William II of the Netherlands
William II( Willem Frederik George Lodewijk, anglicized as William Frederick George Louis; 6 December 1792 – 17 March 1849) was King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg.
William II was the son of William I and Wilhelmine of Prussia.
When his father, who up to that time ruled as sovereign prince, proclaimed himself king in 1815, he became Prince of Orange as heir apparent of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
With the abdication of his father on 7 October 1840, William II became king.
During his reign, the Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy with the new constitution of 1848.
William II was married to Anna Pavlovna of Russia.
They had four sons and one daughter.
William II died on 17 March 1849 and was succeeded by his son William III.
Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein- Sonderburg- Beck( 18 June 1687 – 11 November 1749) was a Duke of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg- Beck.
He served as Prussian field marshal and was appointed Governor of Berlin, but never filled the latter position.
Frederick William II was the eldest son of Duke Frederick Louis( 1653 – 1728) and his wife Louise Charlotte of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg- Augustenburg( 1658 – 1740).
His siblings included Dorothea, Peter August, Charles Louis.
In 1728, Frederick William II succeeded his father as Duke of Beck.
After his death, he was succeeded by his son Frederick William III, who fell in battle in 1757.
The title was then inherited by Frederick William II's brother, Charles Louis.
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Augusta Louise Adelaide Caroline Ida of Saxe-Meiningen (6 August 1843 – 11 November 1919) was the daughter of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his wife Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel.
She was the mother of Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.
John Mackay (poet)
John Mackay( 1656–1754), known as( The Blind Piper), was a Scottish Gaelic poet and composer, and the grandfather of William Ross.
William II of Baux
William II of Baux( died 1239) was a son of William of Baux.
Following his father, William II carried the title of prince of Orange.
The title had come to the House of Baux through a brother, Raimbaut of Orange, of William II's paternal grandmother, Tiburge de Sarenom, the latter also referred to as Tiburge princess of Orange.
Roger Borsa
Roger Borsa (1060/61 – 22 February 1111) was the Norman Duke of Apulia and Calabria and effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death.
He was the son of Robert Guiscard, the conqueror of southern Italy and Sicily; Roger was not as adept as his father, and most of his reign was spent in feudal anarchy.
Roger was the son of Robert Guiscard and Sikelgaita, an imposing warrior Lombard noblewoman.
His ambitious mother arranged for Roger to succeed his father in place of Robert Guiscard's eldest son by another wife, Bohemund of Taranto.
According to English historian John Julius Norwich, his nickname came from "his early-ingrained habit of counting and recounting his money."
In 1073, Sichelgaita had Roger proclaimed heir after Guiscard fell ill at Trani.
Roger's cousin Abelard was the only baron to dissent from the election of Roger, claiming that he was the rightful heir to the duchy.
Roger accompanied his father on a campaign to Greece in 1084.
He was still in Greece when his father died on 17 July 1085 in Kefalonia.
While Bohemond was supposed to inherit the Greek possessions and Roger the Italian ones, it was Bohemund who was in Italy (Salerno) and Roger in Greece (Bundicia) at the time of the Guiscard's passing.
Roger rejoined his mother on Cephalonia, his absence causing panic and confusion with his army, according to Goffredo Malaterra.
The two quickly returned to the peninsula and with the support of Roger I of Sicily, his uncle, was recognised as duke in September.
His Lombard heritage also made him a more attractive candidate than his Norman half-brother, who had fled to Capua.
With the support of Jordan I of Capua, Bohemund rebelled against his brother and took Oria, Otranto, and Taranto.
Roger, however, made peace in March 1086 and the brothers acted as effective co-rulers.
In late Summer 1087, Bohemond renewed the war with the support of some of his brother's vassals.
He surprised and defeated Roger at Fragneto and retook Taranto.
Though described as a powerful warrior (he took the cities of Benevento, Canosa, Capua, and Lucera by siege), Roger Borsa was never able to check Bohemund's power or bring him under his control.
The war was finally resolved by the mediation of Pope Urban II and the award of Taranto and other possessions to Bohemund.
Roger also granted him Cosenza and other holdings he desired allodially.
In 1089 Roger Borsa was officially invested with the duchy of Apulia by Pope Urban II.
Roger permitted the minting of baronial coinage in at least two instances (Fulco of Basacers and Manso "vicedux").
He planned to urbanise the Mezzogiorno by granting charters to various towns and encouraging urban planning.
In 1090, he and Urban encouraged Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order to accept election to the archbishopric of Reggio di Calabria.
In May 1098, at the request of his first cousin once removed, Prince Richard II of Capua, Borsa and his uncle Count Roger
I of Sicily began the siege of Capua, from which the prince had long ago been exiled as a minor.
In exchange for his assistance, the duke received the homage of Richard, though he seems to have made no use of it, for Richard's successors paid no heed to Roger Borsa's overlordship.
Capua fell after forty days of notable besieging, for Pope Urban II had come to meet Roger of Sicily and Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury had come to meet the pope.
In October 1104, Roger besieged William, Count of Monte Sant'Angelo, who was at that time independent and pledged to the Byzantines, and expelled him from the Gargano, abolishing the county.
Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
Princess Marie Frederica Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel (6 September 1804 – 1 January 1888) was a Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen by marriage to Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.
She was the daughter of William II, Elector of Hesse and Princess Augusta of Prussia.
Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria
Maria of Brabant( 1226–1256) was a daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and Maria of Swabia.
She married Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, being the first of three wives.
William II, Duke of Apulia
William II (1095 – July 1127) was the Duke of Apulia and Calabria from 1111 to 1127.
He was the son and successor of Roger Borsa.
His mother, Adela of Flanders, had previously been queen of Denmark, and he was a half-brother of Charles the Good.
He succeeded his father as duke in 1111, though Adela served as regent until William was of age.
Like father, like son: he proved utterly inept at governing his Italian possessions.
He could not avoid conflict with his first cousin once removed Roger II of Sicily, and in 1121 Pope Calixtus II personally intervened to make peace between the warring cousins.
William and Roger came to an agreement, whereby Roger provided knights to help William quash a revolt of the minor baron Jordan of Ariano, and in exchange, William abandoned his Sicilian and Calabrian lands.
In 1114, William married a daughter of Count Robert of Carazzo, but they had no children.
He died without legitimate posterity in July 1127, leaving the entire of the Norman Mezzogiorno to his first cousin once removed, Roger II of Sicily, his erstwhile ally.
Generally considered an insignificant ruler by modern historians, William was respected by his contemporaries, popular with his barons and subjects, and praised for his martial prowess.
William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
William II, Duke of Brunswick- Lüneburg( about 1300 – 1369) was the Prince of Lüneburg from 1330 to 1369.

Question: Who is William Ii, Duke Of Apulia's paternal grandfather?
Answer: Robert Guiscard