Empress Zhang
Empress Zhang may refer to:
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:
Empress Zhang (Jiajing)
Empress Zhang( died 1537), was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, second empress to the Jiajing Emperor.
She was deprived of the title empress in 1534 because of conflicts within the family.
Empress Zhang was the daughter of a member of the Imperial guard.
She was selected to the imperial harem in 1526.
When the empress died in 1528, Zhang was chosen to replace her as empress on 8 January 1529.
In 1534, she was deposed from her position as empress.
No official reason was given.
Unofficially, however, the reason was that the emperor disliked her favor with the Empress Zhang( Hongzhi).
She died three years after her demotion.
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.
Motherland may also refer to:
Liu Shan
Liu Shan  (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.
As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan.
His reign of 40 years was the longest of all in the Three Kingdoms era.
During Liu Shan's reign, many campaigns were led against the rival state of Cao Wei, primarily by Zhuge Liang and his successor Jiang Wei, but to little avail.
Liu Shan eventually surrendered to Wei in 263 after Deng Ai led a surprise attack on the Shu capital Chengdu.
He was quickly relocated to Luoyang, capital of Wei, and enfeoffed as "Duke Anle".
There he enjoyed his last years peacefully before dying, most probably of natural causes, in 271.
Widely known by his infant name "Adou / Edou" (阿斗), Liu Shan was commonly perceived as an incapable, even mentally handicapped ruler.
He was also accused of indulging in pleasures while neglecting state affairs.
However, some modern scholars have taken a different opinions on Liu Shan's capability, as Liu Shan's long reign in Shu Han was free of bloody court coups and bloodshed and was the only court in the Three Kingdoms era to remain relatively bloodless.
Nevertheless, the name "Adou" is today still commonly used in Chinese to describe incapable people who would not achieve anything even with significant assistance.
As Chen Shou, the author of "Records of Three Kingdoms", noted, contrary to tradition, Zhuge Liang banned official historians at Liu Shan's court, and after Zhuge's death, it appeared Liu did not revive that post.
Therefore, many of the events during his reign were unrecorded, causing limited details about Liu Shan's reign in historical records.
Empress Zhang Yan
Zhang Yan (died 163 BC), known formally as Empress Xiaohui (孝惠皇后) was an empress during the Han Dynasty.
She was the daughter of Princess Yuan of Lu (the only daughter of Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) and his wife Empress Lü) and her husband Zhang Ao (張敖, son of Zhang Er), the Prince of Zhao and later Marquess of Xuanping.
In 192 BC, at the insistence of then-Empress Dowager Lü, Lady Yan married her uncle Emperor Hui, the son of Emperor Gao and Empress Dowager Lü, and she was created empress.
The marriage was a childless one.
At Empress Dowager Lü's instruction, Empress Zhang took several male children as her own and killed their mothers.
(Whether these children were Emperor Hui's is a matter of controversy, although it appears likely that they were Emperor Hui's children by his concubines.)
When Emperor Hui died in 188 BC at the age of 22, one of the children that Empress Zhang adopted became emperor (as Emperor Qianshao), but Grand Empress Dowager Lü had effective total control of the imperial government.
Empress Zhang, was not made empress dowager as this title was retained by Empress Dowager Lü who never claimed the title Grand Empress Dowager and did not appear to have significant influence.
Nevertheless, when Emperor Qianshao found out in 184 BC that he was not actually her child, he made a careless comment that he would take vengeance on her—at which Empress Dowager Lü had him deposed and executed, and replaced him with his brother Liu Hong (as Emperor Houshao), who was also adopted by Empress Zhang.
It was during Emperor Qianshao's reign that Empress Zhang's brother Zhang Yan (張偃, pinyin Zhāng Yǎn—notice difference in tone) was created the Prince of Lu.
After Empress Dowager Lü died in 180 BC, and the Lü clan overthrown and slaughtered by the officials opposed to the Lüs in the Lü Clan Disturbance, Emperor Houshao was deposed and killed.
Empress Zhang was not killed, but she was put under house arrest in a palace to the north after being deposed from her position as empress and henceforth referred to as Empress Hui.
Her brother, the Prince of Lu, was also deposed and reduced in rank to Marquess of Nangong.
After this no records exist of her later life until her death.
Empress Zhang died in 163 BC and was buried with her husband of merely four years.
Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's first wife)
Empress Zhang (died July or August 237), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Jing'ai (lit.
"Respectful and Lamentable Empress"), was an empress of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period.
She was the eldest daughter of the Shu general Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou.
She married Liu Shan in 223 and became the crown princess of Shu.
Later in the same year, after Liu Shan's father Liu Bei died, Liu Shan ascended the throne of Shu, and Zhang became the empress.
She died in 237 and was buried in Nanling (南陵).
Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.
This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.
As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.
The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.
If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.
In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.
For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.
This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.
The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).
A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.
A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.
In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.
In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".
Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.
The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".
It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".
For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.
2010 Empress's Cup
Statistics of Empress's Cup in the 2010 season.
Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's second wife)
Empress Zhang( 237–264), personal name unknown, was an empress of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period.
She was a daughter of the Shu general Zhang Fei and a younger sister of Empress Jing'ai.
In 237, she became an Imperial Consort( 貴人) of the Shu emperor Liu Shan.
She became empress in February 238, succeeding her elder sister, who died in the previous year.
In 264, after Shu was conquered by the rival state of Cao Wei, Empress Zhang accompanied her husband to the Wei capital Luoyang.

Question: Where was the place of death of Empress Zhang (Liu Shan'S First Wife)'s husband?