Empress Dowager Dong
Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Xiaoren, was an empress dowager of the Eastern Han dynasty of China.
She was never empress throughout her life because she was the wife of a marquis; she only became empress dowager because her son, Liu Hong (Emperor Ling), became the emperor by chance.
During her son's reign, she developed a rivalry with her daughter-in-law, Empress He, because she wanted Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, to be crown prince while Empress He wanted her own son, Liu Bian to succeed his father.
Emperor Ling died in 189 before he managed to designate either of his two sons as crown prince.
Liu Bian eventually took the throne as Emperor Shao; Empress Dowager Dong, as the emperor's grandmother, became grand empress dowager, while her daughter-in-law became empress dowager.
Empress Dowager
He eventually conspired with her brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, to unseat her mother-in-law from power.
Grand Empress Dowager Dong died of illness shortly after her downfall; the common people held Empress Dowager He and her family responsible for the grand empress dowager's death.
Sumalagu
Sumalagu( 1615 – 24 October 1705) was a palace attendant of the Qing Dynasty.
She was a close confidante of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor.
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang called her" Gege", a title reserved for only imperial princesses.
Sumalagu taught the young Kangxi Emperor the Manchu language while he was under her care.
Later on, she was given the responsibility of looking after Yintao, one of Kangxi's sons.
Barthold A. Butenschøn Sr.
Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn( 27 December 1877 – 28 November 1971) was a Norwegian businessperson.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Nils August Andresen Butenschøn and Hanna Butenschøn, and grandson of Nicolay Andresen.
Together with Mabel Anette Plahte( 1877 – 1973, a daughter of Frithjof M. Plahte) he had the son Hans Barthold Andresen Butenschøn Jr. and was through him the father- in- law of Ragnhild Butenschøn and grandfather of Peter Butenschøn.
Through his daughter Marie Claudine he was the father- in- law of Joakim Lehmkuhl, through his daughter Mabel Anette he was the father- in- law of Harald Astrup( a son of Sigurd Astrup) and through his daughter Nini Augusta he was the father- in- law of Ernst Torp.
He took commerce school and agricultural school.
He was hired in the family company N. A. Andresen& Co, and became a co-owner in 1910.
He eventually became chief executive officer.
The bank changed its name to Andresens Bank in 1913 and merged with Bergens Kreditbank in 1920.
The merger was dissolved later in the 1920s.
He was also a landowner, owning Nedre Skøyen farm and a lot of land in Enebakk.
He chaired the board of Nydalens Compagnie from 1926, having not been a board member before that.
He also chaired the supervisory council of Forsikringsselskapet Viking and Nedre Glommen salgsforening, and was a supervisory council member of Filharmonisk Selskap.
He was a member of the gentlemen's club SK Fram since 1890, and was proclaimed a lifetime member in 1964.
He was buried in Enebakk.
Lu Huinan
Lu Huinan( 412 – February 24, 466), formally Empress Dowager Zhao( 昭太后, literally" accomplished empress dowager"), semi-formally Empress Dowager Chongxian( 崇憲太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.
She had been a concubine of Emperor Wen, and she became empress dowager because her son Liu Jun later became emperor( as Emperor Xiaowu).
Empress Dowager Wang (Southern Ming)
Empress Dowager Wang( c. 1594? – 1651), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Dowager Xiaozheng( 孝正太后), was an empress dowager of the Southern Ming Dynasty.
She was the main consort of Zhu Changying, Prince of Gui, the father of the Yongli Emperor.
She converted to Roman Catholicism and adopted the name Helena.
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
Empress Xiaozhuangwen (28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, personal name Bumbutai, was a consort of Hong Taiji.
She was 21 years his junior.
As Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the reigns of her son and grandson respectively, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight.
Although she never held the rank of Empress during Hong Taiji's reign, she was posthumously honoured as an empress.
Empress Dowager Bo
Empress Dowager Bo( 薄太后) was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han( Liu Bang).
She was also known as Consort Bo( 薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen( 孝文太后) or( rarer) Empress Gao( 高皇后).
Despite being a concubine of lower standing, her son, Liu Heng, became Emperor Wen of Han, cementing her place in history.
The year of her birth is not known.
She died in 155 BC.
Empress Dowager
Bo is formally the first grand empress dowager in Chinese history, as Empress Dowager Lü, the only other empress dowager till then who lived to see her grandson become emperor, never claimed the title.
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), sometimes written as Huang Taiji and formerly referred to as Abahai in Western literature, was the second Khan of Later Jin (reigned from 1626 to 1636) and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty (reigned from 1636 to 1643).
He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished.
He was also responsible for changing the name of his people from Jurchen to Manchu in 1635, as well as that of the dynasty from Later Jin to Qing in 1636.
The Qing dynasty lasted until 1912.
Ogawa Mataji
Viscount was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army.
He was also the father- in- law of Field Marshal Gen Sugiyama.
Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太皇太后)( personal name unknown)( 89 BC – 37 BC), also known as Empress Shangguan( 上官皇后), Empress Xiaozhao( 孝昭皇后) and Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太后), was an Empress, Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the Han Dynasty and wife of Emperor Zhao.
Her father was Shangguan An( 上官安), the son of Shangguan Jie( 上官桀).
Her mother was the daughter of Huo Guang.
She was a key figure in a number of political incidents during the middle Han Dynasty, and she spent her entire adult life as a Grand Empress Dowager and a widow without family.
Both sides of her family were wiped out in two separate mass executions as punishment for being relatives of individuals accused of seeking to usurp the throne.
She remains the youngest person in Chinese history to assume the titles of both Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager.

Question: Who is Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang's father-in-law?
Answer: Nurhaci