paragraph_text: Mark Schilling (born 1949 in Zanesville, Ohio) is an American film critic, journalist, translator, and author based in Tokyo, Japan. He has written for "The Japan Times", "Variety", and "Screen International".

paragraph_text: John Ross Macduff (23 May 1818 – 30 April 1895) was a Scottish divine and a prolific author of religious essays. He published many practical and devotional works which attained a wide circulation.

paragraph_text: Daniel Robert Odier (born in 1945 in Geneva), also known by his pseudonym Delacorta, is a Swiss author and screenwriter. Praised by Anaïs Nin as "an outstanding writer and a dazzling poet," he is also a prolific writer on Eastern religious traditions, especially Tantra.

paragraph_text: Animals () is a South Korean reality-variety show; a part of MBC's "Sunday Night" lineup, along with "Real Men". It first aired on January 25, 2015 replacing "Dad! Where Are We Going?". It features eleven celebrities who experience living with a variety of animals in an area created for the show called "Animal Town". On March 16, 2015, MBC confirmed that the show would be cancelled after 3 months due to low ratings. The show ended on March 29, 2015 and was replaced by "King of Mask Singer".

paragraph_text: The Journal of Religious History is an international peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Religious History Association. It covers current work in the history of religions. It also examines the relation of religions with other aspects of human experience.

paragraph_text: Sandy Eisenberg Sasso is the first woman to have been ordained a rabbi in Reconstructionist Judaism. She was ordained by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Philadelphia, on May 19, 1974. She is also the author of many children's books on religious topics. Her son David was born on June 22, 1976, and her daughter Debora was born in 1979.

paragraph_text: Linda L. Barnes (born 1953) is an American medical anthropologist, a Professor of Family Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine, and in the Graduate Division of Religious Studies at Boston University. Her research specialties are the social and cultural history of Western responses to Chinese healing traditions, and the interdisciplinary study of cultural, religious, and therapeutic pluralism in the United States. She has been regularly cited as an authority in the use of religiously based therapeutic traditions.

paragraph_text: Mitch Finley (born December 17, 1945) is an American author who writes on religious and Catholic subjects. He has written over thirty books and has won eleven Catholic Press Awards, and an Excellence in Writing Award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors.

paragraph_text: The Celtic pantheon is known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, and place or personal names. The Celtic pantheon has over 1,200 named deities; a comprehensive list is difficult to assemble.

paragraph_text: Dirk Heidemann (born 18 April 1961 in Berlin) is a former professional ballroom dancer, fashion model, now author, dance sport coach and choreographer from Germany. He has several years of experience in the various fields of dancing.

paragraph_text: Doreen Southwood (born 1974) is a South African artist, designer, and boutique owner based in Cape Town. She works in a wide variety of media in her artwork, producing sculptures, objects, prints, film, and more, which she often bases on personal experiences and self exploration. Her candidness regarding personal flaws and the cycles of repression and coping that accompany conservative, middle class, Afrikaans upbringing inform much of her work, calling attention to ways in which women are silenced or otherwise repressed in that space.

paragraph_text: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

paragraph_text: The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature is a book by Harvard University psychologist and philosopher William James. It comprises his edited Gifford Lectures on natural theology, which were delivered at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland in 1901 and 1902. The lectures concerned the nature of religion and the neglect of science in the academic study of religion.

paragraph_text: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters. In this respect, a religiously Ashkenazi Jew is an Israeli who is more likely to support certain religious interests in Israel, including certain political parties. These political parties result from the fact that a portion of the Israeli electorate votes for Jewish religious parties; although the electoral map changes from one election to another, there are generally several small parties associated with the interests of religious Ashkenazi Jews. The role of religious parties, including small religious parties that play important roles as coalition members, results in turn from Israel's composition as a complex society in which competing social, economic, and religious interests stand for election to the Knesset, a unicameral legislature with 120 seats.

paragraph_text: The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingness of study participants, men from a diverse range of occupations with varying levels of education, to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment, in which they had to administer electric shocks to a "learner." These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that would have been fatal had they been real.

paragraph_text: Mohammed Shihabuddin Nadvi (1931–2002) was an Islamic thinker, scholastic philosopher, religious reformer and writer from India. He was born in the Indian city of Bangalore on 12 November 1931. He authored more than 100 books on various topics pertaining to the Qur'an, Hadith and modern science. He founded a research academy named the Furqania Academy in Bangalore in 1970 as a center for research on Qur'anic sciences. Some prominent ulamas have regarded him as Mujaddid; a religious revivalist. He died on 18 April 2002.

paragraph_text: Robert L. Millet (born 30 December 1947) is a professor of ancient scripture and emeritus Dean of Religious Education at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. Millet is a Latter-day Saint author and speaker with more than 60 published works on virtually all aspects of Mormonism. Millet was at the forefront of establishing evangelical-Mormon dialogue.

paragraph_text: Ahmed Hulusi (born 1945 in Istanbul, Turkey) is an Islamic author from Turkey, whose works focus on philosophical and religious ideas.

paragraph_text: Andrea Phillips (born 20 July 1974) is an American transmedia game designer and writer. She has been active in the genres of transmedia storytelling and alternate reality games (ARGs), in a variety of roles, since 2001. She has written for, designed, or substantially participated in the creation of Perplex City, the BAFTA-nominated "Routes" (a project of Channel 4), and "The 2012 Experience", a marketing campaign for the film "2012".

paragraph_text: John A. Saliba is a Maltese-born Jesuit priest, a professor of religious studies at the University of Detroit Mercy and a noted writer and researcher in the field of new religious movements.

Question: When was the author of The Varieties of Religious Experience born?
Answer: 1842