Duke Gong of Cao
Duke Gong of Cao (? – 618 BCE)  was the seventeenth ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Spring and Autumn period (770 – 475 BCE).
Born Ji Xiang (姬襄), he was the son of Duke Zhao of Cao.
In 637 BCE, during the exile of Chong’er, son of Duke Xian of Jin, Duke Gong heard that Chong’er suffered from fused ribs and wanted to see for himself.
Chong’er caught Duke Gong spying on him whilst he bathed and described the Duke as a man of “unbelievable rudeness”.
After Chong’er became Duke Wen of Jin and one of the Five Hegemons, in 632 he used Duke Gòng's previous rudeness as an excuse to overthrow the State of Cao.
Duke Gòng was captured by the State of Jin but later released.
After Duke Gong of Cao died in 618 BCE, his son Duke Wen of Cao became ruler.
Cao Xun
Cao Xun (231 – September or October 244) was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was an adopted son of Cao Rui, the second emperor of Wei.
While the identities of his parents are unknown, Cao Xun was allegedly a son of Cao Kai (曹楷), the son of Cao Zhang
(Cao Rui's uncle).
On 23 September 235, Cao Rui enfeoffed Cao Xun as the Prince of Qin (秦王).
Cao Xun died sometime between 19 September and 18 October 244.
Count You of Cao
Count You of Cao( ?–826 BCE) was the seventh ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Western Zhou Dynasty( 1046 – 770 BCE).
Born Jī Jiāng( 姬疆), he was the son of Count Xiao of Cao( 曹孝伯) and the younger brother of Count Yi of Cao( 曹夷伯).
Count You was killed by his younger brother Count Dai of Cao( 曹戴伯) in 826 BCE after a nine- year reign.
Duke Dao of Cao
Duke Dao of Cao( 6th century BCE) was the twenty- second ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Spring and Autumn period( 770 – 475 BCE).
Born as Jī Wŭ( 姬午), he was the son of Duke Ping of Cao from whom he inherited the throne.
Duke Jing of Song captured Dào in 515 BCE and held him prisoner until his death.
Thereafter, disorder broke out in the State of Cáo as Dào ’s successors, Duke Sheng of Cao and Duke Yin of Cao, were killed one after the other.
Duke Mu of Cao
Duke Mu of Cao( 8th Century BCE) was the eleventh ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Eastern Zhou Dynasty( 770 – 256 BCE) and Spring and Autumn period.
Born Jī Wǔ( 姬武), he was the son of Cáo Huìbó( 曹惠伯).
In 760 BCE, Duke Mu of Cao killed his elder brother Cáo Fèibó( 曹廢伯/ 曹废伯) and appointed himself ruler of the State of Cao.
He was the first ruler of the State of Cao to receive the posthumous title of" Duke"( 公).
Cao Lin (Prince of Donghai)
Cao Lin( died 5 February 251) was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was a son of Cao Pi, the first Wei emperor, and the biological father of Cao Mao, the fourth Wei emperor.
Kaya Alp
Kaya Alp was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kızıl Buğa and the father of Suleyman Shah, who was, in turn, the grandfather of Ertuğrul, and the great grandfather of the Ottoman Empire founder, Osman I.
Cao Rui
Cao Rui  (204 or 206 – 22 January 239), courtesy name Yuanzhong, was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.
His parentage is in dispute: his mother, Lady Zhen, was Yuan Xi's wife, but she later remarried Cao Pi, the first ruler of Wei.
Based on conflicting accounts of his age, Pei Songzhi calculated that, in order to be Cao Pi's son, Cao Rui could not have been 36 (by East Asian age reckoning) when he died as recorded, so the recorded age was in error; Lu Bi and Mou Guangsheng argued instead that Cao Rui was Yuan Xi's son.
Cao Rui's reign was viewed in many different ways throughout Chinese history.
He was an emperor who was known to have been a strong military strategist and a good leader astute in commissioning capable officials.
At the same time, he was personally a supporter of arts.
He devoted much resources into building palaces and ancestral temples, and his reign saw the stalemate between his empire, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu become more entrenched.
His building projects and his desire to have many concubines (who numbered in the thousands) greatly exhausted the imperial treasury.
On his deathbed, he entrusted his son Cao Fang to the regency of Cao Shuang and Sima Yi — a fatal mistake for his clan, as Cao Shuang monopolised power and governed incompetently, eventually drawing a violent reaction from Sima Yi, who overthrew him in a coup d'état (Incident at Gaoping Tombs) and became in control of the Wei government from AD 249, eventually allowing his grandson Sima Yan to usurp the throne in AD 266.
After his death, Cao Rui was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Ming" with the temple name "Liezu".
Abd al-Muttalib
Abd al- Muttalib Shaybah ibn Hashim( c. 497 – 578) was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Cao Xie
Cao Xie( third century) was a prince in the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
He was a son of Cao Pi, the first emperor of Wei.
His mother, whose maiden family name was Li( 李), was a concubine of Cao Pi holding the rank of" guiren"( 貴人; translated" Honoured Lady").
He died early and was posthumously honoured as Duke Shang of Jing( 經殤公) in 231 by his half- brother, Cao Rui.
In 234, Cao Rui posthumously promoted him to a prince under a new posthumous title: Prince Ai of Zan( 贊哀王).
In 235, Cao Xie's son, Cao Xun( 曹尋), inherited the princedom posthumously awarded to his father, and became the Prince of Zan( 贊王).
In 239, the emperor Cao Fang increased the number of taxable households in Cao Xun's princedom by 500, bringing it up to a total of 3,000.
When Cao Xun died in 249, he was posthumously honoured as" Prince Shang"( 殤王).
As he had no son to succeed him, his princedom was abolished.

Question: Who is Cao Xun's paternal grandfather?