Rhys ap Rhydderch
Rhys ap Rhydderch was the brother of Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, king of Deheubarth from 1044 to 1055.
Both were the sons of Rhydderch ab Iestyn, who had been able to take over the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth from 1023 to 1033.
By 1045, he and his brother had secured control of Morgannwg, and the native chronicles mention that in 1045 the two brothers performed some treacherous action against Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, the king of Gwynedd and Powys.
The exact nature of this treachery is not specified, however.
Although both Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the brothers were rivals to rule Deheubarth, in the end, the two brothers became the rulers of the disputed territory.
In 1049, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch joined with an Irish and Viking raiding party that raided England.
Probably, Rhys was with his brother on this raid into England.
The raid was opposed by Ealdred, the Bishop of Worcester, but the English forces were betrayed by Welsh soldiers serving with the English army, and the Welsh and Viking raiders defeated Ealdred's defenders.
King Edward the Confessor of England ordered the killing of Rhys in reprisal for his raiding of England, the decision being made at the royal court held at Christmas, 1052.
Rhys was killed, according to the D version of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", because he "did harmful things".
The chronicle of Florence of Worcester recorded a bit more information, stating that Rhys was killed at "Bulendun", which may be Bullen's Bank near Clyro in Radnorshire.
After his death, Rhys' head was brought to King Edward on 5 January 1053.
This left his brother as the only ruler in Deheubarth, but this did not last long, as around 1055, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn attacked the south and killed Gruffydd ap Rhydderch.
This left Gruffydd ap Llywelyn as the sole ruler of Wales, the first Welshman to be so.
Elisedd ap Cyngen
Elisedd ap Cyngen ap Cadell
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch( d. AD 1055) was a king of Gwent and part of the kingdom of Morgannwg in south Wales and later king of Deheubarth.
Gruffydd was the son of Rhydderch ab Iestyn who had been able to take over the kingdom of Deheubarth from 1023 to 1033.
He received the lordship of Caerleon in 1031 and strengthened its fortifications.
Already king of part of Morgannwg, Gruffydd became involved with Deheubarth when that kingdom was taken over from Hywel ab Edwin by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, already king of Gwynedd, in 1044.
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch was however able to expel him in 1045 and became king of Deheubarth himself.
He was said to be a powerful king who stoutly resisted raids by the Danes and attacks by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
In 1055 however Gruffydd ap Llywelyn killed him in battle and recaptured Deheubarth.
In 1049 he is reported raiding up the River Severn in alliance with an Irish Viking Fleet.
His son Caradog ap Gruffydd( who received Caerleon in 1057) also attempted to emulate his father and grandfather by gaining control of Deheubarth but was killed at the Battle of Mynydd Carn.
Pasgen ap Cyngen
Pasgen ap Cyngen was a mid 6th century King of Powys, and son of Cyngen Glodrydd.
Cyngen ap Cadell
Cyngen ap Cadell (English:
Cyngen son of Cadell) or also (Concenn), was King of Powys from 808 until his death in 855 during a pilgrimage to Rome.
Morgan ap Pasgen
Morgan ap Pasgen was a mid 6th century King of Powys, and a son of Pasgen ap Cyngen.
Gruffydd ap Rhys II
Gruffydd ap Rhys II( died 25 July 1201) was a prince of Deheubarth in south- west Wales.
Gruffydd ap Cyngen
Gruffydd ap Cyngen (died) was a prince of Powys in Wales of the Early Middle Ages.
His father Cyngen ap Cadell was the last king of Powys from the old Cadelling dynasty descended from Vortigern.
Gruffydd died before the realm was lost to the family of Rhodri the Great, however.
He is recorded in the Welsh histories as having been treacherously slain by his brother Elisedd.
Caradog ap Gruffydd
Caradog ap Gruffydd (d. 1081) was a Prince of Gwent in south-east Wales in the time of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the Norman conquest, who reunified his family's inheritance of Morgannwg and made repeated attempts to reunite southern Wales by claiming the inheritance of the Kingdom of Deheubarth.
Nest ferch Cadell
Nest ferch Cadell was the daughter of Cadell ap Brochfael, an 8th- century King of Powys, the wife of Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd.
On the death of her brother Cyngen ap Cadell in 855, authority over the Kingdom of Powys was claimed by Rhodri the Great, who had previously inherited the Kingdom of Gwynedd on the death of his father in 844.
Rhodri thus united the Kingdoms of Powys and Gwynedd.
Traditionally,
Nest was claimed to be Rhodri's mother, hence his claim to Powys would have been matrilineal.
However, it is unclear why the inheritance of Powys would have passed through Nest to her son, and not to one of the sons of Cyngen: Elisedd ap Cyngen, Ieuaf ap Cyngen, Aeddan ap Cyngen, and Gruffudd ap Cyngen.
The texts of Welsh laws which survive to us were written down no earlier than the 12th century, but they provide no evidence that women were capable of transmitting legal title of kingship or lordship.
Equally, although Rhodri's pedigree in a manuscript in Jesus College Oxford states
Nest as his mother, another pedigree in a fourteenth- century manuscript in the National Library of Wales records his mother as Essyllt ferch Cynan.
There are no strong grounds to accept either manuscript as reliable, but it is reasonable to believe that the royal house of Gwynedd promoted the view that the Kingdom of Powys had passed to Rhodri the Great through his mother in order to legitimise their control over it.
Either way, this possible genealogical manipulation became part of the accepted story of the unification of the two kingdoms.
Most now take Nest ferch Cadell to be the Nest who was married to Gwerstan son of Gwaithfoed, whose Grandson Bleddyn founded Powys' ruling House of Mathrafal.
Rhodri's mother is instead taken to be Essylt daughter of Cynan Dindaethwy, last King of the House of Cunedda; it follows that Essylt was not Merfyn's mother, but his wife.
Consequently those taking this view conclude that Nest's alleged marriage to Merfyn( or Rhodri) was merely a rumour spread and recorded by supporters of Gwynedd to demean the Kings of Powys, and to claim lordship over them.
The House of Gwynedd's Kingship is recorded being passed jure uxoris through Essylt to her husband Merfyn, and thence distaff( ie. by the female line) to their son Rhodri on Merfyn's death, the same going for Rhodri's wife Angharad, the daughter of Meurig King of Seisyllwg when her brother Gwgon drowned without an heir, allowing Rhodri to rule Seisyllwg jure uxoris, and his son Cadell to inherit it matrilinearly.

Question: Where was the place of death of Gruffydd Ap Cyngen's father?