qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist. Sometimes called "the father of modern linguistics", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He holds a joint appointment as Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Laureate Professor at the University of Arizona, and is the author of more than 100 books on topics such as linguistics, war, politics, and mass media. Ideologically, he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism.
Noam Chomsky
Born to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia, Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. During his postgraduate work in the Harvard Society of Fellows, Chomsky developed the theory of transformational grammar for which he earned his doctorate in 1955. That year he began teaching at MIT, and in 1957 emerged as a significant figure in linguistics with his landmark work "Syntactic Structures", which played a major role in remodeling the study of language. From 1958 to 1959 Chomsky was a National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study. He created or co-created the universal grammar theory, the generative grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, and the minimalist program. Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of linguistic behaviorism, and was particularly critical of the work of B. F. Skinner.
Manufacturing Consent
Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", by means of the propaganda model of communication. The title derives from the phrase "the manufacture of consent", employed in the book "Public Opinion" (1922) by Walter Lippmann (1889–1974). The "consent" referred to is consent of the governed.

Question: Which creator of "Manufacturing Consent" is sometimes described as "the father of modern linguistics"?
Answer: Noam Chomsky
Soyuz TMA-20
Soyuz TMA-20 was a human spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) and was part of the Soyuz programme. It lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on December 15, 2010, and docked with the ISS two days later. The three-person crew of Soyuz TMA-20 – Dmitri Kondratyev, Catherine Coleman and Paolo Nespoli – represented the ISS partner organizations of Roscosmos, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). Soyuz TMA-20's crew represented half of the members of Expedition 27; the other three members of the expedition arrived at the station on board Soyuz TMA-21 on April 6, 2011. The COSPAR ID of Soyuz TMA-20 was 2010-067A. It is ISS flight 25S.
Paolo Nespoli
Major Paolo Angelo Nespoli (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian astronaut and engineer of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 2007, he first traveled into space aboard the Space Shuttle "Discovery" as a mission specialist of STS-120. In December 2010 he again traveled into space aboard the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft as an Expedition 26/27 flight engineer. Nespoli's third spaceflight was on board Soyuz MS-05, which launched in July 2017 for Expedition 52/53. He was also the European Space Agency's oldest active astronaut prior to his retirement in 2019.

Question: What geography do both Paolo Nespoli and Soyuz TMA-20 have in common?
Answer: International Space Station
Bird
Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of the incubating birds. Incubation can be an energetically demanding process; adult albatrosses, for instance, lose as much as 83 g of body weight per day of incubation. The warmth for the incubation of the eggs of megapodes comes from the sun, decaying vegetation or volcanic sources. Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis).

Question: How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers?
Answer: 10 days
Canadian football
Canadian football is also played at the bantam, high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in U Sports football for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame located in Hamilton, Ontario.

Question: What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?
Answer: Vanier Cup
Canon law
The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes of civil law, such as the law in continental Europe and Latin American countries. Sampel explains that canon law has significant influence in contemporary society.

Question: What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church?
Answer: Europe
Trent Reznor
Michael Trent Reznor (born May 17, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and composer. He is the founder, lead vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, and principal songwriter of the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, which he founded in 1988 and of which he was the sole official member until 2016, when English musician and frequent collaborator Atticus Ross was added as a permanent member. His first release under the Nine Inch Nails name, the 1989 album "Pretty Hate Machine", was a commercial and critical success. He has since released 11 Nine Inch Nails studio albums. He left Interscope Records in 2007 and was an independent recording artist until signing with Columbia Records in 2012.
Natural Born Killers (soundtrack)
Natural Born Killers: A Soundtrack for an Oliver Stone Film is the soundtrack to the film "Natural Born Killers", produced by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails. Reznor reportedly produced the soundtrack using a portable Pro Tools in his hotel room while on his band’s Self Destruct Tour. On his approach to compiling the soundtrack, Reznor told MTV:

Question: The soundtrack from the film "Natural Born Killers" was produced by a man born in what year?
Answer: 1965
Muammar Gaddafi
International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. US President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuela's Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr". Former South African President Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed Mandela's African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle".

Question: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?
Answer: David Cameron
Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing ( ; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. Despite these accomplishments, he was never fully recognised in his home country during his lifetime due to the prevalence of homophobia at the time and because much of his work was covered by the Official Secrets Act.
Unorganized machine
An unorganized machine is a concept mentioned in a 1948 report in which Alan Turing suggested that the infant human cortex was what he called an "unorganised machine".

Question: In what field of Biology was the "unorganised machine" concept mentioned?
Answer: theoretical biologist
Canadian football
The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing. In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869. Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872. Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876. (Of those clubs, only the Toronto club is still in continuous operation today.)

Question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?
Answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
The Borrowers (1997 film)
The Borrowers is a 1997 British-American independent live-action fantasy comedy film loosely based on the 1952 children's novel "The Borrowers" by author Mary Norton and starring John Goodman, Jim Broadbent, Celia Imrie, Mark Williams, Hugh Laurie and Bradley Pierce. In 1998, it was nominated for Best British Film in the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards, but lost to Gary Oldman's film "Nil by Mouth".
Nil by Mouth (film)
Nil by Mouth is a 1997 drama film portraying a family of characters living in South East London. It was Gary Oldman's debut as a writer and director; the film was produced by Oldman, Douglas Urbanski and Luc Besson. It stars Ray Winstone as Raymond, the abusive husband of Valerie (Kathy Burke).
Nil by Mouth (film)
In a working class South London district lives Raymond; his wife, Valerie; her brother, Billy; Valerie and Billy's mother, Janet; and their grandmother, Kathy. Billy is a drug addict, and Raymond kicks him out when he steals drugs from him. Billy hangs out with his heroin addict friends and they shoot up together. The family is dysfunctional, mostly due to Raymond's fiery-temper and violent outbursts. When Valerie gets pregnant again, she continues to smoke and drink.

Question: Who produced the film in which "The Borrowers" lost to at the 1998 Best British Film at the BAFTA awards?
Answer: Douglas Urbanski and Luc Besson
Rochester International Airport
Rochester International Airport ( ) is a nonhub primary airport located seven miles (11 km) southwest of the central business district of Rochester, a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the second busiest airport in Minnesota. It used to be called "Rochester Municipal Airport", which was its name before adding customs and immigration facilities specifically for Mayo Clinic purposes in 1995.
Tri-State Airport
Tri-State Airport ( ) (Milton J. Ferguson Field) is a public airport in Wayne County, West Virginia, three miles south of Huntington, West Virginia, near Ceredo and Kenova. Owned by the Tri-State Airport Authority, it serves Huntington; Ashland, Kentucky; and Ironton, Ohio. It has heavy use for general aviation, and after the withdrawal of Delta Air Lines in June 2012, is down to two airlines, one of which provides nationwide connecting service.

Question: Both Tri-State Airport and Rochester International Airport are located in which country?
Answer: United States
Jane Arden (director)
Jane Arden (29 October 1927 – 20 December 1982) was a Welsh film director, actress, screenwriter, songwriter and poet. Her writings for stage and television also attracted attention in the 1950s.
Jon Russell Cring
Jon Russell Cring (born February 10, 1971) is a director of films and television.

Question: Who is older, Jon Russell Cring or Jane Arden?
Answer: Jane Arden
2003–04 VfL Wolfsburg season
VfL Wolfsburg started the season in brilliant fashion, taking an early Bundesliga lead, before slipping back in a nightmare run, which saw the team finish in the midfield, with a lower points haul than the previous seasons. Wolfsburg also dropped a bombshell when they signed Argentine starlet Andrés D'Alessandro of River Plate. D'Alessandro had been relatively disappointing season, but Fernando Baiano together with Diego Klimowicz made sure the attack functioned really well.
Andrés D'Alessandro
Andrés Nicolás D'Alessandro (born 15 April 1981) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Brazilian club Internacional.

Question: in the 2003-04 Wolfsburg signed a starlet from River Plate who plays in what position ?
Answer: attacking midfielder
VMAQT-1
Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron 1 (VMAQT-1) was a United States Marine Corps electronic warfare training squadron consisting of EA-6B Prowler jets. The squadron was based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW). The VMAQT-1 logo was the Banshee, an Irish mythological figure foretelling death. Its motto was “Tairngreacht Bas,” Gaelic for “Death Foretold.”
Banshee
A banshee ( ; Modern Irish , , from , ] , "woman of the fairy mound" or "fairy woman") is a female spirit in Irish folklore who heralds the death of a family member, usually by wailing, shrieking, or keening. Her name is connected to the mythologically important tumuli or "mounds" that dot the Irish countryside, which are known as síde (singular "síd") in Old Irish.

Question: What does the logo of VMAQT-1 mean in Old Irish?
Answer: woman of the fairy mound
Angelo Meli
Angelo Meli (February 10, 1897 – December 1969) was a Detroit, Michigan mobster who became a consigliere and then leading Chairman of the Detroit Partnership criminal organization of La Cosa Nostra.
Detroit Partnership
The Detroit Partnership, also known as the Detroit crime family, Detroit Combination, Detroit Mafia, or Zerilli crime family (] ) is an Italian-American Mafia crime family based in Detroit, Michigan.

Question: Angelo Meli was the leading chairman of an American Mafia crime family based where?
Answer: Detroit, Michigan
Age of Enlightenment
Jonathan Israel called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture. They shifted the attention of the "cultivated public" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation and instead promoted the "enlightened" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity. Being a source of knowledge derived from science and reason, they were an implicit critique of existing notions of universal truth monopolized by monarchies, parliaments and religious authorities. They also advanced Christian enlightenment that upheld "the legitimacy of God-ordained authority"—the Bible—in which there had to be agreement between the biblical and natural theories.

Question: To what did the journals shift attention of the cultivated public away from and towards novelty and innovation?
Answer: established authorities
Good for You (album)
Good for You is the debut studio album by American rapper Aminé. It was released on July 28, 2017, by CLBN and Republic Records. The album features guest appearances from Ty Dolla Sign, Nelly, Offset, Charlie Wilson and Kehlani.
Kehlani
Kehlani Ashley Parrish (born April 24, 1995) is an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Kehlani is originally from Oakland, California, where she achieved initial fame as a member of the teen group Poplyfe.
Kehlani
In 2014, she released her first commercial mixtape, "Cloud 19". The mixtape was listed as one of the "Complex"' s "50 Best Albums of 2014." Her second commercial mixtape, "You Should Be Here" (2015), debuted at number 5 on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart, preceded by her sold-out North American promotional tour. In 2016, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album for "You Should Be Here". Kehlani released her debut studio album, "SweetSexySavage", in January 2017. She released her second studio album "It Was Good Until It Wasn't" on May 8, 2020.

Question: When was the album by Anime that featured an appearance from the artist who made "You Should Be Here" released?
Answer: July 28, 2017
Videotelephony
The core technology used in a videotelephony system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP).

Question: What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?
Answer: IP
Jing Tian
Jing Tian (, born 21 July 1988) is a Chinese actress. She graduated from the Beijing Dance Academy and Beijing Film Academy. She is known for her roles in war epic "The Warring States" (2011) and the action films "Special ID" and "Police Story 2013" (both in 2013). She has had prominent roles in three Legendary Pictures films, "The Great Wall" (2016), "" (2017), and "" (2018).
Jing Tian
She is also known for her roles in the historical dramas "Legend of Ban Shu" (2015), "The Glory of Tang Dynasty" (2017) and road-trip suspense drama "Love Journey" (2018).
The Great Wall (film)
The Great Wall () is a 2016 action monster film directed by Zhang Yimou, with a screenplay by Carlo Bernard, Doug Miro and Tony Gilroy, from a story by Max Brooks, Edward Zwick and Marshall Herskovitz. It is an American-Chinese co-production starring Matt Damon, Jing Tian, Pedro Pascal, Willem Dafoe, and Andy Lau. "The Great Wall" is Zhang's first English-language film.

Question: Jing Tian, is a Chinese actress, she is part of the cast for three Legendary Pictures films, including a prominent role in "The Great Wall", released in which year, a monster film directed by Zhang Yimou and written by Tony Gilroy, Doug Miro and Carlo Bernard?
Answer: 2016
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
On the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavourably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain and a pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany. Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the Soviet Union was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's termination also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber but that Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Litvinov with Molotov on 3 May 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster German negotiations but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.

Question: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?
Answer: Geoffrey Roberts
Insect
The higher-level phylogeny of the arthropods continues to be a matter of debate and research. In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300-million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period. The oldest definitive insect fossil is the Devonian "Rhyniognatha hirsti", from the 396-million-year-old Rhynie chert. It may have superficially resembled a modern-day silverfish insect. This species already possessed dicondylic mandibles (two articulations in the mandible), a feature associated with winged insects, suggesting that wings may already have evolved at this time. Thus, the first insects probably appeared earlier, in the Silurian period.

Question: A University discovered a primitive flying what?
Answer: insect
LeAnn Rimes
Margaret LeAnn Rimes Cibrian (born August 28, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and author. Rimes rose to stardom at age 13 following the release of her version of the Bill Mack song "Blue", becoming the youngest country music star since Tanya Tucker in 1972.
Good Friend and a Glass of Wine
"Good Friend and a Glass of Wine" is a song written by Darrell Brown, Blair Daly, and co-written and recorded by American country music artist LeAnn Rimes. It was released in March 2008 as the second single from her twelfth studio album, "Family". A music video was also released for the single. The single peaked at 35 on the Hot Country Songs charts.

Question: At what age did the singer of Good Friend and a Glass of Wine rise to stardom?
Answer: 13
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel
The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, is a heritage, five-star, luxury hotel built in the Saracenic Revival style in the Colaba region of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, situated next to the Gateway of India.
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel
Historically it was known as the "Taj Mahal Hotel" or simply "the Taj". The hotel is considered one of the finest hotels in the East since the time of the British Raj. 
Gokul (restaurant)
Gokul is a pub in Colaba, Mumbai. Located behind The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel next to Regal Cinema, it is renowned for its cheap alcoholic beverages (mostly beer) sold almost at retail value (i.e. without the extra charges added to alcoholic beverages in Mumbai if they are consumed in restaurants). Because of its low prices it is popular with the students of institutes in the area, achieving cult status with them. However, it is also frequented by journalists, lawyers, researchers and businessmen who work in the South Mumbai area.

Question: Gokul is located behind a Heritage Grand class five-star hotel in what region of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India?
Answer: Colaba region
Lapis lazuli
As early as the 7th millennium BCE, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, in Shortugai, and in other mines in Badakhshan province in northeast Afghanistan.
Lapis lazuli
Lapis was highly valued by the Indus Valley Civilisation (3300–1900 BCE), and lapis beads have been found at Neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the Caucasus, and as far away as Mauritania. It was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun (1341–1323 BCE).
Sar-i Sang
Sar-i Sang (or Sar-e Sang) is a settlement in the Kuran Wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, famous for its ancient lapis lazuli mines producing the world's finest lapis.

Question: Lapis lazuli was mined where during the 7th milennium BC?
Answer: Sar-i Sang
Insect
Insects were the earliest organisms to produce and sense sounds. Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages. In grasshoppers and crickets, this is achieved by stridulation. Cicadas make the loudest sounds among the insects by producing and amplifying sounds with special modifications to their body to form tymbals and associated musculature. The African cicada "Brevisana brevis" has been measured at 106.7 decibels at a distance of 50 cm . Some insects, such as the "Helicoverpa zea" moths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats. Some moths produce ultrasonic clicks that were once thought to have a role in jamming bat echolocation. The ultrasonic clicks were subsequently found to be produced mostly by unpalatable moths to warn bats, just as warning colorations are used against predators that hunt by sight. Some otherwise palatable moths have evolved to mimic these calls. More recently, the claim that some moths can jam bat sonar has been revisited. Ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared videography of bat-moth interactions suggest the palatable tiger moth really does defend against attacking big brown bats using ultrasonic clicks that jam bat sonar.

Question: Moths create what kind of click sounds?
Answer: ultrasonic
Muslim world
In a number of Muslim-majority countries the law requires women to cover either their legs, shoulders and head, or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These hijab rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in Western countries, where restrictions are considered both sexist and oppressive. Some Muslims oppose this charge, and instead declare that the media in these countries presses on women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive, and that this is itself sexist and oppressive.

Question: What are the restrictions on the dress of Muslim women considered in the West?
Answer: sexist and oppressive
Quran
Following Muhammad's death in 632, a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in the Battle of Yamama by Musaylimah. The first caliph, Abu Bakr (d. 634), subsequently decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones (collectively known as "suhuf") and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, in 644, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript until the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, has requested the standard copy from Hafsa bint Umar in about 650.

Question: In which year did Abu Bakr die?
Answer: 634
David Spade
David Wayne Spade (born July 22, 1964) is an American actor and comedian. He was a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" in the 1990s, and he later began an acting career in both film and television. He also starred or co-starred in the films "Police Academy 4" (1987), "Tommy Boy" (1995), "Black Sheep" (1996), "Joe Dirt" (2001), "" (2015), "Grown Ups" (2010), "Grown Ups 2" (2013), and "Father of the Year" (2018) among others.
David Spade
He has been part of an ensemble cast of two long-running sitcoms: "Just Shoot Me!" (1997–2003) and "Rules of Engagement" (2007–2013). Additionally, he starred as C. J. Barnes in the sitcom "8 Simple Rules" (2004–2005). For his role in "Just Shoot Me!", he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globes. In animation, he voiced Ranger Frank in "The Rugrats Movie" (1998), Kuzco in "The Emperor's New Groove" (2000) and its direct-to-video sequel, "Kronk's New Groove" (2005), the red panda Aliur in "Snowflake, the White Gorilla" (2013) and Griffin the Invisible Man in the "Hotel Transylvania" film series (2012–2018). Spade hosted a late-night talk show "Lights Out with David Spade", which premiered on July 29, 2019. Spade's comedic style, in both his stand-up material and acting roles, relies heavily on sarcasm and self-deprecation.
Grown Ups (film)
Grown Ups is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and written by Adam Sandler and Fred Wolf. It stars Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, and Rob Schneider. The film tells a story of five lifelong friends who won their middle school basketball championship in 1978. They reunite three decades later for a 4th of July weekend after learning about the sudden death of their basketball coach.

Question: What is the name of a 2010 comedy film about five friends reuniting for a holiday weekend that stared at least one previous cast member from "Saturday Night Live"?
Answer: "Grown Ups"
Botany
Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide through stomatal apertures. These developments, coupled with new methods for measuring the size of stomatal apertures, and the rate of photosynthesis have enabled precise description of the rates of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Innovations in statistical analysis by Ronald Fisher, Frank Yates and others at Rothamsted Experimental Station facilitated rational experimental design and data analysis in botanical research. The discovery and identification of the auxin plant hormones by Kenneth V. Thimann in 1948 enabled regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals. Frederick Campion Steward pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by plant hormones. The synthetic auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D was one of the first commercial synthetic herbicides.

Question: What influences the rate of gas produced by plants?
Answer: rate of photosynthesis
Alaska
The Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the first Native Alaskans to be exploited by the Russians. Western and Southwestern Alaska are home to the Yup'ik, while their cousins the Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq lived in what is now Southcentral Alaska. The Gwich'in people of the northern Interior region are Athabaskan and primarily known today for their dependence on the caribou within the much-contested Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The North Slope and Little Diomede Island are occupied by the widespread Inupiat people.

Question: The Inuplat population inhabit what areas?
Answer: The North Slope and Little Diomede Island
Quietdrive
Quietdrive is an alternative rock band based in Hopkins, Minnesota, USA, that was formed in 2002. Quietdrive released their first album, "When All That's Left Is You", on May 30, 2006, on Epic Records. In April 2008, Quietdrive left Epic Records and released an album titled "Deliverance" on October 14, 2008, with the Militia Group. In 2009, they left Militia Group and released an independent EP titled "Close Your Eyes" on their own record label, Sneaker 2 Bombs Records. Their third full-length album, "Quietdrive", was released on December 14, 2010, and a full-length album, "Up or Down", on April 24, 2012. "The Ghost of What You Used to Be" was released on December 16, 2014.
Quietdrive
The original members of the band attended Sultana High School in Hesperia, California, and in ninth grade, Brandon Lanier started telling Droo Hastings that he was a great drummer and that they should start a band with him and his friend Justin Bonhiver. Initially, the band was a trio with Hastings as lead singer and bass guitar, Lanier playing drums, and Bonhiver on guitar. The band posted an audition for a lead singer on MP3.com. Kevin Truckenmiller entered the band after submitting his solo work, including an early incarnation of the song "I Go Both Ways", which was named after their friend, Jennings Lane. Matt Kirby began attending Saint John's University with Truckenmiller. The group eventually joined together and formed in 2002 under the name "Sneaker 2 Bombs," a hard rock band which reflected the evolving Minneapolis local music scene.
We the Kings
We the Kings is an American rock band from Bradenton, Florida. The band's self-titled full-length debut album, released in 2007, included the platinum single "Check Yes Juliet", and went on to sell over 250,000 copies in the US. The group's second album "Smile Kid" (2009) included Top 40 singles "Heaven Can Wait" and "We'll Be a Dream" (featuring Demi Lovato), as well as the single "She Takes Me High".

Question: Which band's debut album was released first, We the Kings or Quietdrive?
Answer: Quietdrive
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the gods falls deeply in love with him. At a banquet in Book 2, Aeneas tells the story of the sack of Troy, the death of his wife, and his escape, to the enthralled Carthaginians, while in Book 3 he recounts to them his wanderings over the Mediterranean in search of a suitable new home. Jupiter in Book 4 recalls the lingering Aeneas to his duty to found a new city, and he slips away from Carthage, leaving Dido to commit suicide, cursing Aeneas and calling down revenge in symbolic anticipation of the fierce wars between Carthage and Rome. In Book 5, funeral games are celebrated for Aeneas' father Anchises, who had died a year before. On reaching Cumae, in Italy in Book 6, Aeneas consults the Cumaean Sibyl, who conducts him through the Underworld where Aeneas meets the dead Anchises who reveals Rome's destiny to his son.

Question: Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld?
Answer: Sibyl
Napoleon
In the Kingdom of Holland, the British launched the Walcheren Campaign to open up a second front in the war and to relieve the pressure on the Austrians. The British army only landed at Walcheren on 30 July, by which point the Austrians had already been defeated. The Walcheren Campaign was characterized by little fighting but heavy casualties thanks to the popularly dubbed "Walcheren Fever". Over 4000 British troops were lost in a bungled campaign, and the rest withdrew in December 1809. The main strategic result from the campaign became the delayed political settlement between the French and the Austrians. Emperor Francis wanted to wait and see how the British performed in their theatre before entering into negotiations with Napoleon. Once it became apparent that the British were going nowhere, the Austrians agreed to peace talks.

Question: The Walcheren Campaign was intended to relieve the military pressure on whom?
Answer: the Austrians
PlayStation 3
In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown "Wipeout HD" and "Gran Turismo 5 Prologue" in 3D as a demonstration of how the technology might work if it is implemented in the future. Firmware update 3.30 officially allowed PS3 titles to be played in 3D, requiring a compatible display for use. System software update 3.50 prepared it for 3D films. While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively. Titles with such patches include "Wipeout HD", "Pain", and "Super Stardust HD".

Question: What company said it would bring 3D technology to the PS3?
Answer: Blitz Games
Gasparilla Pirate Festival
The Gasparilla Pirate Festival is a large parade and a host of related community events held in Tampa, Florida almost every year since 1904. The theme of the festivities is an invasion by the mythical pirate José Gaspar (also known as Gasparilla), who is a popular figure in Florida folklore even though there is no evidence that he actually existed. The focal point of Gasparilla is the Parade of Pirates, which is held on the last Saturday in January and is often referred to as "the" Gasparilla Parade. Since its inception, it has been organized by Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla (YMKG), an organization modeled after the "krewes" that participate in Mardi Gras in New Orleans. On Gasparilla Day, members of YMKG sail into downtown Tampa aboard their large replica pirate ship accompanied by hundreds of private boats to demand that the mayor hand over the key to the city. Afterwards, they stage a "victory parade" along Bayshore Boulevard accompanied by dozens of other krewes and community organizations, with the festivities continuing into the nighttime hours along the Tampa Riverwalk. 
Gasparilla Pirate Festival
Gasparilla began in 1904 as an informal pirate parade that was a small part of a larger community event, such as Tampa's May Day festival. It was first held as a stand-alone event in 1913, and after a hiatus during World War II, the Parade of Pirates has grown into the third largest parade in the United States with a local economic impact of over $20 million and an average attendance of about 300,000.
Artists and Writers Ball
The Artists and Writers Ball was founded in the late-1970s in Tampa, FL by Bud Lee (photographer), Peggy Lee, David Audet, Paul Wilborn, Jeff Dunlap, Beverly Coe, Bebe Williams, Mary D. Scourtes and Charley Greacen as an alternative to the exclusive Gasparilla Pirate Festival krewes and parade.

Question: The Artists and Writers Ball was founded in the late 1970s as an alternative to which festival which is held every year in Tampa and hosted by Ye Mystic Krewe of Gasparilla?
Answer: Gasparilla Pirate Festival
Winston Churchill (1940–2010)
Winston Spencer-Churchill (10 October 1940 – 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was a British Conservative politician and a grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill , in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP.
Ernest Davies (Stretford MP)
Ernest Arthur Davies (25 October 1926 – 8 March 2020) was a British Labour Party politician. He served for one term as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stretford in North West England from 1966 to 1970, when he was defeated. His successor was Winston Churchill, grandson of the former Prime Minister. He was subsequently a councillor in the London Borough of Southwark from 1978 to 1982.

Question: Ernest Davies' successor was born on what date?
Answer: 10 October 1940
The Devil Came on Horseback
The Devil Came on Horseback is a documentary film by Ricki Stern and Anne Sundberg illustrating the continuing Darfur Conflict in Sudan. Based on the book by former U.S. Marine Captain Brian Steidle and his experiences while working for the African Union. The film asks viewers to become educated about the ongoing genocide in Darfur and laments the failure of the US and others to end the crisis.
The Life of Mammals
The Life of Mammals is a nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough, first transmitted in the United Kingdom from 20 November 2002.

Question: The Devil Came on Horseback and The Life of Mammals are examples of what kind of film?
Answer: documentary
Wonderland murders
The Wonderland murders, also known as the Four on the Floor Murders or the Laurel Canyon Murders, are four unsolved murders that occurred in
Wonderland murders
Los Angeles, California on July 1, 1981. It is assumed that five people were targeted to be killed in the known drug house of the Wonderland Gang, three of whom were present. All three of them, Ron Launius, Billy DeVerell, and Joy Miller, along with their accomplice Barbara Richardson, died from extensive blunt-force trauma injuries. Only Launius' wife, Susan Launius, survived the attack, allegedly masterminded by the organized crime figure and nightclub owner Eddie Nash. Nash, his henchman Gregory Diles, and porn star John Holmes were at various times arrested, tried, and acquitted for their involvement in the murders. LAPD detectives are on record saying the crime scene was bloodier and more gruesome than that of the Tate-LaBianca murders.
John Holmes (actor)
John Curtis Holmes (né Estes; August 8, 1944 – March 13, 1988), better known as John C. Holmes or Johnny Wadd (after the lead character he portrayed in a series of related films), was, at the time he was active, one of the most prolific male adult film actors, with documented credits for at least 573 films.
John Holmes (actor)
Holmes was best known for his exceptionally large penis, which was heavily promoted as the longest, thickest, hardest, and longest lasting in the adult film industry, with seminal volume second only to fellow adult actor Peter North's. However, no documented measurement of Holmes' actual penis’ length, girth, tumescence, sexual stamina, or ejaculate volume has ever been confirmed. Near the end of his life, Holmes attained notoriety for his reputed involvement in the Wonderland murders of July 1981 and eventually for his death from complications caused by AIDS in March 1988. Holmes was the subject of several books, a lengthy essay in "Rolling Stone" and two feature-length documentaries, and was the inspiration for two Hollywood movies ("Boogie Nights" and "Wonderland").

Question: What crime is a porn star born who died in 1988 suspected of commiting?
Answer: four unsolved murders
The Truth According to Wikipedia
The Truth According to Wikipedia, also referred to as Wiki's Truth ( ), is a Dutch documentary about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen. It was screened at The Next Web conference in Amsterdam on 4 April 2008 and broadcast by the Dutch documentary series "Backlight" ( ) on Nederland 2 on 7 April 2008. It was subsequently made available through American Public Television.
Gasland
Fracking is a technique that has been used routinely since the late 1940s as an aid to stimulating production in oil and gas wells. Horizontal drilling, a recent innovation in drilling techniques, can create horizontal pathways deep within the earth, and has successfully incorporated hydraulic fracturing to release fluids from shale formations. Horizontal drilling coupled with fracking has transformed the energy business, enabled vast new supplies of natural gas, and advanced the goal of United States energy independence.
Gasland
The film was a key mobilizer for the anti-fracking movement, and "brought the term 'hydraulic fracturing' into the nation's living rooms" according to "The New York Times". GASLAND premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010, where it was awarded the 2010 Special Jury Prize for Documentary.  In June 2010, it premiered on HBO to an audience of 3 million homes, was seen by over 250,000 audience members in its 250 city grassroots tour.  The film was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature., and won a 2011 Emmy for best non-fiction director among numerous other awards.

Question: Which documentary came out first out of Gasland and The Truth According to Wikipedia?
Answer: The Truth According to Wikipedia
Phoenix Command
Phoenix Command was a role-playing game system published by Leading Edge Games, and copyrighted by Barry Nakazono and David McKenzie. Various versions of the system featured in the games "Morning Star Missions", "Living Steel", and "Aliens Adventure Game".
Aliens Adventure Game
Aliens Adventure Game is a combat-oriented role-playing game published by Leading Edge Games in 1991.

Question: Phoenix Command is a role-playing game system, published by Leading edge games that includes which game?
Answer: Aliens Adventure Game
American Idol
Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters for not crediting the arrangement to Live. He was eliminated at the top four in a shocking result.

Question: Which season five contestant caused controversy with their performance of I Walk the Line?
Answer: Chris Daughtry
James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, poet, teacher, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the 20th century. Joyce is best known for "Ulysses" (1922), a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's "Odyssey" are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, most famously stream of consciousness. Other well-known works are the short-story collection "Dubliners" (1914), and the novels "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" (1916) and "Finnegans Wake" (1939). His other writings include three books of poetry, a play, his published letters and occasional journalism.
Mary Doria Russell
Mary Doria Russell (born August 19, 1950) is an American novelist.

Question: Are Mary Doria Russell and James Joyce both novelists?
Answer: yes
Sichuan
Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of the Yangtze. This innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season, to either provide irrigation or prevent floods. The increased agricultural output and taxes made the area a source of provisions and men for Qin's unification of China.

Question: What did Qin administrators introduce to Shu and Ba?
Answer: improved agricultural technology.
John von Neumann
Von Neumann's abstract treatment permitted him also to confront the foundational issue of determinism versus non-determinism, and in the book he presented a proof that the statistical results of quantum mechanics could not possibly be averages of an underlying set of determined "hidden variables," as in classical statistical mechanics. In 1935, Grete Hermann published a paper arguing that the proof contained a conceptual error and was therefore invalid. Hermann's work was largely ignored until after John S. Bell made essentially the same argument in 1966. However, in 2010, Jeffrey Bub argued that Bell had misconstrued von Neumann's proof, and pointed out that the proof, though not valid for all hidden variable theories, does rule out a well-defined and important subset. Bub also suggests that von Neumann was aware of this limitation, and that von Neumann did not claim that his proof completely ruled out hidden variable theories. The validity of Bub's argument is, in turn, disputed. In any case, Gleason's Theorem of 1957 fills the gaps in von Neumann's approach.

Question: Von Neumann's abstract treatment allowed him to work on what foundational issue?
Answer: determinism versus non-determinism