qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Sumer
Some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language; they think the Sumerian language may originally have been that of the hunting and fishing peoples who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture. Reliable historical records begin much later; there are none in Sumer of any kind that have been dated before Enmebaragesi (c. 26th century BC). Juris Zarins believes the Sumerians lived along the coast of Eastern Arabia, today's Persian Gulf region, before it was flooded at the end of the Ice Age.

Question: When were the earliest historical records of Sumer?
Answer: 26th century BC
Child labour
Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education, according to ILO, is another major factor driving children to harmful labour. Children work because they have nothing better to do. Many communities, particularly rural areas where between 60–70% of child labour is prevalent, do not possess adequate school facilities. Even when schools are sometimes available, they are too far away, difficult to reach, unaffordable or the quality of education is so poor that parents wonder if going to school is really worth it.

Question: What is the main reason for children today to be in the work force?
Answer: nothing better to do
Jana Kramer
Jana Rae Kramer (born December 2, 1983) is an American country music singer and actress. She is known for her role as Alex Dupre on the television series "One Tree Hill".
Jana Kramer
Kramer began her musical career in 2012 and has released two albums: "Jana Kramer" (2012) and "Thirty One" (2015). The albums produced seven charted singles on Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay, including the top 10 hits "Why Ya Wanna" and "I Got the Boy". She competed on season 23 of "Dancing with the Stars", finishing in fourth place.
Support the Girls
Support the Girls is a 2018 American comedy film written and directed by Andrew Bujalski. It stars Regina Hall, Haley Lu Richardson, James LeGros, AJ Michalka, Dylan Gelula, Shayna McHayle, Lea DeLaria, Jana Kramer, Brooklyn Decker, Victor Isaac Perez.

Question: what role other then did Jana Kramer play other then her role as Alex Dupre on One Tree Hill
Answer: Support the Girls
Treaty
In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can purport to withdraw from any treaty at any time, and cease to abide by its terms. The question of whether this is lawful can be regarded as the success or failure to anticipate community acquiescence or enforcement, that is, how other states will react; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation.

Question: Although withdrawal from a treaty may not be possible in theory, when might it be possible anyway?
Answer: In practice
New York City
In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last Director-General of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000. Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order in the colony; however, he also earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed Church, and blocked other religious groups (including Quakers, Jews, and Lutherans) from establishing houses of worship. The Dutch West India Company would eventually attempt to ease tensions between Stuyvesant and residents of New Amsterdam.

Question: What was Peter Stuyvesant's title?
Answer: Director-General
Muammar Gaddafi
The late 1980s saw a series of liberalizing economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were placed on the activities of the Revolutionary Committees; in March 1988, their role was narrowed by the newly created Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership to restrict their violence and judicial role, while in August 1988 Gaddafi publicly criticized them.

Question: In what year was the Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership created?
Answer: 1988
Nelly Furtado
Nelly Kim Furtado {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ComIH', '4': "} ( , Portuguese: ] ; born December 2, 1978) is a Portuguese-Canadian singer-songwriter and record producer. Furtado is known for her musical versatility and reinvention, commonly associated with world music. She first gained fame with her trip hop inspired debut album, "Whoa, Nelly!" (2000), which was a critical and commercial success that spawned two top 10 singles on the "Billboard" Hot 100, "I'm Like a Bird" and "Turn Off the Light". The first of the two singles won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Furtado's introspective folk-heavy 2003 second album, "Folklore" explored her Portuguese roots. Its singles received moderate success in Europe, but the album's underperformance compared to her debut was regarded as a sophomore slump.
Nelly Furtado
Furtado's third album, "Loose" (2006), was a smash hit and became her best selling album with more than 12 million copies sold worldwide, also making it one of the best selling albums of the 2000s. Considered a radical image reinvention, Furtado continued to explore her Latin heritage while leaning heavier into hip hop. The album spawned four successful number one singles worldwide; "Promiscuous", "Maneater", "Say It Right", and "All Good Things (Come to an End)". Her Timbaland collaboration "Give It to Me" (2007) in the same era also topped the charts in the US and overseas. Furtado's critically acclaimed duet with James Morrison, "Broken Strings" also topped the charts in Europe in 2008.
Nisan Stewart
Nisan Cumming Stewart (born 31 March 1974) is a noted drummer, record producer and songwriter. Having worked with Timbaland and Missy Elliott on Missy Elliott's earlier work ("This Is Not a Test!"), he co-produced Karen Clark Sheard's 2002 album "2nd Chance", and co-produced and co-wrote the Nelly Furtado single "No Hay Igual" (from her 2006 album "Loose") with Timbaland. Stewart and Timbaland also co-wrote and produced a song on rapper Busta Rhymes's 2006 album "The Big Bang".

Question: What is the nationality of the singer who had a single co-produced by Nisan Cumming Stewart?
Answer: Portuguese-Canadian
The Blitz
Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the "Luftwaffe" was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the "Luftwaffe" attacked Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Channel convoys, ports, and RAF airfields and supporting industries. Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area. It was supposed Bomber Command, Coastal Command, and the Royal Navy could not operate under conditions of German air superiority.

Question: Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?
Answer: to gain air superiority
Boston
The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square, in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the "Boston Pilgrims" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.

Question: What was the name of Bostons first baseball team?
Answer: Red Stockings
Disney's All-Star Music Resort
Disney's All-Star Music Resort is a resort that is part of the Walt Disney World Resort. It is one of five resorts in the Value Resort category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, Disney's All-Star Movies Resort, Disney's Pop Century Resort, and Disney's Art of Animation Resort. The resort is located on the southern portion of the Walt Disney World Resort property near Disney's Animal Kingdom. Disney's All-Star Music Resort is a 1,604-room hotel featuring giant icons that pay homage to classic music genres—including Broadway show tunes, calypso, country, jazz, and rock n' roll. Disney's All-Star Music Resort was the first Disney Value Resort with family suites. As a characteristic with all Disney Value resorts, the resort features a music theme with giant novelty items such as guitars, trumpets, and drums. The resort is designated as part of the Florida Green Lodging Program.
Disney's All-Star Movies Resort
Disney's All-Star Movies Resort is a resort hotel located at the Walt Disney World Resort. It is one of five Disney Resorts in the "Value" category along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, Disney's All-Star Music Resort, Disney's Pop Century Resort, and Disney's Art of Animation Resort. The resort is located on the southern portion of the Walt Disney World property, and has a Disney Movie theme. Like all Disney Value resorts, the property is decorated with giant Disney film icons such as the Fantasia Pool; a "Mighty Ducks"-themed Duck Pond Pool; Herbie, The Love Bug; puppies from "One Hundred and One Dalmatians"; and some of the residents of Andy's Room from Pixar's "Toy Story". Like the other value resorts, the All-Star Movies has a large food court and poolside bar.

Question: Disney's All-Star Music Resort and Disney's All-Star Movies Resort are located at what resort?
Answer: Walt Disney World Resort
Ted DiBiase
Theodore Marvin DiBiase Sr. (born January 18, 1954) is an American former professional wrestler, manager, ordained minister and color commentator. He is signed with WWE working in their Legends program. DiBiase achieved championship success in a number of wrestling promotions, holding thirty titles during his professional wrestling career. He is best recalled by mainstream audiences for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), where he wrestled as "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase. IGN called DiBiase "one of the most gifted technical wrestlers to ever grace the squared-circle"; he has been named as one of the greatest villains in pro wrestling history.
The Mega Bucks
The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of "The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase and André the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase André's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. André was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and André were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and André went their separate ways and the team was dissolved.

Question: What American former professional wrestler born on January 18, 1954 was a part of The Mega Bucks wrestling tag team with Andre the Giant?
Answer: Ted DiBiase
Portugal. The Man
Portugal the Man (stylized as Portugal. The Man) is an American rock band from Wasilla, Alaska, currently residing in Portland, Oregon. The group consists of John Baldwin Gourley, Zach Carothers, Kyle O'Quin, Jason Sechrist, Eric Howk and Zoe Manville. Gourley and Carothers met and began playing music together in 2001 at Wasilla High School in Wasilla. Their first two albums, from 2006 and 2007, were released on Fearless Records.
Portugal. The Man
On April 2, 2010, the band signed to Atlantic Records. On January 28, 2018, the band won "Best Pop Duo/Group Performance" category for their biggest hit song "Feel It Still" at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards.
The Exies
The Exies were an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1997. Their name, "The Exies", is short for "The Existentialists". Their two Virgin Records releases, "Inertia" (2003) and "Head for the Door" (2004), have sold over 400,000 copies combined.

Question: Were the groups The Exies and Portugal. The Man from the same country?
Answer: yes
Religion in ancient Rome
Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as "primus inter pares" ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.

Question: What emperor tried to revive traditional religious practices?
Answer: Julian
Descriptive fallacy
The descriptive fallacy refers to reasoning which treats a speech act as a logical proposition, which would be mistaken when the meaning of the statement is not based on its truth condition. It was suggested by the British philosopher of language J. L. Austin in 1955 in the lectures now known as "How to Do Things With Words". Austin argued that performative utterances are not meaningfully evaluated as true or false but rather by other measures, which would hold that a statement such as "thank you" is not meant to describe a fact and to interpret it as such would be to commit the descriptive fallacy.
J. L. Austin
John Langshaw Austin (26 March 1911 – 8 February 1960) was a British philosopher of language and leading proponent of ordinary language philosophy, perhaps best known for developing the theory of speech acts.

Question: What is one class of speech acts described by J.L. Austin?
Answer: performative utterances
Fiji
Fiji ( ; ] ; , "Fijī"), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1100 nmi northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18300 km2 . The most outlying island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of . The capital, Suva, on Viti Levu, serves as the country's principal cruise-ship port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry—or Lautoka, where the sugar-cane industry is paramount. Due to its terrain, the interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited.
Sphaeropteris propinqua
Sphaeropteris propinqua, synonym Cyathea propinqua, is a species of tree fern native to Fiji and possibly Samoa, where it grows in wet forest. The trunk of this plant is erect and slender, growing to 10 m in height. Fronds may be bi- or tripinnate and 2–3 m long. Dull brown scales cover the dull, dark stipe of this species. The scales are minute along most of its length, becoming thick and fleshy towards the base. Sori are borne halfway between the pinnule midvein and the edge of the lobe. Indusia are present.

Question: Cyathea propinqua is a species of tree fern native to which island country in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean?
Answer: Fiji
Chinese characters
In Taiwan, which uses <raditional Chinese characters< the Ministry of Education's "Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo" ( , Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the "Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo" ( , Chart of Standard Forms of Less-Than-Common National Characters) lists another 6,341 characters. The "Chinese Standard Interchange Code" (<NS11643<—the official national encoding standard—supports 48,027 characters, while the most widely used encoding scheme, <IG-5< supports only 13,053.

Question: What supports 48,027 characters?
Answer: the official national encoding standard
United Nations Population Fund
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these goals, advocates close attention to population concerns and helps nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.

Question: What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?
Answer: policies and strategies
Rhapidophyllum
Rhapidophyllum hystrix, the needle palm, is a palm, the sole member of the genus Rhapidophyllum. It is native to coastal margins of the subtropical eastern Gulf and south Atlantic states of the United States. Endemic populations can be found from coastal southeast South Carolina, southward to Florida and west across the coastal plain of Mississippi and southern Alabama. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms in the world, and can be found growing in several areas with warm temperate climates.
Spartium
Spartium junceum, the Spanish broom, rush broom or weaver's broom, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.

Question: Are both Rhapidophyllum and Spartium flowering plants?
Answer: no
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven was the subject of "Who Governs? Democracy and Power in An American City", a very influential book in political science by preeminent Yale professor Robert A. Dahl, which includes an extensive history of the city and thorough description of its politics in the 1950s. New Haven's theocratic history is also mentioned several times by Alexis de Tocqueville in his classic volume on 19th-century American political life, "Democracy in America". New Haven was the residence of conservative thinker William F. Buckley, Jr., in 1951, when he wrote his influential "God and Man at Yale". William Lee Miller's "The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society" (1966) similarly explores the relationship between local politics in New Haven and national political movements, focusing on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and urban renewal.

Question: What famous french historian mention the city within his book Democracy in America?
Answer: Alexis de Tocqueville
Protestantism
Protestants reject the Catholic Church's doctrine that it is the one true church, believing in the "invisible church", which consists of all who profess faith in Jesus Christ. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. Individual denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. Other denominations are simply regional or ethnic expressions of the same beliefs. Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant.

Question: What other entities are also considered to be Protestant?
Answer: non-denominational groups and organizations
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame students run nine media outlets: three newspapers, a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. The "Scholastic" magazine, begun as a one-page journal in 1876, is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, "The Juggler", is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The "Dome" yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with "The Observer" published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike "Scholastic" and "The Dome", "The Observer" is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the university.
University of Notre Dame
In 1987, when some students believed that "The Observer" began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, "Common Sense" was published; it has since folded. In 2003, when other students believed that the paper had a liberal bias, they started the "Irish Rover". It is published twice a month and features regular columns from alumni and faculty in addition to coverage of campus matters. "The Observer" and the "Irish Rover" are distributed to all students. In Spring 2008 "Beyond Politics", an undergraduate journal for political science research, made its debut."

Question: How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?
Answer: twice
On the Origin of Species
Charles Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809. Both envisaged that spontaneous generation produced simple forms of life that progressively developed greater complexity, adapting to the environment by inheriting changes in adults caused by use or disuse. This process was later called Lamarckism. Lamarck thought there was an inherent progressive tendency driving organisms continuously towards greater complexity, in parallel but separate lineages with no extinction. Geoffroy contended that embryonic development recapitulated transformations of organisms in past eras when the environment acted on embryos, and that animal structures were determined by a constant plan as demonstrated by homologies. Georges Cuvier strongly disputed such ideas, holding that unrelated, fixed species showed similarities that reflected a design for functional needs. His palæontological work in the 1790s had established the reality of extinction, which he explained by local catastrophes, followed by repopulation of the affected areas by other species.

Question: Whose paleontology work in the 1790s established the reality of extinction?
Answer: Georges Cuvier
Galicia (Spain)
From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the Spanish Empire, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose privateers attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by Sir Francis Drake in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of A Coruña in 1589 by the "English Armada". Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617. At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia (the local "Cortes" or representative assembly) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.

Question: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589?
Answer: Vigo
Fabric (club)
Fabric is a nightclub in Farringdon, London, England. Founded in 1999 on Charterhouse Street opposite Smithfield Market, the club was voted World Number 1 Club in DJ Magazine's "Top 100 Clubs Poll" in 2007 and 2008 and ranked World Number 2 in 2009, 2010 and 2017.
Fabric (club)
Fabric was closed down and its licence was revoked by authorities in 2016, after two drug-related deaths at the club. Following a campaign to save the club it was permitted to be reopened with increased security and restrictions.
Cameron Leslie (businessman)
Cameron Frank Leslie (born May 1973) is a London nightclub manager. He and Keith Reilly operate Fabric, which they co-founded in 1999. In 2008 they opened a second club, Matter, at the O, which closed in summer 2010.

Question: Cameron Leslie operates the nightclub Fabric and then opened a 2nd nightclub under what name?
Answer: Matter
Ed Wynn
Isaiah Edwin Leopold (November 9, 1886 – June 19, 1966), better known as Ed Wynn, was an American actor and comedian, noted for his "Perfect Fool" comedy character, his pioneering radio show of the 1930s, and his later career as a dramatic actor.
Ninety Years Without Slumbering
"Ninety Years Without Slumbering" is episode 132 of the American television anthology series "The Twilight Zone". The title comes from the lyrics of the song "My Grandfather's Clock", which is sung or played throughout the episode as a recurring motif. As in the song, main character Sam Forstmann (played by Ed Wynn) believes his life is tied to his clock's ticking.

Question: Which American television series stars, as its main character, the American Actor and Comedian noted for his "Perfect Fool" comedy character?
Answer: The Twilight Zone
Charlie Harper (singer)
Charlie Harper (born David Charles Perez, 25 May 1944, Hackney, London) is a British singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer from the punk band UK Subs. Charlie Harper is reportedly a nephew of actor Cesar Romero.
Jarvis Cocker
Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English musician, actor and presenter. As the founder, frontman, lyricist, and sole consistent member of the band Pulp, he became a figurehead of the Britpop genre of the mid-1990s. Following Pulp's hiatus, Cocker has pursued a solo career, and for seven years he presented the BBC Radio 6 Music show "Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service".

Question: Which musician, Jarvis Cocker or Charlie Harper, is best known as the lead singer from the punk band U.K. Subs?
Answer: Charlie Harper
Dan in Real Life
Dan in Real Life is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Peter Hedges, and stars Steve Carell, Alison Pill, Juliette Binoche, Dianne Wiest, John Mahoney and Dane Cook.
John Mahoney
Charles John Mahoney (June 20, 1940 – February 4, 2018) was an English-American actor. He first became known for his roles in such films as "Moonstruck" (1987), "Eight Men Out" (1988), "Say Anything..." (1989), "Barton Fink" (1991), and "The Hudsucker Proxy" (1994). He was best known for playing Martin Crane in the American sitcom "Frasier", which aired on NBC from 1993 to 2004. He also worked as a voice actor, and was passionate about his stage work on Broadway and in Chicago theatre. He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 1986 for his performance in "The House of Blue Leaves".

Question: Dan in Real Life stars a British-American actor who also played what character on "Frasier"?
Answer: Martin Crane
Botany
Stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. Leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. Large, flat, flexible, green leaves are called foliage leaves. Gymnosperms, such as conifers, cycads, "Ginkgo", and gnetophytes are seed-producing plants with open seeds. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds. Woody plants, such as azaleas and oaks, undergo a secondary growth phase resulting in two additional types of tissues: wood (secondary xylem) and bark (secondary phloem and cork). All gymnosperms and many angiosperms are woody plants. Some plants reproduce sexually, some asexually, and some via both means.

Question: What kind of plants are gymnosperms?
Answer: woody plants
Corvallis, Oregon
Corvallis is a city in central western Oregon, United States. It is the county seat of Benton County and the principal city of the Corvallis, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Benton County. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 54,462. Its population was estimated by the Portland Research Center to be 58,856 in 2019. Corvallis is the location of Oregon State University and Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center.
Christopher Chase-Dunn
Christopher K. Chase-Dunn (born January 10, 1944, Corvallis, Oregon) is an American sociologist best known for his contributions to world-systems theory.

Question: Christopher Chase-Dunn was born in the same city as what University?
Answer: Oregon State University
The Border Surrender
The Border Surrender were an English rock band based in North London. The band members were Keith Austin (vocals and guitar), Simon Shields (vocals, guitar, bass guitar and mandolin), Johnny Manning (keyboards, melodica, glockenspiel & accordion) and Mark Austin (drums and vocals). They were signed under Smoky Carrot Records.
Florence and the Machine
Florence and the Machine (stylised as Florence + the Machine) are an English indie rock band that formed in London in 2007, consisting of vocalist Florence Welch, keyboardist Isabella Summers, guitarist Rob Ackroyd, harpist Tom Monger, and a collaboration of other musicians. The band's music received praise across the media, especially from the BBC, which played a large part in their rise to prominence by promoting Florence and the Machine as part of "BBC Introducing". At the 2009 Brit Awards they received the Brit Awards "Critics' Choice" award. The band's music is renowned for its dramatic and eccentric production, as well as Welch's powerful vocal performances.

Question: Between The Border Surrender and Florence and the Machine, which band has more core members?
Answer: The Border Surrender
Qing dynasty
Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan following the First Sino-Japanese War by the end of the century. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. The Katoor dynasty of Afghanistan also paid tribute to the Qing dynasty of China until the mid-19th century. During the Qing dynasty the Chinese claimed suzerainty over the Taghdumbash Pamir in the south-west of Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County but permitted the Mir of Hunza to administer the region in return for a tribute. Until 1937 the inhabitants paid tribute to the Mir of Hunza, who exercised control over the pastures. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798.
Qing dynasty
The Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, civil, military, and censorate, or surveillance. Each province was administered by a governor (巡撫 , "xunfu") and a provincial military commander (提督 , "tidu"). Below the province were prefectures (府 , "fu") operating under a prefect (知府 , "zhīfǔ"), followed by subprefectures under a subprefect. The lowest unit was the county, overseen by a county magistrate. The eighteen provinces are also known as "China proper". The position of viceroy or governor-general (總督 , "zongdu") was the highest rank in the provincial administration. There were eight regional viceroys in China proper, each usually took charge of two or three provinces. The Viceroy of Zhili, who was responsible for the area surrounding the capital Beijing, is usually considered as the most honorable and powerful viceroy among the eight.

Question: How many viceroys were there in China Proper?
Answer: eight
Eliot Cutler
Eliot Cutler (born July 29, 1946) is an American lawyer who was an Independent candidate in Maine's 2010 and 2014 gubernatorial races. In 2010, he placed second in a multi-way race, receiving 208,270 votes, equaling 35.9%, narrowly losing to Republican Paul LePage. In 2014 he garnered only 8.4%, placing third behind both the Democratic candidate as well as LePage, who was re-elected with 48.2% of the vote. Both times, he was claimed to be a spoiler for the Democratic candidate. Maine has since become the first state to use instant-runoff voting in its statewide elections.
Libby Mitchell
Elizabeth H. "Libby" Mitchell (born Elizabeth Anne Harrill on June 22, 1940) is an American politician from Maine. Mitchell, a Democrat, represented part of Kennebec County in the Maine Senate from 2004 to 2010. Mitchell was also the Democrats' 2010 candidate for the office of Governor of Maine. She finished in third place behind Republican Paul LePage and unenrolled attorney Eliot Cutler. She is the only woman in United States history to have been elected as both speaker of her state house of representatives and president of her state senate.

Question: What county was represented by the politician who finished behind Paul LePage and a lawyer in the Maine race for Governor in 2010?
Answer: Kennebec County
Cody Hodges
Cody Hodges (born November 20, 1982) is a philanthropist, motivational speaker, and former professional American football player, playing in the National Football League, Arena Football League, and the Arena League 2. Hodges is best known for his one season as the starting quarterback for the Texas Tech Red Raiders during the 2005 season. As a fifth year Senior, he led the nation in passing and total offense and an appearance in the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic and a 9–3 overall record. He was the 3rd straight fifth year senior to start for Mike Leach and Texas Tech and was also the second of 4 West Texas natives to take the quarterback reins in the Leach era, along with predecessor Sonny Cumbie and successors Taylor Potts and Seth Doege.
Taylor Potts
Taylor Potts (born October 13, 1987) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Texas Tech, and was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He was waived during training camp, and then signed as a free agent by the San Diego Chargers in May 2012, where he was expected to compete for the third-string quarterback position.

Question: Which quarterback born on October 13, 1987 was Cody Hodges predecessor?
Answer: Taylor Potts
Plymouth
By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, transforming the dense overcrowded and unsanitary slums of the pre-war city into a low density, dispersed suburbia. Most of the city centre shops had been destroyed and those that remained were cleared to enable a zoned reconstruction according to his plan. In 1962 the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre was constructed, an architecturally significant example of mid-twentieth century civic slab-and-tower set piece. The Plymouth City Council allowed it to fall into disrepair but it was grade II listed in 2010 by English Heritage to prevent its demolition.

Question: When was the Civic Centre built?
Answer: 1962
Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference
The Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference (WHAC) is a college athletic conference of twelve colleges and universities in the U.S. states of Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio. Founded in 1992, the conference was created as a successor group for the now-defunct NAIA District 23. The conference is a part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, and is headquartered in Livonia, Michigan.
Lourdes Gray Wolves
The Lourdes Gray Wolves, are the athletic teams of Lourdes University. Lourdes competes in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (|NAIA) Division II. They have been a member of the NAIA II since 2010. The university is a member of the Wolverine–Hoosier Athletic Conference (2011–present) and Mid-America Men's Volleyball Intercollegiate Conference (2011–present) and Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association (Division II 2013–present). Lourdes is currently fielding 18 varsity teams in 11 sports:

Question: Lourdes Gray Wolves' Athletic Conference is headquartered where?
Answer: in Livonia, Michigan
Doc Neeson
Bernard Patrick "Doc" Neeson OAM (4 January 1947 – 4 June 2014) was an Australian singer-songwriter and musician. He was the front man for the hard rock band The Angels from its formation in February 1976, through to 1999. The band then split up and reformed in 2008 after a lengthy legal battle where Doc resumed his place as front man. For the group, Neeson was the main singer-song writer and was the main driving force behind the band being propelled into stardom for a period spanning over three decades. Their top 20 studio albums on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart are "Face to Face" (June 1978), "No Exit" (June 1979), "Dark Room" (June 1980), "Night Attack" (November 1981), "Watch the Red" (May 1983), "Two Minute Warning" (November 1984) and "Howling" (October 1986). Their number-one album, "Beyond Salvation", on the ARIA Albums Chart appeared in February 1990 and was followed by another top 20 album, "Red Back Fever" (November 1991). The group's top 20 singles on the related Australian charts are "No Secrets" (1980), "Into the Heat" (1981), "Never so Live" (1981), "We Gotta Get out of This Place" (1987), "Am I Ever Gonna See Your Face Again" (live, 1988), "Let the Night Roll On" (1990) and "Dogs Are Talking" (1990).
Jang Hyun-seung
Jang Hyun-seung (; born September 3, 1989) most often credited as Hyunseung, is a South Korean singer. He is best known as a former member of the boy group Beast, under the label Cube Entertainment. With Beast, he has released singles and albums in both Korean and Japanese. Beast won the Artist of the Year (Daesang) award at the Melon Music Awards in 2011.

Question: Are both Doc Neeson and Jang Hyun-seung singers?
Answer: yes
God
Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation. However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups. Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits, humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups.

Question: What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?
Answer: gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings
May 18 (film)
May 18 (; lit. "Splendid Holiday") is a South Korean film released in 2007.
Kim Sang-kyung
Kim Sang-kyung (born December 29, 1971) is a South Korean actor. He is known for his leading roles in "Memories of Murder" (2003) and "May 18" (2007). 
Kim Sang-kyung
Two of his films directed by Hong Sang-soo, "Tale of Cinema" (2005) and "Ha Ha Ha" (2010), screened at the Cannes Film Festival. Kim has also starred in numerous television dramas, notably the period epic "King Sejong the Great" (2008) and the family comedy "What's With This Family" (2014).

Question: What is another name for the movie Kim Sang-kyung starred in during 2007?
Answer: Splendid Holiday
1st National Television Awards
The 1st National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Wembley Conference Centre on 30 August 1995 and was hosted by Eamonn Holmes.
Eamonn Holmes
Eamonn Holmes {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born 3 December 1959) is a Northern Irish journalist and broadcaster. Holmes co-presented "GMTV" for twelve years between 1993 and 2005, before presenting "Sky News Sunrise" for eleven years between 2005 and 2016. Since 2006, he has co-hosted "This Morning" with his wife Ruth Langsford on Fridays and during school holidays.

Question: The 1st National Television Awards was hosted by which journalist and broadcaster?
Answer: Eamonn Holmes
Database
Codd's paper was picked up by two people at Berkeley, Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker. They started a project known as INGRES using funding that had already been allocated for a geographical database project and student programmers to produce code. Beginning in 1973, INGRES delivered its first test products which were generally ready for widespread use in 1979. INGRES was similar to System R in a number of ways, including the use of a "language" for data access, known as QUEL. Over time, INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard.

Question: When was INGRES first tested?
Answer: 1973
Catlin Hall
Catlin Hall, also known as George Catlin Hall and Reynolds House, is a historic dormitory located on the campus of Wilkes University at Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1843, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular brick building in the Greek Revival style. It has a two-story rear wing. It was built as the Reynolds family residence and used as such into the 1950s, after which it was sold to Wilkes College in 1957. It was used as the women's residence hall and named for Wilkes-Barre native, painter George Catlin.
George Catlin
George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872) was an American painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West. Travelling to the American West five times during the 1830s, Catlin wrote about and painted portraits that depicted the life of the Plains Indians. He also researched and wrote on mouth breathing.
George Catlin
His early work included engravings, drawn from nature, of sites along the route of the Erie Canal in New York State. Several of his renderings were published in one of the first printed books to use lithography, Cadwallader D. Colden's "Memoir, Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals", published in 1825, with early images of the City of Buffalo.

Question: What historic Wilkes University dormitory is named for the first white man to depict Plains Indians in their native territory?
Answer: Catlin Hall
Mats Hummels
Mats Julian Hummels (] ; born 16 December 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national team.
Jonas Hummels
Jonas Hummels (born 5 August 1990) is a German retired footballer who played as a central defender for SpVgg Unterhaching. He is the younger brother of German international Mats Hummels, and the son of , a former footballer and manager.

Question: In what year was Jonas Hummels's older brother born?
Answer: 1988
Chihuahua (state)
During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal priests and many poor people. Hidalgo fought to protect the rights of the poor and indigenous population. He started on a march to the capital, Mexico City, but retreated back north when faced with the elite of the royal forces at the outskirts of the capital. He established a liberal government from Guadalajara, Jalisco but was soon forced to flee north by the royal forces that recaptured the city. Hidalgo attempted to reach the United States and gain American support for Mexican independence. Hidalgo reached Saltillo, Coahuila where he publicly resigned his military post and rejected a pardon offered by Viceroy Francisco Venegas in return for Hidalgo's surrender. A short time later, he and his supporters were captured by royalist Ignacio Elizondo at the Wells of Baján (Norias de Baján) on March 21, 1811 and taken to the city of Chihuahua. Hidalgo forced the Bishop of Valladolid, Manuel Abad y Queipo, to rescind the excommunication order he had circulated against him on September 24, 1810. Later, the Inquisition issued an excommunication edict on October 13, 1810 condemning Miguel Hidalgo as a seditionary, apostate, and heretic.

Question: What was the name of the town in which Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared independence?
Answer: Dolores
20 July plot
On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The name Operation Valkyrie—originally referring to part of the conspiracy—has become associated with the entire event.
20 July plot
The apparent aim of the assassination attempt was to wrest political control of Germany and its armed forces from the Nazi Party (including the SS) and to make peace with the Western Allies as soon as possible. The details of the conspirators' peace initiatives remain unknown, but they would have included unrealistic demands for the confirmation of Germany's extensive annexations of European territory. 
Carl Wentzel
Carl Wentzel-Teutschenthal (9 December 1875 – 20 December 1944) was a German farmer and agricultural contractor. He was executed at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin following the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.

Question: What was the name of the conspiracy, which Carl Wentzel-Teutschenthal participated in and got executed for?
Answer: Operation Valkyrie
Renewable energy commercialization
Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the US, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction. Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA. In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.

Question: Where is the PS20 solar power tower located?
Answer: Spain
Corynocarpus
Corynocarpus is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae and includes five species. It is native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu.
Mussaenda
Mussaenda is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to the African and Asian tropics and subtropics. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Question: Which genus contains more species, Mussaenda or Corynocarpus?
Answer: Mussaenda
Alfred North Whitehead
Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly "Process and Reality" – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.

Question: What did Whitehead first study?
Answer: mathematics