user: What is a 'Public' School in the UK?

assistant: Public School is a term used for an independent fee-paying school in the UK.  This is because when the schools were initially set-up, they were for the use of fee-paying parents who would share a teacher as a replacement for a dedicated at-home tutor for their children

user: Given this paragraph about the origin of zero, in which century did it first make an appearance in India?

assistant: In the 3rd/2nd century BC, by Pingala, for the first time in India, as "Sunya" in Sanskrit.

user: Please describe the broad classes of Reinforcement Learning (RL) within Machine Learning and what problems they attempt to address.

assistant: Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning that works in a problem space or environment where the agent or Reinforcement Learning algorithm, uses an understanding of the past test results and the potential paths through the environment to calculate a policy that solves for the goal of a maximized reward.

Given the variety of environments that RL can operate in, there are a range of approaches that the agent can take and are broadly categarized as six different approaches:
1. Associated RL - which combines traditional approaches of Machine Learning classification with the automated learning on random, or stochastically distributed results.
2. Deep RL - which leverages traditional deep neural networks but allows for flexibility and a lack of pre-defined layers and the state space.
3. Adversarial Deep RL - where end results are compared using vulnerabilities in state stored in Deep Neural Networks and attempts to find weaknesses in these models.
4. Fuzzy RL - which leverages a near natural language definition of if-then fuzzy rules which determine the calculation of the value of a result.
5. Inverse RL - which removes the common reward function evaluation part of the model and instead injects a human to observe and evalutate the results.
6. Safe RL - is an approach to defining policies that also takes into account the behavior of the agent in the envionment, such that those agent steps are reasonaable or respect safety constraints.