paragraph_text: The Jordan Medical Journal is a peer-reviewed medical journal that is published by the University of Jordan Deanship of Scientific Research and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Jordan.

paragraph_text: Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal within the field of mathematics education. The journal is published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, and it appears five times a year (in January, March, May, July and November). The journal is paginated by volume.

paragraph_text: Goldsborough was born at "Myrtle Grove" near Easton, Maryland. He was educated by private tutors and graduated from St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland in 1795. Afterwards, he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and also served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1804. During the War of 1812, Goldsborough commanded a troop of horsemen in the Maryland Militia.

paragraph_text: The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences. Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm. Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

paragraph_text: Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education. Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,627 Title IV degree - granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country. These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for - profit colleges. Higher education in the United States is loosely regulated by a number of third - party organizations that vary in quality.

paragraph_text: The Horsemen is a 1971 Eastmancolor in a Panavision film starring Omar Sharif, directed by John Frankenheimer; screenplay by Dalton Trumbo. Based on a novel by French writer Joseph Kessel, "Les Cavaliers" ("The Horsemen") shows Afghanistan and its people the way they were before the wars that wracked the country, particularly their love for the sport of buzkashi. The film was filmed in Afghanistan and Spain.

paragraph_text: The Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by the Hashemite University and Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Jordan). It was established in 2007 and covers the field of engineering, including computational fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, mechatronics, and renewable energy. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus.

paragraph_text: The five - day - long session, from 3 to 7 January 2011, at the Campus of SRM University, Chennai was inaugurated by prime minister Manmohan Singh on 3 January 2011. The focal theme of this session was: ``Quality education and excellence in scientific research in Indian universities ''. The prime minister said:`` The Indian scientific community must apply its research findings and translate them into marketable products for the country to realize the true benefits of scientific progress. At the same time, he cautioned on ``illiberal'' uses of technology and cited use of nuclear weapons, applications of synthetic chemistry in agriculture and in poison gases and`` perverse use ''of genetics in Nazi Germany to drive home his point.

paragraph_text: British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women's status, social mobility, even numbers of patents issued) in countries and states with higher inequality. Using statistics from 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels of equality, than in countries (US and UK) and states (Mississippi and New York) with large differences in household income.

paragraph_text: The Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas ("Center for Research and Teaching in Economics"; CIDE) is a Mexican center of research and higher education, specialized in the fields of social sciences, with an international-grade level of excellence. It is financed with public resources. It is considered one of Mexico's top think tanks.

paragraph_text: Gašo Knežević (; 15 September 1953 – 14 March 2014) was a Serbian law scholar and professor at the University of Belgrade's Law School. He served as the Minister of Education and Sports in the Government of Serbia from 2001 to 2004. He also served as the Minister of Higher and High Education in the transitional government from 2000 to 2001.

paragraph_text: Geneviève Fioraso is a French politician, representative of the first district of Isère since June 2007, and a member of the Socialist Party. On 16 May 2012 she was appointed Minister for Higher Education and Research in the French government of Jean-Marc Ayrault.

paragraph_text: London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education

paragraph_text: The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) is India's leading recognized professional society devoted to the advancement of science, technology, electronics, telecommunication and information technology. Founded in 1953, it serves more than 70,000+ members through 60+ centers/sub centers primarily located in India (3 abroad). The Institution provides leadership in scientific and technical areas of direct importance to the national development and economy. Association of Indian Universities (AIU), Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has recognized AMIETE, ALCCS (Advanced Level Course in Computer Science). Government of India has recognized IETE as a Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (SIRO) and also notified as an educational institution of national eminence. The IETE focuses on advancement of electronics and telecommunication technology. The IETE conducts and sponsors technical meetings, conferences, symposium, and exhibitions all over India, publishes technical and research journals and provides continuing education as well as career advancement opportunities to its members.

paragraph_text: Functional Materials is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute for Single Crystals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The journal was established in 1994 and covers fundamental and applied research on organic and non-organic functional materials. "Functional Materials" has been included in the list of scientific journals recognized by the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine.

paragraph_text: Regardless of the way the tension between universities, individual scientists, and the scientific revolution itself is perceived, there was a discernible impact on the way that university education was constructed. Aristotelian epistemology provided a coherent framework not simply for knowledge and knowledge construction, but also for the training of scholars within the higher education setting. The creation of new scientific constructs during the scientific revolution, and the epistemological challenges that were inherent within this creation, initiated the idea of both the autonomy of science and the hierarchy of the disciplines. Instead of entering higher education to become a "general scholar" immersed in becoming proficient in the entire curriculum, there emerged a type of scholar that put science first and viewed it as a vocation in itself. The divergence between those focused on science and those still entrenched in the idea of a general scholar exacerbated the epistemological tensions that were already beginning to emerge.

paragraph_text: State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland (Polish: "Komitet Badań Naukowych" - KBN) was an organisational unit operating 1991 to 2005 as the supreme authority within the Ministry of Science and Higher Education regarding State policy in the field of science and technology.

paragraph_text: Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Higher Education Emblem of Egypt Agency overview Formed 9 November 1961; 56 years ago (1961 - 11 - 09) Jurisdiction Egypt Headquarters Cairo Agency executive Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Minister Website Official website

paragraph_text: The Journal of Diversity in Higher Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education. The journal, established in 2008, "offers research findings, theory, and promising practices to help guide the efforts of institutions of higher education in the pursuit of inclusive excellence." The current editor-in-chief is Kimberly A. Griffin of the University of Maryland, College Park.

paragraph_text: The height of Lebanese immigration into Egypt occurred between the 19th and early 20th centuries. As Lebanon was part of Ottoman Syria during this time, Christians from all over the Levant (modern-day Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine) were immigrating to Egypt as one "Shawam" (شوام), or "Levantine" group. Hence, an umbrella term for their community is "Syro-Lebanese". The number of Lebanese Christians in Egypt grew drastically during the 1860 Lebanon conflict, in which thousands of Christians were killed along with hundreds of their villages destroyed. The vast majority of Lebanese and other Levantine migrants who arrived in Egypt were well-educated and French-speaking.

Question: Who is the minister of higher education and scientific research in the country of citizenship of The Horsemen cast member?
Answer: Khaled Abdel Ghaffar