qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ( ; ] ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. The unit of frequency, cycle per second, was named the "hertz" in his honor.
History of quantum mechanics
The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. Quantum mechanics' history, as it interlaces with the history of quantum chemistry, began essentially with a number of different scientific discoveries: the 1838 discovery of cathode rays by Michael Faraday; the 1859–60 winter statement of the black-body radiation problem by Gustav Kirchhoff; the 1877 suggestion by Ludwig Boltzmann that the energy states of a physical system could be "discrete"; the discovery of the photoelectric effect by Heinrich Hertz in 1887; and the 1900 quantum hypothesis by Max Planck that any energy-radiating atomic system can theoretically be divided into a number of discrete "energy elements" "ε" (Greek letter epsilon) such that each of these energy elements is proportional to the frequency "ν" with which each of them individually radiate energy, as defined by the following formula:

Question: What German born physicist discovered the photoelectric effect in1887?
Answer: Heinrich Hertz
Claude Simon
Claude Simon (] ; 10 October 1913 – 6 July 2005) was a French novelist, and the 1985 Nobel Laureate in Literature.
Paul Valéry
Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (] ; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years.

Question: Claude Simon and Paul Valéry, are in which mutual industry?
Answer: Literature
Luxottica
Luxottica Group S.p.A. is an Italian eyewear conglomerate and the world's largest company in the eyewear industry. It is based in Milan, Italy.
Pearle Vision
It was founded in 1961 by Stanley Pearle, an optometrist in Savannah, Georgia, United States. In 1971, Pearle purchased a 17-store optical chain owned by Robert Hillman and Larry Kohan; together, Hillman and Kohan stayed on and helped to expand Pearle Vision nationwide.In the 1970's the chain was owned by GD Searle Pharmaceutical, not Stanley Pearle who was a founding father and board member. 
Pearle Vision
Stanley Pearle sold his stores to the United Kingdom conglomerate Grand Metropolitan in 1985. Grand Met expanded Pearle Vision to more than 1,000 locations worldwide by 1990, but profits became elusive. In 1996, Grand Met sold the Pearle stores in the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico to Cole National Corporation, which operated optical departments inside such retail stores as Sears, BJ's Wholesale Club and Target. In 1997 Cole National bought the 150-store NuVision chain in Michigan and converted them to the Pearle Vision name. The Belgian stores were sold to GIB in Belgium and the Dutch stores to HAL Investments in the Netherlands. HAL Investments bought the Belgian stores 1 year later from GIB and merged both chains into Pearle Benelux.

Question: Pearle Vision stores in North America are owned by a company based in what European city?
Answer: Milan, Italy
Electric motor
When used with a load that has a torque curve that increases with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque. Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the load and motor torque are equal. Operated in this manner, the slip losses are dissipated in the secondary resistors and can be very significant. The speed regulation and net efficiency is also very poor.

Question: What will a motor do if the load is reduced?
Answer: speed up
Mexico City
The "Papalote children's museum", which houses the world's largest dome screen, is located in the wooded park of Chapultepec, near the "Museo Tecnológico", and "La Feria" amusement park. The theme park "Six Flags México" (the largest amusement park in Latin America) is located in the Ajusco neighborhood, in Tlalpan borough, southern Mexico City. During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square.

Question: What is the largest amusement park in Latin America?
Answer: Six Flags México
Chicago Cubs
The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. The ballpark was called Wrigley Field of Avalon. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, "The Cubs on Catalina", by Jim Vitti, which was named International 'Book of the Year' by "The Sporting News". The Cubs left Catalina after some bad weather in 1951, choosing to move to Mesa, a city where the Wrigleys also had interests. Today, there is an exhibit at the Catalina Museum dedicated to the Cubs' spring training on the island.

Question: Who had a majority interest in Cataline island  in 1919?
Answer: William Wrigley Jr
Mervyn Peake
Mervyn Laurence Peake (9 July 1911 – 17 November 1968) was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He is best known for what are usually referred to as the "Gormenghast" books. The three works were part of what Peake conceived as a lengthy cycle, the completion of which was prevented by his death. They are sometimes compared to the work of his older contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien, but Peake's surreal fiction was influenced by his early love for Charles Dickens and Robert Louis Stevenson rather than Tolkien's studies of mythology and philology.
Erskine Childers (author)
Robert Erskine Childers DSC (25 June 1870 – 24 November 1922), usually known as Erskine Childers ( ), was a British-born Irish writer, whose works included the influential novel "The Riddle of the Sands". He became a supporter of Irish Republicanism and smuggled guns into Ireland in his sailing yacht "Asgard". He was executed by the authorities of the nascent Irish Free State during the Irish Civil War. He was the son of British Orientalist scholar Robert Caesar Childers; the cousin of Hugh Childers and Robert Barton; and the father of the fourth President of Ireland, Erskine Hamilton Childers.

Question: In regards to Mervyn Peake and Robert Erskine Childers, whose works included the influential novel "The Riddle of the Sands."
Answer: Robert Erskine Childers
Korean War
After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after PVA troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After inflicting heavy losses on the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and US military occurred on 1 November 1950. Deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the US 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan. The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the PVA unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory. It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow up their victory.

Question: Who did the First Phase offensive motivated to send more troops and resources to Korea?
Answer: Soviet Union
Ultar
Ultar Sar ( ) (also Ultar, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II) is the 
Gasherbrum III
Gasherbrum III ( ; ), surveyed as K3a, is a summit in the Gasherbrum massif of the Baltoro Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram on the border between Xinjiang, China and Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is situated between Gasherbrum II and IV.

Question: Gasherbrum III, and Ultar are both what types of geographical features?
Answer: summit
2008 Sichuan earthquake
In January 2010, Hong Kong-based English newspaper "The Standard" reported that writer Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools, was sentenced to in prison ostensibly for his writing an article in 2007 in support of the pro-democracy movement in 1989.

Question: When did the sentencing occur?
Answer: in 2007
Premier League
Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year. In 2004, a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat.

Question: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?
Answer: Two
Obelisco de Buenos Aires
The Obelisco de Buenos Aires (Obelisk of Buenos Aires) is a national historic monument and icon of Buenos Aires. Located in the Plaza de la República in the intersection of avenues Corrientes and 9 de Julio, it was erected in 1936 to commemorate the quadricentennial of the first foundation of the city.
Diagonal Norte (Buenos Aires Underground)
Diagonal Norte is a station on Line C of the Buenos Aires Underground. From here, passengers may transfer to Carlos Pellegrini Station on Line B or 9 de Julio Station on Line D and Metrobus 9 de Julio. It is located near the Obelisco de Buenos Aires.

Question: Diagonal Norte is located near what Plaza?
Answer: Plaza de la República
Albert Lee Ueltschi
Albert Lee "Al" Ueltschi (May 15, 1917 – October 18, 2012) is considered the father of modern flight training and was the founder of FlightSafety International. Ueltschi was once personal pilot to Juan Trippe and an associate to Charles Lindbergh. On July 21, 2001, he was enshrined at Dayton, Ohio in the National Aviation Hall of Fame, along with test pilot Joe Engle, United States Marine Corps flying ace Marion Carl, and USAF ace Robin Olds. In 2013, "Flying" magazine ranked Ueltschi number 13 on its list of the "51 Heroes of Aviation".
Juan Trippe
Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899 – April 3, 1981) was an American commercial aviation pioneer, entrepreneur and the founder of Pan American World Airways, one of the iconic airlines of the 20th century. He was instrumental in numerous revolutionary advances in airline history, including the development and production of the Boeing 314 Clipper, which opened trans-Pacific airline travel, the Boeing Stratoliner which helped to pioneer cabin pressurization, the Boeing 707 and the Boeing 747 which introduced the era of jumbo jets (evolved from Air Force bombers, tanker and transport design, respectively). Trippe's signing of the 747 contract coincided with the 50th anniversary of Boeing, and he gave a speech where he explained his belief that these jets would be a force that would help bring about world peace.

Question:  Albert Lee Ueltschi, was once personal pilot to which American?
Answer: Juan Trippe
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen ( ), or PBGV, is a breed of dog of the scent hound type, bred to trail hares in bramble-filled terrain of the Vendée district of France. The breed is known in the United States as "Petit" or "PBGV," in England as "Roughie," and in Denmark as "Griffon" or "Petit". 
Toy Trawler Spaniel
The Toy Trawler Spaniel is an extinct breed of Spaniel which physically was similar to the King Charles Spaniel of the 16th century. It is considered to have descended from the original King Charles Spaniel, and the older variety of the Sussex Spaniel. It was originally used as a sporting dog, but became used as a toy and show dog. It was considered to be on the verge of extinction by 1920. A preserved specimen is kept in Tring at the Natural History Museum.

Question: Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen and Toy Trawler Spaniel are both breeds of which animal?
Answer: dog
Gangnam Blues
Gangnam Blues (; lit. Gangnam 1970) is a 2015 South Korean action film written and directed by Yoo Ha, and starring Lee Min-ho and Kim Rae-won. The film is set in the 1970s against the backdrop of the real estate development of Seoul's Gangnam district amidst socio-political turmoil and terrorism. The friendship of two childhood friends is tested as they find themselves entangled in the collusion and battles between political powers and criminal organizations.
Lee Min-ho (actor)
Lee Min-ho (Korean:  ; Hanja:  , born June 22, 1987) is a South Korean actor, singer, and model. Lee has significant following worldwide, including Asia and western countries, most notably the U.S, France, Australia, Canada, Spain and Italy. He gained widespread fame in Korea and some parts of Asia with his role as Gu Jun-pyo in "Boys Over Flowers" in 2009. The role won him a Best New Actor award at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards. His notable lead roles in television series include comedy-drama "Personal Taste" (2010), "City Hunter" (2011) in which he established himself as an action hero, "The Heirs" (2013), "Legend of the Blue Sea" (2016) and "" (2020). The success of Lee's television series globally established him as a top Hallyu star and a global celebrity. "Hollywood" magazine reported that Lee has attained "Superstar" status.
Lee Min-ho (actor)
Apart from his television career, Lee featured in the first lead role in the film "Gangnam Blues" (2015), followed by his first China-produced film "Bounty Hunters" (2016), grossed US$31 million and the mini-romance-web-series "Line Romance" (2014), grossed US$20 million. In his acting career, Lee was successful in experimenting various genres such as romance, comedy, action, fantasy and science-fiction dramas.

Question: Who directed the film in which Lee Min-ho starred in his first lead role ?
Answer: Yoo Ha
Uncle Kracker
Matthew Shafer (born June 6, 1974), also known by his stage name Uncle Kracker, is an American singer-songwriter and musician known for his country and rock music. He was a turntablist for Kid Rock's backing group Twisted Brown Trucker and since 1999 has recorded as a solo artist. His singles "Follow Me" and "Drift Away" were top 10 hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
Drift Away
"Drift Away" is a song by Mentor Williams written in 1970. it was recorded by Clarence Carter on his 1970 album "Patches" and by John Henry Kurtz on his 1972 album "Reunion". Mentor Williams was a country songwriter, and John Henry Kurtz was an actor and swamp rock singer. It was later given to soul singer Dobie Gray for whom it became a surprise international hit; and the best known version. In 1973 the song became Dobie Gray's biggest hit, peaking at #5 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and certified gold by the RIAA. It was the final pop hit for Decca Records in the United States.

Question: Who was the original singer of the song made famous by both Dobie Gray and Uncle Kracker?
Answer: John Henry Kurtz
Avicenna
Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world. There, the study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician).

Question: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?
Answer: Al-Biruni
Slavs
When Slav migrations ended, their first state organizations appeared, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo supported the Slavs against their Avar rulers, and became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, Samo's Empire. This early Slavic polity probably did not outlive its founder and ruler, but it was the foundation for later West Slavic states on its territory. The oldest of them was Carantania; others are the Principality of Nitra, the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia) and the Balaton Principality. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 as an alliance between the ruling Bulgars and the numerous slavs in the area, and their South Slavic language, the Old Church Slavonic, became the main and official language of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. The expansion of the Magyars into the Carpathian Basin and the Germanization of Austria gradually separated the South Slavs from the West and East Slavs. Later Slavic states, which formed in the following centuries, included the Kievan Rus', the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, Duchy of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Croatia, Banate of Bosnia and the Serbian Empire.

Question: What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?
Answer: Samo
53rd Street Library
The 53rd Street Library is a branch of the New York Public Library at 18 West 53rd Street, just west of Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. The library is composed of three floors, including two basement levels, and contains a glass facade. The building is located on the south side of 53rd Street, across from the Museum of Modern Art, and located adjacent to 666 Fifth Avenue to the east. It opened in 2016 as a replacement for the Donnell Library Center, which occupied a building at 20 West 53rd Street. The Donnell Library Center operated from 1955 until 2008, when its building was razed and a 46-story hotel and residential building constructed on the site.
New York Public Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second largest public library in the United States (behind the Library of Congress) and the third largest in the world (behind the British Library). It is a private, non-governmental, independently managed, nonprofit corporation operating with both private and public financing.
New York Public Library
The library has branches in the boroughs of the Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island and affiliations with academic and professional libraries in the New York metropolitan area. The city's other two boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens, are not served by the New York Public Library system, but rather by their respective borough library systems: the Brooklyn Public Library and the Queens Public Library. The branch libraries are open to the general public and consist of circulating libraries. The New York Public Library also has four research libraries, which are also open to the general public.

Question: About how many items does the library that the 53rd Street Library is a branch of contain?
Answer: nearly 53 million items
The Battery (Charleston)
The Battery is a landmark defensive seawall and promenade in Charleston, South Carolina. Named for a civil-war coastal defense artillery battery at the site, it stretches along the lower shores of the Charleston peninsula, bordered by the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, which meet here to form Charleston harbor. 
The Battery (Charleston)
Historically, it has been understood to extend from the beginning of the seawall at the site of the former Omar Shrine Temple (40-44 East Bay Street) to the intersection of what is now Murray Boulevard and King Street. The higher part of the promenade, paralleling East Battery, as the street is known south of Water Street, to the intersection of Murray Boulevard, is known as High Battery. Fort Sumter is visible from the Cooper River side (High Battery) and from the point, as are Castle Pinckney, the World War II aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10), Fort Moultrie, and Sullivan's Island.
USS Yorktown (CV-10)
USS "Yorktown" (CV/CVA/CVS-10) is one of 24 "Essex"-class aircraft carrier s built during World War II for the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Yorktown of the American Revolutionary War, and is the fourth U.S. Navy ship to bear the name. Initially to have been named "Bonhomme Richard", she was renamed "Yorktown" while still under construction to commemorate the loss of during the Battle of Midway in June 1942. "Yorktown" was commissioned in April 1943, and participated in several campaigns in the Pacific Theater of Operations, earning 11 battle stars and the Presidential Unit Citation.

Question: Which U.S. Navy ship located at The Battery is named after the Battle of Yorktown?  
Answer: USS Yorktown
Boothby Graffoe In No Particular Order
Boothby Graffoe In No Particular Order was comedy radio programme that aired from March 2004 to August 2005. There were 12 half-hour episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. It starred Boothby Graffoe, Stephen Frost, and Debra Stephenson.
Boothby Graffoe (comedian)
Boothby Graffoe (born James Martyn Rogers, 1962) is an English comedian, singer, songwriter and playwright. He is particularly known for his surreal sense of humour and work with Canadian band Barenaked Ladies.

Question: Boothby Graffoe In No Particular Order starred the comedian of what nationality?
Answer: English
South of the Border (2009 film)
South of the Border is a 2009 American documentary film directed by Oliver Stone. The documentary premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival. Writer for the project Tariq Ali calls the documentary "a political road movie". Stone stated that he hopes the film will help people better understand a leader who is wrongly ridiculed "as a strongman, as a buffoon, as a clown."
Gunnin' for That No. 1 Spot
Gunnin' for That #1 Spot is a 2008 documentary film directed by Adam Yauch, founding member of the Beastie Boys. The movie premiered at the Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival in April 2008 and opened in theaters June 27, 2008.

Question: Were the films South of the Border and Gunnin' for That No. 1 Spot directed by the same person?
Answer: no
Wii
The Wii ( ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo stated that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. As of the first quarter of 2016 , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.
Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame
Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame is a 2010 video game based on the comic book character Batman and the television cartoon series "". It was developed by WayForward Technologies and distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It was released on September 7, 2010, for the Wii and Nintendo DS, and is the only non- Batman video game released for those platforms.

Question: Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame is a 2010 video game based on the comic book character, and the television cartoon series, Batman, it was released on September 7, 2010, for the Wii, a home video game console, released by Nintendo, on which date?
Answer: November 19, 2006
Tibet
The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour—called tsampa—is the staple food of Tibet. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos. Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Mustard seed is cultivated in Tibet, and therefore features heavily in its cuisine. Yak yogurt, butter and cheese are frequently eaten, and well-prepared yogurt is considered something of a prestige item. Butter tea is a very popular drink.

Question: What seed is cultivated in Tibet?
Answer: Mustard
2016 New York Giants season
The New York Giants season was the franchise's 92nd season in the National Football League, their seventh season playing their home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and the first under head coach Ben McAdoo.
Ben McAdoo
Benjamin Lee McAdoo (born July 9, 1977) is an American football coach who is the quarterbacks coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the head coach of the New York Giants from 2016 to 2017, after serving as offensive coordinator the previous two years under former head coach Tom Coughlin. He was fired on December 4, 2017 following a 2–10 start, along with benching longtime starting quarterback Eli Manning; at the time of his termination, his 28 regular season games were the fewest by a Giants coach since 1930. Prior to working for the Giants, McAdoo served as an assistant coach for several college football teams, as well as for the New Orleans Saints, the San Francisco 49ers, and the Green Bay Packers.

Question: When was the 2016 head coach of the New York Giants born?
Answer: July 9, 1977
Van Helsing: The London Assignment
Van Helsing: The London Assignment is a 2004 action horror animated short film by Universal Studios Home Video. It features the voices of Hugh Jackman, Kate Beckinsale, Robbie Coltrane and David Wenham. "The London Assignment" is an animated prequel to the 2004 motion picture "Van Helsing" (released the same year). It tells of the events before the film.
Van Helsing (film)
Van Helsing is a 2004 American period action film written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It stars Hugh Jackman as vigilante monster hunter Van Helsing, and Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious. The film is a homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and 1940s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.

Question: What famous authors inspired two dark adventure movies featuring Hugh Jackman in the same year?
Answer: Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley
Phonograph record
In 1901, 10-inch disc records were introduced, followed in 1903 by 12-inch records. These could play for more than three and four minutes, respectively, whereas contemporary cylinders could only play for about two minutes. In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4 ⁄ minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile. Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929. By 1919, the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them. Analog disc records dominated the home entertainment market until they were outsold by digital compact discs in the 1980s, which were in turn supplanted by digital audio recordings distributed via online music stores and Internet file sharing.

Question: What was the name of the discs Edison introduced in 1909?
Answer: Blue Amberol cylinders
Group (mathematics)
Likewise, group theory helps predict the changes in physical properties that occur when a material undergoes a phase transition, for example, from a cubic to a tetrahedral crystalline form. An example is ferroelectric materials, where the change from a paraelectric to a ferroelectric state occurs at the Curie temperature and is related to a change from the high-symmetry paraelectric state to the lower symmetry ferroelectric state, accompanied by a so-called soft phonon mode, a vibrational lattice mode that goes to zero frequency at the transition.

Question: What stage of a physical transformation can group theory be used to make prediction?
Answer: phase transition
Samuel R. Delany
Samuel R. Delany ( ; born April 1, 1942), Chip Delany to his friends, is an American author and literary critic. His work includes fiction (especially science fiction), memoir, criticism and essays on science fiction, literature, sexuality, and society.
George R. R. Martin
George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist and short story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer. He wrote the series of epic fantasy novels "A Song of Ice and Fire", which was adapted into the HBO series "Game of Thrones" (2011–2019).
George R. R. Martin
In 2005, Lev Grossman of "Time" called Martin "the American Tolkien", and in 2011, he was included on the annual "Time" 100 list of the most influential people in the world.

Question: Samuel R. Delany and George R. R. Martin, share which occupation industry?
Answer: writer
Michigan Territory
The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.
Toledo War
The Toledo War (1835–36), also known as the Great Toledo War, the Michigan-Ohio War or the Ohio-Michigan War, was an almost bloodless boundary dispute between the U.S. state of Ohio and the adjoining territory of Michigan.

Question: What was the territorial capital of the territory opposing Ohio in the Toledo War?
Answer: Detroit
Sergei Prokofiev
Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev ( ; Russian: , ; 27 April [O.S. 15 April] 1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian Soviet composer, pianist and conductor. As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous music genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His works include such widely heard pieces as the March from "The Love for Three Oranges," the suite "Lieutenant Kijé", the ballet "Romeo and Juliet"—from which "Dance of the Knights" is taken—and "Peter and the Wolf." Of the established forms and genres in which he worked, he created – excluding juvenilia – seven completed operas, seven symphonies, eight ballets, five piano concertos, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a symphony-concerto for cello and orchestra, and nine completed piano sonatas.
Peter and the Wolf
Peter and the Wolf (Russian: , , ] ) Op. 67, a "symphonic fairy tale for children", is a musical composition written by Sergei Prokofiev in 1936. The narrator tells a children's story, while the orchestra illustrates it. It is Prokofiev's most frequently performed work and one of the most frequently performed works in the entire classical repertoire. It has been recorded many times.

Question: What country of origin does Peter and the Wolf and Sergei Prokofiev have in common?
Answer: Russian
Separation of church and state in the United States
Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In "Reynolds v. United States" (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In "Everson v. Board of Education" (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state."

Question: What was the clause against establishment of religion by law intended to erect?
Answer: a wall of separation between church and state
The Supersizers...
The Supersizers Go... and The Supersizers Eat... are BBC television series about the history of food, mainly in Britain. Both are presented by journalist and restaurant critic Giles Coren and broadcaster and comedian Sue Perkins.
Giles Coren
Giles Robin Patrick Coren (born 29 July 1969) is a British food writer, and television and radio presenter. He has been a restaurant critic for "The Times" newspaper since 1993, and was named Food and Drink Writer of the Year at the British Press Awards in 2005. He has co-starred with comedian Sue Perkins in "The Supersizers..." series and with chef Monica Galetti in the "Amazing Hotels – Life Beyond The Lobby" series. 
Giles Coren
Coren has been involved in a number of controversies, including breaching a privacy injunction, writing abusive emails to colleagues, and making statements expressing anti-Polish sentiment.

Question: What British columnist and restaurant critic for "The Times" newspaper presented The Supersizers Go... and The Supersizers Eat?
Answer: Giles Coren
Carnival
Carnival in Aruba means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades, and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive "jump-ups" (street parades), spectacular parades, and creative contests. Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade. Street parades continue in various districts throughout the month, with brass band, steel drum and roadmarch tunes. On the evening before Lent, Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo.

Question: What contagiously throbs during the week of events?
Answer: music
UEFA Euro 2000 knockout stage
The knockout stage of UEFA Euro 2000 started with the first quarter-final on 24 June and ended with the final on 2 July 2000.
UEFA Euro 2000 Final
The UEFA Euro 2000 Final was a football match played on 2 July 2000 at De Kuip in Rotterdam, Netherlands, to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2000. France won the match, defeating Italy 2–1.

Question: What game, which saw France defeat Italy 2-1, ended a tournament knockout stage that began 24 June 2000? 
Answer: The UEFA Euro 2000 Final
Bird migration
Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as large stretches of open water. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different. A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards.

Question: What to the migrating birds usually follow?
Answer: mountain ranges or coastlines
Hellenistic period
Hellenistic poets now sought patronage from kings, and wrote works in their honor. The scholars at the libraries in Alexandria and Pergamon focused on the collection, cataloging, and literary criticism of classical Athenian works and ancient Greek myths. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo. He promoted short poetic forms such as the epigram, epyllion and the iambic and attacked epic as base and common ("big book, big evil" was his doctrine). He also wrote a massive catalog of the holdings of the library of Alexandria, the famous Pinakes. Callimachus was extremely influential in his time and also for the development of Augustan poetry. Another poet, Apollonius of Rhodes, attempted to revive the epic for the Hellenistic world with his Argonautica. He had been a student of Callimachus and later became chief librarian ("prostates") of the library of Alexandria. Apollonius and Callimachus spent much of their careers feuding with each other. Pastoral poetry also thrived during the Hellenistic era, Theocritus was a major poet who popularized the genre.

Question: Who wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo?
Answer: Callimachus
Ningbo
Ningbo (; ] , ( ) ), formerly romanized as Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, the port of Ningbo–Zhoushan, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the built-up area made of six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.
Lhasa (prefecture-level city)
Lhasa () is a prefecture-level city, one of the main administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It covers an area of 29274 km2 of rugged and sparsely populated terrain. Its capital and largest city is Lhasa, with around 300,000 residents, which mostly corresponds with the administrative Chengguan District, while its suburbs extend into Doilungdêqên District and Dagzê District. The consolidated prefecture-level city contains additional five, mostly rural, counties.

Question: Lhasa and Ningbo are geographical regions in what country?
Answer: China
Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie
Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie is a 2010 science fiction CGI film set in Games Workshop's fictional "Warhammer 40,000" universe and based on the Ultramarines Chapter of the Space Marines. Terence Stamp, Sean Pertwee, and John Hurt head the cast of voice actors, and the screenplay was written by Black Library author Dan Abnett.
Terence Stamp
Terence Henry Stamp (born 22 July 1938) is an English actor. After training at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London he started his acting career in 1962. He has been referred to as the “master of the brooding silence” by "The Guardian". His performance in the title role of "Billy Budd", his film debut, earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and a BAFTA nomination for Best Newcomer. Associated with the Swinging London scene of the 1960s – during which time he was in high-profile relationships with actress Julie Christie and supermodel Jean Shrimpton – Stamp was among the subjects photographed by David Bailey for a set titled "Box of Pin-Ups".
Terence Stamp
Stamp played butterfly collector Freddie Clegg in "The Collector" (1965), and in 1967 appeared in "Far from the Madding Crowd", starring opposite Christie. His other major roles include playing archvillain General Zod in "Superman" and "Superman II", tough guy Wilson in "The Limey", Supreme Chancellor Valorum in "", transgender woman Bernadette Bassinger in "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert", ghost antagonist Ramsley in "The Haunted Mansion", Stick in "Elektra", Pekwarsky in "Wanted", Siegfried in "Get Smart", Terrence Bundley in "Yes Man", the Prophet of Truth in "Halo 3", Mankar Camoran in "", and General Ludwig Beck in "Valkyrie". He has appeared in two Tim Burton films, "Big Eyes" (2014) and "Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children" (2016).

Question: Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie includes the voice actor who trained at what London academy?
Answer: Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
Kyle Schickner
Kyle Schickner is an American film producer, writer, director, actor and a bisexual civil rights activist. He is the founder of FenceSitter Films, a production company devoted to entertainment for women, and sexual and ethnic minorities. He currently lives and works in Los Angeles, where he directs films, music videos, a Web series and commercials for his production company FenceSitterFilms.
Charles Lamont
Charles Lamont (May 5, 1895 – September 12, 1993) was a prolific filmmaker, directing over 200 titles and producing and writing many others. A California native, Lamont was born in San Francisco and died in Los Angeles.

Question: Kyle Schickner and Charles Lamont both lived in what city?
Answer: Los Angeles
Donald Sawyer
Donald Sawyer is a film director, currently residing in Westfield, New Jersey. He is best known for directing the controversial 2009 documentary, 'The Eyes Have Frozen Open: The Fall of the Kroner'. The film chronicling the financial crisis in Iceland met harsh reviews at the 2010 Boulder International Film Festival. Critics have cited its depiction of certain British banks as being succubi on the economy of Iceland as "over-the-top and defamatory."
Ken Annakin
Kenneth Cooper "Ken" Annakin, OBE (10 August 1914 – 22 April 2009) was an English film director.

Question: Were Donald Sawyer and Ken Annakin both film directors?
Answer: yes
Toronto Blue Jays
The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Blue Jays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The team normally plays its home games at Rogers Centre, but will use Sahlen Field in Buffalo, New York, as its home for the 2020 season.
Joe Kennedy (baseball)
Joseph Darley Kennedy (May 24, 1979 – November 23, 2007) was an American Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He pitched from 2001 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Colorado Rockies, Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Toronto Blue Jays.

Question: Which American Major League Basball team did Joe Kennedy play for that plays at the Rogers Centre?
Answer: The Toronto Blue Jays
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Allen County, United States. Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is 18 mi west of the Ohio border and 50 mi south of the Michigan border. With a population of 253,691 in the 2010 census, it is the second-most populous city in Indiana after Indianapolis, and the 75th-most populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Fort Wayne metropolitan area, consisting of Allen, Wells, and Whitley counties, a combined population of 419,453 as of 2011. Fort Wayne is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Indiana. In addition to the three core counties, the combined statistical area (CSA) includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, Noble, and Steuben counties, with an estimated population of 615,077.
Ernest Gottlieb Sihler
Ernest Gottlieb Sihler (1853–1942) was a Professor of Classics at New York University. Born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, he was the son of Lutheran missionary Wilhelm Sihler and great-uncle to Andrew Sihler. Sihler's professional name was Ernest G. Sihler, but within the Sihler family he was always known as Gottlieb.

Question: Ernest Gottlieb Sihler was born in what county?
Answer: Allen County
Neptune
For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust.

Question: Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior dissipate? 
Answer: in the atmosphere
Muammar Gaddafi
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democratic than a traditional party-based representative system. He hoped that the councils would mobilize the people behind the RCC, erode the power of the traditional leaders and the bureaucracy, and allow for a new legal system chosen by the people. Many such committees were established in schools and colleges, where they were responsible for vetting staff, courses, and textbooks to determine if they were compatible with the country's revolutionary ideology.

Question: What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?
Answer: traditional party-based representative
Botany
Most sexually reproducing organisms are diploid, with paired chromosomes, but doubling of their chromosome number may occur due to errors in cytokinesis. This can occur early in development to produce an autopolyploid or partly autopolyploid organism, or during normal processes of cellular differentiation to produce some cell types that are polyploid (endopolyploidy), or during gamete formation. An allopolyploid plant may result from a hybridisation event between two different species. Both autopolyploid and allopolyploid plants can often reproduce normally, but may be unable to cross-breed successfully with the parent population because there is a mismatch in chromosome numbers. These plants that are reproductively isolated from the parent species but live within the same geographical area, may be sufficiently successful to form a new species. Some otherwise sterile plant polyploids can still reproduce vegetatively or by seed apomixis, forming clonal populations of identical individuals. Durum wheat is a fertile tetraploid allopolyploid, while bread wheat is a fertile hexaploid. The commercial banana is an example of a sterile, seedless triploid hybrid. Common dandelion is a triploid that produces viable seeds by apomictic seed.

Question: Are the plants produced by this error, able to reproduce?
Answer: often reproduce normally