qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Samurai
Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants as well), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof. Confucian law, which helped define personal relationships and the code of ethics of the warrior class, required that a woman show subservience to her husband, filial piety to her parents, and care to the children. Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters. Thus, a woman was also to exercise discipline.

Question: Who was a woman supposed to be subservient to?
Answer: her husband
A Hard Act to Follow
A Hard Act to Follow is an extended play by American country music singer Keith Whitley. It was released in October 1984 via RCA Records. The album includes the singles "Turn Me to Love" and "A Hard Act to Follow" and which respectively reached numbers 59 and 76 on the U.S. country singles charts. Al Campbell of Allmusic gave the album two stars out of five, saying that it did not "match up with the tremendous success" of his later albums for RCA.
Keith Whitley
Jackie Keith Whitley (July 1, 1954 – May 9, 1989) was an American country music singer. During his career, Whitley only recorded two albums but charted 12 singles on the "Billboard" country charts, and 7 more after his death.

Question: What was the category of music of the singer who died in 1989 and had a single named "Turn Me to Love"?
Answer: American country music
Religion in ancient Rome
Roman calendars show roughly forty annual religious festivals. Some lasted several days, others a single day or less: sacred days ("dies fasti") outnumbered "non-sacred" days ("dies nefasti"). A comparison of surviving Roman religious calendars suggests that official festivals were organized according to broad seasonal groups that allowed for different local traditions. Some of the most ancient and popular festivals incorporated "ludi" ("games", such as chariot races and theatrical performances), with examples including those held at Palestrina in honour of Fortuna Primigenia during Compitalia, and the Ludi Romani in honour of Liber. Other festivals may have required only the presence and rites of their priests and acolytes, or particular groups, such as women at the Bona Dea rites.

Question:  What type of day were there more of in Rome?
Answer: sacred days
Yale University
Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.

Question: Which groups of researchers provided unorthodox structure for a research group?
Answer: Pickford's and Hutchinson's
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France, he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole.

Question: What language was Chopin never completely at ease speaking?
Answer: French
The Boys from Doraville
The Boys from Doraville is the ninth album by the Southern rock band Atlanta Rhythm Section, and their final album on Polydor Records, released in 1980.
Atlanta Rhythm Section
Atlanta Rhythm Section (or ARS) is an American Southern rock band, formed in 1971 by Rodney Justo (singer), Barry Bailey (guitar), Paul Goddard (bass), Dean Daughtry (keyboards), Robert Nix (drums) and James B. Cobb, Jr. (guitar). The band's current lineup consists of Daughtry and Justo, along with guitarists David Anderson and Steve Stone, bassist Justin Senker and drummer Rodger Stephan.

Question: The Boys from Doraville is an album by a band formed in what year?
Answer: 1971
PATH (rail system)
Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) is a 13.8 mi rapid transit system in the northeastern New Jersey cities of Newark, Harrison, Jersey City, and Hoboken, and Lower and Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run around the clock year round; four routes serving 13 stations operate during the daytime on weekdays, while two routes operate during weekends, late nights, and holidays. Its tracks cross the Hudson River through century-old cast iron tubes that rest on the river bottom under a thin layer of silt. It operates as a deep-level subway in Manhattan and the Jersey City/Hoboken riverfront; from Grove Street in Jersey City to Newark, trains run in open cuts, at grade level, and on elevated track.
PATH (rail system)
The routes of the PATH system were originally operated by the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M), built to link New Jersey's Hudson Waterfront with New York City. The system began operations in 1908 and was fully built out in 1911. Three stations have since closed; two others were re-located after a re-alignment of the western terminus. From the 1920s, the rise of automobile travel and the concurrent construction of bridges and tunnels across the river sent the H&M into a financial decline from which it never recovered, and it was forced into bankruptcy in 1954. As part of the deal that cleared the way for the construction of the original World Trade Center, the Port Authority bought the H&M out of receivership in 1962 and renamed it PATH. In the 2000s and 2010s the system suffered considerably from disasters that affected the region, most notably the September 11 attacks and Hurricane Sandy. Both private and public stakeholders have proposed expanding PATH service in New Jersey, and construction on an extension to Newark Liberty International Airport is projected to start in 2020.
23rd Street station (PATH)
23rd Street is a station on the PATH system. Located at the intersection of 23rd Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, it is served by the Hoboken–33rd Street and Journal Square–33rd Street lines on weekdays, and by the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) line on weekends.

Question: What has a station on 23rd Street and Sixth Avenue in Chelsea and is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey?
Answer: PATH
Claudie Haigneré
Claudie (André-Deshays) Haigneré (born 13 May 1957) is a French doctor, politician, and former astronaut with the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (1985–1999) and the European Space Agency (1999–2002).
Helen Sharman
Helen Patricia Sharman, CMG, OBE, HonFRSC (born 30 May 1963) is a chemist who became the first British astronaut (and in particular, the first British cosmonaut) as well as the first woman to visit the "Mir" space station in May 1991.

Question: Which scientist is from Britain, Claudie Haigneré or Helen Sharman?
Answer: Helen Patricia Sharman
Adolescence
Risk-taking may also have reproductive advantages: adolescents have a newfound priority in sexual attraction and dating, and risk-taking is required to impress potential mates. Research also indicates that baseline sensation seeking may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan. Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk.

Question: A priority in sexual attraction and dating can prove helpful in order to complete what reproductive advantage?
Answer: impress potential mates
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Wisconsin v. Jonas Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972), is the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state's interest in educating their children. The case is often cited as a basis for parents' right to educate their children outside of traditional private or public schools.
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court involving a young adult incompetent. The first "right to die" case ever heard by the Court, "Cruzan" was argued on December 6, 1989 and decided on June 25, 1990. In a 5–4 decision, the Court affirmed the earlier ruling of the Supreme Court of Missouri and ruled in favor of the State of Missouri, finding it was acceptable to require "clear and convincing evidence" of a patient's wishes for removal of life support. A significant outcome of the case was the creation of advance health directives.

Question: Were the Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health and Wisconsin v. Yoder cases both ruled in favor of the state?
Answer: no
Phonograph record
The newly invented Western Electric moving coil or dynamic microphone was part of the Wide Range System. It had a flatter audio response than the old style Wente condenser type and didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing. Signals fed to the cutting head were pre-emphasized in the treble region to help override noise in playback. Groove cuts in the vertical plane were employed rather than the usual lateral cuts. The chief advantage claimed was more grooves per inch that could be crowded together, resulting in longer playback time. Additionally, the problem of inner groove distortion, which plagued lateral cuts, could be avoided with the vertical cut system. Wax masters were made by flowing heated wax over a hot metal disc thus avoiding the microscopic irregularities of cast blocks of wax and the necessity of planing and polishing.

Question: How was sound improved using the moving coil microphone?
Answer: override noise in playback
Phonograph record
Due to recording mastering and manufacturing limitations, both high and low frequencies were removed from the first recorded signals by various formulae. With low frequencies, the stylus must swing a long way from side to side, requiring the groove to be wide, taking up more space and limiting the playing time of the record. At high frequencies, hiss, pops, and ticks are significant. These problems can be reduced by using equalization to an agreed standard. During recording the amplitude of low frequencies is reduced, thus reducing the groove width required, and the amplitude at high frequencies is increased. The playback equipment boosts bass and cuts treble so as to restore the tonal balance in the original signal; this also reduces the high frequency noise. Thus more music will fit on the record, and noise is reduced.

Question: What is a limitation of low frequency recordings?
Answer: limiting the playing time
Kathmandu
The fire service, known as the "Barun Yantra Karyalaya" ( ), opened its first station in Kathmandu in 1937 with a single vehicle. An iron tower was erected to monitor the city and watch for a fire. As a precautionary measure, firemen were sent to the areas which were designated as accident-prone areas. In 1944, the fire service was extended to the neighbouring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. In 1966, a fire service was established in Kathmandu airport. In 1975, a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu's fire service. The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization, the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal (FAN), which was established in 2000 with the purpose of raising public awareness about fire and improving safety.

Question: How many fire trucks did West Germany donate to Kathmandu?
Answer: seven
Aspirated consonant
Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩ , a superscript equals sign: ⟨t˭⟩ . Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩ .

Question: How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?
Answer: ⟨t⟩
Dutch language
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology because it normally occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if it is not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as "phonetically" longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, some of which may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature. Although all older words pair vowel length with a change in vowel quality, new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length. Compare "zonne(n)" [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus "zone" [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus "zonen" [ˈzoːnə(n)] ("sons"), or "kroes" [krus] ("mug") versus "cruise" [kruːs] ("cruise").

Question: Since vowel quality changes might be very slight between dialects, what's the main vowel feature used to differentiate them?
Answer: length
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. That also provided a refuelling and maintenance location and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders though only the commerce raider used the route before the German invasion, which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.

Question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades?
Answer: a submarine base
Utrecht University
Utrecht University (UU; , formerly "Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht") is a public research university in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Established 26  1636 ( ) (1636--) , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2018, it had an enrolment of 31,801 students, and employed 7,191 faculty and staff. In 2018, 525 PhD degrees were awarded and 6,948 scientific articles were published. The 2018 budget of the university was €857 million.
Josine Blok
Josine Henriëtte Blok (born 9 June 1953) is a Dutch classical scholar. She has been a professor of Ancient History and Classical Civilisation at Utrecht University since 2001.

Question:  Josine Blok has been a professor of Ancient History and Classical Civilisation at what university that is also one of the oldest in the Netherlands
Answer: Utrecht University
Egypt
Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.

Question: Due to low waer tariffs, what is required to maintain water treatment operation?
Answer: government subsidies
Empiricism
In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."

Question: When did da Vinci die?
Answer: 1519
Marika Green
Marika Nicolette Green (born 21 June 1943) is a Swedish-French actress.
Marika Green
Green was born in Södermalm, Stockholm, Stockholm County, the daughter of a French mother, Jeanne Green-Le Flem, and Lennart Green, a Swedish journalist. Her paternal grandmother was the photographer Mia Green and her maternal grandfather was French composer and music critic Paul Le Flem. She left Sweden for France in 1953. She played the lead female role in Robert Bresson's "Pickpocket" at the age of 16.
Emmanuelle (film)
Emmanuelle is a 1974 French drama film directed by Just Jaeckin. It is the first installment in a series of French softcore pornography films based on the novel "Emmanuelle". The film stars Sylvia Kristel in the title role about a woman who takes a trip to Bangkok to enhance her sexual experience. The film was former photographer Just Jaeckin's debut feature film and was shot on location in Thailand and in France between 1973 and 1974.

Question: Who directed the softcore pornography Marika Green was in?
Answer: Just Jaeckin
Axeltorv
Axeltorv is a public square in central Copenhagen, Denmark, located across the street from Tivoli Gardens' main entrance on Vesterbrogade.
Tivoli (Copenhagen)
Tivoli, also known as Tivoli Gardens, is an amusement park and pleasure garden in Copenhagen, Denmark. The park opened on 15 August 1843 and is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the world, after Dyrehavsbakken in nearby Klampenborg, also in Denmark.

Question: What year did the famous amusement park across the street from Axeltory open?
Answer: 1843
Andy Samberg
David A. J. "Andy" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician. He is a member of the comedy music group The Lonely Island and was a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" (2005–2012), where he and his fellow group members have been credited with popularizing the "SNL" Digital Shorts.
Take the 10
Take the 10 is a 2017 American black comedy film written and directed by Chester Tam and starring Josh Peck, Tony Revolori, Emily Chang, Cleopatra Coleman, Kevin Corrigan and Andy Samberg. The film was released on Netflix on January 20, 2017.

Question: What comedy film did American actor Andy Samberg star in that was released on Netflix on January 20, 2017?
Answer: Take the 10
Peter Berg
Peter Berg (born March 11, 1964) is an American director, producer, writer, and actor. His directorial film works include the black comedy "Very Bad Things" (1998), the action comedy "The Rundown" (2003), the sports drama "Friday Night Lights" (2004), the action thriller "The Kingdom" (2007), the superhero comedy-drama "Hancock" (2008), the military science fiction war film "Battleship" (2012), the war film "Lone Survivor" (2013), the disaster drama "Deepwater Horizon" (2016), the Boston Marathon bombing drama "Patriots Day" (2016) and the action thriller "Mile 22" (2018), the latter four all starring Mark Wahlberg. In addition to cameo appearances in the last six of these titles, he has had prominent acting roles in films including "The Great White Hype" (1996), "Cop Land" (1997), "Corky Romano" (2001), "Collateral" (2004), "Smokin' Aces" (2006), and "Lions for Lambs" (2007).
Very Bad Things
Very Bad Things is a 1998 American black comedy film written and directed by Peter Berg in his directorial debut and starring Cameron Diaz, Jon Favreau, Daniel Stern, Jeremy Piven, Christian Slater, Leland Orser, Kobe Tai and Jeanne Tripplehorn.

Question: Peter Berg's directorial works include which black comedy starring Cameron Diaz?
Answer: Very Bad Things
Hunting
A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.

Question: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
Answer: tented camps
Elisabeth Gürtler
Elisabeth Gürtler-Mauthner (born 7 May 1950) is an Austrian businesswoman. She is managing director of the Hotel Sacher, Vienna's most famous hotel.
Hotel Sacher
The Hotel Sacher is a five-star hotel located in the Innere Stadt first district of Vienna, Austria, facing the Vienna State Opera. It is famous for the specialty of the house, the Sachertorte, a chocolate cake with apricot filling. There is also an art gallery in the hotel with works from the 19th century. The hotel is built near the former residence of Antonio Vivaldi.

Question:  Elisabeth Gürtler is the managing director of what Austrian hotel, featuring an art gallery?
Answer: The Hotel Sacher
Alexander Graham Bell
In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce". Antonio Meucci sent a telephone model and technical details to the Western Union telegraph company but failed to win a meeting with executives. When he asked for his materials to be returned, in 1874, he was told they had been lost. Two years later Bell, who shared a laboratory with Meucci, filed a patent for a telephone, became a celebrity and made a lucrative deal with Western Union. Meucci sued and was nearing victory—the supreme court agreed to hear the case and fraud charges were initiated against Bell—when the Florentine died in 1889. The legal action died with him. Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines. When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok.

Question: What was the primary motivation for not building new telegraph lines?
Answer: cost
Samurai
A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for personal reasons, even if he simply did not like his wife, but this was generally avoided as it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage. A woman could also arrange a divorce, although it would generally take the form of the samurai divorcing her. After a divorce, samurai had to return the betrothal money, which often prevented divorces.

Question: Why did samurai avoid divorcing for reasons of dislike?
Answer: it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage
Phonograph record
A different format, Compatible Discrete 4 (CD-4; not to be confused with Compact Disc), was introduced by RCA. This system encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier. The system required a compatible cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was less successful than matrix formats. (A further problem was that no cutting heads were available that could handle the high frequency information. This was remedied by cutting at half the speed. Later, the special half-speed cutting heads and equalization techniques were employed to get wider frequency response in stereo with reduced distortion and greater headroom.)

Question: What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format?
Answer: reduced distortion and greater headroom
Pam Veasey
Pamela Renea Veasey (born May 25, 1962) is an American television writer, producer and director.
Peter Jackson
Sir Peter Robert Jackson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 31 October 1961) is a New Zealand film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known as the director, writer, and producer of the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy (2001–03) and the "Hobbit" trilogy (2012–14), both of which are adapted from the novels of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien. He is the third-highest-grossing film director of all-time, his films having made over $6.5 billion worldwide.
Peter Jackson
Jackson began his career with the "splatstick" horror comedy "Bad Taste" (1987) and the black comedy "Meet the Feebles" (1989) before filming the zombie comedy "Braindead" (1992). He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for "Heavenly Creatures", which brought him to mainstream prominence in the film industry. Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards for "" (2003), including the award for Best Director. His other awards include a Golden Globe, four Saturn Awards and three BAFTAs among others.

Question: Peter Jackson and Pam Veasey, have which mutual occupations?
Answer: writer, producer and director
2014–15 Reading F.C. season
The 2014–15 season is Reading Football Club's second season in the Championship following the sides's relegation from the Premier League at the end of the 2012–13 season. The season began with Nigel Adkins as manager; he was replaced by Steve Clarke in December.
2014–15 Reading F.C. season
On 6 May, Reading announced that five players would be leaving upon the expiry of their contracts. Those departing were Stuart Taylor, Kaspars Gorkšs, Wayne Bridge, Mikele Leigertwood and club captain Jobi McAnuff. Youngsters Lawson D'Ath, Nick Arnold, Gozie Ugwu, Matt Partridge and Shepherd Murombedzi were also released whilst contract talks were taking place with Michael Hector, Jake Taylor and 18 other youth players. On 30 May youngsters Michael Hector and Jake Taylor signed new two-year contracts with the option of a third.
Nigel Adkins
Nigel Howard Adkins (born 11 March 1965) is an English professional football manager and former player and physiotherapist who was most recently the manager of Championship club Hull City.
Nigel Adkins
Adkins played as a goalkeeper for Tranmere Rovers and Wigan Athletic. He finished his playing career and began his managerial career at Welsh club Bangor City before spells at Scunthorpe United and Southampton, where he led both clubs to promotion. His tenure with the latter was noted for taking "the Saints" from League One to the Premier League in successive seasons.

Question: The manager of Reading Football Club replaced by Steve Clarke in the 2014-15 season was born in what year?
Answer: 1965
Roberto Durán
Roberto Durán Samaniego (born June 16, 1951) is a Panamanian former professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 2001. He held world championships in four weight classes: lightweight, welterweight, light middleweight and middleweight, as well as reigns as the undisputed and lineal lightweight champion, and the lineal welterweight champion. He is also the second boxer to have competed over a span of five decades, the first being Jack Johnson. Durán was known as a versatile, technical brawler and pressure fighter, which earned him the nickname of ""Mano de Piedra"" ("Hand of Stone") for his formidable punching power and excellent defense.
Roberto Durán
In 2002, Durán was voted by "The Ring" magazine as the fifth greatest fighter of the last 80 years, while boxing historian Bert Sugar rated him as the eighth greatest fighter of all time. The Associated Press voted him as the best lightweight of the 20th century, with many considering him the greatest lightweight of all time. Durán retired for good in January 2002 at age 50, following a car crash in Argentina in October 2001, after which he had required life saving surgery. He had previously retired in November 1980, June 1984 and August 1998, only to change his mind. Durán ended his career with a professional record of 119 fights, 103 wins, and 70 knockouts. From May 1971 up until his second fight against Sugar Ray Leonard in November 1980, as well as in his fight against Wilfred Benítez in January 1982, Durán was trained by legendary boxing trainer Ray Arcel.
Johnny LoBianco
Giovanni "Johnny" LoBianco (October 7, 1915 – July 16, 2001) was an American boxing referee for over 30 years, who was referee for a number of championship fights, including several that ended controversially, most notably Roberto Durán's successful 1972 dethroning of Ken Buchanan in which LoBianco ruled Durán the victor by knockout despite having appeared to have hit Buchanan with a low blow.

Question: What nationality was the boxer who defeated Len Buchanan in 1972 ?
Answer: Panamanian
Paris
Paris hosts one of the largest science museums in Europe, the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie at La Villette. It attracted 2.2 million visitors in 2018. The National Museum of Natural History located near the "Jardin des plantes" attracted two million visitors in 2018. It is famous for its dinosaur artefacts, mineral collections and its Gallery of Evolution. The military history of France, from the Middle Ages to World War II, is vividly presented by displays at the Musée de l'Armée at Les Invalides, near the tomb of Napoleon. In addition to the national museums, run by the Ministry of Culture, the City of Paris operates 14 museums, including the Carnavalet Museum on the history of Paris, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Palais de Tokyo, the House of Victor Hugo, the House of Balzac and the Catacombs of Paris. There are also notable private museums; The Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation, designed by architect Frank Gehry, opened in October 2014 in the Bois de Boulogne. It received 1.1 million visitors in 2018.

Question: When did THe Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation open?
Answer: October 2014
Lake George, New York
Lake George is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. The population was 3,578 at the 2000 census. The town is named after the lake, Lake George. Within the town is a village also named Lake George. The town is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Henry Augustus Loop
Henry Augustus Loop (1831–1895) was an American painter. A native of Hillsdale, New York who was educated in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, he studied with Henry Peters Gray in New York and Thomas Couture in Paris. He became an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1859, and was elevated to full membership two years later. Among his pupils was Jeanette Shepperd Harrison, who became his wife in 1864; their daughter Edith also became a painter. He died in Lake George, New York.

Question: What town in Warren County, New York did painter Henry Augustus Loop die?
Answer: Lake George, New York
Queen (band)
At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company). Brian May's website also stated that Rodgers would be "featured with" Queen as "Queen + Paul Rodgers", not replacing Mercury. Deacon, who was retired, did not participate. In November 2004, Queen were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and the award ceremony was the first event at which Rodgers joined May and Taylor as vocalist.

Question: Paul Rodgers joined Queen in what year?
Answer: 2005
Alloy
As a noun, the term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. When used as a verb, the term refers to the act of mixing a metal with other elements. The primary metal is called the "base", the "matrix", or the "solvent". The secondary constituents are often called "solutes". If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms (not counting impurities) such as a copper-nickel alloy, then it is called a "binary alloy." If there are three types of atoms forming the mixture, such as iron, nickel and chromium, then it is called a "ternary alloy." An alloy with four constituents is a "quaternary alloy," while a five-part alloy is termed a "quinary alloy." Because the percentage of each constituent can be varied, with any mixture the entire range of possible variations is called a "system". In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a "binary system," while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a "ternary system".

Question: The matrix and the solvent are other names for what?
Answer: The primary metal
Jerome Robbins
Jerome Robbins (October 11, 1918 – July 29, 1998) was an American choreographer, director, dancer, and theater producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television. Among his numerous stage productions were "On the Town", "Peter Pan", "High Button Shoes", "The King and I", "The Pajama Game", "Bells Are Ringing", "West Side Story", "Gypsy", and "Fiddler on the Roof". Robbins was a five-time Tony Award-winner and a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors. He received two Academy Awards, including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for "West Side Story".
Jerome Robbins
A documentary about Robbins‘ life and work, "Something to Dance About", featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year.
Michael Curtiz
Michael Curtiz ( ; born Manó Kaminer; December 24, 1886 April 11, 1962) was a Hungarian-born American film director, recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history. He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood's Golden Age, when the studio system was prevalent.

Question: Which of the following received two Academy Awards: Jerome Robbins or Michael Curtiz?
Answer: Jerome Robbins
Germans
People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

Question: How many German Americans are there?
Answer: 50 million
Alan Menken
Alan Irwin Menken (born July 22, 1949) is an American composer, songwriter, music conductor, director and record producer. Menken is best known for his scores and songs for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. His scores and songs for "The Little Mermaid" (1989), "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), "Aladdin" (1992), and "Pocahontas" (1995) have each won him two Academy Awards. He also composed the scores and songs for "Little Shop of Horrors" (1986), "Newsies" (1992), "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (1996), "Hercules" (1997), "Home on the Range" (2004), "Enchanted" (2007), "Tangled" (2010), among others.
Alan Menken
He is also known for his work in musical theater for Broadway and elsewhere. Some of these are based on his Disney films, but other stage hits include "Little Shop of Horrors" (1982), "A Christmas Carol" (1994), and "Sister Act" (2009).
The Little Mermaid Jr.
The Little Mermaid Jr. is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. Its underwater setting and story about aquatic characters requires unusual technical designs and strategies to create gliding movements for the actors. "The Little Mermaid Jr." first became available to license by the company Music Theater International and Disney Theatrical Productions

Question: Which person who contributed to the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen is an American musical theatre and film score composer and pianist?
Answer: Alan Irwin Menken
Appalachian Regional Development Act
The Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 established the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC), which was tasked with overseeing economic development programs in the Appalachia region, as well as the construction of the Appalachian Development Highway System. Membership included representatives from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, as well as one federal appointee. This Act is one of the longest serving place-based regional development programs in the United States, and is the largest in terms of geographic scope. 
Appalachian Regional Commission
The Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) is a United States federal-state partnership that works with the people of Appalachia to create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and improved quality of life. Congress established A.R.C. to bring the region into socioeconomic parity with the rest of the nation.

Question: What part of the United States government is responsible for The Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965?
Answer: Congress
Madonna
In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary "I'm Going to Tell You a Secret". In November 2004, she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members, along with the Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley, and U2. "Rolling Stone" ranked her at number 36 on its special issue of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, featuring an article about her written by Britney Spears. In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song "Imagine" at Tsunami Aid. She also performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London in July 2005.

Question: What was Madonna's documentary called?
Answer: I'm Going to Tell You a Secret
2017 GP3 Series
The 2017 GP3 Series was the eighth season of the third-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also eighth season under the moniker of GP3 Series, a motor racing feeder series that runs in support of the 2017 FIA Formula One World Championship and sister series Formula 2.
Ryan Tveter
Ryan Tveter (born May 20, 1994) is an American racing driver from Oyster Bay, New York, who raced for Trident in the 2019 FIA Formula 2 Championship.

Question: Ryan Teeter is currently racing in the 2017 GP3 Series, which is a motor racing feeder series that runs in support of which FIA championship?
Answer: Formula One World Championship
Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia
Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia (6 May 1903 – 7 November 1938), was the youngest son of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Mavrikiyevna.
Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia
Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia (Russian: , ] ( ) ; 22 August 1858 – 15 June 1915) was a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, and a poet and playwright of some renown. He wrote under the pen name "K.R.", initials of his given name and family name, Konstantin Romanov.

Question: What was the pen name of the husband of Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Mavrikiyevna ?
Answer: "K.R."
Christer Fuglesang
Arne Christer Fuglesang (born March 18, 1957 in Stockholm) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut. He was first launched aboard the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission on December 10, 2006, at 01:47 GMT, making him the first Swedish citizen in space.
Ulrich Walter
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hans Walter (born February 9, 1954) is a German physicist/engineer and a former DFVLR astronaut.

Question: Who was born first, Ulrich Walter or Christer Fuglesang?
Answer: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hans Walter
Liberia
In 1822 the American Colonization Society began sending black volunteers to the Pepper Coast, the closest point of Africa and therefore the least expensive to reach, to establish a colony for freed blacks. Although mortality from tropical diseases was horrendous — of the 4,571 emigrants who arrived in Liberia between 1820 and 1843, only 1,819 were alive in 1843 — by 1867 the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 blacks to Liberia. These free African-Americans and their descendants married within their community and came to identify as Americo-Liberians. Many were of mixed race and educated in American culture; they did not identify with the indigenous natives of the tribes they encountered. They intermarried largely within the colonial community, developing an ethnic group that had a cultural tradition infused with American notions of political republicanism and Protestant Christianity.

Question: By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia?
Answer: 13,000
Crucifixion of Jesus
In crucifixion takes place at the third hour (9 a.m.) and Jesus' death at the ninth hour (3 p.m.). However, in Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour. Scholars have presented a number of arguments to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John, since Roman timekeeping began at midnight and this would mean being before Pilate at the 6th hour was 6 a.m., yet others have rejected the arguments. Several scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period.

Question: What time did Jesus die per Mark?
Answer: 3 p.m.
Sahara
European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from French Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Morocco (1912), Niger, and Tunisia (1881). By the beginning of the 20th century, the trans-Saharan trade had clearly declined because goods were moved through more modern and efficient means, such as airplanes, rather than across the desert.

Question: During what time were good moved through more modern   means?
Answer: 20th century
The World Without US
The World Without US is a 2008 documentary film created by Mitch Anderson and Jason J. Tomaric. Released in 2008, the documentary explores what might happen if the United States were to leave the international arena, rescind its global reach and become an isolationist nation for the first time since the early 20th century.
The Thorn in the Heart
The Thorn in the Heart ( ) is a 2009 French documentary film directed by Michel Gondry. It was given a special screening at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and was also screened at the Sheffield Doc/Fest.

Question: Which documentary was screened at Cannes, The World Without US or The Thorn in the Heart?
Answer: The Thorn in the Heart
Separation of church and state in the United States
In what will be the case is Town of Greece v. Galloway, 12-696, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case regarding whether prayers at town meetings, which are allowed, must allow various faiths to lead prayer, or whether the prayers can be predominately Christian. On May 5, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of the Town of Greece by holding that the U.S. Constitution not only allows for prayer at government meetings, but also for sectarian prayers like predominately Christian prayers.

Question: What did the Supreme Court rule the Constitution allowed for?
Answer: sectarian prayers
Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport
Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport ( ) , formerly Williams Gateway Airport (1994–2008) and Williams Air Force Base (1948–1993), is an international airport in the southeastern area of Mesa, Arizona, 20 mi southeast of Phoenix, in Maricopa County. The airport, owned and operated by the Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport Authority, is a reliever airport for Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. It is a base for Allegiant Air. The airport authority is governed by a six-member board: the mayors of the towns of Gilbert and Queen Creek, the mayors of the cities of Mesa, Phoenix and Apache Junction, as well as the tribal governor of the Gila River Indian Community.
Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport
The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011 called Phoenix–Mesa Gateway a reliever airport, which is a general aviation airport used to relieve congestion at a large airline airport. Allegiant Air began scheduled service from Mesa in October 2007. Phoenix Mesa Gateway Airport records say the airport had 1,338,216 passenger boardings in calendar year 2017. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport has different codes for each. The aviation community generally uses the FAA code of IWA, while commercial passenger flight organizations use the IATA code of AZA.
José Aponte de la Torre Airport
José Aponte de la Torre Airport ( ) is a public use airport owned by Puerto Rico Ports Authority and located 2.3 mi from Ceiba, a coastal town in Puerto Rico. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport. The airport also offers scheduled passenger service via three commercial airlines to the islands of Vieques and Culebra, Puerto Rico.

Question: Worker: Worker: Which airport is closer to their nearest city, Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport or José Aponte de la Torre Airport?
Answer: José Aponte
Empiricism
During the Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century CE) Aristotle's theory of "tabula rasa" was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi (c. 872 – 951 CE), developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna (c. 980 – 1037) and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the "tabula rasa" is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect ("al-'aql al-hayulani"), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect ("al-'aql al-fa'il"), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur.

Question: What is crucial for understanding?
Answer: the immaterial "active intellect"