Article: List of Chief Ministers of Kerala

Question: Who was E. M. S. Namboodiripad and what was his political career? 
Answer: E. M. S. Namboodiripad was an Indian communist politician, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69.
Evidence table:
No.
Name Constituency Ministry
Portrait
Term (tenure length)
Assembly (election)
Party (alliance)
Party (alliance)
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
1 November 1956 – 5 April 1957 (155 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
1
E. M. S. Namboodiripad MLA for Nileshwaram 1st EMS ministry
-
5 April 1957 – 31 July 1959 (2 years, 117 days)
First Assembly (1957–59) (1957 election)
Communist Party of India
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
31 July 1959 – 22 February 1960 (206 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
2
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai MLA for Trivandrum II Thanupillai ministry
-
22 February 1960 – 26 September 1962 (2 years, 216 days)
Second Assembly (1960–64) (1960 election)
Praja Socialist Party
-
3
R. Sankar MLA for Cannanore I Sankar ministry
-
26 September 1962 – 10 September 1964 (1 year, 350 days)
Second Assembly (1960–64) (1960 election)
Indian National Congress
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
10 September 1964 – 25 March 1965 (2 years, 177 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
25 March 1965 – 6 March 1967 (2 years, 177 days)
Dissolved (1965 election)
N/A
-
(1)
E. M. S. Namboodiripad MLA for Pattambi Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry
-
6 March 1967 – 1 November 1969 (2 years, 240 days; total 4 years, 357 days)
Third Assembly (1967–70) (1967 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Saptakakshi Munnani)
-
4
C. Achutha Menon MLA for Kottarakkara First C. Achutha Menon ministry
-
1 November 1969 – 1 August 1970 (273 days)
Third Assembly (1967–70) (1967 election)
Communist Party of India
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
4 August – 3 October 1970 (60 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
(4)
C. Achutha Menon MLA for Kodakara Second C. Achutha Menon ministry
-
4 October 1970 – 25 March 1977 (6 years, 172 days; total 7 years, 80 days)
Fourth Assembly (1970–77) (1970 election)
Communist Party of India (United Front)
-
5
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala First K. Karunakaran ministry
-
25 March – 25 April 1977 (31 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian National Congress (United Front)
-
6
A. K. Antony MLA for Kazhakkuttom First A. K. Antony ministry
-
27 April 1977 – 27 October 1978 (1 year, 183 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian National Congress (United Front)
-
7
P. K. Vasudevan Nair MLA for Alleppey P. K. Vasudevan Nair ministry
-
29 October 1978 – 7 October 1979 (343 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Communist Party of India (United Front)
-
8
C. H. Mohammed Koya MLA for Malappuram C. H. Mohammed Koya ministry
-
12 October – 1 December 1979 (50 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian Union Muslim League (United Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
5 December 1979 – 25 January 1980 (51 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
9
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Malampuzha First E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
25 January 1980 – 20 October 1981 (1 year, 268 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
21 October – 28 December 1981 (68 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
N/A
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Second K. Karunakaran ministry
-
28 December 1981 – 17 March 1982 (79 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
Indian National Congress (I) (United Democratic Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
17 March – 23 May 1982 (67 days; total 4 years, 54 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Third K. Karunakaran ministry
-
24 May 1982 – 25 March 1987 (4 years, 305 days)
Seventh Assembly (1982–87) (1982 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(9)
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Trikaripur Second E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
26 March 1987 – 17 June 1991 (4 years, 83 days)
Eighth Assembly (1987–91) (1987 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Fourth K. Karunakaran ministry
-
24 June 1991 – 16 March 1995 (3 years, 265 days; total 8 years, 315 days)
Ninth Assembly (1991–95) (1991 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(6)
A. K. Antony MLA for Thirurangadi Second A. K. Antony ministry
-
22 March 1995 – 9 May 1996 (1 year, 48 days)
Ninth Assembly (1991–95) (1991 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(9)
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Thalassery Third E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
20 May 1996 – 13 May 2001 (5 years, 24 days; total 11 years, 10 days)
Tenth Assembly (1996–2001) (1996 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(6)
A. K. Antony MLA for Cherthala Third A. K. Antony ministry
-
17 May 2001 – 29 August 2004 (3 years, 75 days; total 5 years, 306 days)
Eleventh Assembly (2001–06) (2001 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
10
Oommen Chandy MLA for Puthuppally First Oommen Chandy ministry
-
31 August 2004 – 12 May 2006 (1 year, 254 days)
Eleventh Assembly (2001–06) (2001 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
11
V. S. Achuthanandan MLA for Malampuzha V. S. Achuthanandan ministry
V. S. Achuthanandan.JPG
18 May 2006 – 14 May 2011 (4 years, 361 days)
Twelfth Assembly (2006–11) (2006 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(10)
Oommen Chandy MLA for Puthuppally Second Oommen Chandy ministry
-
18 May 2011 – 20 May 2016 (5 years, 2 days; total 6 years, 256 days)
Thirteenth Assembly (2011–16) (2011 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
12
Pinarayi Vijayan MLA for Dharmadam Pinarayi Vijayan ministry
-
25 May 2016 – present (2 years, 340 days)
Fourteenth Assembly (2016–21) (2016 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-

Question: How many times did K. Karunakaran serve as the Chief Minister of Kerala, and what were the dates of each tenure?
Answer: K. Karunakaran served as the Chief Minister of Kerala four times: for a brief period from March 1977 to April 1977, another short term from December 1981 to March 1982, followed by a brief period of president's rule from May 1982 to March 1987, and from June to March 1995.
Evidence table:
No.
Name Constituency Ministry
Portrait
Term (tenure length)
Assembly (election)
Party (alliance)
Party (alliance)
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
1 November 1956 – 5 April 1957 (155 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
1
E. M. S. Namboodiripad MLA for Nileshwaram 1st EMS ministry
-
5 April 1957 – 31 July 1959 (2 years, 117 days)
First Assembly (1957–59) (1957 election)
Communist Party of India
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
31 July 1959 – 22 February 1960 (206 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
2
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai MLA for Trivandrum II Thanupillai ministry
-
22 February 1960 – 26 September 1962 (2 years, 216 days)
Second Assembly (1960–64) (1960 election)
Praja Socialist Party
-
3
R. Sankar MLA for Cannanore I Sankar ministry
-
26 September 1962 – 10 September 1964 (1 year, 350 days)
Second Assembly (1960–64) (1960 election)
Indian National Congress
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
10 September 1964 – 25 March 1965 (2 years, 177 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
25 March 1965 – 6 March 1967 (2 years, 177 days)
Dissolved (1965 election)
N/A
-
(1)
E. M. S. Namboodiripad MLA for Pattambi Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry
-
6 March 1967 – 1 November 1969 (2 years, 240 days; total 4 years, 357 days)
Third Assembly (1967–70) (1967 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Saptakakshi Munnani)
-
4
C. Achutha Menon MLA for Kottarakkara First C. Achutha Menon ministry
-
1 November 1969 – 1 August 1970 (273 days)
Third Assembly (1967–70) (1967 election)
Communist Party of India
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
4 August – 3 October 1970 (60 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
(4)
C. Achutha Menon MLA for Kodakara Second C. Achutha Menon ministry
-
4 October 1970 – 25 March 1977 (6 years, 172 days; total 7 years, 80 days)
Fourth Assembly (1970–77) (1970 election)
Communist Party of India (United Front)
-
5
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala First K. Karunakaran ministry
-
25 March – 25 April 1977 (31 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian National Congress (United Front)
-
6
A. K. Antony MLA for Kazhakkuttom First A. K. Antony ministry
-
27 April 1977 – 27 October 1978 (1 year, 183 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian National Congress (United Front)
-
7
P. K. Vasudevan Nair MLA for Alleppey P. K. Vasudevan Nair ministry
-
29 October 1978 – 7 October 1979 (343 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Communist Party of India (United Front)
-
8
C. H. Mohammed Koya MLA for Malappuram C. H. Mohammed Koya ministry
-
12 October – 1 December 1979 (50 days)
Fifth Assembly (1977–79) (1977 election)
Indian Union Muslim League (United Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
5 December 1979 – 25 January 1980 (51 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
9
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Malampuzha First E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
25 January 1980 – 20 October 1981 (1 year, 268 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
21 October – 28 December 1981 (68 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
N/A
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Second K. Karunakaran ministry
-
28 December 1981 – 17 March 1982 (79 days)
Sixth Assembly (1980–82) (1980 election)
Indian National Congress (I) (United Democratic Front)
-
–
Vacant (President's rule)
-
17 March – 23 May 1982 (67 days; total 4 years, 54 days)
Dissolved
N/A
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Third K. Karunakaran ministry
-
24 May 1982 – 25 March 1987 (4 years, 305 days)
Seventh Assembly (1982–87) (1982 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(9)
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Trikaripur Second E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
26 March 1987 – 17 June 1991 (4 years, 83 days)
Eighth Assembly (1987–91) (1987 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(5)
K. Karunakaran MLA for Mala Fourth K. Karunakaran ministry
-
24 June 1991 – 16 March 1995 (3 years, 265 days; total 8 years, 315 days)
Ninth Assembly (1991–95) (1991 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(6)
A. K. Antony MLA for Thirurangadi Second A. K. Antony ministry
-
22 March 1995 – 9 May 1996 (1 year, 48 days)
Ninth Assembly (1991–95) (1991 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
(9)
E. K. Nayanar MLA for Thalassery Third E. K. Nayanar ministry
Ek nayanar.jpeg
20 May 1996 – 13 May 2001 (5 years, 24 days; total 11 years, 10 days)
Tenth Assembly (1996–2001) (1996 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(6)
A. K. Antony MLA for Cherthala Third A. K. Antony ministry
-
17 May 2001 – 29 August 2004 (3 years, 75 days; total 5 years, 306 days)
Eleventh Assembly (2001–06) (2001 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
10
Oommen Chandy MLA for Puthuppally First Oommen Chandy ministry
-
31 August 2004 – 12 May 2006 (1 year, 254 days)
Eleventh Assembly (2001–06) (2001 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
11
V. S. Achuthanandan MLA for Malampuzha V. S. Achuthanandan ministry
V. S. Achuthanandan.JPG
18 May 2006 – 14 May 2011 (4 years, 361 days)
Twelfth Assembly (2006–11) (2006 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-
(10)
Oommen Chandy MLA for Puthuppally Second Oommen Chandy ministry
-
18 May 2011 – 20 May 2016 (5 years, 2 days; total 6 years, 256 days)
Thirteenth Assembly (2011–16) (2011 election)
Indian National Congress (United Democratic Front)
-
12
Pinarayi Vijayan MLA for Dharmadam Pinarayi Vijayan ministry
-
25 May 2016 – present (2 years, 340 days)
Fourteenth Assembly (2016–21) (2016 election)
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (Left Democratic Front)
-