qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Ledo Pizza
Ledo Pizza is a pizzeria restaurant chain in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States headquartered in Annapolis, Maryland. Their first pizzeria was opened in Adelphi, Maryland, in 1955 on University Boulevard (Maryland Route 193) in Adelphi Shopping Center near the University of Maryland, College Park ( ). The first franchise was granted to the Fireside Restaurant in Berwyn Heights, Maryland, in 1979. Fireside Restaurant no longer exists. There are now over 100 restaurants in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, South Carolina,
Ledo Pizza
Ledo Pizza is rectangular in shape and is known for its very thin crust, sweet sauce, thick pepperoni (one per slice; optional), and smoked provolone cheese, often using the tagline "Ledo Pizza is square, because we don't cut corners."
America's Incredible Pizza Company
America's Incredible Pizza Company (AIPC) is an American restaurant chain based in Springfield, Missouri. The restaurants are pizza buffets and entertainment centers. The first restaurant opened in Springfield in 2002. The company has 1,200 employees, and a revenue of $64.1 million.

Question: Which pizza chain was founded earlier, America's Incredible Pizza Company or Ledo Pizza?
Answer: Ledo Pizza
Professional wrestling
With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism. Many courses, theses, essays and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's conventions, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theatre, sociology, performance, and media. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a course of study on the cultural significance of professional wrestling, and anthropologist Heather Levi has written an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre in Mexico

Question: What areas of study is wrestling talked about in?
Answer: theatre, sociology, performance, and media
Aidan Gillen
Aidan Gillen (Irish: Aodhán Ó Giolláin) ( ; born Aidan Murphy; 24 April 1968) is an Irish actor. He is known for his portrayal of Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish in the HBO series "Game of Thrones" (2011–2017), Dr. J. Allen Hynek in The History Channel's "Project Blue Book" (2019–2020), Tommy Carcetti in the HBO series "The Wire" (2004–2008), Stuart Alan Jones in the Channel 4 series "Queer as Folk" (1999–2000), John Boy in the RTÉ series "Love/Hate" (2010–2011), CIA operative Bill Wilson in "The Dark Knight Rises" (2012), Aberama Gold in the BBC One series "Peaky Blinders" (2017–2019), Queen's manager John Reid in "Bohemian Rhapsody" (2018); he also hosted seasons 10–13 of "Other Voices" (2011–2016).
Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials
Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (stylized onscreen simply as The Scorch Trials) is a 2015 American dystopian science fiction film based on James Dashner's 2010 novel "The Scorch Trials", the second novel in "The Maze Runner" book series. The film is the sequel to the 2014 film "The Maze Runner" and the second installment in "The Maze Runner" film series. It was directed by Wes Ball, with a screenplay by T.S. Nowlin. Adding to the original film's cast of Dylan O'Brien, Kaya Scodelario, Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Dexter Darden, Alexander Flores, Ki Hong Lee, and Patricia Clarkson, the new supporting cast includes Nathalie Emmanuel, Giancarlo Esposito, Aidan Gillen, Jacob Lofland, Barry Pepper, Rosa Salazar, Lili Taylor, and Alan Tudyk.

Question: Which Irish actor was added to The Maze Runner film series?
Answer: Aidan Gillen
Roman Republic
During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves are believed to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ruled 578–534). According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment. Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it. The phalanx was effective in large, open spaces, but not on the hilly terrain of the central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century, the Romans replaced it with the more flexible manipular formation. This change is sometimes attributed to Marcus Furius Camillus and placed shortly after the Gallic invasion of 390; more likely, it was copied from Rome's Samnite enemies to the south, following the Second Samnite War (326–304).

Question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?
Answer: Servius Tullius
Ottoman Empire
The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part of the latter. In 1861, there were 571 primary and 94 secondary schools for Ottoman Christians with 140,000 pupils in total, a figure that vastly exceeded the number of Muslim children in school at the same time, who were further hindered by the amount of time spent learning Arabic and Islamic theology. Author Norman Stone further suggests that the Arabic alphabet, which Turkish was written in until 1928, was very ill-suited to reflect the sounds of the Turkish language (which is a Turkic as opposed to Semitic language), which imposed a further difficulty on Turkish children. In turn, the higher educational levels of the Christians allowed them to play a larger role in the economy, with the rise in prominence of groups such as the Sursock family indicative of this shift in influence. In 1911, of the 654 wholesale companies in Istanbul, 528 were owned by ethnic Greeks. In many cases, Christians and also Jews were able to gain protection from European consuls and citizenship, meaning they were protected from Ottoman law and not subject to the same economic regulations as their Muslim counterparts.

Question: There were how many wholesale companies in Istanbul in 1911?
Answer: 654
Ed Chynoweth Trophy
The Ed Chynoweth Trophy is awarded to the leading scorer at the Memorial Cup tournament. It was first awarded in 1996. In the case of a tie in points, the award is given to the player with the fewest games played. If they have played the same number of games, the award goes to the player with the most goals scored. 
Ed Chynoweth Trophy
No player has won the award twice. Amongst the three leagues, a player from the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) has won the award eight times, while players representing the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) has won it five times and Western Hockey League (WHL) has won the award four times. The WHL's Vancouver Giants, the QMJHL's Hull/Gatineau Olympiqes and the Halifax Mooseheads have twice had one of their players win the award. Mitch Marner has the highest winning total for the award with 14 points, though he falls short of the tournament record of 16 points set by Jeff Larmer of the Kitchener Rangers in 1982 and Guy Rouleau of the Olympiques in 1986.
Mitch Marner
Mitchell Marner (born May 5, 1997) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player and alternate captain for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Marner was born in Markham, Ontario, and grew up in Thornhill. He was selected fourth overall by the Maple Leafs in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

Question: What is the nationality of the current holder of the Ed Chynoweth Trophy?
Answer: Canadian
Jules Bass
Jules Bass (born September 16, 1935) is an American director, producer, composer, lyricist, and author. Until 1960, he worked at a New York advertising agency, and then co-founded a film production company in New York. He joined ASCAP in 1963 and collaborated musically with Edward Thomas and James Polack.
Arthur Rankin Jr.
Arthur Gardner Rankin Jr. (July 19, 1924 – January 30, 2014) was an American director, producer and writer, who mostly worked in animation. Co-creator of Rankin/Bass Productions with his friend Jules Bass, he created stop-motion animation features such as "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer," "Frosty the Snowman," "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town," and the 1977 cartoon special of "The Hobbit". He is credited on over 1,000 television programs.

Question: Who was younger, Arthur Rankin Jr. or Jules Bass?
Answer: Jules Bass
DVB Bank
DVB Bank SE is part of the DZ BANK Group and a specialist in international transportation finance, based in Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
DZ Bank
DZ Bank AG is the second largest bank in Germany by asset size and the central institution for more than 900 co-operative banks and their 12,000 branch offices. Within the Volksbanken Raiffeisenbanken Co-operative financial network, which is one of Germany's largest private sector financial service organisations, DZ Bank functions both as a central institution and as a corporate and investment bank.

Question: DVB Bank SE is part of which second largest bank in Germany by asset size and the central institution for more than 1,000 co-operative banks and their 12,000 branch offices?
Answer: DZ Bank AG
City of Chester (UK Parliament constituency)
The City of Chester is a constituency created in 1545 (turned into a county division in 1885 and reformed in narrowed geographical guise in 1918) and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Chris Matheson of the Labour Party. 
1956 City of Chester by-election
The City of Chester by-election of 15 November 1956 was held after the appointment of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Basil Nield as Recorder of Manchester.

Question: When was the constituency which its by-election was on15 November 1956 created 
Answer: 1545
Douwe Egberts
Douwe Egberts is a Dutch brand of coffee which is majority-owned by Jacobs Douwe Egberts.
Douwe Egberts
It was founded in Joure, Netherlands, by Egbert Douwes in 1753 as De Witte Os ("The White Ox"), a general grocery shop. The company later started dealing specifically in coffee, tea, and tobacco. By 1925, it had changed its name to Douwe Egberts (as in Douwe, the son of Egbert) and introduced its logo, a red seal with a "D.E." initialism.
White Ox
White Ox is a rolling tobacco available worldwide. In Australia it is widely available to purchase from licensed tobacco retailers and is imported by Imperial Tobacco (Australia LTD). Originally it was produced by Douwe Egberts in the Netherlands. In 1998 the "White Ox" brand was acquired by Imperial Tobacco when Douwe Egbert sold off its hand-rolling tobacco business. White Ox tobacco is described on the packaging as a "Superior Dark Blend" of tobaccos. In the Australian market it was sold in 30 gram and 50 gram variant pouches. In March 2014 the 30 gram pouch was discontinued from sale and a 25 gram pouch introduced. Originally the 25 gram pouch was produced in New Zealand, but from late 2017 both the 50 and 25 gram pouches are now produced in The Netherlands.

Question: What is the name of the founder of the company that produced White Ox?
Answer: Douwe Egberts
Mehmetçik
Mehmetçik (literally: "Little Mehmet") is a general term used affectionately to refer soldiers of the Ottoman Army and Turkish Army. It is similar to the colloquialisms "Tommy Atkins", "Doughboy", and "Digger" used for the British, U.S., and Australian armies. Although it is used for especially infantryman (foot soldier), terms such like Piyade Mehmetçik (Infantryman Little Mehmet) and Süvari Mehmetçik (Cavalryman Little Mehmet), Topçu Mehmetçik (Artilleryman Little Mehmet) have occasionally been seen.
Tommy Atkins
Tommy Atkins (often just Tommy) is slang for a common soldier in the British Army. It was certainly well established during the nineteenth century, but is particularly associated with the First World War. It can be used as a term of reference, or as a form of address. German soldiers would call out to "Tommy" across no man's land if they wished to speak to a British soldier. French and Commonwealth troops would also call British soldiers "Tommies". In more recent times, the term Tommy Atkins has been used less frequently, although the name "Tom" is occasionally still heard; private soldiers in the British Army's Parachute Regiment are still referred to as "Toms".

Question: In what army is Mehmetçik slang for a common a common soldier?
Answer: Ottoman Army
Portugal
Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national, regional and local levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party, in addition to the Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party, which garner between 5 and 15% of the vote regularly.

Question: What percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get?
Answer: 5 and 15%
Franco-Prussian War
The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 mi from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn reinforcements which brought its strength up to 140,000 troops. The French had been slowly reinforced and their force numbered only 35,000. Although badly outnumbered, the French defended their position just outside Fröschwiller. By afternoon, the Germans had suffered  10,500 killed or wounded and the French had lost a similar number of casualties and another  9,200 men taken prisoner, a loss of about 50%. The Germans captured Fröschwiller which sat on a hilltop in the centre of the French line. Having lost any hope for victory and facing a massacre, the French army disengaged and retreated in a westerly direction towards Bitche and Saverne, hoping to join French forces on the other side of the Vosges mountains. The German 3rd army did not pursue the French but remained in Alsace and moved slowly south, attacking and destroying the French garrisons in the vicinity.

Question: On what date did the Battle of Worth begin?
Answer: 6 August
Solar energy
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator-facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.

Question: What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?
Answer: east and west
Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Leopoldo Torre Nilsson (5 May 1924 – 8 September 1978), also known as Leo Towers and as Babsy, was an Argentine film director, producer and screenwriter.
Mark Sandrich
Mark Sandrich (born Mark Rex Goldstein; October 26, 1900 – March 4, 1945) was an American film director, writer, and producer.

Question: Which industry did Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and Mark Sandrich both work in?
Answer: film
Pacific War
While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war. In 1942, the Japanese fleet submarines performed well, knocking out or damaging many Allied warships. However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war US) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not "guerre de course" (commerce raiding) could win naval campaigns. So, while the US had an unusually long supply line between its west coast and frontline areas, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance and only occasionally attacked US supply lines. The Japanese submarine offensive against Australia in 1942 and 1943 also achieved little.

Question: What was commerce raiding refered to as?
Answer: guerre de course
Milledgeville, Georgia
Milledgeville is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon and bordered on the east by the Oconee River. The rapid current of the river here made this an attractive location to build a city. It was the capital of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, including during the American Civil War. Milledgeville was preceded as the capital city by Louisville and was succeeded by Atlanta, the current capital. Today U.S. Highway 441 connects Milledgeville to Madison, Athens, and Dublin.
John Milledge Academy
John Milledge Academy, named after Georgia Governor John Milledge, is a private school located on a 40 acre campus on Log Cabin Road in Milledgeville, Georgia, United States. It is coed and nonsectarian, serving students in grades PK-12. Founded in 1971, John Milledge Academy is accredited by the Georgia Accrediting Commission, and is affiliated with Georgia Independent School Association (GISA).
John Milledge Academy
John Milledge Academy Inc. was chartered in 1971 and granted tax-exempt status in June of that year.

Question: When the city was the capital of Georgia where John Milledge Academy campus is located on?
Answer: 1804 to 1868
Middle Ages
Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilica is the use of a transept, or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave. Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building.

Question: What type of architecture did the Carolingian Empire bring back into use?
Answer: the basilica
Estonia
In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia completed most of its preparations for European Union membership by the end of 2002 and now has one of the strongest economies of the new member states of the European Union. Estonia joined the OECD in 2010.

Question: What was the worst economic year for Estonia after winning independence?
Answer: 1999
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress ( ) (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a political party in India with widespread roots. It is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Bharatiya Janata Party. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. 
P. Viswanathan
P. Viswanathan is an Indian politician and incumbent member of the Parliament of India from Kancheepuram Constituency. He represents the Indian National Congress party.

Question: What year was the party that P. Viswanathan represents founded?
Answer: 1885
Jake Lloyd
Jake Matthew Lloyd (born March 5, 1989), also known as Jake Broadbent, is an American former child actor who portrayed Anakin Skywalker in the 1999 film "", the first in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy.
Jake Lloyd
Jake Matthew Lloyd was born in Fort Collins, Colorado, the son of EMT William "Bill" Lloyd and entertainment agent Lisa Riley. He attended Carmel High School in Carmel, Indiana, where he graduated in 2007.
Jingle All the Way
Jingle All the Way is a 1996 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Brian Levant. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad as two rival fathers, workaholic Howard Langston (Schwarzenegger) and stressed out postal worker Myron Larabee (Sinbad), both desperately trying to purchase a Turbo-Man action figure for their respective sons on a last-minute shopping spree on Christmas Eve.

Question: Who is the actor who was in the first "Star Wars" prequel trilogy and in a Christmas comedy film?
Answer: Jake Lloyd
British Isles
The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. Following an attempted republican revolution in Ireland in 1798, the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown (effectively the British government). Although, the colonies of North America that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere. A century later it would cover one third of the globe. Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate, however, and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working classes. Mass migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK.

Question: What negative factor occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution in England?
Answer: terrible condition for the working class
Child labour
In 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are "creuseurs", that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants are owned by Chinese companies and 90 percent of the region's minerals go to China. An African NGO report claimed 80,000 child labourers under the age of 15, or about 40% of all miners, were supplying ore to Chinese companies in this African region.

Question: What percent of materials go to China?
Answer: 90 percent
Santa Monica, California
In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. They then ran outside to a getaway vehicle driven by a third Culver City gang member, who is now also in custody. The clothing store was believed to be a local hang out for Santa Monica gang members. The dead included two men from Northern California who had merely been visiting the store's owner, their cousin, to see if they could open a similar store in their area. Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by the Santa Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were gunned down.

Question: What two people were killed inside the store?
Answer: Anthony and Michael Juarez
Johnny Lipon
John Joseph Lipon (November 10, 1922 – August 17, 1998) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Browns and Cincinnati Redlegs over the course of nine seasons (1942; 1946; 1948–1954). The native of Martins Ferry, Ohio, threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 ft tall and weighed 175 lb . He served in the United States Navy during World War II in the Pacific Theater of Operations, as an aviation machinist's mate, third class.
Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award
The Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best manager in Minor League Baseball's Pacific Coast League (PCL) based on their team's regular season performance. Though the league was established in 1903, the award was not created until 1952. Managers, officials, and broadcasters from the 16 PCL teams and media representatives in each city across the league vote for the winner of the award. 
Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award
The only manager to have won the award on three occasions is Dan Rohn, who won in 2001, 2004, and 2005. Other managers with more than one award are Rocky Bridges, Stubby Clapp, Jim Lefebvre, and Jimy Williams, each with two wins. Lefebvre (1985 and 1986), Rohn (2004 and 2005), and Clapp (2017 and 2018) won the award in consecutive years.

Question: What management award was given to former shortstop of the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Browns and Cincinnati Reds in 1967?
Answer: Manager of the Year
Sofia
Sofia ( ; , ] ( ) ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city is situated in the eponymous valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea. 
1961 Summer Universiade
The 1961 Summer Universiade, also known as the II Summer Universiade, was an international sporting event for university students that took place in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Question: What is special about 1961 Summer Universiade and Sofia, Bulgaria
Answer: international sporting event
Macintosh
Smith's first Macintosh board was built to Raskin's design specifications: it had 64 kilobytes (kB) of RAM, used the 8-bit Motorola 6809E microprocessor, and was capable of supporting a 256×256-pixel black-and-white bitmap display. Bud Tribble, a member of the Mac team, was interested in running the Apple Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh and asked Smith whether he could incorporate Lisa's 68000 microprocessor into the Mac while still keeping the production cost down. By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a board that not only used the 68000 but increased its speed from Lisa's 5 MHz to 8 MHz; this board also had the capacity to support a 384×256-pixel display. Smith's design used fewer RAM chips than the Lisa, which made the production of the board significantly more cost-efficient. The final Mac design was self-contained and had the complete QuickDraw picture language and interpreter in 64 KB of ROM – far more than most other computers which typically had around 4 to 8 KB of ROM; it had 128 kB of RAM, in the form of sixteen 64-kilobit (kb) RAM chips soldered to the logicboard. Although there were no memory slots, its RAM was expandable to 512 kB by means of soldering sixteen IC sockets to accept 256 kb RAM chips in place of the factory-installed chips. The final product's screen was a 9 in , 512x342 pixel monochrome display, exceeding the size of the planned screen.

Question: What feature was missing from the final Mac design produced by Smith?
Answer: memory slots
Infection
The clearance of the pathogens, either treatment-induced or spontaneous, it can be influenced by the genetic variants carried by the individual patients. For instance, for genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with ribavirin, it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in the treatment-induced clearance of the virus. This finding, originally reported in Nature, showed that genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more possibly to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others. Later report from Nature demonstrated that the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.

Question: What is the brand name Pegasys for?
Answer: Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b
IPod
iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

Question: For what device's sales does Apple leverage the iTunes store?
Answer: iPods
Kaiser-Frazer
The Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1947–1951 as Kaiser-Frazer) was the result of a partnership between automobile executive Joseph W. Frazer and industrialist Henry J. Kaiser. In 1947, the company acquired the automotive assets of Graham-Paige, of which Frazer had become president near the end of World War II. Kaiser-Frazer was the only new US automaker to achieve success after World War II, if only for a few years. When Frazer left in 1951, the company renamed itself the Kaiser Motors Corporation and continued until 1955.
Frazer (automobile)
The Frazer (1946–1951) was the flagship line of upper-medium priced American luxury automobiles built by the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation of Willow Run Ypsilanti, Michigan, and was, with Crosley, the first American car with new envelope body and fresh postwar styling.

Question: The Frazer (1946–1951) was the flagship line of upper-medium priced American luxury automobiles built by which organization, the result of a partnership between automobile executive Joseph W. Frazer and industrialist Henry J. Kaiser?
Answer: Kaiser-Frazer Corporation
Bisphenol A
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH)C(CHOH) belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water (0.344 wt % at 83 °C).
Bisphenol A
BPA is a precursor to important plastics, primarily certain polycarbonates and epoxy resins, as well as some polysulfones and certain niche materials. BPA-based plastic is clear and tough, and is made into a variety of common consumer goods, such as plastic bottles including water bottles, food storage containers (commonly called "Tupperware"), baby bottles, sports equipment, CDs, and DVDs. Epoxy resins derived from BPA are used to line water pipes, as coatings on the inside of many food and beverage cans, and in making thermal paper such as that used in sales receipts. In 2015, an estimated 4 million tonnes of BPA-derived chemical were produced, making it one of the highest volume of chemicals produced worldwide.
Twinwall plastic
Twin-wall plastic, specifically twin-wall polycarbonate, is an extruded multi-wall polymer product created for applications where its strength, thermally insulative properties, and moderate cost are ideal. Polycarbonate, which is most commonly formed through the reaction of Bisphenol A and Carbonyl Chloride, is an extremely versatile material. It is significantly lighter than glass, while managing to be stronger, more flexible, and more impact resistant. Twin-wall polycarbonate is used most commonly for green houses, where it can support itself in a structurally sound configuration, limit the amount of UV light due to its nominal translucence, and can withstand the rigors of daily abuse in an outdoor environment. The stagnant air in the cellular space between sheets provides insulation, and additional cell layers can be extruded to enhance insulative properties at the cost of light transmission.

Question: What is formed through a reaction of (CH)C(CHOH) and Carbonyl Chloride?
Answer: Polycarbonate
Qing dynasty
These years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title "Tongzhi" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881, Ci'an suddenly died, aged only forty-three, leaving Cixi as sole regent.

Question: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?
Answer: 1875
Glass
The term "glass" developed in the late Roman Empire. It was in the Roman glassmaking centre at Trier, now in modern Germany, that the late-Latin term "glesum" originated, probably from a Germanic word for a transparent, lustrous substance. Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire in domestic, funerary, and industrial contexts. Examples of Roman glass have been found outside of the former Roman Empire in China, the Baltics, the Middle East and India. The Romans perfected Cameo glass, produced by etching and carving through fused layers of different colours to produce a design in relief on the glass object.

Question: In what current country is Trier located?
Answer: Germany
Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe
Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe (or, informally, Commando Cody) is a 1953 American black-and-white multi-chapter movie serial from Republic Pictures, which began life as a proposed syndicated television series. It consisted of twelve 25-minute sequential episodes directed by Harry Keller, Franklin Adreon, and Fred C. Brannon, that stars Judd Holdren, Aline Towne, Gregory Gaye, William Schallert, Richard Crane, and Craig Kelly.
Gregory Gaye
Gregory Gaye (born Gregory de Gay; October 10, 1900 – August 23, 1993) was a Russian-American character actor. The son of an actor, he was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was the uncle of actor George Gaynes.

Question: Who is a Russian-American actor that starred in Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe?
Answer: Gregory Gaye
51st state
Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import and export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, thereby contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, those who do business with the federal government, Puerto Rico–based corporations that intend to send funds to the U.S. and others do pay federal income taxes. Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military. Puerto Ricans have participated in all American wars since 1898; 52 Puerto Ricans had been killed in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan by November 2012.

Question: How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?
Answer: 52
Fat Tony (The Simpsons)
Marion Anthony "Fat Tony" D'Amico is a recurring character in the animated sitcom "The Simpsons". He is voiced by Joe Mantegna and first appeared in the third season episode "Bart the Murderer". Fat Tony is a gangster and the underboss of the Springfield Mafia. His henchmen include Legs, Louie, and Johnny Tightlips, and he answers to Don Vittorio DiMaggio. The character somewhat resembles real-life mobster "Fat Tony" Salerno.
Fat Tony (The Simpsons)
"Fat Tony" D'Amico was behind several of Springfield's criminal enterprises. His rackets included illegal gambling, cigarette smuggling, and bootlegging. In "The Twisted World of Marge Simpson", Homer contracts with the mafia to drive out Marge's rival snack food distributors. Fat Tony took out a hit on Mayor Quimby in "Mayored to the Mob" in retaliation for a raid on their rat milk facility, which Quimby opposed, as they had promised him "dog or higher". Fat Tony puts out a contract on Homer after his private security business interferes with the mob's interests in "Poppa's Got a Brand New Badge". Homer would have been executed gangland-style if not for Maggie coming to the rescue with her rifle. Fat Tony's son Michael is first mentioned by Fat Tony as he is talking to Marge in "The Seven-Beer Snitch", saying she drove him home from school sometimes. He is then properly introduced in the episode "The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer". The episode also reveals that Fat Tony's wife "was whacked by 'natural causes'." Fat Tony and his associates meet in what is known as the "Legitimate Businessman's Social Club". Fat Tony played the violin in "Insane Clown Poppy". Fat Tony dies in the twenty-second season episode "Donnie Fatso" from a heart attack with his final words to Homer being "I loved you man."
Bart the Murderer
"Bart the Murderer" is the fourth episode of "The Simpsons"' third season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 10, 1991. In the episode, Bart stumbles upon a Mafia bar after having a terrible day at school. The owner of the bar, mobster Fat Tony, hires Bart as a bartender. When Principal Skinner goes missing after punishing him at school, Bart is put on trial for his murder.
Bart the Murderer
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Rich Moore. Fat Tony (voiced by Joe Mantegna) and his henchmen, Legs and Louie, made their first appearances on "The Simpsons". The episode features cultural references to songs such as "Witchcraft" and "One Fine Day", and the American television series "MacGyver".

Question: What  American actor, producer, writer and director started his recurring role on "The Simpsons" in 1991?
Answer: Joe Mantegna
New Haven, Connecticut
Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.

Question: Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage?
Answer: new upscale restaurants
Belly (band)
Belly is an alternative rock band formed in Rhode Island in 1991 by former Throwing Muses and Breeders member Tanya Donelly. The original lineup consisted of Donelly on vocals and guitar, Fred Abong on bass, and brothers Tom and Chris Gorman on guitar and drums respectively. The band released two albums during the early 1990s alternative rock boom before breaking up in 1995. They reunited in 2016, and mounted limited tours in the United States and United Kingdom that year. 
Belly (band)
All four original members knew each other from high-school on Aquidneck Island, Rhode Island – the Gormans and Abong coming out of the Newport hardcore scene (the Gormans having played in Verbal Assault, Abong in Vicious Circle). Donelly had previously been a member of two Boston-based indie rock bands, Throwing Muses and The Breeders. In 1993, their debut album "Star" was released, and its lead single "Feed the Tree" would be Belly's biggest hit song, peaking at number one on "Billboard's" Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 95 on the Hot 100. Several additional singles from the album also appeared on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.
Big Audio Dynamite
Big Audio Dynamite (later known as Big Audio Dynamite II and Big Audio, and often abbreviated BAD) are an English band formed in London in 1984 by Mick Jones, the former lead guitarist of the Clash, who has been their only constant member. The band mixed various musical styles, incorporating elements of punk rock, dance music, hip hop, reggae, and funk. After releasing a number of well-received albums and touring extensively throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Big Audio Dynamite broke up in 1997. In 2011, the band embarked on a reunion tour.

Question: Which band was formed first, "Big Audio Dynamite" or "Belly"?
Answer: Big Audio Dynamite
Slavs
Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (circa 577–579) who slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I for asking the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars; Daurentius declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us".

Question: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?
Answer: Khagan Bayan I
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP). It was founded in 1944 as the successor to the United Australia Party (UAP).
John Delzoppo
John Delzoppo (born 3 December 1931) is an Australian retired politician who was Speaker of the Parliament of Victoria from 1992–1996 as part of the Liberal Kennett Government.

Question: John Delzoppo was the Speaker of the Parliament of Victoria under the governance of which political party?
Answer: The Liberal Party of Australia
Copyright infringement
The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and take actions once the infringing content is brought to their attention. In U.S. law this is characterized as "safe harbor" provisions. Under European law, the governing principles for Internet Service Providers are "mere conduit", meaning that they are neutral 'pipes' with no knowledge of what they are carrying; and 'no obligation to monitor' meaning that they cannot be given a general mandate by governments to monitor content. These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement.

Question: What was attempted to be amended in 2009 to support new ways to prevent copyright infringement?
Answer: European Telecoms Package
Ebenezer Howard
Sir Ebenezer Howard {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (29 January 1850 – 1 May 1928) was an English urban planner and founder of the garden city movement, known for his publication "" (1898), the description of a utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature. The publication resulted in the founding of the garden city movement, and the building of the first garden city, Letchworth Garden City, commenced in 1903. 
Garden city movement
The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. The idea was initiated in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom and aims to capture the primary benefits of a countryside environment and a city environment while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. Howard was knighted in 1927. During his lifetime Letchworth, Brentham Garden Suburb and Welwyn Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard’s concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.

Question:  The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture, the idea was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard, (29 January 1850 – 1 May 1928), the English founder of the garden city movement, is known for his publication, in which year?
Answer: 1898
Quran
Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran ("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water before touching a copy of the Quran, although this view is not universal. Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water.

Question: Which are the safest places to inter an older copy of the Quran?
Answer: a mosque or a Muslim cemetery
Tibet
The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations. The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling more directly under Chinese rule after the Battle of Chamdo; most of this area was eventually incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century.

Question: When did the Tibetan empire emerge?
Answer: 7th century
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde ("Little Ayşe and the Magic Dwarfs in the Land of Dreams") is a 1971 film by Turkish film director Tunç Başaran, an uncredited and very close adaptation by Hamdi Değirmencioğlu of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". The film was produced by Özdemir Birsel for Hisar (Citadel) Film. It is one of nearly forty films featuring Zeynep Değirmencioğlu as Ayşecik, many of which, like this one, were uncredited adaptations of famous stories, for example, "Sinderella Külkedisi" (Cinderella) (Süreyya Duru, 1971), "Hayat Sevince Güzel" [literally, "Loving makes life beautiful"] (Pollyanna) (Temel Gürsu, 1971), and "Pamuk Prenses ve 7 Cüceler" (Snow White) (Ertem Göreç, 1970).
L. Frank Baum
Baum was born in Chittenango, New York, in 1856 into a devout Methodist family. He had German, Scots-Irish and English ancestry. He was the seventh of nine children of Cynthia Ann (née Stanton) and Benjamin Ward Baum, only five of whom survived into adulthood. "Lyman" was the name of his father's brother, but he always disliked it and preferred his middle name "Frank".
L. Frank Baum
His father succeeded in many businesses, including barrel-making, oil drilling in Pennsylvania, and real estate. Baum grew up on his parents' expansive estate called Rose Lawn, which he fondly recalled as a sort of paradise. Rose Lawn was located in Mattydale, New York. Frank was a sickly, dreamy child, tutored at home with his siblings. From the age of 12, he spent two miserable years at Peekskill Military Academy but, after being severely disciplined for daydreaming, he had a possibly psychogenic heart attack and was allowed to return home.

Question: Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde ("Little Ayşe and the Magic Dwarfs in the Land of Dreams")released in which year, is a film, an uncredited and very close adaptation by Hamdi Değirmencioğlu of L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"?
Answer: 1971