Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太皇太后)( personal name unknown)( 89 BC – 37 BC), also known as Empress Shangguan( 上官皇后), Empress Xiaozhao( 孝昭皇后) and Empress Dowager Shangguan( 上官太后), was an Empress, Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the Han Dynasty and wife of Emperor Zhao.
Her father was Shangguan An( 上官安), the son of Shangguan Jie( 上官桀).
Her mother was the daughter of Huo Guang.
She was a key figure in a number of political incidents during the middle Han Dynasty, and she spent her entire adult life as a Grand Empress Dowager and a widow without family.
Both sides of her family were wiped out in two separate mass executions as punishment for being relatives of individuals accused of seeking to usurp the throne.
She remains the youngest person in Chinese history to assume the titles of both Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager.
Emperor Wen of Han
Emperor Wen of Han (200 BC – 6 July 157 BC) was the fifth emperor of the Han dynasty of ancient China.
His personal name was Liu Heng.
Liu Heng was a son of Emperor Gao of Han and Consort Bo, later empress dowager.
When Emperor Gao suppressed the rebellion of Dai, he made Liu Heng Prince of Dai.
After Empress Dowager Lü's death, the officials eliminated the powerful Lü clan, and deliberately chose the Prince of Dai as the emperor, since his mother, Consort Bo, had no powerful relatives, and her family was known for its humility and thoughtfulness.
His reign brought a much needed political stability that laid the groundwork for prosperity under his grandson Emperor Wu.
According to historians, Emperor Wen trusted and consulted with ministers on state affairs; under the influence of his Taoist wife, Empress Dou, the emperor also sought to avoid wasteful expenditures.
Historians noted that the tax rates were at a ratio of "1 out of 30" and "1 out of 60", corresponding to 3.33% and 1.67%, respectively.
(These rates are not for income taxes, but property taxes, as the only ancient Chinese attempt to levy an income tax would come in the time of Wang Mang.)
Warehouses were so full of grain that some of it was left to decay.
Emperor Wen was said by Liu Xiang to have devoted much time to legal cases, and to have been fond of reading Shen Buhai, using Xing-Ming, a form of personnel examination, to control his subordinates.
In a move of lasting importance in 165 BC, Wen introduced recruitment to the civil service through examination.
Previously, potential officials never sat for any sort of academic examinations.
Their names were sent by local officials to the central government based on reputations and abilities, which were sometimes judged subjectively.
Lu Huinan
Lu Huinan( 412 – February 24, 466), formally Empress Dowager Zhao( 昭太后, literally" accomplished empress dowager"), semi-formally Empress Dowager Chongxian( 崇憲太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.
She had been a concubine of Emperor Wen, and she became empress dowager because her son Liu Jun later became emperor( as Emperor Xiaowu).
Empress Bo
Empress Bo  (personal name unknown) (died 147 BC) was an empress during the Han Dynasty.
She was the first wife of Emperor Jing, and also the first empress to be deposed in Chinese imperial history.
Empress Bo was from the family of Empress Dowager Bo, who was probably her paternal grandaunt and betrothed her to her grandson, then-Crown Prince Qi during the reign of her son, Emperor Wen.
She carried the title of crown princess during the reign of her father-in-law.
Then, when her husband became emperor in 157 BC, she was created empress, but she was not favored by her husband, and she had no sons.
It was as a consequence of this that Consort Li's son Liu Rong was made crown prince.
After Grand Empress Dowager Bo died in 155 BC, Empress Bo lost her source of support within the palace.
In 151 BC, her husband deposed her; she died four years later.
She was buried in the Pingwang Pavilion, in the eastern part of Chang'an.
Although Empress Bo's tale is one of a privileged life and upbringing, it is also a reminder of the vulnerability of women.
She is a sad reminder that even though she had ties to a person as powerful and influential as Grand Empress Dowager Bo, she never enjoyed a life of much esteem simply because she could not bear a son.
Lu Huinan
Lu Huinan( 412 – February 24, 466), formally Empress Dowager Zhao( 昭太后, literally" accomplished empress dowager"), semi-formally Empress Dowager Chongxian( 崇憲太后), was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song.
She had been a concubine of Emperor Wen, and she became empress dowager because her son Liu Jun later became emperor( as Emperor Xiaowu).
Empress Dowager Duan
Empress Dowager Duan is the name of:
Empress Bo
Empress Bo  (personal name unknown) (died 147 BC) was an empress during the Han Dynasty.
She was the first wife of Emperor Jing, and also the first empress to be deposed in Chinese imperial history.
Empress Bo was from the family of Empress Dowager Bo, who was probably her paternal grandaunt and betrothed her to her grandson, then-Crown Prince Qi during the reign of her son, Emperor Wen.
She carried the title of crown princess during the reign of her father-in-law.
Then, when her husband became emperor in 157 BC, she was created empress, but she was not favored by her husband, and she had no sons.
It was as a consequence of this that Consort Li's son Liu Rong was made crown prince.
After Grand Empress Dowager Bo died in 155 BC, Empress Bo lost her source of support within the palace.
In 151 BC, her husband deposed her; she died four years later.
She was buried in the Pingwang Pavilion, in the eastern part of Chang'an.
Although Empress Bo's tale is one of a privileged life and upbringing, it is also a reminder of the vulnerability of women.
She is a sad reminder that even though she had ties to a person as powerful and influential as Grand Empress Dowager Bo, she never enjoyed a life of much esteem simply because she could not bear a son.
Empress Dowager Bo
Empress Dowager Bo (薄太后) was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han
(Liu Bang).
She was also known as Consort Bo (薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen (孝文太后) or (rarer)
Empress Gao (高皇后).
Despite being a concubine of lower standing, her son, Liu Heng, became Emperor Wen of Han, cementing her place in history.
The year of her birth is not known.
She died in 155 BC.
Empress Dowager Bo is formally the first grand empress dowager in Chinese history, as Empress Dowager Lü, the only other empress dowager till then who lived to see her grandson become emperor, never claimed the title.
Empress Dowager Dong
Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Xiaoren, was an empress dowager of the Eastern Han dynasty of China.
She was never empress throughout her life because she was the wife of a marquis; she only became empress dowager because her son, Liu Hong (Emperor Ling), became the emperor by chance.
During her son's reign, she developed a rivalry with her daughter-in-law, Empress He, because she wanted Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, to be crown prince while Empress He wanted her own son, Liu Bian to succeed his father.
Emperor Ling died in 189 before he managed to designate either of his two sons as crown prince.
Liu Bian eventually took the throne as Emperor Shao; Empress Dowager Dong, as the emperor's grandmother, became grand empress dowager, while her daughter-in-law became empress dowager.
Empress Dowager
He eventually conspired with her brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, to unseat her mother-in-law from power.
Grand Empress Dowager Dong died of illness shortly after her downfall; the common people held Empress Dowager He and her family responsible for the grand empress dowager's death.
Empress Dowager Dong
Empress Dowager Dong (died 189), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Xiaoren, was an empress dowager of the Eastern Han dynasty of China.
She was never empress throughout her life because she was the wife of a marquis; she only became empress dowager because her son, Liu Hong (Emperor Ling), became the emperor by chance.
During her son's reign, she developed a rivalry with her daughter-in-law, Empress He, because she wanted Emperor Ling's younger son, Liu Xie, to be crown prince while Empress He wanted her own son, Liu Bian to succeed his father.
Emperor Ling died in 189 before he managed to designate either of his two sons as crown prince.
Liu Bian eventually took the throne as Emperor Shao; Empress Dowager Dong, as the emperor's grandmother, became grand empress dowager, while her daughter-in-law became empress dowager.
Empress Dowager
He eventually conspired with her brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, to unseat her mother-in-law from power.
Grand Empress Dowager Dong died of illness shortly after her downfall; the common people held Empress Dowager He and her family responsible for the grand empress dowager's death.

Question: Who is the child-in-law of Empress Dowager Bo?