Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon, as Charles I) from 1516, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506.
Head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and a unified Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia.
Furthermore, his reign encompassed both the long-lasting Spanish and short-lived German colonizations of the Americas.
The personal union of the European and American territories of Charles V was the first collection of realms labelled "the empire on which the sun never sets".
Born in Flanders to Philip "the Handsome" of the Austrian House of Habsburg (son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary of Burgundy) and Joanna "the Mad" of the Spanish House of Trastámara (daughter of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon), Charles inherited all of his family dominions at a young age due to the premature death of his father and the mental illness of his mother.
After the death of Philip in 1506, he inherited the Burgundian Netherlands originally held by his paternal grandmother Mary.
In 1516, he became co-monarch of Spain with his mother Joanna and as such
he was the first king of Spain to inherit the country as dynastically unified by the Catholic Monarchs, his maternal grandparents.
The Spanish possessions at his accession also included the Castilian West Indies and the Aragonese Kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia.
At the death of his paternal grandfather Maximilian in 1519, he inherited Austria and was elected to succeed him as Holy Roman Emperor.
He adopted the Imperial name of "Charles V" as his main title, and styled himself as a new Charlemagne.
Charles V revitalized the medieval concept of the universal monarchy and spent most of his life defending the integrity of the Holy Roman Empire from the Protestant Reformation, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, and a series of wars with France.
He made 40 journeys, travelling from country to country with no single fixed capital city, and it is estimated that he spent a quarter of his reign on the road.
In order to finance the Imperial wars and maintain his armies of Spanish tercios, Italian condottieri, and German Landsknechte, Charles V relied on the economic productivity of the Habsburg Netherlands (birthplace of capitalism) and the flows of South American precious metals to Spain (his chief source of wealth).
Charles ratified the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires by the Spanish "Conquistadores" Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, the establishment of Klein-Venedig by the German Welser family in search of the legendary El Dorado, and the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan around the globe.
In order to consolidate power in his early reign, Charles suppressed two Spanish insurrections (Comuneros' Revolt and Brotherhoods' Revolt) and two German rebellions (Knights' Revolt and Great Peasants' Revolt).
Crowned King in Germany
, Charles sided with Pope Leo X and declared Martin Luther an outlaw at the Diet of Worms (1521).
The same year Francis I of France, surrounded by the Habsburg possessions, started a conflict in Lombardy that lasted until the Battle of Pavia (1525) led to his temporary imprisonment.
In 1527, the Protestant affair re-emerged as Rome was sacked by mutinous imperial soldiers of Lutheran faith.
After ordering the retreat of the troops from the Papal States, Charles V defended Vienna from the Turks and obtained the coronation as King in Italy by Pope Clement VII.
In 1535, he annexed the vacant Duchy of Milan and captured Tunis.
Nevertheless, the Algiers expedition and the loss of Buda in the early 40s frustrated his anti-Ottoman policies.
Meanwhile, Charles V had come to an agreement with Pope Paul III for the organisation of the Council of Trent (1545).
The refusal of the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League to take part in the Council led to a war, won by Charles V with the imprisonment of the Protestant princes.
However, Henry II of France offered new support to the Lutheran cause and strengthened a close alliance with the sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the ruler of the Ottoman Empire since 1520.
After thirty-five years of incessant warfare and facing the prospect of an alliance between all of his enemies, Charles V conceded the Peace of Augsburg and abandoned his multi-national project with a series of abdications in 1556 that divided his hereditary and imperial domains between the Spanish Habsburgs headed by his son Philip II of Spain and the Austrian Habsburgs headed by his brother Ferdinand, who was Archduke of Austria in Charles' name since 1521 and the designated successor as emperor since 1531.
The Duchy of Milan and the Habsburg Netherlands were left in personal union to the King of Spain, but remained part of the Holy Roman Empire.
The two Habsburg dynasties remained allied until the extinction of the Spanish line.
In 1557, Charles retired to the Monastery of Yuste in Extremadura and there died a year later.
Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma
Alessandro Farnese (10 January 1635 – 18 February 1689) was an Italian military leader, who was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1678 until 1682.
He is not to be confused with his better known great-grandfather Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma.
This Alessandro was often called Alessandro di Odoardo (son of Odoardo).
His title was "Prince of Parma".
His elder brother Ranuccio II was the sixth Duke of Parma and Piacenza .
Gerolama Orsini
Gerolama Orsini( 1504 –1590) sometimes Girolama Orsini was a member of the House of Orsini and the wife of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma.
She was the Duchess of Parma by marriage.
Margherita Farnese
Margherita Farnese (7 November 1567 – 13 April 1643) was a daughter of Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Infanta Maria of Guimarães.
She was named after her father's mother Margaret of Parma, illegitimate daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma
Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma (2 October 1802 – 18 March 1857) was a Princess of Parma and member of the House of Bourbon.
She was married to Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony.
Margherita Aldobrandini
Margherita Aldobrandini (Capodimonte, Viterbo, 29 March 1588 – Parma, 9 August 1646) was a Duchess consort of Parma.
She was the regent of Parma 1626-1628.
Roberto Savio
Roberto Savio( born in Rome, Italy, but also holding Argentine nationality) is a journalist, communication expert, political commentator, activist for social and climate justice and advocate of global governance.
He has spent most of his career with Inter Press Service( IPS), the news agency which he founded in 1964 along with Argentine journalist Pablo Piacentini.
Savio studied Economics at the University of Parma, followed by post -graduate courses in Development Economics under Gunnar Myrdal, History of Art and International Law in Rome.
He started his professional career as a research assistant in International Law at the University of Parma.
Margaret of France, Duchess of Brabant
Margaret of France( 1254–1271) was a daughter of Louis IX of France and his wife Margaret of Provence.
She was a member of the House of Capet and was Duchess of Brabant by her marriage to John I, Duke of Brabant.
Princess Carolina of Parma
Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770 – 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony.
Carolina was the eldest child of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and his wife Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.
Margaret of Parma
Margaret of Parma (5 July 1522 – 18 January 1586) was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582.
She was the illegitimate daughter of the then 22-year-old Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst.
She was a Duchess of Florence and a Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by marriage.

Question: What nationality is Margaret Of Parma's father?
Answer: Holy Roman Empire