Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death.
Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.
After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649.
However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a "de facto" republic led by Oliver Cromwell.
Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe.
Cromwell became virtual dictator of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands.
A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles was invited to return to Britain.
On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim.
After 1660, all legal documents stating a regnal year did so as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649.
Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England.
Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance.
The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
In 1670, he entered into the Treaty of Dover, an alliance with his cousin King Louis XIV of France.
Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date.
Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it.
In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed Popish Plot sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, was a Catholic.
The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties.
Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile.
Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death in 1685.
He was received into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.
Charles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the "Merry Monarch", in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans.
Charles's wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no live children, but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses.
He was succeeded by his brother James.
George Beauclerk, 4th Duke of St Albans
George Beauclerk, 4th Duke of St Albans
( 5 December 1758 – 10 February 1787) was the son of Lt.- Col. Charles Beauclerk and a great- grandson of Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans.
He died in 1787, aged 28 in London, unmarried and childless, and his titles passed to his cousin, Aubrey Beauclerk.
Charles Beauclerk, 2nd Duke of St Albans
Charles Beauclerk, 2nd Duke of St Albans, KG KB (6 April 1696 – 27 July 1751) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1718 until 1726 when he succeeded to a peerage as Duke of St Albans.
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica, 1st Duke of Fitz- James( 21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo- French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough.
Berwick was a successful general in the pay of Louis XIV of France.
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond
Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny( 29 July 167227 May 1723), of Goodwood House near Chichester in Sussex, was an illegitimate son of King Charles II by his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth.
Hubba bint Hulail
Hubba bint Hulail was the grandmother of Hashim ibn' Abd Manaf, thus the great- great- great- grandmother of the Islamic" Nabī"( Prophet) Muhammad ibn Abdullah.
Lord George Beauclerk
Lieutenant- General Lord George Beauclerk( 26 December 1704 – 11 May 1768) was a British Army officer, the sixth son of Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans by his wife Diana, daughter of Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford.
George Beauclerk, 3rd Duke of St Albans
George Beauclerk, 3rd Duke of St Albans( 25 June 1730 – 1 February 1786) was a son of Charles Beauclerk, 2nd Duke of St Albans and his wife Lucy Werden.
His grandfather, Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England by his mistress Nell Gwynne.
Beauclerk married Jane Roberts, daughter of Sir Walter Roberts, 6th Baronet of Glassenbury( 1691 – 1745) and his wife Elizabeth Slaughter, only daughter and heiress of William Slaughter, of Rochester, county Kent.
Jane Roberts died on 16 December 1778 without issue.
On Beauclerk's death in 1786, his titles passed to his cousin, George Beauclerk.
He was High Steward of Windsor in 1751, a Lord of the Bedchamber in the same year, and Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire from 1751 – 1760 and again from 1771- 1786.
He died in Brussels.
Lord William Beauclerk
Lord William Beauclerk( 22 May 1698 – 1733) was a British army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1724 to 1733.
Beauclerk was the second son of Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, and his wife Lady Diana de Vere, daughter of Aubrey de Vere, 20th and last Earl of Oxford.
He was educated at Eton College in 1707 and joined the army.
He was a lieutenant in the 2nd Foot in 1716 and a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1721.
He married Charlotte Werden, daughter of Sir John Werden, 2nd Baronet on.
13 December 1722.
Beauclerk was returned as Member of Parliament for Chichester at a by-election on 20 January 1724 with the support of his cousin Charles Lennox.
He supported the Administration throughout his time in Parliament.
He was returned at Chichester at the 1727 general election.
In 1728 he was appointed vice- chamberlain of the Household to Queen Caroline.
Beauclerk died on 23 February 1733.
He left two sons and two daughters.
His brothers Charles Beauclerk, Earl of Burford, Vere, Henry, Sidney and George were also Members of Parliament.
Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans
Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, KG (8 May 167010 May 1726) was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England by his mistress Nell Gwynne.

Question: Who is the paternal grandmother of Charles Beauclerk, 1St Duke Of St Albans?
Answer: Henrietta Maria of France