Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł
Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł( 4 February 1515 – 28 May 1565), nicknamed" The Black"( Lithuanian:" Juodasis"), was a Polish- Lithuanian noble who held several administrative positions within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Voivode of Vilnius, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, and Grand Hetman of Lithuania.
Alternate renditions of his name include,, and.
His first name is sometimes given in English as Nicholas.
Mikołaj was able to gain much political influence thanks to the romance between his cousin Barbara Radziwiłł and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Zygmunt II August.
This made him one of the most powerful royal advisers.
Mikolaj became Marshal of Lithuania, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, as well as Palatine of Vilnius, gained immense wealth and became the most powerful magnate in the Commonwealth of that time.
The growing influence of the Radziwiłł family was further bolstered when, during a diplomatic mission to Charles V and Ferdinand I, he and his cousin Mikołaj the Red received a hereditary title of" Prince"( Reichsfürst( SRI)).
He formed an alliance with his cousin Mikołaj" the Red" Radziwiłł against other notable Lithuanian families in the rivalry for the dominant status in the Great Duchy of Lithuania.
This alliance marked the formation of a dynastic- like cooperation between Radziwiłłs and showed how family interests could affect magnates' relations with the state.
Both Radziwiłłs backed the cause of Lithuania's sovereignty and opposed the growing Polish- Lithuanian union.
Coincidentally, despite opposing close ties with Poland, he was the chief negotiator in the successful negotiation between Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the state controlled by the Livonian Order, which led to the secularisation of Livonia and its union with Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1562.
Mikołaj contributed to the ongoing Polonisation of the Grand Duchy, influencing other Lithuanian nobles to follow him in adopting Polish cultureits fashion, customs and language.
He was known for his religious beliefs, as he was one of the most prominent converts and advocates of the Reformed churches faith in Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
He provided financial support for the printing of the first complete Polish translation of the Bible in 1563 in Brest- Litovsk, distributed works written in defense of the Reformed faith, financed a church and college in Vilnius, supported educated Protestants, and in various other ways fostered the Calvinist faith.
He is known to have exchanged letters with John Calvin and protected religious exiles from Italy.
Because Protestants supported usage of local languages, he is also believed to have funded Lithuanian churches and schools.
With the exception of his daughter Anna, all his children converted to Roman Catholicism and became ardent supporters of the Counter Reformation.
He is remembered by a statue in the Brest Millennium Monument.
Gaudemunda of Lithuania
Gaudemunda Sophia of Lithuania (also Gaudimantė; c. 1260 –
1288/1313) was the daughter of Traidenis, Grand Duke of Lithuania (c. 1270–1282).
In 1279 she married Duke of Masovia Bolesław II (c. 1254–1313) of the Piast dynasty.
He was the son of Ziemowit I, Prince of Masovia, and Pereyaslava, daughter of Daniel of Galicia of the Rurik dynasty.
Her husband united the Duchy of Masovia and then divided it between their sons, who were:
Antanas Tumėnas
Antanas Tumėnas( 13 May 1880 in Kurkliečiai, near Rokiškis – 8 February 1946 in Bachmanning, Austria) was a Lithuanian politician, teacher, professor of law, judge, Prime Minister of Lithuania in the 10th cabinet, Chairman of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania.
He was a member of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party.
Tumėnas was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and was appointed as chairman of the Constitutional Commission of Lithuania( 1922).
Later he was a member of the 1st Seimas.
He participated in creating the law system of the new republic.
He was Minister of Justice in the 9th, 10th and 11th Cabinets of Lithuania.
Alexander Jagiellon
Alexander I Jagiellon (5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was the grand duke of Lithuania and later also king of Poland.
He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon.
He was elected grand duke of Lithuania on the death of his father (1492) and king of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert (1501).
Traidenis
Traidenis  (died 1282) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1270 (or 1269) till 1282.
He is the second most prominent, after Mindaugas, Grand Duke of Lithuania in the 13th century.
His reign ended a seven-year unrest period after Mindaugas was assassinated in 1263 and firmly established the Grand Duchy as a pagan state for another hundred years.
Traidenis expanded the Grand Duchy into the territories of Sudovians and Semigalians and strengthened its influence in Black Ruthenia.
Unlike Mindaugas, Traidenis did not concentrate on expansion into the east.
The circumstances surrounding Traidenis' advance to power are not clear.
While his ancestors are unknown, it is known that he came from Aukštaitija, as he was Duke of Kernavė.
From the outset his relationships with Halych-Volhynia were tense as he replaced Shvarn, Duke of Halych-Volhynia and Lithuania.
The tension eventually resulted in the 1274–1276 war.
Despite Mongol support to
Halych-Volhynia, Traidenis was successful in battle and his control over Black Ruthenia (Navahradak, Hrodna, Slonim, and other cities) was strengthened.
Traidenis also made incursions into Poland, especially surroundings of Lublin and Łęczyca, that continued to about 1306.
However, these raids did not affect Masovia as Traidenis established a dynastic link through his daughter Gaudemunda with its dukes.
This dynastic relationship was further developed by Gediminas.
Traidenis, known for his devotion to paganism and anti-German attitude, was also successful in fighting with the Livonian Order.
In 1270 he won the Battle of Karuse, fought on ice near Saaremaa, and killed Otto von Lutterberg, master of the Order.
A new master, Andreas von Westfalen, sought a quick revenge, but was also killed by Traidenis.
However, by 1272 the Order retaliated, attacking Semigalia and building Dinaburg Castle in 1273 on lands nominally controlled by Traidenis.
Despite four siege engines used to throw stones, he was unable to capture the new fortress and had to retreat in 1278.
In 1279 the order attacked Lithuanian lands, reaching as far as Kernavė, but on their way back they suffered a great defeat in the Battle of Aizkraukle.
The Order's master, Ernst von Rassburg, became the third master to be killed by Traidenis.
The defeat encouraged conquered Semigallians to rebel.
The Semigalians, led by Nameisis, were now willing to acknowledge Lithuania's superiority and asked Traidenis for assistance.
In 1281, Traidenis conquered Jersika Castle in the present-day Preiļi District, and was able to exchange it for Dinaburg Castle.
However, Traidenis died soon afterwards, and assistance to Semigalians, exhausted by constant warfare, diminished.
Traidenis is the first known Lithuanian duke to have died a natural death.
All others before him were assassinated or killed in battle.
Rokas Masiulis
Rokas Masiulis( born 6 August 1969) is a Lithuanian politician, former Minister of Transport and Communications of Lithuania.
He was previously Minister of Energy of Lithuania.
Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski
Wincenty Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski "de armis" Ślepowron (c. 1620 – 29 November 1662) – was a Polish nobleman, general, Field-Commander of Lithuania from 1654, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania and Lithuanian Great-Quartermaster since 1652, General of Artillery of Lithuania from 1651, Grand-Master of the Pantry of Lithuania from 1646 (honorary court title).
Teresa Korwin Gosiewska
Teresa Korwin Gosiewska properly Princess Teresa Sapieha( died 1708) was a Polish noblewoman( szlachcianka) and royal favorite, known for her political activity as the influential confidante of queen Marie Casimire.
She was the daughter of Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski and Magdalena Konopacka.
In 1677, she married Józef Bogusław Słuszka" de armis" Ostoja( 1652–1701), Field- Commander of Lithuania, Castle- Commander of Vilnius, Court Marshal of Lithuania, Great- Standard- Bearer of Lithuania, Great- Hunter of Lithuania, District- Governor of Rzeczyca, Lanckorona, Pinsk, Pieniawa and Jeziera.
By marriage, she attended court regularly, and became a personal friend and confidante of the queen.
In 1694, the queen selected her to escort her daughter to her marriage with the Elector of Bavaria.
During her absence from Poland, she also visited the French royal court of Louis XIV.
From at least 1696, she had a relationship with Jan Kazimierz Sapieha, whom she tried to benefit at court.
During the election of 1696- 97, she allied with the former queen and tried to raise support in Lithuania for the queen's candidate.
In 1701, she was widowed, and in 1703 she finally married her longtime lover Prince Jan Kazimierz Sapieha," de armis" Lis( 1637 – 1720), Great Cup- Bearer of Lithuania.
Deputy Master of the Pantry of Lithuania.
Court Treasurer of Lithuania.
Field- Commander of Lithuania.
District- Governor of Zmuzka and Brzeg.
Palatine- Governor of Vilnius and Great- Commander of Lithuania.
She opposed the election of Stanisław Leszczyński in 1704.
She founded the Jesuit church in Vilnius and a hospital in Antokol.
Vilius Šapoka
Vilius Šapoka( born 14 December 1978) is the current Minister of Finance in the Republic of Lithuania and Governor of the European Investment Bank for the Republic of Lithuania.
Stefan Pac
Stefan Pac( c. 1587–17 November 1640) was a Polish- Lithuanian nobleman, politician and magnate.
He was the private secretary of King Sigismund III of Poland since 1611, Grand Clerk of Lithuania since 1615, Recorder of Lithuania since 1626, Court Treasurer of Lithuania since 1630, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania since 1630 and eventually the Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania since 1635.
Marshal of the Sejm( extraordinary) on 13–18 November 1629 in Warsaw.

Question: Where was the place of death of Gaudemunda Of Lithuania's father?
Answer: Kernavė