paragraph_text: Rómulo León Alegría is a politician from Peru. He is a member of the Apra party. He has been imprisoned for his involvement in requesting bribes from foreign oil companies seeking to explore and drill in the Peruvian amazon rainforest. The company involved in this deal was Discover Petroleum International from Norway. The activities were discovered when audio tapes of Rómulo León negotiating the bribes were released to the press.

paragraph_text: The two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium that divided the New Hebrides into two separate communities: one Anglophone and one Francophone. This divide continues even after independence, with schools teaching in either one language or the other, and with different political parties. The condominium lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as the Republic of Vanuatu.

paragraph_text: The Ontario general election of 2018 was held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority government with 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161 - year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor - crossing during the 41st Parliament. Twenty - four other parties and numerous independent candidates also received votes.

paragraph_text: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.

paragraph_text: The Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation (Spanish: Movimiento Independiente de Renovación Absoluta "MIRA") is a social and political party in Colombia, founded on March 21, 2000 by 51,095 Colombians led by lawyer and former senator Carlos Alberto Baena and Alexandra Moreno Piraquive. The party also has functions as a non-profit organization. It has representation in the Chamber of Representatives and in the Senate of the Congress of the Republic of Colombia, and has also participated in the public corporations of Colombia at a regional level, being stated as the eight most influential political force in the country.

paragraph_text: Young Finns () was a liberal political party in Finland founded in 1994 and abolished in 1999. In the 1995 parliamentary elections, the party gained two seats, held by Risto Penttilä and Jukka Tarkka. In the 1999 election Young Finns failed to get any seats and it was discontinued. Until 1997, the party was known as Young Finnish Party.

paragraph_text: Robert Fico's Second Cabinet is the former government of Slovakia, headed by prime minister Robert Fico. Appointed on 4 April 2012, it consists of 14 members, 11 from the Direction - Social Democracy party () and three independents. It replaced Iveta Radicova's cabinet after gaining an absolute majority in the Slovak parliament following the 2012 Slovak parliamentary election.

paragraph_text: Luisa María de Guadalupe Calderón Hinojosa (born October 23, 1956 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party who served in the Senate of Mexico from 2000 until September 2006. She is currently senator-elect as a PAN proportional representative. Her term in the senate began in late 2012 and will continue through 2018. "Cocoa" (her nickname) is known as a champion for women and minority rights throughout Mexico.

paragraph_text: The Kanak Socialist Liberation (, LKS) is a Kanak pro-independence and socialist political party in New Caledonia, led by Nidoïsh Naisseline.

paragraph_text: Carlos Martínez Gorriarán is a Spanish scholar, born in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. After being a member of marxist and basque nationalist movements, he became one of the founding members and spokespersons of ¡Basta Ya! association and head of the Plataforma Pro from which the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party emerged in September 2007. In ¡Basta Ya! he was opposed to ETA, and also to the "obligatory nationalism" that he considered to be occurring in the Basque Country. He is a member of the Directing and Political counsels of the party.

paragraph_text: The Liberal Party (, "Liberalna partiya", LP) was a political party in Bulgaria and the main force in domestic politics between independence in 1878 and the mid-1880s when it dissolved into several different factions.

paragraph_text: Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.

paragraph_text: As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989.

paragraph_text: Territories in Movement ("Territoires en mouvement", TeM) is a centre-right political party in France founded in September 2011 by Jean-Christophe Fromantin, the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine. It was a member of the Union of Democrats and Independents. The movement presented candidates under the banner of 577 – The Independents of the Right and Centre ("577 – Les Indépendants de la Droite et du Centre") in the 2017 legislative elections.

paragraph_text: Koirala entered politics in 1954 inspired by the social-democratic ideals of the Nepali Congress. In 1958 he keenly participated in Bhadra Abagya Aandalon, (Civil Disobedience Movement) launched by the Nepali Congress. In 1959, he actively involved himself in the party's objective of carrying out the democratic elections. The election saw Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala become the first elected prime minister of the country. However, King Mahendra planned and executed a coup in December 1960 and expelled Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala. This resulted in the exile of several members of the Nepali Congress to India, which included Sushil Koirala. He remained in political exile in India for 16 years following the royal takeover of 1960. Koirala also spent three years in Indian prisons for his involvement in a plane hijacking in 1973. While in exile, Koirala was the editor of Tarun, the official party publication. He has been a member of the Central Working Committee of the party since 1979 and was appointed General Secretary of the party in 1996 and Vice President in 1998.

paragraph_text: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.

paragraph_text: Left Grouping of the Valencian Country (in Catalan: "Agrupament d'Esquerra del País Valencià") was a political group created in 1982 out of a nationalist splinter-group of the Communist Party of the Valencian Country (PCPV), the 'possibilist' sector of the Socialist Party of National Liberation of the Catalan Countries (PSAN) and independent leftwing nationalists. AEPV was registered as a political party. Soon after its foundation AEPV initiated cooperation with the Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country (PNPV) and the Left Unity of the Valencian Country (UEPV), with whom AEPV founded the coalition Valencian People's Union (UPV).

paragraph_text: Rómulo de Jesús Campuzano González (born 8 January 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Senator of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Durango.

paragraph_text: The Taxpayers Party of New York State was an American political party active in the state of New York. It was not part of any nationwide party, nor is it affiliated with the U.S. Taxpayers' Party (now known as the Constitution Party), which predates it by 18 years, or the Tax Revolt Party active in Nassau County. The Taxpayers Party of New York was founded by Carl Paladino in 2010, with the help of Rus Thompson, Leonard Roberto, Michael Caputo and Gary Berntsen. It officially gained ballot access on August 10, 2010 and fielded candidates in the New York state elections, 2010.

paragraph_text: The Friedrich Ebert Foundation ("German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.

Question: What year did the country where Romulo Campuzano's political party is based gain independence from Spain?
Answer: 1821