Raymond II, Count of Tripoli
Raymond II (1116 – 1152) was count of Tripoli from 1137 to 1152.
He succeeded his father, Pons, Count of Tripoli, who was killed during a campaign that a commander from Damascus launched against Tripoli.
Raymond accused the local Christians of betraying his father and invaded their villages in the Mount Lebanon area.
He also had many of them tortured and executed.
Raymond was captured during an invasion by Imad ad-Din Zengi, atabeg of Mosul, who gained the two important castles of Montferrand (at present-day Baarin in Syria) and Rafaniya in exchange for his release in the summer of 1137.
Since his army proved unable to secure the defence of the eastern borders of his county, Raymond granted several forts to the Knights Hospitaller in 1142.
The sudden death of his father's uncle, Alfonso Jordan, Count of Toulouse, during the Second Crusade gave rise to gossips which suggested that Raymond had poisoned him, because Alfonso Jordan had allegedly wanted to lay claim to Tripoli.
Alfonso Jordan's illegitimate son, Bertrand of Toulouse, actually seized the fortress of Araima in the County of Tripoli in 1149, but Raymond recaptured it with the assistance of Muslim rulers.
Raymond ceded the castle to the Knights Templar.
The marriage of Raymond and his wife, Hodierna of Jerusalem, was unhappy.
Her sister, Melisende of Jerusalem, came to Tripoli to put an end to their conflict.
Hodierna preferred to leave Tripoli for Jerusalem along with her sister and Raymond escorted them for a short distance.
On his way back to Tripoli, a group of Assassins stabbed him at the southern gate of the town.
He was the first Christian ruler to be murdered by the Assassins.
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Raymond III, Count of Tripoli
Raymond III (1140 – September/October 1187) was count of Tripoli from 1152 to 1187.
He was a minor when Assassins murdered his father, Raymond II of Tripoli.
Baldwin III of Jerusalem, who was staying in Tripoli, made Raymond's mother (Hodierna of Jerusalem) regent.
Raymond spent the following years at the royal court in Jerusalem.
He participated in a series of military campaigns against Nur ad-Din, the Zengid ruler of Damascus, after he reached the age of majority in 1155.
Raymond hired pirates in 1161 to pillage the Byzantine coastline and islands to take vengeance on Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, who had refused to marry his sister Melisende.
Captured in the Battle of Harim on 10 August 1164, he was imprisoned in Aleppo for almost ten years.
During his captivity, Amalric I of Jerusalem administered the county of Tripoli on his behalf.
Raymond was released for a large ransom which he had to borrow from the Knights Hospitaller, and put up hostages to guarantee the payment of the debt.
His marriage to Eschiva of Bures made him prince of Galilee and one of the wealthiest noblemen in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Raymond claimed the regency as the closest male relative of Amalric's minor son and successor, Baldwin IV, after Amalric's death in 1174.
Although all bishops and many influential noblemen supported him, he was elected bailiff (or regent) only after lengthy debates.
Raymond remained neutral during the conflicts between Nur ed-Din's successors and his former commander, Saladin, which facilitated the unification of Egypt and a significant part of Syria under Saladin.
After Baldwin reached the age of majority in 1176, Raymond returned to Tripoli and launched a series of military campaigns against the Muslim territories with little success.
He and Bohemond III of Antioch unexpectedly marched to Jerusalem at the head of their armies before Easter 1180, and Baldwin IV thought that they came to dethrone him.
They only sought to diminish the influence of the king's mother, Agnes of Courtenay, and her brother (Joscelin III of Edessa) over the government, but their sudden arrival had the opposite effect.
The king married her sister and heir, Sibylla, to the Courtenays' supporter Guy of Lusignan.
Raymond had to leave the kingdom, and could not return for more than two years.
Relations between Baldwin IV and Guy of Lusignan became tense, and the dying king disinherited his sister in favor of her son Baldwin V. Raymond's partisans also persuaded the king to make him bailiff for the child Baldwin V in 1185.
His authority was limited because Joscelin III of Edessa was made the child's guardian, and all royal fortresses were placed into the custody of the military orders.
After Baldwin V died in the summer of 1186, Raymond convoked the barons of the realm to an assembly to Nablus; this enabled Sibylla's supporters to take possession of Jerusalem.
After Sybilla and Guy of Lusignan were crowned, Raymond tried to persuade her half-sister Isabella and Isabella's husband (Humphrey IV of Toron) to claim the throne; however, Humphrey swore fealty to Sybilla and Guy.
Raymond refused to do homage to them and made an alliance with Saladin, allowing the sultan to cross Galilee during his campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem and to place a garrison in Tiberias.
Raymond was reconciled with Guy only after Saladin decided to launch a full-scale invasion against the crusaders in the summer of 1187.
He commanded the vanguard of the crusaders' army in the Battle of Hattin, which ended with their catastrophic defeat.
Raymond was one of the few crusader commanders who were not killed or captured.
He fled to Tyre and then to Tripoli, where he died (probably of pleurisy) after bequeathing Tripoli to his godson, Raymond of Antioch.
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Question: Who is Raymond Iii, Count Of Tripoli's paternal grandfather?
Answer: Pons, Count of Tripoli