qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
ASCII
Many of the non-alphanumeric characters were positioned to correspond to their shifted position on typewriters; an important subtlety is that these were based on "mechanical" typewriters, not "electric" typewriters. Mechanical typewriters followed the standard set by the Remington No. 2 (1878), the first typewriter with a shift key, and the shifted values of codice_1 were codice_2 early typewriters omitted "0" and "1", using "O" (capital letter "o") and "l" (lowercase letter "L") instead, but codice_3 and codice_4 pairs became standard once 0 and 1 became common. Thus, in ASCII codice_5 were placed in the second stick, positions 1–5, corresponding to the digits 1–5 in the adjacent stick. The parentheses could not correspond to "9" and "0", however, because the place corresponding to "0" was taken by the space character. This was accommodated by removing codice_6 (underscore) from "6" and shifting the remaining characters, which corresponded to many European typewriters that placed the parentheses with "8" and "9". This discrepancy from typewriters led to bit-paired keyboards, notably the Teletype Model 33, which used the left-shifted layout corresponding to ASCII, not to traditional mechanical typewriters. Electric typewriters, notably the IBM Selectric (1961), used a somewhat different layout that has become standard on computers following the IBM PC (1981), especially Model M (1984) and thus shift values for symbols on modern keyboards do not correspond as closely to the ASCII table as earlier keyboards did. The codice_7 pair also dates to the No. 2, and the codice_8 pairs were used on some keyboards (others, including the No. 2, did not shift codice_9 (comma) or codice_10 (full stop) so they could be used in uppercase without unshifting). However, ASCII split the codice_11 pair (dating to No. 2), and rearranged mathematical symbols (varied conventions, commonly codice_12) to codice_13.

Question: Do shift values for symbols on modern keyboards correspond closely to the ASCII table?
Answer: do not correspond as closely
Everton F.C.
Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League Championship. In 1966 the club won the FA Cup with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time was unable to overcome West Bromwich Albion at Wembley. Two seasons later in 1969–70, Everton won the League Championship, finishing nine points clear of nearest rivals Leeds United. During this period, Everton was the first English club to achieve five consecutive years in European competitions – covering the seasons from 1961–62 to 1966–67.

Question: In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion?
Answer: Wembley
Chihuahua (state)
Under threat from the conservative forces, Governor Terrazas was deposed, and the state legislature proclaimed martial law in the state in April 1864 and established Jesús José Casavantes as the new governor. In response, José María Patoni decided to march to Chihuahua with presidential support. Meanwhile, Maximilian von Habsburg, a younger brother of the Emperor of Austria, was proclaimed Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico on April 10, 1864 with the backing of Napoleon III and a group of Mexican conservatives. Before President Benito Juárez was forced to flee, Congress granted him an emergency extension of his presidency, which would go into effect in 1865 when his term expired, and last until 1867. At the same time, the state liberals and conservatives compromised to allow the popular Ángel Trías take the governorship; by this time the French forces had taken control over the central portions of the country and were making preparations to invade the northern states.

Question: Who was established as the new governor?
Answer: Jesús José Casavantes
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story "Three Players of a Summer Game;" he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955. One of Williams's more famous works and his personal favorite, the play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955. Set in the "plantation home in the Mississippi Delta" of Big Daddy Pollitt, a wealthy cotton tycoon, the play examines the relationships among members of Big Daddy's family, primarily between his son Brick and Maggie the "Cat", Brick's wife.
Steve Weston
Steve Weston (1940 – May 12, 1985) was a Canadian television and theatre actor. He is best known to Canadian audiences from his stint as the husband in the sitcom "The Trouble With Tracy", and as a series regular on the sketch comedy series "Bizarre". However, he was also an accomplished stage actor and once played the role of Gooper Pollitt in a Toronto production of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof".

Question: Steve Weston, was a Canadian television and theatre actor, he was also an accomplished stage actor and once played the role of who, in a Toronto production of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof"?
Answer: Gooper Pollitt
Robert Browning
Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.
Robert Schumann in Three Pieces
Robert Schumann in Three Pieces is the collective title given to three works, composed for the "Avenue A" ensemble by the British composer, Matthew King. Together, they constitute a musical portrait of the German Romantic composer, Robert Schumann. The first piece, entitled "Ash on the Ground" is a passacaglia in which various compositions by Schumann are quoted; the second piece, entitled "Love in a Life" has a soprano soloist, and is a miniature song cycle to texts by Robert Schumann himself, along with poems by Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. It has been described, by one critic, as "rich and sumptuous, with some spine-tingling moments" the third piece, entitled "Night Phantoms and Rocking Horses" is a rapid musical survey of Schumann's piano music at a furious galloping tempo. The work ends with fragments of celeste and percussion sounding like a wound-down music box.

Question: Robert Schumann in Three Pieces contains poems by which English master of dramatic monologue?
Answer: Robert Browning
Police
Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralised, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.

Question: Whose philosophy influenced Peel?
Answer: Jeremy Bentham
Damn Good Dog
Damn Good Dog is a 2004 documentary film detailing the history of the Uga dynasty, which was produced by Nowhere Productions, directed by Erica McCarthy. "Damn Good Dog" is a full-length movie about the life and times of Uga, the mascot of the University of Georgia Bulldogs and Nation's Most Famous College Mascot (according to "Sports Illustrated"). Larry Munson stars as the voice of Uga. The documentary also features appearances by Herschel Walker, Sonny Seiler, John Berendt, The Lady Chablis, and many more. The movie was released in 2004.
Uga (mascot)
Uga ( ) is the official live mascot of the University of Georgia Bulldogs. Since 1956, every Uga has been owned by and have lived with the Seiler family Sonny Seiler.

Question: Who owns the lineage of dogs in which Damn Good Dog is a documentary about?
Answer: Sonny Seiler
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. With a standard atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. Non-remnant stars are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. The most common isotope of hydrogen, termed "protium" (name rarely used, symbol H), has one proton and no neutrons.

Question: What is hydrogens chemical symbol?
Answer: H
Who's That Chick?
"Who's That Chick?" is a song by French DJ David Guetta from the reissue of his fourth studio album "One Love" (2009), entitled "One More Love" (2010). The song features guest vocals by Barbadian singer Rihanna and was written by Guetta, Kinda "Kee" Hamid, Patrick Leonard, Madonna, Frédéric Riesterer, and Giorgio Tuinfort. It was released internationally as the second single on 22 November 2010 as a digital single, and was also released as a CD single and an Extended play (EP), the latter of which was released in the United States and contained remixes of the song.
Phresh Out the Runway
"Phresh Out the Runway" (also known as "Fresh Off the Runway") is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna for her seventh studio album "Unapologetic" (2012). It was co-written by Rihanna with French disc-jockey David Guetta, Giorgio Tuinfort and Terius Nash. It is the first time that Rihanna and Guetta had collaborated since "Who's That Chick?", released in November 2010. "Phresh Out the Runway" is a hip hop and rave song that contains heavy synthesizers and bass. Lyrically, Rihanna explains how if any of her crew does not respect her, they should no longer remain with her.

Question: "Phresh Out the Runway", is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna for her seventh studio album, and was the first time that Rihanna and Guetta had collaborated since which song by French DJ David Guetta from the reissue of his fourth studio album "One Love" (2009)?
Answer: Who's That Chick?
Black people
Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film "Skin", which won numerous awards. During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.

Question: Who was oppressed and discriminated against?
Answer: those classed as "Coloured"
William Gaddis
William Thomas Gaddis, Jr. (December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist.
William Gaddis
The first and longest of his five novels, "The Recognitions", was named one of TIME magazine's 100 best novels from 1923 to 2005
Lyudmila Ulitskaya
Lyudmila Evgenyevna Ulitskaya ( , born February 21, 1943) is an internationally acclaimed modern Russian novelist and short-story writer who, in 2014, was awarded the prestigious Austrian State Prize for European Literature for her oeuvre. In 2006 she published "Daniel Stein, Interpreter" (Даниэль Штайн, переводчик), a novel dealing with the Holocaust and the need for reconciliation between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Ulitskaya herself belongs to a group of people formed by the realities of the former Soviet Union, who see themselves ethnically and culturally as Jews, while having adopted Christianity as their religion.

Question: Who published a book most recently, William Gaddis or Lyudmila Ulitskaya?
Answer: Lyudmila Evgenyevna Ulitskaya
YouTube
An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube, and concluded that while the system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible. The use of Content ID to remove material automatically has led to controversy in some cases, as the videos have not been checked by a human for fair use. If a YouTube user disagrees with a decision by Content ID, it is possible to fill in a form disputing the decision. Prior to 2016, videos were not monetized until the dispute was resolved. Since April 2016, videos continue to be monetized while the dispute is in progress, and the money goes to whoever won the dispute. Should the uploader want to monetize the video again, they may remove the disputed audio in the "Video Manager". YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length.

Question: As of 2010 what is the maximum length of a video a user can upload given the proper authority?
Answer: unlimited
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) ( ) is a United States Air Force base and census-designated place just east of Dayton, Ohio, in Greene and Montgomery counties. It includes both Wright and Patterson Fields, which were originally Wilbur Wright Field and Fairfield Aviation General Supply Depot. Patterson Field is approximately 10 mi northeast of Dayton; Wright Field is approximately 5 mi northeast of Dayton.
Osborn, Ohio
Osborn was a town located near the Haddix Road-Ohio 235 intersection at the northern edge of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in what is now the flood-prone basin of the Huffman Dam in the U.S. state of Ohio.

Question: The USAF base that includes Wright and Patterson fields, and the site of the abandoned town of Osborn, are in which American state?
Answer: Ohio
Coal Creek War
The Coal Creek War was an early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County, Tennessee. This labor conflict ignited during 1891 when coal mine owners in the Coal Creek watershed began to remove and replace their company-employed, private coal miners then on the payroll with convict laborers leased out by the Tennessee state prison system.
John P. Buchanan
John Price Buchanan (October 24, 1847May 14, 1930) was an American politician and farmers' advocate. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893, and was president of the Tennessee Farmers' Alliance and Laborers' Union in the late 1880s. Buchanan's lone term as governor was largely marred by the Coal Creek War, an armed uprising by coal miners aimed at ending the state's convict lease system.

Question: Which Tennessee county was primary location of the armed uprising that marred John Price Buchanan's term as Governor?  
Answer: Anderson County
The Girl Next Door (2004 film)
The Girl Next Door is a 2004 American romantic comedy film about a high school senior who falls in love for the first time with the girl next door, but finds the situation becoming complicated after he learns that she is a former pornographic actress. It stars Emile Hirsch, Elisha Cuthbert, Timothy Olyphant, James Remar, Chris Marquette and Paul Dano and is directed by Luke Greenfield. Despite mixed reviews and low theatrical attendance at the time it has gained the status of a cult classic over the years.
Chris Marquette
Chris Marquette (born Christopher George Rodriguez; October 3, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in such films as "The Tic Code", "Freddy vs. Jason", "The Girl Next Door", "Just Friends", "Alpha Dog" and "Fanboys".

Question: What movie did Chris Marquette act in?
Answer: The Girl Next Door
Internet Cat Video Festival
The Internet Cat Video Festival was a national competition that celebrates cat videos on the internet. Many of these festivals include appearances by special guests and celebricats (such as Grumpy Cat and the creator of Nyan Cat), live music, costume contests, art projects, and booths hosting local animal resource nonprofits. The 2013 Minneapolis show featured a cat sculpture made out of butter.
Grumpy Cat
Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012 – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American Internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism. She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. Lolcats and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images are made from photographs of her.

Question: What is the name of this cat internet celebrity, born in 2012, who made an appearance at the Internet Cat Video Festival?
Answer: Grumpy Cat
Ku Hye-sun
Ku Hye-sun (Korean: 구혜선; born November 9, 1984) is a South Korean actress, singer-songwriter, director and artist. She gained widespread recognition in the television dramas "Pure in Heart" (2006), "The King And I" (2007), "Boys Over Flowers" (2009), "Take Care of Us, Captain" (2012), "Angel Eyes" (2014) and "Blood" (2015).
The Musical (TV series)
The Musical () is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Ku Hye-sun, Choi Daniel, Park Ki-woong, Ock Joo-hyun and Kim Eun-se. It aired on SBS from September 2 to December 23, 2011 on Fridays at 22:00 for 15 episodes.

Question: Who starred in The Musical?
Answer: South Korean actress
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest celebrities, his indirect association with political insurrection, his high-profile love-life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity.

Question: In which era was Frédéric leave a legacy of as a leading symbol?
Answer: Romantic era
Scott Eastwood
Scott Eastwood (born Scott Clinton Reeves; March 21, 1986) is an American actor and model. His father is actor and filmmaker Clint Eastwood. His notable films are "Flags of Our Fathers" (2006), "Gran Torino" (2008), "Invictus" (2009), "The Forger" (2012), "Trouble with the Curve" (2012), "Texas Chainsaw" (2013), "Fury" (2014), "The Perfect Wave" (2014), "The Longest Ride" (2015), "Mercury Plains" (2016), "Suicide Squad" (2016), "Snowden" (2016), "Walk of Fame" (2017), "The Fate of the Furious" (2017), "Overdrive" (2017), and "" (2018).
Scott Eastwood
Eastwood was born Scott Clinton Reeves on March 21, 1986 at the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey, California. He is the son of actor-director Clint Eastwood and flight attendant Jacelyn Reeves. He has a younger sister named Kathryn who was born two years after him in 1988, and six known paternal half-siblings: Laurie (b. 1954), Kimber (b. 1964), Kyle (b. 1968), Alison (b. 1972), Francesca (b. 1993) and Morgan (b. 1996). Eastwood was raised in Carmel-by-the-Sea until age ten, after which he moved with his mother to Hawaii. He spent four years in Hawaii before returning to California, where he graduated from Carmel High School. He attended Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, where he graduated with a communications degree in 2008.
Trouble with the Curve
Trouble with the Curve is a 2012 American sports drama film directed by Robert Lorenz and starring Clint Eastwood, Amy Adams, Justin Timberlake, Matthew Lillard, and John Goodman. The film revolves around an aging baseball scout whose daughter joins him on a scouting trip. Filming began in March 2012, and the film was released on September 21, 2012.

Question: Scott Eastwood has appeared in what 2012 sports-drama film that also starred Amy Adams and Justin Timberlake?
Answer: Trouble with the Curve
Age of Enlightenment
Jonathan Israel rejects the attempts of postmodern and Marxian historians to understand the revolutionary ideas of the period purely as by-products of social and economic transformations. He instead focuses on the history of ideas in the period from 1650 to the end of the 18th century and claims that it was the ideas themselves that caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th century and the early 19th century. Israel argues that until the 1650s Western civilization "was based on a largely shared core of faith, tradition and authority".

Question: What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on?
Answer: 1650 to the end of the 18th century
Max Perutz
Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin. He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979. At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes. Perutz's contributions to molecular biology in Cambridge are documented in "The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 (1870 to 1990)" published by the Cambridge University Press in 1992.
Robin Perutz
Robin Perutz FRS (born December 1949, in Cambridge) is a professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of York, where he was formerly head of department between 2000 and 2004. He is also the son of the Nobel Prize winner Max Perutz.

Question: Where was Max Perutz, an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, a professor who is also the father of Robin Perutz
Answer: University of York
Huixian
Huixian () is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xinxiang, in the northwest of Henan province, China, bordering Shanxi province to the northwest.
Yumen City
Yumen (, literally, "Jade Gate,") is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812 (2002 est.), and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city" (a multi-county administrative unit). It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.

Question: Which city is more populous, Yumen City or Huixian?
Answer: Yumen
Asphalt
Asphalt emulsions are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal is a mixture of asphalt emulsion and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth, and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.

Question: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?
Answer: recycled
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest celebrities, his indirect association with political insurrection, his high-profile love-life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity.

Question: Chopin is closely associated with what era?
Answer: Romantic era
Adolescence
Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex

Question: Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?
Answer: not
Heian period
Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger "shōen" and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early Heian period, the "shōen" had obtained legal status, and the large religious establishments sought clear titles in perpetuity, waiver of taxes, and immunity from government inspection of the "shōen" they held. Those people who worked the land found it advantageous to transfer title to "shōen" holders in return for a share of the harvest. People and lands were increasingly beyond central control and taxation, a "de facto" return to conditions before the Taika Reform.

Question: Farm laborers traded titles to shoen holders in exchange for what?
Answer: a share of the harvest
The Departed
The Departed is a 2006 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film "Infernal Affairs". "The Departed" stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles.
William Monahan
William J. Monahan (born November 3, 1960) is an American screenwriter and novelist. His second produced screenplay was "The Departed", a film that earned him a Writers Guild of America Award and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Question: william J. Monahan's second produced screenplay was a remake of what film?
Answer: "Infernal Affairs"
Frank Zappa
Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American multi-instrumentalist musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and "musique concrète" works, and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his era.
Jeff Simmons (musician)
Jeff Simmons (born May 21, 1949 in Seattle, Washington) is an American rock musician best known as a former member of Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention.

Question: Who was born earlier, Jeff Simmons or Frank Zappa?
Answer: Frank Vincent Zappa
Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars settled Hungary around 900 under King Árpád (d. c. 907) after a series of invasions in the 9th century. The papacy, long attached to an ideology of independence from secular kings, first asserted its claim to temporal authority over the entire Christian world; the Papal Monarchy reached its apogee in the early 13th century under the pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198–1216). Northern Crusades and the advance of Christian kingdoms and military orders into previously pagan regions in the Baltic and Finnic north-east brought the forced assimilation of numerous native peoples into European culture.

Question: Along with France and Spain, the kings of what country consolidated power in the High Middle Ages?
Answer: England
Gene
Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes. Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.

Question: What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells?
Answer: horizontal gene transfer
Umbrella (song)
"Umbrella" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her third studio album "Good Girl Gone Bad" (2007). It features American rapper Jay-Z, who co-wrote the song with its producers Tricky Stewart and Kuk Harrell, with additional writing from The-Dream. The song was originally written with Britney Spears in mind, but her label rejected it. "Umbrella" is a pop, hip hop and R&B song with rock elements, referring to a romantic and platonic relationship and the strength of that relationship.
Unfold (Marié Digby album)
Unfold is the debut solo album by singer/songwriter Marié Digby. The album features the singles "Umbrella" (a cover of the Rihanna hit), "Say It Again" and "Stupid for You", and was released on April 8, 2008 in the United States via Hollywood Records. The album debuted at #29 on the Billboard 200 with 18,000 copies sold in its first week.

Question: Which American rapper co-wrote a song featured on the album unfold?
Answer: Jay-Z
The Island (2005 film)
The Island is a 2005 American science fiction action thriller film directed and co-produced by Michael Bay. It stars Ewan McGregor, Scarlett Johansson, Djimon Hounsou, Sean Bean, Michael Clarke Duncan and Steve Buscemi. The film is about Lincoln Six Echo (McGregor), who struggles to fit into the highly structured world in which he lives, isolated in a compound, and the series of events that unfold when he questions how truthful that world is. After Lincoln learns the compound inhabitants are clones used for organ harvesting as well as surrogates for wealthy people in the outside world, he attempts to escape with Jordan Two Delta (Johansson) and expose the illegal cloning movement.
The Island (2005 film)
"The Island" cost $126 million to produce. The original score was composed by Steve Jablonsky, who would go on to score Bay's further works. It opened on July 22, 2005, to mixed reviews, earning $36 million at the United States box office and $127 million overseas for a $162 million worldwide total.
Mitzi Martin
Mitzi Martin (born December 27, 1967) is an American actress and model, most notable for her roles in the films "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man", "Joe Dirt", "Dude, Where's My Car?", and "The Island". Her likeness and image were also used for the character Cate Archer in the computer game "No One Lives Forever".
Mitzi Martin
Martin first came to prominence as a fashion model. Early in her career, she was signed to top agencies such as Marilyn Models in Paris, the now defunct Bethann Models in New York, and Elite Models Los Angeles. Martin has appeared in advertisements for Finesse Shampoo, L'oreal, Laise Adzer, Cutex, 000.1 studio by Ferre, and LA Eyeworks. She has also graced numerous magazine covers including Elle Spain, Vogue Germany, Elle Netherlands, Flare Magazine, Model, Moda Magazine, Estetica, and Harper's Bazaar. She is currently represented by Heffner Model Management in Seattle.

Question: What is the release date of this 2005 American science fiction-thriller film that featured Mitzi Martin?
Answer: July 22, 2005
Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation
Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation ( ) was a Russian educational institution founded by Peter the Great in 1701. Situated in the Sukharev Tower, it provided Russians with technical education for the first time and much of its curriculum was devoted to producing sailors, engineers, cartographers and bombardiers to support Peter's expanding navy and army. It is the forerunner of the modern system of technical education of Russia. In 1712, Artillery classes and Engineering classes were moved to Saint Petersburg to found the Engineering school and Artillery school. Abram Petrovich Gannibal was the first chief of engineering school. In 1715 Navigator classes were moved to Saint Petersburg to found the Marine academy. The school closed in 1752.
Abram Petrovich Gannibal
Abram Petrovich Gannibal, also Hannibal or Ganibal, or Abram Hannibal or Abram Petrov ( ; 1696 – 14 May 1781), was a Russian military engineer, general, and nobleman of African origin. Kidnapped as a child, Gannibal was taken to Russia and presented as a gift to Peter the Great, where he was freed, adopted and raised in the Emperor's court household as his godson.
Abram Petrovich Gannibal
Gannibal eventually rose to become a prominent member of the imperial court in the reign of Peter's daughter Elizabeth. He had 11 children, most of whom became members of the Russian nobility; he was a great-grandfather of the author and poet Alexander Pushkin.

Question: In what year was the first chief of the engineering school founded by the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation born?
Answer: 1696
Max Frisch
Max Rudolf Frisch (15 May 1911 – 4 April 1991) was a Swiss playwright and novelist. Frisch's works focused on problems of identity, individuality, responsibility, morality, and political commitment. The use of irony is a significant feature of his post-war output. Frisch was one of the founders of Gruppe Olten. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1986.
Geoffrey Skelton
Geoffrey David Skelton (1916–1998) was a British author and translator. He specialized in German music, writing biographies of Richard Wagner, Cosima Wagner, Wieland Wagner and Paul Hindemith. He also translated numerous plays by leading German-language writers such as Bertolt Brecht, Max Frisch and Peter Weiss.

Question: Geoffrey David Skelton (1916–1998) was a British author and translator, he translated numerous plays by leading German-language writers such as Max Rudolf Frisch, was a playwright and novelist, of which nationality?
Answer: Swiss
History of India
In 1905, Lord Curzon split the large province of Bengal into a largely Hindu western half and "Eastern Bengal and Assam", a largely Muslim eastern half. The British goal was said to be for efficient administration but the people of Bengal were outraged at the apparent "divide and rule" strategy. It also marked the beginning of the organised anti-colonial movement. When the Liberal party in Britain came to power in 1906, he was removed. Bengal was reunified in 1911. The new Viceroy Gilbert Minto and the new Secretary of State for India John Morley consulted with Congress leaders on political reforms. The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 provided for Indian membership of the provincial executive councils as well as the Viceroy's executive council. The Imperial Legislative Council was enlarged from 25 to 60 members and separate communal representation for Muslims was established in a dramatic step towards representative and responsible government. Several socio-religious organisations came into being at that time. Muslims set up the All India Muslim League in 1906. It was not a mass party but was designed to protect the interests of the aristocratic Muslims. It was internally divided by conflicting loyalties to Islam, the British, and India, and by distrust of Hindus. The Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) sought to represent Hindu interests though the latter always claimed it to be a "cultural" organisation. Sikhs founded the Shiromani Akali Dal in 1920. However, the largest and oldest political party Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, attempted to keep a distance from the socio-religious movements and identity politics.

Question: What movement did the division of Bengal start?
Answer: anti-colonial
Gotham (season 4)
The fourth season of the American television series "Gotham", based on characters from DC Comics related to the Batman franchise, revolves around the characters of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne. The season is produced by Primrose Hill Productions, DC Entertainment, and Warner Bros. Television, with Bruno Heller, Danny Cannon, and John Stephens serving as executive producers. The season was inspired and adapted elements from the comic book storylines of "", "", and "". The subtitle for the season is "A Dark Knight".
The Fear Reaper
"The Fear Reaper" is the second episode of the fourth season and 68th episode overall from the Fox series "Gotham". The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology. The episode was written by executive producer Danny Cannon and directed by Louis Shaw Milito. It was first broadcast on September 28, 2017.

Question: "A Dark Knight: The Fear Reaper" is the second episode of the fourth season, of the American television series "Gotham", based on characters, from which company?
Answer: DC Comics
Great Moreton Hall
Great Moreton Hall is a former country house in Moreton cum Alcumlow near Congleton, in Cheshire, England, less than a mile (1.6 km) from its better-known near namesake Little Moreton Hall. Designed by Edward Blore, it was built in 1841 by Manchester businessman George Holland Ackers, to replace a large timber-framed building that had been the home of the Bellot family since 1602. The house is designed in the style of a Palladian villa, except that the Great Hall is one of a number of rooms off a large central space, rather than being at the centre of the building. Great Moreton Hall is built in two storeys, interspersed with three and four-storey towers. The service wing to the left of and adjoining the main part of the building is slightly lower than the rest of the structure. 
Congleton
Congleton is a town and civil parish in Cheshire, England, on the River Dane, 21 mi south of Manchester and west of the Macclesfield Canal. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 26,482.

Question: What town near Great Moreton Hall is the ceremonial county of Cheshire England?
Answer: Congleton
Portugal
In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global maritime and commercial empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of what would become Brazil (1500). During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, divided the world into hemispheres of dominion with Castile, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822) erased to a great extent Portugal's prior opulence.

Question: What age did Portugal pioneer?
Answer: Age of Discovery
Andrea DeShong
Andrea DeShong (born March 16, 1962) is a former United States female boxer who is best remembered for defeating Christy Martin in Martin's fourth professional bout.
Christy Martin (boxer)
Christy Renea Martin (born June 12, 1968) is a former American world champion boxer and currently the CEO of Christy Martin Promotions.

Question: Who is older, Andrea DeShong or Christy Martin?
Answer: Andrea DeShong
Rob Roy (dog)
Rob Roy (1922–1928) was a white male collie owned by Calvin Coolidge. Coolidge's favorite pet, he was acquired by Grace Coolidge in 1922 after she became enamored with collies, having seen one of the breed perform in a circus. He later lived with the family in the White House.
Grace Coolidge
Grace Anna Coolidge ("née" Goodhue; January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957) was the wife of the 30th President of the United States, Calvin Coolidge. She was the First Lady of the United States from 1923 to 1929 and the Second Lady of the United States from 1921 to 1923. She graduated from the University of Vermont in 1902 with a bachelor of arts degree in teaching and joined the Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech in Northampton, Massachusetts, to teach deaf children to communicate by lip reading, rather than by signing. She met Calvin Coolidge in 1904, and the two were married the following year.

Question: What is the birthdate of this wife of the 30th President of the United States, whose favorite pet Rob Roy was acquired in 1922?
Answer: January 3, 1879
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature, and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled "The Little Princesses" in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

Question: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?
Answer: governess
Westminster Abbey
Between 1042 and 1052, King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was completed around 1060 and was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later, he was buried in the church; and, nine years later, his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.

Question: Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?
Answer: King Edward the Confessor
Pub
The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales.

Question: Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?
Answer: Wales
Magnapop
Magnapop is an American rock band based in Atlanta, Georgia. Formed in 1989, the band has consistently included songwriting duo Linda Hopper as vocalist and Ruthie Morris on guitar. Magnapop first achieved recognition in the Benelux countries of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg through the festival circuit and have remained popular in Europe throughout their career. After modest success in the United States in the mid-1990s with the singles "Slowly, Slowly" and "Open the Door" and a series of albums produced by Michael Stipe, Bob Mould, and Geza X, the band went on an extended hiatus due to the dissolution of their record label. They returned with a new rhythm section in 2005 on the Daemon Records release "Mouthfeel". The band has continued to perform and record since this reunion and have self-released two more albums. Magnapop's musical style is noted for blending the pop vocals and melodies of Hopper with the aggressive, punk-influenced guitar-playing of Morris and her back-up vocal harmonies.
The Psychedelic Furs
The Psychedelic Furs are a British new wave band founded in London in February 1977. Led by singer Richard Butler and his brother Tim Butler on bass guitar, the Psychedelic Furs are one of the many acts spawned from the British post-punk scene. Their music went through several phases, from an initially austere art rock sound, to later touching on new wave and hard rock.

Question: Are Magnapop and The Psychedelic Furs both from England?
Answer: no
Pain
In 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain. Descartes's work, along with Avicenna's, prefigured the 19th-century development of specificity theory. Specificity theory saw pain as "a specific sensation, with its own sensory apparatus independent of touch and other senses". Another theory that came to prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries was intensive theory, which conceived of pain not as a unique sensory modality, but an emotional state produced by stronger than normal stimuli such as intense light, pressure or temperature. By the mid-1890s, specificity was backed mostly by physiologists and physicians, and the intensive theory was mostly backed by psychologists. However, after a series of clinical observations by Henry Head and experiments by Max von Frey, the psychologists migrated to specificity almost en masse, and by century's end, most textbooks on physiology and psychology were presenting pain specificity as fact.

Question: When was Descartes pontificating about his theories regarding pain?
Answer: 1644
Runnin' from tha Police
"Runnin' from tha Police" (originally known as "Runnin'") is a 1995 song by rapper Tupac Shakur, featuring The Notorious B.I.G., Stretch, and Dramacydal. The song is significant, being one of very few compositions 2Pac and The Notorious B.I.G. created together, as later hostility arose between the two rappers, ending all possible collaborations and inciting the East-West Coast Rivalry. The song, originally slated to appear on Thug Life's 1994 debut album, "", and 2Pac's 1995 album, "Me Against The World", was scrapped both times due to varying controversies. It was later finally featured on the 1995 "One Million Strong" compilation album. The song charted at #81, #57 and #13 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks & Hot Rap Singles charts, respectively, in 1997.
East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry
The East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry was a feud between artists and fans of the East Coast hip hop and West Coast hip hop scenes in the United States, especially from the mid-1990s. Focal points of the feud were East Coast–based rapper The Notorious B.I.G. (and his New York–based label, Bad Boy Records), and West Coast–based rapper Tupac Shakur (and Suge Knight's Los Angeles–based label, Death Row Records, which he was part of), who were both murdered in drive-by shootings. Orlando Anderson (a.k.a. Baby Lane) has been accused of the murder of Shakur, but he himself was shot dead in the spring of 1998. The person responsible for the murder of The Notorious B.I.G. remains unknown.
East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry
In 1991, angry at record companies' rejections of East Coast artists and the growing popularity of West Coast hip hop, Bronx rapper Tim Dog decided to voice his anger on the notorious diss track "Fuck Compton". It contained shots at the LA rap scene, although he explicitly stated that he was "cool with Ice-T". The music video featured violent threats aimed at Eazy-E. There were several responses from numerous West Coast artists, including the "Fuck wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin')" which featured Snoop Doggy Dogg dissing Tim Dog (as well as Eazy-E and others), and a separate skit, "$20 Sack Pyramid". Both featured on Dr. Dre's "The Chronic" album. Compton's Most Wanted responded with "Who's Fucking Who?"

Question: Which rapper sings Runnin' From tha Police, a 1995 song, which was one of very few compostions done jointly due to a feud between artists and fans of the East Coast hip hop and West Coast hip hop scenes in the United States?
Answer: Tupac Shakur
BeiDou
The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, in 2010, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:

Question: Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?
Answer: Chen Fangyun and his colleagues