of lakes. The cliffs were named by explorer John Franklin, who was the first European to see them on his 1826 expeditions. They contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.

paragraph_text: To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest is crucial. In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest, (2) regenerating forest [less than three years], (3) regenerating forest [between three and five years of regrowth], and (4) regenerating forest [eleven to eighteen years of continued development]. The researcher used a combination of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM) to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications.

paragraph_text: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.

paragraph_text: The show takes place on the fictional island of Ronansay off the coast of Skye. The actual filming location was the sea - side village of Port Logan.

paragraph_text: "Tiempo de Silencio" is an accurate representation of Spain post civil war period, a denunciation of the reality of Franco's Spain in the 1950s, from which Aranda himself emigrated in 1952, the same period in which the action takes place. The film adheres to an unforgiving neorealist aesthetic.

paragraph_text: West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea - Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo. The population of West Africa is estimated at about 362 million people as of 2016...

paragraph_text: Duyvis Point () is the point forming the southeast side of the entrance to Urovene Cove situated south-southeast of Cape Garcia and 2.65 km southeast of Laskar Point, on the southwest coast of Felipe Solo (Obligado) Peninsula, Graham Land in Antarctica. It was first roughly charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37. It was mapped more accurately by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey from photos taken by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd in 1956–57, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for F. Donker Duyvis, a Dutch documentalist who was Secretary of the International Federation for Documentation.

paragraph_text: European exploration of Sub-Saharan Africa begins with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century, pioneered by Portugal under Henry the Navigator. The Cape of Good Hope was first reached by Bartolomeu Dias on 12 March 1488, opening the important sea route to India and the Far East, but European exploration of Africa itself remained very limited during the 16th and 17th centuries. The European powers were content to establish trading posts along the coast while they were actively exploring and colonizing the New World. Exploration of the interior of Africa was thus mostly left to the Arab slave traders, who in tandem with the Muslim conquest of the Sudan established far - reaching networks and supported the economy of a number of Sahelian kingdoms during the 15th to 18th centuries.

paragraph_text: The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in French: le Siècle des Lumières, lit. '``the Century of Lights '''; and in German: Aufklärung,`` Enlightenment'') was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, ``The Century of Philosophy ''.

paragraph_text: Generalstabens Topografiske Afdeling () was the cartographic, topographic and general maps department of the Danish army from 1842 to 1928. It supplied both government and civilian organizations with accurate maps of Denmark.

paragraph_text: Vere Ice Rise () is a small ice rise lying merged within the Wilkins Ice Shelf, lying off the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was roughly mapped from the air by British Antarctic Survey on a radio echo sounding flight on 1 February 1967, and later accurately positioned from U.S. Landsat imagery of February 1979. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Flight Lieutenant Robert P. Vere, RAF, the second pilot of the Twin Otter aircraft used on the British Antarctic Survey flight.

paragraph_text: Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.

paragraph_text: Burgess Ice Rise () is a small ice rise lying within the Wilkins Ice Shelf, off the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was mapped from the air on a radio echo sounding flight by the British Antarctic Survey on February 11, 1967, and later accurately positioned from U.S. Landsat imagery of February 1979. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1980 after Flight Lieutenant Robert William Burgess, Royal Air Force pilot in command of the Twin Otter aircraft on the flight.

paragraph_text: Malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. Malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of July ). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed ""The Warm Heart of Africa"" because of the friendliness of the people.

Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the center of the Enlightenment and the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa?
Answer: Piri Reis