James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was a Dutch-born English nobleman.
Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland with mistress Lucy Walter.
He served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War.
He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle, King James II and VII.
After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate King in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism and his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who was a Roman Catholic.
The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.
Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine
Major- General Henry Scott, 1st Earl of Deloraine KB( 1676 – 25 December 1730) was a Scottish peer and army officer.
Scott was the second surviving son of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth( the illegitimate son of Charles II and Lucy Walter), and his wife, Anne.
In 1693, he married Anne Duncombe( d. 1720), the daughter of William Duncombe of Batthesden, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.
They had three surviving children: In 1706 Queen Anne created Scott Earl of Deloraine.
He was elected to the last Scottish Parliament that year and voted in favour of the Acts of Union.
In 1725 he was vested with the Order of the Bath.
In 1726, Deloraine married Mary Scott, Countess of Deloraine, the granddaughter of Col. Philip Howard, and they had two daughters: Lord Deloraine died suddenly on Christmas Day in 1730 and is buried at Sandford St Martin, Oxfordshire.
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica, 1st Duke of Fitz- James( 21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo- French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough.
Berwick was a successful general in the pay of Louis XIV of France.
James Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Sir James Scott, Earl of Dalkeith KT( 23 May 1674 – 14 March 1705) was an English nobleman and politician.
He was the son of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch.
He was also the grandson of Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
On 2 January 1693/ 94 he married Lady Henrietta Hyde( born in Hindon, Wiltshire, c. 1677, died 30 May 1730), daughter of Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester and Henrietta Hyde, Countess of Rochester.
They had six children: Lady Dalkeith was described as" the wittiest of women", still youthful and charming when she was well over fifty:" the many afflictions she suffered never touched her wit and good nature".
Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch
Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch (11 February 1651 – 6 February 1732) was a wealthy Scottish peeress.
Anne was the daughter of Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch.
In 1661, she succeeded to her sister Mary Scott's titles as 4th Countess of Buccleuch, 5th Baroness Scott of Buccleuch and 5th Baroness Scott of Whitchester and Eskdaill.
On 20 April 1663 she married James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth (the illegitimate son of Charles II by his mistress, Lucy Walter); her husband and she were created Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch that same day.
They had six children:
The Duke of Monmouth was executed in 1685 following the failure of Monmouth's Rebellion, in which he had attempted to seize the English throne.
The duchess married Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis, on 6 May 1688, with whom she later had three children.
Anne died in 1732, aged 80; her titles passed to her grandson Francis, the son of James, Earl of Dalkeith.
After the Duke of Monmouth had been executed for treason, Anne asked architect James Smith to rebuild Dalkeith Palace, using William of Orange's Palace of Het Loo in the Netherlands as a model.
Smith and his cousins, Gilbert and James, signed the contract for masonry work in March 1702 and construction of the new Palace began later that year.
Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death.
Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.
After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649.
However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a "de facto" republic led by Oliver Cromwell.
Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe.
Cromwell became virtual dictator of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands.
A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles was invited to return to Britain.
On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim.
After 1660, all legal documents stating a regnal year did so as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649.
Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England.
Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance.
The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
In 1670, he entered into the Treaty of Dover, an alliance with his cousin King Louis XIV of France.
Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date.
Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it.
In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed Popish Plot sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, was a Catholic.
The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties.
Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile.
Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death in 1685.
He was received into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.
Charles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the "Merry Monarch", in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans.
Charles's wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no live children, but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses.
He was succeeded by his brother James.
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny( 29 July 167227 May 1723), of Goodwood House near Chichester in Sussex, was an illegitimate son of King Charles II by his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth.
Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis PC( 28 December 1655 – 29 April 1698) was a British politician who served as First Lord of the Admiralty.
He succeeded his father Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Baron Cornwallis as Baron Cornwallis in 1673.
On 27 December that year, at Westminster Abbey, he married Elizabeth Fox( d. 28 February 1681 in Tunbridge Wells), daughter of Sir Stephen Fox.
Their son Charles succeeded him as 4th Baron Cornwallis.
After Elizabeth's death, he married Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, widow of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.
Lucy Walter
Lucy Walter or Lucy Barlow( c. 1630 – 1658) was a Welsh mistress of King Charles II of England and mother of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.
She is believed to have been born in 1630 or a little later at Roch Castle near Haverfordwest, Wales, into a family of middling gentry.
The question of whether King Charles had secretly married Lucy Walter was raised during the Exclusion Crisis, when a Protestant faction wished to make her son the heir to the throne, while the king denied any marriage, and supported the claim of his brother, the Duke of York.
Sir Bourchier Wrey, 4th Baronet
Sir Bourchier Wrey, 4th Baronet( 1653 – 1696) of Tawstock Court in North Devon, was a Member of Parliament and a noted duellist.
He commanded a regiment of horse after the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, serving under James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth.

Question: When is James Scott, 1St Duke Of Monmouth's father's birthday?
Answer: 29 May 1630