Duncan II of Scotland
Donnchad mac Máel Coluim( Modern Gaelic:" Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim"; anglicised as Duncan II; c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots.
He was son of Malcolm III( Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.
Máel Coluim, King of Strathclyde
Máel Coluim( died 997) was a tenth- century King of Strathclyde.
He was a younger son of Dyfnwal ab Owain, King of Strathclyde, and thus a member of the Cumbrian dynasty that had ruled the kingdom for generations.
Máel Coluim's Gaelic name could indicate that he was born during either an era of amiable relations with the Scots, or else during a period of Scottish overlordship.
In 945, the Edmund I, King of the English invaded the kingdom, and appears to have granted the Scots permission to dominate the Cumbrians.
The English king is further reported to have blinded several of Máel Coluim's brothers in an act that could have been an attempt to deprive Dyfnwal of an heir.
It is unknown when Dyfnwal's reign came to an end.
There is reason to suspect that a certain Rhydderch ap Dyfnwal was a son of his, and that this man ruled when he assassinated the reigning King of Alba in 971.
Certainly by 973, Máel Coluim was associated with the kingship, as both he and his father are recorded to have been participated in a remarkable meeting of kings assembled by Edgar, King of the English.
The context of this assembly is not entirely clear.
It could have concerned the stability of the border between the English realm and that of the Scots and Cumbrians.
It could have also focused upon lurking threat of Vikings based in Dublin and the Isles.
Máel Coluim's father died in 975, having set off upon a pilgrimage to Rome.
Quite when Máel Coluim succeeded Dyfnwal is uncertain.
It could have been before, during, or after the assembly of 973.
In any case, Máel Coluim's reign was evidently unremarkable, although the tenth- century" Saltair na Rann" preserves several lines of verse in his praise.
Máel Coluim appears to have been succeeded by a brother, Owain.
This man's successor, Owain Foel, seems to have been a son of Máel Coluim.
Alexander I of Scotland
Alexander I( medieval Gaelic:" Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim"; modern Gaelic:" Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim"; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed
The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death.
Máel Coluim, son of the king of the Cumbrians
Máel Coluim( fl. 1054) was an eleventh- century magnate who seems to have been established as either King of Alba or King of Strathclyde.
In 1055, Siward, Earl of Northumbria defeated Mac Bethad mac Findlaích, the reigning ruler of the Kingdom of Alba.
As a result of this military success against the Scots, several sources assert that Siward established Máel Coluim as king.
It is uncertain whether this concerned the kingship of Alba or the kingship of Strathclyde.
The fact that Máel Coluim is described as the son of a" King of the Cumbrians" suggests that he was a member of the Cumbrian royal dynasty of Strathclyde, and could indicate that he was a close relative of Owain Foel, King of Strathclyde, the last known King of Strathclyde.
Máel Coluim's Gaelic personal name could indicate that he was maternally descended from the royal Alpínid dynasty of Alba, which would have in turn endowed him with a claim to the Scottish throne.
Máel Coluim's fate is unknown.
The fact that Siward died in 1055, and Mac Bethad retained authority in Alba, suggests that Máel Coluim was quickly overcome.
There is evidence indicating that the southern reaches of the Kingdom of Strathclyde—the territories upon the Solway Plain—fell into the hands of the English during Siward's" floruit".
The more northerly lands of the realm seem to have been conquered by Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, King of Alba sometime between 1058 and 1070, and it is uncertain whether an independent Kingdom of Strathclyde still existed by the time of this conquest.
In any event, Máel Coluim appears to be the last member of the Cumbrian royal dynasty on record.
Meic Uilleim
The Meic Uilleim (MacWilliams) were the Gaelic descendants of William fitz Duncan, grandson of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, king of Scots.
They were excluded from the succession by the descendants of Máel Coluim's son David I during the 12th century and raised a number of rebellions to vindicate their claims to the Mormaerdom of Moray and perhaps to the rule of Scotland.
Bethóc
Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim meic Cináeda was the elder daughter of Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, and the mother of his successor, Duncan I.
Máel Coluim of Moray
Máel Coluim of Moray( or Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti) was King or Mormaer of Moray( 1020 – 1029), and, as his name suggests, the son of a Máel Brigte.
As with his predecessor Findláech mac Ruaidrí, sources call him" King of Scotland."
Rather confusingly for some of our sources and for some historians, Máel Coluim held the kingship contemporaneously with another Máel Coluim, Máel Coluim II( mac Cináeda) of Scotland.
The Orkneyinga Saga for instance tells us that Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney was the son of the daughter of Máel Coluim, king of Scotland.
Some historians have argued that this was Máel Coluim mac Cináeda of Scotland, but Hudson has suggested that Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti is the more likely candidate( p. 135).
His death date derives from the Annals of Tigernach, which notes s.a. 1029, Mael Colaim mac Mael- Brighdi mac Ruaidrí, rí Alban mortuus estMáel Coluim, son of Máel Brigte, son of Ruadrí, King of Scotland, dies
As can be seen, if it were not for the" mac Mael- Brighdi", we could easily assume we were being given an inaccurate date for the death of King Máel Coluim II.
Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti seems to have been succeeded by his brother Gille Coemgáin.
Domnall mac Máil Coluim," son of the King of Scotland", whose death is reported by the Annals of Ulster s.a. 1085, may have been a son of this Máel Coluim, or perhaps of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada( Malcolm III).
Máel Coluim I, Earl of Fife
Mormaer Máel Coluim of Fife( 1204–1228), or Maol Choluim anglicised as Malcolm, was one of the more obscure mormaers of Fife.
He married Matilda, the daughter of Gille Brigte, the mormaer of Strathearn.
He is credited with the foundation of Culross Abbey.
Upon the death of Máel Coluim I, probably in 1228, he was succeeded by his nephew Máel Coluim II, son of Máel Coluim I's brother Donnchadh, son of Donnchadh II.
Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
Máel Coluim II( or Maol Choluim II, usually anglicized as Malcolm II), was a 13th- century Mormaer of Fife who ruled the mormaerdom or earldom of Fife between 1228 and 1266.
He was the nephew of Máel Coluim I, the previous mormaer, and the son of Máel Coluim I's brother Donnchadh, son of Donnchadh II.
He is one of the Scottish magnates whose name occurred as a guarantor in the Treaty of York on 25 September 1237.
He participated in the famous inauguration of King Alexander III of Scotland at Scone on 13 July 1249, where the mormaers of Fife had a traditional senior role in the coronation.
He played a role during the minority of Alexander III of Scotland, being appointed one of the guardians in the king on 20 September 1255.
He appears to have had a close relationship with Henry III of England, both during the minority and after, and in Scotland may have been allied with Alan Durward.
He was fined in Northumberland on 24 April 1256, for not appearing before royal justices on the first day of their session, as presumably ordered.
He disappears from the records after the" coup" against the minority administration in 1256- 57, but reappears a few years later when he is recorded swearing an oath to Henry to promise to maintain the position of the young king and queen when the latter, Henry III's daughter Margaret, went to England in 1260.
Máel Coluim II died in 1266.
He had married Elen ferch Llywelyn, who after Máel Coluim's death married the Mormaer of Mar, Domhnall.
He had two sons who are known to us.
The elder was Colbán, to whom the mormaerdom passed after Máel Coluim's death.
Chieftaincy of Clann Meic Duibh went to another son, whose name however is unknown as he was only referred to by his title" MacDuibh".
Máel Coluim appears from later records to have granted lands to this younger son, which were later dispossessed by William Wishart, Bishop of St Andrews, later backed by King John de Balliol, against whom" MacDuibh" appealed to King Edward I of England.
Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair
Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair(" fl." 1124–1134) was an illegitimate son of Alexander I of Scotland was an unsuccessful pretender to the Scottish throne.
( This is the medieval Gaelic version of his name, in modern Gaelic he would be" Máel Coluim mac Alasdair", and in English he would be" Malcolm son of Alexander".)
He is a relatively obscure figure owing primarily to the scarcity of source material, appearing only in pro-David English sources, which label him a" bastard".
When Alexander I died in 1124, Máel Coluim's uncle David I came to the throne with the help of King Henry I of England and David's own Norman retainers.
Orderic Vitalis reports that Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair" affected to snatch the kingdom from[ David], and fought against him two sufficiently fierce battles; but David, who was loftier in understanding and in power and wealth, conquered him and his followers".
Máel Coluim's war against David and Henry may have involved the death of David's eldest son.
Before recounting the war against Máel Coluim, Orderic Vitalis reported the death of this son at the hands of an exiled Norwegian priest; but Orderic's account is so obscure that it is difficult to make anything of it.
The priest was reportedly a member of David's household, and was put to death by being bound to the tails of four horses.
Whether or not the two events were connected, Máel Coluim escaped unharmed into areas of Scotland not yet under David's control, and there gained shelter and some measure of support; when Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair renewed his claim to the throne six years later, he had the support and protection of the king of Moray.
In 1130, Máel Coluim enters the scant sources once more.
Máel Coluim now had the backing of Óengus of Moray.
King Óengus was David's most powerful" vassal", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland, even had his own claim to the kingdom.
Máel Coluim and Óengus' forces had advanced into Angus when they were met by David's Mercian constable, Edward; the ensuing Battle of Stracathro took place near Brechin.
According to the" Annals of Ulster", 1000 of Edward's army, and 4000 of Óengus' army, including Óengus himself, died.
According to Orderic Vitalis, Edward followed up the killing of Óengus by marching north into Moray itself, which, in his words," lacked a defender and lord"; and so Edward," with God's help obtained the entire duchy of that extensive district".
However, this was far from the end of it.
Máel Coluim again escaped, and four years of this continuing Scottish" civil war" followed; for David this period was quite simply a" struggle for survival".
It appears that David applied for and obtained extensive military aid from his patron, King Henry.
Ailred of Rievaulx relates that at this point a large fleet and a large army of Norman knights, including Walter l'Espec, and were sent by Henry to Carlisle to assist in David's attempt to root out his Scottish enemies.
The fleet seems to have been used in the Irish Sea, the Firth of Clyde and the entire Argyll coast, where Máel Coluim was probably at large among supporters.
By 1134 Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle.
Máel Coluim's eventual fate is unknown.
He was, and to a large extent still is, confused with Máel Coluim mac Áeda, son of Áed, later Mormaer of Ross.

Question: What is the date of death of Máel Coluim Mac Alaxandair's father?
Answer: 23 April 1124