Guido Beck
Guido Beck (August 29, 1903 – October 21, 1988) was a physicist born in what was then the town of Reichenberg in the Kingdom of Bohemia
(Austria-Hungary), and is now Liberec in the Czech Republic.
He studied physics in Vienna and received his doctorate in 1925, under Hans Thirring.
He worked in Leipzig in 1928 as an assistant to Werner Heisenberg.
A combination of the troubled political climate of Europe in the 1930s, his own restlessness, and the Nazi persecutions in Germany, made the Jewish-born Beck a traveler in those years.
Until 1935 he worked in Cambridge with Ernest Rutherford, Copenhagen, Prague, United States and Japan.
In 1935, Beck was invited to work in the Soviet Union by Head of the Institute of Physics, Odessa University Yelpidifor Anempodistovich Kirillov.
At the Odessa University Beck head of the Department of Theoretical Physics and gave a course of theoretical physics in German; lectures were simultaneously translated into Ukrainian by assistant Yu.
G. Vekshtein.
In 1936-1937 Beck head of the department of theoretical mechanics at the Institute of Water Transport Engineers in Odessa.
Four of his Odessa students - VV Malyarov, MM Alperin, GV Skrotskii and PE Nemirovsky - became professors in Odessa and Moscow.
In 1937, Guido Beck moved to France, where he was imprisoned when World War II broke out.
In 1941, he fled to Portugal, and in 1943 he emigrated to Argentina.
In Argentina, he was instrumental in training several Argentinian physicists, including José Antonio Balseiro, and had a profound impact in developing physics in Argentina.
He moved once more, this time to Brazil, in 1951, where his influence in developing physics was also great.
He was called back to Argentina in 1962, after the death of Balseiro, and continued his work at the Instituto Balseiro.
In 1975, he returned to Brazil, and worked in the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF).
Apart from his influence as a teacher in South America he contributed to a theory of beta-decay, which was later superseded by a more complete theory by Fermi.
He was a friend of the famous writer Ernesto Sabato.
He died in a car accident in Rio de Janeiro in 1988.
Open Access (UK and Ireland TV channels)
Open Access, Open Access 2 and Open Access 3 were a set of television channels based in the United Kingdom and broadcast on the Sky Digital satellite platform.
They broadcast old films and also sought to broadcast new work from small independent producers.
OFCOM listed the licences for Open Access and Open Access 2 as registered to Open Access Group Limited, while the licence for Open Access 3 was registered to Trace TV( UK) Limited.
Both companies had the same address in Hoxton Square, London.
The company structure is quite complicated, although not unusually so.
The formal registered address of all the companies is that of a firm of chartered accountants in Friern Barnet, north London, however, as is common, this is not the operating address but the address of representatives who handle accounting and legal matters.
Documents available through the companies' associated websites state that Open Access is a trading name of Definition Broadcast Limited.
Definition Broadcast is a company providing various technical services for digital television broadcasting and has an address in Regent Street, central London.
However the address of the registered contacts for the firm's internet domain" definition .tv" is the same Hoxton Square address as that of the Open Access companies.
The main content on the Open Access channels were old films, broadcast under the" Hollywood Classics Network" brand, which appeared to be a separate operation with a postal address in Brixworth, Northamptonshire.
Another brand is" Open View", which was described as a" rolling film competition available to all film makers and media artists".
Applicants were charged a fee of £ 50 to enter their work into the scheme and have it broadcast.
From February 2010, Open Access 3 broadcast live coverage of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series.
Open Access closed on 3 December 2009, after its Sky EPG slot of channel 883 was purchased by Renault TV.
Open Access 2 closed on 21 September 2010 after its Sky EPG slot of channel 189 was purchased by Information TV for Information TV+ 1.
Finally, Open Access 3 closed on 4 April 2011 after its Sky EPG slot of channel 190 was purchased by Sony Pictures Television for Sony Entertainment Television, making it now possible that SPT can launch their Japanese animation- oriented satellite service, Animax in the UK.
Between 17 December 2007 and 1 September 2010 the Open Access Group also operated OMusic TV.
Peter Suber
Peter Dain Suber( born November 8, 1951) is a philosopher specializing in the philosophy of law and open access to knowledge.
He is a Senior Researcher at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet& Society, Director of the Harvard Office for Scholarly Communication, and Director of the Harvard Open Access Project( HOAP).
Suber is known as a leading voice in the open access movement, and as the creator of the game" Nomic".
Open-access repository
An open-access repository or open archive is a digital platform that holds research output and provides free, immediate and permanent access to research results for anyone to use, download and distribute.
To facilitate open access such repositories must be interoperable according to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting( OAI- PMH).
Search engines harvest the content of open access repositories, constructing a database of worldwide, free of charge available research.
Open-access repositories, such as an institutional repository or disciplinary repository, provide free access to research for users outside the institutional community and are one of the recommended ways to achieve the open access vision described in the Budapest Open Access Initiative definition of open access.
This is sometimes referred to as the self- archiving or" green" route to open access.
BioMed Central
BioMed Central( BMC) is a United Kingdom- based, for- profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals.
All its journals are published online only.
BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher.
It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.
Paul Peters (publisher)
Paul Harvey Peters( born September 24, 1982) is the Chief Executive Officer of the Open Access publisher Hindawi.
He is also Chair of the Board of Crossref and was President of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association( OASPA) from 2013 to 2019.
Peters is known for his work as an advocate for Open Access, open infrastructure for Open Science, and research integrity in the published literature.
Jeffrey Beall
Jeffrey Beall is an American librarian, best known for drawing attention to" predatory open access publishing", a term he coined, and for creating what is now widely known as Beall's list, a list of potentially predatory open-access publishers.
He is a critic of the open access publishing movement and particularly how predatory publishers use the open access concept, and is especially known for his blog" Scholarly Open Access".
He has also written on this topic in" The Charleston Advisor", in" Nature", in" Learned Publishing", and elsewhere.
When Beall created his list, he was employed at the University of Colorado Denver.
More recently, he was a librarian at Auraria Library in Denver until March 2018.
Paul Peters (publisher)
Paul Harvey Peters( born September 24, 1982) is the Chief Executive Officer of the Open Access publisher Hindawi.
He is also Chair of the Board of Crossref and was President of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association( OASPA) from 2013 to 2019.
Peters is known for his work as an advocate for Open Access, open infrastructure for Open Science, and research integrity in the published literature.
Hans Thirring
Hans Thirring (March 23, 1888 – March 22, 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring.
He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1920.
Together with the mathematician Josef Lense, he is known for the prediction of the Lense–Thirring frame dragging effect of general relativity in 1918.
He received a deferment during World War I because he had broken one of his feet while skiing.
He was a leading pacifist before the Anschluss and after World War II.
But he could not save his older son, who was declared missing in action during the final two months of World War II.
His body was never located.
Hans Thirring served as assistant, professor, and head of the institute for theoretical physics of
the University of Vienna until his forced retirement in 1938 after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany.
After the end of World War II, he was reinstated and became dean of the philosophical faculty in the years 1946–1947.
He was also active in the Socialist Party of Austria and served as member of the Federal Council of Austria during 1957–1963.
Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association( OASPA) is a non-profit trade association representing the interests of open access journal publishers globally in all scientific, technical and scholarly disciplines.
Along with promoting open access publishers( particularly open access journals), OASPA sets best practices and provides a forum for the exchange of information on and experiences of open access.
OASPA brings together the major open access publishers on the one hand and independent—often society- based or university- based—publishers on the other, along with some hybrid open access publishers.
While having started out with an exclusive focus on open access journals, it is now expanding its activities to include matters pertaining to open access books too.

Question: What is Guido Beck's alma mater?
Answer: University of Vienna