qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Northwestern University
In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively. However, some have questioned whether NU-Q can truly offer a comparable journalism program to that of its U.S. campus given Qatar's strict limits on journalistic and academic freedoms and instances of censorship. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, a private charitable institution started by former emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his wife and mother of the current emir Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. Northwestern receives about $45 million per year to operate the campus. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027–2028 academic year. As with other universities with campuses in Doha, Northwestern has received criticism for accepting money from a country with poor human rights record.

Question: What branch did Northwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar?
Answer: NU-Q
The Bluebells
The Bluebells are a Scottish indie new wave band, active between 1981 and 1986 (later briefly reforming in 1993, 2008–2009, 2011 and 2018).
Evermore (band)
Evermore are a band originally from Feilding, New Zealand, now based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The band consists of brothers Jon (guitar, vocals, album production), Peter (keyboards, bass, vocals) and Dann Hume (drums, guitar, vocals). The band have released three platinum-selling albums, "Dreams" (2004), "Real Life" (2006) and "" (2009) and a self-titled greatest hits album including three new songs. They have been nominated for seven ARIA Awards, and have won two Vodafone New Zealand Music Awards. They have won the APRA Silver Scroll songwriting award, and the Channel V Oz Artist of the Year Award.

Question: Have The Bluebells released more platinum-selling albums than Evermore?
Answer: no
Imamate in Shia doctrine
The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah initially were part of the Fatimid Ismailis and separated from them (the Fatimid Ismailis) after the death of the Fatimid Imam and Caliph al Hakim Bi Amrillah. The Shia Sevener tariqah no longer exists. Another small tariqah is the Zaidi Shias, also known as the Fivers and who do not believe in The Occultation of their last Imam.

Question: What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as?
Answer: Bohras
City of Salford
The City of Salford ( ) is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, named after its main settlement Salford. The borough extends west from Salford to include the towns of Eccles, Worsley, Swinton, Walkden, Little Hulton, and Irlam. The city has a population of 245,600, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.
Reuben Johnson
Reuben Johnson is an English actor and writer. He is known for portraying Sean in the BBC series "Prisoners' Wives", Wee Man in the feature film "Weekender" and Ashley in the feature film "Territory", which he also wrote and directed. He grew up in Salford, Greater Manchester.

Question: In what city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England did the English actor Reuben Johnson grow up?
Answer: City of Salford
Catalan language
Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has / ("boy"/"girl") and / ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has / and / .

Question: What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets?
Answer: French
Switzerland
Switzerland occupies the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe, as reflected in its four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population are German-speaking, Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: "Schweiz" ] (German); "Suisse" ] (French); "Svizzera" ] (Italian); and "Svizra" ] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, "Confoederatio Helvetica" – frequently shortened to "Helvetia" – is used instead of the four national languages.

Question: Which four main linguistic and cultural regions make up Switzerland?
Answer: German, French, Italian and Romansh
Compact disc
The pits and lands do "not" directly represent the 0's and 1's of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from either pit to land or land to pit indicates a 1, while no change indicates a series of 0's. There must be at least 2, and no more than 10 0's between each 1, which is defined by the length of the pit. This, in turn, is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the "Red Book") were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM).

Question: Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs?
Answer: Red Book
List of numbered streets in Manhattan
Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had established, named streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Some streets in that area that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River.

Question: Which Village already had streets when the grid plan was laid out?
Answer: Greenwich Village
Middle Ages
The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production. The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, aided by the spread of the horse collar, which led to the use of draught horses in place of oxen. Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system. Legumes – such as peas, beans, or lentils – were grown more widely as crops, in addition to the usual cereal crops of wheat, oats, barley, and rye.

Question: In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?
Answer: faster
Sergei Fedorov
Sergei Viktorovich Fyodorov ( ; born December 13, 1969) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player and the current general manager of CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). During his playing career, Fedorov was primarily a centre, but occasionally played as a winger or defenceman.
Fedor Fedorov (ice hockey)
Fyodor Viktorovich Fyodorov (Russian: Фёдор Викторович Фёдоров; born June 11, 1981) is a Russian former professional ice hockey forward who last played for Lada Togliatti of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Vancouver Canucks and the New York Rangers. His older brother, former NHL superstar Sergei Fedorov, is the general manager of CSKA Moscow.

Question: Fedor Fedorov is the younger brother of the retired ice hockey player who is GM of which Kontinental Hockey League team?
Answer: CSKA Moscow
John McEnroe
John Patrick McEnroe Jr. (born February 16, 1959) is an American tennis player. He was known for his shot-making artistry and volleying skills, and for confrontational on-court behavior that frequently landed him in trouble with umpires and tennis authorities.
1986 WCT Scottsdale Open – Singles
John McEnroe won the title, defeating Kevin Curren 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 in the final.

Question: The winner of the 1986 WCT Scottsdale Open – Singles title was born in what year?
Answer: 1959
Coraline (film)
Coraline is a 2009 American stop-motion animated dark fantasy horror film directed and written for the screen by Henry Selick based on the 2002 novella of the same name by Neil Gaiman. Produced by Laika as its first feature film, "Coraline" stars the voices of Dakota Fanning, Teri Hatcher, Jennifer Saunders, Dawn French, Keith David, John Hodgman, Robert Bailey Jr., and Ian McShane. The film depicts an adventurous girl named Coraline finding an idealized parallel world behind a secret door in her new home, unaware that the alternative world contains a dark and sinister secret.
Coraline (film)
The film was released in United States theaters on February 6, 2009 by Focus Features after a world premiere at the Portland International Film Festival, and received critical acclaim. The film made $16.85 million during opening weekend, ranking third at the box office, and by the end of its run had grossed over $124 million worldwide, making it the third highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time after "" and "Chicken Run". "Coraline" won Annie Awards for Best Music in an Animated Feature Production, Best Character Design in an Animated Feature Production and Best Production Design in an Animated Feature Production, and received nominations for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film.
Oliver Jones (visual effects artist)
Oliver Jones is a British special effects supervisor. Known for his works at LAIKA as a visual effects supervisor in acclaimed films such as "Coraline" (2009), "ParaNorman" (2012), and "Kubo and the Two Strings" for which he received Academy Award for Best Visual Effects nomination at 89th Academy Awards, that he shared with Steve Emerson, Brian McLean, and Brad Schiff.

Question: Oliver Jones was a special effects supervisor on what 2009 3D fantasy film?
Answer: Coraline
Ron Rivera
Ronald Eugene Rivera (born January 7, 1962), nicknamed Riverboat Ron, is an American football head coach for the Washington Football Team of the National Football League (NFL). Before becoming a coach, Rivera played college football at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was recognized as an All-American linebacker for the California Golden Bears. He was selected in the second round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears, and was a part of the 1985 team that won Super Bowl XX. He spent nine years playing for them before retiring after the 1992 season.
2013 Carolina Panthers season
The 2013 season was the Carolina Panthers' 19th in the National Football League and their third under head coach Ron Rivera. "NFL.com" ranked the Panthers' schedule as the strongest in the league, with opponents having a combined 2012 record of 138–116–2 and a winning percentage of .543.

Question: The 2013 Carolina Panthers season was its 3rd under which former player as head coach?
Answer: Ronald Eugene Rivera
Jack Kerouac
Jean-Louis Lebris de Kérouac ( , March 12, 1922 – October 21, 1969), often known as Jack Kerouac, was an American novelist of French Canadian ancestry, who, alongside William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, was a pioneer of the Beat Generation.
John Gilmore (writer)
John "Jonathan" Gilmore (July 5, 1935 - October 13, 2016) was an American author and gonzo journalist known for iconoclastic Hollywood memoirs, true crime literature and hard-boiled fiction. A motion picture, television and stage actor in Los Angeles and New York in the 1950s, his friends including James Dean and Marilyn Monroe, Gilmore has also written about his encounter with Elizabeth Short a.k.a. "The Black Dahlia" during his youth. Gilmore emerged as a writer from the Beat Generation in the '60s, influenced by Jack Kerouac and befriended by author William S. Burroughs. The publication of his true crime book "Severed: The True Story of the Black Dahlia," ushered in a cult following for the author. His manuscripts and original writings are housed in the special collections department of the Research Library of the University of California at Los Angeles.

Question: John Gilmore emerged as a writer from the Beat Generation in the '60s, influenced by a novelist born in which year ?
Answer: 1922
Emotion
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (direction model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (movement model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (action tendency model). Support for the action tendency model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the action tendency model.

Question: According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?
Answer: passive yielding
Michael Jeter
Robert Michael Jeter (August 26, 1952 – March 30, 2003) was an American character actor of film, stage, and television. His television roles included Herman Stiles on the sitcom "Evening Shade" from 1990 until 1994 and Mr. Noodle's brother, Mister Noodle on the "Elmo's World" segments of "Sesame Street" from 2000 until 2003. Jeter's film roles include "Zelig", "Tango & Cash", "The Fisher King", "", 
Michael Jeter
"Waterworld", "Air Bud", "Patch Adams", "The Green Mile", "Jurassic Park III", "Welcome to Collinwood", "Open Range", and "The Polar Express".
The Fisher King
The Fisher King is a 1991 American comedy-drama film written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Terry Gilliam. Starring Robin Williams and Jeff Bridges, with Mercedes Ruehl, Amanda Plummer, and Michael Jeter in supporting roles, the film tells the story of a radio shock jock who tries to find redemption by helping a man whose life he inadvertently shattered.

Question: The actor that played Herman Stiles on "Evening Shade" also stars with Robin Williams and Jeff Bridges in a 1991 film directed by who?
Answer: Terry Gilliam
Empiricism
The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (c. 1520 – 1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his "Dialogo della musica antica e moderna" (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was "esperienza". It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. "Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei"), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the "sine qua non" of valid rational enquiry.

Question: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?
Answer: 1591
Royal Institute of British Architects
RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.

Question: What does ARB stand for?
Answer: Architects Registration Board
East India Company
In 1634, the Mughal emperor Jahangir extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for their trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Straits of Malacca by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–1641. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and VOC entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Question: what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
Answer: 1717
Madonna
Author Lucy O'Brien opines that the impact of the sexual assault Madonna suffered in her young adult years was the motivating factor behind everything she has done, more important than the death of her mother: "It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity."

Question: Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?
Answer: Lucy O'Brien
Haugating
Haugating was a Thing in medieval Norway. Haugating served as an assembly for the regions around Vestfold and the area west of Oslofjord. It was located at Tønsberg in Vestfold, Norway. 
Thing (assembly)
A thing was a governing assembly in early Germanic society, made up of the free people of the community presided over by lawspeakers. The word appears in Old Norse, Old English, and modern Icelandic as "þing", in Middle English (as in modern English), Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old Frisian as "thing", in German and Dutch as "Ding", and in modern Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Faroese, Gutnish, and Norn as "ting", all from a reconstructed Proto-Germanic neuter "*þingą"; the word is the same as the more common English word "thing", both having at their core the basic meaning of "an assemblage, a coming together of parts"—in the one case, an "assembly" or "meeting", in the other, an "entity", "object", or "thing". The meeting-place of a thing was called a "thingstead" (Old English "þingstede") or "thingstow" (Old English "þingstōw").

Question: The "thingstead" for Hautgating was located in what city and country?
Answer: Vestfold, Norway
Allegiant Air
Allegiant Air (usually shortened to Allegiant and stylized as allegiant) is an American low-cost airline that operates scheduled and charter flights. As a major air carrier, it is the ninth-largest commercial airline in the United States.
Allegiant Air
Founded in 1997 as WestJet Express, it is wholly owned by Allegiant Travel Company, a publicly traded company with 4,000 employees and over US$2.6 billion market capitalization. The corporate headquarters are in Summerlin, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas.
Punta Gorda Airport (Florida)
Punta Gorda Airport ( ) is a public airport three miles east of Punta Gorda, in Charlotte County, Florida. It is owned by the Charlotte County Airport Authority and was formerly called Charlotte County Airport. The airport has mainly been used for general aviation, but has recently seen more scheduled airline service, with flights offered by Allegiant Air to fifty destinations. The airport is home to the Florida International Air Show, an annual event which has featured various military demonstration teams, such as the United States Navy's Flight Demonstration Squadron, the "Blue Angels"; the "U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds"; and the United States Army's "Sky Soldiers" (173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team) Cobra helicopter team.

Question: In which state is the corporate headquarters for the low-cost airline which offers numerous flights out of Punta Gorda Airport?
Answer: Nevada
Catalan language
Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is an unparalleled large bilingual European non-state linguistic community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations – if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or more recently arrived immigrant students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan.

Question: What happened in 1975-1982?
Answer: Spanish transition to democracy
Neil Gaiman
Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman ( ; born Neil Richard Gaiman, 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, nonfiction, audio theatre, and films. His works include the comic book series "The Sandman" and novels "Stardust", "American Gods", "Coraline", and "The Graveyard Book". He has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work, "The Graveyard Book" (2008). In 2013, "The Ocean at the End of the Lane" was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards.
Neil Gaiman
Gaiman's family is of Polish Jewish and other Eastern European Jewish origins. His great-grandfather emigrated from Antwerp, Belgium, to the UK before 1914 and his grandfather eventually settled in the south of England in the Hampshire city of Portsmouth and established a chain of grocery stores. Gaiman's grandfather changed his original family name of Chaiman to Gaiman. His father, David Bernard Gaiman, worked in the same chain of stores; his mother, Sheila Gaiman (née Goldman), was a pharmacist. He has two younger sisters, Claire and Lizzy.
M Is for Magic
M Is for Magic is a collection of child-friendly short fiction by Neil Gaiman.

Question: M Is for Magic is a collection written by an author who won both a Newbery and Carnegie medal for what book?
Answer: "The Graveyard Book"
Richard II of England
Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard's father, Edward, Prince of Wales, died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III. Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.
Richard II of England
During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of regency councils, influenced by Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. In contrast to his grandfather, Richard cultivated a refined atmosphere at court, in which the king was an elevated figure, with art and culture at its centre.
Richard Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton
Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton ( 1327 – 30 May 1403) was an English soldier and courtier, serving Richard II of England. He also fought under the Black Prince at the Battle of Crecy in 1346.

Question: Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton served Richard II of England who was also known by what name?
Answer: Richard of Bordeaux
Clybourn Corridor
The Clybourn Corridor is a shopping district in Lincoln Park, stretching into the Near North Side in Chicago, Illinois. It serves as the residential Northside's main shopping district and includes retailers like Apple Inc., Crate & Barrel & CB2, Eddie Bauer, Forever 21, and Sur La Table, among many others. The newly opened New City shopping center includes Dick's Sporting Goods, while also having Chicago's first ArcLight Cinemas, a Kings Bowl, and Chicago's largest Mariano's grocery store. The development also includes a sleek-looking apartment tower featuring 199 units. This is part of a continuing trend of adding apartments and condos to the corridor in an effort to stem rising prices in the surrounding area.
Sur La Table
Sur La Table, Inc. is a privately held retail company based in Seattle, Washington, that sells kitchenware products, including cookware, cutlery, cooks' tools, small electrics, tabletop and linens, bakeware, glassware and bar, housewares, food, and outdoor. As of October 2018, Sur La Table sold products in 184 stores in 32 states across the country including the District of Columbia, as well as through their website and catalogs. Cooking classes are available in over 80 stores. Sur La Table has a blog, "A Sharp Knife & Salt", that focuses on food, chefs, restaurants and products. Many of the company's stores offer culinary classes and Sur La Table plans to include a kitchen into every new store that they open. The company's corporate headquarters is located in Seattle's Georgetown neighborhood.

Question: What privately held retail company based in Seattle is in the Clybourn Corridor?
Answer: Sur La Table
Beasts of the Southern Wild
Beasts of the Southern Wild is a 2012 American drama film directed, co-written, and co-scored by Benh Zeitlin. It was adapted by Zeitlin and Lucy Alibar from Alibar's one-act play "Juicy and Delicious". It stars Quvenzhané Wallis and Dwight Henry. After playing at film festivals, it was released on June 27, 2012, in New York and Los Angeles, and later distribution was expanded.
Beasts of the Southern Wild
"Beasts of the Southern Wild" was met with commercial success and acclaim from critics, with praise going to the filmmaking and Wallis's performance. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, in the categories Best Picture, Best Director (Benh Zeitlin), Best Adapted Screenplay (Lucy Alibar, Benh Zeitlin), and Best Actress (Quvenzhané Wallis). At age 9, Wallis became the youngest Best Actress nominee in history.
Dwight Henry (actor)
Dwight Henry (born 1962) is an American actor, baker, and businessman. He is best known for his role as Wink, Hushpuppy's father, in the film "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (2012). Additionally, Henry is the founder of the Buttermilk Drop Bakery in New Orleans, which is set to expand to other locations nationwide.

Question: Beasts of The Southern Wild was directed by whom?
Answer: Benh Zeitlin
Space Race
The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the Space Race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.

Question: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?
Answer: R-7 rocket
Railway electrification system
In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Further extensions were not made owing to the First World War. Two lines opened in 1925 under the Southern Railway serving Coulsdon North and Sutton railway station. The lines were electrified at 6.7 kV 25 Hz. It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929.

Question: What was the cause of lines not being extended?
Answer: the First World War
Beer
Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today. Alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was a later addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by abbess Hildegard of Bingen.

Question: On what continent were hops first added to beer?
Answer: Europe
The Bronx
The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's third-largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.

Question: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?
Answer: western
Temple University
Temple University was founded in 1884 by Russell Conwell, a Yale-educated Boston lawyer, orator, and ordained Baptist minister, who had served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Conwell came to Pennsylvania in 1882 to lead the Grace Baptist Church while he began tutoring working class citizens late at night to accommodate their work schedules. These students, later dubbed "night owls," were taught in the basement of Conwell's Baptist Temple (hence the origin of the university's name and mascot). 
Temple University
The Grace Baptist Church quickly grew popular within the North Philadelphia area. A temporary board of trustees was created to handle the rapidly growing formalities associated with the church's programs. When the board conducted its first meeting they named Russell H. Conwell president of "The Temple College." Within the following months, Grace Baptist Church appointed a new board of trustees, printed official admissions files, and issued stock to raise funds for new teaching facilities. Regardless of whether they had the resources to support the school, Conwell's desire was “to give education to those who were unable to get it through the usual channels”.
Matt Rhule
Matthew Kenneth Rhule (born January 31, 1975) is an American football coach and former player who is the head coach of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He was formerly the head coach at Baylor University and Temple University.
Matt Rhule
Rhule grew up in New York City before his family moved to State College, Pennsylvania as a teenager. Rhule played linebacker at State College Area High School before walking on as a linebacker to Penn State. At Penn State, Rhule played four years under Joe Paterno and was a three-time Penn State Scholar-Athlete and an Academic All-Big Ten honoree in 1997. While at Penn State, Rhule earned his Bachelor's of Arts in Political Science. He earned a Master's in Educational Psychology from the University at Buffalo in 2003.

Question: In what year was the university founded where Matt Rhule coached a team to back-to-back 10-win seasons?
Answer: 1884
Translation
Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language—sometimes called "singing translation"—is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme. (Since the late 19th century, musical setting of prose and free verse has also been practiced in some art music, though popular music tends to remain conservative in its retention of stanzaic forms with or without refrains.) A rudimentary example of translating poetry for singing is church hymns, such as the German chorales translated into English by Catherine Winkworth.

Question: What type of example an be found of translating poetry for singing?
Answer: church hymns
Dutch Republic
Until the 16th century, the Low Countries—corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg—consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, most of which was under the Kingdom of France.

Question: Which counties in the Low Countries were not ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Flanders
Duke (G.I. Joe)
Duke is a fictional character from the "" toyline, comic books, and animated series. He is the G.I. Joe Team's First Sergeant, and debuted in 1983. The character is also featured in both the "" animated series and comic books. Channing Tatum portrays Duke in the 2009 live-action film, "", and the 2013 sequel "".
Channing Tatum
Channing Matthew Tatum (born April 26, 1980) is an American actor, producer, and dancer. Tatum made his film debut in the drama film "Coach Carter" (2005). His breakthrough role was in the 2006 dance film "Step Up," which introduced him to a wider audience.
Channing Tatum
Tatum is known for his leading role in "Magic Mike" (2012), and its sequel, "Magic Mike XXL" (2015) which he produced; he also starred in the action-comedy film "21 Jump Street" and its 2014 sequel, "22 Jump Street". He has also, appeared as the character Duke in the 2009 action film "" and its 2013 sequel "." He appeared in romantic films such as "Dear John" (2010) and "The Vow" (2012). His other films include "She's the Man" (2006), "The Dilemma" (2011), "White House Down" (2013), the drama "Foxcatcher" (2014), "The Hateful Eight" (2015), "Hail, Caesar!" (2016), and "Logan Lucky" (2017).

Question: Duke is a fictional character who is portrayed by an actor who made his film debut in what 2005 film?
Answer: Coach Carter
Oklahoma City
The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the city's sparsely populated far southeast portion.

Question: What is the new name for the part of the North Canadian River that resides within the city limits?
Answer: Oklahoma River
Circadian rhythm
The central oscillator generates a self-sustaining rhythm and is driven by two interacting feedback loops that are active at different times of day. The morning loop consists of CCA1 (Circadian and Clock-Associated 1) and LHY (Late Elongated Hypocotyl), which encode closely related MYB transcription factors that regulate circadian rhythms in "Arabidopsis", as well as PRR 7 and 9 (Pseudo-Response Regulators.) The evening loop consists of GI (Gigantea) and ELF4, both involved in regulation of flowering time genes. When CCA1 and LHY are overexpressed (under constant light or dark conditions), plants become arrhythmic, and mRNA signals reduce, contributing to a negative feedback loop. Gene expression of CCA1 and LHY oscillates and peaks in the early morning, whereas TOC1 gene expression oscillates and peaks in the early evening. While it was previously hypothesised that these three genes model a negative feedback loop in which over-expressed CCA1 and LHY repress TOC1 and over-expressed TOC1 is a positive regulator of CCA1 and LHY, it was shown in 2012 by Andrew Millar and others that TOC1, in fact, serves as a repressor not only of CCA1, LHY, and PRR7 and 9 in the morning loop but also of GI and ELF4 in the evening loop. This finding and further computational modeling of TOC1 gene functions and interactions suggest a reframing of the plant circadian clock as a triple negative-component repressilator model rather than the positive/negative-element feedback loop characterizing the clock in mammals.

Question: Which loop that consists of GI and ELF4 functions?
Answer: evening
Seven Years' War
Many middle and small powers in Europe, as in the previous wars, tried steering away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents. Denmark–Norway, for instance, was close to being dragged into the war on France's side when Peter III became Russian emperor and switched sides; Dano-Norwegian and Russian armies were close to ending up in battle, but the Russian emperor was deposed before war formally broke out. The Dutch Republic, a long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, and even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples-Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with the Franco-Spanish alliance, declined to join the coalition under fear of British naval power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

Question: What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia?
Answer: Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.
Mark Ricciuto
Mark Anthony Ricciuto ( ; born 8 June 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). From Waikerie, South Australia, Ricciuto started as a junior with the local Waikerie Magpies Football Club. He joined the West Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL), making his debut at the age of 16, before being recruited by Adelaide as a zone selection prior to the 1993 season.
2003 Brownlow Medal
The 2003 Brownlow Medal was the 76th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Nathan Buckley of the Collingwood Football Club, Adam Goodes of the Sydney Swans, and Mark Ricciuto of the Adelaide Football Club all won the medal by polling twenty-two votes each during the 2003 AFL season.

Question: Which Australian footballer made his debut at 16 and was a 2003 Brownlow Medal recipient?
Answer: Mark Ricciuto
Horse Creek (McKenzie River tributary)
Horse Creek is a tributary of the McKenzie River in near the unincorporated community of McKenzie Bridge in Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins in the Cascade Range in the Three Sisters Wilderness of the Willamette National Forest. Its headwaters are near the Deschutes County border and the Pacific Crest Trail. It flows generally northwest to meet the river about 65 mi upstream of the McKenzie's confluence with the Willamette River.
Cascade Range
The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as the North Cascades, and the notable volcanoes known as the High Cascades. The small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the Canadian Cascades or, locally, as the Cascade Mountains. The latter term is also sometimes used by Washington residents to refer to the Washington section of the Cascades in addition to North Cascades, the more usual U.S. term, as in North Cascades National Park. The highest peak in the range is Mount Rainier in Washington at 14411 ft .

Question: Horse Creek begins in which North American mountain range?
Answer: Cascade Range
Dave Winfield
David Mark Winfield (born October 3, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder. He is the special assistant to the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association. Over his 22-year career, he played for six teams: the San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, and Cleveland Indians. He had the winning hit in the 1992 World Series with the Blue Jays over the Atlanta Braves.
2001 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2001 followed the system in use since 1995. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two: Kirby Puckett and Dave Winfield. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and selected two people from multiple classified ballots: Bill Mazeroski and Hilton Smith.

Question: Baseball Hall of Fame balloting for 2001 elected the player who is now special assistant to the executive director of what group?
Answer: Major League Baseball Players Association
Joyce Kilmer
Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6, 1886 – July 30, 1918) was an American writer and poet mainly remembered for a short poem titled "Trees" (1913), which was published in the collection "Trees and Other Poems" in 1914. Though a prolific poet whose works celebrated the common beauty of the natural world as well as his Roman Catholic religious faith, Kilmer was also a journalist, literary critic, lecturer, and editor. At the time of his deployment to Europe during World War I, Kilmer was considered the leading American Roman Catholic poet and lecturer of his generation, whom critics often compared to British contemporaries G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936) and Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953). He enlisted in the New York National Guard and was deployed to France with the 69th Infantry Regiment (the famous "Fighting 69th") in 1917. He was killed by a sniper's bullet at the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918 at the age of 31. He was married to Aline Murray, also an accomplished poet and author, with whom he had five children.
Joyce Kilmer
While most of his works are largely unknown today, a select few of his poems remain popular and are published frequently in anthologies. Several critics—including both Kilmer's contemporaries and modern scholars—have dismissed Kilmer's work as being too simple and overly sentimental, and suggested that his style was far too traditional, even archaic. Many writers, including notably Ogden Nash, have parodied Kilmer's work and style—as attested by the many imitations of "Trees".
Manuel Puig
Juan Manuel Puig Delledonne (December 28, 1932 – July 22, 1990), commonly called Manuel Puig, was an Argentine author. Among his best-known novels are "La traición de Rita Hayworth" ("Betrayed by Rita Hayworth", 1968), "Boquitas pintadas" ("Heartbreak Tango", 1969), and "El beso de la mujer araña" ("Kiss of the Spider Woman", 1976) which was adapted into the film released in 1985, directed by the Argentine-Brazilian director Héctor Babenco; and a Broadway musical in 1993.

Question: Manuel Puig and Joyce Kilmer, are American?
Answer: no
Dave Abbruzzese
David James Abbruzzese (] ;born May 17, 1968) is an American musician who was the drummer for the American rock band Pearl Jam from 1991 to 1994. He replaced drummer Dave Krusen in 1991, shortly before the release of the band's debut album, "Ten". Abbruzzese played on the band's following records, "Vs." and "Vitalogy".
Ten (Pearl Jam album)
Ten is the debut studio album by American rock band Pearl Jam, released on August 27, 1991, through Epic Records. Following the disbanding of bassist Jeff Ament and guitarist Stone Gossard's previous group Mother Love Bone, the two recruited vocalist Eddie Vedder, guitarist Mike McCready, and drummer Dave Krusen to form Pearl Jam in 1990. Most of the songs began as instrumental jams, to which Vedder added lyrics about topics such as depression, homelessness, and abuse.

Question: Dave Abbruzzese joined Pearl Jam before the release of their album with songs focused on what kinds of topics?
Answer: depression, homelessness, and abuse
Carcassonne (board game)
Carcassonne ( ) is a tile-based German-style board game for two to five players, designed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede and published in 2000 by Hans im Glück in German and by Rio Grande Games (until 2012) and Z-Man Games (currently) in English. It received the Spiel des Jahres and the Deutscher Spiele Preis awards in 2001. 
Zombies!!!
Zombies!!! is a tile-based strategy board game for two to six players. "Zombies!!!" won the 2001 Origins Award for "Best Graphic Presentation of a Board Game", and Zombies!!! 3: Mall Walkers won 2003's Origins Award for "Best Board Game Expansion".

Question: Which game can include more players, Zombies!!! or Carcassonne?
Answer: Zombies!!!
Philadelphia
Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long, straight streets running nearly due east–west and north–south, forming a grid pattern between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers that is aligned with their courses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (new names in parentheses): Centre Square (Penn Square), Northeast Square (Franklin Square), Southeast Square (Washington Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Northwest Square (Logan Circle/Square). Center City had an estimated 183,240 residents as of 2015 , making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

Question: Who planned the central city?
Answer: Thomas Holme
Norma Nolan
Norma Beatriz Nolan (born 22 April 1938) is an Argentine beauty queen who was the first woman from Argentina to win the Miss Universe title. Nolan is of Irish and Italian descent. She was crowned Miss Argentina in 1962 by her predecessor, Adriana Gardiazábal, who was the second runner-up in the previous pageant.
Miss Universe 1963
Miss Universe 1963, the 12th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 20 July 1963 at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, United States. Iêda Maria Vargas of Brazil was crowned the winner by outgoing titleholder Norma Nolan of Argentina. This marks the first time that a Miss Universe titleholder marks the same placement as the 1962 World Cup champion. Fifty countries and territories participated.

Question: Miss Universe 1963 included an outgoing titleholder of a beauty queen who won the title in what city?
Answer: Miami Beach, Florida
Steel Dawn
Steel Dawn is a 1987 American post-apocalyptic science fiction action film directed by Lance Hool and starring Patrick Swayze and Lisa Niemi. The working title of the film, which mixes the genres of science fiction and western, was "Desert Warrior."
Steel Dawn
Nomad (Patrick Swayze), a swordsman, wanders through the desert in a post-World War III world. He searches for his mentor's killer, the assassin Sho (Christopher Neame). In the past, Nomad had a position of privilege as a soldier of the elite guard. Nomad's family were killed and this continues to torture him. Nomad encounters a group of settlers in the town of Meridian. Damnil (Anthony Zerbe), a local landowner, and his gang are attacking the town to gain a monopoly on the local water supply. Nomad stays at a local farm owned by the widow Kasha (Lisa Niemi). She has a son, Jux, who quickly endears himself to Nomad. Kasha reveals to Nomad that she has a source of pure water under her land and plans to eventually irrigate the whole valley.
Lisa Niemi
Lisa Anne DePrisco (born May 26, 1956) also known by her stage name, Lisa Niemi, is an American writer, director, actress and dancer. She is the widow of actor, singer, and dancer Patrick Swayze. They were married for 34 years, from June 12, 1975 until his death on September 14, 2009.

Question: How long was the marriage of the couple who starred in the movie  Steel Dawn?
Answer: 34 years