W. E. B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt
Du Bois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor.
Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community, and after completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University.
Due to his contributions in the African-American community he was seen as a member of a Black elite that supported some aspects of eugenics for blacks.
Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Before that, Du Bois had risen to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists that wanted equal rights for blacks.
Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities.
Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite.
He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth, a concept under the umbrella of Racial uplift, and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.
Racism was the main target of Du Bois's polemics, and he strongly protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment.
His cause included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and Asians in colonies.
He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several Pan-African Congresses to fight for the independence of African colonies from European powers.
Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia.
After World War I, he surveyed the experiences of American black soldiers in France and documented widespread prejudice and racism in the United States military.
Du Bois was a prolific author.
His collection of essays, "The Souls of Black Folk", is a seminal work in African-American literature; and his 1935 magnum opus, "Black Reconstruction in America", challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible for the failures of the Reconstruction Era.
Borrowing a phrase from Frederick Douglass, he popularized the use of the term color line to represent the injustice of the separate but equal doctrine prevalent in American social and political life.
He opens "The Souls of Black Folk" with the central thesis of much of his life's work: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line."
He wrote one of the first scientific treatises in the field of American sociology, and he published three autobiographies, each of which contains essays on sociology, politics and history.
In his role as editor of the NAACP's journal "The Crisis", he published many influential pieces.
Du Bois believed that capitalism was a primary cause of racism, and he was generally sympathetic to socialist causes throughout his life.
He was an ardent peace activist and advocated nuclear disarmament.
The United States' Civil Rights Act, embodying many of the reforms for which Du Bois had campaigned his entire life, was enacted a year after his death.
Les Corsaires du Bois de Boulogne
Les Corsaires du Bois de Boulogne , is a French comedy film from 1954, directed and written by Norbert Carbonnaux, starring Raymond Bussières and Louis de Funès.
Angels of Sin
Angels of Sin( original French title:" Les anges du péché") was the first feature film directed by Robert Bresson.
Made in 1943, nine years after his comedy short" Affaires publiques", it was Bresson's only film released during the German occupation of France.
Working titles included" Bethany", and Bresson's favored title" The Exchange", but producers felt these titles were n't sensational enough.
This film was made with a cast of professional actors, an aspect it shares with Bresson's next film," Les dames du Bois de Boulogne", which would be his last done that way.
Though usually seen as being the most" conventional" of Bresson's features, the religious subject matter and the directness of the film's style is seen by many as auspicious of the director's later work.
Bresson collaborated on the film's screenplay with Raymond Leopold Bruckberger, a Dominican priest, and the noted dramatist Jean Giraudoux, who received top billing on the film's posters above the then- unknown Bresson.
Bois de Boulogne (film)
Bois de Boulogne is the title of two short 1896 films, both directed by Georges Méliès and both considered lost:
Camille du Bois de la Motte
Camille du Bois de la Motte (fl. 1789-92) was a French marchioness and political activist.
In 1789, she was involved in the plans of Princess Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte, a future queen of Sweden, to depose King Gustav III of Sweden, and acted as the link between Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte and the Fersen family.
She was the daughter of Louis Marc Pons, marquis de Pons, the ambassador of France in Sweden in 1783-1789.
As she had done during his tenure in Madrid, she accompanied him to Stockholm, where she acted as his hostess and secretary, and assisted him by creating a net of valuable contacts within the aristocracy and diplomatic corps through her role as a hostess.
In 1784, she made herself the personal friend of Princess Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte during the absence of Sophie von Fersen, and that summer, the three women made a pledge of friendship by uniting in the order "La verite et constante amitie" at the Rosersberg Palace.
France, which was the ally of both Sweden and Russia, opposed the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90), and her father wished to initiate peace negotiations between Sweden and Russia through France.
Camille du Bois de la Motte was given the task to use her friendship with Charlotte to arrange a meeting with her father and the King Gustav III of Sweden.
During the meeting, in the park of Karlberg Palace, Camille du Bois de la Motte handled the negotiations alone with the King in the presence of her father and Charlotte.
She convinced the king to agree to peace negotiations.
They were to be handled by her father, who would keep in touch with Russia through the French ambassador in Russia, and the Swedish king through Charlotte.
The negotiations, however, failed, and she told Charlotte that she believed Gustav III to have agreed to them to stall time and that it had been his intention to trick France all along.
During the war, her friendship with Charlotte was criticized, as it was believed that she used it to inform the foreign diplomats in Stockholm of war secrets given to her by Charlotte.
Princess Charlotte denied this, but it was likely the truth.
During the Riksdag of 1789, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte prepared to depose Gustav III and place her husband Duke Charles upon the throne, and the war and the Union and Security Act had made her a leading part of the opposition from the nobility.
She cooperated with Prince Frederick Adolf and Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm.
The plan was to force Charles to act as a symbol of the opposition to the Union and Security Act when the time was right.
When the time arrived to make Charles act, however, he refused, which effectively discontinued the coup.
Camille du Bois de la Motte is known to have been involved in the attempted coup: she acted as a channel between the party of the princess and that of the von Fersen family, who represented the opposition of the nobility, as well as the diplomatic corps of Stockholm.
Camille du Bois de la Motte left Sweden with her father when the diplomatic contact between France and Sweden was severed during the war in late 1789.
She followed her father to Berlin, where she acted as his secretary and hostess during his post there.
They later returned to France.
She and Charlotte continued their correspondence even after all correspondence between France and Sweden were banned by Gustav III after the French Revolution.
She may have influenced Charlotte's political views:
initially, Charlotte, as a sympathizer of a constitutional monarchy, welcomed the revolution, but her views became conservative during the 1790s.
Camille du Bois de la Motte was a French royalist, whose family lost its assets during the revolution.
She acted as the agent of Charlotte in France, and Charlotte's friend, Sophie von Fersen, are known to have sent sensitive letters to Axel von Fersen the Younger through her.
In 1792, Camille du Bois de la Motte warned Charlotte that the next appointed ambassador of France to Sweden, Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur, was an untrustworthy Jacobin, a warning she is to have sent Charlotte on the mission of queen Marie Antoinette.
Robert Bresson
Robert Bresson( 25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999) was a French film director.
Known for his ascetic approach, Bresson contributed notably to the art of cinema; his non-professional actors, ellipses, and sparse use of scoring have led his works to be regarded as preeminent examples of minimalist film.
Bresson is among the most highly regarded French filmmakers of all time.
His works" A Man Escaped"( 1956)," Pickpocket"( 1959) and" Au hasard Balthazar"( 1966) were ranked among the 100 greatest films ever made in the 2012" Sight& Sound" critics' poll.
Other films of his, such as" Mouchette"( 1967) and" L' Argent"( 1983), also received many votes.
Jean- Luc Godard once wrote," He is the French cinema, as Dostoevsky is the Russian novel and Mozart is German[" sic"] music."
A Lion Is in the Streets
A Lion Is in the Streets is a 1953 drama film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring James Cagney as a southern politician loosely based on Huey Long.
Cagney's brother William was the producer, while his younger sister Jeanne was a member of the cast.
The screenplay was based on a 1945 book by Adria Locke Langley.
The film is compared to the similar 1949 film "All the King's Men", featuring Broderick Crawford in an Academy Award-winning performance.
W. Augustus Barratt
W. Augustus Barratt( 1873- 1947) was a Scottish- born, later American, songwriter and musician.
Raoul Walsh
Raoul A. Walsh( March 11, 1887 December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences( AMPAS) and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh.
He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic" The Birth of a Nation"( 1915) and for directing such films as" The Big Trail"( 1930), starring John Wayne," High Sierra"( 1941), starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart; and" White Heat"( 1949), starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien.
He directed his last film in 1964.
Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne
Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne( French for" The Ladies of the Bois de Boulogne") is a 1945 French film directed by Robert Bresson.
It is a modern adaptation of a section of Denis Diderot's" Jacques le fataliste"( 1796) that tells the story of a man who is tricked into marrying a prostitute.
" Les Dames" was Bresson's second feature.
It is also his last film to feature a cast entirely composed of professional actors.

Question: Which film has the director born later, Les Dames Du Bois De Boulogne or A Lion Is In The Streets?
Answer: Les Dames Du Bois De Boulogne