paragraph_text: The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1920 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur. But as per the version of CPI (M), the Communist Party of India was founded in Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 17 October 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the Communist International. The founding members of the party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's wife), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof (Abani's wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmed of Bhopal and M.P.B.T. Aacharya, and Sultan Ahmed Khan Tarin of North - West Frontier Province. The CPI says that there were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world and the Tashkent group was only one of. contacts with Anushilan and Jugantar groups in Bengal. Small communist groups were formed in Bengal (led by Muzaffar Ahmed), Bombay (led by S.A. Dange), Madras (led by Singaravelu Chettiar), United Provinces (led by Shaukat Usmani) and Punjab and Sindh (led by Ghulam Hussain). However, only Usmani became a CPI party member.

paragraph_text: Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: "Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda", Acehnese: "Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: "Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh") is the airport located 13,5 kilometres southeast of the capital of Aceh province, Banda Aceh. It is named after the twelfth sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. This airport was formerly called Blangbintang Airport (Indonesian: Bandara Blangbintang), referred to its location in a subdistrict with same name. This airport is listed as the 23rd busiest airport in Indonesia.

paragraph_text: Yang Dipertuan Besar Syarif Kasim Abdul Jalil Saifuddin or Sultan Syarif Kasim II (Jawi: ; born in Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, Riau, 1 December 1893 - died in Rumbai, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia, 23 April 1968) was the 12th sultan of the Sultanate of Siak. He was crowned as the sultan at the age of 23 succeeding his father Sultan Syarif Hasyim. Sultan Syarif Kasim II was a supporter of the independence struggle in Indonesia. After Indonesia proclaimed independence, he ceded Siak Sultanate to be part of united Indonesia, and he contributed his wealth of 13 million guilders (equivalent to 151 million guilders or € 69 million euros in 2011). for a number of republican government causes. Together with the Sultan of Serdang, he also tried to persuade other kings of East Sumatra to join the republic cause.

paragraph_text: Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (1767–1852) was the 8th Sultan of the Palembang Sultanate and is now regarded as a National Hero of Indonesia.

paragraph_text: In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf.

paragraph_text: Bombay, now called Mumbai, Bombaim in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world. At the time of arrival of the Portuguese, current Bombay was an archipelago of seven islands. Between the third century BCE and 1348, the islands came under the control of successive Hindu dynasties. The Muslim rulers of Gujarat, who had been ruling current Thane and Vasai for a few decades, annexed the islands in 1348, that were later governed by the Gujarat Sultanate from 1391 to 1534. Growing apprehensive of the power of the Mughal emperor Humayun, Sultan Bahadur Shah of the Gujarat Sultanate was obliged to sign the Treaty of Bassein with the Portuguese Empire on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the seven islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of Bassein and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.

paragraph_text: The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khilji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1321, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur, Allaudin Khilji's general. During this period, Alauddin Khilji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golkonda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty until 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau, with Gulbarga, 200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad, as its capital. The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.

paragraph_text: Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed al-Muwali () aka Khadr al-Sabahi is a former senior member of the Iraqi Ba'ath Party. Ahmed currently has a million dollar bounty placed on his head as one of Iraq's most wanted men accused of funding and leading resistance operations. He is the leader of al-Awda; an underground Ba'athist movement in Iraq.

paragraph_text: Lahej was sultanate of the 'Abdali dynasty. In 1740 the 'Abdali sultan became independent. It became independent thanks to the fracturing of the Zaidi State in north Yemen. The Sultanate of Lahej became an independent entity, from 1728 to 1839.

paragraph_text: Murad IV (, "Murād-ı Rābiʿ"; 26/27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad IV was born in Istanbul, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and Kösem Sultan. He was brought to power by a palace conspiracy in 1623, and he succeeded his uncle Mustafa I (r. 1617–18, 1622–23). He was only 11 when he ascended the throne. His reign is most notable for the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39), of which the outcome would permanently part the Caucasus between the two Imperial powers for around two centuries, while it also roughly laid the foundation for the current Turkey–Iran–Iraq borders.

paragraph_text: This was the final conflict of the four Anglo -- Mysore Wars. The British captured the capital of Mysore. The ruler Tipu Sultan was killed in the battle. Britain took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the Wodeyar Dynasty to the Mysore throne (with a British commissioner to advise him on all issues). Tipu Sultan's young heir, Fateh Ali, was sent into exile. The Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India and ceded Coimbatore, Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada to the British.

paragraph_text: Sultan Ahmed (born June 18, 1977 in Karachi) is a Pakistan-born Omani cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and Wicketkeeper. He has made several appearances as a batsman in the 2005 ICC Trophy, and has also played first-class cricket and List A cricket for Karachi teams. He was the captain of Oman team when they qualified for ICC T20 World Cup 2016 which is to be played in India in March-April. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Oman against Afghanistan in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament on 25 July 2015.

paragraph_text: Khokhrapar () is located inside Malir Town Karachi, Sindh, origin of the name "Khokhra par" goes back to the days when Mohajirs (immigrants) from partition time came to this place, most of them crossed the border of India to newly founded country of Pakistan from Khokhra Par, Sindh and found this area significantly resembling with original Khokhra Par because its dry and desert like surroundings were quite similar in nature to what they earlier came across during their exodus, therefore they ended up naming it the same, latter it was attempted to officially renamed as "Azam Colony" in honor of then Governor of West Pakistan Lieutenant General Muhammad Azam Khan (1908–1994) by the Government but the earlier name "Khokhra Par" remained more prominent and popular.

paragraph_text: Ahmed III (Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث, Aḥmed-i sālis) (30/31 December 1673 – 1 July 1736) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–87). His mother was Gülnuş Sultan, originally named Evmania Voria, who was an ethnic Greek. He was born at Hacıoğlu Pazarcık, in Dobruja. He succeeded to the throne in 1703 on the abdication of his brother Mustafa II (1695–1703). Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha and the Sultan's daughter, Fatma Sultan (wife of the former) directed the government from 1718 to 1730, a period referred to as the Tulip Era.

paragraph_text: Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Nur-Sultan, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331,710. The population of "Pavlodar" is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.

paragraph_text: Sultan Ahmed Ismail (born 9 October 1951) is an Indian soil biologist and ecologist. His work has centred on techniques for recycling biodegradable waste into fertilizer using local varieties of earthworms, and on soil bioremediation.

paragraph_text: Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on 13 May 1905 at the Hauz Qazi area of Old Delhi, India. His father, Col. Zalnur Ali Ahmed, was the first indigenous Assamese person and the first indigenous person from northeast India to have an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) degree. His mother, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was a daughter of the Nawab of Loharu. Ahmed's grandfather, Khaliluddin Ali Ahmed, was from Kacharighat near Golaghat, Assam, and hailed from a well-known indigenous Assamese Muslim family. He married with an indigenous Assamese Muslim girl named Begam Abida Ahmed of Assam.Ahmed attended St. Stephen's College, Delhi, and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar from the Inner Temple of London and began legal practice in the Lahore High Court in 1928.

paragraph_text: Champaner (ચાંપાનેર), formarly known as Muhammadpur, is a historical city in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat.

paragraph_text: Seljuk Empire آلِ سلجوق Āl - e Saljuq 1037 -- 1194 Seljuq Empire at its greatest extent in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I Capital Nishapur (1037 -- 1043) Rey (1043 -- 1051) Isfahan (1051 -- 1118) Merv, Eastern capital (1118 -- 1153) Hamadan, Western capital (1118 -- 1194) Languages Persian (official & court language; lingua franca) Oghuz Turkish (dynastic and military) Arabic (language of law, theology and science) Religion Sunni Islam (Hanafi) Government Sultanate Sultan 1037 -- 1063 Toghrul I (first) 1174 -- 1194 Toghrul III (last) History Tughril formed the state system 1037 Battle of Dandanaqan 1040 Battle of Manzikert 1071 First Crusade 1095 -- 1099 Battle of Qatwan 1141 Replaced by the Khwarezmian Empire 1194 Area 1080 est. 3,900,000 km (1,500,000 sq mi) Preceded by Succeeded by Oghuz Yabgu State Ghaznavids Buyid dynasty Byzantine Empire Kakuyids Sultanate of Rûm Anatolian beyliks Ghurid Dynasty Khwarezmian Empire Ayyubid dynasty Atabegs of Azerbaijan Burid dynasty Zengid dynasty Danishmends Artuqid dynasty Saltukids Shah - Armens Shaddadids

paragraph_text: Ismihan Sultan (; 1545 – 7 August 1585) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Selim II (reign 1566–74) and Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (reign 1520–66) and his favourite consort and legal wife Hürrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III (reign 1574–95) and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III (reign 1595–1603).

Question: What is Sultan Ahmed's birthplace the capitol of?
Answer: West Pakistan