Gerhard, Count of Mark
Gerhard, Count zur Mark( 1378 – 1461) was the de facto ruler of the County of Mark between 1430 and 1461.
Dietrich was the third son of Count Adolf III of the Marck and Margaret of Jülich .< br>
His father had acquired the County of Cleves in 1368 and given this title to his eldest son Adolf.
The second son Dietrich received the title of Count of Mark.
When Dietrich fell in battle in 1398, he was succeeded as Count of Mark by his elder brother Adolf.
The ambitious Gerhard claimed a part of his father's territories for himself.
In 1423, it came to an armed conflict between Adolf and Gerhard, who had allied himself with the Archbishop of Cologne.
Peace was signed between the two brothers in 1430, and confirmed in 1437.
As a result, Gerhard ruled the largest part of Mark, but was to be succeeded by his nephew John.
Gerhard died in 1461 without children and the County of Mark and Duchy of Cleves were reunited again in a personal union under John I.
Kurt Vonnegut
Kurt Vonnegut (born Kurt Vonnegut Jr., ; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer.
In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published fourteen novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction, with further collections being published after his death.
He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel "Slaughterhouse-Five" (1969).
Born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University but dropped out in January 1943 and enlisted in the United States Army.
As part of his training, he studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Tennessee.
He was then deployed to Europe to fight in World War II and was captured by the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge.
He was interned in Dresden and survived the Allied bombing of the city by taking refuge in a meat locker of the slaughterhouse where he was imprisoned.
After the war, Vonnegut married Jane Marie Cox, with whom he had three children.
He later adopted his sister's three sons, after she died of cancer and her husband was killed in a train accident.
Vonnegut published his first novel, "Player Piano", in 1952.
The novel was reviewed positively but was not commercially successful.
In the nearly 20 years that followed, Vonnegut published several novels that were only marginally successful, such as "Cat's Cradle" (1963) and "God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater" (1964).
Vonnegut's breakthrough was his commercially and critically successful sixth novel, "Slaughterhouse-Five".
The book's anti-war sentiment resonated with its readers amidst the ongoing Vietnam War and its reviews were generally positive.
After its release, "Slaughterhouse-Five" went to the top of "The New York Times" Best Seller list, thrusting Vonnegut into fame.
He was invited to give speeches, lectures and commencement addresses around the country and received many awards and honors.
Later in his career, Vonnegut published several autobiographical essays and short-story collections, including "Fates Worse Than Death" (1991), and "A Man Without a Country" (2005).
After his death, he was hailed as a morbidly comical commentator on the society in which he lived and as one of the most important contemporary writers.
Vonnegut's son Mark published a compilation of his father's unpublished compositions, titled "Armageddon in Retrospect".
In 2017, Seven Stories Press published "Complete Stories", a collection of Vonnegut's short fiction including five previously unpublished stories. "
Complete Stories" was collected and introduced by Vonnegut friends and scholars Jerome Klinkowitz and Dan Wakefield.
Numerous scholarly works have examined Vonnegut's writing and humor.
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:
Beaulieu-sur-Loire
Beaulieu- sur- Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north -central France.
It is also the place of death of Jacques MacDonald, a French general who served in the Napoleonic Wars
Mark Vonnegut
Mark Vonnegut (born May 11, 1947) is an American pediatrician and memoirist.
He is the son of writer Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. and his first wife, Jane Cox.
He is the brother of Edith Vonnegut and Nanette Vonnegut.
He described himself in the preface to his 1975 book as "a hippie, son of a counterculture hero, BA in religion, (with a) genetic disposition to schizophrenia."
Mark Vonnegut (whom his parents named after Mark Twain) graduated from Swarthmore College in 1969.
He briefly worked at Duthie Books and was also briefly chief of a 20-man detachment of special state police that provided the security for Boston State Hospital.
During the Vietnam War, he filed an application with the draft board to be considered a conscientious objector, which was denied.
After taking the psychological examination, he was given a psychiatric 4F classification and avoided conscription into the U.S. military.
During his undergraduate years, he set out to become a Unitarian minister.
He eventually abandoned that goal.
He is the author of "The Eden Express" (1975), which describes his trip to British Columbia to set up a commune with his friends and his personal experiences with schizophrenia, which at that time he attributed to stress, diet and in part, drug use.
During this period, he lived mainly at the commune at Powell Lake, located 18 kilometers by boat from the nearest road or electricity.
The book is widely cited as useful for those coping with schizophrenia.
He married in 1975.
He had a son, Eli James Vonnegut (b. 1980).
On February 14, 1971, he was diagnosed with severe schizophrenia and committed to Hollywood Hospital in Vancouver.
Standard psychotherapy did not help him, and most of his doctors said his case was hopeless.
Vonnegut first attributed his recovery to orthomolecular megavitamin therapy and then wrote "The Eden Express".
However, it should be pointed out that in this book, he states that "approximately a third - improve without any treatment.
Whatever shrink happens to be standing around when such remissions occur is usually willing to assume credit" pg. 267.
From the book, one can see that he was trying to decide if it is the therapy or the ever changing medications that are the most effective for treatment.
Vonnegut does not presently attribute his recovery to vitamins.
In reality, such situations take years of trial and error treatment to figure out what actually is effective treatment since the diagnostic tools are based on statistics (a group of symptoms and how long they last and what is the age of the patient), making them inherently weak on predictability.
This is made worse given the short duration of any treatment because of the prohibitive costs of longer term productive treatment.
He subsequently studied medicine at Harvard Medical School and later came to the conclusion that he actually had bipolar disorder.
Dr. Vonnegut, despite odds against him, graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1979.
After graduation, Dr. Vonnegut completed a pediatric Internship and Residency at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Dr. Vonnegut published an article in The New England Journal of Medicine December 27, 2007 and has published several short pieces on pediatrics and other topics in The Boston Globe and The Patriot Ledger.
He has served on the National Institute for Health Consensus Conference on ADHD since November 1999.
Dr. Vonnegut wrote The Eden Express which was first published in 1975 and re-published in 2002.
His new book, "Just Like Someone Without Mental Illness Only More So", was published October 5, 2010.
He has practiced pediatrics for over 30 years, opening his own practice, M.V. Pediatrics, in 2001.
Dr. Vonnegut respects the parents’ right to choose what is best for their children, and will support parents' decisions.
His practice discourages psychiatric medication use in children, and instead offers therapy via social workers, reiki, yoga, and acupuncture.
He is currently a pediatrician in Quincy, Massachusetts.
Vonnegut published his second book, "Just Like Someone Without Mental Illness Only More So", in 2010.
Like "The Eden Express", it is autobiographical.
Motherland (disambiguation)
Motherland is the place of one's birth, the place of one's ancestors, or the place of origin of an ethnic group.
Motherland may also refer to:
John I, Duke of Cleves
John I, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark( 16 February 1419 – 5 September 1481) was Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark.
Dietrich IX, Count of Mark
Dietrich IX, Count of Mark( 1374 – 1398) was the Count of Mark from 1393 until 1398.
Dietrich was the second son of Count Adolf III of the Marck and Margaret of Jülich.
His father had acquired the County of Cleves in 1368 and reserved this title for his eldest son Adolph to succeed him after his death.
Dietrich already received the title of Count of Mark in 1393, when his father was still alive.
When Dietrich fell in battle in 1398, he was succeeded by his elder brother Adolph, who had become Count of Cleves in 1394.
Thus the County of Mark and the County of Cleves were reunited again.
Dance of Death (disambiguation)
Dance of Death, also called" Danse Macabre", is a late- medieval allegory of the universality of death.
Dance of Death or The Dance of Death may also refer to:
Place of birth
The place of birth( POB) or birthplace is the place where a person was born.
This place is often used in legal documents, together with name and date of birth, to uniquely identify a person.
As a general rule with respect to passports, the place of birth is determined to be the country that currently has" sovereignty" over the actual place of birth, regardless of when the birth actually occurred.
The place of birth is not necessarily the place where the parents of the new baby live.
If the baby is born in a hospital in another place, that place is the place of birth.
In many countries, this also means that the government requires that the birth of the new baby is registered in the place of birth.
Some countries place less or no importance on the place of birth, instead using alternative geographical characteristics for the purpose of identity documents.
For example, Sweden has used the concept of" födelsehemortdomicile of birth") since 1947.
This means that the domicile of the baby's mother is the registered place of birth.
The location of the maternity ward or other physical birthplace is considered unimportant.
Similarly, Switzerland uses the concept of" Heimatortlieu d'origineluogo d'origineplace of origin" in German, French and Italian respectively).
A child born to Swiss parents is automatically assigned the place of origin of the parent with the same last name, so the child either gets their mother's or father's place of origin.
A child born to one Swiss parent and one foreign parent acquires the place of origin of their Swiss parent.
In a Swiss passport and identity card, the holder's place of origin is stated, not their place of birth.
In some countries( primarily in the Americas), the place of birth automatically determines the nationality of the baby, a practice often referred to by the Latin phrase" jus soli".
Almost all countries outside the Americas instead attribute nationality based on the nationality( ies) of the baby's parents( referred to as" jus sanguinis").
There can be some confusion regarding the place of birth if the birth takes place in an unusual way: when babies are born on an airplane or at sea, difficulties can arise.
The place of birth of such a person depends on the law of the countries involved, which include the nationality of the plane or ship, the nationality( ies) of the parents and/ or the location of the plane or ship( if the birth occurs in the territorial waters or airspace of a country).
Some administrative forms may request the applicant's" country of birth".
It is important to determine from the requester whether the information requested refers to the applicant's" place of birth" or" nationality at birth".
For US citizens born abroad who under the US Constitution acquire US citizenship at the time of birth, the nationality at birth will be USA( American), while the place of birth would be the country in which the actual birth takes place.

Question: Where did Mark Vonnegut's father die?