qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Unicode
Unicode is an information technology (IT) standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, and as of March 2020 , there is a repertoire of 143,859 characters, with Unicode 13.0 (these characters consist of 143,696 graphic characters and 163 format characters) covering 154 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets and emoji. The character repertoire of the Unicode Standard is synchronized with ISO/IEC 10646, and both are code-for-code identical.

Question: Who maintains the Unicode Standard? 
Answer: Unicode Consortium
Vacuum
Later, in 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, formulated in 1927, predicted a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured. This has far reaching consequences on the "emptiness" of space between particles. In the late 20th century, so-called virtual particles that arise spontaneously from empty space were confirmed.

Question: What theorized that time and energy can be measured?
Answer: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
Alec Naylor Dakin
Alec Naylor Dakin (3 April 1912 – 14 June 2003) was a Fellow of Oxford College, a cryptologist at Bletchley Park, an Egyptologist and schoolmaster.
Bletchley Park
During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis Powersmost importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers; among its most notable early personnel the GC&CS team of codebreakers included Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander and Stuart Milner-Barry. The nature of the work there was secret until many years after the war.
Bletchley Park
According to the official historian of British Intelligence, the "Ultra" intelligence produced at Bletchley shortened the war by two to four years, and without it the outcome of the war would have been uncertain. The team at Bletchley Park devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park came to an end in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s.

Question: What specialism did Alec Naylor Dakin, fellow of Oxford College, pursue at Bletchley Park during the second World War; a central site for British codebreakers?
Answer: cryptologist
Ronna McDaniel
Ronna Romney McDaniel (born March 20, 1973) is the Chair of the Republican National Committee (RNC) and former Chair of the Michigan Republican Party. McDaniel is a granddaughter of Michigan Governor and businessman George W. Romney and niece of Senator Mitt Romney.
Republican National Committee
The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. political committee that leads the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy. It is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention. Similar committees exist in every U.S. state and most U.S. counties, although in some states party organization is structured by congressional district, allied campaign organizations being governed by a national committee. Ronna McDaniel is the current committee chairwoman.

Question: The Republican National Committee is currently led by which former chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party?
Answer: Ronna Romney McDaniel
Wu'an
Wu'an is a county-level city in the southwest of Hebei Province, China, bordering Shanxi Province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Handan.
Qingyuan
Qingyuan, formerly romanized as Tsingyun, is a prefecture-level city in northern Guangdong province, China, on the banks of the Bei or North River. During the 2010 census, its total population was 3,698,412, out of whom 1,510,044 lived in the urbanized Qingcheng and Qingxin districts. The primary spoken language is Cantonese. Covering 19,015 km² , Qingyuan is Guangdong's largest prefecture-level division by land area, and it borders Guangzhou and Foshan to the south, Shaoguan to the east and northeast, Zhaoqing to the south and southwest, and Hunan province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to the north. The urban core is surrounded by mountainous areas but is directly connected with Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta by Highway 107.

Question: Are Wu'an and Qingyuan cities of the same level?
Answer: no
Montana
Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations annual conclaves. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, "A River Runs Through It", was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state.

Question: What type of fisheries does the state have?
Answer: trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
Noelle Scaggs
Noelle Scaggs (born October 8, 1979) is an American musician and singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, known as the co-lead singer of the pop group, Fitz and the Tantrums. Scaggs has also had numerous collaborations with the Black Eyed Peas, Dilated Peoples, Quantic, Mayer Hawthorne, and Damian Marley.
Fitz and The Tantrums
Fitz and the Tantrums are an American indie pop and neo soul band from Los Angeles that formed in 2008. The band consists of Michael Fitzpatrick (lead vocals), Noelle Scaggs (co-lead vocals and percussion), James King (saxophone, flute, keyboard, percussion and guitar), Joseph Karnes (bass guitar), Jeremy Ruzumna (keyboards) and John Wicks (drums and percussion). Their debut studio album, "Pickin' Up the Pieces", was released in August 2010 on indie label Dangerbird Records and received critical acclaim. It reached No. 1 on the "Billboard" Heatseekers chart. The band signed to their current label Elektra Records in early 2013 and went on to release their second LP, "More Than Just a Dream," on May 7, 2013. Their self-titled third album was released on June 10, 2016, which contains their most notable song "HandClap." Their fourth studio album, "All The Feels", was released on September 20, 2019.

Question: The front-woman for the band The Rebirth is a currently co-lead vocalist and percussionist for what band?
Answer: Fitz and The Tantrums
Caner Osman
Caner Osman (born July 12, 1991) is a Macedonian-Turkish coach and former professional basketball player. He is currently assistant coach of Aleksandar Trifunović in Yeşilgiresun Belediye. He last played for KK Kumanovo which competes in the Macedonian First League .
Caner Osman
Osman was born in Macedonia to a Turkish father and Bosniak mother. His brother, Cedi Osman, is also a professional basketball player.
Cedi Osman
Cedi Osman (born April 8, 1995) is a Macedonian-Turkish professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He plays the small forward position.
Cedi Osman
Osman was born in the Republic of Macedonia to an ethnic Turkish father and a Bosniak mother (from Novi Pazar, Serbia). He has an older brother, Caner, who is also a basketball player. He started playing basketball with KK Bosna's youth teams in 2001. In 2007, he moved to Anadolu Efes' junior teams after his outstanding performance at KK Bosna. Due to his paternal Turkish background, he became a Turkish citizen, as per Turkey's right-of-return laws. He has also represented the Turkish national basketball team since then.

Question: Which player for the Cleveland Cavaliers basketball team has a brother who played in the Macedonian First League?
Answer: Cedi Osman
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974. A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, he became the only president to resign from the office.
Funky President (People It's Bad)
"Funky President (People It's Bad)" is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1974, it charted #4 R&B. It also appeared on the album "Reality". According to Brown the "funky president" of the song's title was meant to refer to U.S. President Gerald Ford, who had succeeded Richard Nixon in the White House shortly before it was recorded.

Question: The U.S President that Gerald Ford succeeded was a Senator for which state prior to being elected president?
Answer: California
Age of Enlightenment
One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people". As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular.

Question: Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica?
Answer: Sir Isaac Newton
Pacific War
The Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back as far as 19 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7/8 December 1941, when the Japanese invaded Thailand and attacked the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines.

Question: When did Japan invade Manchuria?
Answer: 19 September 1931
Beipiao
Beipiao () is a city in Chaoyang prefecture, Liaoning province, in Northeast China. It has a population of 202,807. The main industry in the area is coal mining. With vertical shafts of almost 1000m, these are some of the deepest coal mines in China. The coal produced is used for coking. Daheishan National Forest Park is located in the northwestern part of Beipiao city.
Jiangyin
Jiangyin (, Jiangyin dialect: ] ) is a county-level city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, and is administered by Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Jiangyin is one of the most important transport hubs on the Yangtze River, it is also one of the most developed counties in China.

Question: Are Jiangyin and Beipiao both in China?
Answer: yes
East Prussia
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.

Question: How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
Answer: violent and aggressive
Marie Lloyd
Matilda Alice Victoria Wood (12 February 1870 – 7 October 1922), professionally known as Marie Lloyd ; was an English music hall singer, comedian and musical theatre actress. She was best known for her performances of songs such as "The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery", "My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)" and "Oh Mr Porter What Shall I Do". She received both criticism and praise for her use of innuendo and double entendre during her performances, but enjoyed a long and prosperous career, during which she was affectionately called the "Queen of the Music Hall".
George Le Brunn
George Le Brunn (20 June 186318 December 1905) was an English song writer active during the heyday of the Victorian music hall. He was born George Frederick Brunn in Brighton, Sussex. Among the more well-known songs he wrote is "Oh! Mr Porter", co-written with his brother Thomas (18641936), and included in the repertoires of the popular singers Marie Lloyd and Norah Blaney.

Question: George Le Brunn wrote "Oh! Mr Porter" which included repertoires of what english music hall singer affectionately called "Queen of the Music Hall"?
Answer: Marie Lloyd
FC Barcelona
Later the same month, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup defeating Porto 2–0 with goals from Messi and Fàbregas. This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies. The Super Cup victory also saw Guardiola win his 12th trophy out of a possible 15 in his three years at the helm of the club, becoming the all-time record holder of most titles won as a coach at Barcelona.

Question:  How many total trophies did  Barcelona's Super Cup win produce?
Answer: 74
Edgard Varèse
Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse (] ; also spelled Edgar Varèse; December 22, 1883 – November 6, 1965) was a French-born composer who spent the greater part of his career in the United States.
Octandre
Octandre is a chamber piece by Edgard Varèse, written in 1923 and published by J. Curwen & Sons in London in 1924 (new edition, New York: G. Ricordi & Co., 1956; new edition, revised and edited by Chou Wen-chung, New York: Ricordi, 1980). It is dedicated to pianist E. Robert Schmitz.

Question: In which country did Edgard Varèse, the French-born composer of Octandre, spend most of his career?
Answer: the United States
Empiricism
The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the "analytic" (a priori) and the "synthetic" (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.

Question: What are pseudoproblems?
Answer: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems
Marshall Islands
Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands, with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%. Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%. Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.

Question: What percentage of Marshall Islanders belong to the Assemblies of God?
Answer: 24.2%
United States Air Force
Enlisted airmen have pay grades from E-1 (entry level) to E-9 (senior enlisted). While all USAF personnel, enlisted and officer, are referred to as "airmen", in the same manner that all Army personnel, enlisted and officer, are referred to as "soldiers", the term also refers to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4, which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Above the pay grade of E-4 (i.e., pay grades E-5 through E-9) all ranks fall into the category of NCO and are further subdivided into "NCOs" (pay grades E-5 and E-6) and "senior NCOs" (pay grades E-7 through E-9); the term "junior NCO" is sometimes used to refer to staff sergeants and technical sergeants (pay grades E-5 and E-6).

Question: What pay grades are included in the USAF for Senior NCOs?
Answer: pay grades E-7 through E-9
Crucifixion of Jesus
There are several details that are only mentioned in a single gospel account. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 am - although it was probably as late as noon) and the centurion's report of Jesus' death. The Gospel of Luke's unique contributions to the narrative include Jesus' words to the women who were mourning, one criminal's rebuke of the other, the reaction of the multitudes who left "beating their breasts", and the women preparing spices and ointments before resting on the Sabbath. John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial.

Question: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?
Answer: an earthquake
Carnival
The Slovenian name for carnival is "pust". The Slovenian countryside displays a variety of disguised groups and individual characters, among which the most popular and characteristic is the Kurent (plural: "Kurenti"), a monstrous and demon-like, but fluffy figure. The most significant festival is held in Ptuj (see: Kurentovanje). Its special feature are the Kurents themselves, magical creatures from another world, who visit major events throughout the country, trying to banish the winter and announce spring's arrival, fertility, and new life with noise and dancing. The origin of the Kurent is a mystery, and not much is known of the times, beliefs, or purposes connected with its first appearance. The origin of the name itself is obscure.

Question: Who are magical creatures from another world?
Answer: the Kurents
Pesticide
Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders. To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides in 1985 to create voluntary standards of pesticide regulation for different countries. The Code was updated in 1998 and 2002. The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use.

Question: Is the trade of pesticides and pesticide treated goods limited to the United States?
Answer: traded across international borders
Elena Ilinykh
Elena Ruslanovna Ilinykh ( ; born 25 April 1994) is a Russian ice dancer. With partner Ruslan Zhiganshin, she is the 2015 Russian national champion. 
Ruslan Zhiganshin
Ruslan Nailevich Zhiganshin ( ; born 25 September 1992) is a Russian ice dancer. With partner Elena Ilinykh, he is the 2015 Russian national champion.

Question: What sport do Ruslan Zhiganshin and Elena Ilinykh compete in?
Answer: ice dancer
Steve Reeves
Stephen Lester Reeves (January 21, 1926 – May 1, 2000) was an American professional bodybuilder, actor, and philanthropist. He was famous in the mid-1950s as a movie star in Italian-made sword and sandal films, playing the protagonist as muscular characters such as Hercules, Goliath, and Sandokan. At the peak of his career, he was the highest-paid actor in Europe. Though best known for his portrayal of Hercules, he played the character only twice: in Hercules (1958), and in its 1959 sequel Hercules Unchained. By 1960, Reeves was ranked as the number-one box-office draw in 25 countries around the world.
Sandokan the Great (film)
Sandokan the Great ( ) is a 1963 Italian adventure film, directed by Umberto Lenzi and starring Steve Reeves. It is the first entry in a film series about Sandokan, the pirate-prince from Emilio Salgari's popular swashbuckler novels.

Question: Which actor, born in 1926, appeared in the film Sandokan the Great?
Answer: Steve Reeves
Murders of Nicola Hughes and Fiona Bone
On 18 September 2012, Police Constables Nicola Hughes and Fiona Bone, two Greater Manchester Police officers, were killed by Dale Cregan in a gun and grenade ambush while responding to a report of a burglary in Greater Manchester, England.
Dale Cregan
Dale Christopher Cregan (born 6 June 1983) is an English convicted drug-dealer and serial killer, sentenced to a whole life order in prison for four counts of murder (including two Greater Manchester police officers) and three separate counts of attempted murder.
Dale Cregan
Dale Cregan was born at Tameside General Hospital on 6 June 1983 to Paul Cregan, a tool setter from Manchester, and Anita Marie Cregan. He is one of three siblings. Cregan's older brother Dean was born two years earlier and a younger sister followed, before his father left the family and eventually married a former policewoman with Greater Manchester Police (GMP).

Question: Dale Cregan was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of two police officers. The officers were responding to a report of a what?
Answer: burglary
Mosaic
In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii."

Question: The mosaics uncovered in Libya were from which century?
Answer: 1st or 2nd century AD
Wood
In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding.

Question: Wood might be used to construct what exterior component of a building?
Answer: cladding
Natalie Dessay
Born Nathalie Dessaix in Lyon, she was raised in Saint-Médard-en-Jalles, where she had a few singing lessons with madame Saintrais, a former chorister at the Bordeaux Opera. She dropped the silent "h" in her first name in honour of Natalie Wood when she was in grade school and subsequently simplified the spelling of her surname. In her youth, she had intended to be a ballet dancer and then an actress. After abandoning German, she began taking acting lessons with Gérard Laurent at the Conservatoire de Bordeaux. At the age of 20, her vocal talent was discovered when playing a singing lutin, humming Pamina's aria in Molière's "Le Sicilien ou l'Amour peintre", after which she was encouraged to take singing lessons. After graduating with first prize, she joined the choir of the Théâtre du Capitole in Toulouse. In 1988, she won first prize at the first edition of competition "Voix Nouvelles", run by France Télécom and was granted a year's study at the "École d'art lyrique" of the Paris Opera, where she sang Elisa in Mozart's "Il re pastore". In 1990, she won first prize at the International Mozart Competition in Vienna. Since 1991, she worked with her private tutor, tenor Jean-Pierre Blivet.
Becoming Traviata
Becoming Traviata is a 2012 French documentary film chronicling rehearsals of the 1853 Giuseppe Verdi opera "La traviata" at the Aix-en-Provence Festival. Directed by Philippe Béziat, the film focuses largely on stage director working with coloratura soprano Natalie Dessay. The film's French title is Traviata et nous ("Traviata and Us").

Question: Which occurred first, the birth of Natalie Dessay or the making of Becoming Traviata?
Answer: Natalie Dessay
Asphalt
The value of the deposit was obvious from the start, but the means of extracting the bitumen was not. The nearest town, Fort McMurray, Alberta, was a small fur trading post, other markets were far away, and transportation costs were too high to ship the raw bituminous sand for paving. In 1915, Sidney Ells of the Federal Mines Branch experimented with separation techniques and used the product to pave 600 feet of road in Edmonton, Alberta. Other roads in Alberta were paved with material extracted from oil sands, but it was generally not economic. During the 1920s Dr. Karl A. Clark of the Alberta Research Council patented a hot water oil separation process and entrepreneur Robert C. Fitzsimmons built the Bitumount oil separation plant, which between 1925 and 1958 produced up to 300 oilbbl per day of bitumen using Dr. Clark's method. Most of the bitumen was used for waterproofing roofs, but other uses included fuels, lubrication oils, printers ink, medicines, rust- and acid-proof paints, fireproof roofing, street paving, patent leather, and fence post preservatives. Eventually Fitzsimmons ran out of money and the plant was taken over by the Alberta government. Today the Bitumount plant is a Provincial Historic Site.

Question: When did Ells begin using bitumen as a paving in Alberta?
Answer: 1915
Dog
There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.

Question: What does a dog communicate with its tail?
Answer: emotional state
Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge
The Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge (ARNWR; formerly referred to as the U.S. Army's Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex) is a 2230 acre protected National Wildlife Refuge located approximately 25 mi west of Boston and 4 mi west of the Eastern Massachusetts National Wildlife Refuge Complex Headquarters, along the Assabet River. It is located in portions of the towns of Hudson, Maynard, Stow and Sudbury. The Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge consists of two separate pieces of land. The larger northern section is just north of Hudson Road, extending north to the Assabet River. The southern section is located to the south of Hudson Road. There is a visitor center located in the northern section on Winterberry Way.
Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex
The Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex was a former annex of Fort Devens that was operational from 1942 to the 1990s. It originally opened as an ammunition dump for the base, and old railroad lines and bunkers can still be seen in the area. It then functioned as a dumping ground for the Natick Laboratories until the 1980s. In the 1990s, the site was cleaned up and turned into the Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge.

Question: What part of the Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge was formerly used as a dumping ground by the Natick Laboratories until the 1980s?
Answer: Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex
American Idol
Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single while Irene released "We Are One".

Question: What song did Caleb Johnson first release after winning American Idol? 
Answer: As Long as You Love Me
Graham Young
Graham Frederick Young (7 September 1947 – 1 August 1990) best known as the Teacup Poisoner and later the St. Albans Poisoner, was an English serial killer who used poison to kill his victims. He was sent to Broadmoor Hospital in 1962 after poisoning several members of his family and killing his stepmother. In 1971, when he was released, he went on to poison seven more people and kill two. He was then sent to HMP Parkhurst where he died of a heart attack in 1990.
The Young Poisoner's Handbook
The Young Poisoner's Handbook is a 1995 British-German-French-produced black comedy film based on the life of Graham Young, more commonly known as "The Teacup Murderer". It was directed by Benjamin Ross and written by Ross and Jeff Rawle. The film stars Hugh O'Conor in the lead role.

Question: What method of murder was used by English serial killer Graham Young whose life was portrayed in a 1995 black comedy film directed by Benjamin Ross?
Answer: poison
Iron Maiden
Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. The band's discography has grown to 39 albums, including 16 studio albums, 12 live albums, four EPs, and seven compilations.
Prospect (Slovenian band)
Prospect is a Slovenian progressive metal band from Ljubljana founded in 1991. Their influences include Queensrÿche, Fates Warning, Dream Theater and Iron Maiden. To be directed at the international market, the band writes all their lyrics in English.

Question: Which band, founded in 1991, took influences from another band formed in Leyton, East London with bassist Steve Harris?
Answer: Prospect
Ed (TV series)
Ed is an American comedy-drama television series that was co-produced by David Letterman's Worldwide Pants Incorporated, NBC Productions and Viacom Productions that aired on NBC from October 8, 2000 to February 6, 2004. The hour-long comedy-drama starred Tom Cavanagh as Edward Jeremy Stevens, the title character, Julie Bowen as his love interest Carol Phyllis Vessey, Josh Randall as his friend Dr. Mike Burton, Jana Marie Hupp as Mike's wife Nancy, Lesley Boone as their friend Molly Hudson, and Justin Long as awkward high-school student Warren Cheswick. Other supporting cast members included Michael Genadry and Ginnifer Goodwin as Warren's friends Mark and Diane, and Michael Ian Black, Mike Starr, Rachel Cronin, and (later) Daryl Mitchell as the employees of Stuckeybowl, Ed's bowling alley. Long term guest stars included John Slattery as Dennis Martino and Sabrina Lloyd as Frankie Hector. The show was created by executive producers Jon Beckerman and Rob Burnett. David Letterman is also credited as one of the show's executive producers.
David Letterman
David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982, debut of "Late Night with David Letterman" on NBC, and ending with the May 20, 2015, broadcast of "Late Show with David Letterman" on CBS. In total, Letterman hosted 6,080 episodes of "Late Night" and "Late Show", surpassing his friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late night talk show host in American television history. In 1996, Letterman was ranked 45th on "TV Guide"' s 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. In 2002, "The Late Show with David Letterman" was ranked seventh on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

Question: Ed is an NBC television program co-produced by an American television comedian, writer, and producer who hosted a late night television talk show for how long?
Answer: 33 years
Tad Boyle
Thomas Martin "Tad" Boyle (born January 6, 1963) is an American college basketball coach and the current head men's basketball coach at the University of Colorado. He was named the 18th coach in University of Colorado men's basketball history on April 19, 2010 replacing Jeff Bzdelik. Boyle was named as an assistant coach for USA Basketball a second time in 2015 He played collegiately at Kansas under coach Ted Owens and Hall of Fame coach Larry Brown.
Larry Brown (basketball)
Lawrence Harvey Brown (born September 14, 1940) is a former American basketball coach and player who was most recently the head coach for Auxilium Torino of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) and EuroCup Basketball. Brown is the only coach in basketball history to win both an NCAA national championship (Kansas Jayhawks, 1988) and an NBA title (Detroit Pistons, 2004). He has a 1,275-965 lifetime professional coaching record in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and is the only coach in NBA history to lead eight teams to the playoffs. He also won an ABA championship as a player with the Oakland Oaks in the 1968–69 season, and an Olympic Gold Medal in 1964. He is also the only person ever to coach two NBA franchises in the same season (Spurs and Clippers during the 1991–92 NBA season). Before coaching, Brown played collegiately at the University of North Carolina and professionally in the ABA.
Larry Brown (basketball)
Brown was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach on September 27, 2002. Although widely considered one of the greatest coaches in basketball history, he has developed a reputation for constantly looking for better coaching opportunities and frequently switching teams or programs before the expiration of his contract.

Question: What is the lifetime professional coaching record of the Hall of Fame coach that coached Tad Boyle in 2015?
Answer: 1,275-965
Ashkenazi Jews
The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant".

Question: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population?
Answer: non-Jewish ethnic populations
Cucumis
Cucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the family Cucurbitaceae which includes the cucumber ("Cucumis sativus"), muskmelons ("Cucumis melo", including cantaloupe and honeydew), the horned melon ("Cucumis metuliferus"), and the West Indian gherkin ("Cucumis anguria").
Haberlea
Haberlea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. The only member of this genus, Haberlea rhodopensis, is endemic to parts of Bulgaria and a small part of northern Greece, especially in the Rhodope Mountains. Common names include Orpheus flower and resurrection plant because of the remarkable ability of "Haberlea" to survive very long periods of desiccation.

Question: Which genus of plants has more members, Haberlea or Cucumis?
Answer: Cucumis
Tosca
Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, "La Tosca", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias.
Opera seria
Opera seria (] ; plural: "opere serie"; usually called "dramma per musica" or "melodramma serio") is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to about 1770. The term itself was rarely used at the time and only attained common usage once "opera seria" was becoming unfashionable and beginning to be viewed as something of a historical genre. The popular rival to "opera seria" was "opera buffa," the 'comic' opera that took its cue from the improvisatory commedia dell'arte.

Question: Tosca is an Opera seria by who?
Answer: Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa
Thésée
Thésée ("Theseus") is a "tragédie en musique", an early type of French opera, in a prologue and five acts with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and a libretto by Philippe Quinault based on Ovid's "Metamorphoses". It was first performed on 11 January 1675 by the Paris Opera for the royal court at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye and was first performed in public in April at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Jean-Baptiste Lully ( , , ] ; born Giovanni Battista Lulli, ] ; 28 November [O.S. 18 November] 1632 – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-born French composer, instrumentalist, and dancer who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He is considered a master of the French Baroque style. Lully disavowed any Italian influence in French music of the period. He became a French subject in 1661.

Question: Which Italian-born French composer, instrumentalist, and dancer produced music for the French opera Thésée?
Answer: Jean-Baptiste Lully
Ken Davitian
Ken Davitian (born June 19, 1953) is an American actor, comedian and restaurateur, who is best known for his role as Borat's producer Azamat Bagatov in the 2006 comedy film "Borat".
Gokor Chivichyan
Gokor Chivichyan ( ; born May 10, 1963) is an Armenian judo, submission grappling, and mixed martial arts instructor. Chivichyan currently trains professional and amateur fighters at the Hayastan MMA Academy in North Hollywood, California, United States.
Gokor Chivichyan
Chivichyan, the youngest of three brothers, was born in Yerevan, Armenia. Chivichyan began his training as a young child in Soviet Armenia, winning national junior titles in judo, sambo, and wrestling. At the age of 17, Chivichyan relocated to Los Angeles, California where he continued his training in no-gi submission wrestling under Gene LeBell, a famous Catch wrestler and the United States' first Judo champion. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Chivichyan traveled and competed in the Soviet Union and throughout Europe, Japan, Thailand, and Mexico. With the opening of the Hayastan MMA Academy in 1991, Gokor retired undefeated from professional fighting, and focused his time on teaching.

Question: Did Ken Davitian and Gokor Chivichyan star in "Borat"?
Answer: no
Nickelodeon Universe
On August 18, 2009, Nickelodeon and Southern Star Amusement announced that a Nickelodeon Universe would be built in New Orleans, Louisiana to replace the former Six Flags New Orleans that was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and would open around the end of 2010. It was set to be the first outdoor Nickelodeon Universe theme park, but on November 9, 2009, Nickelodeon announced that it had ended the licensing agreement with Southern Star Amusements.
Log Chute
Log Chute, formerly known as Paul Bunyan's Log Chute sometimes Fog Chute for Halloween or Yule Log Chute for Christmas, is a log flume attraction sponsored by Xcel Energy (formerly sponsored by Brawny) at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe in Bloomington, Minnesota. It opened on August 11, 1992 and is one of the mall's oldest surviving acquisitions from Knott's Camp Snoopy. The ride is based on the tall tale of Paul Bunyan and is set in a mountain lumber mill featuring two lift hills and two drops as passengers experience singing animatronics, including a 19-foot tall Paul Bunyan (modeled after the Brawny mascot) and Babe the Blue Ox. The attraction was designed to keep riders dry enough so that they could comfortably continue shopping. Holiday overlays for Halloween and Christmas have been put into place since 2017 with the "Fog Chute" and "Yule Log Chute", with the animatronic characters being dressed in festive costumes. For Halloween, Paul has been dressed as a pirate, Jim Hopper from "Stranger Things", and Hulk Hogan promoting the shortlived Pastamania restaurant once housed in the mall.

Question: Log Chute, formerly known as Paul Bunyan's Log Chute, is a log flume attraction sponsored by Xcel Energy (formerly sponsored by Brawny) at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe, located in which city?
Answer: Bloomington
Catalan language
During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language was ridiculed as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in features closer to Occitan (and French).

Question: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?
Answer: Francoist
Canaan Dog
The Canaan Dog, also known as the Bedouin Sheepdog and Palestinian Pariah Dog, is a breed of pariah dog from the Middle East. This dog is found in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, the Sinai peninsula, and these or dogs very similar are found in Egypt, Iraq, and Syria. There are 2,000 to 3,000 Canaan dogs across the world, mostly in Europe and North America.
Dutch Shepherd
The Dutch Shepherd is a herding dog of Dutch origin. They were used by shepherds and farmers who needed a versatile dog, with few demands, and a dog that was able to adapt to a harsh and meager existence.

Question: Which type of dog is the national dog breed of Israel: Canaan Dog or Dutch Shepherd?
Answer: Canaan Dog
Great Dane
The Great Dane is a large German domestic dog known for its giant size.
Great Dane
The Great Dane combines, in its regal appearance, strength, and elegance with great size and a powerful, well-formed, smoothly muscled body. It is one of the giant working breeds, but is unique in that its general conformation must be so well balanced that it never appears clumsy, and shall move with a long reach and powerful drive. The Great Dane is a short-haired breed with a strong, galloping figure. In the ratio between length and height, the Great Dane should be square. The male dog should not be less than 30 in at the shoulders, a female 28 in . Danes under minimum height are disqualified. From year to year, the tallest living dog is typically a Great Dane. Previous record holders include Gibson, Titan, and George; however, the current record holder is a black Great Dane named Zeus that stood 111.8 cm at the shoulder before his death in September 2014. He was also the tallest dog on record (according to Guinness World Records), beating the previous holder, the aforementioned George that stood 109.2 cm at the shoulder.
Armant (dog)
The Armant (also known as Egyptian Sheepdog or Ermenti) is a breed of herding dog from Egypt. It is believed the Armant descends from Briards brought to Egypt by Napoleon's armies, these dogs were likely crossed with local dogs to produce the first examples of the breed. The Armant is named after the town of Armant in Egypt, the supposed place of origin of the breed, the breed is not very well known but is used extensively within Egypt as both a herding dog and a guard dog.

Question: What is a medium-sized breed of herding dog, Great Dane or Armant ?
Answer: Armant
Alexander Graham Bell
The 150th anniversary of Bell's birth in 1997 was marked by a special issue of commemorative £1 banknotes from the Royal Bank of Scotland. The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature, and objects from Bell's life and career: users of the telephone over the ages; an audio wave signal; a diagram of a telephone receiver; geometric shapes from engineering structures; representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet; the geese which helped him to understand flight; and the sheep which he studied to understand genetics. Additionally, the Government of Canada honored Bell in 1997 with a C$100 gold coin, in tribute also to the 150th anniversary of his birth, and with a silver dollar coin in 2009 in honor of the 100th anniversary of flight in Canada. That first flight was made by an airplane designed under Dr. Bell's tutelage, named the Silver Dart. Bell's image, and also those of his many inventions have graced paper money, coinage, and postal stamps in numerous countries worldwide for many dozens of years.

Question: What do the sheep on the Scottish banknote represent?
Answer: genetics
Biodiversity
The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. Over the next 400 million years or so, invertebrate diversity showed little overall trend and vertebrate diversity shows an overall exponential trend. This dramatic rise in diversity was marked by periodic, massive losses of diversity classified as mass extinction events. A significant loss occurred when rainforests collapsed in the carboniferous. The worst was the Permian-Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago. Vertebrates took 30 million years to recover from this event.

Question: What type of diversity showed an overall exponential trend?
Answer: vertebrate diversity
Lee Jung-jae
Lee Jung-jae (born December 15, 1972) is a South Korean actor and model. He debuted as a fashion model, then began his acting career on television, notably in the campus series "Feelings" (1994) and the iconic drama "Sandglass" (1995). After his acting breakthrough in "An Affair" (1998), Lee's film career took off. He has starred in a variety of film genres, among them romantic films such as "Il Mare" (2000) and "Over the Rainbow" (2002), melodrama "Last Present" (2001), comedy "Oh! Brothers" (2003), action films "The Last Witness" (2001) and "Typhoon" (2005), heist film "The Thieves" (2012), film noir "New World" (2013), and period film "The Face Reader" (2013). He won Best Actor awards at the Blue Dragon Film Awards for "City of the Rising Sun" (1999), and at the Fantasporto Director's Week for "The Housemaid" (2010).
Il Mare
Il Mare (; lit. "time-transcending love") is a 2000 South Korean film, starring Jun Ji-hyun and Lee Jung-jae, and directed by Lee Hyun-seung. The title, "Il Mare", means "The Sea" in Italian, and is the name of the seaside house which is the setting of the story. The two protagonists both live there two years apart in time, but are able to communicate through a mysterious mailbox.

Question: What is the Italian translation of the title of the 2000 South Korean film which stars Lee Jung-jae?
Answer: The Sea