Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph
I or Francis Joseph I( 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, and monarch of many other states of the Austro- Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.
From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation.
He was the longest- reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as the third- longest- reigning monarch of any country in European history, after Louis XIV of France and Johann II of Liechtenstein.
In December 1848, Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary.
This allowed Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne.
Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains.
The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy – Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia, following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866.
Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro- Prussian War, the Peace of Prague( 23 August 1866) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia, which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg.
Franz Joseph was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign.
He concluded the Austro- Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria- Hungary.
He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother, the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867, the suicide of his only son and heir- apparent, Crown Prince Rudolf, in 1889, the assassination of his wife, Empress Elisabeth, in 1898, and the assassination of his nephew and heir- presumptive, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in 1914.
After the Austro- Prussian War, Austria- Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans, which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire.
The Bosnian Crisis was a result of Franz Joseph's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, which had been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin( 1878).
On 28 June 1914, the assassination of his nephew and heir- presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo resulted in Austria- Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, which was an ally of the Russian Empire.
That activated a system of alliances which resulted in World War I. Franz Joseph died on 21 November 1916, after ruling his domains for almost 68 years as one of the longest- reigning monarchs in modern history.
He was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles.
Franz Joseph Kallenbach
Franz Joseph Kallenbach( 21 August 1893 – 11 September 1944) was a German mycologist.
Franz Joseph Toussaint
Franz or François Joseph Toussaint was advisor and minister of finance to Empress Maria Theresa, being appointed minister of finance in Vienna on 8 June 1741.
He was also an advisor to Franz Stephen of Lorraine, later Franz I( 1708- 1765).
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria
Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria, full German name:" Franz Joseph Michael Karl
Maria Evaristus Quirinus Ottokar Herzog in Bayern"( 23 March 1888, Schloss Tegernsee, Kingdom of Bavaria – 23 September 1912, Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach.
Franz Joseph was the fifth and youngest child of Duke Karl- Theodor in Bavaria and his wife Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal.
Franz Joseph was the brother of Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria and sisters Duchess Amalie in Bavaria, Duchess Sophie Adelheid in Bavaria, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria and Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria.
Jan Hilgers
Johan Willem Emile Louis Hilgers( 19 December 188621 July 1945), more commonly known as Jan Hilgers or John Hilgers, was an Indo( Eurasian) aviator and one of the leading pioneers of Dutch aviation.
He was the first Dutch pilot to complete a flight in Dutch airspace 29 July 1910.
For the official memorial of this in 1955 a monument was erected in the town of Ede, also a road, the Jan Hilgersweg was named after him.
In the Dutch East Indies alone Hilgers made at least 8,000 take offs.
Throughout his career as aviator he survived at least 20 crashes without ever breaking a bone.
Johann Haller
Johann Haller or Jan Haller( 1463 – 1525) is considered one of the first commercial printers in Poland.
Jan Luyken
Johannes or Jan Luyken( April 16, 1649 – April 5, 1712) was a Dutch poet, illustrator and engraver.
Franz Joseph Spiegler
Franz Joseph Spiegler( 5 April 1691 – 15 April 1757) was a German Baroque painter.
He is best known for his frescoes, which decorate many of the churches and monasteries along the Upper Swabian Baroque Route.
The frescoes in the Zwiefalten Abbey are considered his masterpiece.
Spiegler was born the Free Imperial City of Wangen im Allgäu, the son of a district court attorney.
After the death of his father in 1692, his mother married the painter Adam Joseph Dollmann, a member of an old patrician family in Wangen.
This was Spiegler's introduction to the arts.
Around 1710 Spiegler began training as a painter in Munich under the tutelage of his great- uncle, the Bavarian court painter Johann Kaspar Sing.
During the course of his studies, Spiegler also became acquainted with the historical painting in vogue with the Dutch painters of the time.
From 1723 to 1725 Spiegler painted frescoes in the Ottobeuren Abbey that show the strong influence of the Italian painter Jacopo Amigoni( 1682– 1752).
Later he also created frescoes and oil paintings for numerous monasteries, churches, and castles in the regions of Upper Swabia, Lake Constance, the Black Forest, and the Upper Rhine.
In 1757 Spiegler died in Konstanz.
Jan Lagoor
Johan, or Jan Lagoor( 1620 – 1660), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
Anna Nahowski
Anna Nahowski( 1860 – 1931) was the mistress of Franz Joseph of Austria from 1875 until 1889.
She was from the age of fourteen married to the silk manufacturer Heuduck, who was heavily indebted by gambling and alcoholism.
She met Franz Joseph at a walk in the park of Schönbrunn.
The relationship was arranged between Anna and Franz Joseph without the knowledge of her spouse.
Franz Joseph visited her discreetly and regularly while her husband( whose debts were paid) was away.
This arrangement continued also after she remarried the decadent Franz Nahowski.
In 1889, Nahowski discovered that Franz Joseph was in parallel involved, and this time more publicly, with Katharina Schratt, which made Franz Joseph end the relationship to Nahowski.
Anna Nahowski was given economic compensation for both herself and her children( whose paternity is uncertain) in exchange for signing a contract of silence.
Her daughter Helene, who is believed to have been the emperor's, was the wife of the composer Alban Berg.
Her diary was published in 1976.

Question: Who died later, Franz Joseph Spiegler or Jan Hilgers?