Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)
Maria Alexandrovna , born Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 – 3 June 1880) was Empress of Russia as the first wife of Emperor Alexander II.
She was the mother of Emperor Alexander III and paternal grandmother of Nicholas II and Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, one of the murderers of Rasputin.
She was a daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Wilhelmine of Baden.
Marie was raised in austerity but was well educated by her mother, who took personal charge of her education but died when Marie was still very young.
She was only fourteen years old when the Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, later Tsar Alexander II of Russia, fell in love with her while he was traveling to Western Europe.
She arrived in Russia in September 1840, converted to the Orthodox Church, took the title of Grand Duchess of Russia and traded the name Marie for Maria Alexandrovna.
She married Alexander on 16 April 1841.
The couple had eight children: two daughters and six sons.
For fourteen years (1840–1855), she was Tsarevna, the wife of the heir of the Russian throne.
She became the Russian Empress consort after the death of her father-in-law, Tsar Nicholas I.
Maria Alexandrovna learned the Russian language quickly; she was pious and identified with her adopted country.
She did not enjoy court life or the duties of representation as she was shy and of a withdrawn nature.
As a consequence she was not popular.
She took a more focused interest in charitable activities after the death of her mother-in-law the Dowager Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in 1860.
Maria Alexandrovna was particularly active in the field of female education, establishing Russia's first all female schools.
She organized the Russian Red Cross and expanded its activities during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.
She was deeply affected by the death of her eldest son the Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich in 1865.
By then, her fragile constitution was undermined by her numerous pregnancies and by tuberculosis which afflicted her since 1863.
To avoid the harsh Russian winters, she spent long sojourns in the Crimea and in southern Europe.
During many summers she visited her family in Jugenheim, where she had spent her childhood.
Her marriage to Tsar Alexander II started as a love match and it was happy for some years, but Alexander II had many affairs and in 1866 he fell in love with Catherine Dolgorukova and had four children with his mistress.
Maria Alexandrovna was treated with respect by her philanderer husband
and she was much loved by her surviving children.
After a long illness, she died in 1880.
The Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, the city of Mariinsk in Kemerovo Oblast, and the city of Mariehamn in Åland are named after her.
Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.
This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.
As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.
The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.
If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.
In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.
For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.
This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.
The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).
A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.
A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.
In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.
In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".
Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.
The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".
It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".
For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.
Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis II (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 6 April 1830 until 5 March 1848, resigning during the German Revolution of 1848.
He was the son of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Maria Smolnikova
Maria Alexandrovna Smolnikova( born 17 December 1987) is a Russian actress, best known for her role in the film" Stalingrad"( 2013).
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; ; – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife, Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
She was the younger sister of Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last emperor, Nicholas II.
In 1874 Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; she was the only Romanov to marry into the British royal family.
The couple had five children: a son, Alfred, and four daughters: Marie, Victoria Melita, Alexandra, and Beatrice.
For the first years of her marriage, Maria Alexandrovna lived in England.
She neither adapted to the British court nor overcame her dislike for her adopted country.
She accompanied her husband on his postings as an Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta (1886–1889) and Devonport (1890–1893).
The Duchess of Edinburgh travelled extensively through Europe.
She visited her family in Russia frequently and stayed for long periods in England and Germany attending social and family events.
In August 1893 Maria Alexandrovna became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when her husband inherited the duchy on the death of his childless uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
She enjoyed life in Germany, where she became active in cultural endeavours and charitable work.
To her daughters she gave every support, but she was critical of her wayward son, who died young in 1899.
Her husband died the following year.
In her widowhood Maria Alexandrovna continued to live in Coburg.
The outbreak of World War I divided her sympathies.
She sided with Germany against her native Russia.
Her only surviving brother, Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, her nephew Tsar Nicholas II and many other relatives were killed during the Russian Revolution and she lost her considerable fortune.
From 1893 until her death, she had the distinction of being an Imperial Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British royal Duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign Duke.
After World War I, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the duchy which her husband and nephew had ruled, ceased to exist in November 1918.
Maria Alexandrovna died two years later while living under reduced circumstances in exile in Switzerland.
Maria Alexandrovna
Maria Alexandrovna may refer to:
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; ; – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife, Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
She was the younger sister of Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last emperor, Nicholas II.
In 1874 Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; she was the only Romanov to marry into the British royal family.
The couple had five children: a son, Alfred, and four daughters: Marie, Victoria Melita, Alexandra, and Beatrice.
For the first years of her marriage, Maria Alexandrovna lived in England.
She neither adapted to the British court nor overcame her dislike for her adopted country.
She accompanied her husband on his postings as an Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta (1886–1889) and Devonport (1890–1893).
The Duchess of Edinburgh travelled extensively through Europe.
She visited her family in Russia frequently and stayed for long periods in England and Germany attending social and family events.
In August 1893 Maria Alexandrovna became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when her husband inherited the duchy on the death of his childless uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
She enjoyed life in Germany, where she became active in cultural endeavours and charitable work.
To her daughters she gave every support, but she was critical of her wayward son, who died young in 1899.
Her husband died the following year.
In her widowhood Maria Alexandrovna continued to live in Coburg.
The outbreak of World War I divided her sympathies.
She sided with Germany against her native Russia.
Her only surviving brother, Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich, her nephew Tsar Nicholas II and many other relatives were killed during the Russian Revolution and she lost her considerable fortune.
From 1893 until her death, she had the distinction of being an Imperial Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British royal Duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign Duke.
After World War I, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the duchy which her husband and nephew had ruled, ceased to exist in November 1918.
Maria Alexandrovna died two years later while living under reduced circumstances in exile in Switzerland.
Maria Menshikova
Princess Maria Alexandrovna Menshikova (26 December 1711 – 1729) was a daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, the favourite of Peter I of Russia.
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.
Motherland may also refer to:
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:

Question: Where was the place of death of Maria Alexandrovna (Marie Of Hesse)'s father?
Answer: Darmstadt