Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa (20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632
), also known as Sigismund III of Poland, was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 as well as King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 until his deposition in 1599.
Sigismund was the son of John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagiellon of Poland.
Elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, he sought to create a personal union between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish–Swedish union), and succeeded for a time in 1592.
After he had been deposed in 1599 from the Swedish throne by his Protestant uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a meeting of the Riksens ständer, he spent much of the rest of his life attempting to reclaim it.
A pious yet erratic ruler, Sigismund attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions.
Shortly after his victory over internal opposition, Sigismund took advantage of a period of civil unrest in Muscovy, known as the Time of Troubles, and invaded Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610–12) and Smolensk thereafter.
In 1617 the Polish–Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an armistice in 1611, broke out again.
While Sigismund's army was also fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617–21), King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga in 1621 and seizing almost all of Polish Livonia.
Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown.
His Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of northern Livonian territories and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.
Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland.
One of the country's most recognizable monarchs, he transferred the capital from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596 and his long reign coincided with the apex of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's prestige, power and economic influence.
On the other hand, it was during his reign that the symptoms of decline leading to the Commonwealth's eventual demise surfaced.
Popular histories, such as the books of Paweł Jasienica, tend to present Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes; whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him.
However, the question of whether the Commonwealth's decline was caused by Sigismund's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond his personal control remains highly debatable.
He was commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund's Column, one of the city's landmarks and the first secular monument in the form of a column in modern history.
It was commissioned after Sigismund's death by his son and successor, Władysław IV.
Anna Catherine Constance Vasa
Anna Catherine Constance Vasa of Poland( 7 August 1619 in Warsaw – 8 October 1651 in Cologne) was a Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa and his second wife Constance of Austria.
Giovanni Battista Trevano
Giovanni Battista Trevano( born in Lugano, Switzerland, died 1644 in Krakow, Poland) was an Italian- speaking architect who worked in Poland as royal architect for King Sigismund III Vasa, of the Vasa dynasty, which ruled Poland at the time.
Aleksander Kazimierz Sapieha
Aleksander Kazimierz Sapieha( 13 May 1624 – 22 May 1671) was a Polish nobleman.
He became bishop of Samogitia in 1660 and of Vilnius in 1667.
After the abdication of Jan Kazimierz, he initially supported the candidacy of Philip William, Elector Palatine, the son-in- law of Sigismund III Vasa, but later supported the successful election of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki.
Constance of Austria
Constance of Austria (24 December 1588 – 10 July 1631) was queen of Poland as the second wife of King Sigismund III Vasa and the mother of King John II Casimir.
Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland
Anne of Austria (16 August 1573 – 10 February 1598) was queen consort of Poland and Sweden by marriage to King Sigismund III Vasa.
John III of Sweden
John III (20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death.
He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud.
He was also, quite autonomously, the ruler of Finland, as "Duke John" from 1556 to 1563.
In 1581 he assumed also the title Grand Prince of Finland.
He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his half-brother Eric XIV.
He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap between the newly established Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Catholic church.
His first wife was Catherine Jagellonica of the Polish-Lithuanian ruling family, and their son Sigismund eventually ascended both the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish thrones.
Mikołaj Daniłowicz
Mikołaj Daniłowicz( c. 1558 – May 30, 1624) was a Polish – Lithuanian nobleman and politician.
He was Castellan of Lviv from 1614, Treasurer of the Crown Court from 1610, Grand Treasurer of the Crown from 1617, Speaker of the Sejm in 1593, amongst many other positions as governors of various states.
Educated in 1581 at the University of Dillingen, he went to Sweden during the rule of Sigismund III Vasa.
He took part in the Jan Zamoyski expedition and during the Zebrzydowski rebellion took the side of the ruler.
In 1607 he was envoy to Turkey.
In 1621 he erected a manor house in Warsaw, destroyed during the Swedish invasion, and was rebuilt as the Zaluski Library( Bibliotekę Załuskich).
His son, Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz, also served as Grand Treasurer of the Crown.
His brother Jan Daniłowicz was the grandfather of King Jan III Sobieski.
Stanisław Karnkowski
Stanisław Karnkowski( 1520 – 1603), from Junosza, was the Great Referendary of the Crown( since 1558), the Great Secretary of the Crown( since 1563), bishop of Włocławek( 1567- 1580), archbishop of Gniezno – Primate of Poland( since 1581).
Interrex in 1586 – 1587, before the coronation of Sigismund III Vasa.
Karnkowski chaired the sejm commission which prepared so called" Karnkowski's Statutes" approved by sejm in 1570.
He was the only bishop on the election sejm to vote for Stefan Batory, who was suspected of being a secret Protestant.
He opposed attempts of reforming the way of election made by Jan Zamoyski and proposals of raising up taxes for army.
Stanisław Karnkowski invited Jesuits to Kalisz and Poznań and founded the buildings that had to serve as centres of the struggle against Protestants in Greater Poland.
Due to these activity, strongly supported by the king Sigismund III Vasa, the Jesuit complex was erected( 1586 – 1597).
Stanisław Karnkowski is one of the personas on the famous painting by Jan Matejko: the sermons of Piotr Skarga.
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa and the father of Suleyman Shah, who was, in turn, the grandfather of Ertuğrul, and the great grandfather of the Ottoman Empire founder, Osman I.

Question: Who is Sigismund Iii Vasa's paternal grandfather?
Answer: Gustav I of Sweden