paragraph_text: First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. Choosing Beijing as the capital had not been a straightforward decision, since no major Chinese dynasty had directly taken over its immediate predecessor's capital. Keeping the Ming capital and bureaucracy intact helped quickly stabilize the regime and sped up the conquest of the rest of the country. However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular nor easily implemented.

paragraph_text: The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.

paragraph_text: The indigenous inhabitants of Abuja are the Gbagyi (Gwari) as the major language, Bassa, Gwandara, Gade, Ganagana, Koro etc. In light of the ethnic and religious divisions of Nigeria, plans had been devised since Nigeria's independence to have its capital in a place deemed neutral to all major ethnic parties, and also in close proximity to all the regions of Nigeria. The location was eventually designated in the centre of the country in the early 1970s as it signified neutrality and national unity. Another impetus for Abuja came because of Lagos' population boom that made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid. As Lagos was already undergoing rapid economic development, the Nigerian regime felt the need to expand the economy towards the inner part of the country, and hence decided to move its capital to Abuja. The logic used was similar to the way Brazil planned its capital, Brasília. The decision to move to Abuja was made by General Murtala Mohammed in 1976. Construction started in the late 1970s but, due to economic and political instability, the initial stages of the city were not complete until the late 1980s.

paragraph_text: Date Event 2500 Ma Great Oxygenation Event led by cyanobacteria's oxygenic photosynthesis. Commencement of plate tectonics with old marine crust dense enough to subduct. 2000 Ma Diversification and expansion of acritarchs. By 1850 Ma Eukaryotic cells appear. Eukaryotes contain membrane - bound organelles with diverse functions, probably derived from prokaryotes engulfing each other via phagocytosis. (See Symbiogenesis and Endosymbiont). Bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) emerge before, or soon after, the divergence of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages. The appearance of red beds show that an oxidising atmosphere had been produced. Incentives now favoured the spread of eukaryotic life. 1400 Ma Great increase in stromatolite diversity. By 1200 Ma Meiosis and sexual reproduction are present in single - celled eukaryotes, and possibly in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes. Sex may even have arisen earlier in the RNA world. Sexual reproduction first appears in the fossil records; it may have increased the rate of evolution. 800 Ma First multicellular organism may have arisen. 750 Ma First protozoa (ex: Melanocyrillium) 850 -- 630 Ma A global glaciation may have occurred. Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the rate of evolution. 600 Ma The accumulation of atmospheric oxygen allows the formation of an ozone layer. Prior to this, land - based life would probably have required other chemicals to attenuate ultraviolet radiation enough to permit colonisation of the land. 580 -- 542 Ma The Ediacara biota represent the first large, complex multicellular organisms -- although their affinities remain a subject of debate. 580 -- 500 Ma Most modern phyla of animals begin to appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion. 560 Ma Earliest fungi 550 Ma First fossil evidence for Ctenophora (comb jellies), Porifera (sponges), Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones)

paragraph_text: Designated MA-31 in US service, the first launch of the missile took place in August 1996. Evaluated against an improved MQM-8, the MA-31 proved superior and a contract for 34 production missiles was placed in 1999.

paragraph_text: Ma Xifan was born in 899, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, as the fourth son of the warlord Ma Yin. At that time, Ma Yin had just taken control of Tan Prefecture (in modern Changsha, Hunan) following the assassination of Ma Yin's predecessor Liu Jianfeng, and was not yet fully in control of Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered at Tan Prefecture), which would eventually become the central circuit for the Chu state, but was in the process of gradually consolidating his control. Ma Xifan's mother was a Lady Chen, who was Ma Yin's concubine, not his wife — as Ma Yin's first son, Ma Xizhen (馬希振), was said to be born of his wife, who was not named in historical sources. (Lady Chen later bore at least one younger son among Ma Yin's at least 35 sons, Ma Xiguang.) Ma Xifan and his brother, Ma Yin's second son Ma Xisheng, were born on the same day, but Ma Xisheng was born earlier on that day. (Another brother, unnamed in historical sources, was therefore likely born on the same day of a different mother, between Ma Xisheng's and Ma Xifan's births.)

paragraph_text: Andrew Ingraham (New Bedford, MA, USA, 19 December 1841– Cambridge, MA, USA, 6 August 1905) was Headmaster of Swain School before 1903.

paragraph_text: Currently, only 50% of realized capital gains are taxable in Canada at an individual's tax rate. Some exceptions apply, such as selling one's primary residence which may be exempt from taxation. Capital gains made by investments in a Tax - Free Savings Account (TFSA) are not taxed.

paragraph_text: Ma Zhanhai (, died 1932) was a Chinese Muslim Battalion Commander who was killed in action during the Qinghai Tibet War which was part of the Sino-Tibetan War. He served in Ma Bufang's Qinghai army.

paragraph_text: Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.

paragraph_text: The Ma River (, Lao: "Nam Ma") is a river in Asia, originating in northwestern Vietnam. It runs for 400 km through Vietnam, Laos, and then back through Vietnam, meeting the sea at the Gulf of Tonkin.

paragraph_text: The son of poets George Barker and Elizabeth Smart, Sebastian Barker was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, Corpus Christi, Oxford (MA), and at the University of East Anglia (MA).

paragraph_text: Period or supereon Extinction Date Possible causes Quaternary Holocene extinction c. 10,000 BCE -- Ongoing Humans Quaternary extinction event 640,000, 74,000, and 13,000 years ago Unknown; may include climate changes, massive volcanic eruptions and human overhunting Neogene Pliocene -- Pleistocene boundary extinction 2 Ma Supernova? Eltanin impact? Middle Miocene disruption 14.5 Ma -- climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns and perhaps related to the Milankovitch cycles?. Paleogene Eocene -- Oligocene extinction event 33.9 Ma Popigai impactor? Cretaceous Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma Chicxulub impactor; Deccan Traps? Cenomanian - Turonian boundary event 94 Ma Caribbean large igneous province Aptian extinction 117 Ma Jurassic End - Jurassic (Tithonian) extinction 145 Ma Toarcian turnover 183 Ma Karoo - Ferrar Provinces Triassic Triassic -- Jurassic extinction event 201 Ma Central Atlantic magmatic province; impactor Carnian Pluvial Event 230 Ma Wrangellia flood basalts Permian Permian -- Triassic extinction event 252 Ma Siberian Traps; Wilkes Land Crater; Anoxic event End - Capitanian extinction event 260 Ma Emeishan Traps? Olson's Extinction 270 Ma Carboniferous Carboniferous rainforest collapse 305 Ma Devonian Late Devonian extinction 375 -- 360 Ma Viluy Traps Silurian Lau event 420 Ma Changes in sea level and chemistry? Mulde event 424 Ma Global drop in sea level? Ireviken event 428 Ma Deep - ocean anoxia; Milankovitch cycles? Ordovician Ordovician -- Silurian extinction events 450 -- 440 Ma Global cooling and sea level drop; Gamma - ray burst? Cambrian Cambrian -- Ordovician extinction event 488 Ma Dresbachian extinction event 502 Ma End - Botomian extinction event 517 Ma Precambrian End - Ediacaran extinction 542 Ma Great Oxygenation Event 2400 Ma Rising oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to the development of photosynthesis

paragraph_text: Michael Gunder is an Associate Professor in the School of Architecture and Planning at The University of Auckland, and is a past president of the New Zealand Planning Institute. He has a BA (Sociology), MA (Planning) and PhD in Planning. In 2011 he was made a Fellow of the New Zealand Planning Institute. He is the Managing Editor of the academic journal Planning Theory.

paragraph_text: The National Workers Memorial in the national capital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, is Australia's place for honouring workers who have died as a result of work-related accidents, incidents and disease.

paragraph_text: Alpha Industries is an American clothing manufacturer founded in 1959 in Knoxville, Tennessee. Initially a contractor to the United States military, the company grew into an international commercial seller of American military style and fashion apparel. Alpha makes items such as flight jackets and vests, and has made jackets for the military of the United States like the M65 Jacket for over half a century. The jackets are made for men and women, as well as children. Popular models include the MA-1 and CWU-45/P pilot jackets.

paragraph_text: Ma Yanhong (; born March 21, 1964 in Beijing, China) (also reported in some media as July 5, 1963) is a retired Chinese Olympic athlete. She was the first Chinese gymnast, male or female, to win a gold medal at the World Gymnastics Championships and the Olympic Games.

paragraph_text: Paek Son-haeng (1848 November – 1933) was a Korean businesswoman known for her philanthropy. The name "Son Haeng" means virtuous deeds, and was a nickname bestowed on her due to her contributions. North Korean sources claim that she was born in modern-day Chung-kuyŏk, Pyongyang, but South Korean sources claim that she was born in Suwon. She was widowed at the age of 16 or 20, and spent the rest of her life saving money while spending very little. Regardless of her place of birth, she spent most of her life in Pyongyang, where most of her donations were made.

paragraph_text: Gopaler Ma (translation: Mother of Gopala, an epithet for Sri Krishna) (1822 – 8 July 1906) was a devotee and a householder disciple of Sri Ramakrishna, the saint and mystic from Bengal. Her birth name was Aghoremani Devi, but she came to be known as Gopaler Ma among the devotees of Sri Ramakrishna, owing to her intense motherly love for Sri Ramakrishna as "Gopala" or baby Krishna. She was famous for her divine visions of Lord Krishna as a baby and her devotion to the ideals of Sri Ramakrishna. In her later years she was very close to Swami Vivekananda and Sister Nivedita. She spent the last few years of her life with Sister Nivedita.

paragraph_text: Gaulter won a place at University of Cambridge in 1994 where she was awarded an MA in Physics, gaining the University's top marks for the final year presentation project. While studying, she also broadcast on hospital radio, which forged her interest in weather broadcasting.

Question: Who made the birthplace of Ma Yanhong their capital?
Answer: Dorgon