qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Vacuum
The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use. Many variations of the positive displacement pump have been developed, and many other pump designs rely on fundamentally different principles. Momentum transfer pumps, which bear some similarities to dynamic pumps used at higher pressures, can achieve much higher quality vacuums than positive displacement pumps. Entrapment pumps can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state, often with no moving parts, no seals and no vibration. None of these pumps are universal; each type has important performance limitations. They all share a difficulty in pumping low molecular weight gases, especially hydrogen, helium, and neon.

Question: What pump can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state?
Answer: Entrapment pumps
Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse
The Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse team represents the University at Albany in NCAA Division I men's college lacrosse. Albany currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games on Bob Ford Field. The team has reached the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship tournament ten times. The Great Danes are currently coached by Scott Marr.
Scott Marr
Scott Marr is an American lacrosse coach. He is currently the head coach for the University at Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse team. He previously served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Maryland and University of Delaware. Marr led the Great Danes to the school's first ever NCAA tournament appearance in 2003. In 2007, Albany won its first NCAA tournament game, and the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association named Marr the Coach of the Year.

Question: The man who previously served as the offensive coordinator at the University of Maryland and University of Delaware, is what to the  lacrosse team that represents the University at Albany in NCAA Division I men's college lacrosse?
Answer: head coach
Islip (hamlet), New York
Islip ( ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) that lies within the much larger Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York. Located on the South Shore of Long Island, the CDP had a population of 18,869 at the time of the 2010 census, a decline of 8% from the 2000 census.
Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge
Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge is located in the hamlet of Islip, New York, on the south shore of Long Island. It is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Long Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The refuge consists of 196 acre bordering the Great South Bay, separated from the Atlantic Ocean only by Fire Island. Situated in a heavily developed urban area along Champlin Creek, the refuge is an oasis for many species of migratory birds and waterfowl.

Question: Which 196 wildlife refuge is located in a hamlet on the South Shore of Long Island?
Answer: Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge
Iranian languages
The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, "direct" evidence of only two have survived. These are:

Question: What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?
Answer: linguistic diversity
Green
Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin. The new organisms that then later came to dominate the extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria.

Question: Why are many plants green?
Answer: chlorophyll
Antibiotic
In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming postulated the existence of penicillin, a molecule produced by certain molds that kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Fleming was working on a culture of disease-causing bacteria when he noticed the spores of a green mold, "Penicillium chrysogenum", in one of his culture plates. He observed that the presence of the mold killed or prevented the growth of the bacteria. Fleming postulated that the mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, which he named penicillin in 1928. Fleming believed that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. He initially characterized some of its biological properties, and attempted to use a crude preparation to treat some infections, but he was unable to pursue its further development without the aid of trained chemists.

Question: Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?
Answer: Alexander Fleming
God
Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.

Question: What is Pantheism?
Answer: God is the universe and the universe is God
Bird migration
The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as learning.

Question: How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration?
Answer: endogenous programs as well as learning
Alexander Graham Bell
His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his "The Standard Elocutionist" (1860), which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. "The Standard Elocutionist" appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone. In this treatise, his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes (as they were then known) to articulate words and read other people's lip movements to decipher meaning. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language, including Latin, Scottish Gaelic, and even Sanskrit, accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation.

Question: Bell learned to accurately read lips even without knowing what?
Answer: pronunciation
1954–55 Ashes series
The 1954–55 Ashes series between Australia and England consisted of five Test cricket matches, each of six days duration with five hours play each day and eight ball overs. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1954–55 and the English team in matches outside the Tests were styled Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). England were captained by Len Hutton, the first professional cricketer to lead an MCC tour of Australia. The Australian team under Ian Johnson were confident of victory but, despite losing the first Test by an innings, England won the series 3–1 and retained the Ashes. 
1954–55 Ashes series
England were the first touring team to win a series in Australia since 1932–33 and the last until 1970–71. They were the second of only three touring teams to win a series in Australia from behind, the other two being England in 1911–12 and the West Indies in 1992–93. The tour is best remembered for the bowling of Frank Tyson, who was at the time regarded as arguably the fastest and most frightening bowler ever seen in Australia.
Keith Miller
Keith Ross Miller, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (28 November 1919 – 11 October 2004) was an Australian Test cricketer and a Royal Australian Air Force pilot during World War II. Miller is widely regarded as Australia's greatest ever all-rounder. His ability, irreverent manner and good looks made him a crowd favourite. English journalist Ian Wooldridge called Miller "the golden boy" of cricket, leading to his being nicknamed "Nugget". He "was more than a cricketer ... he embodied the idea that there was more to life than cricket".

Question: The writer of a list of leading umpires in the 1954-55 M.C.C. tour of Australia was a crowd favorite because of what?
Answer: irreverent manner and good looks
Country Soul
Country Soul contains recordings of a prestardom Glen Campbell, which were made around 1960-1961. This album, just like the other Starday album Country Music Star No. 1, was released after Glen Campbell rose to international fame with hits like "Gentle on My Mind," "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" and "Wichita Lineman." Campbell sued against these releases but eventually settled with Starday.
By the Time I Get to Phoenix
"By the Time I Get to Phoenix" is a song written by Jimmy Webb. Originally recorded by Johnny Rivers in 1965, it was covered by American country music singer Glen Campbell on his album of the same name. Released on Capitol Records in 1967, Campbell's version topped "RPM"'s Canada Country Tracks, reached number two on "Billboard"'s Hot Country Singles chart, and won two awards at the 10th Annual Grammys. Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) named it the third most performed song from 1940 to 1990. The song was ranked number 20 on BMI's Top 100 Songs of the Century. Frank Sinatra called it "the greatest torch song ever written."

Question: Who wrote the song "By the Time I Get to Phoenix"  for which Glen Campbell rose to international fame?
Answer: Jimmy Webb
Marc Nelson
Marc K. Nelson (born January 23, 1971) is an American singer and songwriter. His mother was the late American singer Phyllis Nelson, best known for the songs "I Like You" and "Move Closer". He was an original member of Boyz II Men while still attending Philadelphia's High School of Performing Arts. However, Nelson left the group to pursue a solo career before they released their first album.
Marc Nelson
Nelson attended the Philadelphia High School for Creative and Performing Arts, in Pennsylvania. There, he and his friend Nathan Morris, joined later by Wanya Morris, Shawn Stockman, and Michael McCary, formed the singing group Unique Attraction. After hearing New Edition's song "Boys to Men" on the radio one evening, the group changed their name to Boyz II Men. In 1989, the group met Michael Bivins and began making arrangements to sign the group to a major label and begin recording. In the interim, the group encountered delays in recording their album. Nelson grew impatient and left the group and began recording his debut solo project. 
Blayse
Blayse was a short lived American R&B supergroup, which consisted of Terrell Phillips (formerly of Blackstreet), Marc Nelson and Tony Grant (formerly of Az Yet) and Gary "Lil G" Jenkins (formerly of Silk). The group name is an acronym developed by combining the names of the members' former group affiliations ("BL" from Blackstreet, "AY" from Az Yet, "S" from Silk, "E" added to denote the phrase "Everything You Could Want").

Question: Which group did former a Boyz II Men member join?
Answer: Blayse
Franco-Prussian War
On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps. But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The French cavalry, commanded by General Margueritte, launched three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Margueritte was killed leading the very first charge and the two additional charges led to nothing but heavy losses. By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III called off the attacks. The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured. The Prussians reported their losses at 2,320 killed, 5,980 wounded and 700 captured or missing. By the next day, on 2 September, Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner with 104,000 of his soldiers. It was an overwhelming victory for the Prussians, for they not only captured an entire French army, but the leader of France as well. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favour. One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion. Nevertheless, the war would continue.

Question: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?
Answer: 1 September 1870
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, and is richest in the tropics. These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 percent of earth's surface, and contain about 90 percent of the world's species. Marine biodiversity is usually highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future.

Question: What type of biodiversity happens near the equator?
Answer: Terrestrial biodiversity
Bomen, New South Wales
Bomen is a northern suburb of Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is dominated by industrial enterprises including Cargill Beef, Watties, the Wagga Wagga Livestock Marketing Centre (saleyards). The suburb is also home to Wagga Wagga's secondary (and original) railway station on the Main Southern line, when the line waited for the construction of a bridge over the Murrumbidgee River. New streets in Bomen are to be named after sheep and cattle breeds.
Cargill
Cargill, Incorporated is an American privately held global food corporation based in Minnetonka, Minnesota, and incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware. Founded in 1865, it is the largest privately held corporation in the United States in terms of revenue. If it were a public company, it would rank, as of 2015, number 15 on the Fortune 500, behind McKesson and ahead of AT&T. Cargill has frequently been the subject of criticism related to the environment, human rights, finance, and other ethical considerations.

Question: Where is the base of a corporation that has a presence in Bomen, New South Wales?
Answer: Minnetonka, Minnesota
Hellenistic period
Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BC to 63 BC. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with civil wars in Rome. The last Hasmonean ruler, Antigonus II Mattathias, was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BC. In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship, the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized. From 37 BC to 4 BC, Herod the Great ruled as a Jewish-Roman client king appointed by the Roman Senate. He considerably enlarged the Temple (see Herod's Temple), making it one of the largest religious structures in the world. The style of the enlarged temple and other Herodian architecture shows significant Hellenistic architectural influence. His son, Herod Archelaus, ruled from 4 BC to AD 6 when he was deposed for the formation of Roman Judea.

Question: Who was Antigonus II Mattathias captured by?
Answer: Herod
Colorado State University
Colorado State University (Colorado State or CSU) is a public research university in Fort Collins, Colorado. Colorado State University is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
Colorado State University
The university is the state's land grant university and the flagship university of the Colorado State University System.
The College of New Jersey
The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public university in Ewing, New Jersey. TCNJ was established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School. The institution was the first normal school in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. Originally located in Trenton proper, the college was moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change to its current name from Trenton State College.

Question: Are Colorado State University and The College of New Jersey both public universities?
Answer: yes
Irving Kahn
Irving Kahn (December 19, 1905 – February 24, 2015) was an American investor and philanthropist. He was the oldest living active investor. He was an early disciple of Benjamin Graham who popularized the value investing methodology. Kahn began his career in 1928 and continued to work until his death. He was chairman of Kahn Brothers Group, Inc., the privately owned investment advisory and broker-dealer firm that he founded with his sons, Thomas and Alan, in 1978.
Benjamin Graham
Benjamin Graham ( ; né Grossbaum; May 9, 1894 – September 21, 1976) was a British-born American economist, professor and investor. He is widely known as the "father of value investing", and wrote two of the founding texts in neoclassical investing: "Security Analysis" (1934) with David Dodd, and "The Intelligent Investor" (1949). His investment philosophy stressed investor psychology, minimal debt, buy-and-hold investing, fundamental analysis, concentrated diversification, buying within the margin of safety, activist investing, and contrarian mindsets.

Question: Who is older, Benjamin Grahm or Irving Kahn?
Answer: Benjamin Graham
Nanjing
Nanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Art Museum.

Question: What mausoleum is in Nanjing?
Answer: Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Anti-aircraft warfare
Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the British Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off from the artillery to form a separate arm of its own in 1990. This is in contrast to some (largely communist or ex-communist) countries where not only are there provisions for air defence in the army, navy and air force but there are specific branches that deal only with the air defence of territory, for example, the Soviet PVO Strany. The USSR also had a separate strategic rocket force in charge of nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Question: What military forces usually integrate air defnce as a separate arm or part of artillery?
Answer: Western and Commonwealth militaries
Homer Hickam
Homer Hadley Hickam Jr. (born February 19, 1943) is an American author, Vietnam War veteran, and a former NASA engineer who trained the first Japanese astronauts. His 1998 memoir "Rocket Boys" (also published as "October Sky") was a "New York Times" Best Seller and was the basis for the 1999 film "October Sky". Hickam's body of written work also includes several additional best-selling memoirs and novels, including the "Josh Thurlow" historical fiction novels and his 2015 best-selling "Carrying Albert Home: The Somewhat True Story of a Man, his Wife, and her Alligator". His books have been translated into many languages.
Back to the Moon
Back to the Moon is a science fiction novel and Homer Hickam's first fictional book. Published in June 1999, Hickam wrote "Back to the Moon" using insider information he learned from NASA.

Question: What is the birth date of the man who wrote Back to the Moon?
Answer: February 19, 1943
Edwards v. Aguillard
Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of teaching creationism. The Court considered a Louisiana law requiring that where evolutionary science was taught in public schools, creation science must also be taught. The constitutionality of the law was successfully challenged in District Court, Aguillard v. Treen, 634 F. Supp. 426 (ED La.1985), and the Louisiana Court of Appeals affirmed, 765 F.2d 1251 (CA5 1985). The United States Supreme Court ruled that this law violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because the law was specifically intended to advance a particular religion. It also held that "teaching a variety of scientific theories about the origins of humankind to school children might be validly done with the clear secular intent of enhancing the effectiveness of science instruction."
Chisholm v. Georgia
Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793), is considered the first United States Supreme Court case of significance and impact. Given its date, there was little available legal precedent (particularly in U.S. law). The case was superseded in 1795 by the Eleventh Amendment.

Question: Between Chisholm v. Georgia and Edwards v. Aguillard , which seminal Supreme Court case in US history found that the first amendment law was specifically intended to advance a particular religion when it was written?
Answer: Edwards v. Aguillard
Batangas State University
The Batangas State University (BatStateU; Filipino: "Pambansang Pamantasan ng Batangas") is a Level IV state university in the province of Batangas, Philippines. Established as a manual training school in 1903, Batangas State University is the oldest higher education institution in the country’s CALABARZON Region. It was converted into a state college in 1968 through RA 5270, and was renamed Pablo Borbon Memorial Institute of Technology. It was finally elevated into a state university in 2001 by virtue of RA 9045. It has 11 campuses and more than 35,000 students enrolled in over 110 undergraduate and graduate degree programs.
Batangas State University
Batangas State University was named one of the country’s model higher education institutions by the Commission on Higher Education or CHED in 2016. The university’s Electronics Engineering program is designated by CHED as a national Center of Excellence, and its Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Development Communication, and Teacher Education programs are national Centers of Development. It has ISO 9001:2015 certification from "TÜV Rheinland Philippines," Inc., and is host to the first China-Philippines Silk Road Institute in the country.
University of New South Wales
The University of New South Wales (UNSW; branded as UNSW Sydney since 2017) is an Australian public research university located in the Sydney suburb of Kensington. In 2012, UNSW recorded the highest median ATAR of any university in NSW and attracted the highest number of top-500 students from the state. Established in 1949, it is ranked fourth in Australia, 43rd in the world according to the 2020 "QS World University Rankings".

Question: Which one of these two schools, University of New South Wales and Batangas State University, was established first?
Answer: Batangas State University
Muslim world
Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes. The role of domes in Islamic architecture has been considerable. Its usage spans centuries, first appearing in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock mosque, and recurring even up until the 17th century with the Taj Mahal. And as late as the 19th century, Islamic domes had been incorporated into European architecture.

Question: What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture?
Answer: columns, piers and arches
Michael Biddulph (British Army officer)
General Sir Michael Anthony Shrapnel Biddulph {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 July 1823 – 23 July 1904) was a British Army officer who became Black Rod.
Black Rod
Black Rod (officially known as the Lady Usher of the Black Rod or, if male, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod) is an official in the parliaments of several Commonwealth countries. The position originates in the House of Lords of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Question: General Sir Michael Anthony Shrapnel Biddulph GCB (30 July 1823 – 23 July 1904) was a British Army officer who became which official in the parliaments of several Commonwealth countries, the position originates in the House of Lords of the Parliament of the United Kingdom?
Answer: Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod
SIS Building
The SIS Building or MI6 Building at Vauxhall Cross houses the headquarters of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, MI6), the United Kingdom's foreign intelligence agency. It is located at 85 Albert Embankment in Vauxhall, a south western part of central London, on the bank of the River Thames beside Vauxhall Bridge. The building has been the headquarters of the SIS since 1994.
SIS Building
The SIS had previously been based at Century House, a 22-storey office block on Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth, near Lambeth North and Waterloo stations. The location of the headquarters was classified information, though "The Daily Telegraph" reported that it was "London's worst-kept secret, known only to every taxi driver, tourist guide and KGB agent". Century House was described as "irredeemably insecure" in a 1985 National Audit Office (NAO) report with security concerns raised in a survey; the building was made largely of glass, and had a petrol station at its base. Security concerns combined with the remaining short leasehold and cost of modernising the building were important factors in moving to a new headquarters.
Morpeth Arms
The Morpeth Arms is a public house at 58 Millbank, in the Pimlico district of London. It was built in 1845 to refresh prison warders serving at the Millbank Penitentiary. 
Morpeth Arms
It now contains a Spying Room which provides a good view of the headquarters of the Secret Intelligence Service MI6 across the river Thames. The building is listed as Grade II and it is now part of the Young's estate.

Question: What is the official designation of the building visible from the Morpeth Arms in a manner enabling spying?
Answer: SIS Building or MI6 Building
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" by Roald Dahl. The film tells the story of a poor child named Charlie Bucket who, after finding a Golden Ticket in a chocolate bar, visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory along with four other children from around the world.
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Filming took place in Munich from August to November 1970. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film. The musical numbers were written by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley while Walter Scharf arranged and conducted the orchestral score.
Paris Themmen
Paris Themmen (born June 25, 1959) is an American former child actor, real estate broker, commercial casting director and entrepreneur, who is best known for his role as Mike Teavee in "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory".

Question: Who directed a 1971 American musical fantasy film staring Paris Themmen?
Answer: Mel Stuart
USB
A USB system consists of a host with one or more downstream ports, and multiple peripherals, forming a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included, allowing up to five tiers. A USB host may have multiple controllers, each with one or more ports. Up to 127 devices may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. The hub built into the host controller is called the "root hub".

Question: The design of the USB is asymmetrical in its what?
Answer: topology
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
After the Baltic states had been forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland and was confident that its capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital, Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the Soviet–Finnish Non-Aggression Pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic. The leader of the Leningrad Military District, Andrei Zhdanov, commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, "Suite on Finnish Themes", to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months and inflicted stiff losses on Soviet forces, under the command of Semyon Timoshenko, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000 although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed that the casualties may have been one million.

Question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?
Answer: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
Cyprus
Modern Greek Cypriot literary figures include the poet and writer Kostas Montis, poet Kyriakos Charalambides, poet Michalis Pasiardis, writer Nicos Nicolaides, Stylianos Atteshlis, Altheides, Loukis Akritas and Demetris Th. Gotsis. Dimitris Lipertis, Vasilis Michaelides and Pavlos Liasides are folk poets who wrote poems mainly in the Cypriot-Greek dialect. Among leading Turkish Cypriot writers are Osman Türkay, twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Özker Yaşın, Neriman Cahit, Urkiye Mine Balman, Mehmet Yaşın and Neşe Yaşın.

Question: Who is a modern Greek Cypriot writer and poet?
Answer: Kostas Montis
American Idol
Coca-Cola's archrival PepsiCo declined to sponsor "American Idol" at the show's start. What the "Los Angeles Times" later called "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation" contributed to Pepsi losing market share, by 2010 falling to third place from second in the United States. PepsiCo sponsored the American version of Cowell's "The X Factor" in hopes of not repeating its "Idol" mistake until its cancellation.

Question: In hopes of not repeating another mistake, which show did PepsiCo sponsor?
Answer: The X Factor
Uralla, New South Wales
Uralla is a town on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. The town is located at the intersection of the New England Highway and Thunderbolts Way, 465 km north of Sydney and about 23 km south west of the city of Armidale. At the 2016 census , the township of Uralla had a population of 2,388 people.
New England Highway
The New England Highway is an 878 km long highway in Australia running from Hexham at Newcastle, New South Wales at its southern end to Yarraman, north of Toowoomba, Queensland at its northern end. It is part of Australia's National Highway system, and forms part of the inland route between Brisbane and Sydney.

Question: Uralla, New South Wales is located at the intersection of Thunderbolts Way and the highway that is of what length?
Answer: 878 km
Space Race
The two nations planned a joint mission to dock the last US Apollo craft with a Soyuz, known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). To prepare, the US designed a docking module for the Apollo that was compatible with the Soviet docking system, which allowed any of their craft to dock with any other (e.g. Soyuz/Soyuz as well as Soyuz/Salyut). The module was also necessary as an airlock to allow the men to visit each other's craft, which had incompatible cabin atmospheres. The USSR used the Soyuz 16 mission in December 1974 to prepare for ASTP.

Question: ASTP stands for what?
Answer: Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Department store
David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London. Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones. When the partnership was dissolved in 1838, Jones moved his business to premises on the corner of George Street and Barrack Lane, Sydney. David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name.

Question: Where did Appleton begin a store in 1825?
Answer: Sydney
North Carolina
Spanish explorers traveling inland in the 16th century met Mississippian culture people at Joara, a regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton. Records of Hernando de Soto attested to his meeting with them in 1540. In 1567 Captain Juan Pardo led an expedition to claim the area for the Spanish colony and to establish another route to protect silver mines in Mexico. Pardo made a winter base at Joara, which he renamed "Cuenca". His expedition built Fort San Juan and left a contingent of 30 men there, while Pardo traveled further, and built and garrisoned five other forts. He returned by a different route to Santa Elena on Parris Island, South Carolina, then a center of Spanish Florida. In the spring of 1568, natives killed all but one of the soldiers and burned the six forts in the interior, including the one at Fort San Juan. Although the Spanish never returned to the interior, this effort marked the first European attempt at colonization of the interior of what became the United States. A 16th-century journal by Pardo's scribe Bandera and archaeological findings since 1986 at Joara have confirmed the settlement.

Question: In the 16th century, where did Spanish explorers meet Mississipian cultureal people?
Answer: Joara
Queen Victoria
Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.

Question: What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure? 
Answer: granting Ireland home rule
Portugal
Carvalho e Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He created one of the first appellation systems in the world by demarcating the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality; and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He ruled with a strong hand by imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class, along with a widespread review of the country's tax system. These reforms gained him enemies in the upper classes, especially among the high nobility, who despised him as a social upstart.

Question: Did de Melo impose strict laws only on one class of people?
Answer: upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class
Gateway Arch
The Gateway Arch is a 630 ft monument in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessible building. Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, and officially dedicated to "the American people," the Arch, commonly referred to as "The Gateway to the West" is the centerpiece of Gateway Arch National Park and has become an internationally recognized symbol of St. Louis, as well as a popular tourist destination.
Apotheosis of St. Louis
Apotheosis of St. Louis is a statue of King Louis IX of France, namesake of St. Louis, Missouri, located in front of the Saint Louis Art Museum in Forest Park. Part of the iconography of St. Louis, the statue was the principal symbol of the city between its erection in 1906 and the construction of the Gateway Arch in the mid-1960s.
Apotheosis of St. Louis
The bronze statue that stands in Forest Park today was donated to Forest Park by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company after the 1904 World's Fair. It is a replica of a plaster statue that stood on the concourse of the Plaza of St. Louis, near the main entrance to the fair (where the Missouri History Museum now stands). Its sculptor, Charles Henry Niehaus, offered to create a bronze version of the plaster model for $90,000. Instead, the company took a lower $37,500 bid from a local artist, W. R. Hodges. Niehaus sued the company for infringement of his intellectual property rights, and he was awarded $3,000 and "designed by C. H. Niehaus" inscribed on the pedestal. It was unveiled on October 4, 1906.

Question: How tall is this monument in St. Louis built after the Apotheosis of St. Louis, which became an international symbol for the city?
Answer: 630 ft
Southampton
Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

Question: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?
Answer: Southampton Plot
USB
When a USB device is first connected to a USB host, the USB device enumeration process is started. The enumeration starts by sending a reset signal to the USB device. The data rate of the USB device is determined during the reset signaling. After reset, the USB device's information is read by the host and the device is assigned a unique 7-bit address. If the device is supported by the host, the device drivers needed for communicating with the device are loaded and the device is set to a configured state. If the USB host is restarted, the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.

Question: What id the data rate determined during?
Answer: the reset signaling
Seattle Seahawks
The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football team based in Seattle, Washington. They compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The Seahawks joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team. Currently coached by Pete Carroll, they have played their home games at CenturyLink Field (formerly Qwest Field) in Seattle's SoDo neighborhood since 2002. They previously played home games in the Kingdome (1976–1999) and Husky Stadium (1994, 2000–2001).
Åsane Seahawks
Åsane Seahawks is the name of an American football and cheerleading team located in Åsane, Norway that competes in the Norwegian Federation of American Sports. The team borrowed its name and logo from the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League.

Question: Åsane Seahawks is an American football and cheerleading team in Norway, that borrowed their name and logo from the NFL team that joined in what year as an expansion team?
Answer: 1976
Brian Henson
Brian Henson (born November 3, 1963) is an American puppeteer, director, producer, technician, and the chairman of The Jim Henson Company. He is the son of puppeteers Jim and Jane Henson.
Metodi Andonov
Metodi Andonov ( ) (16 March 1932 – 12 April 1974) was a Bulgarian film director.

Question: Were Metodi Andonov and Brian Henson from the same country?
Answer: no
Catalan language
Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyze the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).

Question: What outside affects does this study include?
Answer: other languages in contact
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

Question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
Answer: Robin Hood
Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the 1756 French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (who was only credited in the French dub), and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau. "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. To break the curse, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal falls from an enchanted rose or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury.
Impossible Pictures (US)
Impossible Pictures (Impossible) is a Denver-based production company and creative studio. Founded by Joel Pilger in 1994 under the name Visual Approach, Inc., the company began as a 3D animation studio. Visual Approach's first project was a 3D animated broadcast show open for the Charlotte Hornets NBA team. Other early projects included a 3D show open/title sequence for Walt Disney Television's " ("sequel to "Beauty and the Beast)", a 3D animated campaign for JWT client Ford's "Year End Clearance", and a show open/title sequence for Universal Studios' (sequel to "Balto").

Question: What type of visual technique does Impossible Pictures and Beauty and the Beast have in common?
Answer: animation
Electric motor
Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing permanent magnets or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.

Question: What types of velocities and positions is the stepper motor capable of?
Answer: forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down
Robins Air Force Base
Robins Air Force Base ( ) is a major United States Air Force installation located in Houston County, Georgia, United States. The base is located just east of and adjacent to the city of Warner Robins, 18 mi south-southeast of Macon and approximately 100 mi south-southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. The base is named in honor of Brig Gen Augustine Warner Robins, the Air Force's "father of logistics".
1948 Georgia USAF Boeing B-29 crash
The 1948 Waycross B-29 crash occurred on 6 October 1948 when an engine fire contributed to the crash of a Boeing B-29-100-BW Superfortress bomber in Waycross, Georgia. The plane was from the 3150th Electronics Squadron, United States Air Force and had tail number 45-21866. The crash occurred during climb to altitude from Robins Air Force Base and killed nine of thirteen men aboard, including three RCA engineers. Four men parachuted to safety. Because the flight was a test of the "sunseeker" (a heat-seeking device later used in the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile), the Federal government asserted the state secrets privilege to avoid having to provide the NTSB accident report in a subsequent suit for damages by victims of the crash and their heirs, despite the device playing no role in the crash itself and not being referred to in the report.

Question: In which county was this air force base located where Boeing B-29-100-BW Superfortress bomber crashed and killed all men aboard, known as 1948 Waycross B-29 crash?
Answer: Houston County