qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Richmond, Virginia
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. It entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture.

Question: Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
1978 FIFA World Cup Final
The 1978 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match played to determine the winner of the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The match was contested by hosts Argentina and the Netherlands, in the biggest stadium used in the tournament and in Argentina, the Estadio Monumental in the Argentine capital city of Buenos Aires. The match was won by the Argentine squad in extra time by a score of 3–1. Mario Kempes, who finished as the tournament's top scorer, was named the man of the match. The Netherlands lost their second World Cup final in a row, both times to the host nation, after losing to West Germany in 1974.
Sergio Gonella
Sergio Gonella (] ; 23 May 1933 – 19 June 2018) was an Italian businessman (Bank Manager) and a noted football referee. He was the first Italian appointed to referee the FIFA World Cup final, which occurred when he took charge of the 1978 final between hosts Argentina and the Netherlands. He is one of only two persons (the other being the Swiss Gottfried Dienst) to have refereed both the European Championship final and the World Cup Final. In 2013, he was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.

Question: In which score the Argentine squad won where Sergio Gonella was appointed to referee?
Answer: 3–1
Richmond, Virginia
Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassical former 1919 Broad Street Union Station. Immediately adjacent is the Children's Museum of Richmond, and two blocks away, the Virginia Center for Architecture. Within the downtown are the Library of Virginia and the Valentine Richmond History Center. Elsewhere are the Virginia Holocaust Museum and the Old Dominion Railway Museum.

Question: How far away from the Virginia Center for Architecture is the Children's Museum of Richmond?
Answer: two blocks
Macintosh
Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States that had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 5% (estimated in 2009) to 16% (estimated in 2005).

Question: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2003?
Answer: 2.06
Jean Marsh
Jean Lyndsey Torren Marsh {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born July 1, 1934) is an English actress and writer. She co-created and starred in the ITV series "Upstairs, Downstairs" (1971–75), for which she won the 1975 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as Rose Buck. She later reprised the role in the BBC's revival of the series (2010–12). 
Jean Marsh
Marsh also co-created the television series "The House of Eliott" in 1991. Her film appearances include "Cleopatra" (1963), "Frenzy" (1972), "The Changeling" (1980), "Return to Oz" (1985), "Willow" (1988), "Fatherland" (1994) and "Monarch" (2000).
Willow (film)
Willow is a 1988 American dark fantasy drama film directed by Ron Howard, produced and with a story by George Lucas, and starring Warwick Davis, Val Kilmer, Joanne Whalley, Jean Marsh, and Billy Barty. Davis plays the eponymous lead character and hero: a reluctant farmer who plays a critical role in protecting a special baby from a tyrannical queen who vows to destroy her and take over the world in a high fantasy setting.

Question: This British-American high fantasy film directed by Ron Howard starred an English actress and writer who co-created and starred in what ITV series?
Answer: Upstairs, Downstairs
Massachusetts Circular Letter
The Massachusetts Circular Letter was a statement written by Samuel Adams and James Otis Jr., and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives (as constituted in the government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, not the current constitution) in February 1768 in response to the Townshend Acts. Reactions to the letter brought heightened tensions between the British Parliament and Massachusetts, and resulted in the military occupation of Boston by the British Army, which contributed to the coming of the American Revolution.
James Otis Jr.
James Otis Jr. (February 5, 1725 – May 23, 1783) was an American lawyer, political activist, pamphleteer, and legislator in Boston, a member of the Massachusetts provincial assembly, and an early advocate of the Patriot views against the policy of Parliament which led to the American Revolution. His well-known catchphrase "Taxation without Representation is tyranny" became the basic Patriot position.

Question: Which author wrote the statement "The Massachusetts Circular Letter" who was a lawyer in colonial Massachusetts and a patriot against the British rule?
Answer: James Otis Jr.
Anti-aircraft warfare
As aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the forces were adding various machine-gun based weapons mounted on poles. These short-range weapons proved more deadly, and the "Red Baron" is believed to have been shot down by an anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun. When the war ended, it was clear that the increasing capabilities of aircraft would require better means of acquiring targets and aiming at them. Nevertheless, a pattern had been set: anti-aircraft warfare would employ heavy weapons to attack high-altitude targets and lighter weapons for use when aircraft came to lower altitudes.

Question: Heavy weapons shot at high-altitude targets and what shot at low-altitude targets?
Answer: lighter weapons
Botany
Plants and various other groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes collectively known as "algae" have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue-green pigment chlorophyll "a". Chlorophyll "a" (as well as its plant and green algal-specific cousin chlorophyll "b") absorbs light in the blue-violet and orange/red parts of the spectrum while reflecting and transmitting the green light that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms. The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy-rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O) as a by-product.

Question: What color is chlorophyll?
Answer: blue-green
Antibiotic
Antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Protein synthesis inhibitors (macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as gram-negative or gram-positive, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year break in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin).

Question: Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified?
Answer: mechanism of action
Nonprofit organization
In Australia, nonprofit organizations include trade unions, charitable entities, co-operatives, universities and hospitals, mutual societies, grass-root and support groups, political parties, religious groups, incorporated associations, not-for-profit companies, trusts and more. Furthermore, they operate across a multitude of domains and industries, from health, employment, disability and other human services to local sporting clubs, credit unions, and research institutes. A nonprofit organization in Australia can choose from a number of legal forms depending on the needs and activities of the organization: co-operative, company limited by guarantee, unincorporated association, incorporated association (by the Associations Incorporation Act 1985) or incorporated association or council (by the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act 1976). From an academic perspective, social enterprise is, for the most part, considered a sub-set of the nonprofit sector as typically they too are concerned with a purpose relating to a public good. However, these are not bound to adhere to a nonprofit legal structure, and many incorporate and operate as for-profit entities.

Question: What does the Associations Incorporation Act cover?
Answer: incorporated association
Augustus
Augustus (Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was a Roman statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was the first ruler of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the "Pax Romana". The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession.
Augustus
Augustus was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian "gens" Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, taking the name Octavian ( ). Along with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as "de facto" dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.
Augustalia
The Augustalia, also known as the Ludi Augustales ("Augustan Games"), was a festival celebrated October 12 in honor of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. It was established in conjunction with an altar to Fortuna Redux to mark the return of Augustus from Asia Minor to Rome in 19 BC. The pontiffs and Vestals conducted sacrifices, and the date became a holiday "(feriae)" on the official religious calendar of Rome.

Question: The Augustalia was a festival celebreated in honor of a man that had what name at birth?
Answer: Gaius Octavius
Suresh Raina
Suresh Raina ( ; born 27 November 1986) is an Indian international cricketer. An aggressive left-handed middle-order batsman and an occasional off-spin bowler, he is also regarded as one of the best fielders in world cricket. He plays for Uttar Pradesh in all forms of domestic cricket. He was the captain of the Gujarat Lions in the Indian Premier League, and is the vice-captain of the Chennai Super Kings. He has also captained the Indian cricket team and is the second-youngest player ever to captain India. He is the first Indian batsman to hit a century in all three formats of international cricket.
Gujarat Lions in 2016
The Gujarat Lions are a franchise cricket team based in Rajkot, Gujarat, India, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). They are one of the eight teams competing in the 2016 Indian Premier League. They are captained by Suresh Raina and coached by Brad Hodge.

Question: Who is the second youngest cricket captain to play in the 2016 Indian Premier League?
Answer: Suresh Raina
Yes Man (film)
Yes Man is a 2008 romantic-comedy film directed by Peyton Reed, written by Nicholas Stoller, Jarrad Paul, and Andrew Mogel and starring Jim Carrey and co-starring Zooey Deschanel. The film is based loosely on the 2005 book of the same name by humorist Danny Wallace, who also makes a cameo appearance in the film.
Sasha Alexander
Suzana Drobnjaković (born May 17, 1973), known by her stage name Sasha Alexander, is an American actress. She played Gretchen Witter on "Dawson's Creek" and has acted in films including "Yes Man" (2008) and "He's Just Not That Into You" (2009). Alexander played Caitlin Todd for the first two seasons of "NCIS". From July 2010 through September 2016, Alexander starred as Maura Isles in the TNT series "Rizzoli & Isles".

Question: What film staring Jim Carry did Sasha Alexander act in?
Answer: Yes Man
Paris
The "Bibliothèque nationale de France" (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and Arsenal Library. There are three public libraries in the 4th arrondissement. The Forney Library, in the Marais district, is dedicated to the decorative arts; the Arsenal Library occupies a former military building, and has a large collection on French literature; and the Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, also in Le Marais, contains the Paris historical research service. The Sainte-Geneviève Library is in 5th arrondissement; designed by Henri Labrouste and built in the mid-1800s, it contains a rare book and manuscript division. Bibliothèque Mazarine, in the 6th arrondissement, is the oldest public library in France. The Médiathèque Musicale Mahler in the 8th arrondissement opened in 1986 and contains collections related to music. The François Mitterrand Library (nicknamed "Très Grande Bibliothèque") in the 13th arrondissement was completed in 1994 to a design of Dominique Perrault and contains four glass towers.

Question: Who operates the public libraries in Paris?
Answer: Bibliothèque nationale de France
Dog
The dog ("Canis familiaris" when considered a distinct species or "Canis lupus familiaris" when considered a subspecies of the wolf) is a domesticated carnivoran of the family Canidae. It is part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct. The dog was the first species to be domesticated, and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Question: Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?
Answer: sensory capabilities
Erik Van Looy
Erik Ludovicus Maria Van Looy (] ) is a Belgian film director known for his thriller movies. He was born on 26 April 1962.
Gaspar Noé
Gaspar Noé (] ; ] ; born 27 December 1963) is an Argentine filmmaker based in Paris, France. He is the son of Argentine painter, writer and intellectual Luis Felipe Noé. He has directed five feature films: "I Stand Alone" (1998), "Irréversible" (2002), "Enter the Void" (2009), "Love" (2015), and "Climax" (2018).

Question: Which filmmaker is from Argenitina, Gaspar Noé or Erik Van Looy?
Answer: Gaspar Noé
Hardcore (2001 film)
Hardcore is a 2001 British documentary film directed by Stephen Walker. The film's music was composed by Richard Attree. The film starring Robert Black, David Christopher, Mark Handel, Max Hardcore, Brandon Iron and Mr. Marcus in the lead roles.
Mr. Marcus
Mr. Marcus (born September 4, 1970) is the stage name of Jesse Spencer, an American actor and director known for acting in or directing over 1,800 pornographic films.

Question: Who scored the documentary that stars pornographic actor Jesse Spencer?
Answer: Richard Attree
Geoff Masters
Geoff Masters (born 19 September 1950) is an Australian former tennis player. He was part of doubles winning pairs in the US Open, Australian Open and Wimbledon tournaments during the 1970s.
Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is a retired American world No. 1 tennis player. He held the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) ranking for a then-record 160 consecutive weeks from 1974 to 1977 and a career total of 268 weeks.

Question: Are Geoff Masters and Jimmy Connors both former tennis players?
Answer: yes
Classical music
Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked "[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?" Citron "examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works." She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the "..."Concise Oxford History of Music", Clara S[c]humann is one of the only ["sic"] female composers mentioned." Abbey Philips states that "[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts."

Question: What gender are most composers described in music textbooks?
Answer: male
Paris
A further 103,648 in the City of Paris and in 412,114 in the Paris Region were born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth. This concerns in particular the many Christians and Jews from North Africa who moved to France and Paris after the times of independence and are not counted as immigrants due to their being born French citizens. The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the City of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world.

Question: How many immigrants to Paris in 2012 were from the Maghreb?
Answer: 112,369
Economy of Greece
In the 2005 OECD report for Greece, it was clearly stated that "the impact of new accounting rules on the fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999 ranged from 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP; this retroactive change of methodology was responsible for the revised deficit exceeding 3% in 1999, the year of [Greece's] EMU membership qualification". The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met.

Question: What methodology was in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification?
Answer: ESA79
Bee Gees
were a music group formed in 1958. Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were especially successful as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and later as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to-late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to-late 1970s and 1980s. The Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists. The Bee Gees are widely referred to by many critics, media outlets and fellow artists as the "Kings of Disco".
Saturday Night Fever (musical)
Saturday Night Fever is a 1998 jukebox musical based on the 1977 film "Saturday Night Fever". Its book is by Nan Knighton (in collaboration with Arlene Phillips, Paul Nicholas, and Robert Stigwood), and the songs mostly consist of songs that were featured in the film's soundtrack, which in turn were mostly written and performed by the Bee Gees.
Saturday Night Fever (musical)
The musical focuses on Tony Manero, an Italian-American Brooklyn youth whose weekend is spent at the local discotheque. There he luxuriates in the admiration of the crowd and a growing relationship with Stephanie Mangano, and can temporarily forget the realities of his life, including a dead-end job in a paint store and his gang of deadbeat friends. In an effort to make it a family-friendly show, many of the film's darker elements, including references to racial conflict, drug use, and violence, were eliminated from the plot.

Question: Who are the members of this band who wrote the music and lyrics for the musical "Saturday Night Fever?"
Answer: Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb
Nokia 130 (2017)
Nokia 130 (2017) is a Nokia-branded mobile phone developed by HMD Global. It was released on 17 July 2017. It comes with black, white, and red colors.
HMD Global
HMD Global Oy, branded as HMD, is a Finnish mobile phone company, made up of the mobile phone business that Nokia had sold to Microsoft in 2014, then bought back in 2016. HMD "Oy" (limited company) began marketing smartphones and feature phones under the Nokia brand on 1 December 2016. The company has exclusive rights to the Nokia brand for mobile phones through a licensing agreement. The company was created by inheriting Microsoft Mobile's feature phone business, which was sold to Microsoft by Nokia in 2014. HMD is in a partnership with Google, and uses the Android operating system under the Android One program on their smartphones, whereas HMD's feature phones use the Series 30+ platform, or most recently, the Firefox OS-derived KaiOS. The HMD brand is only used for corporate purposes and does not appear in advertising, whereas the name Nokia Mobile is used on social media.

Question: When did the company that developed the Nokia 130 start operating?
Answer: December 2016
MP3
An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "bit reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio information in terms of frequencies and amplitudes. The diagram shows that the MP3 Header consists of a sync word, which is used to identify the beginning of a valid frame. This is followed by a bit indicating that this is the MPEG standard and two bits that indicate that layer 3 is used; hence MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3. After this, the values will differ, depending on the MP3 file. "ISO/IEC 11172-3" defines the range of values for each section of the header along with the specification of the header. Most MP3 files today contain ID3 metadata, which precedes or follows the MP3 frames, as noted in the diagram. The data stream can contain an optional checksum.

Question: What is used to identify the begining of a valid frame of an MP3 header?
Answer: dard
Circadian rhythm
The primary circadian clock in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains "classical" photoreceptors ("rods" and "cones"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.

Question: Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans?
Answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus
Richard Tucholka
Richard Tucholka (February 9, 1954 - April 27, 2017) was a writer, game designer and publisher, best known for his work in the creation of the role-playing games "Fringeworthy" and "".
Fringeworthy
Fringeworthy is a role-playing game first published in 1982 by Tri Tac Games. In 1984, a second edition saw a print run of 4000 and new expanded version was released in 1992. "Fringeworthy" is famous for being the first alternate history adventure role-playing game ever published. In 2009, Tri Tac Games released a "d20 Modern" edition.
Fringeworthy
2013: A Japanese research team in the Antarctic finds a gateway to Alien and Alternate Earths. Sayuri Tanuma became the first known Fringeworthy, a person with the special ability that lets one use the Fringepaths. She explored our local system and our nearest Alternate Earths, meeting an alien named Schmert.

Question: Richard Tucholka best known for his work in the creation of a role-playing game first published in 1982 by what company?
Answer: Tri Tac Games
Comcast
Despite these criticisms, Comcast has appeared on multiple "top places to work" lists. In 2009, it was included on "CableFAX" magazine's "Top 10 Places to Work in Cable", which cited its "scale, savvy and vision". Similarly, the "Philadelphia Business Journal" awarded Comcast the silver medal among extra-large companies in Philadelphia, with the gold medal going to partner organization, Comcast-Spectacor. "The Boston Globe" found Comcast to be that city's top place to work in 2009. Employee diversity is also an attribute upon which Comcast receives strong marks. In 2008, "Black Enterprise" magazine rated Comcast among the top 15 companies for workforce diversity. Comcast was also named a "Top 2014 Workplace" by "The Washington Post" in their annual feature. The Human Rights Campaign has given Comcast a 100 on the Corporate Equality Index and one of the best places for LGBT people to work

Question: What magazine listed Comcast as one of its top places to work?
Answer: CableFAX
Eau Claire Commissioners
The Eau Claire Commissioners were a Minnesota–Wisconsin League minor league baseball team that played under that name from 1910 to 1912. The team was based in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Notably, Major League Baseball Hall of Famer Burleigh Grimes played for the team. Jack Kading played for the club when they were the Puffs.
Burleigh Grimes
Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball. Grimes made the most of this advantage, winning 270 games, and pitched in four World Series over the course of his 19-year career. He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1954, and to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964.

Question: The Eau Claire Commissioners were a Minnesota–Wisconsin League minor league baseball team that played under that name from 1910 to 1912, Notably, which Major League Baseball Hall of Famer played for the team, an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball?
Answer: Burleigh Arland Grimes
Ajay Devgn
Vishal Devgan (born 2 April 1969), known professionally as Ajay Devgn, is an Indian film actor, director and producer. He is widely considered as one of the most intense and influential actors of Hindi cinema, who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films. Devgn has won numerous accolades, including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards. In 2016, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour of the country.
Shaktiman (1993 film)
Shaktiman is 1993 Hindi film directed by K.C. Bokadia and starring Ajay Devgn, Karisma Kapoor, Mukesh Khanna, Kulbhushan Kharbanda. Other cast members include Gulshan Grover, Ajit Khan, Parikshat Sahni, Tiku Talsania, Anjana Mumtaz, Beena, and Mahavir Shah.

Question: In which year did the lead actor of Shaktiman receive the Padma Shri?
Answer: 2016
Glass
The most commercially important property of glass-ceramics is their imperviousness to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking and industrial processes. The negative thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the crystalline ceramic phase can be balanced with the positive CTE of the glassy phase. At a certain point (~70% crystalline) the glass-ceramic has a net CTE near zero. This type of glass-ceramic exhibits excellent mechanical properties and can sustain repeated and quick temperature changes up to 1000 °C.

Question: What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 0?
Answer: ~70%
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; Russian: , ] ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in Russia and the administrative center (capital) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky ( , ] ), after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there.
Nizhny Novgorod
The city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about east of Moscow, where the Oka River empties into the Volga. Population:  (2010 Census) ;  (2002 Census) ;  (1989 Census) 
Kstovo
Kstovo ( ) is a town and the administrative center of Kstovsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, 22 km southeast of Nizhny Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  (2010 Census) ;  (2002 Census) ;  (1989 Census)

Question: the town of Kstovo is 22 km southeast of a city that is the capital of which federal district ?
Answer: Volga Federal District
Memphis Hustle
The Memphis Hustle are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League as an affiliate of the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Based in the Greater Memphis suburb of Southaven, Mississippi, the team plays their home games at the Landers Center.
Landers Center
The Landers Center is a 8400-seat multi-purpose arena in Southaven, Mississippi. It was built in 2000. It is home to the Memphis Hustle of the NBA G League, a minor league basketball team affiliated with the Memphis Grizzlies.
Landers Center
Several now-defunct teams have called the Landers Center home. These teams include the Memphis Xplorers of the AF2, the Memphis Houn'Dawgs of the American Basketball Association, and the Memphis (and later) Mississippi RiverKings of the Central Hockey League and Southern Professional Hockey League.

Question: What multi-purpose arena in Southaven, Mississippi is the home of the Memphis Hustle and the Mississippi RiverKings?
Answer: The Landers Center
Ming–Tibet relations
The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama, after increasing their presence in the Amdo region. This culminated in Güshi Khan's (1582–1655) conquest of Tibet from 1637–1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.

Question: Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?
Answer: the Mongols
Saint Casimir
Saint Casimir Jagiellon ( , , ; October 3, 1458 – March 4, 1484) was a prince of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Second son of King Casimir IV Jagiellon, he was tutored by Johannes Longinus, a Polish chronicler and diplomat. After his elder brother Vladislaus was elected as King of Bohemia in 1471, Casimir became the heir apparent. At the age of 13, Casimir participated in the failed military campaign to install him as King of Hungary. He became known for his piety, devotion to God, and generosity towards the sick and poor. He became ill (most likely with tuberculosis) and died at the age of 25. He was buried in Vilnius Cathedral and his cult grew. His canonization was initiated by his brother King Sigismund I the Old in 1514 and the tradition holds that he was canonized in 1521.
San Casimiro
San Casimiro de Güiripa is a city in the state of Aragua, Venezuela. It is the shire town of the San Casimiro Municipality. It is named after Saint Casimir.

Question: Who was the tutor of the person San Casimiro is named after?
Answer: Johannes Longinus
Ramón del Valle-Inclán
Ramón María del Valle-Inclán y de la Peña (in Vilanova de Arousa, Galicia, Spain, 28 October 1866 – Santiago de Compostela, 5 January 1936) was a Spanish dramatist, novelist and member of the Spanish Generation of 98. He is considered perhaps the most noteworthy and certainly the most radical dramatist working to subvert the traditionalism of the Spanish theatrical establishment in the early part of the 20th century. His drama is made all the more important by its influence on later generations of Spanish dramatists. 
Michel Leiris
Julien Michel Leiris (] ; April 20, 1901 in Paris – September 30, 1990 in Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer. Part of the Surrealist group in Paris, Leiris became a key member of the College of Sociology with Georges Bataille and head of research in ethnography at the CNRS.

Question: Ramón del Valle-Inclán and Michel Leiris, are in which shared industry?
Answer: writer
Elisabeth Shue
Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress, best known for her starring roles in the films "The Karate Kid" (1984), "Adventures in Babysitting" (1987), "Cocktail" (1988), "Back to the Future Part II" (1989), "Back to the Future Part III" (1990), "Soapdish" (1991), "Leaving Las Vegas" (1995), "The Saint" (1997), "Hollow Man" (2000), and "Piranha 3D" (2010). She has won several acting awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. She starred as Julie Finlay in the CBS procedural forensics crime drama "" from 2012 to 2015. More recently she had supporting roles in "Battle of the Sexes" (2017) and "Death Wish" (2018). She was also a series regular in the first season of the Amazon series "The Boys" (2019).
Cocktail (1988 film)
Cocktail is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Roger Donaldson and written by Heywood Gould, whose screenplay was based on his book of the same name. The film tells the story of a young New York City business student, Brian Flanagan, who takes up bartending in order to make ends meet. The film stars Tom Cruise, Bryan Brown, and Elisabeth Shue.

Question: What 1988 American film is directed by Roger Donaldson and casts Elisabeth Shue?
Answer: Cocktail
Gary Payton
Gary Dwayne Payton Sr. (born July 23, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player. He started at the point guard position. He is best known for his 13-year tenure with the Seattle SuperSonics, and holds Seattle franchise records in points, assists, and steals. He also played with the Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Lakers, Boston Celtics, and Miami Heat. Payton won an NBA championship with the Heat in 2006. He was nicknamed "The Glove" for his defensive abilities. He was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013.
1999–2000 Seattle SuperSonics season
The 1999–2000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Sonics acquired Horace Grant from the Orlando Magic and Brent Barry from the Chicago Bulls, while signing free agents Vernon Maxwell and second-year forward Ruben Patterson. Two years removed from the George Karl-era, the Sonics once again managed to make the playoffs finishing fourth in the Pacific Division with a 45–37 record. They took the 2nd-seeded Utah Jazz to a fifth and decisive game in the Western Conference first round before being eliminated on Utah's home floor. All-Star point guard Gary Payton earned high individual honors for the season, including All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive First Team selections, while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game.

Question: What was the nickname of the Seattle SuperSonics player who was selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game during the 1999-2000 NBA season?
Answer: "The Glove"
Robin Wright
Wright first gained attention for her role in the NBC Daytime soap opera "Santa Barbara", as Kelly Capwell from 1984 to 1988. She then made the transition to film, starring in the romantic comedy fantasy adventure film "The Princess Bride" (1987). This role led Wright to further success in the film industry, with starring roles in films such as "Forrest Gump" (1994), the romantic drama "Message in a Bottle" (1999), the superhero drama-thriller "Unbreakable" (2000), the historical drama "The Conspirator" (2010), the biographical sports drama "Moneyball" (2011), the mystery thriller "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" (2011), the biographical drama "Everest" (2015), the superhero film "Wonder Woman" (2017), and the neo-noir science fiction film "Blade Runner 2049" (2017).
Robin Wright
Wright starred as Claire Underwood in the Netflix political drama web television series "House of Cards", for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2013, making her the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a web television series. Wright has also received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the Outstanding Lead Actress category for "House of Cards" (one for each season), and two nominations in the Outstanding Drama Series category in 2016 and 2017 as a producer on the show.
Forrest Gump
Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth. It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson and Sally Field. The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted man from Alabama who witnesses and unwittingly influences several defining historical events in the 20th century United States. The film differs substantially from the novel.
Forrest Gump
Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate Hanks into archived footage and to develop other scenes. The soundtrack features songs reflecting the different periods seen in the film.

Question: Which star of Forrest Gump was born on April 8, 1966 ?
Answer: Robin Wright
East Prussia
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in 1655, and instead of fulfilling his vassal's duties towards the Polish Kingdom, by joining forces with the Swedes and subsequent treaties of Wehlau, Labiau, and Oliva, Elector and Duke Frederick William succeeded in revoking the king of Poland's sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia in 1660. The absolutist elector also subdued the noble estates of Prussia.

Question: In what year did Maximilian III die?
Answer: 1618
Bacteria
Though it was known in the nineteenth century that bacteria are the cause of many diseases, no effective antibacterial treatments were available. In 1910, Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained "Treponema pallidum"—the spirochaete that causes syphilis—into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen. Ehrlich had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology, and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria, with his work being the basis of the Gram stain and the Ziehl–Neelsen stain.

Question: What bacteria did he treat first?
Answer: Treponema pallidum
Economy of Greece
As a consequence, there was a crisis in international confidence in Greece's ability to repay its sovereign debt, as reflected by the rise of the country's borrowing rates (although their slow rise – the 10-year government bond yield only exceeded 7% in April 2010 – coinciding with a large number of negative articles, has led to arguments about the role of international news media in the evolution of the crisis). In order to avert a default (as high borrowing rates effectively prohibited access to the markets), in May 2010 the other Eurozone countries, and the IMF, agreed to a "rescue package" which involved giving Greece an immediate €45 billion in bail-out loans, with more funds to follow, totaling €110 billion . In order to secure the funding, Greece was required to adopt harsh austerity measures to bring its deficit under control. Their implementation was to be monitored and evaluated by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the IMF.

Question: What was a consequence of the doubt that Greece could pay it's debts?
Answer: rise of the country's borrowing rates
Unicode
Injective mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and characters in Unicode to facilitate conversion to Unicode and allow interoperability with legacy software. Lack of consistency in various mappings between earlier Japanese encodings such as Shift-JIS or EUC-JP and Unicode led to round-trip format conversion mismatches, particularly the mapping of the character JIS X 0208 '～' (1-33, WAVE DASH), heavily used in legacy database data, to either (in Microsoft Windows) or (other vendors).

Question: What kind of mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and those in Unicode?
Answer: Injective mappings
Central African Republic
In the southwest, the Dzanga-Sangha National Park is located in a rain forest area. The country is noted for its population of forest elephants and western lowland gorillas. In the north, the Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park is well-populated with wildlife, including leopards, lions, cheetahs and rhinos, and the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park is located in the northeast of CAR. The parks have been seriously affected by the activities of poachers, particularly those from Sudan, over the past two decades.

Question: What National Park can be found in the North?
Answer: Manovo-Gounda St Floris
The 2nd Law
The 2nd Law is the sixth studio album by English rock band Muse. It was released on 1 October 2012 in the United Kingdom and elsewhere on 28 September, 2 and 3 October under Warner Bros. Records and the band's own Helium-3 imprint. The title of the album refers to the second law of thermodynamics and the album's cover art features a map of the human brain's pathways, which was taken from the Human Connectome Project. Recording of the album took place in four different studios, began in October 2011, and ended in August 2012. Mainly self-produced by the band, with the exception of the song "Follow Me" which was co-produced by English electronic music trio Nero, "The 2nd Law" features multiple styles of music and was influenced by acts such as Queen, David Bowie, and Skrillex.
Supremacy (song)
"Supremacy" is a song by English rock band Muse. It was released on 20 February 2013 as the fourth single from their sixth studio album, "The 2nd Law". "Supremacy" peaked at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart.

Question: What band's sixth album features the song Supremacy and was recorded in four different studios?
Answer: Muse
List of numbered streets in Manhattan
La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.

Question: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?
Answer: West Harlem
Westminster Abbey
Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

Question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?
Answer: 1550
Israel
An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel during the first three years increased the number of Jews from 700,000 to 1,400,000. By 1958, the population of Israel rose to two million. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as "ma'abarot"; by 1952, over 200,000 people were living in these tent cities. Jews of European background were often treated more favorably than Jews from Middle Eastern and North African countries—housing units reserved for the latter were often re-designated for the former, with the result that Jews newly arrived from Arab lands generally ended up staying in transit camps for longer. During this period, food, clothes and furniture had to be rationed in what became known as the austerity period. The need to solve the crisis led Ben-Gurion to sign a reparations agreement with West Germany that triggered mass protests by Jews angered at the idea that Israel could accept monetary compensation for the Holocaust.

Question: How many immigrants lived in these tent cities?
Answer: over 200,000
Daylight saving time
DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect.

Question: Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time?
Answer: magnify