Abu Kalijar
Abu Kalijar Marzuban (died October 1048) was the Buyid amir of Fars (1024–1048), Kerman (1028–1048) and Iraq (1044–1048).
He was the eldest son of Sultan al-Dawla.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al- Malik ibn Marwan ibn al- Hakam( July/ August 644 or June/ July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death.
A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in Medina was occupied with pious pursuits.
He held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I, founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I.
By the time of Abd al- Malik's accession, Umayyad authority had collapsed across the Caliphate as a result of the Second Muslim Civil War and had been reconstituted in Syria and Egypt during his father's reign.
Following a failed invasion of Iraq in 686, Abd al- Malik focused on securing Syria before making further attempts to conquer the greater part of the Caliphate from his principal rival, the Mecca- based caliph Abd Allah ibn al- Zubayr.
To that end, he concluded an unfavorable truce with the reinvigorated Byzantine Empire in 689, quashed a coup attempt in Damascus by his kinsman, al- Ashdaq, the following year, and reincorporated into the army the rebellious Qaysi tribes of the Jazira( Upper Mesopotamia) in 691.
He then conquered Zubayrid Iraq and dispatched his general, al- Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, to Mecca where he killed Ibn al- Zubayr in late 692, thereby reuniting the Caliphate under Abd al- Malik's rule.
The war with Byzantium resumed, resulting in Umayyad advances into Anatolia and Armenia, the destruction of Carthage and the recapture of Kairouan, the launchpad for the later conquests of western North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, in 698.
In the east, Abd al- Malik's viceroy, al- Hajjaj, firmly established the caliph's authority in Iraq and Khurasan, stamping out opposition by the Kharijites and the Arab tribal nobility by 702.
Abd al- Malik's final years were marked by a domestically peaceful and prosperous consolidation of power.
In a significant departure from his predecessors, rule over the Caliphate's provinces was centralized under Abd al- Malik, following the elimination of his rivals.
Gradually, loyalist Arab troops from Syria were tasked with maintaining order in the provinces as dependence on less reliable, local Arab garrisons receded.
Tax surpluses from the provinces were forwarded to Damascus and the traditional military stipends to veterans of the early Muslim conquests and their descendants were abolished, salaries being restricted to those in active service.
The most consequential of Abd al- Malik's reforms were the introduction of a single Islamic currency in place of Byzantine and Sasanian coinage and the establishment of Arabic as the language of the bureaucracy in place of Greek and Persian in Syria and Iraq, respectively.
His Muslim upbringing, the conflicts with external and local Christian forces and rival claimants to Islamic leadership all influenced Abd al- Malik's efforts to prescribe a distinctly Islamic character to the Umayyad state.
Another manifestation of this initiative was his founding of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest archaeologically attested religious monument built by a Muslim ruler and the possessor of the earliest epigraphic proclamations of Islam and the prophet Muhammad.
The foundations established by Abd al- Malik enabled his son and successor, al- Walid I, who largely maintained his father's policies, to oversee the Umayyad Caliphate's territorial and economic zenith.
Abd al- Malik's centralized government became the prototype of later medieval Muslim states.
As-Salih Ayyub
Al- Malik as- Salih Najm al- Din Ayyub( Cairo, 5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249 in Al Mansurah), nickname: Abu al- Futuh( أبو الفتوح), also known as al- Malik al- Salih, was the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249.
Bahramshah
Al- Malik al- Amjad Bahramshah was the Ayyubid emir of Baalbek between 1182-1230( 578- 627 AH).
Timurbugha
Timurbugha( died 1475) was the seventeenth Burji Sultan of Mamluk Egypt, briefly ruling from late 1467 to early 1468 when he was deposed.
He used the title of" al- Malik al- Zāhir".
Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman
Al- Malik al- Mansur Fakhr ad- Din Uthman ibn Jàqmaq, more simply known as Al- Mansur Uthman( in Arabic, al- Malik al- Mansur Fahr ad- Dīn ʿ Uthman ibn Jaqmaq) was Sultan of Cairo's Mamluk Burji dynasty( 1453).
At 80 years old, the death of Sultan Jaqmaq allowed his son, Uthman( fathered from a Greek slave) to take the title of Al- Malik al- Mansur Fakhr ad- Din Uthman.
At the beginning of his reign, he was whipped by his principal minister.
After disputes with Amir on the amount of donations to various groups of Mamelukes that had become a burden, street battles ensued between the groups of Mamelukes.
Inal al- Ajrud group and the Mamluks house Barquq occupied Kalat al- Djabal( Fortelesa the Mount).
He was nominated as Sultan as the Abbasid Caliph of Cairo and four- kadi the Kudat with the title of al- Malik al- Ashraf al- Din Sayda.
Uthman had no support and because of his behavior was deposed.
Al-Malik al-Aziz
Abu Mansur Khusrau Firuz, better known by his" laqab" of Al- Malik al- Aziz( Arabic: الملك العزيز," the strong king"), was a Buyid prince who served as the governor of Wasit.
He was the son of Jalal al- Dawla.
During his father's lifetime, Al- Malik al- Aziz served as the governor of Wasit, and was considered his heir.
However, when his father died in 1044, Abu Kalijar, the Buyid ruler of Fars and Kerman, invaded Iraq, and captured Baghdad.
Al- Maik al- Aziz managed to flee from Baghdad, and take refuge with the Mazyadids, and then with the Uqaylids.
He also made some fruitless attempts to capture Iraq and regain his throne.
He later died in 1049 at Mayyafariqin.
Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani
Al- Samh ibn Malik al- Khawlani was the Arab governor general of Al- Andalus from between 719 and 721.
Al-Malik al-Rahim
Abu Nasr Khusrau Firuz (died 1058 or 1059), better known by his "laqab" of Al-Malik al-Rahim ("the merciful king") was the last Buyid amir of Iraq (October 1048–1055).
He was the son of Abu Kalijar.
Ala al-Din Abu'l-Ghana'im Sa'd
Ala al- Din Abu'l- Ghana'im Sa'd was an Iranian statesman from the Fasanjas family who served as the" vizier" of the Buyid ruler al- Malik al- Rahim( r. 1048 – 1055) from 1048 to 1055.

Question: Who is the paternal grandfather of Al-Malik Al-Rahim?
Answer: Sultan al-Dawla