James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
James Francis( Jacobo Francisco) Fitz- James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xérica( Saint- Germain- en- Laye, France, 21 October
1696 – Naples, Italy, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman.
He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Philippsburg, during the War of the Polish Succession.
He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort- Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716.
His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class( from 1716), Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece( from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms.
Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
Charles Palmer, later Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 1st Duke of Southampton, KG, Chief Butler of England (18 June 1662 – 9 September 1730), styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675 and known as The Duke of Southampton from 1675 until 1709 when he succeeded his mother to the dukedom of Cleveland, was the eldest son of Barbara Villiers, later 1st
Duchess of Cleveland, and one of the illegitimate sons of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
As the putative son of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine, his nominal father, he was styled Lord Limerick from birth.
His birth marked the separation of his parents; Lord Castlemaine, a Roman Catholic, had him baptised into the Roman Catholic faith, but six days later the King had him re-christened into the Church of England.
In 1670, at the age of eight, he was betrothed to Mary Wood, only child and sole heiress of Sir Henry Wood, 1st Baronet, Clerk of the Green Cloth, but with the proviso that the marriage be delayed until Mary was aged sixteen.
Following the death of her father, the Duchess of Cleveland more or less abducted Mary, with the intention of bringing her up with her own children.
In 1675 he was created Duke of Southampton along with the subsidiary titles of "Earl of Chichester" and "Baron Newbury".
The marriage to Mary Wood took place in 1679, but within months the new Duchess had died of smallpox, leaving no children of the marriage.
In 1694, the Duke married secondly Anne, a daughter of Sir William Poultney, of Misterton, Leicestershire, and they had six children:
On the death of his mother in 1709 the Duke became also second Duke of Cleveland, by a special remainder in the grant of the dukedom which set aside his illegitimacy.
He died on 9 September 1730 and was buried at Westminster Abbey.
He was succeeded by his eldest son William FitzRoy (1698–1774), who died without issue, when all his titles became extinct.
Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond
Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 2nd Duke of Aubigny,( 18 May 17018 August 1750) was a British nobleman, peer, and politician.
He was the son of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, an illegitimate son of King Charles II.
He held a number of posts in connection with his high office but is best remembered for his patronage of cricket.
He has been described as the most important of the sport's early patrons and did much to help its evolution from village cricket to first- class cricket.
Charles II of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death.
Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.
After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649.
However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a "de facto" republic led by Oliver Cromwell.
Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe.
Cromwell became virtual dictator of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands.
A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles was invited to return to Britain.
On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim.
After 1660, all legal documents stating a regnal year did so as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649.
Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England.
Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance.
The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
In 1670, he entered into the Treaty of Dover, an alliance with his cousin King Louis XIV of France.
Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date.
Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it.
In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed Popish Plot sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, was a Catholic.
The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties.
Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile.
Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death in 1685.
He was received into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.
Charles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the "Merry Monarch", in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans.
Charles's wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no live children, but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses.
He was succeeded by his brother James.
William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland
William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, 2nd Duke of Southampton( 19 February 1698 – 18 May 1774) was an English nobleman, styled Earl of Chichester from birth until 1730.
In 1730, he succeeded his father Charles as Duke of Southampton, Duke of Cleveland and Chief Butler of England.
In 1731, he married Lady Henrietta Finch, the daughter of Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham.
She died in 1742, without having left him children.
He thereafter lived a retired life, enjoying his sinecures of Receiver- General of the Profits of the Seals in the King's Bench and Common Pleas, and Comptroller of the Seal and Green Wax Offices.
The dukedoms and subsidiary titles became extinct upon his death.
The Cleveland dukedom was subsequently recreated for his grand- nephew William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland.
Hugh FitzRoy, 11th Duke of Grafton
Hugh Denis Charles FitzRoy, 11th Duke of Grafton (3 April 1919 – 7 April 2011) was the son of Charles FitzRoy, 10th Duke of Grafton, and his first wife Lady Doreen Maria Josepha Sydney Buxton, second daughter of Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton.
He was known from 1936 to 1970 as the Earl of Euston.
Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton
Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton,( 25 October 1683 – 6 May 1757) was an Irish and English politician.
Charles FitzRoy-Scudamore
Charles FitzRoy- Scudamore( c. 1713 – 22 August 1782) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 49 years from 1733 to 1782.
Born Charles FitzRoy, he was the illegitimate son of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton and educated at Westminster School from 1721 to 1730.
He married Frances Scudamore in 1744 after her divorce from Henry Somerset, 3rd Duke of Beaufort, in 1743.
She was the only child and heir of James Scudamore, 3rd Viscount Scudamore, bringing him the Viscounts Scudamore seat of Holme Lacy.
Fitzroy added the Scudamore name to his own on 22 March 1749.
He was Member of Parliament for Thetford( 1733 to 1754), Hereford( 1754 to 1768), Heytesbury( 1768 to 1774) and Thetford again from 1774 to March 1782.
Due to his continued forty- eight- year service in the British House of Commons, FitzRoy- Scudamore succeeded William Aislabie as Father of the House in 1781 but died a year later.
His only child, Frances( 1750 – 1820), became the second wife of Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, but became insane and was locked away for many years.
After her death without children, the estate of Holme Lacy fell into extensive litigation, eventually settling on Sir Edwin Stanhope, 3rd Baronet, who adopted the additional surname Scudamore.
Frances Scudamore, Duchess of Norfolk
Frances Scudamore( 1750 – 1820) was the second wife of Charles Howard, who became the 11th Duke of Norfolk in 1786.
She spent her married life confined to Holme Lacy in a mentally deranged condition.
She was born the only daughter and heiress of Charles FitzRoy- Scudamore of Holme Lacy in Herefordshire, an illegitimate son of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, and his wife Frances, the divorced wife of the Duke of Beaufort.
She married Charles Howard, the only son and heir of the 10th Duke of Norfolk on 6 April 1771 in London.
She inherited the Holme Lacy estate on the death of her father in 1782.
Her husband succeeded his father as the 11th Duke of Norfolk on 31 August 1786, inheriting a number of large estates, including Arundel Castle, Worksop Manor, Greystoke Castle and Sheffield Manor.
Unfortunately, Frances exhibited signs of mental instability from the time of her marriage and spent the rest of her life confined to Holme Lacy.
They had no children.
Her husband spent his time elsewhere with a series of mistresses, dying in 1815.
She died a widow in 1820 and was buried at St Cuthberts church, Holme Lacy.
Having had no legitimate heirs from either of his marriages the Duke's lands and titles had passed to his cousin Bernard.
Holme Lacy, however, became the subject of a prolonged legal battle, which was finally decided in favour of Sir Edwin Stanhope, 2nd Baronet, who adopted the additional surname of Scudamore.
Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord
Edmond de Talleyrand- Périgord, 2nd Duke of Talleyrand, 2nd Duke of Dino( 1 August 1787, Paris – 14 May 1872, Florence), was a French general of the Napoleonic Wars.

Question: Where did Charles Fitzroy, 2Nd Duke Of Cleveland's father die?
Answer: London