James, Duke of Rothesay (born 1507)
James Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (21 February 1507 – 27 February 1508) was a short-lived heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Scotland.
He was the eldest son of James IV and his queen consort Margaret Tudor.
At the time of his birth at Holyrood Palace, James IV had survived his own brothers.
The newborn Duke of Rothesay and his father were the only living legitimate descendants of his paternal grandfather James III, though James IV had also had several children by various mistresses by 1507 including Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews), Katherine Stewart (later Countess of Morton), Margaret Stewart (later Lady Gordon), and James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (1501 creation).
The heir presumptive since 1504 was John Stuart, Duke of Albany, a nephew to James III.
The young Duke died only a year after his birth, at Stirling Castle.
His death left James IV again without an heir and the Duke of Albany again heir to the throne.
His younger brother, Arthur, Duke of Rothesay, would not be born until 1509.
Arthur also died the year following his birth — a younger brother of the young Princes was born in 1512 and would eventually succeed as James V.
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany( c. 1340 – 3 September 1420) was a member of the Scottish royal family who served as regent( at least partially) to three different Scottish monarchs( Robert II, Robert III, and James I).
A ruthless politician, Albany was widely regarded as having caused the murder of his nephew, the Duke of Rothesay, and brother to the future King James I of Scotland.
James was held in captivity in England for eighteen years, during which time Albany served as regent in Scotland, king in all but name.
He died in 1420 and was succeeded by his son, Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, who would be executed for treason when James returned to Scotland in 1425, almost causing the complete ruin of the Albany Stewarts.
Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (20 October 1509 – 14 July 1510) was the second son of James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, and had he outlived his father, he would have been King of Scotland.
John Stewart, Duke of Albany
John Stewart, Duke of Albany( 1481 or 14842 July 1536 in Mirfleur, France) was regent of the Kingdom of Scotland, Duke of Albany in peerage of Scotland and Count of Auvergne and Lauraguais in France.
Margaret Tudor
Margaret Tudor (28 November 1489 – 18 October 1541) was Queen of Scots from 1503 until 1513 by marriage to James IV of Scotland and
then, after her husband died fighting the English, she became regent for their son James V of Scotland from 1513 until 1515.
She was born at Westminster Palace as the eldest daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and granddaughter of Margaret Beaufort, Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.
Margaret Tudor had several pregnancies, but most of her children died young or were stillborn.
As queen dowager she married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus.
Through her first and second marriages, respectively, Margaret was the grandmother of both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Mary's second husband, Lord Darnley.
Margaret's marriage in 1503 to James IV linked the royal houses of England and Scotland, which a century later resulted in the Union of the Crowns.
Upon his ascent to the English throne, Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, was the first person to be monarch of both Scotland and England.
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany( 7 August 1485), was the second surviving son of King James II of Scotland and his wife, Mary of Gueldres.
He died in 1485 in a duel with the duke of Orléans, by a splinter from his lance.
James, Duke of Rothesay (born 1540)
James Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (22 May 1540 – 21 April 1541) was a short-lived heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Scotland.
He was the eldest son of James V and Mary of Guise, and nephew of his namesake James, Duke of Rothesay.
At the time of his birth in St Andrews, James V had survived his own brothers.
The newborn Duke of Rothesay and his father were the only living legitimate descendants of his paternal grandfather James IV of Scotland.
The heir presumptive since 1536 was his second cousin James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran.
The young Duke died only a year after his birth, at St Andrews.
His younger brother, Arthur Stewart, Duke of Albany, was born in April 1541 but neither sibling survived that month.
Their deaths left James V with no legitimate child and the Earl of Arran again heir to the throne.
Their younger sister Mary was born the following year and, only a few days later, succeeded their father as queen regnant with the Earl of Arran as regent.
Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray
Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray inherited the title before 15 February 1392.
In 1388 he displaced Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan as the provider of protection to Alexander Bur, Bishop of Moray and his church lands — following Buchan's burning of Elgin Cathedral in 1390 this agreement was dissolved.
He replaced Buchan as sheriff of Inverness in 1390.
In 1394, Moray was pressured into paying protection money to Alexander, lord of Lochaber and into granting him lands.
Moray was an adherent of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany and was appointed to the special council that was set up to supervise Robert III's son, David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, when he was appointed lieutenant of Scotland in 1399.
On 14 September 1402, a Scots army has defeated at the battle of Homildon Hill where Moray was taken prisoner—he did not receive his freedom until July 1405.
He died before August 1422 and was succeeded by his son Thomas before 9 August 1422.
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay( 16 October 1430 – 16 October 1430).
Duke of Rothesay is the honour taken by the heir apparent to the Scottish throne, and so it was given to this boy, the fifth child but first son of James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort.
Alexander, a twin, died in infancy, and his younger twin brother became James II of Scotland.
The twins were born in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh.
James Stewart, Duke of Ross
James Stewart, Duke of Ross( March 1476 – January 1504) was the second son of King James III of Scotland and Margaret of Denmark.

Question: What nationality is Arthur Stewart, Duke Of Rothesay's mother?