paragraph_text: Geoff Parling (born 28 October 1983 in Stockton-on-Tees, England) is a rugby union player. He plays for Melbourne Rebels as a lock. He has also represented England on 29 occasions and the British and Irish Lions 3 times.

paragraph_text: On May 6, 1957, Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.

paragraph_text: Neil Antony Back MBE (born 16 January 1969) is a former international rugby union footballer for England and the British and Irish Lions who also played for Nottingham RFC, Leicester Tigers, and captained both England and Leicester during his career.

paragraph_text: In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty, most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State, which after the 1937 constitution, began to call itself Ireland. The six northeastern counties, known as Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence. The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly Catholic) Irish nationalists and (mainly Protestant) unionists. This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s, until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later.

paragraph_text: The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: "Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or." The crest was: "A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper." The supporters were: "Two lions rampant guardant Or, each supporting a banner erect Argent, charged with a cross Gules." The motto was AUSPICIO REGIS ET SENATUS ANGLIÆ (Latin: By right of the King and the Senate of England).

paragraph_text: Jacqueline Nearne MBE (27 May 1916 in Brighton, England – 15 August 1982 in London, England) was a secret agent for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Nazi-occupied France during World War II.

paragraph_text: The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom are "Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or [for England]; II Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules [for Scotland]; III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent [for Ireland]". The supporters are the Lion and the Unicorn; the motto is "Dieu et mon droit" (French: "God and my Right"). Surrounding the shield is a representation of a Garter bearing the motto of the Chivalric order of the same name; "Honi soit qui mal y pense". (Old French: "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it"). In Scotland, the monarch uses an alternative form of the arms in which quarters I and IV represent Scotland, II England, and III Ireland. The mottoes are "In Defens" (an abbreviated form of the Scots "In My Defens God Me Defend") and the motto of the Order of the Thistle; "Nemo me impune lacessit". (Latin: "No-one provokes me with impunity"); the supporters are the unicorn and lion, who support both the escutcheon and lances, from which fly the flags of Scotland and England.

paragraph_text: Matthews earned a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII. He was also a member of the New England Patriots, Detroit Lions, Buffalo Bills, Indianapolis Colts, and Virginia Destroyers.

paragraph_text: Yellow brick road Dorothy and her companion befriend the Cowardly Lion, while traveling on the Yellow Brick Road -- illustration by W.W. Denslow (1900). The Oz series location Created by L. Frank Baum Genre Classics children's books Type Road paved with yellow bricks, leading to its destination -- Emerald City

paragraph_text: Håvard Rugland (born October 7, 1984), nicknamed Kickalicious, is a Norwegian placekicker. His trick-shot videos gained him notoriety on YouTube. He competed for a roster position on several teams and played in a pre-season game for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League.

paragraph_text: Songs of Travel and Other Verses is an 1896 book of poetry by Robert Louis Stevenson. Originally published by Chatto & Windus, it explores the author's perennial themes of travel and adventure. The work gained a new public and popularity when it was set to music in "Songs of Travel" by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

paragraph_text: Marcus Forston (born September 28, 1989) is an American football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent. Forston was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football for the University of Miami.

paragraph_text: Cioffi transferred to the University of Central Florida where he played on the men's soccer team in 1978 and 1979. In February 1980, Cioffi was cut by the Atlanta Chiefs during the preseason training camp. In May 1980, the Chiefs signed Cioffi as a free agent after Victor Nogueira was injured. He then played the 1980-1981 NASL Indoor season with the Chiefs. He spent one more outdoor season with the Chiefs before moving to the New Jersey Rockets of the Major Indoor Soccer League in the fall of 1981. In 1986, he returned to Florida to complete his bachelor's degree. In addition to attending school, he played for the independent Orlando Lions. In 1987, he played for the Orlando Rockets. In 1989, he returned to the Lions, now playing in the third American Soccer League.

paragraph_text: After starting his career with Brisbane Lions, he moved to England to play in the Premier League for Everton. He also played in England with Stoke City, Blackpool, Notts County, Preston North End and Crewe Alexandra. He finished his career with Brisbane Strikers and now owns his own goalkeeping coaching school.

paragraph_text: Two for the Lions is a 1998 historical mystery crime novel by Lindsey Davis and the 10th book of the Marcus Didius Falco Mysteries series. Set in Rome and Tripolitania between December AD 73 and May AD 74, during the reign of Emperor Vespasian, the novel stars Marcus Didius Falco, informer and imperial agent. The title refers to the execution of criminals in the arena, by trained lions.

paragraph_text: The NFA Under-18 team is made up of promising Singaporean players under the age of 18 and serves as a feeder squad mainly to the Young Lions as well as other clubs in the S.League. The FAS enters both the NFA Blues U-17 and NFA Reds U-18 teams in the Prime League, the official reserve league of the S.League to allow their players to gain more exposure and match experience by playing against older and more established players. The NFA U-15 and U-16 teams also participate in the annual Lion City Cup organised by the FAS since 2011.

paragraph_text: On 6 March 1957, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence from European colonization in the twentieth century.

paragraph_text: After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.

paragraph_text: The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from their founding through 1992.

paragraph_text: Queen Margaret and her son had fled to north Wales, parts of which were still in Lancastrian hands. They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. Mary of Gueldres, Queen Consort to James II of Scotland, agreed to give Margaret an army on condition that she cede the town of Berwick to Scotland and Mary's daughter be betrothed to Prince Edward. Margaret agreed, although she had no funds to pay her army and could only promise booty from the riches of southern England, as long as no looting took place north of the River Trent.

Question: When did the country compared to a stringed agent as a lion is to the country to which Queen Margaret and her son travelled gain its independence from England?
Answer: 1922