Charles, Count of Valois
Charles of Valois( 12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325), the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon, was a member of the House of Capet and founder of the House of Valois, whose rule over France would start in 1328.
Charles ruled several principalities.
He held in appanage the counties of Valois, Alençon and Perche.
Through his marriage to Margaret of Anjou, he became Count of Anjou and Maine.
Through his marriage to Catherine I, titular empress of the Latin Empire, he was titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1301 – 1307, although he ruled from exile and only had authority over Crusader States in Greece.
The grandson of Louis IX of France, Charles of Valois was a son, brother, brother- in- law and son-in- law of kings or queens( of France, Navarre, England and Naples).
His descendants, the House of Valois, would become the royal house of France three years after his death, beginning with his son Philip VI of France.
Catherine de' Medici
Catherine de' Medici (13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), was an Italian noblewoman who was queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II, and Queen mother of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III from 1559 to 1589.
The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" as she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France.
She was born in Florence to Lorenzo de’ Medici, Duke of Urbino and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne.
In 1533, at the age of fourteen, Catherine married Henry, second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France.
Catherine's marriage was arranged by her uncle Pope Clement VII.
Henry excluded Catherine from participating in state affairs and instead showered favors on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him.
Henry's death thrust Catherine into the political arena as mother of the frail 15-year-old King Francis II.
When he died in 1560, she became regent on behalf of her 10-year-old son King Charles IX and was granted sweeping powers.
From 1560 to 1563, she ruled France as regent for her son Charles IX, King of France.
After Charles died in 1574, Catherine played a key role in the reign of her third son, Henry III.
He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life (he would outlive her by seven months).
Catherine's three sons reigned in an age of almost constant civil and religious war in France.
The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting but Catherine was able to keep the monarchy and the state institutions functioning even at a minimum level.
At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Calvinist Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known.
She failed, however, to grasp the theological issues that drove their movement.
Later she resorted, in frustration and anger, to hard-line policies against them.
In return, she came to be blamed for the excessive persecutions carried out under her sons' rule, in particular for the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572, in which thousands of Huguenots were killed in Paris and throughout France.
Some historians have excused Catherine from blame for the worst decisions of the crown, though evidence for her ruthlessness can be found in her letters.
In practice, her authority was always limited by the effects of the civil wars.
Her policies, therefore, may be seen as desperate measures to keep the Valois monarchy on the throne at all costs, and her patronage of the arts as an attempt to glorify a monarchy whose prestige was in steep decline.
Without Catherine, it is unlikely that her sons would have remained in power.
According to Mark Strage, one of her biographers, Catherine was the most powerful woman in 16th-century Europe.
Thomas Scott (diver)
Thomas Scott( 1907- date of death unknown) was an English diver.
Joan of Valois, Countess of Beaumont
Joan of Valois (1304–1363) was the daughter of Charles of Valois and his second wife Catherine I of Courtenay, titular empress of Constantinople.
Half sister to Philip VI of Valois, in around 1320 she married Robert III of Artois, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger and seigneur of Conches.
They had five known children:
Robert III of Artois had attempted to recover the title of count of Artois, which had been taken from him by his aunt Mahaut of Artois, but was condemned and exiled in 1331 for making and presenting forged documents in the process of filing against her.
Joan of Valois and their children were therefore imprisoned by order of her half-brother Philip VI.
Marie of Valois, Duchess of Calabria
Marie of Valois( 1309 – 23 October 1331), was the eldest daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon.
She was a member of the House of Valois.
One of her five children was Queen Joanna I of Naples.
Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois
Margaret of Valois( 1295–1342) was a French noblewoman.
She was a daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou.
She was also a sister of King Philip VI of France.
In 1310, she married Guy I, Count of Blois.
They had three children together:
Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary
Margaret of Bohemia( 24 May 1335 – 1349, before October), also known as Margaret of Luxembourg, was a Queen consort of Hungary by her marriage to Louis I of Hungary.
She was the second child of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor by his first wife Blanche of Valois.
She was a member of the House of Luxembourg.
Theodred II (Bishop of Elmham)
Theodred II was a medieval Bishop of Elmham.
The date of Theodred's consecration unknown, but the date of his death was sometime between 995 and 997.
Etan Boritzer
Etan Boritzer( born 1950) is an American writer of children ’s literature who is best known for his book" What is God?" first published in 1989.
His best selling" What is?" illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child- life professionals.
Boritzer gained national critical acclaim after" What is God?" was published in 1989 although the book has caused controversy from religious fundamentalists for its universalist views.
The other current books in the" What is?" series include
What is Love?,
What is Death?,
What is Beautiful?,
What is Funny?,
What is Right?,
What is Peace?,
What is Money?,
What is Dreaming?,
What is a Friend?,
What is True?,
What is a Family?,
What is a Feeling?"
The series is now also translated into 15 languages.
Boritzer was first published in 1963 at the age of 13 when he wrote an essay in his English class at Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, New York on the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
His essay was included in a special anthology by New York City public school children compiled and published by the New York City Department of Education.
Boritzer now lives in Venice, California and maintains his publishing office there also.
He has helped numerous other authors to get published through" How to Get Your Book Published!" programs.
Boritzer is also a yoga teacher who teaches regular classes locally and guest- teaches nationally.
He is also recognized nationally as an erudite speaker on" The Teachings of the Buddha."
Margaret of Valois
Margaret of Valois (14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615) was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France.
By her marriage to Henry III of Navarre (later Henry IV of France), she was queen of Navarre and then France at her husband's 1589 accession to the latter throne.
She was the daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici and the sister of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.
Her marriage, which was intended to celebrate the reconciliation of Catholics and Huguenots, was tarnished by the St Bartholomew's Day massacre, and the resumption of the religious troubles which ensued.
In the conflict between Henry III and the Malcontents, she took the side of Francis, Duke of Anjou, her younger brother, and this caused the king to have a deep aversion towards her.
As Queen of Navarre, she also played a pacifying role in the stormy relations between her husband and the French monarchy.
Shuttled back and forth between the two courts, she endeavored to lead a happy conjugal life, but her sterility and the political tensions inherent in the French Wars of Religion caused the end of her marriage.
Mistreated by a brother quick to take offence and rejected by a fickle and opportunistic husband, she chose the path of opposition in 1585.
She took the side of the Catholic League and was forced to live in Auvergne in an exile which lasted twenty years.
In 1599, she consented to the annulment of the marriage only after the payment of a generous compensation.
A well-known woman of letters and an enlightened mind as well as an extremely generous patron
, she played a considerable part in the cultural life of the court, especially after her return from exile in 1605.
She was a vector of Neoplatonism, which preached the supremacy of platonic love over physical love.
While imprisoned, she took advantage of the time to write her "Memoirs".
She was the first woman to have done so.
She was one of the most fashionable women of her time, and influenced many of Europe's royal courts with her clothing.
After her death the anecdotes and slanders circulated about her created a legend, which was consolidated around the nickname "La Reine Margot" invented by Alexandre Dumas père, handed down through the centuries the myth of a nymphomaniac and incestuous woman.
At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, historians have reviewed the extensive chronicles of her life, concluding that many elements of her scandalous reputation stemmed from anti-Valois propaganda and from a fationalism capable of denigrating the participation of women in politics, created by Bourbon dynasty court historians in the 17th century.

Question: What is the date of death of Margaret Of Valois's mother?
Answer: 5 January 1589