Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Magnus II of Saxe- Lauenburg( 1543 – 14 May 1603, Ratzeburg) was the eldest surviving son of Duke Francis I of Saxe- Lauenburg and Sybille of Saxe- Freiberg( Freiberg, *2 May 1515 – 18 July 1592*, Buxtehude), daughter of Duke Henry IV" the Pious".
In 1571 Magnus II ascended the throne after his father Francis I resigned due to indebtedness.
Two years later Francis I, helped by his other son Francis( II), deposed Magnus II and re-ascended.
Magnus' violent and judicial attempts to regain the duchy failed.
In 1588 he was imprisoned for the remainder of his life.
Gilbert, Earl of Orkney
Gilbert, son of Magnus( 1210 – 1256) was Jarl of Orkney( which, at the time, included Caithness and Sutherland).
Although this was a Norwegian title, some writers use the Scottish term" Earl", as when the land became Scottish, in the 15th century, the position was replaced by an Earl.
Son of Jarl Magnus II, he succeeded his father in 1239.
He was in turn father of Magnus III, who succeeded him, and Matilda( or Maud), who married Malise II, Earl of Strathearn and was the great- grandmother of Malise V, Earl of Strathearn, who later also inherited the Jarldom.
Henrik Skadelår
Henrik Skadelår( c. 1090- 4 June 1134) was a Danish prince, the son of Svend Tronkræver, an illegitimate son of king Sweyn II of Denmark.
He was the father of King Magnus II of Sweden.
He died in the Battle of Fotevik.
After the murder on his cousin Knud Lavard in 1131," Henrik Skadelår" was mentioned as a possible future king of Denmark.
However, his uncle Niels survived Henrik by three weeks.
Valborg Eriksdotter
Valborg Eriksdotter( 1545- 1580), was the royal mistress of Magnus, Duke of Östergötland, between 1560 and 1567.
She was the only official mistress of Magnus with the exception of Anna von Haugwitz.
She was the mother of the acknowledged illegitimate daughter of Magnus, Lucretia Magnusdotter( Gyllenhielm).
Valborg Eriksdotter background is unconfirmed, but she is believed to be the daughter of a vicar.
It is noted that she could read and write, which was not common at the time.
She became the official mistress of Magnus in 1560, and followed him to Vadstena when he left court to reside at Vadstena Castle as duke of Ostrogothia.
In 1563, Magnus became mentally ill, and his brother, Eric XIV of Sweden, gave her many gifts to make her stay with Magnus during his illness.
She demanded, and was granted, an entire private floor as residence for her and her children at Vadstena Castle.
She also visited the court at Stockholm, and she is believed to be the unidentified royal mistress who were mentioned as a friend of Karin Månsdotter during the Sture Murders in 1567.
She was still the mistress of Magnus at Nyköping Castle the autumn of 1567, but by November, the relationship seem to have been terminated.
Valborg Eriksdotter married by autumn 1567 a" Master Hans" who is otherwise unidentified.
It is noted that she visited Magnus during late 1567, and that she, by all accounts, was regarded to have a good effect upon him.
She became a widow the autumn of 1568 and was awarded several estates which provided her with a good income by king John III.
She married shortly afterward with an unidentified man, believed to have been a nobleman or an officer.
She died on one of her estates in 1580, likely of the plague which was present in Sweden at that year.
Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of Lüneburg
Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg (died 28 June 1385 in Wittenberg) was born as the son of Otto (d. 30 March 1350), a younger son of the prince-elector Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg, and his (Otto's) wife Elisabeth, daughter of Duke William II of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
In 1370 he succeeded his (maternal) grandfather as the Duke or Prince of Lüneburg.
William II of Brunswick-Lüneburg named his grandson Albert as his heir in Lüneburg because neither he or his brother had male heirs.
In fact William II had previously asked Emperor Charles IV for the eventual enfeoffment of the state to his grandson, but backed away again in the years that followed, because he feared the influence of Albert's uncles, Wenceslas I and Rudolf II.
A further reason may be found in the terms of the Brunswick-Lüneburg investiture agreement of 1235 as well as the succession treaties agreed by William's father Otto the Strict with Brunswick-Lüneburg's Wolfenbüttel line of the House of Welf, according to which the principality had to be passed to any male heir within the entire Welf house if there were one.
After the death of William II and the succession of the Wolfenbüttel Magnus II, the Lüneburg War of Succession broke out between Saxe-Wittenberg and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
Albert was backed by his uncle the Prince-Elector Wenceslas of Saxony (Saxe-Wittenberg).
On 25 July 1373, Duke Magnus was killed in a battle near Leveste on the Deister (part of modern-day Gehrden).
After this an arrangement was agreed between Prince-Elector Wenceslas and Albert, on the one hand and the widow of Magnus II and her sons on the other.
It was agreed that the land would belong, undivided, to the two Ascanians from Saxe-Wittenberg and, after their deaths, would be transferred to the sons of the fallen duke, Magnus II.
And that it should continue to alternate after the deaths of the Welfs, i.e. the succession would pass to the Ascanians again.
In order that this plan could also be reinforced by family ties, in 1374 Albert of Saxe-Lüneburg married the widow of Magnus II, Catharina and chose Celle as his home, which he made a residence in 1378.
The two still underage sons of Magnus also married into the House of Ascania in 1386.
He would rule the Principality of Lüneburg jointly with his uncle Wenceslas until his death on 28 June 1385.
Erling Skakke
Erling Skakke( 1115 – 18 June 1179) was a Norwegian Jarl during the 12th century.
He was the father of Magnus V, who reigned as King of Norway from 1161 to 1184.
Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway
Ingeborg Eriksdotter( – 24/26 March 1287) was a Danish princess.
She was married to King Magnus VI of Norway and was Queen consort of Norway.
Later as queen dowager, she played an important part in politics during the minority of her son King Eirik II of Norway.
Karl Giese
Karl Giese (1898 - March 1938) was a German archivist, museum curator and life partner of Magnus Hirschfeld.
Harald Hardrada
Harald Sigurdsson, also known as Harald of Norway (– 25 September 1066) and given the epithet Hardrada (modern Norwegian: , roughly translated as "stern counsel" or "hard ruler") in the sagas, was King of Norway (as Harald III) from 1046 to 1066.
In addition, he unsuccessfully claimed the Danish throne until 1064 and the English throne in 1066.
Before becoming king, Harald had spent around fifteen years in exile as a mercenary and military commander in Kievan Rus' and of the Varangian Guard in the Byzantine Empire.
When he was fifteen years old, in 1030, Harald fought in the Battle of Stiklestad together with his half-brother Olaf Haraldsson (later Saint Olaf).
Olaf sought to reclaim the Norwegian throne, which he had lost to the Danish king Cnut the Great two years prior.
In the battle, Olaf and Harald were defeated by forces loyal to Cnut, and Harald was forced into exile to Kievan Rus' (the sagas').
He thereafter spent some time in the army of Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise, eventually obtaining rank as a captain, until he moved on to Constantinople with his companions around 1034.
In Constantinople, he soon rose to become the commander of the Byzantine Varangian Guard, and saw action on the Mediterranean Sea, in Asia Minor, Sicily, possibly in the Holy Land, Bulgaria and in Constantinople itself, where he became involved in the imperial dynastic disputes.
Harald amassed considerable wealth during his time in the Byzantine Empire, which he shipped to Yaroslav in Kievan Rus' for safekeeping.
He finally left the Byzantines in 1042, and arrived back in Kievan Rus' in order to prepare his campaign of reclaiming the Norwegian throne.
Possibly to Harald's knowledge, in his absence the Norwegian throne had been restored from the Danes to Olaf's illegitimate son Magnus the Good.
In 1046, Harald joined forces with Magnus's rival in Denmark
(Magnus had also become king of Denmark), the pretender Sweyn II of Denmark, and started raiding the Danish coast.
Magnus, unwilling to fight his uncle, agreed to share the kingship with Harald, since Harald in turn would share his wealth with him.
The co-rule ended abruptly the next year as Magnus died, and Harald thus became the sole ruler of Norway.
Domestically, Harald crushed all local and regional opposition, and outlined the territorial unification of Norway under a national governance.
Harald's reign was probably one of relative peace and stability, and he instituted a viable coin economy and foreign trade.
Probably seeking to restore Cnut's "North Sea Empire", Harald also claimed the Danish throne, and spent nearly every year until 1064 raiding the Danish coast and fighting his former ally, Sweyn.
Although the campaigns were successful, he was never able to conquer Denmark.
Not long after Harald had renounced his claim to Denmark, the former Earl of Northumbria, Tostig Godwinson, brother of the newly chosen (but reigning not for long) English king Harold Godwinson (also known as Harold of Wessex), pledged his allegiance to Harald and invited him to claim the English throne.
Harald went along and invaded Northern England with 10,000 troops and 300 longships in September 1066, raided the coast and defeated English regional forces of Northumbria and Mercia in the Battle of Fulford near York.
Although initially successful, Harald was defeated and killed in an attack by Harold Godwinson's forces in the Battle of Stamford Bridge, which wiped out almost his entire army.
Modern historians have often considered Harald's death, which brought an end to his invasion, as the end of the Viking Age.
Magnus II of Norway
Magnus Haraldsson (Old Norse: "Magnús Haraldsson"; c. 1048 – 28 April 1069) was King of Norway from 1066 to 1069, jointly with his brother Olaf Kyrre from 1067.
He was not included in official Norwegian regnal lists until modern times, but has since been counted as Magnus II.
A son of King Harald Hardrada, Magnus was in 1058 appointed nominal leader of an expedition into the Irish Sea
while still only a child.
He appears to have assisted Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia in their struggles against Wessex, although his primary objective may have been to assert control over Orkney.
He later accompanied his father in Harald's campaign against Denmark in 1062, and was appointed regent and made king before Harald's fatal invasion of England in 1066.
Magnus briefly ruled Norway alone thereafter, until his younger brother Olaf returned from England in 1067.
Magnus co-ruled with Olaf following his brother's return to Norway, but less than three years into his reign, Magnus became ill and died.
His kingship has been downplayed in later history in part due to this.
Magnus had only one child, Haakon Toresfostre who was king briefly after Olaf, but who also died young, and without issue.

Question: Where was the place of death of Magnus Ii Of Norway's father?
Answer: Stamford Bridge