Erdvilas
Erdvilas( Erdywił, Ердивил, Erdiwił, Erdwil) was one of the 21 early dukes of Lithuania who signed a treaty with Galicia – Volhynia in 1219.
He and Vykintas are the two dukes of Samogitia mentioned in the treaty.
This is supported by the fact that the eastern part of Samogitia supported King of Lithuania Mindaugas, while the western part, ruled by Vykintas, was more hostile.
That is the only mention of him in written sources.
Few historians consider that Treniota, Mindaugas' nephew, was son of Erdvilas.
However more prefer Vykintas as Treniota's father.
Gedvydas
Gedvydas( or Edivid)( believed to have died ca. 1253) was one of the sons of Dausprungas and nephews of King of Lithuania Mindaugas.
Gedvydas together with his brother Tautvilas and uncle Vykintas waged a civil war against Mindaugas.
Gedvydas' brother and uncle were more active and Gedvydas played just a secondary role in the conflict.
The war resulted in coronation of Mindaugas.
In 1248, Mindaugas sent Tautvilas, Gedvydas, and Vykintas to conquer Smolensk promising that they could keep what they would conquer.
On the Protva River they defeated Duke of Moscow but near Zubtsov lost to the Duke of Vladimir- Suzdal.
After discovering about the failure, Mindaugas took their land and property for himself.
At the beginning of 1249, Tautvilas, Gedvydas, and Vykintas fled to Daniel of Halych, who was married to Gedvydas' sister.
They formed a powerful coalition with the Samogitians, the Livonian Order, and Vasilko of Volhynia in opposition to Mindaugas.
An internal war erupted.
Daniel and the Livonian Order organized several military campaigns into Mindaugas lands.
The Livonian Order became an ally of Mindaugas after he agreed to baptize.
In 1251, the remaining allies attacked Mindaugas in Voruta, but the attack failed.
Tautvilas' and Gedvydas' forces retreated to defend themselves in Vykintas castle in the present- day Rietavas municipality.
Neither side seems to have won.
Vykintas died in or about 1253, and Gedvydas was forced to flee to Halych.
There he helped Daniel in an unsuccessful campaign against Bohemia.
This is the last mention of Gedvydas in written sources, and historians assume he perished in the battle.
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Both parts have the same staff and the same actors.
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David Ji
David Longfen Ji is an American businessman who co-founded Apex Digital, an electronics manufacturer.
In 2004, he was arrested in China following a dispute with Sichuan Changhong Electric, a supplier owned by the city of Mianyang and the province of Sichuan.
Changhong accused him of defrauding them through bad checks.
Ji was taken, according to an account by his lawyer, to the senior management and told, "I decide whether you live or die."
He has been held in China without charges.
Ji's case highlighted an "implicit racism" in dealings with American businessmen.
As a U.S. citizen he was not granted the same treatment by authorities as non-ethnically Chinese businessmen sharing the same nationality.
Café International
Café International is a 1989 board game created by It is a simple game for 2 to 4 players in which the players take on the role of waiters in the famous "Cafe International".
Their goal is to seat customers of various nationalities with other customers from the same nationality, and also to keep the numbers of men and ladies at the tables even.
Café International won the Spiel des Jahres award in 1989.
Vykintas
Vykintas( died ca. 1253) was Duke of Samogitia and a rival to the future King of Lithuania, Mindaugas.
In 1236 he probably led the Samogitian forces in the Battle of Saule against the Livonian Order.
The Order suffered a great defeat and was near the brink of collapse, forcing it to become a branch of the Teutonic Knights.
In 1248 Mindaugas sent Vykintas, Tautvilas and Edivydas on a military campaign against Smolensk.
They were unsuccessful and Mindaugas tried to deprive them of their estates.
The three men then organized a vast coalition against Mindaugas which included Tautvilas' brother- in- law Daniel of Halych, the Livonian Order, and the Samogitians.
The dukes of Halych- Volhynia managed to gain control over Black Ruthenia, an area ruled by Vaišvilkas.
In 1250, the Livonian Order organized two major raids, one against the Nalšia lands and the other against the domains of Mindaugas and those parts of Samogitia that still supported him.
However, Mindaugas succeeded in bribing Andreas von Stierland, the Master of the Order, who was still at odds with Vykintas from the defeat of the Order in 1236.
Agreeing to relinquish control over some lands in Western Lithuania Mindaugas was to be baptised and crowned as King of Lithuania.
In 1252, Tautvilas and his remaining allies attacked Mindaugas in Voruta, sometimes considered to be the first capital of Lithuania.
The attack failed and Tautvilas' forces retreated to defend themselves in Tverai castle, in the present- day Rietavas municipality.
Vykintas died ca. 1253 and Tautvilas escaped to his brother- in- law to Halych- Volhynia.
In 1253 Mindaugas was crowned as promised.
Vykintas' sister was married to Dausprungas, Mindaugas' brother.
Tautvilas
Tautvilas( or Tautvila; died 1263) was Duke of Polatsk and one of the sons of Dausprungas and nephews of King of Lithuania Mindaugas.
Tautvilas together with his brother Edivydas and uncle Vykintas waged a civil war against Mindaugas.
The war resulted in coronation of Mindaugas.
In 1248, Mindaugas sent Tautvilas, Edivydas, and Vykintas to conquer Smolensk promising that they could keep what they would conquer.
On the Protva River they defeated Duke of Moscow but lost to the Duke of Vladimir- Suzdal.
After discovering about the failure, Mindaugas took their land and property for himself.
At the beginning of 1249, Tautvilas, Edivydas, and Vykintas fled to Daniel of Galicia, who was married to Tautvilas' sister.
They formed a powerful coalition with the Samogitians, the Livonian Order, and Vasilko of Volhynia in opposition to Mindaugas.
An internal war erupted.
While Daniel and the Livonian Order were organizing military campaigns into Mindaugas lands, Tautvilas travelled to Riga, where he was baptized by the Archbishop in 1250.
Mindaugas thwarted the coalition by agreeing to baptize and relinquish control over some lands in the western Lithuania, for which he was to receive a crown in return.
The Livonian Order became an ally.
In 1252, Tautvilas and the remaining allies attacked Mindaugas in Voruta, sometimes considered to be the first capital of Lithuania.
The attack failed and Tautvilas' forces retreated to defend themselves in Vykintas castle in the present- day Rietavas municipality.
Neither side seems to have won, but Vykintas died in or about 1253, and Tautvilas was forced to flee to Galicia.
There he helped Daniel in an unsuccessful campaign against Bohemia.
Daniel reconciled with Mindaugas in 1254 and Tautvilas recognized Mindaugas' superiority.
In return he received Polatsk as a fiefdom.
While governing Polatsk, his main concern was to secure a trading route from Polatsk along the Daugava to the upper Dnieper River.
Tautvilas managed to take away the Principality of Vitebsk from the Dukes of Navahradak.
His son Constantine became the ruler of Vitebsk.
After Mindaugas was assassinated by Treniota and Daumantas, Tautvilas wished to assume the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania, but was killed by his cousin Treniota in 1263.
Évrard d'Espinques
Évrard d' Espinques was a French manuscript illuminator active between 1440 and 1494.

Question: Did Évrard D'Espinques and Vykintas have the same nationality?
Answer: no