Dark matter
Dark matter is a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe and about a quarter of its total energy density.
Its presence is implied in a variety of astrophysical observations, including gravitational effects that can not be explained by accepted theories of gravity unless more matter is present than can be seen.
For this reason, most experts think that dark matter is abundant in the universe and that it has had a strong influence on its structure and evolution.
Dark matter is called dark because it does not appear to interact with observable electromagnetic radiation, such as light, and so it is undetectable by existing astronomical instruments.
Primary evidence for dark matter comes from calculations showing that many galaxies would fly apart, or that they would not have formed or would not move as they do, if they did not contain a large amount of unseen matter.
Other lines of evidence include observations in gravitational lensing and in the cosmic microwave background, along with astronomical observations of the observable universe's current structure, the formation and evolution of galaxies, mass location during galactic collisions, and the motion of galaxies within galaxy clusters.
In the standard Lambda- CDM model of cosmology, the total mass –energy of the universe contains 5% ordinary matter and energy, 27% dark matter and 68% of an unknown form of energy known as dark energy.
Thus, dark matter constitutes 85% of total mass, while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95% of total mass – energy content.
Because dark matter has not yet been observed directly, if it exists, it must barely interact with ordinary baryonic matter and radiation, except through gravity.
Most dark matter is thought to be non-baryonic in nature; it may be composed of some as- yet undiscovered subatomic particles.
The primary candidate for dark matter is some new kind of elementary particle that has not yet been discovered, in particular, weakly- interacting massive particles( WIMPs).
Many experiments to directly detect and study dark matter particles are being actively undertaken, but none have yet succeeded.
Dark matter is classified as" coldwarm", or" hot" according to its velocity( more precisely, its free streaming length).
Current models favor a cold dark matter scenario, in which structures emerge by gradual accumulation of particles.
Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by the scientific community, some astrophysicists, intrigued by certain observations which do not fit the dark matter theory, argue for various modifications of the standard laws of general relativity, such as modified Newtonian dynamics, tensor – vector – scalar gravity, or entropic gravity.
These models attempt to account for all observations without invoking supplemental non-baryonic matter.
Dark matter halo
According to modern models of physical cosmology, a dark matter halo is a basic unit of cosmological structure.
It is a region that has decoupled from cosmic expansion and contains gravitationally bound matter.
A single dark matter halo may contain multiple virialized clumps of dark matter bound together by gravity, known as subhalos.
Modern cosmological models, such as ΛCDM, propose that dark matter halos and subhalos may contain galaxies.
The dark matter halo of a galaxy envelops the galactic disc and extends well beyond the edge of the visible galaxy.
Thought to consist of dark matter, halos have not been observed directly.
Their existence is inferred through observations of their effects on the motions of stars and gas in galaxies and gravitational lensing.
Dark matter halos play a key role in current models of galaxy formation and evolution.
Theories that attempt to explain the nature of dark matter halos with varying degrees of success include Cold Dark Matter( CDM), Warm Dark Matter, and massive compact halo objects( MACHOs).
Shima (film)
Shima is a 2007 film from Uzbekistan.
A Kind of America
A Kind of America is a Hungarian comedy film from 2002.
Bombay Dreams (film)
Bombay Dreams is a Swedish comedy film from 2004.
Baryonic dark matter
In astronomy and cosmology, baryonic dark matter is dark matter composed of baryons.
Only a small proportion of the dark matter in the universe is likely to be baryonic.
Dark Matter (film)
Dark Matter is a 2007 American drama film and the first feature film by opera director Chen Shi-zheng, starring Liu Ye, Aidan Quinn and Meryl Streep.
It won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.
Liu Ye plays a young scientist whose rising star must confront the dark forces of politics, ego, and cultural insensitivity.
The film is based on the University of Iowa shooting.
California Winter
California Winter is an American drama film from 2012.
Rising Damp (film)
Rising Damp is a 1980 comedy film based on the British situation comedy" Rising Damp", which aired on ITV from 1974 to 1978.
The television series was, in turn, adapted from Eric Chappell's stage play" The Banana Box".
Chappell adapted the play to television, and wrote the screenplay for this feature film.
The film's director was Joseph McGrath.
Leonard Rossiter plays Rupert Rigsby, the middle- aged landlord of a decrepit townhouse.
Rigsby has fallen for his only female tenant, Ruth Jones( Frances de la Tour).
Ruth, however, prefers Philip, who is much younger, more attractive, and more sophisticated than either Rigsby or her.
Philip( Don Warrington) is not especially interested in Ruth, but he eggs Rigsby on in order to humiliate him.
In adapting the television series to film, the setting was changed from Yorkshire to inner-city London.
As Richard Beckinsale had died the year before, his character of Alan was rewritten with Christopher Strauli cast as a new character, art student John.
The character of Alan is briefly referred to as having left Rigsby's house.
For her performance as Ruth Jones, Frances da la Tour received an Evening Standard British Film Award in the category of" Best Actress".
Cayuco (film)
Cayuco is a Spanish documentary film from 2007.

Question: Are the movies Rising Damp (Film) and Dark Matter (Film), from the same country?
Answer: no