Valerian II
Publius Licinius Cornelius Valerianus (died 258), also known as Valerian II, was the eldest son of Roman Emperor Gallienus and "Augusta" Cornelia Salonina who was of Greek origin and grandson of the Emperor Valerian who was of a noble and traditional senatorial family.
Shortly after his acclamation as Emperor (Augustus) Valerian made Gallienus his co-Emperor and his grandson, Valerian, Caesar, in 256.
(For a discussion of the dynastic politics that motivated this process, see the related article on Saloninus).
The young Caesar was then established in Sirmium to represent the Licinius family in the government of the troubled Illyrian provinces while Gallienus transferred his attentions to Germany to deal with barbarian incursions into Gaul.
Because of his youth (he was probably no more than fifteen at the time), Valerian was put under the guardianship of Ingenuus, who seems to have held an extraordinary command as governor of the Illyrian provinces, i.e. Upper and Lower Pannonia and Upper and Lower Moesia.
It is reported that Salonina was not happy with this arrangement.
Although she could not publicly dispute the decisions of Valerian, the "pater patriae" which had been formally agreed by her husband, Gallienus, she suspected Ingenuus's motives and asked an officer called Valentinus, otherwise unknown, to keep an eye on him.
Despite this precaution, Valerian died in early 258 in circumstances sufficiently suspicious for Gallienus to attempt to demote Ingenuus.
It was this action that sparked the attempted usurpation of the Empire by Ingenuus, who had widespread support among the Illyrian garrisons and the provincial establishment.
As in case of his brother, Saloninus, who was later made Caesar in Gaul, the little we know of Valerian's short reign in Illyria is indicative of the chaotic situation that prevailed on the northern frontiers of the Empire under Valerian and Gallienus.
It seems to show that the mere presence of a member of the Imperial House in a troubled region was not sufficient to assuage local fears of being neglected by the distant Emperor.
The local Caesar had to wield undisputed authority in his region and command the resources and the experience to deal with the internal and external threats to its security.
Diocletian and Maximian seem to have understood this when they set up Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars in Gaul and Illyria respectively some thirty-five years later.
Gallienus
Gallienus (c. 218 – September 268), also known as Gallien, was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 22 October 253 to spring 260 and alone from spring 260 to September 268.
He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that nearly caused the collapse of the empire.
While he won a number of military victories, he was unable to prevent the secession of important provinces.
His 15-year reign was the longest since the 19-year rule of Septimius Severus.
Born into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of Valerian and Mariniana.
Valerian became Emperor on 22 October 253 and had the Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus.
Valerian divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and his son the west.
Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.
The defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war.
Control of the whole empire passed to Gallienus.
He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Mussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway Gallic Empire under general Postumus.
Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by Gallienus and besieged inside.
While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius as part of a conspiracy.
Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington
Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington( 14 January 1922 – 1 November 2010), was the wife of Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, and a British intelligence officer during World War II.
Cornelia Salonina
Julia Cornelia Salonina( died 268, Mediolanum) was an" Augusta" of the Roman Empire, married to Roman Emperor Gallienus and mother of Valerian II, Saloninus, and Marinianus.
Macrianus Major
Fulvius Macrianus( died 261), also called Macrianus Major, was a Roman usurper.
He was one of Valerian's fiscal officers.
More precisely, sources refer to him as being in charge of the whole state accounts(" A Rationibus") or, in the language of a later age, as Count of the Treasury(" Comes Sacrarum Largitionum") and the person in charge of markets and provisions.
It seems almost certain that he was an Equestrian.
The" Historia Augusta" claims that he was the foremost of Valerian's military commanders, but that is most likely a gross exaggeration, if not entirely fictitious.
He followed Valerian during his ultimately catastrophic campaign against the Persians in 259 or 260; however, he remained at Samosata during the fatal battle of Edessa and his role in the events before and after the battle is questionable.
After Valerian's capture by Sassanid Emperor Shapur I, Valerian's son Gallienus became sole emperor, but was occupied with his own problems in the West.
Macrianus grabbed the opportunity.
With the support of Callistus, one of Valerian's military commanders, and with the influence that possession of the treasury of Valerian brought, Macrianus managed to have his two sons Macrianus and Quietus elevated to the throne.
He himself was not able to assume the purple because he was deformed in one of his legs.
Quietus and Balista stayed in the East to secure their rule.
Macrianus Major and Minor marched the eastern army from Asia to Europe, but were defeated in Thrace in 261 by Aureolus.
Macrianus and his son were killed in the battle.
According to Joannes Zonaras, their army was encircled by Aureolus and surrendered, except for the Pannonian legions.
Macrianus asked to be killed with his son to avoid delivery to Aureolus.
Quietus was later murdered by Odaenathus of Palmyra.
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.
Motherland may also refer to:
Cornelia Salonina
Julia Cornelia Salonina( died 268, Mediolanum) was an" Augusta" of the Roman Empire, married to Roman Emperor Gallienus and mother of Valerian II, Saloninus, and Marinianus.
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:
Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.
This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.
As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.
The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.
If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.
In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.
For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.
This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.
The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).
A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.
A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.
In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.
In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".
Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.
The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".
It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".
For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.
Beaulieu-sur-Loire
Beaulieu- sur- Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north -central France.
It is also the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars

Question: Where did Valerian Ii's father die?
Answer: Mediolanum