paragraph_text: Seth Roberts was a professor of psychology at Tsinghua University in Beijing and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the author of the bestselling book "The Shangri-La Diet", and a prolific blogger. He was well known for his work in self-experimentation which led to many discoveries, including his diet, multiple publications and a popular blog.

paragraph_text: Sonu Shamdasani (born 1962) is a London-based author, editor, and professor at University College London. His writings focus on Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), and cover the history of psychiatry and psychology from the mid-nineteenth century to current times.

paragraph_text: Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (German: Gestalt (ɡəˈʃtalt) ``shape, form '') is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self - organizing tendencies. The assumed physiological mechanisms on which Gestalt theory rests are poorly defined and support for their existence is lacking. The Gestalt theory of perception has been criticized as being descriptive of the end products of perception without providing much insight into the processes that lead to perception. In the introduction to a 2016 special issue of the journal Vision Research on Gestalt perception, the authors concluded that`` even though they study the same phenomena as earlier Gestaltists, there is little theoretical coherence. What happened to the Gestalt school that always aspired to provide a unified vision of psychology? Perhaps there is, in fact, little that holds the classic phenomena of Gestalt psychology together.''

paragraph_text: Jonathan David Haidt (; born October 19, 1963) is an American social psychologist, Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University's Stern School of Business, and author. His main areas of study are the psychology of morality and the moral emotions.

paragraph_text: Freud used the term psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (libido) in an organically complex brain. The idea for this came from his first year adviser, Ernst von Brücke at the University of Vienna, who held the view that all living organisms, including humans, are basically energy - systems to which the principle of the conservation of energy applies. This principle states that ``the total amount of energy in any given physical system is always constant, that energy quanta can be changed but not annihilated, and that consequently when energy is moved from one part of the system, it must reappear in another part. ''This principle is at the very root of Freud's ideas, whereby libido, which is primarily seen as sexual energy, is transformed into other behaviours. However, it is now clear that the term energy in physics means something quite different from the term energy in relation to mental functioning.

paragraph_text: Robert Kenneth Ressler (February 21, 1937 -- May 5, 2013) was an FBI agent and author. He played a significant role in the psychological profiling of violent offenders in the 1970s and is often credited with coining the term ``serial killer. ''After retiring from the FBI, he authored a number of books on serial murders, and often gave lectures on criminology.

paragraph_text: Theodore Mead Newcomb (July 24, 1903 – December 28, 1984) was an American social psychologist, professor and author. Newcomb led the Bennington College Study, which looked at the influence of the college experience on social and political beliefs. He was also the first to document the effects of proximity on acquaintance and attraction. Newcomb founded and directed the doctoral program in social psychology at the University of Michigan. A "Review of General Psychology" survey, published in 2002, ranked Newcomb as the 57th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

paragraph_text: Jean-Paul Mari (born 1950) is an award-winning French author and journalist. He was born in 1950 in Algiers, leaving his birthplace at the age of 11. He studied psychology and worked as a physiotherapist at a hospital in Toulouse. He has since done stints as a radio host, radio reporter and print journalist. Since 1985, he has been attached with "Le Nouvel Observateur".

paragraph_text: Eleanor Rosch (once known as Eleanor Rosch Heider; born 1938) is a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, specializing in cognitive psychology and primarily known for her work on categorization, in particular her prototype theory, which has profoundly influenced the field of cognitive psychology.

paragraph_text: Jeanne Tsai is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Stanford University and director of the Culture and Emotion Lab. Her research focuses on cultural influences on basic psychological and social processes related to emotion. She was born to Taiwanese immigrants.

paragraph_text: The Principles of Scientific Management The Principles of Scientific Management Author Frederick Winslow Taylor Subject Scientific management Genre Monograph Publisher Harper & Brothers Publication date 1911 Pages 144

paragraph_text: William H. Tucker is an American psychologist. He is professor of psychology at Rutgers University and the author of several books critical of race science.

paragraph_text: In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church.

paragraph_text: The Culture of Make Believe is a non-fiction book by Derrick Jensen, first published in 2002. In the book the author explores the origins of human destructiveness, primarily through the lens of racism, using historical, psychological, sociological, anthropological, and personal anecdotes as tools for understanding.

paragraph_text: Born in Brooklyn, Cohen received his bachelor's degree in 1963 from Columbia College of Columbia University, and his doctorate in clinical psychology from University of Michigan in 1968. He went on to teach clinical psychology and individual differences/evolutionary psychology at the University of Texas at Austin.

paragraph_text: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

paragraph_text: The Principles of Psychology is an 1890 book about psychology by William James, an American philosopher and psychologist who trained to be a physician before going into psychology. There are four methods from James' book: stream of consciousness (James' most famous psychological metaphor); emotion (later known as the James–Lange theory); habit (human habits are constantly formed to achieve certain results); and will (through James' personal experiences in life).

paragraph_text: Ann Weiser Cornell (born Ann Weiser on October 6, 1949 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American author, educator, and worldwide authority on Focusing, the self-inquiry psychotherapeutic technique developed by Eugene Gendlin. She has written several definitive books on Focusing, including "The Power of Focusing: A Practical Guide to Emotional Self-Healing", "The Focusing Student's and Companion's Manual", and "Focusing in Clinical Practice". Cornell has taught Focusing around the world since 1980, and has developed a system and technique called Inner Relationship Focusing. She is also a past president of the Association for Humanistic Psychology.

paragraph_text: The context principle is one of Gottlob Frege's ``three fundamental principles ''for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term contextualism in epistemology or ethics. This view need not be contrasted with the view that the meanings of words or expressions can (or must) be determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, which is often referred to as compositionalism.

paragraph_text: Karin Alvtegen (born 8 June 1965, Huskvarna, Sweden) is a Swedish author of crime fiction. Alvtegen's psychological thrillers are generally set in Sweden. Four of her books have been translated into English: "Missing", "Betrayal", "Shadow" and "Shame".

Question: When was the author of the Principles of Psychology born?
Answer: 1842