qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Treaty
The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its "travaux preparatory. "It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.

Question: What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw?
Answer: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Federal Bureau of Investigation
In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who may fall under the Act's provisions.

Question: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?
Answer: organized crime
Rundle Mall
Rundle Mall is a pedestrian street mall located in Adelaide, South Australia. It was opened as a pedestrian mall in September 1976 by closing the section of Rundle Street between King William Street and Pulteney Street, to vehicular traffic. The street continues as Rundle Street (as before) to the east and Hindley Street to the west.
Hindley Street, Adelaide
Hindley Street is located in the north-west quarter of the centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. It runs between King William Street and West Terrace. The street was named after British parliamentarian and social reformist, Charles Hindley.

Question: What street named after a British parliamentarian and social reformist runs to the west of Rundle Mall?
Answer: Hindley Street
New Haven, Connecticut
Artspace on Orange Street is one of several contemporary art galleries around the city, showcasing the work of local, national, and international artists. Others include City Gallery and A. Leaf Gallery in the downtown area. Westville galleries include Kehler Liddell, Jennifer Jane Gallery, and The Hungry Eye. The Erector Square complex in the Fair Haven neighborhood houses, the Parachute Factory gallery along with numerous artist studios, and the complex serves as an active destination during City-Wide Open Studios held yearly in October.

Question: What is the name of the art gallery that hosts multiple artist locally and around the world?
Answer: Artspace
Anthropology
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline. During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

Question: What two fields remained largely positivist? 
Answer: archaeology and biological anthropology
N-Dubz
N-Dubz were a British hip hop group from Camden Town, London. The group consisted of members Dappy, Tulisa and Fazer.
Dappy
Costadinos Contostavlos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κοντόσταυλος; born 11 June 1987), better known by his stage name Dappy, is a British rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He is the lead singer of the Camden-based hip hop and grime trio N-Dubz, with his cousin Tulisa, and Fazer. He was known for his slightly unusual dress sense and his love for what he describes as "eye-catching headwear". His trademark was wearing a selection of woolly chullos (sometimes referred to as "Dappy hats"), turning up one or both of the ear-flaps of the hat.

Question: What city was the band Costadinos Contostavlos was lead singer for from?
Answer: London
Sichuan
Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of the Yangtze. This innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season, to either provide irrigation or prevent floods. The increased agricultural output and taxes made the area a source of provisions and men for Qin's unification of China.

Question: The Min River is a major tributary of what river? 
Answer: Yangtze
Roman Republic
The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and political rights was called "optimo jure." The optimo jure elected their assemblies, whereupon the assemblies elected magistrates, enacted legislation, presided over trials in capital cases, declared war and peace, and forged or dissolved treaties. There were two types of legislative assemblies. The first was the "comitia" ("committees"), which were assemblies of all optimo jure. The second was the "concilia" ("councils"), which were assemblies of specific groups of optimo jure.

Question: Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?
Answer: assemblies
Macintosh
In recent years, Apple has seen a significant boost in sales of Macs. This has been attributed, in part, to the success of the iPod and the iPhone, a halo effect whereby satisfied iPod or iPhone owners purchase more Apple products, and Apple has since capitalized on that with the iCloud cloud service that allows users to seamlessly sync data between these devices and Macs. Nonetheless, like other personal computer manufacturers, the Macintosh lines have been hurt by consumer trend towards smartphones and tablet computers (particularly Apple's own iPhone and iPad, respectively) as the computing devices of choice among consumers.

Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the most?
Answer: Apple's own iPhone
Joan Finney
Joan Finney (February 12, 1925 – July 28, 2001) was an American politician who served as the 42nd Governor of Kansas from 1991 to 1995, the first woman to hold that office. She had previously served four terms as the Kansas State Treasurer from 1975 to 1991, the first woman to hold that office as well.
Robert G. Knight
Robert G. "Bob" Knight (born July 31, 1941) was the Republican mayor of Wichita, Kansas for seven terms. He first ran for office, Wichita City Council, in 1979. He also served under Democratic Governor Joan Finney as Kansas Secretary of Commerce and Housing. He is generally known as "Bob Knight."

Question: Robert G. Knight and Joan Finney both served in government positions for what state?
Answer: Kansas
Qing dynasty
The Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century was the first major instance of anti-Manchu sentiment. Amid widespread social unrest and worsening famine, the rebellion not only posed the most serious threat towards Qing rulers, it has also been called the "bloodiest civil war of all time"; during its fourteen-year course from 1850 to 1864 between 20 and 30 million people died. Hong Xiuquan, a failed civil service candidate, in 1851 launched an uprising in Guizhou province, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with Hong himself as king. Hong announced that he had visions of God and that he was the brother of Jesus Christ. Slavery, concubinage, arranged marriage, opium smoking, footbinding, judicial torture, and the worship of idols were all banned. However, success led to internal feuds, defections and corruption. In addition, British and French troops, equipped with modern weapons, had come to the assistance of the Qing imperial army. It was not until 1864 that Qing armies under Zeng Guofan succeeded in crushing the revolt. After the outbreak of this rebellion, there were also revolts by the Muslims and Miao people of China against the Qing dynasty, most notably in the Miao Rebellion (1854–73) in Guizhou, the Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873) in Yunnan and the Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in the northwest.

Question: Who led the Rebellion?
Answer: Hong Xiuquan
University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (the U of M, UMN, Minnesota) is a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and St. Paul approximately 3 mi apart, and the St. Paul location is in neighboring Falcon Heights. The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,327 students in 2019-20. It is the flagship institution of the University of Minnesota System, and is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units.
University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota is included in a 2001 book describing America's Public Ivy universities. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for a territorial university in 1851, the university took significant time to fully organize and the first college classes weren't held until 1867. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Minnesota is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked 17th in research activity, with $954 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year 2018.
Church of the Most Holy Trinity (Catholic)
The Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Veseli, Minnesota (an unincorporated community in Wheatland Township, Minnesota is a Catholic church designed by Clarence H. Johnston, Sr.. Johnston designed a large number buildings for state institutions in Minnesota, such as the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf, the University of Minnesota, the former Minnesota Historical Society building, and many others, but churches were not common in his architectural practice.

Question: Who designed both a public research university and Church of the Most Holy Trinity?
Answer: Clarence H. Johnston, Sr.
Progress in Optics
Progress in Optics are a series of books edited by Emil Wolf published by Elsevier. They consist of collections of already published review articles deemed to be representative of the advances made in the fields of optics.
Emil Wolf
Emil Wolf (July 30, 1922 – June 2, 2018) was a Czech-born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering and inverse scattering. He was also the author of numerous other contributions to optics.

Question: Which Czech born American physicist was the author of several works on optics and edited the a series of books called, Progress in Optics?
Answer: Emil Wolf
Richmond, Virginia
The firm of John Russell Pope designed Broad Street Station as well as Branch House on Monument Avenue, designed as a private residence in the Tudor style, now serving as the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia. Main Street Station, designed by Wilson, Harris, and Richards, has been returned to use in its original purpose. The Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club were both designed by the classically trained Beaux-Arts architects Carrère and Hastings. Many buildings on the University of Richmond campus, including Jeter Hall and Ryland Hall, were designed by Ralph Adams Cram, most famous for his Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.

Question: Who designed the Commonwealth Club?
Answer: Carrère and Hastings
Martini & Rossi
Martini & Rossi is an Italian multinational alcoholic beverage company primarily associated with the Martini brand of vermouth and also with sparkling wine (for example, Asti). It also produces the French vermouth, Noilly Prat.
Martini International
The Martini International was a men's professional golf tournament that was held from 1961 to 1983. It was hosted by several different golf clubs in England, Scotland and Wales. It was part of the British PGA tournament circuit, which evolved into the European Tour, and as such is recognised as an official European Tour event from 1972.
Martini International
The winners included the major champions Peter Thomson, Greg Norman, Nick Faldo and Seve Ballesteros. In 1983 the prize fund was £80,308, which was mid-range for a European Tour event at the time. The tournament was sponsored by beverage company Martini & Rossi.

Question: What year was the firstprofessional golf  tournament sponsored by the producers of Noilly Pratt held?
Answer: 1961
Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex is a waterproof, breathable fabric membrane and registered trademark of W. L. Gore and Associates. Invented in 1969, Gore-Tex can repel liquid water while allowing water vapor to pass through and is designed to be a lightweight, waterproof fabric for all-weather use. It is composed of stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is more commonly known by the generic trademark Teflon. The material is formally known as the generic term expanded PTFE (ePTFE).
Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex was co-invented by Wilbert L. Gore and Gore's son, Robert W. Gore. In 1969, Bob Gore stretched heated rods of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and created expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). His discovery of the right conditions for stretching PTFE was a happy accident, born partly of frustration. Instead of slowly stretching the heated material, he applied a sudden, accelerating yank. The solid PTFE unexpectedly stretched about 800%, forming a microporous structure that was about 70% air. It was introduced to the public under the trademark Gore-Tex.
Angus Lloyd
Angus Lloyd was a British businessman and fashion designer. In 1963, Lloyd and his business partner, Henri Strzelecki, founded the Henri Lloyd clothing line in Manchester. Under Lloyd and Strzelecki, the company became known for its pioneering use of new technologies and man-made materials in its apparel, including Velcro, Bri-Nylon, and Gore-Tex.

Question: What is the name of this waterproff, beathable fabric membrane and registered trademark of W.L. Gore and Associates, used in apparel by Angus Llloyd and his company Manchester?
Answer: Gore-Tex
Hellenistic period
Under Ptolemy II, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus, and a host of other poets including the Alexandrian Pleiad made the city a center of Hellenistic literature. Ptolemy himself was eager to patronise the library, scientific research and individual scholars who lived on the grounds of the library. He and his successors also fought a series of wars with the Seleucids, known as the Syrian wars, over the region of Coele-Syria. Ptolemy IV won the great battle of Raphia (217 BC) against the Seleucids, using native Egyptians trained as phalangites. However these Egyptian soldiers revolted, eventually setting up a native breakaway Egyptian state in the Thebaid between 205 and 186/185 BC, severely weakening the Ptolemaic state.

Question: What region was fought for during the Syrian wars?
Answer: Coele-Syria
Edmund Burke
This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe and that the war was not against France, but against the revolutionaries governing her. Burke said: "It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France".

Question: Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned?
Answer: France
House music
Acid house, a rougher and more abstract subgenre, arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy sounds of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer that define the genre. Its origin on vinyl is generally cited as Phuture's "Acid Tracks" (Trax Records, 1987). Phuture, a group founded by Nathan "DJ Pierre" Jones, Earl "Spanky" Smith Jr., and Herbert "Herb J" Jackson, is credited with having been the first to use the TB-303 in the house music context. The group's 12-minute "Acid Tracks" was recorded to tape and played by DJ Ron Hardy at the Music Box, supposedly already in 1985. Hardy once played it four times over the course of an evening until the crowd responded favorably.

Question: When was Phuture's "Acid Tracks" released?
Answer: 1987
Solar energy
Hydrogen production technologies have been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2300 - ). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute of Science uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1200 C . This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen.

Question: What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis?
Answer: uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures
Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the now-defunct Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township. As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipality's population was 28,572, reflecting the former township's population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough.
Abraham Pais
Abraham Pais ( ; May 19, 1918 – July 28, 2000) was a Dutch-American physicist and science historian. Pais earned his Ph.D. from University of Utrecht just prior to a Nazi ban on Jewish participation in Dutch universities during World War II. When the Nazis began the forced relocation of Dutch Jews, he went into hiding, but was later arrested and saved only by the end of the war. He then served as an assistant to Niels Bohr in Denmark and was later a colleague of Albert Einstein at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Pais wrote books documenting the lives of these two great physicists and the contributions they and others made to modern physics. He was a physics professor at Rockefeller University until his retirement.

Question: Who was a colleague of physicist Abraham Pais in Princeton, New Jersey?
Answer: Albert Einstein
Adventure in Iraq
Adventure in Iraq is a 1943 American adventure film directed by D. Ross Lederman and starring John Loder, Ruth Ford, Warren Douglas and Paul Cavanagh. The film is based on the play "The Green Goddess" by William Archer.
Ruth Ford (actress)
Ruth Ford (July 7, 1911, Brookhaven, Mississippi – August 12, 2009, New York City) was an American model and actress. Her brother was the bohemian surrealist Charles Henri Ford. Their parents owned or managed hotels in the American South, and the family regularly moved.

Question: What play provided the source material for a film starring an American actress from Brookhaven, Mississippi?
Answer: "The Green Goddess"
John, King of England
John was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election. He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole. He barred Langton from entering England and seized the lands of the archbishopric and other papal possessions. Innocent set a commission in place to try to convince John to change his mind, but to no avail. Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.

Question: John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?
Answer: the Capetian court in Paris
Queens of the Stone Age
Queens of the Stone Age (commonly abbreviated QOTSA) is an American rock band formed in 1996 in Palm Desert, California. The band was founded by vocalist and guitarist Josh Homme, who has been the only constant member throughout multiple line-up changes. The current line-up consists of Homme alongside Troy Van Leeuwen (guitar, lap steel, keyboard, percussion, backing vocals), Michael Shuman (bass guitar, keyboard, backing vocals), Dean Fertita (keyboards, guitar, percussion, backing vocals), and Jon Theodore (drums, percussion).
Iamamiwhoami
iamamiwhoami ( ) is the electronic music and audiovisual project of Swedish singer-songwriter Jonna Lee in collaboration with her longtime record producer Claes Björklund. The project has since 2009 released audiovisual series on their YouTube channel followed by a large international audience. Visual collaborators of the project include Swedish director Robin Kempe-Bergman, until 2013, and visual collective Wave, consisting of Lee and cinematographer John Strandh, and formerly Agustín Moreaux.

Question: Are Iamamiwhoami and Queens of the Stone Age both American bands ?
Answer: no
George A. Crawley
George Abraham Crawley (1864–1926) was a British artist, designer and purveyor of English taste. He is best known for the design of John Shaffer Phipps' (the heir to a U.S. Steel Magnate fortune) home, Westbury House (built 1904–10; additions constructed in 1915–16), at Old Westbury Gardens, in Long Island, New York.
Old Westbury Gardens
Old Westbury Gardens is the former estate of businessman John Shaffer Phipps (1874–1958), an heir to the Phipps family fortune, in Nassau County, New York. Located at 71 Old Westbury Road in Old Westbury, the property was converted into a museum home in 1959. It is open for tours from April through October.
Old Westbury Gardens
Work on the estate began in 1903, when John Shaffer Phipps promised his fiancée, Margarita Grace (a daughter of businessman Michael P. Grace), that he would build her a home in the United States that resembled her family's British residence at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, England. The house was ready in 1906 for Phipps, his wife and their young children.

Question: In which county is this former estate of the heir to a U.S. Steel fortune located where George A. Crawley constructed a house?
Answer: Nassau County
Tennessee
During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals (in present-day Elizabethton) was attacked (1776) by Dragging Canoe and his warring faction of Cherokee who were aligned with the British Loyalists. These renegade Cherokee were referred to by settlers as the Chickamauga. They opposed North Carolina's annexation of the Washington District and the concurrent settling of the Transylvania Colony further north and west. The lives of many settlers were spared from the initial warrior attacks through the warnings of Dragging Canoe's cousin, Nancy Ward. The frontier fort on the banks of the Watauga River later served as a 1780 staging area for the Overmountain Men in preparation to trek over the Appalachian Mountains, to engage, and to later defeat the British Army at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.

Question: Who left Fort Watuaga, crossed the Appalachians, and attacked the British army in South Carolina in 1780?
Answer: Overmountain Men
Ottoman Empire
The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration. Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey. Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed. Crimean Tatar refugees in the late 19th century played an especially notable role in seeking to modernize Ottoman education and in first promoting both Pan-Turkicism and a sense of Turkish nationalism.

Question: Roughly 200,000 individuals of what group left Crimea during the war?
Answer: Crimean Tatars
Ottoman Empire
However, the collapsing Ottoman economy could not sustain the fleet's strength for long. Sultan Abdülhamid II distrusted the admirals who sided with the reformist Midhat Pasha and claimed that the large and expensive fleet was of no use against the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War. He locked most of the fleet inside the Golden Horn, where the ships decayed for the next 30 years. Following the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, the Committee of Union and Progress sought to develop a strong Ottoman naval force. The "Ottoman Navy Foundation" was established in 1910 to buy new ships through public donations.

Question: Where was the Ottoman fleet left to decay?
Answer: the Golden Horn
Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat
Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat (transl. Silence... Night of Fear) is a 2005 Indian Hindi mystery thriller directed and produced by Deepak Tijori. It was a remake of James Mangold's 2003 Hollywood psychological thriller "Identity". The film received poor reviews from critics.
Identity (film)
Identity is a 2003 American psychological slasher film directed by James Mangold from a screenplay by Michael Cooney. The film stars John Cusack, Ray Liotta, Amanda Peet, Alfred Molina, Clea DuVall and Rebecca De Mornay.

Question: Who wrote the screenplay for the 2003 original movie in which 2005 Indian film 'Khamoshh... Khauff Ki Raat' was based?
Answer: Michael Cooney
Philadelphia Phillies
The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. Since 2004, the team's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelphia. The Phillies are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in American professional sports.
Hal Elliott
Harold William "Ace" Elliott (May 29, 1899 – April 25, 1963) was an American baseball pitcher. He played Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Phillies from 1929 to 1932. He led the National League by appearing in 48 games as a pitcher in 1930. Over his four-year major league career, he compiled an 11-24 record with a 6.95 earned run average (ERA). Elliot has the dubious distinction of having the highest career ERA among all major league pitchers with at least 300 innings pitched since baseball's modern era began in 1900.

Question: Harold William "Ace" Elliott (May 29, 1899 – April 25, 1963) was an American baseball pitcher, he played in Major League Baseball, from 1929 to 1932, in the Philadelphia Phillies, an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, in which US state?
Answer: Pennsylvania
History of India
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation. His popular sentence "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" became the source of inspiration for Indians. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view, notably they advocated the Swadeshi movement involving the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods; the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal. Under them, India's three big provinces – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The radicals, led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, on the other hand, wanted reform within the framework of British rule.

Question: How was the Congress split in 1907?
Answer: two factions
Gustavo Santaolalla
Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, film composer and producer. He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for "Brokeback Mountain" in 2005, and "Babel" in 2006. More recently, he composed the original score for the video game "The Last of Us" (2013), and its sequel, as well as the themes for The CW series "Jane the Virgin" (2014–2019) and the Netflix series "Making a Murderer" (2015–present).
El Objeto Antes Llamado Disco
El Objeto Antes Llamado Disco is the seventh studio album released by Mexican band, Café Tacuba, on October 22, 2012. In this album, the band has once again collaborated with award-winning Argentine music producer Gustavo Santaolalla.

Question: El objeto Antes Llamado Disco is the seventh studio album released by Mexican band, Café Tacuba, on October 22, 2012, in this album, the band has once again collaborated with award-winning Argentine music producer, musician, and film composer?
Answer: Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla
Agalassoi
The Agalassoi ["Hindi/Sanskrit - अग्राश्व;" ] were a dignified, illustrious and powerful tribe that lived in modern Pakistan in the lower Indus Valley at the time of Alexander the Great. During Alexander's invasion of India, the Agalassoi fought bravely in battle with the Macedonian army. The citizen infantry, numbering about 40,000 and 2,000 cavalry after a brave resistance to Alexander, cast themselves with their wives and children into flames, the first known "Jauhar" and "Sākā" in Indian history. They have been identified as Agarwals of today.
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
The Indian campaign of Alexander the Great began in 326BC. After conquering the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, the Macedonian king (and now the great king of the Persian Empire), Alexander, launched a campaign into the Indian subcontinent in present-day Pakistan, part of which formed the easternmost territories of the Achaemenid Empire following the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley (late 6th century BC).
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
After gaining control of the former Achaemenid satrapy of Gandhara, including the city of Taxila, Alexander advanced into Punjab, where he engaged in battle against the regional king Porus, whom Alexander defeated in the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC, but was so impressed by the demeanor with which the king carried himself that he allowed Porus to continue governing his own kingdom as a satrap. Although victorious, the Battle of the Hydaspes was possibly also the most costly battle fought by the Macedonians.

Question: What empire of Persia did the person who defeated the Agalassoi conquer?
Answer: Achaemenid Empire
Futuroscope
Futuroscope, or Parc du Futuroscope is a French theme park based upon multimedia, cinematographic futuroscope and audio-visual techniques. It has several 3D cinemas and a few 4D cinemas along with other attractions and shows, some of which are the only examples in the world.
2000 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21
The 2000 Tour de France was the 87th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Futuroscope with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 12 occurred on 13 July with a mountainous stage from Carpentras. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July.

Question: What kind of park did the 2000 Tour de France start in?
Answer: a French theme park
Qing dynasty
Meanwhile, Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and the presence of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital, Beijing, was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell to the rebels, marking the official end of the dynasty.

Question: Who raided Beijing in 1644?
Answer: Li Zicheng
Asphalt
About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). The resulting material is typically further treated to extract small but valuable amounts of lubricants and to adjust the properties of the material to suit applications. In a de-asphalting unit, the crude asphalt is treated with either propane or butane in a supercritical phase to extract the lighter molecules, which are then separated. Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen. This step makes the product harder and more viscous.

Question: What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials?
Answer: Vacuum distillation
Richard Tüngel
Richard Tüngel (1893 – 1970) was a German journalist and publisher, originally an architect and a longtime Director of Construction (Baudirektor) in Hamburg.
Richard Tüngel
Removed from this position by the Nazis in 1933, he went to Berlin, where he lived until 1945 as a translator and writer. For example, one still finds his name on current German-language editions of Igor Stravinsky's memoirs. Immediately after the war, he was one of the co-founders of "Die Zeit", initially as fiction editor (Feuilletonchef) and a bit later as editor-in-chief.
Nazism
National Socialism ( ), more commonly known as Nazism ( ), is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party—officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP)—in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar ideas and aims. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in Pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist "Völkisch" movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that emerged after Germany's defeat in World War I, from which came the party's underlying "cult of violence". Nazism subscribed to pseudo-scientific theories of racial hierarchy and Social Darwinism, identifying the Germans as a part of what the Nazis regarded as an Aryan or Nordic master race. It aimed to overcome social divisions and create a German homogeneous society based on racial purity which represented a people's community ( ). The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans living in historically German territory, as well as gain additional lands for German expansion under the doctrine of and exclude those who they deemed either community aliens or "inferior" races.

Question: Which ideology did those that removed Rchiard Tungel from his position follow?
Answer: Nazism
Pain
Cultural barriers may also affect the likelihood of reporting pain. Sufferers may feel that certain treatments go against their religious beliefs. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the stigma of addiction, and avoid pain treatment so as not to be prescribed potentially addicting drugs. Many Asians do not want to lose respect in society by admitting they are in pain and need help, believing the pain should be borne in silence, while other cultures feel they should report pain immediately to receive immediate relief.

Question: What do many people fear pain treatment will lead to?
Answer: potentially addicting drugs
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Biophytum umbraculum
Biophytum umbraculum is a plant species in the family Oxalidaceae. It is reported from India, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, tropical Africa, and Madagascar. The species is an annual herb up to 15 cm tall, bearing sessile umbels.

Question: What country borders India and Biophytum umbraculum can also be found?
Answer: China
Circadian rhythm
What drove circadian rhythms to evolve has been an enigmatic question. Previous hypotheses emphasized that photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms may have originated together in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting replicating DNA from high levels of damaging ultraviolet radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. However, evidence for this is lacking, since the simplest organisms with a circadian rhythm, the cyanobacteria, do the opposite of this - they divide more in the daytime. Recent studies instead highlight the importance of co-evolution of redox proteins with circadian oscillators in all three domains of life following the Great Oxidation Event approximately 2.3 billion years ago. The current view is that circadian changes in environmental oxygen levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of daylight are likely to have driven a need to evolve circadian rhythms to preempt, and therefore counteract, damaging redox reactions on a daily basis.

Question: What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?
Answer: replicating DNA
Buckingham Palace
By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

Question: Who built the new wing?
Answer: Thomas Cubitt
Rigveda
The Rigveda (Sanskrit: " ", from " " "praise" and " " "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. It is one of the four sacred canonical texts ("śruti") of Hinduism known as the Vedas.
Rigveda
The text is layered consisting of the "Samhita", "Brahmanas", "Aranyakas" and "Upanishads". The "Rigveda Samhita" is the core text, and is a collection of 10 books (" "s) with 1,028 hymns (" "s) in about 10,600 verses (called " ", eponymous of the name "Rigveda"). In the eight books – Books 2 through 9 – that were composed the earliest, the hymns predominantly discuss cosmology and praise deities. The younger books (Books 1 and 10) in part also deal with philosophical or speculative questions, virtues such as dāna (charity) in society, questions about the origin of the universe and the nature of god, and other metaphysical issues in their hymns.
Dhruva (band)
Dhruva, originally spelled as Dhruvaa (Devnagari ध्रुवा), is an Indian musical band. It is considered to be India's first Sanskrit band. 
Dhruva (band)
The band is based in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The band's genre is a fusion with the use of Indian instruments such as bansuri, shankha, tabla, pakhavaj and European instruments such as harmonium, guitar and acoustic drums. The band was founded by Dr. Sanjay Dwivedi, who has a doctoral degree in Sanskrit and is a practitioner of Indian classical music. The band first played on 24 January 2015, with other members being Vaibhav Santore and Gyneshwari Parsai In 2015 the band played at World Sanskrit Day celebrations in New Delhi. Apart from original compositions their numbers are taken from Rig Veda, the works of Adi Shankaracharya, Shiv Tandav, Jaidev, Madhurashtakam, love letters from Abhigyan Shakuntala.

Question: India's first Sanskrit band is named after what set of hymns?
Answer: Vedic Sanskrit hymns
New Haven, Connecticut
After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the Thomas Jefferson administration), and rechristened Fort Nathan Hale, after the Revolutionary War hero who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the War of 1812. In 1863, during the Civil War, a second Fort Hale was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a Southern raid against New Haven be launched. The United States Congress deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year.

Question: In what year was Black Rock Fort captured by the British in New Haven and incinerated? 
Answer: 1779
Paris
Paris received 38 million visitors in 2019, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and China. It was ranked as the second most visited travel destination in the world in 2019, after Bangkok and just ahead of London. The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. The city hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, as well as the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris.

Question: What is the name of the football club in Paris?
Answer: Paris Saint-Germain
Kurt Sohn
Kurt Sohn (born June 26, 1957 in Ithaca, New York) is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver for eight seasons for the New York Jets from 1981 to 1988. After growing up in Huntington (New York) and excelling in both football and lacrosse, he graduated from Huntington High School (New York) in 1975. He went to Fordham and Nassau Community College. He finished his professional career with 79 receptions for 1,018 yards and 10 touchdowns. He was a valuable special teams player as well, serving as both a punt and kick returner. He had 68 PRs for 519 yards and 63 KRs for 1,164 yards. 
Huntington High School (New York)
Huntington High School (HHS) is a public high school in Huntington, New York, United States. It is part of the Huntington Union Free School District.

Question: what does Kurt Sohn and Huntington High School have in common?
Answer: New York
Phygelius
Phygelius, common names Cape fuchsia or Cape figwort, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to wet slopes and banks in southern Africa. They are evergreen shrubs often treated as perennials in colder climates. They bear many pendent tubular flowers over a long period in summer, in shades of white, yellow and red. The vague similarity of the blooms to fuchsias has led to the common name Cape fuchsia, though they are not closely related.
Peony
The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus is 33 known species. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified.

Question: Is the Peony or the Phygelius native on more continents?
Answer: The peony
2010 Swiss Federal Council election
Two by-elections to the Swiss Federal Council were held in Switzerland on 22 September 2010, after Federal Councillor Moritz Leuenberger (SP) announced he would leave the Federal Council effective 31 December 2010 and Federal Councillor Hans-Rudolf Merz (FDP.The Liberals) on 6 August 2010 announced his intention to retire effective late October 2010. The by-elections resulted in the elections of Simonetta Sommaruga from the SP and Johann Schneider-Ammann from the FDP, resulting in no change in the partisan composition of the Council. It also resulted in the first (and, to date, most recent) majority of women on the Federal Council in its history, with Sommaruga joining Micheline Calmy-Rey, Doris Leuthard and Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf.
Simonetta Sommaruga
Simonetta Myriam Sommaruga (born 14 May 1960) is a Swiss politician serving as President of the Swiss Confederation for 2020. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she has been a Member of the Federal Council since 2010. Sommaruga has served as head of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications since 2019 and previously was head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. She served as Vice President of the Federal Council for the year 2014; in 2015 Sommaruga assumed the role of President of the Swiss Confederation. Subsequently, she returned to the council's presidency in 2020.

Question: Two by-elections to the Swiss Federal Council were held in Switzerland on 22 September 2010, elected were who, which Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland who is a current member of the Swiss Federal Council, the federal government of Switzerland, and head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police (the Swiss justice minister)?
Answer: Simonetta Sommaruga