paragraph_text: Wertmüller was born in Stockholm and studied art at home before moving to Paris in 1772 to study under his cousin Alexander Roslin and French painter Joseph-Marie Vien. On July 30, 1784, Wertmüller was elected to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.

paragraph_text: Butler was educated at Maidstone Grammar School and studied art at Saint Martin's School of Art and the Royal College of Art. For 10 years he was a professional stone carver. He taught sculpture and drawing at the City and Guilds of London Art School and was visiting professor to the Royal Academy School. He was first elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 1964 and is a member of the Royal West of England Academy and fellow of the Royal British Society of Sculptors.

paragraph_text: Erik Bodom was born in Vestby in Akershus, Norway. He was a pupil at the Oslo Cathedral School, but shortly left school to educate himself as a painter. He attended the Royal Drawing School, studying under Johannes Flintoe during 1847. He was a student of Hans Gude during 1848. In 1850, he traveled to Düsseldorf, where he made rapid progress. In 1852, he sold a landscape painting "Aus dem Bondhusthal" ("From the Bondhusdalen"), to Bridgewater Gallery in London. The following year, he became an honorary member of the Royal Academy in Amsterdam.

paragraph_text: Ball was born in Westminster, London, the son of Edward Henry Ball, carver, and his wife Louisa, née Percival. He later studied at the Royal Academy of Arts schools in England winning several gold medals and prizes. Between 1865 and 1882 he exhibited 24 works at Royal Academy exhibitions. Around 1870 Ball travelled to Paris and then to Munich and Rome, where he lived for approximately eight years. His marble sculptures received high praise.

paragraph_text: Kuyper was born in Amsterdam. He primarily painted depictions of buildings and landscapes. Starting in 1776 he studied under Jurriaan Andriessen at the "Stadstekenacademie" (City Drawing School). In their annual art competitions he won 3rd place in 1781, 2nd in 1782, and 1st place in 1783. He then used the award money to travel and work around Germany where he visited Düsseldorf, the Rhine, and Mannheim, before ultimately returning to Amsterdam. In 1801 he was appointed secretary-director at Stadstekenacademie. Kuyper became a member of the Felix Meritis artist community. He was also a founding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1808.

paragraph_text: He won the British Prix de Rome for sculpture in 1913, and in World War I served in the Royal Garrison Artillery and later as a war artist. He was professor of sculpture at the Royal College of Art and in 1937 was elected a Royal Academician. He became president of the Royal Society of British Sculptors and a trustee of the Royal Academy.

paragraph_text: The Cornfield is an oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist John Constable. It was finished in 1826 and first exhibited at the Royal Academy that same year. It measures 143 by 122 cm and hangs in the National Gallery, London.

paragraph_text: Louis-Gabriel Moreau was born in Paris. He was a pupil of Pierre-Antoine Demachy. Like Demachy, Moreau would focus on paintings of buildings and the countryside in and around Paris. He painted generally in Gouache. Moreau's work was first exhibited in 1760 at the "". He was accepted into the Académie de Saint-Luc, but failed to gain admission to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1787 and again in 1788, possibly because the academy did not share Moreau's preference for landscapes.

paragraph_text: Naval Officers of World War I is a large oil on canvas painting by Sir Arthur Stockdale Cope, completed in 1921. It was commissioned by South African financier Sir Abraham Bailey, 1st Baronet to commemorate the Royal Navy officers who commanded British fleets in the First World War. Cope's painting was first exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1921 and donated to the National Portrait Gallery that year.

paragraph_text: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.

paragraph_text: The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th - and 20th - century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training.

paragraph_text: In England, Morse perfected his painting techniques under Allston's watchful eye; by the end of 1811, he gained admittance to the Royal Academy. At the Academy, he was moved by the art of the Renaissance and paid close attention to the works of Michelangelo and Raphael. After observing and practicing life drawing and absorbing its anatomical demands, the young artist produced his masterpiece, the Dying Hercules. (He first made a sculpture as a study for the painting.)

paragraph_text: A Fish Sale on a Cornish Beach is an oil-on-canvas painting by Stanhope Forbes depicting a fish auction on the beach near Newlyn. It was painted in 1884-5 and exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1885. The painting is now owned by the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery.

paragraph_text: For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educate themselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art". Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French Baroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquired reputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. Pierre Mignard became the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. In 1648, the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate for the dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.

paragraph_text: Stronach was winner of the Royal Scottish Academy ‘Guthrie Award’ in April 1927 and a member of the Royal Scottish Academy (elected June 1934). He was a student and later Professor of Mural Painting at the Glasgow School of Art. He was a painter of portraits and figure subjects. Stronach exhibited at the Paris Salon, the Royal Scottish Academy, at the Royal Academy and in Canada, New Zealand and America. His painting ‘Circe' of a nude sold at Christie's in London for £13,750 in 2012 and then sold again for £32,500 on 4 September 2014 as part of 'The Neil Wilson Collection: A Romantic Vision' (Sale 5928). Stronach was also a mural and church decorator and stained glass designer. Later a stage performer with "Ancell and His 40 Painted Pigeons".

paragraph_text: The Royal Academy of Arts was founded through a personal act of King George III on 10 December 1768 with a mission to promote the arts of design in Britain through education and exhibition. The motive in founding the Academy was twofold: to raise the professional status of the artist by establishing a sound system of training and expert judgement in the arts, and to arrange the exhibition of contemporary works of art attaining an appropriate standard of excellence. Supporters wanted to foster a national school of art and to encourage appreciation and interest among the public based on recognised canons of good taste.

paragraph_text: Alexander George Fraser (1786–1865) was a Scottish genre and domestic painter who exhibited his paintings at the Royal Academy in London for many years. His son, Alexander Fraser (1827-1899), was also a prominent artist with whom he is sometimes confused (and his paintings are sometimes misidentified as being by his son).

paragraph_text: He was elected to the British Royal British Academy in 1909. In 1910-11, he painted mountains and lakes in Argentina and Chile. He lived in San Francisco around 1900 and again around 1915. He was an avid traveller, but spent the last two years of his life in Hawaii, where he painted landscapes including dramatic volcano scenes. Ernest William Christmas died in Honolulu in 1918.

paragraph_text: Ramsgate Sands, also known as Life at the Seaside, is an oil-on-canvas painting by William Powell Frith, made in 1852 to 1854, which depicts a beach scene in Ramsgate. The painting was Frith's first great commercial success: it was exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1854, and bought by Queen Victoria. Frith made a series of similar pictures, showing groups of people in contemporary scenes, including "The Derby Day" of 1858, and "The Railway Station" of 1862 and "Private View at the Royal Academy of 1883.

paragraph_text: Kadishman artworks are presented in central locations in Israel, such as Habima Square and his paintings can be found in many different galleries in Israel. He is most famous for his metallic sculptures and colorful sheep paintings.

Question: When did the founding member of the royal academy of painting and sculpture die?
Answer: 1820