Amir Hamzah
Tengku Amir Hamzah( February 1911 – 20 March 1946) was an Indonesian poet and National Hero of Indonesia.
Born into a Malay aristocratic family in the Sultanate of Langkat in North Sumatra, he was educated in both Sumatra and Java.
While attending senior high school in Surakarta around 1930, the youth became involved with the nationalist movement and fell in love with a Javanese schoolmate, Ilik Sundari.
Even after Amir continued his studies in legal school in Batavia( now Jakarta) the two remained close, only separating in 1937 when Amir was recalled to Sumatra to marry the sultan's daughter and take on responsibilities of the court.
Though unhappy with his marriage, he fulfilled his courtly duties.
After Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945, he served as the government's representative in Langkat.
The following year he was killed in a socialist revolution led by the Communist Party of Indonesia and buried in a mass grave.
Amir began writing poetry while still a teenager: though his works are undated, the earliest are thought to have been written when he first travelled to Java.
Drawing influences from his own Malay culture and Islam, as well as from Christianity and Eastern literature, Amir wrote 50 poems, 18 pieces of lyrical prose, and numerous other works, including several translations.
In 1932 he co-founded the literary magazine" Poedjangga Baroe".
After his return to Sumatra, he stopped writing.
Most of his poems were published in two collections," Nyanyi Sunyi"( 1937) and" Buah Rindu"( 1941), first in" Poedjangga Baroe" then as stand- alone books.
Poems by Amir deal with the themes of love and religion and his poetry often reflects a deep inner conflict.
His diction, using both Malay and Javanese words and expanding on traditional structures, was influenced by the need for rhythm and metre, as well as symbolism related to particular terms.
His earlier works deal with a sense of longing and both erotic and idealised love, whereas his later works have a deeper religious meaning.
Of his two collections," Nyanyi Sunyi" is considered the most developed.
Amir has been called the" King of the Poedjangga Baroe- era Poets" and the only international- class Indonesian poet from before the Indonesian National Revolution.
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His best selling" What is?" illustrated children's book series on character education and difficult subjects for children is a popular teaching guide for parents, teachers and child- life professionals.
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Poedjangga Baroe
Poedjangga Baroe (pronounced ; Perfected spelling:
Pujangga Baru, also known by the intermediate spelling Pudjangga Baru) was an Indonesian "avant-garde" literary magazine published from July 1933 to February 1942.
It was founded by Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah, and Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana.
From the turn of the 20th century, the native people of the Dutch East Indies began to hold a greater degree of nationalism, evidenced in part by the establishment of several nationalist publications.
Armijn, Hamzah, and Alisjahbana, three writers from Sumatra, laid the foundation for their magazine in September 1932.
They sent letters to forty contributors to the literary section of the newspaper "Pandji Poestaka" requesting submissions, as well as support from ten sultanates.
When a deal with Dutch-owned publishing house Kolff & Co. fell through, the founders agreed to self-publish.
The resulting magazine, "Poedjangga Baroe", was first published in July 1933.
During its publishing run, the magazine took a wider scope and saw greater involvement from politically inclined persons.
After the Japanese occupation of the Indies in 1942, the magazine ceased publication.
Another magazine under the "Pudjangga Baru" banner was published from 1948 until 1954.
Ideologically, "Poedjangga Baroe" supported a modern, united nation with one language, Indonesian.
However, the different cultural and political views of its contributors led the publication to have undefined leanings.
To maintain a neutral political position, the magazine published writings that covered numerous aspects of the political spectrum.
In cultural discourse, the magazine published disagreeing polemics over the proper balance of Westernization and tradition necessary for the country's development.
During its nine-year initial publication run, "Poedjangga Baroe" published ninety issues, including over three hundred pieces of poetry, five plays, three poetry anthologies, a novel, numerous essays, and several short stories.
The publication, which never had more than 150 paying subscribers, received mixed responses.
Young writers praised it for reflecting the period, while Malay traditionalists decried its perceived corruption of the Malay language.
Although most of its published works are now forgotten, the shared themes and styles from 1933 to 1942 have led critics to deem the period the Poedjangga Baroe" generation" of Indonesian literature.
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Question: What is the date of death of the founder of magazine Poedjangga Baroe?