Sa'id al-Dawla
Abu'l-Fada'il Sa'id al-Dawla was the third Hamdanid ruler of the Emirate of Aleppo.
He succeeded his father Sa'd al-Dawla in 991, but throughout his reign real power rested in the hands of Sa'd al-Dawla's former chamberlain, Lu'lu', to whose daughter Sa'id was wed.
His reign was dominated by the Fatimid Caliphate's repeated attempts to conquer Aleppo, which was prevented only by the intervention of the Byzantine Empire.
Warfare lasted until 1000, when a peace treaty was concluded guaranteeing Aleppo's continued existence as a buffer state between the two powers.
Finally, in January 1002
Sa'id al-Dawla died, possibly poisoned by Lu'lu', and Lu'lu' assumed control of Aleppo in his own name.
Ziyar ibn Shahrakuya
Ziyar ibn Shahrakuya( also spelled Shahrakawayh), was a high- ranking Gilaki military officer who served the Buyids.
Ziyar was the son of Shahrakawayh, the son of Harusindan, the maternal uncle of the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij.
Ziyar had a cousin, who married the Buyid ruler Adud al- Dawla, and bore him one son named Abu Kalijar Marzuban.
During that period, Ziyar, along with a Daylamite officer named Fuladh ibn Manadhar, dominated the Buyid court of Baghdad.
After the death of Adud al- Dawla in 983, the Buyid Empire was thrown into civil war; the Empire was disputed between his two sons Abu Kalijar Marzuban( who took the name Samsam al- Dawla) and Sharaf al- Dawla.
The Turkic soldiers of Iraq shortly betrayed Samsam al- Dawla, and went towards to the court of Sharaf al- Dawla.
However, Ziyar managed to make most of them change their mind and stay loyal to Samsam al- Dawla.
In 987, Sharaf al- Dawla marched towards Baghdad and deposed Samsam al- Dawla.
He then imprisoned Fuladh and had Ziyar executed.
Sa'd al-Dawla
Sa'd al-Dawla Abu 'l-Ma'ali
Sharif, more commonly known by his "laqab" (honorific epithet), Sa'd al-Dawla , was the second ruler of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria.
The son of the emirate's founder, Sayf al-Dawla, he inherited the throne at a young age and in the midst of a major Byzantine offensive that within two years conquered the western portions of his realm and turned Aleppo into a tributary state.
Facing a multitude of rebellions and desertions until 977, Sa'd was unable even to enter his own capital, which was in the hands of his father's chief minister, Qarquya.
By maintaining close relations with the Buyids, he managed to re-establish his authority in parts of the Jazira, but his rule was soon challenged by the rebellion of his governor Bakjur, who was supported by the Fatimids of Egypt.
In turn, Sa'd came to rely increasingly on Byzantine assistance, although he continued to fluctuate in his allegiance between Byzantium, the Buyids, and the Fatimids.
Sa'id al-Afghani
Sa'id al- Afghani was a professor of Arabic language and literature at the University of Damascus.
He was regarded as one of the 20th century's leading scholars in both fields.
Asfar ibn Kurduya
Asfar ibn Kurduya( also spelled Kurdawayh, Kardawayh and Kurdawaih), was a Daylamite officer who served the Buyid dynasty.
Asfar is first mentioned during the reign of the Buyid ruler Adud al- Dawla, as one of the most prominent officers of the Empire.
After the death of Adud al- Dawla in 983, the Buyid Empire was thrown into civil war; the Empire was disputed between his two sons Samsam al- Dawla and Sharaf al- Dawla.
Samsam al- Dawla ruled Iraq, while Sharaf al- Dawla ruled Fars and Kerman.
In 986, Asfar rebelled against Samsam al- Dawla, and changed his allegiance to Sharaf al- Dawla.
However, Asfar quickly changed his mind, and declared allegiance to the latter's other brother Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh, who was shortly given the" laqab" of" Baha' al- Dawla."
However, Samsam al- Dawla, with the aid of Fuladh ibn Manadhar, suppressed the rebellion, and imprisoned Baha al- Dawla.
After this event, Asfar is no longer mentioned.
'Adud al-Dawla
Fannā( Panāh) Khusraw, better known by his laqab of ʿ Aḍud al- Dawla(" Pillar of the[ Abbasid] Dynasty")
( September 24, 936 – March 26, 983) was an emir of the Buyid dynasty, ruling from 949 to 983, and at his height of power ruling an empire stretching from Makran as far to Yemen and the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
He is widely regarded as the greatest monarch of the dynasty, and by the end of his reign was the most powerful ruler in the Middle East.
The son of Rukn al- Dawla, Fanna Khusraw was given the title of Adud al- Dawla by the Abbasid caliph in 948 when he was made emir of Fars after the death of his childless uncle Imad al- Dawla, after which Rukn al- Dawla became the senior emir of the Buyids.
In 974 Adud al- Dawla was sent by his father to save his cousin Izz al- Dawla from a rebellion.
After defeating the rebel forces, he claimed the emirate of Iraq for himself, and forced his cousin to abdicate.
His father, however, became angered by this decision and restored Izz al- Dawla.
After the death of Adud al- Dawla's father, his cousin rebelled against him, but was defeated.
Adud al- Dawla became afterwards the sole ruler of the Buyid dynasty and assumed the ancient Iranian title of Shahanshah(" King of Kings").
When Adud al- Dawla became emir of Iraq, the capital city, Baghdad, was suffering from violence and instability owing to sectarian conflict.
In order to bring peace and stability to the city, he ordered the banning of public demonstrations and polemics.
At the same time, he patronized a number of Shia scholars such as al- Mufid, and sponsored the renovation of a number of important Shia shrines.
In addition,' Adud al- Dawla is credited with sponsoring and patronizing other scientific projects during his time.
An observatory was built by his orders in Isfahan where Azophi worked.
Al- Muqaddasi also reports that he ordered the construction of a great dam between Shiraz and Estakhr in 960.
The dam irrigated some 300 villages in Fars province and became known as" Band -e Amir"( Dam of the emir).
Among his other major constructions was the digging of the Haffar channel, that joined the Karun river to the Shatt al- Arab river( the confluence of the Tigris and the Euphrates).
The port of Khorramshahr was built on the Haffar, at its joining point with the Shatt al- Arab.
Ali ibn Kama
Ali ibn Kama, the uncle of the Buyid ruler Rukn al- Dawla and the latter's other brothers Mu'izz al- Dawla and Imad al- Dawla, was a Buyid military officer who became prominent among the Buyids of Jibal, and was greatly honored among his Daylamite kinsmen.
At the death of Imad al- Dawla in 949, Ali was appointed as the viceroy of Ray by Rukn al- Dawla, who went to Shiraz to secure the succession of his son there, Adud al- Dawla.
Meanwhile, the Samanids used this opportunity to invade the territories of Rukn al- Dawla, forcing Ali to flee from Jibal.
In ca. 959, a battle ensured between Ali and the Ziyarid prince Bisutun, which resulted in a Buyid victory.
In 966, Ali and Rukn al- Dawla defeated a large force of" ghazis" who had arrived from Khorasan.
Rukn al- Dawla later died in 976 and was succeeded by his son Fakhr al- Dawla, who had Ali executed.
Lu'lu' al-Kabir
Abu Muhammad Lu'lu', surnamed al- Kabir(" the Elder") and al- Jarrahi al- Sayfi("[ servant] of the Jarrahids and Sayf al- Dawla"), was a military slave(" ghulam") of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo.
Under the rule of Sa'd al- Dawla, he rose to become the emirate's chamberlain, and on Sa'd al- Dawla's death in 991 he was appointed guardian of his son and successor, Sa'id al- Dawla.
The able Lu'lu' soon became the" de facto" ruler of the emirate, securing his position by marrying his daughter to the young emir.
His perseverance and aid from the Byzantine emperor Basil II preserved Aleppo from repeated Fatimid attempts to conquer it.
Upon Sa'id al- Dawla's death in 1002 —possibly poisoned by Lu'lu' —he became the ruler of the emirate, disinheriting Sa'id al- Dawla's sons.
He ruled with wisdom until his death in 1008/ 9.
He was succeeded by his son, Mansur, who managed to retain the throne until deposed in 1015/ 16.
Safiyy al-Dawla
Ṣafiyy al- Dawla Muḥammad
ibn ʿ Ali ibn Jaʾfar ibn Falāh was the Fatimid governor of Aleppo between October 1022 and April 1023.
He was specifically assigned to govern the city, while the citadel of Aleppo was assigned to a separate governor, the eunuch Yumn al- Dawla Sa'adat.
This marked the first time the Fatimids appointed separate rulers for the city and citadel of Aleppo since they gained direct control over the city in October 1016.
Safiyy al- Dawla belonged to the Kutama, a militant Berber group that played a major role in the Fatimid military, and he was the grandson of the Fatimid general Ja'far ibn Fallah.
He was bestowed with the title" ṣafiyy al- dawla"( chosen of the State).
Safiyy al- Dawla and Yumn al- Dawla were appointed to Aleppo to replace Abu'l- Najm Badr.
Nothing is known about their reign and Safiyy al- Dawla was dismissed in April 1023, and succeeded by Sanad al- Dawla Hasan.
Abu Sa'id al-Afif
Abu Sa'id al- Afif was a Samaritan physician in fifteenth century Cairo.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Sa'Id Al-Dawla?