user: What is underwriting?

assistant: Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter.

The term "underwriting" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose.

user: What are all of the professional football teams in the state of California?

assistant: The professional football teams in the state of California are the Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers, and San Francisco 49ers.

user: Who was the first actor to play the Joker on the Batman television series?

assistant: César Julio Romero Jr. played was the first actor to play the Joker.