Peter Jones (missionary)
Peter Jones (January 1, 1802 – June 29, 1856) was an Ojibwe Methodist minister, translator, chief and author from Burlington Heights, Upper Canada.
His Ojibwa name was Kahkewāquonāby ("Gakiiwegwanebi" in the Fiero spelling), which means "[Sacred] Waving Feathers".
In Mohawk, he was called Desagondensta, meaning "he stands people on their feet".
In his youth his band of Mississaugas had been on the verge of destruction.
As a preacher and a chieftain, as a role model and as a liaison to governments, his leadership helped his people survive contact with Europeans.
Jones was raised by his mother Tuhbenahneequay in the traditional culture and religion of the Mississauga Ojibwas until the age of 14.
After that, he went to live with his father Augustus Jones, a Welsh-born United Empire Loyalist.
There he learnt the customs and language of the white Christian settlers of Upper Canada and was taught how to farm.
Jones converted to Methodism at age 21 after attending a camp-meeting with his half sister.
Methodist leaders in Upper Canada recognised his potential as a bridge between the white and Indian communities and recruited him as a preacher.
As a bilingual and bicultural preacher, he enabled the Methodists to make significant inroads with the Mississaugas and Iroquois of Upper Canada, both by translating hymns and biblical texts in Ojibwe and Mohawk and by preaching to Indians who did not understand English.
Beyond his preaching to the Indians of Upper Canada, he was an excellent fundraiser for the Canadian Methodists, and toured the United States and Great Britain giving sermons and speeches.
Jones drew audiences of thousands, filling many of the buildings he spoke in, but came to resent the role, believing the audiences came to see Kahkewāquonāby, the exotic Indian, not Peter Jones, the good Christian he had worked so hard to become.
Jones was also a political leader.
In 1825, he wrote to the Indian Department; his letter was the first the department had ever received from an Indian.
This brought him into contact with Superintendent of the Indian Department James Givins and influential Bishop John Strachan, with whom he arranged the funding and support of the Credit Mission.
There he lived and worked as a preacher and community leader, leading the conversion of Mississaugas to a European lifestyle of agriculture and Christianity, which enabled them to compete with the white settlers of Upper Canada.
He was elected a chief of the Mississaugas of the Credit Mission in 1829 and acted as a spokesman for the band when petitioning the colonial government and its departments.
During his British tours, he had audiences with King William IV and Queen Victoria, directly petitioning the latter on the issue of title deeds for the Mississaugas of Upper Canada.
During his life, Jones did manage to obtain some concessions from various provincial governments, such as having control over the trust funds for the Mississaugas of Credit turned over to their chiefs, but he was never able to secure title deeds for the Credit settlement.
In 1847, Jones led the band to relocate to New Credit on land donated by the Six Nations, who were able to furnish the Mississaugas with title deeds.
The Mississaugas of New Credit have since been able to retain title to the land, where they remain.
Jones' health had been declining for several years before the move to New Credit, and he was unable to accompany them to an unconstructed settlement, retiring to a nearby estate outside of Brantford, Canada West, where he died in the summer of 1856.
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Peter Edmund Jones
Peter Edmund Jones M.D. (30 October 1843 – 29 June 1909) was a Mississauga Ojibwa chief of New Credit.
In Ojibwe he was called Kahkewaquonaby, named after his father in two languages.
The third child of Peter Jones and Eliza Field, Jones was born in London, Canada West.
He was raised at the Muncey Mission, and later Brantford.
He was educated first by his governess, and later at Brantford Grammar School.
Although one quarter indigenous in heritage, he was raised in a largely western fashion.
Jones, who attended medical school at the University of Toronto and Queen's College, obtained a Medical Doctorate in 1866.
He is the first known Status Indian to obtain such a degree in Canada.
After obtaining his medical degree, Jones moved to Hagersville, Ontario and set up a practice in New Credit.
Jones became involved in politics, both on the reserve and off.
He was elected a chief of New Credit from 1874–1877, and 1880-1886.
He developed connections in the Conservative Party of Canada, where he argued for more Native rights and more Native control over their affairs.
Unsuccessful in this, he did receive an appointment as the Indian Agent for New Credit in 1887, which he held until 1896.
Jones edited "The Indian", a journal for indigenous people.
The journal was published in 1885-1886, and ran a total of 24 issues.
It was the first Canadian journal for indigenous people edited by an indigenous person.
The journal was distributed on Indian Reserves across Ontario.
Like his father, Jones lived across the cultural gap between the whites of Canada and the indigenous people of the land.
He married an English woman, Charlotte Dixon, but intended to raise any children as Ojibwe.
His cousin George Henry attempted to dislodge him as the New Credit band's doctor on the grounds that he was only one-quarter First Nation, but failed.
Jones practiced taxidermy, which was uncommon among First Nations, and was an avid chess player.
But he also refused to relinquish his Indian status, a practice that was encouraged by the Indian Department for educated indigenous individuals.
Jones died in Hagersville, Ontario in 1909.
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Question: Who is Peter Edmund Jones's paternal grandmother?
Answer: Tuhbenahneequay