Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal
Rashid Al- Mu'adzam
Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II( 1803 – 13 March 1854) was the 23rd Sultan of Kedah.
His reign was from 1845 to 1854.
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II ibni al- Marhum Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah( died 3 January 1845) was the 22nd Sultan of Kedah.
His reign was from 1803 to 1821 and 1842 to 1845.
He was appointed as Heir Apparent(" Uparaja") by the King of Siam and invested with the title of" Chao Pangeran" in 1799.
He succeeded on the forced abdication of his paternal uncle in September 1803.
He had been recognised as ruler of Kedah by the King of Siam, and installed at the Balai Besar, Kota Star Palace, Alor Star, with the title of" Phaya Ratna Sangrama Ramabhakti Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Raja Varman" on 19 September 1804.
He was promoted to the rank of" Chao Phya Ratna Sangrama Ramabhakti Sri Sultan Muhammad Ratna Raja “ Bodin Tersurin Terwerei ” Varman Chao Phya Seraipuri" on 2 August 1811.
On hearing about a planned invasion of Siam by Burma in 1820, he refused to dispatch the annual Bunga Mas tribute to Bangkok and opened negotiations for a Burmese alliance.
The Governor of Ligor then invaded the state on 12 November 1821, and conquered Kedah Fort on the 18th of the same month.
The Sultan fled to British territory, the Governor of Ligor appointing his son as acting Governor.
The British authorities granted the Sultan asylum and a pension, allowing him to live in exile, first at Penang, and later at Malacca.
After several failed attempts at regaining his throne by force of arms, he sent his sons to Bangkok to negotiate his restoration in 1842.
The Siamese had divided Kedah into four petty states in 1841, from which they offered him the southern, largest and most prosperous portion.
He agreed to this offer and was permitted to return as nominal ruler over the much reduced realm in June 1842.
He expanded his territory by seizing Krian from Perak on 20 December 1842.
He established his capital at Kota Kuala Muda as Alor Star was overgrown with forest and vegetation.
The Sultan's reign was marked by Siamese rule where its army invaded and occupied Kedah between 1821 and 1842.
Local Kedahan Arab families supported the Sultan's efforts to lead resistance efforts against Siamese rule.
Arab leaders employed a two- pronged approach of religious militancy and diplomacy to free Kedah from Siamese rule, among which the Jamallulail family played a leading role in these efforts and often carried out negotiations to persuade the Siamese to regain the state's independence.
The Siamese later agreed to restore the Sultan of Kedah to his throne in 1842.
The following year, Syed Hussein Jamallulail was installed as the first Raja of Perlis, after Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin gave his endorsement for the formation of Perlis state.
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
Halim Shah
I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah (died 15 February 1710) was the 18th Sultan of Kedah.
His reign was from 1706 to 1710.
He was appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Muda, after his elder brother, Tunku Muhammad Jiwa had left for Sumatra.
Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam
Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah( 4 September 1857 – 22 September 1881) was the 25th Sultan of Kedah.
He reigned from 1879 to 1881.
He was the son of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah with Wan Tan binti Almarhum Luang Nik Abidin.
He married Tengku Mariam binti Almarhum Tengku Ziauddin and had only a princess, Tunku Aishah.
Tunku Aishah married the Sultan of Langkat, Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Djalil Rahmat Shah.
He was poisoned and died during detention at Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat on 22 September 1881 and was succeeded by his brother Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah I,& then by his half- brother as, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah II in 1881 as well.
Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Bayezid II)
Gülbahar Hatun( 1453 – 1505), also known as Ayşe Hatun was a consort of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and the grandmother of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Emine Hatun
Emine Hatun was the principal consort of Sultan Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire.
She was the mother of Sultan Murad II, and the grandmother of Sultan Mehmed II.
Abdul Hamid Halim of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah,( 4 June 1864 – 13 May 1943) was the 26th Sultan of Kedah.
He reigned from 1881 to 1943.
He was the son of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah and Wan Hajar.
During his reign, the Sultan had asked for a$ 2,500,000 loan from Siam during a state financial crisis in 1905.
The loan was extended with the proviso that a Financial Advisor from the court of Siam be accepted and a State Council be created to assist the Sultan in the administration of all public affairs.
This resulted in the promulgation of a new constitution on 29 July 1905.
The state council were run by his brothers followed by their sons.
The formation of the State Council thus curbed the Sultan's administrative powers.
His reign marked the transition from Siamese suzerainty over Kedah to the British Protectorate of Unfederated Malay States following the Anglo- Siamese Treaty of 1909.
The Sultan had several wives and partners; Che Manjelara, Che Sofiah, Sharifah Fatimah Binti Syed Idrus, Sharifah Seha Binti Syed Hussein, Che Spachendra, Sharifah Mariam and Che Laraseh.
The Sultan's seventh son and twentieth child with Makche Manjelara, Tunku Abdul Rahman, who would later become the first Prime Minister of Malaysia.
The Sultan was succeeded by another son, Sultan Badlishah.
Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam
Shah II ibni al- Marhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I( died 23 September 1778; also spelt Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al -‘ Adilan Mu’azzam Shah) was the 19th Sultan of Kedah.
He reign from 1710 to 1778 and is widely known as the founder of Alor Setar and many current landmarks in the city are attributed to him.
He was also the all time longest reigning Malay ruler in Malayan history and one of the longest reigning monarchs in the world after having ruled for a total of 68 years.
He went on pilgrimage to Jambi and Palembang, where he met the Arab religious teacher Shaikh Abdul Jalil, then journeyed with him to Java and India.
He returned to the mainland from his exile in Langkawi and formally installed at the Balai Penghadapan, Istana Bukit Pinang, May 1710.
He transferred his capital to Alor Star in 20 December 1735.
He accepted Burmese suzerainty after the sack of Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1767, but submitted tribute to avoid a Siamese invasion by Taksin in 1769.
He fled to Kangar, in Perlis, when the Bugis invaded and took Kuala Kedah Fort in March 1771.
He appealed to the British for help and signed a contract of alliance with Edward Monckton, 20 April 1772( repudiated July 1772).
Alor Setar was founded in 1735 by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa and was the Kedah ’s eighth administrative centre since the establishment of the Kedah Sultanate in 1136.
The earlier administrative centres were located in Kota Bukit Meriam, Kota Sungai Emas, Kota Siputeh, Kota Naga, Kota Sena, Kota Indera Kayangan and Kota Bukit Pinang.
After founding the city, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa went on to build his palace, Istana Kota Setar.
The original building was a wooden structure which had undergone demolitions several times due to attacks by the Bugis( 1770) and the Siamese( 1821).
The current concrete building was completed during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah.
This palace is also renowned as the" Istana Pelamin Palace" when the space of the palace was extended to add a pavilion and several rooms when Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah wanted to marry off his five princes and princesses.
After 1941, this palace was used as a school and an office for several organizations including the office for the Kedah chapter of St John's Ambulance and the Scout movements.
On 25 July 1983, this palace was declared the" Kedah Royal Museum".
Another structure attributed to Sultan Muhammad Jiwa was the Balai Besar( Grand Audience Hall).
Initially the function of the building was as the Balai Rong Seri or Balai Penghadapan( audience hall), that was situated at the back area of the Istana Kota Setar complex.
The pillars, roofs and floors were made of wood.
It still stands to this day Balai Nobat was also built by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa upon founding of Alor Setar.
The 18 metre-tall and 5 metre-wide three- tiered octagonal tower sole purpose is to keep all the royal musical instruments including the serunai( wooden flute), nafiri, gendang( drum) and gong, which is known as nobat.
Kedah achieve its greatest extend during his reign reaching from Terang to the north and Krian to the south.
Ahmad Tajuddin
Duli Yang
Maha
Mulia Sultan Sir Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien ibn Sultan Sir Muhammad Jamalul Alam II( commonly referred to as Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin), KBE, CMG( 22 August 1913 – 4 June 1950) was the 27th Sultan of Brunei from 11 September 1924 until his death.
His reign represented the start of a new era in Brunei.
The discovery of oil changed the whole course of Brunei's history and enabled faster development in all sectors of the country.
The expansion and improvement of formal education and his encouragement of religious education were some of his additional contributions to Brunei Darussalam.
Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan
Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ataullah Muhammad Shah II (died 22 September 1706) was the 17th Sultan of Kedah.
His reign was from 1698 to 1706.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I Of Kedah?
Answer: Sultan Ataullah Muhammad Shah II