Orlando Gibbons
Orlando Gibbons( baptised 25 December 15835 June 1625) was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the Elizabethan( late Tudor) and early Jacobean periods.
Due to his sudden and early death, Gibbons' output was not as large as his older contemporary William Byrd's, but he still managed to produce various secular and sacred polyphonic vocal works, including consort songs, services, motets, more than 40 full anthems and verse anthems, a set of 20 madrigals as well as at least 20 keyboard works and various instrumental ensemble pieces including nearly 30 fantasies for viols.
He is well known for the 5- part verse anthem" This Is the Record of John", the 8- part full anthem" O Clap Your Hands Together", 2 settings of Evensong and what is often thought to be the best known English madrigal:" The Silver Swan".
Born in Oxfordshire, Gibbons was probably the 8th of 10 children and born into a musical family where his father, William Gibbons, was a wait and his children were expected to follow his footsteps in the trade.
It is not known who he studied composition with, although it is possible to have been with an older brother or his father.
Gibbons was certainly acquainted with William Byrd and John Bull due to the three's later collective publication of the first printed collection of keyboard music," Parthenia", and since Bull was a student of Byrd it is possible that Gibbons was as well, however there is no uncircumstantial evidence to support this.
Regardless to how his education came about, he was musically proficient enough to not only be appointed by King James I a gentleman of the Chapel Royal sometime around May of 1603 but also a senior organist by 1605.
By 1606 he had graduated from King's College, Cambridge with a Bachelor of Music and later he also received an honorary Doctor of Music from Oxford in May of 1622.
The most important position achieved by Gibbons was his appointment in 1623 as the organist at Westminster Abbey which he held for 2 years until his death on the June 5th, 1625.
Gibbons was the leading composer in early 17th century England and a pivotal transition figure from the end of the Renaissance to the beginning of the Baroque era.
He was praised in his time by a visit in 1624 from the French ambassador, Charles de L'Aubespine, who stated upon entering Westminster Abbey that “ At the entrance, the organ was touched by the best finger of that age, Mr. Orlando Gibbons."
Musicologist and composer, Frederick Ouseley, dubbed him to be the" English Palestrina" and the Canadian pianist Glenn Gould praised him highly and compared his music, especially for the keyboard, to the likes of Beethoven and Webern.
Gibbons paved the way for a future generation of English composers by perfecting the Byrd's foundations of the English madrigal as well as both full and verse anthems, and especially by teaching music to his oldest son, Christopher, who in turn taught John Blow, Pelham Humfrey and most notably Henry Purcell the English pioneer of the Baroque era.
The modern music critic John Rockwell claimed that the oeuvre of Gibbons:" all attested not merely to a significant figure in music's past but to a composer who can still speak directly to the present."
Jeff Barlow
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Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie
Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie or Laura Grey( 1889- 1914) was a British suffragette, and member of the Women's Social and Political Union( WSPU).
Laura Hilgermann
Laura Hilgermann," néeLaura Oberländer", married" Laura Rosenberg" or" Laura Hilgermann- Radó",( 13 October 1869 in Vienna,( Austria- Hungary) – 9 February 1945 in Budapest, Hungarian Empire) was an Austro- Hungarian operatic singer( soprano and contralto) then singing teacher.
Elizabeth Wray, 3rd Baroness Norreys of Rycote
Elizabeth Norris, 3rd Baroness Norreys of Rycote," suo jure"( c. 1603 – November 1645) was an English noblewoman and a baroness.
She was the wife of Edward Wray, Groom of the Bedchamber to King James I of England, with whom she eloped in 1622, and incurred the king's displeasure as she was his royal ward.
Elizabeth and her elopement was allegedly the inspiration for Orlando Gibbons" Fantazies".
Laura Kalpakian
Laura Anne Kalpakian( born June 28, 1945) is an American author.
She has also published under the pen names Juliet Fitzgerald and Carenna Jane Greye.
She is known for her work in the memoir genre.
Thomas Lupo the elder
Thomas Lupo( baptised 7 August 1571 – probably December 1627) was an English composer and viol player of the late Elizabethan and Jacobean eras.
Along with Orlando Gibbons, John Coprario, and Alfonso Ferrabosco, he was one of the principal developers of the repertory for viol consort.
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Her writing is mainly focused on Native Americans and Native American adoption issues.
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Joël Henry (journalist)
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Question: Who was born earlier, Orlando Gibbons or Laura Kalpakian?
Answer: Orlando Gibbons