Empress Dowager Dong
Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Xiaoren, was an empress dowager of the Eastern Han dynasty of China.
She was never empress throughout her life because she was the wife of a marquis; she only became empress dowager because her son, Liu Hong (Emperor Ling), became the emperor by chance.
During her son's reign, she developed a rivalry with her daughter-in-law, Empress He, because she wanted Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, to be crown prince while Empress He wanted her own son, Liu Bian to succeed his father.
Emperor Ling died in 189 before he managed to designate either of his two sons as crown prince.
Liu Bian eventually took the throne as Emperor Shao; Empress Dowager Dong, as the emperor's grandmother, became grand empress dowager, while her daughter-in-law became empress dowager.
Empress Dowager
He eventually conspired with her brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, to unseat her mother-in-law from power.
Grand Empress Dowager Dong died of illness shortly after her downfall; the common people held Empress Dowager He and her family responsible for the grand empress dowager's death.
Lu Huinan
Lu Huinan( 412 – February 24, 466), formally Empress Dowager Zhao( 昭太后, literally" accomplished empress dowager"), semi-formally Empress Dowager Chongxian( 崇憲太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.
She had been a concubine of Emperor Wen, and she became empress dowager because her son Liu Jun later became emperor( as Emperor Xiaowu).
Lu Huinan
Lu Huinan( 412 – February 24, 466), formally Empress Dowager Zhao( 昭太后, literally" accomplished empress dowager"), semi-formally Empress Dowager Chongxian( 崇憲太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.
She had been a concubine of Emperor Wen, and she became empress dowager because her son Liu Jun later became emperor( as Emperor Xiaowu).
Zhu Youlang
The Yongli Emperor (1623–1662; reigned 18 November 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was the fourth and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty.
His era name means "Perpetual calendar".
Zhu Youlang was the son of Zhu Changying (朱常瀛), the seventh son of the Wanli Emperor.
He inherited the title Prince of Gui (桂王) from his brother and lived an obscure life as a minor member of the extremely large imperial family until the fall of Beijing and the suicide of Chongzhen, the last Ming emperor, in 1644 due to the rebellion of Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and Zhang Xianzhong after Li Zicheng took Beijing.
The true beneficiaries of the collapse of the Ming were the Qing dynasty which was founded by the northeastern Manchu Aisin Gioro family that rapidly conquered northern China, the Lower Yangtze valley, and Central China after mass defection from Ming remnants including Wu Sangui who let the Qing through the Great Wall to fight Li Zicheng.
Descendants of the Ming continued to hang on in the south, and Youlang ascended the throne as the fourth Southern Ming emperor, with the reign-title Yongli in November 1646.
Then he converted to Christianity thanks to the efforts of Polish Jesuit Michał Boym.
By 1661, pressed back into Yunnan province, he fled to Burma.
A Qing Han Banner army led by Wu Sangui followed and captured him there, and he was executed in June 1662.
Empress Dowager Ma
Princess Dowager Ma( 馬太后, personal name unknown; died 362) was the mother of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua.
She was a concubine of Zhang Chonghua's father Zhang Jun.
Nothing is known about Lady Ma's acts during Zhang Jun's reign, other than her status as his heir apparent's mother.
( This implies that Zhang Jun's wife Princess Yan had no sons.)
After Zhang Jun's death in 346, Zhang Chonghua succeeded him and honored her as" Empress Dowager" while honoring Princess Yan as" Grand Empress Dowager."
After Zhang Chonghua died in 353, his son Zhang Yaoling carried the Jin Dynasty( 265- 420)- created title Duke of Xiping and was the titular ruler, but actual power was in Empress Dowager Ma's and Zhang Chonghua's older brother Zhang Zuo's hands.
Most historians believed that she had an affair with Zhang Zuo, and later that year, she deposed Zhang Yaoling and replaced him with Zhang Zuo.
In 355, however, the overly extravagant and cruel Zhang Zuo was deposed and killed by a coalition of officials, including Zhang Guan( 張瓘) and Song Hun( 宋混), and they pressured her into making Zhang Chonghua's younger son, Zhang Xuanjing, the new ruler.
( Zhang Yaoling had been killed by Zhang Zuo earlier that year.)
Zhang Guan initially served as regent, but was killed in 359 by Song Hun, who served as regent until his death in 361.
He was replaced by his brother Song Cheng( 宋澄), who was in turn killed by Zhang Yong( 張邕) later that year.
It was said that Empress Dowager Ma also carried on an affair with Zhang Yong, who was in turn overthrown by Zhang Jun's youngest son Zhang Tianxi late in the year.
In 362, Empress Dowager Ma died.
Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太皇太后)( personal name unknown)( 89 BC – 37 BC), also known as Empress Shangguan( 上官皇后), Empress Xiaozhao( 孝昭皇后) and Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太后), was an Empress, Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the Han Dynasty and wife of Emperor Zhao.
Her father was Shangguan An( 上官安), the son of Shangguan Jie( 上官桀).
Her mother was the daughter of Huo Guang.
She was a key figure in a number of political incidents during the middle Han Dynasty, and she spent her entire adult life as a Grand Empress Dowager and a widow without family.
Both sides of her family were wiped out in two separate mass executions as punishment for being relatives of individuals accused of seeking to usurp the throne.
She remains the youngest person in Chinese history to assume the titles of both Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager.
Empress Dowager Ma
Princess Dowager Ma( 馬太后, personal name unknown; died 362) was the mother of the Chinese state Former Liang's ruler Zhang Chonghua.
She was a concubine of Zhang Chonghua's father Zhang Jun.
Nothing is known about Lady Ma's acts during Zhang Jun's reign, other than her status as his heir apparent's mother.
( This implies that Zhang Jun's wife Princess Yan had no sons.)
After Zhang Jun's death in 346, Zhang Chonghua succeeded him and honored her as" Empress Dowager" while honoring Princess Yan as" Grand Empress Dowager."
After Zhang Chonghua died in 353, his son Zhang Yaoling carried the Jin Dynasty( 265- 420)- created title Duke of Xiping and was the titular ruler, but actual power was in Empress Dowager Ma's and Zhang Chonghua's older brother Zhang Zuo's hands.
Most historians believed that she had an affair with Zhang Zuo, and later that year, she deposed Zhang Yaoling and replaced him with Zhang Zuo.
In 355, however, the overly extravagant and cruel Zhang Zuo was deposed and killed by a coalition of officials, including Zhang Guan( 張瓘) and Song Hun( 宋混), and they pressured her into making Zhang Chonghua's younger son, Zhang Xuanjing, the new ruler.
( Zhang Yaoling had been killed by Zhang Zuo earlier that year.)
Zhang Guan initially served as regent, but was killed in 359 by Song Hun, who served as regent until his death in 361.
He was replaced by his brother Song Cheng( 宋澄), who was in turn killed by Zhang Yong( 張邕) later that year.
It was said that Empress Dowager Ma also carried on an affair with Zhang Yong, who was in turn overthrown by Zhang Jun's youngest son Zhang Tianxi late in the year.
In 362, Empress Dowager Ma died.
Empress Dowager Ma (Southern Ming)
Empress Dowager Ma (1578–1669), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng (昭聖太后), was an empress dowager of the Southern Ming Dynasty.
She was the birth mother of the Yongli Emperor.
She converted to Roman Catholicism and adopted the name Maria.
Empress Dowager Bo
Empress Dowager Bo( 薄太后) was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han( Liu Bang).
She was also known as Consort Bo( 薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen( 孝文太后) or( rarer) Empress Gao( 高皇后).
Despite being a concubine of lower standing, her son, Liu Heng, became Emperor Wen of Han, cementing her place in history.
The year of her birth is not known.
She died in 155 BC.
Empress Dowager
Bo is formally the first grand empress dowager in Chinese history, as Empress Dowager Lü, the only other empress dowager till then who lived to see her grandson become emperor, never claimed the title.
Empress Dowager Dong
Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Xiaoren, was an empress dowager of the Eastern Han dynasty of China.
She was never empress throughout her life because she was the wife of a marquis; she only became empress dowager because her son, Liu Hong (Emperor Ling), became the emperor by chance.
During her son's reign, she developed a rivalry with her daughter-in-law, Empress He, because she wanted Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, to be crown prince while Empress He wanted her own son, Liu Bian to succeed his father.
Emperor Ling died in 189 before he managed to designate either of his two sons as crown prince.
Liu Bian eventually took the throne as Emperor Shao; Empress Dowager Dong, as the emperor's grandmother, became grand empress dowager, while her daughter-in-law became empress dowager.
Empress Dowager
He eventually conspired with her brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, to unseat her mother-in-law from power.
Grand Empress Dowager Dong died of illness shortly after her downfall; the common people held Empress Dowager He and her family responsible for the grand empress dowager's death.

Question: Who is the husband of Empress Dowager Ma (Southern Ming)?
Answer: Zhu Changying