qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Leičiai
Leičiai (singular: leitis) were a distinct social group of the Lithuanian society in the early Grand Duchy of Lithuania subordinate to the Lithuanian ruler or the state itself. Leičiai were native to the Lietuva Land and formed the core of the Lithuanian society in the pre-state era and during the establishment of the state. Leičiai made up the majority of the military-economic staff of the state: they enforced state authority in the periphery, protected state borders, and performed various other war-related functions, such as breeding riding horses. By the 15th and 16th centuries, leičiai were in decline, already losing some of their functions and prestige, and they disappeared as a social class after the implementation of the Wallach Reform.
History of Lithuania (1219–95)
The history of Lithuania between 1219 and 1295 concerns the establishment and early history of the first Lithuanian state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The beginning of the 13th century marks the end of the prehistory of Lithuania. From this point on the history of Lithuania is recorded in chronicles, treaties, and other written documents. In 1219, 21 Lithuanian dukes signed a peace treaty with Galicia–Volhynia. This event is widely accepted as the first proof that the Baltic tribes were uniting and consolidating. Despite continuous warfare with two Christian orders, the Livonian Order and the Teutonic Knights, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established and gained some control over the lands of Black Ruthenia, Polatsk, Minsk, and other territories east of modern-day Lithuania that had become weak and vulnerable after the collapse of Kievan Rus'.

Question: In what area were the Leičiai native to during 1219 and 1295?
Answer: Lietuva Land
Samurai
After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th "shōgun" of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was known to overrule her husband's decisions at times, and Yodo-dono, his concubine, became the "de facto" master of Osaka castle and the Toyotomi clan after Hideyoshi's death. Tachibana Ginchiyo was chosen to lead the Tachibana clan after her father's death. Chiyo, wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo, has long been considered the ideal samurai wife. According to legend, she made her kimono out of a quilted patchwork of bits of old cloth and saved pennies to buy her husband a magnificent horse, on which he rode to many victories. The fact that Chiyo (though she is better known as "Wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo") is held in such high esteem for her economic sense is illuminating in the light of the fact that she never produced an heir and the Yamauchi clan was succeeded by Kazutoyo's younger brother. The source of power for women may have been that samurai left their finances to their wives. Several women ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne as female imperial ruler (女性 天皇, josei tennō)

Question: Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa's wife?
Answer: Hino Tomiko
Hindu philosophy
Vaiśeṣika metaphysical premises are founded on a form of atomism, that reality is composed of four substances (earth, water, air, and fire). Each of these four are of two types: atomic (paramāṇu) and composite. An atom is, according to Vaiśeṣika scholars, that which is indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and has a special kind of dimension, called “small” (aṇu). A composite, in this philosophy, is defined to be anything which is divisible into atoms. Whatever human beings perceive is composite, while atoms are invisible. The Vaiśeṣikas stated that size, form, truths and everything that human beings experience as a whole is a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements, their guṇa (quality), "karma" (activity), "sāmānya" (commonness), "viśeṣa" (particularity) and "amavāya" (inherence, inseparable connectedness of everything).

Question: What form are atoms in Vaisesika?
Answer: invisible
Botany
Plant anatomy is the study of the structure of plant cells and tissues, whereas plant morphology is the study of their external form.

Question: What is the study of the inside of plants?
Answer: Plant anatomy
Special K (song)
"Special K" is a single by British alternative rock band Placebo, released on 19 March 2001 on CD and 12" vinyl, taken from their third album, "Black Market Music". The title is slang for Ketamine, and the song itself is supposed to explore "the link between drugs and love," and ""Special K" is uppers and the rush of falling in love."
Ketamine
Ketamine is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and memory loss. Other uses include sedation in intensive care and treatment of pain and depression. Heart function, breathing, and airway reflexes generally remain functional. Effects typically begin within five minutes when given by injection, and last up to approximately 25 minutes.

Question: What band sings a song whose title is slang for an anesthesia drug?
Answer: Placebo
Unicode
Unicode includes a mechanism for modifying characters that greatly extends the supported glyph repertoire. This covers the use of combining diacritical marks that may be added after the base character by the user. Multiple combining diacritics may be simultaneously applied to the same character. Unicode also contains precomposed versions of most letter/diacritic combinations in normal use. These make conversion to and from legacy encodings simpler, and allow applications to use Unicode as an internal text format without having to implement combining characters. For example, "é" can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 () followed by U+0301 (), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (). Thus, in many cases, users have multiple ways of encoding the same character. To deal with this, Unicode provides the mechanism of canonical equivalence.

Question: What combinations does unicode contain in normal use?
Answer: most letter/diacritic combinations
Franco-Prussian War
On 10 October, hostilities began between German and French republican forces near Orléans. At first, the Germans were victorious but the French drew reinforcements and defeated a Bavarian force at the Battle of Coulmiers on 9 November. After the surrender of Metz, more than 100,000 well-trained and experienced German troops joined the German 'Southern Army'. The French were forced to abandon Orléans on 4 December, and were finally defeated at the Battle of Le Mans (10–12 January) . A second French army which operated north of Paris was turned back at the Battle of Amiens (27 November), the Battle of Bapaume (3 January 1871) and the Battle of St. Quentin (13 January).

Question: On which date did hostilities between the German and French troops begin near Orleans?
Answer: 10 October
Incandescent light bulb
The gas reduces evaporation of the filament, but the fill must be chosen carefully to avoid introducing significant heat losses. For these properties, chemical inertness and high atomic or molecular weight is desirable. The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament, reducing its evaporation and allowing it to be operated at higher temperature without reducing its life (or, for operating at the same temperature, prolongs the filament life). On the other hand, the presence of the gas leads to heat loss from the filament—and therefore efficiency loss due to reduced incandescence—by heat conduction and heat convection.

Question: How do gases prevent evaporation of the filament?
Answer: The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament
Love 911
Love 911 (; lit. "Bandage" or "Band-Aid") is a 2012 South Korean film starring Go Soo and Han Hyo-joo about an unlikely romance between a dedicated firefighter with a painful past and a cold-hearted doctor who is solely focused on her career. It was released in theaters on December 19, 2012.
Jeong Gi-hun
Jeong Gi-hun (born 1974) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. Jeong made his debut with the hit dramedy film "Goodbye Mom" (2009), which received numerous nominations and awards, including Best Director for Asian New Talent Award at the 2010 Shanghai International Film Festival. His second feature, the romantic drama "Love 911" (2012), was also a box office hit.

Question: Which South Korean film director directed the 2012 romance "Love 911"
Answer: Jeong Gi-hun
Eritrea
The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the Obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 ft . Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity.

Question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?
Answer: Aksum
Dignity Health Sports Park
Dignity Health Sports Park, formerly Home Depot Center and StubHub Center, is a multiple-use sports complex located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California, that consists of the 27,000-seat Dignity Health Sports Park Soccer Stadium, the Dignity Health Sports Park Tennis Stadium, a track and field facility and a velodrome: VELO Sports Center. It is approximately 14 mi south of downtown Los Angeles and its primary tenant is the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer (MLS). The stadium is also home to the Los Angeles Wildcats of the XFL, and LA Galaxy II of USL Championship. 
MLS Cup 2014
MLS Cup 2014 was the 19th edition of the MLS Cup, the match that determined the champion of Major League Soccer's 2014 season. It is also the last MLS Cup to be held before the league's rebranding in 2015. The Western Conference Champions LA Galaxy played the Eastern Conference Champions New England Revolution. The match was held at the Galaxy's home field of the StubHub Center in Carson, California, as the Galaxy were awarded home advantage by finishing the regular season with more points than the Revolution. The Galaxy won 2–1 after Overtime, winning their fifth MLS Cup title and also sending all-time U.S. national team goal scoring leader Landon Donovan into retirement with his sixth MLS Cup crown.

Question: What sports complex was the 2014 MLS Cup match in California?
Answer: StubHub Center
A Moon Shaped Pool
A Moon Shaped Pool is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead. It was released digitally on 8 May 2016, with CD and vinyl releases in June 2016 through XL Recordings.
A Moon Shaped Pool
Radiohead recorded "A Moon Shaped Pool" in southern France with longtime producer Nigel Godrich. It features strings and choral vocals arranged by guitarist Jonny Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra. Several songs, such as "True Love Waits" and "Burn the Witch", were written years earlier. The lyrics address climate change, groupthink, and heartbreak; many critics saw them as a response to singer Thom Yorke's split from his partner Rachel Owen. The artwork was created by Yorke with longtime collaborator Stanley Donwood, who created abstract works by exposing his paintings to weather.
Burn the Witch (Radiohead song)
"Burn the Witch" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead, the lead single from their ninth studio album, "A Moon Shaped Pool" (2016). It features a string section playing with guitar plectrums, producing a percussive sound. Radiohead first worked on the song during the sessions for their fourth album, "Kid A" (2000), and developed it for over a decade.
Burn the Witch (Radiohead song)
"Burn the Witch" was released as a download on 3 May 2016 on Radiohead's website, followed by 7-inch single released exclusively in independent record stores. It was accompanied by a stop-motion animated music video that pays homage to the "Trumptonshire" series of 1960s British children's television programmes and the 1973 horror film "The Wicker Man". Critics interpreted the lyrics and video as a warning against groupthink and authoritarianism.

Question: Burn the Witch was a song from the Radiohead album that was released on which date?
Answer: 8 May 2016
Orange Is the New Black
Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, "" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, "Orange Is the New Black" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the seventh season, which was released on July 26, 2019, would be its last.
Orange Is the New Black
"Orange Is the New Black" has become Netflix's most-watched original series. It was widely acclaimed throughout its run, and has received many accolades. For its first season, the series garnered 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, winning three. A new Emmy rule in 2015 forced the series to change categories from comedy to drama. For its second season, the series received four Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, and Uzo Aduba won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. "Orange Is the New Black" is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.
Annie Golden
Annie Golden (born October 19, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She first came to prominence as the lead singer of the punk band The Shirts from 1975-1981 with whom she recorded three albums. She began her acting career as Mother in the 1977 Broadway revival of "Hair"; later taking on the role of Jeannie Ryan in the 1979 film version of the musical. Other notable film credits include "Desperately Seeking Susan" (1985), "Baby Boom" (1987), "Longtime Companion" (1989), "Strictly Business" (1991), "Prelude to a Kiss" (1992), "12 Monkeys" (1995), "The American Astronaut" (2001), "It Runs in the Family" (2003), "Adventures of Power" (2008), and "I Love You Phillip Morris" (2009).
Annie Golden
Golden is best known for portraying mute Norma Romano in the Netflix comedy-drama web television series "Orange Is the New Black" from 2013-2019. In 1985-1986 she appeared as the recurring character Tommy in "Miami Vice", and from 1989-1992 she portrayed the recurring role of Margaret O'Keefe on the sitcom "Cheers". She has appeared as a guest star on several television programs, including "American Playhouse", "Dear John", "Father Dowling Mysteries", "High Maintenance", "Law & Order", and "True Blue" among others.

Question: Annie Golden plays Norma Romano is a tv series based on a memoir by who?
Answer: Piper Kerman
Middle Ages
The medieval period is frequently caricatured as a "time of ignorance and superstition" that placed "the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity." This is a legacy from both the Renaissance and Enlightenment when scholars favourably contrasted their intellectual cultures with those of the medieval period. Renaissance scholars saw the Middle Ages as a period of decline from the high culture and civilisation of the Classical world. Enlightenment scholars saw reason as superior to faith, and thus viewed the Middle Ages as a time of ignorance and superstition.

Question: How did scholars of the Enlightenment see the Middle Ages?
Answer: as a time of ignorance and superstition
Edmund Burke
During the year following that contract, Burke founded with Dodsley the influential "Annual Register", a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the "Annual Register" is unclear. In his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the "Register" as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.

Question: The Annual Register covered international events of what type?
Answer: political
Melody Time
Melody Time (working title All in Fun) is a 1948 American hybrid musical film and the tenth theatrically released animated feature produced by Walt Disney. It was released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on May 27, 1948. Made up of seven segments set to popular music and folk music, the film is, like "Make Mine Music" before it, the popular music version of "Fantasia". "Melody Time", while not meeting the artistic accomplishments of "Fantasia", was mildly successful. It is the fifth Disney package film following "Saludos Amigos", "The Three Caballeros", "Make Mine Music", and "Fun and Fancy Free".
Old Yeller (film)
Old Yeller is a 1957 American drama film produced by Walt Disney. It stars Tommy Kirk, Dorothy McGuire, Fess Parker, and Beverly Washburn. It is about a boy and a stray dog in post-Civil War Texas. The film is based upon the 1956 Newbery Honor-winning book of the same name by Fred Gipson. Gipson also co-wrote the screenplay along with William Tunberg. The film's success led to a 1963 sequel, "Savage Sam", which was based on a 1962 book by Gipson.

Question: Which movie is older, Melody Time or Old Yeller?
Answer: Melody Time
Portugal
In the classical music domain, Portugal is represented by names as the pianists Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa, the violinists Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Suggia. Notable composers include José Vianna da Motta, Carlos Seixas, João Domingos Bomtempo, João de Sousa Carvalho, Luís de Freitas Branco and his student Joly Braga Santos, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Emmanuel Nunes and Sérgio Azevedo. Similarly, contemporary composers such as Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira have achieved some international success writing.

Question: Who are some contemporary composers from Portugal?
Answer: Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira
Tucson, Arizona
East Tucson is relatively new compared to other parts of the city, developed between the 1950s and the 1970s, with developments such as Desert Palms Park. It is generally classified as the area of the city east of Swan Road, with above-average real estate values relative to the rest of the city. The area includes urban and suburban development near the Rincon Mountains. East Tucson includes Saguaro National Park East. Tucson's "Restaurant Row" is also on the east side, along with a significant corporate and financial presence. Restaurant Row is sandwiched by three of Tucson's storied Vicinages: Harold Bell Wright Estates, named after the famous author's ranch which occupied some of that area before the depression; the Tucson Country Club (the third to bear the name Tucson Country Club), and the Dorado Country Club. Tucson's largest office building is 5151 East Broadway in east Tucson, completed in 1975. The first phases of Williams Centre, a mixed-use, master-planned development on Broadway near Craycroft Road, were opened in 1987. Park Place, a recently renovated shopping center, is also along Broadway (west of Wilmot Road).

Question: What is the boundary of East Tucson?
Answer: Swan Road
Tiki 100
Tiki-100 was a desktop home/personal computer manufactured by Tiki Data of Oslo, Norway. The computer was launched in the spring of 1984 under the original name Kontiki-100, and was first and foremost intended for the emerging educational sector, especially for primary schools. Early prototypes had 4 KB ROM, and the '100' in the machine's name was based on the total KB amount of memory.
Elektor Junior Computer
The Elektor Junior Computer was a simple 6502-based microprocessor development board published in the 1980s in the Dutch, German and later French, Spanish, British and Indian versions of "Elektor/Elektuur", in the form of a series of articles, and four books. It was developed by the German engineer Loys Nachtmann.

Question: Were both the Tiki 100 and Elektor Junior Computer developed or manufactured by European entities?
Answer: yes
Central Intelligence Agency
The CIA had different demands placed on it by the various bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global political change favorable to the US. Thus the two areas of responsibility for the CIA were covert action and covert intelligence. One of the main targets for intelligence gathering was the Soviet Union, which had also been a priority of the CIA's predecessors.

Question: What did the Department of defense want from the CIA?
Answer: military intelligence and covert action
Armenians
Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the <a hrlic</a> the <a hrrn Orthodox</a> ches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the <a hril of Chalcedon</a>.ay this church is known as the <a hrian Apostolic Church</a>,ch is a part of the <a hrtal Orthodox</a> union, not to be confused with the <a hrrn Orthodox</a> union. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin. However, the continuous upheavals, which characterized the political scenes of Armenia, made the political power move to safer places. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority. Therefore, it eventually moved to <a hria</a> he <a hrSee of Cilicia</a>.e Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly <a hrm</a> on. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as <a hrenis</a>,hough they are offended regarded as a distinct group or subgroup. The <a hrry of the Jews in Armenia</a> s back over 2,000 years. The <a hrian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> close ties to European <a hrder States</a>.er on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.

Question: What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?
Answer: Muslim
Welcome to the Jungle
"Welcome to the Jungle" is a song by American rock band Guns N' Roses, featured on their debut album, "Appetite for Destruction" (1987). It was released as the album's second single initially in the UK in September 1987 then again in October 1987 this time including the US, where it reached number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 24 on the UK Singles Chart.
Guns N' Roses
Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985. When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardist Dizzy Reed, guitarist Richard Fortus, drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese.
Guns N' Roses
Guns N' Roses' debut album, "Appetite for Destruction" (1987), reached number one on the "Billboard" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of the top 10 singles "Welcome to the Jungle", "Paradise City", and "Sweet Child o' Mine", the band's only single to reach number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide, including 18 million units in the United States, making it the country's bestselling debut album and eleventh-bestselling album. Their next studio album, "G N' R Lies" (1988), reached number two on the "Billboard" 200, sold ten million copies worldwide (including five million in the U.S.), and included the top 5 hit "Patience". "Use Your Illusion I" and "Use Your Illusion II," recorded simultaneously and released in 1991, debuted at number two and number one on the "Billboard" 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide, including 14 million units in the United States. The "Illusion" albums included the lead single "You Could Be Mine" (also featured in the film soundtrack for ""), covers of "Live and Let Die" and "Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door", and a trilogy of ballads ("Don't Cry", "November Rain", and "Estranged"), which featured notably high-budget music videos. The "Illusion" records were also supported by the extensive Use Your Illusion Tour, a world tour that lasted from 1991–1993. ""The Spaghetti Incident?"" (1993), an album of covers, was the band's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan before their initial departure.

Question: What year did the band who played "Welcome to the Jungle" signed to Geffen Records in?
Answer: 1986
Serenity (band)
Serenity is an Austrian symphonic power metal band, which was originally formed back in 2001. They became a more stable group with a consistent line-up in 2004, when it also began using more progressive and power influences than earlier. They have defined their genre with more melodic and symphonic metal elements.
War of Ages (Serenity album)
War of Ages is the fourth full-length studio album by Austrian symphonic metal band Serenity. The album was released on March 22, 2013 in Europe and sometime in March or April in North America and Asia, via Napalm Records.

Question: The Austrian band that released War of Ages in 2013 was originally formed when?
Answer: 2001
Estonia
The Estonian literature refers to literature written in the Estonian language (ca. 1 million speakers). The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. "Originates Livoniae" in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The "Liber Census Daniae" (1241) contains Estonian place and family names. Many folk tales are told to this day and some have been written down and translated to make them accessible to an international readership.

Question: What event preceded the domination of Estonia by different European powers?
Answer: the Northern Crusades
Muammar Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalizing economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were placed on the activities of the Revolutionary Committees; in March 1988, their role was narrowed by the newly created Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership to restrict their violence and judicial role, while in August 1988 Gaddafi publicly criticized them.

Question: In what year did the "Revolution within a Revolution" begin?
Answer: 1987
Northwestern University
Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Center for Quantum Devices, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center and other centers for interdisciplinary research.

Question: Where is the home of the Materials Research Center?
Answer: Northwestern
Russian language
Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well.

Question: What was the main language in Kievan Rus'?
Answer: Old East Slavic
Crystal Palace F.C. Player of the Year
The Crystal Palace Football Club Player of the Year is awarded at the end of each season. Since the inaugural award was made to John McCormick in 1972, 34 different players have won the award. Nine of these players have won the award for a second time, the most recent being Wilfried Zaha. Three players have received the award on more than two occasions, Zaha and Jim Cannon have won it three times and Julián Speroni four times. Paul Hinshelwood was the first to win the trophy in consecutive seasons, a feat since emulated by Andrew Johnson, Julián Speroni and Wilfried Zaha. Speroni and Zaha won it in three consecutive seasons. The current incumbent of the award is Jordan Ayew, who was the 2019–20 recipient.
Wilfried Zaha
Dazet Wilfried Armel Zaha (born 10 November 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Crystal Palace and the Ivory Coast national team.

Question: What national team does the winner of the 2016-17 Crystal Palace Football Club Player of the Year represent?
Answer: Ivory Coast
Houston Texans
The club first played in as an expansion team, making them the youngest franchise currently competing in the NFL. The Texans replaced the city's previous NFL franchise, the Houston Oilers who played from 1960 to 1996, which moved to Nashville and are now known as the Tennessee Titans. The team was founded and owned by Bob McNair from 1999 until his death in 2018. Following McNair's death, the majority ownership of the team went to his wife, Janice McNair.
Houston Texans
While the team mainly struggled in their first decade of play, they found success in the 2011 season, winning their first division championship and clinching their first playoff berth. The Texans have gone on to win five more AFC South championships in 2012, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019. As of the 2019 season, they are the only franchise to have never appeared in a conference championship game.
Alex Brink
Alex Brink (born June 2, 1985) is a former professional Canadian football quarterback. After playing college football at Washington State, Brink was drafted by the Houston Texans in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL Draft. 
Alex Brink
In 2010, he joined the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League. Brink has also played for the Toronto Argonauts and Montreal Alouettes.

Question: Who is the majority owner of the NFL team that drafted Alex Brink in 2008?
Answer: Bob McNair
Green
Roman Catholic and more traditional Protestant clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the color of Pentecost. Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season. Romans used green holly and evergreen as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia, which eventually evolved into a Christmas celebration. In Ireland and Scotland especially, green is used to represent Catholics, while orange is used to represent Protestantism. This is shown on the national flag of Ireland.

Question: What was worshipped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season?
Answer: evergreens
Sea Dog Brewing Company
Sea Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Bangor, Maine, USA. Sea Dog was founded by Pete Camplin, Sr. in 1993. Initially, the company comprised a 240-seat brewpub and a small kegging brewery, located in Camden, Maine. In 1995, Sea Dog moved to a new facility, comprising a 540-seat restaurant and brewpub on the banks of the Penobscot River in Bangor. The company is run under the joint ownership of Alan Pugsley and Fred Forsley, who are also the owners of the Shipyard Brewing Company, located in Portland, Maine.
Pejepscot Paper Company
The Pejepscot Paper Company is a historic mill building located off U.S. 201 in Topsham, Maine, on the banks of the Androscoggin River, across from the town of Brunswick. Built in 1868, the building is one of the oldest surviving paper mill in the state. The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 1974. The building has been restored since the fire that took out the wooden building closest to Main St (Route 201) which the original foundation is now the parking lot and can still be seen, and is now a mixed-use commercial property, housing the Sea Dog Brewing Company among other tenants.

Question: What Bangor, Maine, brewery is located in a historic mill building?
Answer: Sea Dog Brewing Company
The Stanley Brothers
The Stanley Brothers were an American bluegrass duo of singer-songwriters and musicians made up of brothers Carter Stanley (1925–1966) and Ralph Stanley (1927–2016). Ralph and Carter performed as The Stanley Brothers with their band, The Clinch Mountain Boys, from 1946 to 1966. Ralph kept the band name when he continued as a solo artist after Carter's death, from 1967 until his own death in 2016.
Carter Stanley
Carter Glen Stanley (August 27, 1925 – December 1, 1966) was a bluegrass music lead singer, songwriter, and rhythm guitar player. He formed The Stanley Brothers and The Clinch Mountain Boys band with his younger brother Ralph Stanley.
Carter Stanley
Stanley was born in Big Spraddle Creek in Dickenson County, Virginia. The son of Lucy and Lee Stanley, Carter grew up in rural southwestern Virginia. In 1946, he and his brother Ralph formed the Stanley Brothers, ultimately becoming one of the most respected and influential pioneering groups of a new genre that later came to be known as "bluegrass". Carter played guitar and sang lead while Ralph played banjo and sang with a strong, high tenor voice. Their harmonies are much admired, and many consider Carter Stanley to be one of the great natural singers in the history of country music. Carter also composed more than 100 songs, and many of them remain standards in the bluegrass genre. He had a particular knack for deceptively simple lyrics that portrayed strong emotion. His famous compositions include "White Dove" and "The Fields Have Turned Brown." His arrangement of "Man of Constant Sorrow" was popularized in the 2000 film "O Brother, Where Art Thou?" (some of his songs were published under the pseudonym "Ruby Rakes").

Question: Which of the bluegrass duo of The Stanley Brothers lived between August 27, 1925 – December 1, 1966?
Answer: Carter Stanley
Queen (band)
Between 2005 and 2006, Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour, which was the first time Queen toured since their last tour with Freddie Mercury in 1986. Taylor said: "We never thought we would tour again, Paul came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry. Paul is just such a great singer. He's not trying to be Freddie." The first leg was in Europe, the second in Japan, and the third in the US in 2006. Queen received the inaugural VH1 Rock Honors at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, on 25 May 2006. Foo Fighters paid homage, performing "Tie Your Mother Down" to open the ceremony before being joined on stage by May, Taylor, and Rodgers, who played a selection of Queen hits.

Question: Where was the first leg of Queen's mid 2000s tour with Paul Rodgers?
Answer: Europe
Estonia
Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer, and a classroom teacher programme) the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organising the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts; the largest private university is Estonian Business School.

Question: What medical fields have their bachelor's and master's levels combined into one unit?
Answer: basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry
Paris
Health care and emergency medical service in the City of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.

Question: How many people are employed at AP-HP?
Answer: 90,000
Joe Buck
Joseph Francis Buck (born April 25, 1969) is an American sportscaster and the son of sportscaster Jack Buck. He has won numerous Sports Emmy Awards for his work with Fox Sports, including his roles as lead play-by-play announcer for the network's National Football League and Major League Baseball coverage, and is a three-time recipient of the National Sportscaster of the Year award. Since 1996, he has served as the play-by-play announcer for the World Series, each year, with the exceptions of 1997 and 1999. He was the former host of "Undeniable with Joe Buck" on Audience Network.
Jack Buck
John Francis "Jack" Buck (August 21, 1924 – June 18, 2002) was an American sportscaster, best known for his work announcing Major League Baseball games of the St. Louis Cardinals. His play-by-play work earned him recognition from numerous halls of fame (Baseball, Pro Football, and Radio). He has also been inducted as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum.

Question: Joe Buck's father was best known for his work announcing Major League Baseball games of what team?
Answer: St. Louis Cardinals
Growing Pains
Growing Pains is an American television sitcom created by Neal Marlens that aired on ABC from September 24, 1985, to April 25, 1992. The show ran for seven seasons, consisting of 166 episodes.
Home with Kids
Home with Kids (; pinyin: Jiā yǒu érnǚ, literally "Home with Sons and Daughters"), is a sitcom/drama from Mainland China. There are 4 seasons of "Home with Kids", i.e. "Home with Kids 1", "Home with Kids 2", "Home with Kids 3" and "Home with Kids 4", which were released respectively in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. It is considered to be an equivalent to "Growing Pains", a US sitcom. Unlike most Chinese multi-camera sitcoms, "Home With Kids" prominently uses child actors as main roles. As a spiritual successor of China's first multi-camera sitcom, "I Love My Family", the series also reunites Song Dandan and Wen Xingyu. (Also one of Wen's final roles before his death)
Home with Kids
Xia Donghai, a director of children's drama who has divorced, returns from the U.S. with his young son Xia Yu (commonly known as "Xiǎo Yǔ") and daughter Xia Xue (also known as "Xiǎo Xuě") to start a family with a divorced woman Liu Mei, who has a son, Liu Xing, from her previous marriage. The five live happily in a flat in modern Beijing. The story is evolved around the family member's encounters to various issues in life and their attempts to cope/solve them, and most episodes involve the parents' attempts to act as a good example for their children and teach them know right from wrong. This family arrangement is atypical for modern Chinese families because of the one child per family policy.

Question: The Chinese sitcom "Home with Kids" is considered equivalent to what US sitcom that ran for seven seasons from 1985 to 1992?
Answer: Growing Pains
Charles Hutchison
Charles Hutchison (December 3, 1879 – May 30, 1949) was an American film actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in 49 films between 1914 and 1944. He also directed 33 films between 1915 and 1938. Though he directed numerous independent silent features, he is best remembered today as Pathé's leading male serial star from 1918 to 1922. In 1923 he went to Britain and made two films "Hutch Stirs 'em Up" and "Hurricane Hutch in Many Adventures" for the Ideal Film Company. He made one last serial in 1926, "Lightning Hutch", for Arrow Film Company. It was meant to be a comeback vehicle, but the production company went into bankruptcy just as it was released.
Sun Yu (director)
Sun Yu (March 21, 1900 – July 11, 1990) was a major leftist film director active in the 1930s in Shanghai. One of the core directors of the Lianhua Film Company, Sun Yu made a name for himself with a series of socially conscious dramas in the early to mid-1930s. After the Japanese invasion of China in 1937, Sun Yu made his way to the interior, where he continued to make films glorifying the war effort against the Japanese.

Question: Which of the following directors, Sun Yu and Charles Hutchison, was born first?
Answer: Charles Hutchison
Duet All Night Long
Duet All Night Long is a split EP release by Reel Big Fish and Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer. It contains six cover songs of which three are performed by each band. Rachel Minton of Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer and Aaron Barrett (or Scott Klopfenstein on the track Say Say Say) of Reel Big Fish sing the duet during the other band's tracks, hence the title of the EP.
Say Say Say
"Say Say Say" is a song written and performed by English musician Paul McCartney and American singer Michael Jackson, released in October 1983 as the lead single to McCartney's 1983 album "Pipes of Peace". Produced by George Martin, the song was recorded during production of McCartney's 1982 "Tug of War" album, about a year before the release of "The Girl Is Mine", the pair's first duet from Jackson's album "Thriller" (1982).

Question: Who also was male vocalist on a different recording of a 1983 song written and performed by Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson?
Answer: Scott Klopfenstein
J-14 (magazine)
J-14 is a monthly teenage magazine marketed at preteen and teenage girls around age 11–19. It is one of the earliest teen celebrity magazines. The magazine was among the top children's magazines in the 2012 list of "Forbes".
Awake!
Awake! is an illustrated religious magazine published every four months by Jehovah's Witnesses via the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. It is considered to be a companion magazine of "The Watchtower", and is distributed by Jehovah's Witnesses in their door-to-door ministry, with a total worldwide circulation of over 93 million copies in 225 languages per issue.

Question: Is the J-14 monthly magazine or the Awake! religious magazine a companion magazine to The Watchtower?
Answer: Awake!
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little hope either of preventing war or in the Polish Army, and it wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain to provide guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany. Stalin's adherence to the collective security line was thus purely conditional. Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided and that since the Soviet Union was so weakened by the Great Purge that it could not be a main military participant. Many military sources were at variance with the last point, especially after the Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung Army in the Manchuria. France was more anxious to find an agreement with the Soviet Union than Britain was. As a continental power, France was more willing to make concessions and more fearful of the dangers of an agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany. The contrasting attitudes partly explain why the Soviets has often been charged with playing a double game in 1939 of carrying on open negotiations for an alliance with Britain and France but secretly considering propositions from Germany.

Question: Who was afraid of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?
Answer: France
Warsaw Pact
In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, which published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 100 documents were published; 70 remained secret and unpublished. Among the documents published was the Warsaw Treaty's nuclear war plan, "Seven Days to the River Rhine" – a short, swift counter-attack capturing Austria, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands east of the Rhine, using nuclear weapons, in self-defense, after a NATO first strike. The plan originated as a 1979 field training exercise war game and metamorphosed into official Warsaw Treaty battle doctrine, until the late 1980s – which is why the Polish People's Republic was a nuclear weapons base, first, to 178, then, to 250 tactical-range rockets, though these numbers may differ. Doctrinally, as a Soviet-style (offensive) battle plan, "Seven Days to the River Rhine" gave commanders few defensive-war strategies for fighting NATO in Warsaw Treaty territory.

Question: What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike?
Answer: Seven Days to the River Rhine
1981 in chess
The major chess events of 1981 were the final match of the Candidates Tournament (between Viktor Korchnoi and Robert Hübner) and the second Karpov–Korchnoi World Chess Championship match.
Viktor Korchnoi
Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi (Russian: , ] ; 23 March 1931 – 6 June 2016) was a Soviet (before 1976) and Swiss (after 1980) chess grandmaster and writer. He is considered one of the strongest players never to have become World Chess Champion.

Question: Who was the opponent of Viktor Korchnoi in the 1981 final match on the Candidates Tournament?
Answer: Robert Hübner
Alexander Graham Bell
On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 213 m away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions.

Question: How many years after this photophone message would the first message take place over radio?
Answer: 19