qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Tristan da Cunha
On 14 August 1816, the United Kingdom annexed the islands, making them a dependency of the Cape Colony in South Africa. This was explained as a measure to prevent the islands' use as a base for any attempt to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on Saint Helena. The occupation also prevented the United States from using Tristan da Cunha as a base for naval cruisers, as it had during the War of 1812. Possession was abandoned in November 1817, although some members of the garrison, notably William Glass, stayed and formed the nucleus of a permanent population.

Question: where did the UK rule the islands from?
Answer: South Africa
Beyoncé
Beyoncé has been described as having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of "Dangerously in Love", she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s (decade), the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyoncé, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name. In 2006, it was added to the "Oxford English Dictionary".

Question: How does Beyoncé say she likes to dress off-stage?
Answer: sexily
Hellenistic period
Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League ( 370 BC), the Achaean League ( 280 BC), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia. In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans. The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.

Question: What league freed Corinth?
Answer: Achean
Betty Garrett
Betty Garrett (May 23, 1919 – February 12, 2011) was an American actress, comedian, singer and dancer. She originally performed on Broadway, and was then signed to a film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She appeared in several musical films, then returned to Broadway and made guest appearances on several television series.
Words and Music (1948 film)
Words and Music is a 1948 American biographical musical film loosely based on the creative partnership of the composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Lorenz Hart. The film stars Mickey Rooney as Hart and Tom Drake as Rodgers, along with Janet Leigh, Betty Garrett, Ann Sothern and numerous musical stars. It was the second in a series of MGM biopics about Broadway composers; it was preceded by "Till the Clouds Roll By" (Jerome Kern, 1946) and followed by "Three Little Words" (Kalmar and Ruby, 1950) and "Deep in My Heart" (Sigmund Romberg, 1954).

Question: Words and Music features an actress born in 1919 who originally performed where?
Answer: Broadway
Elena of Montenegro
Princess Elena of Montenegro, or more commonly known as Queen Elena of Italy ( ; 8 January 1873 – 28 November 1952) was the daughter of King Nicholas I of Montenegro and his wife, Milena Vukotić. As wife of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, she was Queen of Italy from 1900 until 1946, Empress consort of Ethiopia from 1936 until 1941 and Queen consort of the Albanians from 1939 until 1943.
Princess Yolanda of Savoy
Princess Yolanda of Savoy (1 June 1901 – 16 October 1986) was the eldest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy.
Princess Yolanda of Savoy
She was born Principessa Iolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria di Savoia ( ) in Rome, Italy. As a young woman she was a great sportswoman, particularly interested in swimming and riding.

Question: how is Princess Yolanda of Savoy and Elena of Montenegro related?
Answer: Italy
Seth Johnson
Seth Art Maurice Johnson (born 12 March 1979) is an English retired footballer. He spent his career at Crewe Alexandra, Derby County and Leeds United, and played one international for England in 2000.
Ron Webster
Ron Webster (born 21 June 1943, in Belper) is an English former association football player, who spent nearly all his career playing for his local team Derby County. Webster played at right back. Webster was always a fans' favourite because of his hard tackles and effort. Seth Johnson, a recent ex-Derby player was compared to him for his hard working attitude on the pitch. He is rated by many people as being one of the most loyal Derby County players ever for his services and contribution to the club.

Question: Ron Webster was recently compared to the player who played one international for England in which year?
Answer: 2000
Mont Vernon, New Hampshire
Mont Vernon is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,409 at the 2010 census.
Alex Preston (singer)
Alex Preston Philbrick (born May 6, 1993), better known as Alex Preston, is an American singer from Mont Vernon, New Hampshire, who was a finalist on the thirteenth season of "American Idol", coming in third place. On July 21, 2015, he released his self-titled debut album. His second album, "A Work in Progress", was released in 2018.

Question: What county in New Hampshire did Alex Preston, the third place contestant on the thirteeth season of "American Idol", come from?
Answer: Hillsborough County
Kanye West
In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky". Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flying a rocket over a canyon. The suit claimed infringement on Knievel's trademarked name and likeness. Knievel also claimed that the "vulgar and offensive" images depicted in the video damaged his reputation. The suit sought monetary damages and an injunction to stop distribution of the video. West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment. Just days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit from West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman."

Question: What famous stuntman sued Kanye for purported use of his likeness in 2006?
Answer: Robert "Evel" Knievel
Wellesley, Massachusetts
Wellesley is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Wellesley is part of Greater Boston. The population was 27,982 at the time of the 2010 census. Wellesley was the 7th wealthiest city in the United States in 2018. Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College are located in Wellesley.
Babson College
Babson College is a private business school in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Established in 1919, its central focus is on entrepreneurship education. It was founded by Roger W. Babson as an all-male business institute but is now coeducational.
Babson College
On September 3, 1919, with an enrollment of twenty-seven students, the Babson Institute held its first classes in the former home of Roger and Grace Babson on Abbott Road in Wellesley Hills. Roger Babson, the founder of the school, set out to distinguish the Babson Institute from colleges offering mainly instruction in business. The Institute provided intensive training in the fundamentals of production, finance and distribution in just one academic year, rather than four. The curriculum was divided into four subject areas: practical economics, financial management, business psychology and personal efficiency (which covered topics such as ethics, personal hygiene and interpersonal relationships). The program's pace assumed that students would learn arts and sciences content elsewhere.

Question: Wellesley, Massachusetts is home to this private business school that focuses on entrepreneurship education established in which year?
Answer: 1919
Breynia
Breynia is a plant genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, first described in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, Australia, and the island of Réunion.
Olearia
Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.

Question: Are both Olearia and Breynia found in New Zealand?
Answer: no
Peter Kay
Born and brought up in Bolton, Lancashire, Kay studied media performance at the University of Salford. He began working part-time as a stand-up comedian, winning the North West Comedian of the Year award. In 1997, he won Channel 4's "So You Think You're Funny" contest and the following year was nominated for a Perrier Award for his show at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. With his public profile raised, in 2000, he co-wrote and starred in "That Peter Kay Thing" for Channel 4. This resulted in a spin-off sitcom, "Phoenix Nights", which ran for two series from 2001 to 2002, and in turn generated another spin-off, "Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere", in 2004. In 2005, he recorded a promotional video in which he mimed to Tony Christie's 1971 hit "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo"; the song then reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart, becoming that year's best-selling single in the UK.
Peter Kay
In 2008, Kay co-wrote and starred in "Britain's Got the Pop Factor... and Possibly a New Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice", a parody of several British reality television shows. As the series' fictional protagonist Geraldine McQueen, he released the single "The Winner's Song", which reached number 2 in the UK singles chart. His 2010–2011 stand-up comedy tour was officially inaugurated into the "Guinness World Records" as the most successful of all time, playing to over 1.2 million people. He co-wrote and starred in "Peter Kay's Car Share", a sitcom screened by the BBC for two series between 2015–2017. He also starred in the 2015 BBC sitcom "Cradle to Grave". 
The Sound of Laughter
The Sound of Laughter was British comedian Peter Kay's initial volume of autobiography, released on 5 October 2006. The book was a bestseller.
The Sound of Laughter
"The Sound of Laughter" was a success with 278,000 copies sold in its first day (including pre-orders). It went straight in at Number 1 on both the Play.com and Amazon.co.uk book charts and was the Number 1 highest selling autobiography in the UK.

Question: What is the name of the autobiography written by the 46th most influential person in British culture (according to BBC)?
Answer: The Sound of Laughter
Somalis
A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somalia) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).

Question: Who was the first president of Djibouti?
Answer: Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Kievan Rus'
The most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rival Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv. Three of Yaroslav's sons that first allied together found themselves fighting each other especially after their defeat to the Cuman forces in 1068 at the Battle of the Alta River. At the same time, an uprising took place in Kiev, bringing to power Vseslav of Polotsk who supported the traditional Slavic paganism. The ruling Grand Prince Iziaslav fled to Poland asking for support and in couple of years returned to establish the order. The affairs became even more complicated by the end of the 11th century driving the state into chaos and constant warfare. On the initiative of Vladimir II Monomakh in 1097 the first federal council of Kievan Rus' took place near Chernihiv in the city of Liubech with the main intention to find an understanding among the fighting sides. However, even though that did not really stop the fighting, it certainly cooled things off.

Question: What country did the fleeing Grand Prince run off to?
Answer: Poland
Colombia national football team
The Colombia national football team ( ) represents Colombia in men's international football and is managed by the Colombian Football Federation, the governing body for football in Colombia. They are an member of CONMEBOL and is currently ranked 10th in the FIFA World Rankings. The team are nicknamed "Los Cafeteros" due to the coffee production in their country.
Walter Ronge
Walter Ronge "(Rongo in some sources)" was a U.S. soccer player who earned one cap with the U.S. national team. Ronge played professionally with Chicago Schwaben of the National Soccer League of Chicago. He earned his one cap with the national team in a 2-0 loss to Colombia on February 5, 1961.

Question: Who oversees the team that beat U.S. national soccer team on February 5, 1961?
Answer: Colombian Football Federation
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
Wile E. Coyote (also known simply as "the Coyote") and the Road Runner are a duo of cartoon characters from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of cartoons. In each episode, the cunning, insidious and constantly hungry Coyote repeatedly attempts to catch and subsequently eat the Road Runner, a fast-running ground bird, but is never successful. Instead of his animal instincts, the Coyote uses absurdly complex contraptions (sometimes in the manner of Rube Goldberg) to try to catch his prey, which comically backfire, with the Coyote often getting injured in slapstick fashion. Many of the items for these contrivances are mail-ordered from a variety of companies that are all named Acme.
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
One running gag involves the Coyote trying (in vain) to shield himself with a little parasol against a great falling boulder that is about to crush him. Another running gag involves the Coyote falling from a high cliff. After he goes over the edge, the rest of the scene, shot from a bird's-eye view, shows him falling into a canyon so deep, that his figure is eventually lost to sight. This is followed, a second or two later, by the rising of a dust cloud from the canyon floor as the Coyote hits.
Soup or Sonic
Soup or Sonic is an animated cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series, starring Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. It was first aired on May 21, 1980 as a part of the television special "Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over" and was one of four new cartoons released. This is the only canonical cartoon in which Wile E. Coyote catches the Road Runner without him escaping afterward.

Question:  Which characters were in a unique canonical cartoon from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series?
Answer: Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner
Tibet
From January 18–20, 2010, a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, all members of CPC Politburo Standing Committee signaling the commitment of senior Chinese leaders to development of Tibet and ethnic Tibetan areas. The plan calls for improvement of rural Tibetan income to national standards by 2020 and free education for all rural Tibetan children. China has invested 310 billion yuan (about 45.6 billion U.S. dollars) in Tibet since 2001. "Tibet's GDP was expected to reach 43.7 billion yuan in 2009, up 170 percent from that in 2000 and posting an annual growth of 12.3 percent over the past nine years."

Question: Members of which committee attended the conference?
Answer: CPC Politburo Standing Committee
Oklahoma
The humid subtropical climate (Koppen "Cfa") of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen "BSk") in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of and an annual rainfall of generally over and up to , while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average , with an annual rainfall under .

Question: What is Oklahoma's western climate type?
Answer: semi-arid
Brickleberry
Brickleberry is an American animated sitcom created by Waco O'Guin and Roger Black for the basic cable network Comedy Central. Executive produced by O'Guin, Black, and comedian Daniel Tosh, the series follows a group of park rangers as they work through their daily lives in the fictional Brickleberry National Park.
Brickleberry
The series follows a group of park rangers as they work through their daily lives in the fictional Brickleberry National Park near Hazelhurst in the Driftless Region of Illinois.
Roger Black (actor)
Roger Black is an American insult comedian, actor, voice actor, animator, writer and producer known for his character Yucko the Clown.

Question: Brickleberry was created by Waco O'Guin and a comedian known for what character?
Answer: Yucko the Clown
Elizabeth II
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led, in 1957, to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965 the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

Question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?
Answer: out of touch
Concrete and Gold
Lyrically, the album is based around Grohl's thoughts about the future of the United States – "politically, personally, as a father, an American and a musician". While the lyrics were written to vent Grohl's political frustrations, the album lyrics themselves are not overtly-political. Grohl also stated an overall theme of the album was “hope and desperation”. "The Sky Is a Neighborhood" and "T-Shirt" represent a more bleak worldview by Grohl's, the two songs showing his concern for the future of humanity, and desire for escapism, respectively. The election and presidency of Donald Trump was cited as a huge influence of Grohl's negativity, with Grohl stating:
Concrete and Gold
The album was released on September 15, 2017. Two singles were released prior to the album's release, "Run", which topped the US "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Songs chart in July 2017, and "The Sky Is a Neighborhood", which is at number 13 on the chart. A third song, "The Line", was also released a week prior to the album, and tracks such as "La Dee Da" had been debuted at live shows earlier in 2017. The band commenced a headlining North American tour in support of the album starting in October 2017. Prior to the tour, the band also plans on throwing their own festival – "Cal Jam 17" – with performances from themselves, Queens of the Stone Age, Cage the Elephant, and a number of other bands, as a large-scale version of an album-release party. Promotions will continue into 2018, including a joint touring with Weezer through Australia and New Zealand in January and February. On October 20, 2017, the band released a previously unreleased b-side song from the album sessions, "Soldier", for the Planned Parenthood benefit compilation album "7-Inches for Planned Parenthood". The third single from the album, "The Line" was released on May 1, 2018.
Run (Foo Fighters song)
"Run" is a song by American rock band Foo Fighters. It was released as a single on June 1, 2017, and is off their ninth studio album, "Concrete and Gold". The song performed well commercially and critically, topping the "Billboard" US Mainstream Rock Songs chart. The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song and was nominated for Best Rock Performance, for the 2018 Grammys.
Run (Foo Fighters song)
The song had first been played live in February 2017. The studio version of the song was released as a single on June 1, 2017, making it the band's first single since "Saint Cecilia" in 2015. Many music journalists noted the song was expected, but not confirmed, to be off of the band's then-upcoming ninth studio album, "Concrete and Gold". The single was a surprise release, without any prior indication being made of its existence, other than the band's vague allusions to working on music over the course of 2017. Seven weeks after its initial release, the song topped the US "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Songs chart, the seventh song from the band to do so.

Question: Which Foo Fighter album featured "RUN" as its first Single? 
Answer: Concrete and Gold
Sofia Toufa
Sofia Toufa (born August 13, 1983), known by her stage name SOFI (acronym for Some Other Female Interest), is a German singer and rapper. In addition to her solo career, SOFI has provided vocals on tracks by electronic music artists including deadmau5, Moguai and Savoy.
Sofi Needs a Ladder
"Sofi Needs a Ladder" is a song by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5, featuring vocals from German singer SOFI. It was released as the third single from deadmau5's fifth studio album, "4×4=12".
Sofi Needs a Ladder
The song was originally an instrumental track, "You Need a Ladder", which Deadmau5 previously performed, but vocals were added on afterward to allow the song to be published and avoid any copyright infringement (the song previously included an intro and outro featuring a slightly remixed version of "Overworld theme" from the NES game "The Legend of Zelda"). The song was first played on the radio by Annie Mac on BBC Radio 1 on October 22, 2010. The song won a 2011 Juno Award for Best Dance Recording.

Question: Which Greek-German singer and rapper was featured in the album "4x4=12"?
Answer: Sofia Toufa
Gemma Whelan
Gemma Elizabeth Whelan (born 23 April 1981) is an English actress and comedian, best known for playing Yara Greyjoy in the HBO fantasy-drama series "Game of Thrones". She plays a detective, Eunice Noon, in "The End of the F***ing World" on Netflix.
The Moorside
The Moorside is a 2017 two-part British television drama. Written by Neil McKay and directed by Paul Whittington, it stars Sheridan Smith, Gemma Whelan, Sian Brooke and Siobhan Finneran and was broadcast on BBC One in two one-hour episodes in February 2017. The drama is based on the 2008 disappearance of 9-year-old Shannon Matthews and the successful search for her by police and volunteers in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, along with the revelation of mother Karen's involvement in Shannon's kidnapping.

Question: What actress was in Game of Thrones and The Moorside?
Answer: Gemma Whelan
Sichuan
Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone () was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

Question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?
Answer: 1988
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism. Prior to his presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975.
Ronald Reagan
Reagan was raised in a low-income family in small towns of northern Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a radio sports commentator. After moving to California in 1937, he found work as an actor and starred in a few major productions. As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan worked to root out communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories. In 1964, his speech "A Time for Choosing" earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman. Building a network of supporters, Reagan was elected governor of California in 1966. As governor, he raised taxes, turned a state budget deficit to a surplus, challenged the protesters at UC Berkeley, and ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements.
Barbara Staff
Barbara Ruth Staff (August 26, 1924 – July 29, 2019) was an American political activist for the Republican Party who was one of three co-chairs of the 1976 presidential primary campaign for Ronald Reagan in Texas, along with Ernest Angelo Jr., former mayor of Midland, and Ray Barnhart, a former state legislator and a Republican chairman.

Question: Barbara Staff was co-chairman of the Texas Presidential campaign for the statesman who was from what state?
Answer: California
Hellenistic period
While a few fragments exist, there is no complete surviving historical work which dates to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus which were used by surviving sources are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200–118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BC when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His "Histories" eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BC.

Question: What League was Polybius a statesman?
Answer: Achaean
Philosophy of space and time
However, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments and water spill is easily attributable in terms of the trajectory of the cup, irregularities in its structure, angle of its impact on the floor, etc. However, applying the same event in reverse, it is difficult to explain why the various pieces of the cup should fly up into the human hand and reassemble precisely into the shape of a cup, or why the water should position itself entirely within the cup. The causes of the resultant structure and shape of the cup and the encapsulation of the water by the hand within the cup are not easily attributable, as neither hand nor floor can achieve such formations of the cup or water. This asymmetry is perceivable on account of two features: i) the relationship between the agent capacities of the human hand (i.e., what it is and is not capable of and what it is for) and non-animal agency (i.e., what floors are and are not capable of and what they are for) and ii) that the pieces of cup came to possess exactly the nature and number of those of a cup before assembling. In short, such asymmetry is attributable to the relationship between i) temporal direction and ii) the implications of form and functional capacity.

Question: How can asymmetry of causation be observed?
Answer: in a non-arbitrary way
Hydrogen
H2 is produced in chemistry and biology laboratories, often as a by-product of other reactions; in industry for the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates; and in nature as a means of expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions.

Question: How do labs produce H2?
Answer: by-product of other reactions
Men's Journal
Men's Journal is a monthly men's lifestyle magazine focused on outdoor recreation and comprising editorials on the outdoors, environmental issues, health and fitness, style and fashion, and gear. It was founded in 1992 by Jann Wenner of Wenner Media, who sought to create a publication for "active, accomplished men to fuel an adventurous and discerning lifestyle". Wenner Media sold "Men's Journal" to American Media, Inc. in 2017.
Lee Klancher
Lee Klancher is a photographer and writer who has contributed words and images to more than 30 books, as well as dozens of national magazines, including "Men’s Journal", "Draft", and "Motorcyclist".

Question: Lee Klancher is a photographer and writer who has contributed words and images to more than 30 books, as well as dozens of national magazines, including "Men’s Journal", a monthly men's lifestyle magazine focused on outdoor recreation and comprising editorials on the outdoors, environmental issues, health and fitness, style and fashion, and gear, and founded in which year?
Answer: 1992
Madrasa
İnalcık also mentions that while scholars from for example Persia travelled to the Ottomans in order to share their knowledge, Ottomans travelled as well to receive education from scholars of these Islamic lands, such as Egypt, Persia and Turkestan. Hence, this reveals that similar to today's modern world, individuals from the early modern society travelled abroad to receive education and share knowledge and that the world was more interconnected than it seems. Also, it reveals how the system of "schooling" was also similar to today's modern world where students travel abroad to different countries for studies. Examples of Ottoman madaris are the ones built by Mehmed the Conqueror. He built eight madaris that were built "on either side of the mosque where there were eight higher madaris for specialised studies and eight lower medreses, which prepared students for these." The fact that they were built around, or near mosques reveals the religious impulses behind madrasa building and it reveals the interconnectedness between institutions of learning and religion. The students who completed their education in the lower medreses became known as danismends. This reveals that similar to the education system today, the Ottomans' educational system involved different kinds of schools attached to different kinds of levels. For example, there were lower madaris and specialised ones, and for one to get into the specialised area meant that he had to complete the classes in the lower one in order to adequately prepare himself for higher learning.

Question: Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris?
Answer: Ottomans
Innokenty Smoktunovsky
Innokenty Mikhaylovich Smoktunovsky ( ; born "Smoktunovich", 28 March 19253 August 1994) was a Soviet actor acclaimed as the "king of Soviet actors". He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1974 and the Hero of Socialist Labour in 1990.
Tchaikovsky (film)
Tchaikovsky ( ) is a 1970 Soviet biopic film directed by Igor Talankin. It featured Innokenty Smoktunovsky in the role of the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as well as the Academy Award for Original Song Score and Adaptation.

Question: Tchaikovsky featured an actor acclaimed as what?
Answer: "king of Soviet actors"
Light-emitting diode
White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.

Question: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs?
Answer: fluorescent lamps
Warsaw Pact
In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of the withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.

Question: In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: 1956
Marco Bellocchio
Marco Bellocchio (] ; born 9 November 1939) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor.
Gregory Nava
Gregory James Nava (born April 10, 1949) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter.

Question: What roles did Gregory Nava and Marco Bellocchio both perform?
Answer: film director, screenwriter
Great Turkish War
The Great Turkish War ( ) or the War of the Holy League ( ) was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.
Battle of Vác (1684)
The Battle of Vác was fought on June 27, 1684, near the city of Vác in central Hungary, between the forces of the Ottoman Empire, and the forces of the Holy Roman Empire as part of the Great Turkish War. The Austrian army was victorious.

Question: What treaty ended the war in which the Battle of Vác was fought?
Answer: Treaty of Karlowitz
Astrid Lindgren
Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (] ( ) ; ; 14 November 1907 – 28 January 2002) was a Swedish writer of fiction and screenplays. She is best known for several children's book series, featuring Pippi Longstocking, Emil i Lönneberga, Karlsson-on-the-Roof, and the Six Bullerby Children ("Children of Noisy Village" in the US), and for the children's fantasy novels "Mio, My Son", "Ronia the Robber's Daughter", and "The Brothers Lionheart". Lindgren worked on the Children's Literature Editorial Board at the Rabén & Sjögren publishing house in Stockholm and wrote more than 30 books for children. In January 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author, and the fourth most translated children's writer after Enid Blyton, Hans Christian Andersen and the Brothers Grimm. Lindgren has so far sold roughly 165 million books worldwide. In 1994, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "her unique authorship dedicated to the rights of children and respect for their individuality."
The Brothers Lionheart (1977 film)
The Brothers Lionheart ( ) is a Swedish fantasy film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 23 September 1977, directed by Olle Hellbom and based on the 1973 book of the same name, written by Astrid Lindgren. It won Sweden's Guldbagge Award for Best Director in 1978.

Question: What year was the film based on a book by the writer of Pippy Longstocking released?
Answer: 1977
Hydrogen
More than 200 thermochemical cycles can be used for water splitting. Many of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle have been evaluated for their commercial potential to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity. A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water.

Question: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?
Answer: produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity
Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo ( , ] ; ) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa from 1908 until independence in 1960. The former colony adopted its present name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), in 1964.
Ferdinand Essandja
Ferdinand Essandja (sometimes Fernand Essendja or Ferdinand Esandja) was a Congolese politician and businessman. He was the chairman of the "Parti de l’Unité Congolaise" in 1959 and worked as a chief clerk for Sabena. He attended the Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference in early 1960 as a delegate of the "Parti National du Progrès" (PNP) to participate in negotiations for the Belgian Congo's independence. At one point he served as the mayor of the Barumbu commune of Léopoldville. In June 1961 Essendja became the managing director of Air Congo, the flag carrier of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. By 1967 he was the vice president of company.

Question: Ferdinand Essandja (sometimes Fernand Essendja or Ferdinand Esandja) was a Congolese politician and businessman, he participated in negotiations for the independence of which Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)?
Answer: Belgian Congo
James Hanley (novelist)
James (Joseph) Hanley (3 September 1897 – 11 November 1985) was a British novelist, short story writer, and playwright from Kirkdale, Liverpool, Lancashire, of Irish descent. Hanley came from a seafaring family and spent two years at sea himself, during World War I. He published his first novel "Drift" in 1930. In the 1930s and 1940s his novels and short stories focussed on seamen and their families, and included "Boy" (1931), the subject of an obscenity trial. After World War II there was less emphasis on the sea in his works. While frequently praised by critics, Hanley's novels did not sell well. In the late 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s he wrote plays, mainly for the BBC, for radio and then for television, and also for the theatre. He returned to the novel in the 1970s. His last novel, "A Kingdom", was published in 1978, when he was eighty. His brother Gerald was also a novelist.
Mario Puzo
Mario Gianluigi Puzo ( ; October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter, and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Italian-American Mafia and Sicilian Mafia, most notably "The Godfather" (1969), which he later co-adapted into a trilogy directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and "Part II" in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 "Superman" film. His final novel, "The Family", was released posthumously in 2001.

Question: What kind of works were written by James Hanley and Mario Puzo?
Answer: novel
Easy (TV series)
Easy is an American comedy-drama anthology series written, directed, edited and produced by Joe Swanberg. It consists of 25 half-hour episodes. The series is set in Chicago. The first season was released on Netflix on September 22, 2016.
Evan Jonigkeit
Evan Jonigkeit ( ; born August 25, 1983) is an American actor known for his roles in "", "Bone Tomahawk", and "Easy". He currently stars as Captain Chesterfield in Discovery Canada's "Frontier".

Question: Known for his role in Bone Tomahawk, Evan Jonigkeit is also known for which series that is set in Chicago?
Answer: Easy
Harrison, Maine
Harrison is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,730 at the 2010 census. A historic resort area, Harrison straddles Long Lake and Crystal Lake. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.
Long Lake (Maine)
Long Lake is an eleven-mile (18 kilometer) lake between the towns of Naples, Maine, Bridgton, Maine and Harrison, Maine. It is connected to Brandy Pond through the Chute River. Long Lake was created by receding glaciers, and has many coves and rocks.

Question: Long Lake is located in which town?
Answer: Harrison
Economy of Greece
Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

Question: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?
Answer: 10%
Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German–born American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany and a pioneer of rocket and space technology in the United States.
Hans Fichtner
Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner (September 8, 1917 – October 21, 2012) was a rocket scientist who worked on V-2 rockets for Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde from 1939 to 1945. He was among the scientists to surrender and travel to the United States to provide rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas (1945–1949). He continued his work with the team when they moved to Redstone Arsenal, and he joined Marshall Space Flight Center to work for NASA.

Question: Who lived longer, Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner or  Wernher von Braun?
Answer: Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner
Beyond the Valley of the Dolls
Beyond the Valley of the Dolls is a 1970 American satirical musical melodrama film starring Dolly Read, Cynthia Myers, Marcia McBroom, Phyllis Davis, John LaZar, Michael Blodgett, and David Gurian. The film was directed by Russ Meyer and co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert.
Michael Blodgett
Michael Blodgett (September 26, 1939 – November 14, 2007) was an American actor, novelist, and screenwriter. Of his many film and television appearances he is best known for his performance as gigolo Lance Rocke in Russ Meyer's 1970 cult classic "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls". He retired from acting in the late 1970s and began a writing career.

Question: A character named Lance Rocke appeared in a 1970 film co-written by Russ Meyer and what other person?
Answer: Roger Ebert
St James's Palace
St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, although no longer the principal residence of the monarch, it is the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council and the London residence of several minor members of the royal family.
William Neville Hart
William Neville Hart (27 December 1741 in St James's Palace, London – 23 October 1804, Inveraray Castle, Scotland) was a British banker, politician and diplomat. He was born to Denise Gougeon, the wife of Lewis Augustus Blondeau. His mother was the Under Housekeeper or Mistress of the King's Household, a position she was to hold for more than fifty years. Denise was the sister of Esther Gougeon, the wife of Daniel Cornelius de Beaufort. Hart's father held various positions at Court including that of Gentleman Usher to King George II.

Question: William Neville Hart was from the most senior royal palace in what country?
Answer: United Kingdom
Althea Gibson
Althea Neale Gibson (August 25, 1927 – September 28, 2003) was an American tennis player and professional golfer, and one of the first Black athletes to cross the color line of international tennis. In 1956, she became the first African American to win a Grand Slam title (the French Championships). The following year she won both Wimbledon and the US Nationals (precursor of the US Open), then won both again in 1958 and was voted Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press in both years. In all, she won 11 Grand Slam tournaments: five singles titles, five doubles titles, and one mixed doubles title. Gibson was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame. "She is one of the greatest players who ever lived," said Bob Ryland, a tennis contemporary and former coach of Venus and Serena Williams. "Martina [Navratilova] couldn't touch her. I think she'd beat the Williams sisters." In the early 1960s she also became the first Black player to compete on the Women's Professional Golf Tour.
Renee Powell
Renee Powell (born May 4, 1946) is an American professional golfer who played on the US-based LPGA Tour and is currently head professional at her family's Clearview Golf Club in East Canton, Ohio. She was the second African-American woman ever to play on the LPGA Tour.
Renee Powell
The daughter of golf course entrepreneur Bill Powell, Renee grew up in Ohio and took up golf at an early age. After winning several youth amateur trophies in her teens, and captaining the women's golf teams at Ohio University and Ohio State University, she turned professional in 1967. She moved to the UK in the 1970s to further her career and joined the British PGA. In 1977, she became the first woman to compete in a men's golf tournament. Following her retirement in 1980, she appeared as a television commentator and became the head professional of the Clearview Golf Club in 1995.

Question: Renee Powell and Althea Gibson were the first two African-American female golfers on the LPGA Tour. In what other sport did Gibson win major championships?
Answer: tennis
Germans
By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians in Austrian territory. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would eventually ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. Following several wars, most notably the German war in 1866 between Austria and Prussia, with the latter being victorious, the German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 as "Little Germany" without Austria following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
Answer: The Austrian Empire