Alboin
Alboin (530s – 28 June 572) was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572.
During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572.
He had a lasting effect on Italy and the Pannonian Basin; in the former his invasion marked the beginning of centuries of Lombard rule, and in the latter his defeat of the Gepids and his departure from Pannonia ended the dominance there of the Germanic peoples.
The period of Alboin's reign as king in Pannonia following the death of his father, Audoin, was one of confrontation and conflict between the Lombards and their main neighbors, the Gepids.
The Gepids initially gained the upper hand, but in 567, thanks to his alliance with the Avars, Alboin inflicted a decisive defeat on his enemies, whose lands the Avars subsequently occupied.
The increasing power of his new neighbours caused Alboin some unease however, and he therefore decided to leave Pannonia for Italy, hoping to take advantage of the Byzantine Empire's reduced ability to defend its territory in the wake of the Gothic War.
After gathering a large coalition of peoples, Alboin crossed the Julian Alps in 568, entering an almost undefended Italy.
He rapidly took control of most of Venetia and Liguria.
In 569, unopposed, he took northern Italy's main city, Milan.
Pavia offered stiff resistance however, and was taken only after a siege lasting three years.
During that time Alboin turned his attention to Tuscany, but signs of factionalism among his supporters and Alboin's diminishing control over his army increasingly began to manifest themselves.
Alboin was assassinated on 28 June 572, in a coup d'état instigated by the Byzantines.
It was organized by the king's foster brother, Helmichis, with the support of Alboin's wife, Rosamund, daughter of the Gepid king whom Alboin had killed some years earlier.
The coup failed in the face of opposition from a majority of the Lombards, who elected Cleph as Alboin's successor, forcing Helmichis and Rosamund to flee to Ravenna under imperial protection.
Alboin's death deprived the Lombards of the only leader who could have kept the newborn Germanic entity together, the last in the line of hero-kings who had led the Lombards through their migrations from the vale of the Elbe to Italy.
For many centuries following his death Alboin's heroism and his success in battle were celebrated in Saxon and Bavarian epic poetry.
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Albsuinda
Albsuinda was the only child of Alboin, King of the Lombards in Pannonia (reigned c. 560 – 572), and his first wife Chlothsind, daughter of the Merovingian king of the Franks Chlothar (reigned 511 – 561).
While still young Albsuinda had lost her mother shortly before the final clash in 567 with the people of the Gepids in Pannonia (modern Hungary), in which the Gepids were completely destroyed.
After the victory her father had promptly remarried, taking as second wife Rosamund, daughter of the Gepid king Cunimund that Alboin had personally killed on the battlefield.
In 568 Alboin left Pannonia with his people to invade Byzantine-held Italy, most of which by 572 he had conquered.
In the same year Albsuinda's stepmother Rosamund successfully connived to have Alboin killed in Verona.
According to Paul the Deacon, following the assassination of her father she was carried still a child to Byzantine-held Ravenna by her stepmother Rosamund and the usurper Helmichis.
They carried her there because as Alboin's only child she had considerable political value, since she could possibly become the link to transmit through a marriage dynastic rights to an eventual husband.
Another reason for her presence with the fugitives was that she also served to guarantee the loyalty of the Lombard garrison of Verona that had followed Helmichis to Ravenna.
Shortly after having reached Ravenna Rosamund and Helmichis killed each other.
After that the highest Byzantine official in Italy, the Pretorian Prefect Longinus, sent her to Constantinople, the Empire's capital.
Here the Byzantine diplomacy probably thought to use her as a political tool to impose on the Lombards a pro-Byzantine king, but nothing more is heard of her from the sources.
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Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Albsuinda?