Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)
Cao Lin( died 5 February 251) was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was a son of Cao Pi, the first Wei emperor, and the biological father of Cao Mao, the fourth Wei emperor.
Duke Dao of Cao
Duke Dao of Cao( 6th century BCE) was the twenty- second ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Spring and Autumn period( 770 – 475 BCE).
Born as Jī Wŭ( 姬午), he was the son of Duke Ping of Cao from whom he inherited the throne.
Duke Jing of Song captured Dào in 515 BCE and held him prisoner until his death.
Thereafter, disorder broke out in the State of Cáo as Dào ’s successors, Duke Sheng of Cao and Duke Yin of Cao, were killed one after the other.
Abd al-Muttalib
Abd al- Muttalib Shaybah ibn Hashim( c. 497 – 578) was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Duke Gong of Cao
Duke Gong of Cao (? – 618 BCE)  was the seventeenth ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Spring and Autumn period (770 – 475 BCE).
Born Ji Xiang (姬襄), he was the son of Duke Zhao of Cao.
In 637 BCE, during the exile of Chong’er, son of Duke Xian of Jin, Duke Gong heard that Chong’er suffered from fused ribs and wanted to see for himself.
Chong’er caught Duke Gong spying on him whilst he bathed and described the Duke as a man of “unbelievable rudeness”.
After Chong’er became Duke Wen of Jin and one of the Five Hegemons, in 632 he used Duke Gòng's previous rudeness as an excuse to overthrow the State of Cao.
Duke Gòng was captured by the State of Jin but later released.
After Duke Gong of Cao died in 618 BCE, his son Duke Wen of Cao became ruler.
Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)
Cao Yong (died 229) was a prince in the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was a son of Cao Pi, the first emperor of Wei.
His mother, Consort Su (蘇姬), was a concubine of Cao Pi.
He was enfeoffed as the Duke of Huainan (淮南公) in 221, with his dukedom in Jiujiang Commandery (九江郡).
In 222, he was elevated to the status of Prince of Huainan (淮南王).
A year later, his title was changed to Prince of Chen
(陳王).
In 225, his title was changed again to Prince of Handan (邯鄲王).
He died in 229 during the reign of his half-brother Cao Rui.
In 231, Cao Rui designated Cao Wen (曹溫), a son of Cao Kai (曹楷) and grandson of Cao Zhang, as Cao Yong's heir; Cao Wen thus became the new Prince of Handan.
In 232, Cao Wen's title was changed to Prince of Luyang (魯陽王).
Throughout the reigns of the subsequent Wei emperors, the number of taxable households in Cao Wen's princedom increased until it reached 4,400.
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa and the father of Suleyman Shah, who was, in turn, the grandfather of Ertuğrul, and the great grandfather of the Ottoman Empire founder, Osman I.
Aya Goda
Aya Goda( Goda Aya in Japanese family name- given name order) is Japanese writer, and an artist.
She has lived in Japan since 1998.
Aya's first book was awarded the Noma Prize for Non-Fiction from Kodansha in 1995.
The English version of the novel was selected as one of the 50 books touted as the" most worth talking about" World Book Day 2009.
Aya was born in Hokkaido, northern Japan.
She traveled in West China, then she was a student of Musashino Art University, Tokyo in August 1988, and met Chinese artist Cao Yong in Kashi, Xinjiang.
Cao Yong held his first one- man show in Beijing in February 1989.
The exhibit was an instant success, and the event was covered by major international news agencies.
However, this art show alarmed the Chinese authorities.
But Cao Yong and Aya managed to escape.
They set off on a perilous eight- month journey as fugitives.
Finally, the couple married and got an espousal visa, escaped to Japan in October 1989.
" TAO" recounts this eight- month journey in China in 1989.
In Japan, Cao Yong and Aya had worked and lived as one until Cao Yong left for the U.S.A in 1994.
Aya also left for the U.S.A. after publishing" TAO" as Cao Yong's farewell gift to Japan in 1995.
She did her best and went back to Japan in March, 1998.
Count You of Cao
Count You of Cao( ?–826 BCE) was the seventh ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Western Zhou Dynasty( 1046 – 770 BCE).
Born Jī Jiāng( 姬疆), he was the son of Count Xiao of Cao( 曹孝伯) and the younger brother of Count Yi of Cao( 曹夷伯).
Count You was killed by his younger brother Count Dai of Cao( 曹戴伯) in 826 BCE after a nine- year reign.
Duke Mu of Cao
Duke Mu of Cao( 8th Century BCE) was the eleventh ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Eastern Zhou Dynasty( 770 – 256 BCE) and Spring and Autumn period.
Born Jī Wǔ( 姬武), he was the son of Cáo Huìbó( 曹惠伯).
In 760 BCE, Duke Mu of Cao killed his elder brother Cáo Fèibó( 曹廢伯/ 曹废伯) and appointed himself ruler of the State of Cao.
He was the first ruler of the State of Cao to receive the posthumous title of" Duke"( 公).
Cao Pi
Cao Pi  (– 29 June 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was the second son of Cao Cao, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, but the eldest son among all the children born to Cao Cao by his concubine (later wife), Lady Bian.
According to some historical records, he was often in the presence of court officials in order to gain their support.
He was mostly in charge of defence at the start of his career.
After the defeat of Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu, he took Yuan Xi's widow, Lady Zhen, as a concubine, but in 221 Lady Zhen died and Guo Nüwang became empress.
On 25 November 220, Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian, the last ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty, to abdicate in his favour, after which on 11 December 220 he proclaimed himself emperor and established the state of Cao Wei.
Cao Pi continued the wars against the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, founded by his father's rivals Liu Bei and Sun Quan respectively, but did not make significant territorial gain in the battles.
Unlike his father, Cao Pi concentrated most of his efforts on internal administration rather than on waging wars against his rivals.
During his reign, he formally established Chen Qun's nine-rank system as the base for civil service nomination, which drew many talents into his government.
On the other hand, he drastically reduced the power of princes, stripping off their power to oppose him, but at the same time, rendering them unable to assist the emperor if a crisis arose within the state.
After Cao Pi's death, his successor Cao Rui granted him the posthumous name "Emperor Wen" and the temple name "Shizu".
Cao Pi was also an accomplished poet and scholar, just like his father Cao Cao and his younger brother Cao Zhi.
He wrote "Yan Ge Xing" (燕歌行), the first Chinese poem in the style of seven syllables per line (七言詩).
He also wrote over a hundred articles on various subjects.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Cao Yong (Three Kingdoms)?
Answer: Cao Cao