Duke Shèn of Chen
Duke Shèn of Chen( died 855 BC), given name Yurong( 圉戎), was the fifth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty.
Shèn was his posthumous name.
Duke Shèn succeeded his father Duke Xiao of Chen.
His reign coincided with that of King Li of Zhou.
He died in 855 BC and was succeeded by his son Ning, known as Duke You of Chen.
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949
and then in Taiwan until his death.
Born in Chekiang Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China.
With Soviet and communist (CCP) help, Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy.
Commander in chief of the National Revolutionary Army (from which he came to be known as Generalissimo), he led the Northern Expedition from 1926 to 1928, before defeating a coalition of warlords and nominally reunifying China under a new Nationalist government.
Midway through the campaign, the KMT–CPC alliance broke down and Chiang purged the communists inside the party, triggering a civil war with the CCP, which he eventually lost in 1949.
As leader of the Republic of China in the Nanjing decade, Chiang sought to strike a difficult balance between the modernizing China while also devoting resources to defending the nation against the impending Japanese threat.
Trying to avoid a war with Japan while hostilities with CCP continued, he was kidnapped in the Xi'an Incident and obliged to form an Anti-Japanese United Front with the CCP.
Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he mobilized China for the Second Sino-Japanese War.
For eight years he led the war of resistance against a vastly superior enemy, mostly from the wartime capital Chongqing.
As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for Japanese surrender.
No sooner had the Second World War ended than the Civil War with the communists, by then led by Mao Zedong, resumed.
Under Chiang's command, the nationalists were mostly defeated in a few decisive battles in 1948.
In 1949 Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics during the White Terror.
Presiding over a period of social reforms and economic prosperity, Chiang won five elections to six-year terms as President of the Republic of China and was Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, three years into his fifth term as President and just one year before Mao's death.
One of the longest-serving non-royal head of states in the 20th century
, Chiang was the longest-serving non-royal ruler of China having held the post for 46 years.
Like Mao, he is regarded as a controversial figure.
Supporters credit him with playing a major part in unifying the nation and leading the Chinese resistance against Japan, as well as with countering Soviet-communist encroachment.
Detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an authoritarian regime who suppressed opponents.
Duke Gong of Chen
Duke Gong of Chen (reigned 631 BC – died 614 BC) was the eighteenth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Spring and Autumn period.
His ancestral surname was Gui (媯), given name Shuo (朔), and Gong (共) was his posthumous name.
Duke Gong succeeded his father Duke Mu of Chen, who died in 632 BC after 16 years of reign.
He reigned for 18 years and died in 614 BC.
He was succeeded by his son Pingguo, posthumously known as Duke Ling of Chen.
Duke Wu of Chen
Duke Wuya of Chen (reigned 795 BC – died 781 BC), given name Ling (靈), was the eighth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty.
Wu was his posthumous name.
Duke Wu succeeded his father Duke Xi of Chen, who died in 796 BC.
Duke Xi's reign coincided with that of King Xuan of Zhou.
He reigned for 15 years and died in 781 BC, the year that King You, the last king of Western Zhou, ascended the throne.
Duke Wu was succeeded by his son Yue, known as Duke Yi of Chen.
Duke Yi died after only three years of reign, and was succeeded by his younger brother Xie, known as Duke Ping of Chen.
Duke Wen of Chen
Duke Wen of Chen (reigned 754 BC – died 745 BC) was the eleventh ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the early Spring and Autumn period.
His given name was Yu (圉), and Wen was his posthumous name.
Duke Wen succeeded his father Duke Ping of Chen, who died in 755 BC.
He reigned for 10 years and died in 745 BC.
He was succeeded by his son Bao, known as Duke Huan of Chen.
When Duke Huan died in 707 BC, his younger brother
Chen Tuo murdered Crown Prince Mian and usurped the throne of Chen.
Chen Tuo was then killed by the army of the neighbouring State of Cai, which restored the throne to Duke Huan's younger son Yue, known as Duke Li of Chen.
Duke Zhuang of the state of Wey married two princesses of Chen, Li Gui and her younger sister Dai Gui, who were likely daughters of Duke Wen of Chen.
Dai Gui was the mother of Duke Huan of Wey.
Duke Xiao of Chen
Duke Xiao of Chen( reigned 10th century BC), given name Tu( 突), was the fourth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty.
Xiao was his posthumous name.
He was the grandson of the state's founder Duke Hu of Chen, who married the eldest daughter of King Wu of Zhou.
Duke Xiao was the son of Duke Shēn of Chen( 陳申公), the second ruler of Chen.
When Duke
Shēn died, the throne passed to his younger brother Gaoyang, Duke Xiang of Chen, instead of his son Tu. However, Duke Xiao ascended the throne after the death of his uncle Duke Xiang.
Duke Xiao was succeeded by his son Yurong, known as Duke Shèn of Chen( 陳慎公).
Chen Jieru
Chen Jieru (Wade-Giles:
Ch'en Chieh-ju; 26 August 1906 – 21 January 1971) was the second wife of Chiang Kai-shek.
She was nicknamed Jennie.
Chen's ancestral hometown was Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, and she was born in Shanghai.
She wrote a memoir which Chiang successfully suppressed during his lifetime.
It was finally published in 1993.
In the memoir, Chen details how she and Chiang Kai-shek met at the home of a mutual friend in 1918 and how he pursued her, finally convincing her to marry him on 5 December 1921 by stating that his arranged marriage with Mao Fumei was unhappy and celibate, and his liaison with Yao Yecheng was a social courtesy following her disfigurement.
The couple held their wedding at East Hotel in Shanghai.
On their wedding night, Chiang infected Chen with syphilis, the treatment for which left her infertile.
Due to this, she adopted Chiang Yao-kuang.
Chiang promised Chen that he was marrying Soong Meiling ("Madame Chiang") for political convenience before a Buddhist shrine, saying "Should I break my promise and fail to take her back, may the Great Buddha smite me and my Nanjing government.", and arranged for her to go to the United States on a five-year "study tour"; after this she was meant to return and married life would resume.
However, once there, Chen learned from press articles that Chiang denied their marriage and said that he had paid for a "concubine" to move to the United States, which deeply aggrieved Chen.
Duke Ping of Chen
Duke Ping of Chen (reigned 777 BC – died 755 BC), given name Xie (燮), was the tenth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the transition period from the Western Zhou dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period.
Ping was his posthumous name.
Duke Ping was a younger son of Duke Wu of Chen, who died in 781 BC and was succeeded by his elder son Duke Yi of Chen.
However, Duke Yi died in 778 BC after only three years of reign, and Duke Ping succeeded his elder brother as the ruler of Chen.
In 771 BC, the seventh year of Duke Ping's reign, the Western Zhou dynasty was destroyed when the Quanrong nomads killed King You of Zhou and occupied the Zhou heartland, forcing the Zhou court to move east to Luoyang.
Duke Ping reigned for 23 years and died in 755 BC.
He was succeeded by his son Yu, known as Duke Wen of Chen.
Duke Xiang of Chen
Duke Xiang of Chen( reigned 10th century BC), given name Gaoyang( 皋羊), was the third ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty.
Xiang was his posthumous name.
His father Duke Hu of Chen, who married the eldest daughter of King Wu of Zhou, was the founder of the Chen state.
Duke Xiang succeeded his elder brother, Duke Shēn of Chen, who was the second ruler of Chen.
When Duke Xiang died, the throne returned to Duke Shēn's son Tu, known as Duke Xiao of Chen.
Duke Shēn of Chen
Duke Shēn of Chen( reigned 10th century BC) was the second ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty.
His given name was Xihou( 犀侯), and Shēn was his posthumous name.
He succeeded his father Duke Hu of Chen, who married the eldest daughter of King Wu of Zhou.
After Duke Shēn's death, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Gaoyang, known as Duke Xiang of Chen.
However, when Duke Xiang died, the throne returned to Duke Shēn's son Tu, known as Duke Xiao of Chen.

Question: When was Chen Jieru's husband born?
Answer: 31 October 1887