Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (Maria Amalia Teresa; 26 April 1782 – 24 March 1866) was a French queen by marriage to Louis Philippe I, King of the French.
Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
Maria Amalia (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was the Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage.
Maria Amalia was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and
Emperor Francis I. She was thus younger sister to Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and older sister to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Marie Antoinette, Queen of France.
Héctor Barrantes
Héctor Barrantes Sansoni( 1939–1990) was an Argentine polo player.
He was the stepfather of Sarah, Duchess of York.
Princess Carolina of Parma
Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770 – 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony.
Carolina was the eldest child of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and his wife Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.
Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
Maria Amalia of Austria
( Maria Amalie Josefa Anna; 22 October 1701 – 11 December 1756) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Bohemia, Electress and Duchess of Bavaria etc. as the spouse of Emperor Charles VII.
By birth, she was an archduchess of Austria, the daughter of Emperor Joseph I and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick- Lüneburg.
Maria Amalia had seven children, only four of whom lived through to adulthood, including Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria.
Infante Gabriel of Spain
Infante Gabriel of Spain( 12 May 1752 – 23 November 1788) was a son of King Charles III of Spain and his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony.
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.
She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma.
By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.
She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740.
Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it.
He neglected the advice of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who averred that a strong military and a rich treasury were more important than mere signatures.
Eventually, he left behind a weakened and impoverished state, particularly due to the War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739).
Moreover, upon his death, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime.
Frederick II of Prussia (who became Maria Theresa's greatest rival for most of her reign) promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the seven-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession.
In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort.
Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire.
Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.
Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had eleven daughters, including the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Duchess of Parma, and five sons, including two Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II.
Of the sixteen children, ten survived to adulthood.
Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph, both of whom were officially
her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers.
Maria Theresa promulgated institutional, financial and educational reforms, with the assistance of Wenzel Anton of Kaunitz-Rietberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten.
She also promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing.
However, she despised the Jews and the Protestants, and on certain occasions she ordered their expulsion to remote parts of the realm.
She also advocated for the state church and refused to allow religious pluralism.
Consequently, her regime was criticized as intolerant by some contemporaries.
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (1737–1740)
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria( Full name( German):" Maria Elisabeth Amalia Antonia Josefa Gabriele Johanna Agathe"; 5 February 1737 – 7 June 1740), was the eldest child and daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, later Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Duke Francis of Lorraine, later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (1780–1798)
Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria ("Maria Amalia Josephe Johanna Katharina Theresia"; 15 October 1780 - 25 December 1798) was an Archduchess of Austria by birth.
Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1740–1741)
Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (
Maria Carolina Ernestina Antonia Johanna Josefa; 12 January 1740 – 25 January 1741), was the third child and daughter of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, later Holy Roman Empress and Duke Francis of Lorraine.

Question: Who is the father of Maria Amalia, Duchess Of Parma?
Answer: Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor