Fredrik Georg Gade (businessman)
Fredrik Georg Gade( 4 June 1830 – 16 May 1905) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Liberal Party.
He was born in Bergen as the son of merchant Fredrik Georg Gade and his wife Anna.
His ancestor had migrated to Norway from Hannover in the second half of the eighteenth century.
In February 1854 he married Ingeborg Wallem( 1830 – 1902), a sister of Fredrik Meltzer Wallem.
Gade began working in his father's manufacture business" F. G. Gade" around the age of Confirmation, and took over the company in 1849.
As he did not acquire burghership until 1853, the company was run by his first cousin Herman Baars in the first phase.
The company eventually went well, and in 1877 Gade retired from business, buying the farm Øvre Fantoft in Fana.
He developed the surrounding area, and even bought a stave church which stood at Fortun in Sogn og Fjordane, had it moved and re-erected it as Fantoft stave church.
This church burned down in 1993 under gloomy circumstances.
Gade also took much of the initiative to found the Nesttun – Os Railway, and was an important shareholder.
From 1880 to 1896 Gade was the American consul for all of Western Norway, including the coast up to Vardø in the north.
He also served on Bergen city council from 1880 to 1895, being a member of the movement which would become the Liberal Party.
He successfully stood for election in 1882, and served one term in the Parliament of Norway, from 1883 to 1885.
When Johan Sverdrup became Prime Minister in 1884, Gade was a candidate for a government minister position, but declined the offer.
He wanted to back out of national politics, and only served as a deputy representative during the term 1886 – 1888.
Gade also founded two insurance companies, Vesta in 1880 and Hygea in 1884( often branded as the same company," Vesta- Hygea"), and was a board member of both companies until his death.
He was also a board member of Den Nationale Scene.
Gade was the father of Fredrik Georg Gade, Jr. and Herman Gerhard Gade, both notable physicians.
His daughter Emma married Anders Lorange.
Through his brother Gerhard he was an uncle of Fredrik Herman Gade and John Allyne Gade, and through his wife he was an uncle of Fredrik Barbe Wallem.
Fred H. Frank
Fred H. Frank was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly who lived in Appleton.
Maximus of Tyre
Maximus of Tyre( fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic.
His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens.
Although nominally a Platonist, he is really an Eclectic and one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.
Fredrik Meltzer Wallem
Fredrik Meltzer Wallem (19 April 1837 – 2 April 1922) was a Norwegian journalist and writer, known for his work for fisheries of Norway.
He was born in Bergen as the son of businessperson Johan Nordahl Wallem and his wife Emma Meltzer.
He spent time at sea between 1853 and 1860, but then enrolled as a law student in 1861 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1866.
He started a career as a journalist in "Morgenbladet" from 1864 to 1867, and was the editor-in-chief of "Bergensposten" from 1868 to 1871 and 1872 to 1875.
From 1886 to 1887 he edited "Christiania Intelligenssedler", and from 1886 to 1890 "Ny illustreret Tidende".
Having a background as a seaman, he wrote and reported extensively about fisheries issues, both through newspapers, books and lectures.
Among other issues, he is credited with as the first describer of the purse seine in Norway, in 1877, long before it was actually introduced.
From 1891 to 1896 he worked as the State Inspector of Saltwater Fisheries in Trondhjem; he also sat as a member of Trondhjem city council as well as the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.
He was behind the foundation of Trondhjem Biological Station and the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries in 1900, and served on the board of directors of the former entity.
In March 1877 he married Louise Adelaide Barbe, daughter of a French-American father and a German-American mother.
Their son Fredrik Barbe Wallem became a notable art historian.
His sister Ingeborg married businessperson Fredrik Georg Gade.
Through her, he was an uncle of Fredrik Georg Gade, Jr. and Herman Gerhard Gade.
Herman Gerhard Gade
Herman Gerhard Gade( 22 March 1870 – 1953) was a Norwegian physician, known for his work to fight tuberculosis.
He was born in Bergen as the son of businessperson Fredrik Georg Gade( 1830 – 1905) and his wife Ingeborg Wallem( 1830 – 1902).
In June 1899 he married Alvide C. Pedersen from Stavanger.
He was a brother of Fredrik Georg Gade, Jr, a brother- in- law of Anders Lorange, a first cousin of Fredrik Herman Gade, John Allyne Gade and Fredrik Barbe Wallem and a nephew of Fredrik Meltzer Wallem.
He finished his secondary education at Bergen Cathedral School in 1888, enrolled in medicine studies and took the cand.
med. degree in 1895.
He is mainly known for his work at the tuberculosis hospital in Hagavik.
He was hired at Hagavik in 1898, moved there in 1902 and later became chief physician and hospital director.
In 1908 he represented Norway at the Sixth International Congress on Tuberculosis held in Washington, DC.
Rainivoninahitriniony
Rainivoninahitriniony( 1824–1868), also called Raharo, was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Madagascar between 1852 and 1864.
He was the chief engineer of the Aristocratic Revolution initialized upon the attempted assassination of King Radama II.
His excesses and participation in the regicide saw him fall from favor, ultimately being relieved of his position and replaced as Prime Minister by his younger brother Rainilaiarivony.
Rainivoninahitriniony died in exile on May 5, 1868, shortly after an attempted coup meant to enable him to regain his position upon the death of Queen Rasoherina ended in failure.
Fredrik Barbe Wallem
Fredrik Barbe Wallem( 29 November 1877 – 3 July 1945) was a Norwegian art historian.
He was born in Bergen; the son of Fredrik Meltzer Wallem and Louise Adelaide Barbe.
He studied archeology and art history at the University of Kristiania.
His thesis from 1910 treated equipments in Icelandic churches of the Middle Ages.
In 1916 he wrote a book on the first hundred years of the Norwegian Students' Society.
He was manager of the" Nordenfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum" in Trondheim from 1920 to 1945, and lectured at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.
He was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.
Rasoherina
Rasoherina( 1814 – 1 April 1868)( also Rasoherina- Manjaka) was Queen of Madagascar from 1863 to 1868, succeeding her husband Radama II following his presumed assassination.
Ranavalona I
Ranavalona I( born Rabodoandrianampoinimerina;
1778 – August 16, 1861), also known as Ramavo and Ranavalo- Manjaka I, was sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar from 1828 to 1861.
After positioning herself as queen following the death of her young husband and second cousin, Radama I, Ranavalona pursued a policy of isolationism and self- sufficiency, reducing economic and political ties with European powers, repelling a French attack on the coastal town of Foulpointe, and taking vigorous measures to eradicate the small but growing Malagasy Christian movement initiated under Radama I by members of the London Missionary Society.
She made heavy use of the traditional practice of" fanompoana"( forced labor as tax payment) to complete public works projects and develop a standing army of between 20,000 and 30,000 Merina soldiers, whom she deployed to pacify outlying regions of the island and further expand the realm.
The combination of regular warfare, disease, difficult forced labor and harsh measures of justice resulted in a high mortality rate among soldiers and civilians alike during her 33- year reign.
Although greatly obstructed by Ranavalona's policies, French and British political interests in Madagascar remained undiminished.
Divisions between traditionalist and pro-European factions at the queen's court created opportunities that European intermediaries exploited in an attempt to hasten the succession of Ranavalona's son, Radama II.
The young prince disagreed with many of his mother's policies and was amenable to French proposals for the exploitation of the island's resources, as expressed in the Lambert Charter he concluded with a French representative in 1855.
These plans were never successful, however, and Radama II was not to take the throne until 1861, when Ranavalona died aged 83.
Ranavalona's European contemporaries generally condemned her policies and characterized her as a tyrant at best and insane at worst.
Radama II
Radama II( September 23, 1829 – May 12, 1863[" contested"]) was the son and heir of Queen Ranavalona I and ruled from 1861 to 1863 over the Kingdom of Madagascar, which controlled virtually the entire island.
Radama's rule, although brief, was a pivotal period in the history of the Kingdom of Madagascar.
Under the unyielding and often harsh 33- year rule of his mother, Queen Ranavalona I, Madagascar had successfully preserved its cultural and political independence from French and British designs.
Rejecting the queen's policy of isolationism and Christian persecution, Radama II permitted religious freedom and re-opened Madagascar to European influence.
Under the terms of the Lambert Charter, which Radama secretly contracted in 1855 with French entrepreneur Joseph- François Lambert while Ranavalona still ruled, the French were awarded exclusive rights to the exploitation of large tracts of valuable land and other lucrative resources and projects.
This agreement, which was later revoked by Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony, was key to establishing France's claim over Madagascar as a protectorate and, in 1896, as a colony.
The dramatic contrast between Ranavalona's isolationism and her son's pro-European stance represented an abrupt reversal of policy that threatened the traditional sociopolitical order.
Radama's absolutism in pursuing dramatic reforms in disregard of the advice of his ministers ultimately turned them against him.
In a coup led by his Prime Minister, Rainivoninahitriniony, Radama II was strangled on May 12, 1863.
His wife Rabodo, who took the throne name Rasoherina, was allowed by the ministers to succeed her husband on the condition that she and future sovereigns would no longer rule unilaterally, but rather in concert with the Hova( the class of free citizens) as represented by the position of Prime Minister.
The public was informed that Radama had committed suicide and that his body had been unceremoniously interred in a tomb in Ilafy.
However, there soon emerged rumors – believed by prominent foreigners Jean Laborde and William Ellis – that Radama lived and was making plans to reclaim the throne.
A strong case has since been made on the basis of significant evidence that Radama may indeed have revived after the strangling and lived to old age in anonymity near Lake Kinkony in the northwestern part of the island.

Question: Who lived longer, Fredrik Barbe Wallem or Radama Ii?