James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed The Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
He was Prince of Wales from July 1688 until, just months after his birth, his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
James II's Protestant elder daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III, became co-monarchs and the Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Settlement 1701 excluded Catholics from the English then, subsequently, British throne.
James Francis Edward was raised in Continental Europe.
After his father's death in 1701, he claimed the English, Scottish and Irish crown as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland, with the support of his Jacobite followers and his cousin Louis XIV of France.
Fourteen years later, he unsuccessfully attempted to gain the throne in Britain during the Jacobite rising of 1715.
Following his death in 1766, his elder son, Charles Edward Stuart, continued to claim the British crown as part of the Jacobite Succession.
James Paynter (Jacobite)
James Paynter( 1666-?) was the leader of a Jacobite uprising in Cornwall in the 18th century.
In 1715 he took an active part in proclaiming James Francis Edward Stuart( the Old Pretender) on the death of Queen Anne, for this he was tried at Launceston and acquitted and welcomed by" bonfire and by ball" from thence to the Land's End.
For his actions he was created Marquess of Trelissick( also called Marquis of Trelessick) in the Jacobite Peerage on 20 June 1715.
Maria Clementina Sobieska
Maria Clementina Sobieska( 18 July 1702 – 18 January 1735) was a Titular Queen consort of England by marriage to James Francis Edward Stuart, a Jacobite claimant to the British throne.
The granddaughter of the Polish king John III Sobieski, she was the mother of Charles Edward Stuart and of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart.
Frank Taylor (footballer, born 1901)
Francis Edward Taylor( 16 July 1901 – 1973) was an English professional association football player of the 1920s.
Gerolamo Pesci
Gerolamo Pesci( 1679 – 1759) was an Italian painter, active in a Baroque style.
He was born in Rome.
He painted an altarpiece depicting" Saints Dominic, Francis of Paola and Leonardo worshipping the Holy Trinity" for the Cathedral of St Peter the Apostle of Zagarolo.
He painted a" San Carlo and other Saints" for the church of San Filippo in San Severino Marche.
He also painted in 1721 a portrait of James Francis Edward Stuart, now at Stanford Hall, Leicestershire.
Francis Edward Paget
Francis Edward Paget( 1806–1882) was an English clergyman and author.
Francis Edward Clark
Francis Edward Clark( 12 September 1851 – 26 May 1927) was an American clergyman.
Thomas Witherley
Sir Thomas Witherley MD( 1618–1694) was Physician in Ordinary to King Charles II, Second Physician to King James II, and President of the Royal College of Physicians from 1684 to 1687.
He was present at the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart in 1688.
Mary of Modena
Mary of Modena  (Maria Beatrice Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; –) was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the second wife of James II and VII (1633–1701).
A devout Roman Catholic, Mary married the widowed James, who was then the younger brother and heir presumptive of Charles II (1630–1685).
She was uninterested in politics and devoted to James and their children, two of whom survived to adulthood: the Jacobite claimant to the thrones, James Francis Edward, and Louisa Maria Teresa.
Born a princess of the northwestern Italian Duchy of Modena, Mary is primarily remembered for the controversial birth of James Francis Edward, her only surviving son.
It was widely rumoured that he was a "changeling", brought into the birth chamber in a warming pan, in order to perpetuate her husband's Catholic Stuart dynasty.
Although the accusation was almost certainly false, and the subsequent Privy Council investigation affirmed this, James Francis Edward's birth was a contributing factor to the "Glorious Revolution", the revolution which deposed James II and VII and replaced him with his Protestant eldest daughter from his first marriage to Anne Hyde (1637–1671), Mary II.
She and her husband, William III of Orange, would reign jointly as "William and Mary".
Exiled to France, the "Queen over the water" – as the Jacobites called Mary – lived with her husband and children in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, provided by Louis XIV of France.
Mary was popular among Louis XIV's courtiers; James, however, was considered a bore.
In widowhood, Mary spent much time with the nuns at the Convent of Chaillot, where she and her daughter Louisa Maria Teresa spent their summers.
In 1701, when James II died, young James Francis Edward became king at age 13 in the eyes of the Jacobites.
As he was too young to assume the nominal reins of government, Mary represented him until he reached the age of 16.
When young James Francis Edward was asked to leave France as part of the settlement from the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, which ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), Mary of Modena stayed, despite having no family there, her daughter Louisa Maria Teresa having died of smallpox.
Fondly remembered by her French contemporaries, Mary died of breast cancer in 1718.
Anne Oglethorpe
Anne Henrietta Oglethorpe( 1683 – 1756), whose name at baptism was entered in the register as An Harath Oglethorp, was a Jacobite agent who worked to restore James II to the throne after he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution.
Following the death of James II in 1701, she continued her efforts on behalf of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, for the remainder of her life.

Question: Why did James Francis Edward Stuart's mother die?
Answer: breast cancer