paragraph_text: William Nicholas Watson (born 18 April 1962 in Baghdad, Iraq) is an English chess player who holds the title Grandmaster.

paragraph_text: Yanks Ahoy is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Kurt Neumann and written by Earle Snell and Clarence Marks. The film stars William Tracy, Joe Sawyer, Marjorie Woodworth, Minor Watson and Frank Faylen. The film was released on June 29, 1943, by United Artists.

paragraph_text: Watson competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He took sixteenth place with a total time of 1:50:01.16. In 2001 he placed 3rd at the World Championships at Edmonton, Canada. He also won the ITU World Cup race in Rennes, France and for a time was ranked number one in the world.

paragraph_text: Babylonian mathematics refers to any mathematics of the peoples of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the days of the early Sumerians through the Hellenistic period almost to the dawn of Christianity. The majority of Babylonian mathematical work comes from two widely separated periods: The first few hundred years of the second millennium BC (Old Babylonian period), and the last few centuries of the first millennium BC (Seleucid period). It is named Babylonian mathematics due to the central role of Babylon as a place of study. Later under the Arab Empire, Mesopotamia, especially Baghdad, once again became an important center of study for Islamic mathematics.

paragraph_text: In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

paragraph_text: Sir Brook Watson, 1st Baronet (7 February 1735 – 2 October 1807) was a British merchant, soldier, and later Lord Mayor of London. He is perhaps most famous as the subject of John Singleton Copley's painting "Watson and the Shark, "which depicts a shark attack on Watson as a boy that resulted in the loss of his right leg below the knee.

paragraph_text: Election Candidate Running mate Votes Vote% Electoral votes + / - Outcome of election 1892 James B. Weaver James G. Field 1,026,595 8.51 22 / 444 New Lost 1896 -- Thomas E. Watson 222,583 1.59 27 / 447 5 Lost 1900 Wharton Barker Ignatius L. Donnelly 50,989 0.36 0 / 447 27 Lost 1904 Thomas E. Watson Thomas Tibbles 114,070 0.84 0 / 476 0 Lost 1908 Thomas E. Watson Samuel Williams 28,862 0.19 0 / 483 0 Lost

paragraph_text: Marcel Griaule (16 May 1898 – 23 February 1956) was a French anthropologist known for his studies of the Dogon people of West Africa, and for pioneering ethnographic field studies in France. He worked together with Germaine Dieterlen and Jean Rouch on African subjects.

paragraph_text: The Watson Family is the title of a recording by American folk music artist Doc Watson and The Watson Family, originally released in 1963.

paragraph_text: New Testament Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press under the auspices of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas. The scope of the journal are short studies and articles on issues pertaining to the origins, history, and theology of early Christianity and the New Testament, including studies in its history of interpretation and effects. The editor is Francis Watson (University of Durham).

paragraph_text: José Arpa y Perea, 1858–1952, was an artist of Spanish birth who worked in Spain, Mexico, and Texas and was noted for his Costumbrista studies and his landscapes of Texas.

paragraph_text: The computer system was initially developed to answer questions on the quiz show Jeopardy! and, in 2011, the Watson computer system competed on Jeopardy! against legendary champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings winning the first place prize of $1 million.

paragraph_text: The Mark IV was built by six manufacturers: Metropolitan (the majority builder), Fosters of Lincoln, Armstrong-Whitworth, Coventry Ordnance Works, William Beardmore and Company and Mirrlees, Watson & Co., with the main production being in 1917. The first order was placed for 1,000 tanks with Metropolitan in August 1916. It was then cancelled, reinstated and then modified between August and December 1916. The other manufacturers, contracted for no more than 100 tanks each, were largely immune to the conflict between Stern and the War Office.

paragraph_text: Since then, he has published a summary of the history of geology in Canada, and short biographies of Canadian geologists. Another Canadian geologist Joseph William Winthrop Spencer (1851–1921; born in Dundas, ON) was the subject of a more extensive study. He has also published historical studies of geologists elected the Royal Society of Canada during its first fifty years, and the history of the earth sciences during the twentieth century. During the last five years he has studied the source of the stone used for building in nineteenth-century southern Ontario.

paragraph_text: Romero tells Norma that he'll help her with the Jake situation. Norma reveals to Norman a secret: when she was a teenager, her brother forced her to have sex with him. Norman and Emma decide to go to the school winter dance as friends. At the dance, Norman repeatedly eyes Bradley, causing a heartbroken Emma to storm out and Bradley's jealous boyfriend to punch Norman. Miss Watson offers to tend to Norman's injured eye and takes him back to her place. Meanwhile, Norma witnesses Romero shoot and kill Jake. At Miss Watson's home, Norman observes his teacher stripping off to change. A hallucination of Norma convinces Norman that Miss Watson is seducing him. Norman rushes home where he tells Norma that Miss Watson was going to drive him, but the next thing he remembers is running home. Miss Watson's corpse is shown with her throat slashed, wearing a ``B ''necklace, hinting that she may be Bradley's father's secret lover.

paragraph_text: Joseph Benson Gilder (June 29, 1858 – December 9, 1936) was an American editor. He was the brother of Richard Watson Gilder and Jeannette Leonard Gilder and the explorer William Henry Gilder.

paragraph_text: Josef Kolmaš, a sinologist, Tibetologist, and Professor of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, writes that it was during the Qing dynasty "that developments took place on the basis of which Tibet came to be considered an organic part of China, both practically and theoretically subject to the Chinese central government." Yet he states that this was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations.

paragraph_text: The International Who's Who in Music is a biographical dictionary and directory originally published by the International Biographical Centre located in Cambridge, England. It contains only biographies of persons living at the time of publication and includes composers, performers, writers, and some music librarians. The biographies included are solicited from the subjects themselves and generally include date and place of birth, contact information as well as biographical background and achievements.

paragraph_text: Frederick Corder continued his studies at the Royal Academy of Music, where he studied with George Alexander Macfarren (harmony and composition), William Cusins (piano) and William Watson (violin). In 1875, he earned a Mendelssohn Scholarship, which enabled him to study for four years abroad. He spent the first three in the Cologne Conservatory in Cologne, where he studied composition with Ferdinand Hiller and piano with Isidor Seiss. He spent his last year in Milan, without formal instruction. He did however meet Arrigo Boito and Giuseppe Verdi. Upon his return to England, in 1879, he became conductor at the Brighton Aquarium. In August 1884, for a single month, he filled in for William Robinson as a musical director for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, touring "Patience" and "Iolanthe".

paragraph_text: During the first half of the twentieth century, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism, which rejected introspective methods and sought to understand behavior by only measuring observable behaviors and events. It was not until the 1930s that B.F. Skinner suggested that private events -- including thoughts and feelings -- should be subjected to the same controlling variables as observable behavior, which became the basis for his philosophy called radical behaviorism. While Watson and Ivan Pavlov investigated the stimulus - response procedures of classical conditioning, Skinner assessed the controlling nature of consequences and also its' potential effect on the antecedents (or discriminative stimuli) that strengthens behavior; the technique became known as operant conditioning.

Question: Under the Arab Empire, what subject was studied in the city where William Watson was later born?
Answer: Islamic mathematics