John Maynard (politician)
Sir John Maynard KS (1602 – 9 October 1690) was an English lawyer and politician, prominent under the reigns of Charles I, the Commonwealth, Charles II, James II and William III.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne  or Charles the Great (2 April 748 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Romans from 800.
During the Early Middle Ages, he united the majority of western and central Europe.
He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier.
The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.
He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III.
Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage.
He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom.
He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain.
He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianizing them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden.
He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome's Old St. Peter's Basilica.
Charlemagne has been called the "Father of EuropePater Europae"), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish or Roman rule.
His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church.
Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire considered themselves successors of Charlemagne, as did the French and German monarchs.
The Eastern Orthodox Church viewed Charlemagne less favorably due to his support of the filioque and the Pope's having preferred him as Emperor over the Byzantine Empire's Irene of Athens.
These and other disputes led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054.
Charlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest in his imperial capital city of Aachen.
He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons who lived to adulthood, but only the youngest of them, Louis the Pious, survived to succeed him.
Charles the Younger
Charles the Younger or Charles of Ingelheim
(c. 772 – 4 December 811) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the second son of Charlemagne and the first by his second wife, Hildegard of Swabia and brother of Louis the Pious and Pepin Carloman.
When Charlemagne divided his empire among his sons, his son Charles was designated King of the Franks.
Where Was I
" Where Was I?" may refer to:
Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria (1922–1993)
Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria( 31 May 1922 – 6 January 1993) was a member of the House of Habsburg- Lorraine.
She was the youngest daughter of Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria, and his wife, Princess Zita of Bourbon- Parma.
Adelaide of Paris
Adélaïde of Paris( or Aélis)( c. 850/853 – 10 November 901) was a Frankish queen.
She was the second wife of Louis the Stammerer, King of West Francia, and was the mother of Charles the Simple.
Charles the Child
Charles the Child( Latin" Karolus puer", from the" Annales Bertiniani"; 847/848, Frankfurt am Main – 29 September 866, Buzançais) was the King of Aquitaine from October 855 until his death in 866.
He was the second son of Charles the Bald and brother of Louis the Stammerer.
The younger Charles was appointed by his father, who had previously ruled as King of Aquitaine himself from 838, as a sop to Aquitainian separatism.
The Aquitainians had previously rebelled against Charles the Bald, requesting from Louis the German that he send one of his sons to rule over them.
Louis had sent his second son, Louis the Younger, prompting Charles the Bald to release his rival claimant to Aquitaine, Pippin II.
Pippin succeeded in rallying the nobles to support himself and Charles the Bald against Louis the Younger, who was driven out.
By October, however, Pippin lost his popularity with the still- rebellious Aquitainians, prompting Charles the Bald to appoint Charles the Child as King.
Charles the Child was duly anointed at Limoges.
Within a year, he had been replaced by the Aquitainians with Pippin II.
These same then deposed Pippin and restored Charles the Child.
Pippin was captured in 864 and imprisoned at Senlis, at which point he disappears from history.
Unlike previous sub-kings of Aquitaine,( Louis the Pious, Pippin I, Pippin II), Charles the Child had no real authority at all.
Before 840, the kingdom had been ruled in person by an autonomous king; Charles the Bald, however, after his accession as King of Western Francia, attempted to maintain power in Aquitaine.
Consequently, Charles the Child, and his brother, Louis the Stammerer, did not rule in person, had no chancery, could issue no instruments; they were no longer empowered to bestow privileges, endow religious establishments, or dispose of royal property.
All the rights of the region were invested in Charles the Bald, in whose absence the nobles of the Kingdom gathered power.
Nonetheless, as Charles grew older, he began to exercise what little personal authority he could.
For example, in 862 he chose and married a wife against the will of his father.
The name of his wife is unknown, although she was apparently the widow of a count named Humbert.
Charles the Bald reasserted his power over his son in 863, forcing the younger Charles to put away his wife and be loyal to his father.
A year later, he was accidentally struck with a sword in the head by a member of his own hunting party in a mock combat, leading Ado of Vienne to say that" Charles was dishonoured(" dehonestatus") by having suffered it".
The blow left him mentally incapacitated until his resultant death in 866.
He died childless and was buried in Bourges.
Gisela of France
Gisela( fl. 911) was a legendary French princess who was, according to legend, married to Rollo, duke of Normandy.
According to tradition, Rollo was betrothed to Gisela, daughter to the king of West Francia, Charles the Simple, after his conversion to Christianity upon his ascension as ruler of Normandy in 911.
The marriage and the existence of Gisela are not confirmed, supporting the mythical character of Gisela.
Some suggested that, if she really did exist, she may have been an illegitimate daughter of Charles.
A character named Gisla( presented as a daughter of Charles the Bald rather than his grandson Charles the Simple, and as the mother of Rollo's children) is portrayed in the TV series Vikings by Morgane Polanski.
Richilde of Provence
Richilde of the Ardennes( or Richilde of Provence)( ca. 845 – 2 June 910, Kingdom of Lower Burgundy) was the second consort of Charles the Bald, King and Emperor of the Franks.
By her marriage, she became Queen of the West Franks, and then Empress of the Franks.
She also served as a regent.
Richilde was the daughter of Bivin of Gorze, Count of the Ardennes, and the sister of Boso of Provence( of the Bosonid dynasty).
Her aunt was Theutberga, the wife of Lothar II of Lotharingia.
Her marriage to Charles the Bald, in 870 after the death of his first wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, was intended to secure his rule in Lotharingia through her powerful family and her connection to Theutberga, the previous Queen consort.
She bore him five children, but only the eldest daughter, Rothilde, survived to adulthood.
Whenever Charles went to war, Richilde managed the realm, and acted as head of state after the death of Charles in 877.
Louis the Stammerer( son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans) died on 10 April 879 while his children were too young to rule on their own.
Richilde planned to place her brother Boso, Duke of Burgundy, on the throne.
However, she was accused of incest with her brother and the lords of the kingdom refused to subject themselves to her authority.
She then helped Boso to become King of Provence.
She attempted to assume a position of authority upon the death of Louis III in 882, and of Carloman II in 884; however, the empire was agitated and under threat by the Normans, and the grandees of the realm forced her to withdraw to Provence, then the realm of her nephew Louis the Blind, where she died on 2 June 910.
King Charles the Martyr
King Charles the Martyr, or Charles, King and Martyr, is a title of Charles I, who was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1625 until his execution on 30 January 1649.
The title was used by high church Anglicans who regarded Charles's execution as a martyrdom.
His feast day in the Anglican calendar of saints is 30 January, the anniversary of his execution in 1649.
The cult of Charles the Martyr was popular with Tories.
The observance was one of several" state services" removed in 1859 from the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England and the Church of Ireland.
There remain some churches and parishes dedicated to Charles the Martyr, and his cult is maintained by some Anglo- Catholic societies, including the Society of King Charles the Martyr founded in 1894.

Question: Where did Charles The Younger's father die?