qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Cecil Rhodes
Cecil John Rhodes {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate, and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895. South Africa's Rhodes University is also named after him. Rhodes set up the provisions of the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate. He also put much effort towards his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railway through British territory. 
Rhodes (TV series)
Rhodes is an eight part British television drama series about the life of Cecil Rhodes, a 19th century British adventurer, empire-builder and politician. It starred Martin Shaw as Rhodes, and was written by Antony Thomas. "Rhodes" received its British television debut on 15 September 1996, and concluded on 3 November. It was produced by Scott Meek and Charles Salmon, and directed by David Drury.

Question: The eight part British television series "Rhodes" is based on the life of a man who was Prime Minister of what then-British colony?
Answer: Cape Colony
Marloes Coenen
Marloes Coenen (born March 31, 1981) is a retired Dutch mixed martial artist. She competed professionally since 2000 and is a former Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Champion.
Romy Ruyssen
Romy Ruyssen (born August 24, 1989) is a French mixed martial artist. She has competed professionally since 2007 and headlined the first Invicta Fighting Championships event against Marloes Coenen and holds a submission win over former UFC fighter Sheila Gaff.

Question: What is the birthday of the woman Romy Ruyssen fought in the first Invicta Fighting Championships?
Answer: March 31, 1981
American Idol
Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place. Her elimination drew criticisms from some former "Idol" contestants, as well as actor Tom Hanks.

Question: What contestant came in ninth on season ten of American Idol?
Answer: Pia Toscano
Howard Schnellenberger
Howard Leslie Schnellenberger (born March 16, 1934) is a retired American football coach with long service at both the professional and college levels. He held head coaching positions with the National Football League's Baltimore Colts and in college for the University of Miami, University of Oklahoma, University of Louisville and Florida Atlantic University. He won a national championship with Miami in 1983. Schnellenberger also worked extensively as an assistant coach at the college and pro levels, including as part of the staff of the undefeated 1972 Miami Dolphins. He is also famous for recruiting Joe Namath to Alabama for Bear Bryant in 1961.
2008 Florida Atlantic Owls football team
The 2008 Florida Atlantic University Owls football team represented Florida Atlantic University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Howard Schnellenberger and played their home games at Lockhart Stadium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The Owls entered the season as defending Sun Belt Conference champions.

Question: The 2008 Florida Atlantic Unaiversity Owls football team was coached by a retired American football coach who held a head coaching position with what NFL team?
Answer: Baltimore Colts
Mars One
Mars One was a small private Dutch organization that received money from investors by claiming it would use it to land the first humans on Mars and leave them there to establish a permanent human colony. From its announcement in 2012 to its bankruptcy in early 2019, it is estimated to have received tens of millions of dollars. The organization was not an aerospace company and did not manufacture hardware.
Mars One
Mars One consisted of two entities: the not-for-profit "Mars One Foundation", and the for-profit company "Mars One Ventures" which was the controlling stockholder of the for-profit Interplanetary Media Group that also managed the broadcasting rights. The Mars One Foundation, based in the Netherlands, managed the project. The small organization had four employees, and intended to make profits by selling media (documentaries) about the personnel selection, training and colonization. The first mission was estimated by its CEO Bas Lansdorp to cost about 6 billion dollars as of the 2010s.
Mars to Stay
Mars to Stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay. Unused emergency return vehicles would be recycled into settlement construction as soon as the habitability of Mars becomes evident to the initial pioneers. Mars to Stay missions are advocated both to reduce cost and to ensure permanent settlement of Mars. Among many notable Mars to Stay advocates, former Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin has been particularly outspoken, suggesting in numerous forums "Forget the Moon, Let’s Head to Mars!" and, in June 2013, Aldrin promoted a crewed mission "to homestead Mars and become a two-planet species". In August 2015, Aldrin, in association with the Florida Institute of Technology, presented a "master plan", for NASA consideration, for astronauts, with a "tour of duty of ten years", to colonize Mars before the year 2040. The Mars Underground, Mars Homestead Project / Mars Foundation, Mars One (defunct in 2019), and Mars Artists Community advocacy groups and business organizations have also adopted Mars to Stay policy initiatives.

Question: The Mars One organization's proposal to establish a human colony on Mars is advocated by what famous Astronaut?
Answer: Buzz Aldrin
2003 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 2003 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 121st season in the history of the franchise. The Phillies finished in third-place in the National League East, 15 games behind the Atlanta Braves, and five games behind the 2003 World Series champion Florida Marlins, who were the NL's wild-card winner. The Phillies were managed by their former shortstop Larry Bowa, as they played their final season of home games at Veterans Stadium, before moving the club to Citizens Bank Park in 2004.
2003 World Series
The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins upset the heavily-favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 to 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21–17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2019, this is the last time the Marlins have appeared not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all.

Question: What team defeated the New York Yankees and finished five games ahead of the Atlanta Braves in the 2003 World Series?
Answer: Florida Marlins
Peter O'Toole
Peter Seamus O'Toole ( ; 2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013) was a British stage and film actor of Irish descent. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company. In 1959 he made his West End debut in "The Long and the Short and the Tall".
Peter O'Toole
Making his film debut in 1959, O'Toole achieved international recognition playing T. E. Lawrence in "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962) for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated for this award another seven times – for playing King Henry II in both "Becket" (1964) and "The Lion in Winter" (1968), "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" (1969), "The Ruling Class" (1972), "The Stunt Man" (1980), "My Favorite Year" (1982), and "Venus" (2006) – and holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations for acting without a win. In 2002, O'Toole was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements. He was additionally the recipient of four Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA Award and one Primetime Emmy Award. In 2020, he was listed at number 4 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.
For Greater Glory
For Greater Glory, also known as Cristiada, is a 2012 epic historical war drama film directed by Dean Wright and written by Michael Love, based on the events of the Cristero War. It stars Andy García, Eva Longoria, Oscar Isaac, Rubén Blades, Peter O'Toole (in his last film appearance released in his lifetime), and Bruce Greenwood. The film is the directorial debut for Wright, the veteran visual effects supervisor on films including "" (2002) and "" (2003), and it was released on June 1, 2012.

Question: Which Royal Academy of Dramatic Art student stars in Cristiada a 2012 historical war drama film?
Answer: Peter O'Toole
Ming–Tibet relations
Wang and Nyima argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty, and demonstrated that he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify by urging various Tibetan tribes to submit to the authority of the Ming court. They note that at the same time, the Mongol Prince Punala, who had inherited his position as ruler of areas of Tibet, went to Nanjing in 1371 to pay tribute and show his allegiance to the Ming court, bringing with him the seal of authority issued by the Yuan court. They also state that since successors of lamas granted the title of "prince" had to travel to the Ming court to renew this title, and since lamas called themselves princes, the Ming court therefore had "full sovereignty over Tibet." They state that the Ming dynasty, by issuing imperial edicts to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court for official positions in the early years of its founding, won submission from ex-Yuan religious and administrative leaders in the Tibetan areas, and thereby incorporated Tibetan areas into the rule of the Ming court. Thus, they conclude, the Ming court won the power to rule Tibetan areas formerly under the rule of the Yuan dynasty.

Question: What did the lamas called themselves?
Answer: princes
Hunting
Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called "drives". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831.

Question: What is the Glorious Twelfth in the UK?
Answer: open season for grouse
Kunal Kapoor
Kunal Raj Kapoor (born 18 October 1977) is an Indian actor, writer and an entrepreneur. Kunal has acted in Hindi, Malayalam and Telugu movies. He is the co-founder of the crowdfunding platform Ketto.
Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities
Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities (or Meenaxi) is a 2004 Hindi film directed by M.F. Husain and starring Tabu, Kunal Kapoor and Raghuvir Yadav. The film is centered on Hyderabad novelist Nawab (Yadav) who is suffering from writer's block. After five years and no stories, Nawab comes across an unconventional muse, Meenaxi (Tabu). The three cities referred to in the title are Hyderabad, Jaisalmer and Prague. The film features an acclaimed score and soundtrack by A.R.Rahman.

Question: Which Indian actor who was born on 18 October 1978, starred alongside Tabu and Raghuvir Yadav in the film Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities?
Answer: Kunal Kapoor
Underdog (2018 film)
Underdog (Korean:  ; RR: " " ) is a 2018 South Korean animated film about the story of abandoned dogs. The film is directed by Lee Chun-baek and Oh Sung-yoon and stars Do Kyung-soo, Park So-dam and Park Chul-min. It was released in theaters on January 16, 2019.
Underdog (2018 film)
The film opened the 22nd Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival in July 2018.Tickets for the film were sold out in 9 seconds, setting a record for the shortest time for an opening film at the BIFAN to be sold in such time. It was also chosen to be screened in North Korea as the first act of the South Korea-North Korea film exchange program.
D.O. (entertainer)
Doh Kyung-soo (; born January 12, 1993), better known by his stage name D.O., is a South Korean singer and actor. He is best known as a member and one of the main vocalists of the South Korean-Chinese boy group Exo. Apart from his group's activities, D.O. has also starred in various television dramas and movies such as "Pure Love" (2016), "My Annoying Brother" (2016), "Positive Physique" (2016), "Room No.7" (2017), "100 Days My Prince" (2018), "", and "Swing Kids" (2018).

Question: What is the stage name of the singer who is starring in "The Underdog" alongside Park So-dam and Park Chul-min?
Answer: D.O.
Beşiktaş J.K.
Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü ( ), also known simply as Beşiktaş (] ), is a Turkish sports club founded in 1903, and based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey. The club's football team is one of the most successful teams in Turkey, having never been relegated to a lower division. The team last won the Turkish Süper Lig championship during the 2016–17 season. The home ground of Beşiktaş is Vodafone Park, a 41,903 capacity all-seater stadium located next to Dolmabahçe Palace.
1981–82 1.Lig
The 1981-82 Turkish First Football League season saw 17 teams in competition. Beşiktaş J.K. won the championship.

Question: When was the team that won the 1981-82 Turkish First Football League championship founded?
Answer: 1903
2017–18 Phoenix Suns season
The 2017–18 Phoenix Suns season was the 50th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as their 25th season at the Talking Stick Resort Arena. It was also their third season in five in which the Suns earned a top-five draft pick in the NBA Draft, which became the second straight year of gaining the #4 pick in Josh Jackson.
Josh Jackson (basketball)
Joshua O'Neal Jackson (born February 10, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for one season with the Kansas Jayhawks before declaring for the 2017 NBA draft, where he was selected fourth overall by the Phoenix Suns.

Question: In the draft of the 2017–18 Phoenix Suns season, The Phoneix Suns picked which player that played one season for the Kansas Jayhawks?
Answer: Josh Jackson
Culture
In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" ("Weltanschauung"). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures.

Question: During which ere did scholars of Germany developed a more inclusive culture?
Answer: Romantic era
The Sun (United Kingdom)
Under a front-page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient." Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said—a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.

Question: What did the paper report that some fans did?
Answer: picked the pockets of crushed victims
Oklahoma City
While not in the city limits, other large employers within the Oklahoma City MSA include United States Air Force – Tinker AFB (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

Question: What hospital is in the MSA region
Answer: Norman Regional Hospital
Albert Kesselring
Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German "Generalfeldmarschall" of the Luftwaffe during World War II who was subsequently convicted of war crimes. In a military career that spanned both world wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most highly decorated commanders, being one of only 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.
Albert Kesselring
Kesselring joined the Bavarian Army as an officer cadet in 1904 and served in the artillery branch. He completed training as a balloon observer in 1912. During World War I, he served on both the Western and Eastern fronts and was posted to the General Staff, despite not having attended the War Academy. Kesselring remained in the Army after the war but was discharged in 1933 to become head of the Department of Administration at the Reich Commissariat for Aviation, where he was involved in the re-establishment of the German aviation industry and the laying of the foundations for the Luftwaffe, serving as its chief of staff from 1936 to 1938.
Winter Line
The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring. The series of 3 lines was designed to defend a western section of Italy, focused around the town of Monte Cassino, through which ran the important Highway 6 which led uninterrupted to Rome. The primary Gustav Line ran across Italy from just north of where the Garigliano River flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west, through the Apennine Mountains to the mouth of the Sangro River on the Adriatic coast in the east. The two subsidiary lines, the Bernhardt Line and the Hitler Line ran much shorter distances from the Tyrrehnian sea to just North East of Cassino where they would merge into the Gustav Line. Relative to the Gustav Line, the Hitler Line stood to the North-West and the Bernhardt Line to the South-East of the primary defenses.

Question: The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring,  was a German "Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall" during which event?
Answer: World War II
Seven Years' War
Great Britain lost Menorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 but captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758. The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities. However, expansion into the hinterlands of both cities met with stiff resistance. In the Philippines, the British were confined to Manila until their agreed upon withdrawal at the war's end.

Question: What success did the British have in Cuba?
Answer: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba
Alaska
Alaska ( ; ; ; Alutiiq: "Alas'kaaq;" Tlingit: "Anáaski;" ) is a state located in the northwest extremity of the United States West Coast, just across the Bering Strait from Asia. An exclave of the U.S., it borders the Canadian province of British Columbia and territory of Yukon to the east and southeast and has a maritime border with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the west. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas of the Arctic Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.
Alaska
Alaska is the largest U.S. state by area and the seventh-largest subnational division in the world. It is the third-least populous and the most sparsely populated state, but by far the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel, with an estimated population of 738,432 as 2015—more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. The state capital of Juneau is the second-largest city in the United States by area, comprising more territory than the states of Rhode Island and Delaware.
Mount Dutton
Mount Dutton is a stratovolcano in the Aleutian Range of the U.S. state of Alaska, on the Alaska Peninsula.

Question: The U.S. state that is home to Mount Dutton shares a maritime border with what major world power?
Answer: Russia
The Sadies
The Sadies are a Canadian rock and roll / country and western band from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Dallas Good, Travis Good, Sean Dean and Mike Belitsky. Dallas and Travis are the sons of Margaret and Bruce Good, and nephews of Brian and Larry Good, who are members of the Canadian country group The Good Brothers.
Young Rival
Young Rival is a Canadian indie rock band from Hamilton, Ontario. The group consists of singer-guitarist Aron D'Alesio, bassist John Smith, and drummer Noah Fralick.
Young Rival
In the early 2000s, the group was called "The Ride Theory", and released two full-length albums under that name. They changed both the band's name and its musical style in 2007, and it became Young Rival. Guitarist Kyle Kuchmey left the band at the end of 2009.

Question: What band from Toronto, Ontario band did Young Rival tour with and open for?
Answer: The Sadies
Pabst Brewing Company
The Pabst Brewing Company ( ) is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and was, by 1889, named after Frederick Pabst. It is currently a holding company which contracts the brewing of over two dozen brands of beer and malt liquor: these include its own flagship Pabst Blue Ribbon, as well as brands from now defunct breweries including P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company, G. Heileman Brewing Company, Lone Star Brewing Company, Pearl Brewing Company, Piels Bros., Valentin Blatz Brewing Company, National Brewing Company, Olympia Brewing Company, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Primo Brewing & Malting Company, Rainier Brewing Company, F & M Schaefer Brewing Company, Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company and Stroh Brewery Company. About half of the beer produced under Pabst's ownership is "Pabst Blue Ribbon" brand, with the other half their other owned brands.
Pabst Brewing Company
The company is also responsible for the brewing of Ice Man Malt Liquor, St. Ides High Gravity Malt Liquor, and retail versions of beers from McSorley's Old Ale House and Southampton Publick House (of Southampton, New York).
Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company
The Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company is the name of a former brewing company that was located at 882 W. Seventh Street in St. Paul, Minnesota. Founded in 1855, the brewery was originally known as the Christopher Stahlmann Cave Brewery. Its name was changed to its final name in 1900.

Question: Pabst Brewing Company is the holding company for which former company located in St. Paul, Minnesota?
Answer: Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company
States of Germany
Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways "de facto" integrated with West Germany under a special status.

Question: When did the Saarland form?
Answer: 1957
On the Origin of Species
The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.

Question: What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?
Answer: non-specialist readers
John von Neumann
The axiomatization of mathematics, on the model of Euclid's "Elements", had reached new levels of rigour and breadth at the end of the 19th century, particularly in arithmetic, thanks to the axiom schema of Richard Dedekind and Charles Sanders Peirce, and in geometry, thanks to Hilbert's axioms. But at the beginning of the 20th century, efforts to base mathematics on naive set theory suffered a setback due to Russell's paradox (on the set of all sets that do not belong to themselves). The problem of an adequate axiomatization of set theory was resolved implicitly about twenty years later by Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel. Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory provided a series of principles that allowed for the construction of the sets used in the everyday practice of mathematics, but they did not explicitly exclude the possibility of the existence of a set that belongs to itself. In his doctoral thesis of 1925, von Neumann demonstrated two techniques to exclude such sets—the "axiom of foundation" and the notion of "class."

Question: Who resolved the problem of adequate axiomatization of set theory?
Answer: Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U3O8 ) and UO2 . Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO2 will gradually convert to U3O8 . Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.

Question: What is the stablest uranium compound?
Answer: Triuranium octoxide
American Idol
Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of "Entertainment Weekly", thought that "for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, "Idol" provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business." Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism". Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has "reshaped the American songbook", "led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture", and connects "the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future." Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of "Newsweek" accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that "Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him." Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on "Idol" are not real artists with self-respect.

Question: What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol? 
Answer: John Mayer
Richard Feynman
At Los Alamos, Feynman was assigned to Hans Bethe's Theoretical (T) Division, and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the Bethe–Feynman formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb, which built upon previous work by Robert Serber. As a junior physicist, he was not central to the project. He administered the computation group of human computers in the theoretical division. With Stanley Frankel and Nicholas Metropolis, he assisted in establishing a system for using IBM punched cards for computation. He invented a new method of computing logarithms that he later used on the Connection Machine. Other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality.

Question: Who had previously worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman?
Answer: Robert Serber
Billie Jean King
Billie Jean King ("née" Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player. King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles. She often represented the United States in the Federation Cup and the Wightman Cup. She was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups. For three years, she was the United States' captain in the Federation Cup.
1980 Avon Championships of Houston
The 1980 Avon Championships of Houston was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Summit in Houston, Texas in the United States that was part of the 1980 Avon Championships Circuit. It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from February 25 through March 2, 1980. Third-seeded Billie Jean King won the singles title and earned $30,000 first-prize money.

Question: How many Grand Slam titles did the winner of the 1980 Avon Championships of Houston win ? 
Answer: 39
Gene
Evolutionary biologists have subsequently modified this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency." In this view, the molecular gene "transcribes" as a unit, and the evolutionary gene "inherits" as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.

Question: Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?
Answer: Richard Dawkins
Stephen Chbosky
Stephen Chbosky ( ; born January 25, 1970) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and film director best-known for writing "The New York Times" bestselling coming-of-age novel "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (1999), as well as for writing and directing the film version of the same book, starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller. He also wrote the screenplay for the 2005 film "Rent" and Disney's 2017 live action adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast", alongside Evan Spiliotopoulos, and was co-creator, executive producer, and writer of the CBS television series "Jericho", which aired from 2006 to 2008. Most recently, he directed the 2017 drama "Wonder", starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson, and Jacob Tremblay. His next novel, "Imaginary Friend", was published in October 2019.
Ezra Miller
Ezra Matthew Miller (born September 30, 1992) is an American actor. Miller's feature film debut was in "Afterschool" (2008). Miller starred as Kevin in the drama "We Need to Talk About Kevin" (2011) and co-starred in the film adaptation of "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (2012). In 2015, Miller co-starred in the drama "The Stanford Prison Experiment" and the comedy "Trainwreck". Miller played Credence Barebone in the "Fantastic Beasts" films "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" (2016) and "" (2018).
Ezra Miller
Miller also portrays Barry Allen / The Flash in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with a minor role in "" (2016), a cameo in "Suicide Squad" (2016) and later as one of the leads in "Justice League" (2017). Miller also reprised the role of Barry Allen on television in The CW's "Crisis on Infinite Earths" crossover in 2020.

Question: Who was the star of "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" and also starred as the title character in the drama "We Need to Talk About Kevin" (2011)?
Answer: Ezra Matthew Miller
Ernst Abbe
Ernst Karl Abbe HonFRMS (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German physicist, optical scientist, entrepreneur, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of scientific microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums, and other advanced optical systems.
Vertico spatially modulated illumination
Vertico spatially modulated illumination (Vertico-SMI) is the fastest light microscope for the 3D analysis of complete cells in the nanometer range. It is based on two technologies developed in 1996, SMI (spatially modulated illumination) and SPDM (spectral precision distance microscopy). The effective optical resolution of this optical nanoscope has reached the vicinity of 5 nm in 2D and 40 nm in 3D and surpasses the 200 nm resolution limit predicted by Abbe‘s law. Abbe postulated in 1873 the theoretical limit of resolution of optical microscopy.

Question: The vertico spatially modulated illumination, that surpasses the 200 nm resolution limit predicted by a German physicist who laid the foundation of modern optics, was what?
Answer: the fastest light microscope
Dumbarton Castle
Dumbarton Castle ( , ] ) has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland. It overlooks the Scottish town of Dumbarton, and sits on a plug of volcanic basalt known as Dumbarton Rock which is 240 ft high.
Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill
Captain Thomas Crawford or Thomas Craufurd (1530–1603) of Jordanhill (an estate in the West End of Glasgow, part of which is now a college and hospital near Victoria Park) was a trusted confidant of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots and a retainer of the Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (Darnley's father). He famously planned the assault and led a small force of 150 men in 1571 that scaled the cliffs and embattlements to expel the castle garrison loyal to Catholic Queen Mary from Dumbarton Castle. Six years later, he became Provost of Glasgow, establishing a bursary for a student at the university and saving the cathedral from destruction.

Question: [2] He famously planned the assault and led a small force of 150 men in 1571 that scaled the cliffs and embattlements to expel the castle garrison loyal to Catholic Queen Mary
Answer: 240
Hindu philosophy
Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: "Sattva" being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; "Rajas" guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and "Tamas" being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative. Everything, all life forms and human beings, state Samkhya scholars, have these three "gunas", but in different proportions. The interplay of these "gunas" defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. Samkhya theorises a pluralism of souls ("Jeevatmas") who possess consciousness. Samkhya has historically been theistic or non-theistic, and there has been debate about its specific view on God.

Question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?
Answer: Tamas
American Authors
American Authors (formerly known as “the blue pages”) is an American rock band based in New York City currently signed to Island Records. It currently consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Zac Barnett, lead guitarist and banjoist James Adam Shelley, bassist Dave Rublin, and drummer Matt Sanchez. They are best known for their hit singles "Believer" and "Best Day of My Life" from their debut album "Oh, What a Life", as well as their top 20 hit, "Go Big or Go Home", from their second album, "What We Live For".
Luck (song)
"Luck" is a song written by Zachary Barnett, David Rublin, Matthew Sanchez and James Shelley of American indie rock band American Authors, co-written with producers Aaron Accetta and Shep Goodman. The song was originally recorded for their debut extended play, "American Authors", and appears as the third track on the EP. The track later appeared as the fourth track on their debut studio album "Oh, What a Life". The song was released by Island Records in Canada as a one-track single on March 3, 2014, becoming the fourth single by the band and the second release promoting "Oh, What a Life", after "Trouble".

Question: Where is the band that wrote the song "Luck", originally recorded for their debut extended play, "American Authors", based?
Answer: New York City
Joe Mauer
Joseph Patrick Mauer (born April 19, 1983), is an American retired professional baseball catcher, designated hitter, and first baseman, who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Minnesota Twins. Mauer is the only catcher in MLB history to win three batting titles, and the only catcher to ever win a batting title in the American League (AL). He also won three consecutive Gold Glove Awards (2008–2010), and the 2009 AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award.
2004 Minnesota Twins season
The 2004 Minnesota Twins met their goal of three-peating as American League Central Division champions. The team was able to do this in spite of several new players and the absence of three former all-stars. Closer Eddie Guardado, set-up man LaTroy Hawkins, starter Eric Milton, and catcher A. J. Pierzynski had all been dealt prior to the beginning of the season, while first baseman Doug Mientkiewicz was traded midway through the season. The season had both highs – such as Johan Santana winning the Cy Young Award – and lows, such as highly anticipated rookie catcher Joe Mauer injuring his knee and playing for only 35 games. For the second year in a row, the team was not able to carry its regular season success into the post-season. The New York Yankees eliminated the Twins for the second year in a row in four games in the 2004 American League Division Series.

Question: In the 2004 Minnesota Twins season, When was the player who injured his Knee and played only 35 games born ?
Answer: April 19, 1983
Middle Ages
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire. By 493 the Italian peninsula was conquered by the Ostrogoths. The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but while none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Mediterranean periphery and the Italian Peninsula (Gothic War) in the reign of Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.

Question: When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end?
Answer: 476
Conference USA Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year
The Conference USA Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year is an annual award given to the best freshman soccer player in Conference USA during the NCAA Division I men's soccer season. Several players have gone on to have professional careers. Most notably, Brad Davis and Vedad Ibišević
Vedad Ibišević
Vedad Ibišević (] ; born 6 August 1984) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains Bundesliga club Hertha BSC.
Vedad Ibišević
Ibišević started his professional career at Paris Saint-Germain. He had a two-year loan stint with Dijon, and afterwards went to Germany, where he played for Alemannia Aachen, 1899 Hoffenheim, VfB Stuttgart, before eventually settling in Hertha BSC. In 2008, he was awarded the "Idol Nacije" award for Bosnian Footballer of the Year.

Question: The Conference USA Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year has gone to the Bosnian player who plays for which Bundesliga club?
Answer: Hertha BSC
Kievan Rus'
The expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as vassals of the Magyars, blocking Rus' access to the Black Sea. In 894, the Magyars and Pechenegs were drawn into the wars between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire. The Byzantines arranged for the Magyars to attack Bulgarian territory from the north, and Bulgaria in turn persuaded the Pechenegs to attack the Magyars from their rear. Boxed in, the Magyars were forced to migrate further west across the Carpathian Mountains into the Hungarian plain, depriving the Khazars of an important ally and a buffer from the Rus'. The migration of the Magyars allowed Rus' access to the Black Sea, and they soon launched excursions into Khazar territory along the sea coast, up the Don river, and into the lower Volga region. The Rus' were raiding and plundering into the Caspian Sea region from 864, with the first large-scale expedition in 913, when they extensively raided Baku, Gilan, Mazandaran and penetrated into the Caucasus.

Question: What led to Khazar having to put more strain on its military?
Answer: expansion of the Rus
Madonna
Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in "Music" (2000) and "American Life" (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in "Music", with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to "Q" magazine, "American Life" was characterized by "a thumping techno rhythm, liquid keyboard lines, an acoustic chorus and a bizarre Madonna rap." The "conventional rock songs" of the album were suffused with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir in the song "Nothing Fails". Madonna returned to pure dance songs with "Confessions on a Dance Floor", infusing club beats and retro music with paradoxical and metaphorical lyrics. She moved to an urban direction musically with "Hard Candy" (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop with dance tunes. "MDNA" (2012) largely focused in electronic dance music, which she has embraced since "Ray of Light".

Question: What type of songs does Hard Candy have?
Answer: urban direction
Alps
Food is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been traditionally elaborately carved and in many Alpine countries carpentry skills are passed from generation to generation.

Question: Traditionally, what are meals served on? 
Answer: carved wooden plates
Independence Yankees
The Independence Yankees was the primary nickname of the minor league baseball teams in Independence, Kansas between 1896 and 1952. Independence was the site of the first night game in organized baseball on April 28, 1930. Independence played as an affiliate of the New York Yankees (1947-50) and St. Louis Browns (1952).
Independence Yankees
The 1921 Independence Producers were ranked #77 on The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams.
Mickey Mantle
Mickey Charles Mantle (October 20, 1931 – August 13, 1995), nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick, was an American professional baseball player. Mantle played his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1951–1968) with the New York Yankees as a center fielder, right fielder, and first baseman. Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history. Mantle was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.

Question: What  All-Century Team  member played for The Independence Yankees ?
Answer: Mickey Mantle
Mount Lofty
Mount Lofty ( , elevation 727 metres AHD) is the highest point in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges. It is located about 15 km east of the Adelaide city centre in South Australia, and has panoramic views of the city and the Adelaide plains to the west, and of the Picadilly Valley to the east.
Cleland Conservation Park
Cleland Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia about 22 km south-east of the Adelaide city centre. Cleland Conservation Park conserves a significant area of natural bushland on the Adelaide Hills face and includes the internationally popular "Cleland Wildlife Park" and the popular tourist destinations of Mount Lofty summit and Waterfall Gully. It is maintained by the South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR).

Question: Cleland Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia about 22 km south-east of the Adelaide city centre, it includes the popular tourist destination of Mount Lofty, the highest point in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges, in which country? 
Answer: Australia
National Quartet Convention
The first National Quartet Convention was held in 1957. J. D. Sumner, Cecil Blackwood and James Blackwood of The Blackwood Brothers were the founders of the famous National Quartet Convention formerly held in Memphis, Tennessee. The National Quartet Convention featured all the major gospel groups at a three-day event at the Ellis Auditorium in Memphis, Tennessee. After the first couple of years, the NQC was moved to Birmingham, Alabama in 1959 and Atlanta, Georgia in 1960. It returned to Memphis in 1961 and was drawing annual crowds of 20,000 by the mid-1960s. Sumner bought the convention in 1971 and moved it to Nashville, Tennessee in 1972, where it remained until 1993. After 1993, it was moved to a new home, Louisville, Kentucky. In 2014 the convention moved to Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, which is the home of the Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame.
The Blackwood Brothers
The Blackwood Brothers are an American southern gospel quartet. Pioneers of the Christian music industry, they are 8-time Grammy Award winners in addition to winning 7 Gospel Music Association Dove Awards. They are also members of the Memphis Music Hall of Fame, Gospel Music Hall of Fame, the Southern Gospel Museum and Hall of Fame.

Question: Which nine-time Grammy Award-winning gospel group helped found the National Quartet Convention?
Answer: The Blackwood Brothers