Hugh de Courtenay
Sir Hugh de Courtenay( 1251 – 1292) was the son and heir of John de Courtenay, feudal baron of Okehampton, Devon, by Isabel de Vere, daughter of Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford.
His son inherited the earldom of Devon.
Matilda I, Countess of Nevers
Matilda I, Countess of Nevers or Mathilde de Courtenay, or Mahaut de Courtenay,( 1188 – 1257), was a ruling countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre.
She was the only daughter of Peter II of Courtenay and of Agnes of Nevers, born from the Capetian House of Courtenay, she was married to Hervé IV of Donzy and then to Guigues IV of Forez.
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay
Jan Niecisław Ignacy Baudouin de Courtenay (13 March 1845 – 3 November 1929)
(Russian:
Иван Александрович Бодуэн де Куртенэ ("Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Kurtene")) was a Russian and Polish linguist and Slavist, best known for his theory of the phoneme and phonetic alternations.
For most of his life Baudouin de Courtenay worked at Imperial Russian universities: Kazan (1874–1883), Dorpat (as Tartu, Estonia was then known) (1883–1893), Kraków (1893–1899) in Austria-Hungary, and St. Petersburg (1900–1918), and in Russia he is recognized as a Russian scientist.
In 1919-1929 he was a professor at the re-established University of Warsaw in a once again independent Poland.
Ermengarde of Nevers
Ermengarde de Nevers( 1073 – 1100) was the daughter of Renaud II, Count of Nevers and Auxerre, and of Ida de Forez.
She married Miles( Milo) de Courtenay( died 1127), son of Jocelin de Courtenay and Isabel, daughter of Guy I of Montlhéry.
Their son was Renaud de Courtenay.
Mikołaj Kruszewski
Mikołaj Habdank Kruszewski,( Russianized," Nikolay Vyacheslavovich Krushevsky", Никола́й Вячесла́вович Круше́вский)( December 18, 1851, Lutsk – November 12, 1887, Kazan) was a Polish linguist, most significant as the co-inventor of the concept of phonemes, and relative of Anya Lucia Kruszewski.
From 1883, he was a professor at Kazan University.
His notable works include" On Sound Alternation"( 1881) and" Outline of Linguistic Science"( 1883).
The former is actually the introduction to his master's thesis on morphophonemic alternation in Old Slavic( the section focusing on the theoretical background for the empirical work in the body of the thesis) and the latter is his doctoral thesis.
A student of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay( 1845 – 1929), Kruszewski worked with de Courtenay to develop the linguistics associated with the Kazan school.
These inspired other linguists.
Since it is difficult to distinguish who created which concept, the systematic treatment of alternation may be attributed to both.
Their innovative and highly influential work has been acclaimed by Roman Jakobson only about a hundred years after his time.
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:
Cezaria Jędrzejewiczowa
Cezaria Jędrzejewiczowa or, Cezaria Anna Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz-Jędrzejewiczowa (1885 – 1967) was a Polish scientist, art historian and anthropologist.
She was one of the pioneers of ethnology in Poland and one of the first scientists to adopt phenomenology in studies on the folk culture.
Robert of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles
Robert of Courtenay, born( – 1239 Palestine) was lord of Champignelles and grandson of Louis VI of France.
Robert de Courtenay was the seventh child of ten children of Peter I of Courtenay( 1126 – 1183) and his wife, Elizabeth de Courtenay.
Robert took part in the conquest of Normandy in 1204.
During the siege of Château Gaillard, he fought alongside his cousin Philip II of France.
In 1228, he left for a crusade to the Holy Land, where he died 11 years later in Palestine.
Renaud de Courtenay
Renaud de Courtenay, anglicised to Reginald I de Courtenay, of Sutton, Berkshire, was a French nobleman of the House of Courtenay who took up residence in England and founded the English Courtenay family, who became Earls of Devon in 1335.
The title is still held today, by his direct male descendant.
Lev Shcherba
Lev Shcherba( commonly Scherba)( Russian: Лев Влади́мирови ч Ще́рба, Belarusian: Леў Уладзіміравіч Шчэрба)( – December 26, 1944) was a Russian linguist and lexicographer specializing in phonetics and phonology.
Born in Igumen( Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire, now Chervyen, Belarus) to the family of an engineer.
Shcherba went to high school in Kiev, graduating in 1898, and briefly attended Kiev University before moving to the capital and entering St. Petersburg University.
There he studied under Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, graduating in 1903.
In 1906 he traveled abroad, first to Leipzig and then to northern Italy, where he studied Tuscan dialects.
During the autumn holidays of 1907 and 1908, on the advice of Baudouin de Courtenay, he studied the Sorbian languages, writing a description of the Mužakow dialect( spoken in the east, near Muskau).
At the end of 1907 he went to Paris, where he worked in the experimental phonetics laboratory of Jean- Pierre Rousselot studying the phonetics of a series of languages using experimental methods; on his return to Russia he began setting up an experimental phonetics laboratory, paying for equipment from his own stipend, and this became the institution that now bears his name.
As early as 1912, basing himself on the ideas of Baudouin de Courtenay, he elaborated the concept of the phoneme, defined by him as the grouping of sounds into" sound types".
In 1912 he defended his master's thesis and in 1915 received his doctorate from St. Petersburg University, where he was a professor from 1916 to 1941.
He became the founder of the so- called" Leningrad school" of phonology, which included M. I. Matusevich and L. R. Zinder among others and carried on a polemic with the" Moscow school."
However, he spent the last few years of his life in Moscow, where he died.
He became an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1943.
Beyond phonology, Shcherba made significant contributions to the wider fields of linguistics and lexicography.
In contrast to Ferdinand de Saussure, he recognized three rather than two objects of study: speech activity, language systems, and language material.
He placed emphasis on the question of the capacity of the speaker to produce sentences never previously heard, a question which would become important to the linguistics of the later twentieth century.
He also emphasized the importance of experiments in linguistics, particularly that of negative results, developing methods which became important for field study.
He was the teacher of the lexicographer Sergei Ozhegov, author of the most widely used Russian dictionary.
Shcherba is the author of the" glokaya kuzdra" sentence, which consists of words whose roots do not exist in Russian, but has correct construction in terms of Russian morphology and syntax — similar to Chomsky's" Colorless green ideas sleep furiously".
He invented this sentence to illustrate the distinction between grammar and vocabulary.

Question: Where was the place of death of Cezaria Jędrzejewiczowa's father?