qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Carnival
The Carnival of Vilanova i la Geltrú has a documented history from 1790 and is one of the richest in the variety of its acts and rituals. It adopts an ancient style in which satire, the grotesque body (particularly cross-dressing and displays of exaggerated bellies, noses, and phalli) and above all, active participation are valued over glamorous, media-friendly spectacles that Vilanovins mock as "thighs and feathers". It is best known for "Les Comparses" (held on Sunday), a tumultuous dance in which thousands of dancers in traditional dresses and "Mantons de Manila" (Manila shawls), organized into groups of couples march in the street forming lines while throwing tons of hard candies at one another. Vilanovinians organize several rituals during the week. On "Dijous Gras," Vilanovin children are excused from school to participate in the "Merengada," a day-long scene of eating and fighting with sticky, sweet meringue while adults have a meringue battle at midnight at the historic "Plaça de les Cols".

Question: In what dance do the participants lob more than 75 tons of hard candy at each other?
Answer: Les Comparses
Edmund Burke
In May 1778, Burke supported a parliamentary motion revising restrictions on Irish trade. His constituents, citizens of the great trading city of Bristol, urged Burke to oppose free trade with Ireland. Burke resisted their protestations and said: "If, from this conduct, I shall forfeit their suffrages at an ensuing election, it will stand on record an example to future representatives of the Commons of England, that one man at least had dared to resist the desires of his constituents when his judgment assured him they were wrong".

Question: What city did Burke represent in parliament?
Answer: Bristol
Letter case
Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form (that is, characterized by ascenders and descenders) in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835. The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).

Question: Which century did the lower-case script for the Greek Alphabet originate?
Answer: 7th
Anthropology
Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal "Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology" mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.

Question: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?
Answer: non-European/non-Western societies
Dillard & Clark
Dillard & Clark was a country rock duo which featured ex-Byrds member Gene Clark and bluegrass banjo player Doug Dillard.
Gene Clark
Harold Eugene "Gene" Clark (November 17, 1944 – May 24, 1991) was an American singer-songwriter and founding member of the folk rock band the Byrds. He was the Byrds' principal songwriter between 1964 and early 1966, writing most of the band's best-known originals from this period, including "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better", "She Don't Care About Time", "Eight Miles High" and "Set You Free This Time". Although he did not achieve commercial success as a solo artist, Clark was in the vanguard of popular music during much of his career, prefiguring developments in such disparate subgenres as psychedelic rock, baroque pop, newgrass, country rock, and alternative country.

Question: When was the member of Dillard & Clark who also played in the Byrds born?
Answer: 1944
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from past centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio "Pro Comperto Sane" opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia.

Question: Who was the first pope to visit five continents?
Answer: Paul VI
Elizabeth Woolcock
Elizabeth Lillian Woolcock (née Oliver; 20 April 1848 – 30 December 1873) was an Australian murderer who was hanged in Adelaide Gaol for the murder of her husband Thomas Woolcock by mercury poisoning. She remains the only woman ever executed in South Australia and is buried between the outer and inner prison walls. It has been argued that she may have been a victim of domestic violence and suffered from battered spouse syndrome.
Adelaide Gaol
Adelaide Gaol was an Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest buildings still standing in South Australia, the other being Government House which was built at the same time. The prison is now a museum, tourist attraction and function centre.
Adelaide Gaol
When the first colonists arrived at South Australia in late 1836, any prisoners (there were few at first) were held in irons aboard the ships HMS Buffalo and then Tam O'Shanter. In early 1837 the public were warned that escaped convicts from New South Wales may reach the colony and in mid-1837 Buffalo and Tam O'Shanter sailed away. Recognising the need, tenders had already been called for a "temporary" gaol. Meanwhile, the Governor's guard of Royal Marines held prisoners in their encampment in the present Botanic Gardens, chained to a tree.

Question: Who was hanged in an Australian prison in Thebarton, South Australia, Australia?
Answer: Elizabeth Woolcock
National Lampoon's Vacation
National Lampoon's Vacation, sometimes referred to as Vacation, is a 1983 American road comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and starring Chevy Chase, Beverly D'Angelo, Imogene Coca, Randy Quaid, a special appearance by John Candy, and introducing Christie Brinkley. The screenplay was written by John Hughes, based on his short story "Vacation '58" which appeared in "National Lampoon".
Safety Training
"Safety Training" is the twentieth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series "The Office", and the show's forty-eighth episode overall. Written by B. J. Novak, who also acts in the show as sales representative Ryan Howard, and directed by "Caddyshack" and "National Lampoon's Vacation" director Harold Ramis, the episode aired in the United States on April 12, 2007 on NBC.

Question: What genre are both Safety Training and National Lampoon's Vacation?
Answer: comedy
Aruba
Aruba ( , ] ( ) , ] ) is an island and a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about 1000 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela. It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.
Liza Helder
Liza Helder; (born 1989) is an Aruban model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Aruba 2012 and was represented her Aruba in the 2012 Miss Universe pageant.

Question: What is the length, from its northwestern to its southeastern end, of the country represented by Liza Helder in the 2012 Miss Universe pageant? 
Answer: 32 km
Infection
Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. Other techniques (such as X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR) are used to produce images of internal abnormalities resulting from the growth of an infectious agent. The images are useful in detection of, for example, a bone abscess or a spongiform encephalopathy produced by a prion.

Question: What can organisms be directly identified by?
Answer: its genotype
Abscam
Abscam (sometimes written ABSCAM) was an FBI sting operation in the late 1970s and early 1980s that led to the convictions of seven members of the United States Congress, among others. The two-year investigation initially targeted trafficking in stolen property and corruption of prominent businessmen, but later evolved into a public corruption investigation. The FBI was aided by the Justice Department and a convicted con-man in videotaping politicians accepting bribes from a fictitious Arabian company in return for various political favors.
Abscam
More than 30 political figures were investigated, and six members of the House of Representatives and one senator were convicted. One member of the New Jersey State Senate, members of the Philadelphia City Council, the Mayor of Camden, New Jersey, and an inspector for the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service were also convicted. The operation was directed from the FBI's office in Hauppauge, New York and was under the supervision of Assistant Director Neil J. Welch, who headed the bureau's New York division, and Thomas P. Puccio, head of the Justice Department's Organized Crime Strike Force for the Eastern District of New York.
American Hustle
American Hustle is a 2013 American crime film directed by David O. Russell. It was written by Eric Warren Singer and Russell, inspired by the FBI Abscam operation of the late 1970s and early 1980s. It stars Christian Bale and Amy Adams as two con artists who are forced by an FBI agent (Bradley Cooper) to set up an elaborate sting operation on corrupt politicians, including the mayor of Camden, New Jersey (Jeremy Renner). Jennifer Lawrence plays the unpredictable wife of Bale's character. Principal photography on the film began on March 8, 2013, in Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts, and New York City.

Question: Who supervised the FBI operation that the movie American Hustle was inspired by?
Answer: Neil J. Welch
Bomarzo (novel)
Bomarzo is a novel by the Argentine writer Manuel Mujica Láinez, written in 1962 and later adapted by its author to an opera libretto set by Alberto Ginastera, which had its premiere in Washington, D.C., in 1967. 
Alberto Ginastera
Alberto Evaristo Ginastera (] ; April 11, 1916June 25, 1983) was an Argentinian composer of classical music. He is considered one of the most important 20th-century classical composers of the Americas.

Question: Which year did the composer of the opera Bomarzo die?
Answer: 1983
Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park
Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park, nicknamed "The Law", is the home stadium of the Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team in Lubbock, Texas. It is located on the Texas Tech University campus, adjacent to Jones AT&T Stadium and Fuller Track. Dan Law Field was rated as one of the top three places to watch a college baseball game by "Sports Illustrated On Campus".
Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball
The Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team represents Texas Tech University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team competes in the Big 12 Conference and plays at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park. Their head coach is Tim Tadlock and he is in his 7th season with the Red Raiders.

Question: Which city is the university that Tim Tadlock coaches baseball for located in?
Answer: Lubbock, Texas
John, King of England
Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. As part of this agreement John was promised the future inheritance of Savoy, Piedmont, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. For his part in the potential marriage alliance, Henry II transferred the castles of Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau into John's name; as John was only five years old his father would continue to control them for practical purposes. Henry the Young King was unimpressed by this; although he had yet to be granted control of any castles in his new kingdom, these were effectively his future property and had been given away without consultation. Alais made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry II's court, but she died before marrying John, which left the prince once again without an inheritance.

Question: Who was Alais?
Answer: the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy
Uranium
In nature, uranium(VI) forms highly soluble carbonate complexes at alkaline pH. This leads to an increase in mobility and availability of uranium to groundwater and soil from nuclear wastes which leads to health hazards. However, it is difficult to precipitate uranium as phosphate in the presence of excess carbonate at alkaline pH. A "Sphingomonas" sp. strain BSAR-1 has been found to express a high activity alkaline phosphatase (PhoK) that has been applied for bioprecipitation of uranium as uranyl phosphate species from alkaline solutions. The precipitation ability was enhanced by overexpressing PhoK protein in "E. coli".

Question: The presence of what substance at alkaline pH makes it difficult to precipitate uranium as phosphate?
Answer: carbonate
Boston
"The Boston Globe" and the "Boston Herald" are two of the city's major daily newspapers. The city is also served by other publications such as "Boston magazine", "DigBoston", and the Boston edition of "Metro". "The Christian Science Monitor", headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009, switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications. "The Boston Globe" also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools, called "Teens in Print" or "T.i.P.", which is written by the city's teens and delivered quarterly within the school year. "The Improper Bostonian", a glossy lifestyle magazine, was published from 1991 through April 2019.

Question: Where is the Christial Science Monitor headquarters?
Answer: Boston
Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport
Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport ( ) is a civil-military airport 5 miles (8 km) south of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility. Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport covers 2180 acre and has five asphalt and concrete runways. 
Long Beach Airport
Long Beach Airport ( ) is a public airport three miles northeast of downtown Long Beach, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It was formerly called Daugherty Field. The airport is an operating base for JetBlue.

Question: Which airport, Long Beach Airport or General Mitchell International Airport, is closer to its nearest major city?
Answer: Long Beach Airport
Franco Harris
Franco Harris (born March 7, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Seattle Seahawks. After playing college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, he was selected by the Steelers in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft, the 13th overall pick. He played his first 12 years in the NFL with the Steelers; his 13th and final year was spent with the Seahawks. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990.
1972 Oakland Raiders season
The 1972 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 13th season. The Raiders won the AFC West for the second time in three seasons. They lost in the AFC Division Round to the Pittsburgh Steelers when Franco Harris scored the game-winning touchdown on the Immaculate Reception. The Raiders still dispute that this was an illegal touchdown to this day.

Question: What position was the player who scored the game winning touchdown that ended the Raiders 1972 season?
Answer: fullback
Nigeria
NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China. On 10 November 2008 (0900 GMT), the satellite was reportedly switched off for analysis and to avoid a possible collision with other satellites. According to Nigerian Communications Satellite Limited, it was put into "emergency mode operation in order to effect mitigation and repairs". The satellite eventually failed after losing power on 11 November 2008. On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on 19 December 2011. The satellite, was stated to have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.

Question: Where is Nigeria's second satellite's ground receiving station?
Answer: Abuja
Zach Tyler Eisen
Zachary Tyler Eisen (born September 25, 1993) is an American former voice actor best known for voicing Aang in the Nickelodeon animated series "", Lucas Nickle in "The Ant Bully", Andrew in Nick Jr.'s "Little Bill" and Pablo the Penguin in the Nick Jr. animated series "The Backyardigans", and he is known for his film roles in "Entropy" (1999), and "Marci X" (2003). While living in Connecticut, he did most of his "Avatar: The Last Airbender" recordings via satellite.
The Ant Bully (film)
The Ant Bully is a 2006 American computer-animated adventure fantasy comedy film written and directed by John A. Davis and based on the 1999 children's book of the same name by John Nickle. Starring the voices of Julia Roberts, Nicolas Cage, Meryl Streep, and Paul Giamatti, it was produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman's Playtone, Davis and Keith Alcorn's DNA Productions and Legendary Pictures as its first (and so far, only) animated film, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Question: Who directed the film in which Zach Tyler Eisen played Lucas Nickle?
Answer: John A. Davis
Alkalinity
Alkalinity (from Arabic ""al-qalī"") is the capacity of water to resist changes in pH that would make the water more acidic. (It should not be confused with basicity which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale.) Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak acids and their conjugate bases. It is measured by titrating the solution with a monoprotic acid such as HCl until its pH changes abruptly, or it reaches a known endpoint where that happens. Alkalinity is expressed in units of meq/L (milliequivalents per liter), which corresponds to the amount of monoprotic acid added as a titrant in millimoles per liter.
Alkalinity
Although alkalinity is primarily a term invented by oceanographers, it is also used by hydrologists to describe temporary hardness. Moreover, measuring alkalinity is important in determining a stream's ability to neutralize acidic pollution from rainfall or wastewater. It is one of the best measures of the sensitivity of the stream to acid inputs. There can be long-term changes in the alkalinity of streams and rivers in response to human disturbances.
Acid rain
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters, and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health.

Question: Alkalinity is the name given to the quantitative capacity of an aqueous solution to neutralize an acid, measuring alkalinity is important in determining a stream's ability to neutralize acidic pollution from acid rain, or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions, and which ph?
Answer: low pH
Supreme court
In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA was subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the highest court in matters involving the interpretation and application of the Constitution. But in August 2013 the Constitution was amended to make the Constitutional Court the country's single apex court, superior to the SCA in all matters, both constitutional and non-constitutional.

Question: When was the Supreme Court of Appeal created?
Answer: 1994
Falcon Cycles
Falcon Cycles is a British bicycle manufacturer based in Brigg, North Lincolnshire, owned by Tandem Group.
Claud Butler
Claud Butler (14 July 1903 – 2 November 1978) was a London-based bicycle dealer and frame-builder, who from 1928 created a chain of bicycle-retail shops in London and the Midlands. His company was one of the most successful of the inter-war era but failed after World War II and the resultant boom in motor buses and motor cars. The Claud Butler brand was bought from the receivers by other companies, and they are now produced by Falcon Cycles, a division of Tandem Group.

Question: Where is the British bicycle manufacturer based who produces the Claud Butler bicycle?
Answer: Brigg, North Lincolnshire
Olivia Holt
Olivia Hastings Holt (born August 5, 1997) is an American actress and singer. She starred in the Disney XD series "Kickin' It", Disney Channel Original Movie "Girl vs. Monster", and the Disney Channel Original Series "I Didn't Do It". From 2018 to 2019, she portrayed the titular role Tandy Bowen / Dagger in the Freeform series "Cloak & Dagger".
Olivia Holt
Holt had voice roles in the films "Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast" (2014) and "Gnome Alone" (2017), and starred in the feature films "Class Rank" (2017), "Same Kind of Different as Me" (2017), and "Status Update" (2018). Her debut EP, "Olivia", was released on Hollywood Records on July 15, 2016.
I Didn't Do It (TV series)
I Didn't Do It is an American comedy television series that premiered on Disney Channel on January 17, 2014, and ended on October 16, 2015. The series was created by Tod Himmel and Josh Silverstein and stars Olivia Holt, Austin North, Piper Curda, Peyton Clark and Sarah Gilman.

Question: Olivia Holt starred in what American teen sitcom that premiered on Disney Channel on January 17, 2014?
Answer: I Didn't Do It
Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He played the roles of Josh Taylor in the soap opera "Neighbours" and Marcus in the children's television series "The Elephant Princess". In American films, Hemsworth starred as Will Blakelee in "The Last Song" (2010), as Gale Hawthorne in "The Hunger Games" film series (2012–2015), and as Jake Morrison in "" (2016).
The Hunger Games (film)
The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian action thriller science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins’s 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first installment in "The Hunger Games" film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland. The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where a boy and a girl from each of the nation's 12 Districts are chosen annually as "tributes" and forced to compete in The Hunger Games, an elaborate televised fight to the death. Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) volunteers to take her younger sister's place, and with her district's male tribute, Peeta Mellark (Josh Hutcherson), travels to the Capitol to train and compete in the games.
The Hunger Games (film)
Development of "The Hunger Games" began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force, which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier. Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay. The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011. Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, with filming taking place in North Carolina.

Question: Name the Australian actor who played the role of Josh Taylor in the soap opera 'Neighbours' and also stars in the 2012 American science fiction adventure film about a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem where he plays Gale Hawthorne?
Answer: Liam Hemsworth
Alfred North Whitehead
In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a post he held for four years), a member of the University of London's Senate in 1919, and chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council in 1920, a post which he held until he departed for America in 1924. Whitehead was able to exert his newfound influence to successfully lobby for a new history of science department, help establish a Bachelor of Science degree (previously only Bachelor of Arts degrees had been offered), and make the school more accessible to less wealthy students.

Question: What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London?
Answer: Bachelor of Science
Ife Holmes
Claude "Ife" Holmes (August 15, 1905 – January 27, 1985) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball League for the Fort Wayne General Electrics from 1929 to 1938.
Fort Wayne General Electrics
The Fort Wayne General Electrics was an amateur basketball team located in Fort Wayne, Indiana and competed in the National Basketball League and the National Industrial Basketball League. They joined the NBL (who later formed the NBA) in 1937 but they stayed there for 1 year, returning to their amateur status. In 1947 they were one of the founding members of the NIBL competing there for one season.

Question: What was the amateur basketball team located in Fort Wayne Indianda that Ife Holmes played for from 1929 to 1938?
Answer: Fort Wayne General Electrics
Edward III of England
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His 50-year reign was the second-longest in medieval English history, and saw vital developments in legislation and government, in particular the evolution of the English Parliament, as well as the ravages of the Black Death. He outlived his eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, and the throne passed to his grandson, Richard II.
English claims to the French throne
From the 1340s to the 19th century, excluding two brief intervals in the 1360s and the 1420s, the kings and queens of England (and, later, of Great Britain) also claimed the throne of France. The claim dates from Edward III, who claimed the French throne in 1340 as the sororal nephew of the last direct Capetian, Charles IV. Edward and his heirs fought the Hundred Years' War to enforce this claim, and were briefly successful in the 1420s under Henry V and Henry VI, but the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, was ultimately victorious and retained control of France. Despite this, English and British monarchs continued to prominently call themselves kings of France, and the French fleur-de-lis was included in the royal arms. This continued until 1801, by which time France no longer had any monarch, having become a republic. The Jacobite claimants, however, did not explicitly relinquish the claim.

Question: What is the birthdate of this King of England, noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after a disastrous reign, who claimed the French throne in 1340? 
Answer: 13 November 1312
Gregorian calendar
Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting on 1 January, and no conversion to their Gregorian equivalents. For example, the Battle of Agincourt is universally considered to have been fought on 25 October 1415 which is Saint Crispin's Day.

Question: In the Julian calendar when is the start of the new year?
Answer: 1 January
Qing dynasty
However, not all of Dorgon's policies were equally popular or as easy to implement. The controversial July 1645 edict (the "haircutting order") forced adult Han Chinese men to shave the front of their heads and comb the remaining hair into the queue hairstyle which was worn by Manchu men, on pain of death. The popular description of the order was: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair." To the Manchus, this policy was a test of loyalty and an aid in distinguishing friend from foe. For the Han Chinese, however, it was a humiliating reminder of Qing authority that challenged traditional Confucian values. The "Classic of Filial Piety" ("Xiaojing") held that "a person's body and hair, being gifts from one's parents, are not to be damaged". Under the Ming dynasty, adult men did not cut their hair but instead wore it in the form of a top-knot. The order triggered strong resistance to Qing rule in Jiangnan and massive killing of Han Chinese. It was Han Chinese defectors who carried out massacres against people refusing to wear the queue. Li Chengdong, a Han Chinese general who had served the Ming but surrendered to the Qing, ordered his Han troops to carry out three separate massacres in the city of Jiading within a month, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. At the end of the third massacre, there was hardly a living person left in this city. Jiangyin also held out against about 10,000 Han Chinese Qing troops for 83 days. When the city wall was finally breached on 9 October 1645, the Han Chinese Qing army led by the Han Chinese Ming defector Liu Liangzuo (劉良佐), who had been ordered to "fill the city with corpses before you sheathe your swords", massacred the entire population, killing between 74,000 and 100,000 people.

Question: How did the Ming's typically wear their hair>
Answer: top-knot
Mulholland Drive (film)
Mulholland Drive (stylized as Mulholland Dr.) is a 2001 surreal neo-noir mystery film written and directed by David Lynch and starring Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller, Mark Pellegrino and Robert Forster. It tells the story of an aspiring actress named Betty Elms (Watts), newly arrived in Los Angeles, who meets and befriends an amnesiac woman (Harring) recovering from a car accident. The story follows several other vignettes and characters, including a Hollywood film director (Theroux).
Mulholland Drive (film)
The American-French co-production was originally conceived as a television pilot, and a large portion of the film was shot in 1999 with Lynch's plan to keep it open-ended for a potential series. After viewing Lynch's cut, however, television executives rejected it. Lynch then provided an ending to the project, making it a feature film. The half-pilot, half-feature result, along with Lynch's characteristic style, has left the general meaning of the film's events open to interpretation. Lynch has declined to offer an explanation of his intentions for the narrative, leaving audiences, critics, and cast members to speculate on what transpires. He gave the film the tagline "A love story in the city of dreams".
Richard Green (actor)
Richard Green (born February 23, 1953) is an American actor, director and musician with an international career in voice over and film. He had a prominent role as the Magician, in David Lynch's "Mulholland Drive" and produced "I Don't Know Jack", about the life and mysterious death of "Eraserhead" star Jack Nance. His feature directorial debut was for the film "7 Year ZigZag" (uniquely told entirely in rhyme and original swing and jazz). He was also the voice for DC Comics character Professor Hugo Strange in "The Batman" animated series, replacing Frank Gorshin after Gorshin's death. He also voiced Benmummy in the Cartoon Network series "Ben 10".

Question: Richard Green, is an American actor, director and musician with an international career in voice over and film, he had a prominent role as the Magician, in Mulholland Drive, a neo-noir mystery film written and directed by David Lynch, released in what year?
Answer: 2001
Department store
Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer, David Jones and Harris Scarfe, located nationally, are practically the national department stores oligopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both Myer and David Jones are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands while the Adelaide-based Harris Scarfe is pitched towards brand led value, with hi-lo pricing. Other retail chain stores led by Kmart but also dominated by Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.

Question: What department store brand is now out of business in Australia? 
Answer: Venture
Youn Yuh-jung
Youn Yuh-jung (born June 19, 1947) is a South Korean actress. In a film and television career spanning nearly 50 years, Youn is best known for starring in "Woman of Fire" (1971), "The Housemaid" (2010), "The Taste of Money" (2012) and "The Bacchus Lady" (2016).
The Taste of Money
The Taste of Money () is a 2012 South Korean erotic thriller film about a conglomerate-owning family.

Question: What Kim Ki-Young movie features "The Taste of Money" actress Youn Yuh-jung?
Answer: Woman of Fire
Time
Two contrasting viewpoints on time divide prominent philosophers. One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe – a dimension independent of events, in which events occur in sequence. Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time.

Question: The realist view of time is sometimes referred to as what?
Answer: Newtonian time
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess
The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting with Midna's assistance.

Question: What does Link fight in dungeons?
Answer: enemies
Paper
In Europe and other regions using the ISO 216 paper-sizing system, the weight is expressed in grams per square metre (g/m or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of the paper and its thickness.

Question: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?
Answer: dimensions
Hydrogen
This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0  MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H2 is the most marketable product, and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as "synthesis gas" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds. Hydrocarbons other than methane can be used to produce synthesis gas with varying product ratios. One of the many complications to this highly optimized technology is the formation of coke or carbon:

Question: At what pressure does PSA work best in?
Answer: high pressures
British Isles
The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and Early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.

Question: In which direction have the British Isles been drifting?
Answer: northwest
Napoleon
Napoleon was routinely bullied by his peers for his accent, birthplace, short stature, mannerisms and inability to speak French quickly. Bonaparte became reserved and melancholy applying himself to reading. An examiner observed that Napoleon "has always been distinguished for his application in mathematics. He is fairly well acquainted with history and geography ... This boy would make an excellent sailor". In early adulthood, he briefly intended to become a writer; he authored a history of Corsica and a romantic novella.

Question: According to a school examiner, Napoleon was best at which academic subject?
Answer: mathematics
Muammar Gaddafi
Libya had long supported the FROLINAT militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the FROLINAT-controlled GUNT government to aid in the civil war; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) rejected this and called for a Libyan withdrawal, which came about in November 1981. The civil war resumed, and so Libya sent troops back in, clashing with French forces who supported the southern Chadian forces. Many African nations were tired of Libya's interference in their affairs; by 1980, nine African states had severed diplomatic relations with Libya, while in 1982 the OAU cancelled its scheduled conference in Tripoli to prevent Gaddafi gaining chairmanship. Some African states, such as Jerry Rawlings' Ghana and Thomas Sankara's Burkina Faso, nevertheless had warm relations with Libya during the 1980s. Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch Hassan II signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab–African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments. Relations remained strained, particularly due to Morocco's friendly relations with the US and Israel; in August 1986, Hassan abolished the union.

Question: Who was the ruler of Morocco in 1984?
Answer: Hassan II
God
Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator (not necessarily a God) would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old.

Question: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?
Answer: Richard Dawkins
Arthur Wellin
Arthur Wellin (born 31 October 1880, date of death unknown) was a German film director, actor, screenwriter and producer. He directed 18 films between 1916 and 1927. He also appeared in 11 films between 1915 and 1933. He was born in Berlin, Germany.
Shaun Scott (filmmaker)
Shaun Scott (born November 8, 1984): American filmmaker, film director, film editor, writer, historian, activist, and former candidate for Seattle City Council.

Question: Were Arthur Wellin and Shaun Scott both film directors?
Answer: yes
Pesticide
Studies must be conducted to establish the conditions in which the material is safe to use and the effectiveness against the intended pest(s). The EPA regulates pesticides to ensure that these products do not pose adverse effects to humans or the environment, with an emphasis on the health and safety of children. Pesticides produced before November 1984 continue to be reassessed in order to meet the current scientific and regulatory standards. All registered pesticides are reviewed every 15 years to ensure they meet the proper standards. During the registration process, a label is created. The label contains directions for proper use of the material in addition to safety restrictions. Based on acute toxicity, pesticides are assigned to a Toxicity Class. Pesticides are the most thoroughly tested chemicals after drugs in the United States; those used on food requires more than 100 tests to determine a range of potential impacts.

Question: How could someone learn more about how to safely use and handle an unknow pesticide?
Answer: label
Savages (2012 film)
Savages is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It is based on Don Winslow's novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Shane Salerno, Stone, and Winslow. The film was released on July 6, 2012 to mixed reviews, and stars Taylor Kitsch, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Benicio del Toro, Demián Bichir, Salma Hayek, John Travolta, Emile Hirsch and Blake Lively.
Shane Salerno
Shane Salerno (born November 27, 1972) is an American screenwriter, producer, and director. His writing credits include the movies "Armageddon", "Savages," "Shaft", and the TV series "Hawaii Five-0". He was chosen by director James Cameron to work on the four sequels to "Avatar", set to release in 2021, 2023, 2025 and 2027. He spent ten years writing, producing, financing, and directing the documentary "Salinger", and co-writing with David Shields the companion book which became a "New York Times" bestseller. Salerno is also the founder and president of The Story Factory, which produces film and TV series based on literary properties.

Question: Which 2012 film was written by the screenwriter who also wrote Armageddon?
Answer: Savages
Kill Hannah
Kill Hannah was an American rock band formed in 1993 in Chicago, Illinois. The band released six studio albums, seven EPs, and two compilation albums as well as three DVDs.
Warpaint (band)
Warpaint is an American indie rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2004. The band consists of Emily Kokal (vocals, guitar), Theresa Wayman (vocals, guitar), Jenny Lee Lindberg (bass, vocals), and Stella Mozgawa (drums).
Warpaint (band)
To date, the band has released three studio albums: "The Fool" (2010), "Warpaint" (2014), and "Heads Up" (2016).

Question: Which of the two bands Kill Hannah and Warpaint is from California?
Answer: Warpaint
Efes Beverage Group
Anadolu Efes Biracılık ve Malt Sanayii A.Ş. produces and markets beer and malt and non-alcoholic beverages in a wide geographical area comprising Turkey, Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East.
Beer in Kazakhstan
Both local and Russian beer can be found in Kazakhstan. Large breweries are owned by international groups Efes Beverage Group (in cities Karaganda and Almaty) and Carlsberg Group (Almaty city) as well as by a private company Shymkentpivo (Shymkent city). In 2008, beer production in Kazakhstan fell by 12% to 3.60 mln hl, whereas the official import grew by 1% to 1.30 mln hl.

Question: What international group in Karaganda and Almaty markets malt and non-alcoholic beverages?
Answer: Efes Beverage Group
American Idol
The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman", and Betty Hutton's "Stuff Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002.

Question: What month did Kelly Clarkson win?
Answer: September
Translation
Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises.

Question: What reputation does machine translations have?
Answer: frequent inaccuracy