Huan Yanfan
Huan Yanfan( 桓彥範)( 653–706), courtesy name Shize( 士則), formally Prince Zhonglie of Fuyang( 扶陽忠烈王), briefly known during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang as Wei Yanfan( 韋彥範), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong.
He was a key figure in the coup that overthrew Wu Zetian and restored Emperor Zhongzong in 705, but was later exiled due to false accusations instigated by Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi and killed in exile in a cruel manner.
Princess Jincheng
Princess Jincheng( c. 698 – 739), surnamed Li, was a member of a minor branch of the royal clan of the Chinese Tang dynasty.
Princess Jincheng was a daughter of Li Shouli, a prince of Tang China.
She grew up in the court and was regarded by Emperor Zhongzong of Tang as a foster daughter.
Emperor Zhongzong received an ambassador sent by Empress Dowager Khri ma lod of the Tibetan Empire requesting a marriage alliance between the future emperor, Tridé Tsuktsen, and a Tang princess.
Emperor Zhongzong conferred the title of Princess Jincheng upon his foster daughter and, in 710, a minister of Tibet arrived to collect her.
On his arrival, Emperor Zhongzong entertained the minister by having his sons- in- law play ball sports with him.
Princess Jincheng was then married to Emperor Tridé Tsuktsen of Tibet, in accordance with the" heqin" policy.
Princess Jincheng was expected to act as an ambassador to the Tibetan Empire and assist as a Tang diplomat to the Tibetan court.
In one case, she solved a dispute between the Tibetan and Tang envoys by erecting a plaque to mark the two territories.
In 723, unhappy with her marriage, Princess Jincheng ask for asylum with the King of Kashmir, but she was persuaded to remain in Tibet.
The Emperor Zhongzong, saddened by the loss of his daughter, requested that poems be written in her honor.
The poet Wang Zhihuan answered with" Beyond the Border", a reference to her trip through Yumen Pass.
Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 power and governance was primarily in the hands of his powerful second wife Empress Wu, later known as Wu Zetian).
Emperor Gaozong was the son of Emperor Taizong and Empress Zhangsun.
Emperor Gaozong was aided in his rule by Empress Wu during the later years of his reign after a series of strokes left him incapacitated.
Emperor Gaozong delegated all matters of state to his Strong wife and after he died in 683, power fell completely into the hands of Empress Wu, who subsequently became the only Empress regnant in Chinese history.
After his death, he was interred at the Qianling Mausoleum along with Wu Zetian.
Historians have generally viewed Emperor Gaozong as a weak ruler, inattentive to the business of the state and leaving such business to his powerful wife Empress Wu.
During the first part of his reign, Tang territorial gains, which started with his father Emperor Taizong, continued, including the conquest of Baekje, Goguryeo, and the Western Turkic Khaganate, but throughout the 670s, much of those gains were lost to the Tibetan Empire, Silla, Khitan, and Balhae.
Further, territory previously conquered that belonged to both the Göktürks and the Western Turkic Khaganate were subjected to repeated rebellions.
Wei Wen
Wei Wen( 韋溫)( died July 24, 710) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Zhongzong's son Emperor Shang.
He was trusted by Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, who was his cousin, and after she was killed in a coup after Emperor Zhongzong's death, he was also killed.
Hannah Arnold
Hannah Arnold, also known as Hannah Waterman King, was the grandmother of Benedict Arnolds children.
Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)
Empress Wei( 韋皇后, personal name unknown)( died July 21, 710) was an empress of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
She was the second wife of Emperor Zhongzong, who reigned twice, and during his second reign, she tried to emulate the example of her mother- in- law Wu Zetian and seize power.
After Emperor Zhongzong's death in 710 — a death traditionally believed to be a poisoning she carried out together with her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle—which gave her the power to become the empress dowager and regent, but in short order was overthrown and killed in a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's nephew Li Longji( the later Emperor Xuanzong) and Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping.
Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (26 November 656 – 3 July 710), personal name Li Xian, and at other times Li Zhe or Wu Xian, was the fourth Emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling briefly in 684 and again from 705 to 710.
During the first period, he did not rule, and the entire government was in the hands of his mother, Empress Wu Zetian.
In the second period, most of the government was in the hands of his beloved wife Empress Wei).
Emperor Zhongzong was the son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian).
He succeeded his father in 684.
His mother, however, deposed him less than two months later in favor of his younger brother Emperor Ruizong.
The former emperor, demoted to a princely rank, was sent in exile in the provinces and placed under house arrest.
Six years later, Emperor Ruizong in turn relinquished the throne to his mother and Empress Dowager Wu officially proclaimed herself empress regnant, while Emperor Ruizong was made crown prince.
By 698 the court was caught in the middle of a bitter power struggle.
In an attempt to secure her prominence, Empress Wu liberated the former emperor from his 14 years of seclusion and recalled him to the capital in April 698.
He was reinstated as crown prince in October 698, taking the place of his brother.
On 20 February 705, a palace coup deposed Wu Zetian and Emperor Zhongzong was restored as emperor three days later.
Emperor Zhongzong reigned for five years but was a rather weak and easily influenced ruler.
Real power was in the hands of his empress consort, Empress Wei and her lover Wu Sansi
(Wu Zetian's nephew).
In 710, Emperor Zhongzong died, allegedly poisoned by Empress Wei, who then installed his son, Li Chongmao, as Emperor Shang.
Empress Wei, who had failed to install her daughter Li Guo'er, the Princess Anle, as heir to Emperor Zhongzong, thought that Li Chongmao, born of Zhongzong and a concubine and who was only 16 years old, would be easy to control and allow her to preserve her power.
The scheme failed, however, when Princess Taiping, the sister of Emperor Zhongzong, launched a coup two weeks later with her nephew Li Longji (later Emperor Xuanzong), son of the abdicated Emperor Ruizong, and overthrew Empress Wei and the young emperor.
Emperor Ruizong, the father of Li Longji and the older brother of Princess Taiping, was restored as emperor.
Hubba bint Hulail
Hubba bint Hulail was the grandmother of Hashim ibn' Abd Manaf, thus the great- great- great- grandmother of the Islamic" Nabī"( Prophet) Muhammad ibn Abdullah.
Ji Chuna
Ji Chuna( died July 24, 710) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Zhongzong's son Emperor Shang.
He was a member of the faction of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, and was killed after she was killed in a coup in 710.
Wei Juyuan
Wei Juyuan( 韋巨源)( 631 – July 22, 710), formally Duke Zhao of Shu( 舒昭公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving multiple times as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her son Emperor Zhongzong, and her grandson Emperor Shang.
During Emperor Zhongzong's reign, he became aligned with Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, and after Emperor Zhongzong's death in 710 and a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and Emperor Zhongzong's nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi killed Empress Wei, Wei Juyuan was also killed.

Question: Who is Emperor Zhongzong Of Tang's paternal grandmother?
Answer: Empress Zhangsun