qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Botany
Nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. They include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free-living gametophytes evolved during the Silurian period and diversified into several lineages during the late Silurian and early Devonian. Representatives of the lycopods have survived to the present day. By the end of the Devonian period, several groups, including the lycopods, sphenophylls and progymnosperms, had independently evolved "megaspory" – their spores were of two distinct sizes, larger megaspores and smaller microspores. Their reduced gametophytes developed from megaspores retained within the spore-producing organs (megasporangia) of the sporophyte, a condition known as endospory. Seeds consist of an endosporic megasporangium surrounded by one or two sheathing layers (integuments). The young sporophyte develops within the seed, which on germination splits to release it. The earliest known seed plants date from the latest Devonian Famennian stage. Following the evolution of the seed habit, seed plants diversified, giving rise to a number of now-extinct groups, including seed ferns, as well as the modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce "naked seeds" not fully enclosed in an ovary; modern representatives include conifers, cycads, "Ginkgo", and Gnetales. Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in a structure such as a carpel or an ovary. Ongoing research on the molecular phylogenetics of living plants appears to show that the angiosperms are a sister clade to the gymnosperms.

Question: What is the term for plants whose seeds do not have a protective ovary?
Answer: Gymnosperms
My America
My America is a series of fictional diaries of children that take place during significant moments in American history. Created by Scholastic, it is a spin-off of the series, "Dear America", geared toward younger children (grades 3-5). The series covers: Jamestown, the American Revolution, the American Civil War, Westward Expansion, Underground Railroad, and slavery. Each topic has three books and is authored by a different writer. Writers include well respected and popular children's authors, such as Mary Pope Osborne of Magic Tree House fame. The series was discontinued in 2004, but the books continue to be a popular teaching device for introducing American history to elementary school age children.
Magic Tree House
The Magic Tree House is an American series of children's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca, although other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions.

Question: Which author of the series "My America", is also the author of the series "Magic Tree House"?
Answer: Mary Pope Osborne
American Chinese cuisine
American Chinese cuisine is a style of Chinese cuisine developed by Chinese Americans. The dishes served in many North American Chinese restaurants are adapted to American tastes and often differ significantly from those found in China.
American Chinese cuisine
Chinese immigrants arrived in the United States seeking employment as miners and railroad workers. As larger groups of Chinese immigrants arrived, laws were put in place preventing them from owning land. They mostly lived together in ghettos, individually referred to as "Chinatown". Here the immigrants started their own small businesses, including restaurants and laundry services. By the 19th century, the Chinese community in San Francisco operated sophisticated and sometimes luxurious restaurants patronized mainly by Chinese. The restaurants in smaller towns (mostly owned by Chinese immigrants) served food based on what their customers requested, anything ranging from pork chop sandwiches and apple pie, to beans and eggs. Many of these small-town restaurant owners were self-taught family cooks who improvised on different cooking methods and whatever ingredients were available. These smaller restaurants were responsible for developing American Chinese cuisine, where the food was modified to suit a more American palate. First catering to miners and railroad workers, they established new eateries in towns where Chinese food was completely unknown, adapting local ingredients and catering to their customers' tastes. Even though the new flavors and dishes meant they were not strictly Chinese cuisine, these Chinese restaurants have been cultural ambassadors to Americans.
Canadian Chinese cuisine
Canadian Chinese cuisine ( ) is a popular style of Canadian cooking exclusive to take-out and dine-in eateries found across Canada. It was the first form of commercially available Chinese food in Canada. This cooking style was invented by early Cantonese immigrants who adapted traditional Chinese recipes to Western tastes and the available ingredients. This cuisine developed in a similar process to American Chinese cuisine.
Canadian Chinese cuisine
Chinese workers were employed in the 1800s by Chinese labour contractors during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway linking Montreal, Québec with Vancouver, British Columbia. Many of those workers who stayed once the railway was completed resorted to opening small inexpensive restaurants or working as cooks in mining and logging camps, canneries, and in the private homes of the upper classes in cities and towns. They prepared variations on traditional Cantonese food that were well received by local patrons, and they were prized as cooks in wealthier households. This occurred despite the fact that few if any of them were formally trained chefs.

Question: Both Canadian and American Chinese Cuisine were influenced by what particular immigrants?
Answer: Cantonese immigrants
Carloman of Bavaria
Carloman ( , ; c. 830 – 22 March 880) was a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia, and Hemma, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him margrave of Pannonia in 856, and upon his father's death in 876 he became King of Bavaria. He was appointed by King Louis II of Italy as his successor, but the Kingdom of Italy was taken by his uncle Charles the Bald in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a stroke, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to Louis the Younger and Italy to Charles the Fat.
Louis the German
Louis the German (c. 806 /810 – 28 August 876), also known as Louis II, was the first king of East Francia, and ruled from 843876 AD. Grandson of emperor Charlemagne and the third son of Louis the Pious, emperor of Francia, and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, he received the appellation "Germanicus" shortly after his death in recognition of Magna Germania of the Roman Empire, reflecting the Carolingians' assertions that they were the rightful descendants of the Roman Empire. 
Louis the German
After protracted clashes with his father and his brothers, Louis received the East Frankish kingdom in the 843 Treaty of Verdun. His attempts to conquer his half-brother Charles the Bald's West Frankish kingdom in 858–59 were unsuccessful. The 860s were marked by a severe crisis, with the East Frankish rebellions of the sons, as well as struggles to maintain supremacy over his realm. In the Treaty of Meerssen he acquired Lotharingia for the East Frankish kingdom in 870. On the other hand, he tried and failed to claim both the title of Emperor and Italy. In the East, Louis was able to reach a longer-term peace agreement in 874 after decades of conflict with the Moravians. Due to a decline in the written form in administration and government, Louis' reign predates Ottonian times.

Question: Carloman of Bavaria was the eldest grandson of what descendant of Charlemagne?
Answer: Louis II
Architecture
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. Moreover, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability. The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many.

Question: Who can no longer design a large structure?
Answer: one person
Marshall Islands
In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.

Question: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?
Answer: 1999
Data compression
Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (MP3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the Internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression (5–20% of the original size, rather than 50–60%), by discarding less-critical data.

Question: What is used in most video DVDs?
Answer: digitally compressed audio streams
Salt (2010 film)
Salt is a 2010 American action thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce, written by Kurt Wimmer, and starring Angelina Jolie, Liev Schreiber, Daniel Olbrychski, August Diehl, and Chiwetel Ejiofor. Jolie plays Evelyn Salt, who is accused of being a Russian sleeper agent and goes on the run to try to clear her name.
Daniel Olbrychski
Daniel Marcel Olbrychski (] ; born 27 February 1945) is a Polish actor best known for leading roles in several Andrzej Wajda movies and also known for playing a defector and spymaster Vassily Orlov, alongside Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie in the movie "Salt".

Question: A film where the protagonist is accused of being a Russian sleeper agent stars what Polish actor known for leading roles in several Andrzej Wajda?
Answer: Daniel Marcel Olbrychski
Boston
After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with the slave trade, rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important. Boston's harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 (adopted during the Napoleonic Wars) and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce.

Question: In what century was manufacturing more important to Boston than trade?
Answer: 19th century
Philippe Perrin
Philippe Perrin (Colonel, French Air Force) (born January 6, 1963) is a French test pilot, engineer and former CNES and European Space Agency astronaut.
Christer Fuglesang
Arne Christer Fuglesang (born March 18, 1957 in Stockholm) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut. He was first launched aboard the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission on December 10, 2006, at 01:47 GMT, making him the first Swedish citizen in space.

Question: Which astronaut was born first, Christer Fuglesang or Philippe Perrin?
Answer: Christer Fuglesang
John Mortimer
Sir John Clifford Mortimer {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (21 April 1923 – 16 January 2009) was an English barrister, dramatist, screenwriter, and author.
Jeremy Mortimer
Jeremy Mortimer is a British director and producer of radio dramas for BBC Radio. He is the son of John and Penelope Mortimer and the half-brother of Emily Mortimer. His credits include "The Pattern of Painful Adventures" (BBC Radio 3, 2008) and radio adaptations of "Daphnis and Chloe" (BBC Radio 4, 2006), "Philomel Cottage" (Radio 4, 2002) and "The Time Machine" (Radio 3, 2009). His production of the Troy Trilogy, which featured Paul Scofield and was first broadcast on Radio 3 in 1998, was lauded as "the greatest radio drama [anyone] could ever hear."

Question: Jeremy Mortimer is a British director and producer of radio dramas, for which organization, and is the son of Sir John Clifford, and Penelope Mortimer and the half-brother of Emily Mortimer?
Answer: BBC Radio
Executive Council of Macau
The Executive Council (; ) is a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Macau that serves as a core policy-making organ of the Government of Macau. 
Leonel Alberto Alves
Leonel Alberto Alves (; born 5 April 1957 in Macau) is a member and a former First Secretary of the Legislative Assembly of Macau (1996-2009). In 2005, Alves became a member of the Executive Council of Macau and in 2008, he became a local member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Question: When was the man who became a member of a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Macau, a former First Secretary of the Legislative Assembly of Macau?
Answer: 1996-2009
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, and became a member of the United Nations on 17 September 1991. Since restoration of independence Estonia has pursued close relations with the Western countries, and has been member of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. In 2007, Estonia joined the Schengen Area, and in 2011 the Eurozone. The European Union Agency for large-scale IT systems is based in Tallinn, which started operations at the end of 2012. Estonia held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second half of 2017.

Question: What date did Estonia join the United Nations?
Answer: 17 September 1991
Ottoman Empire
The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905), Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907), MKE Ankaragücü (formerly Turan Sanatkaragücü) (1910) in Constantinople. Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir.

Question: When did European sport clubs begin to form in the Ottoman empire?
Answer: 19th century
Lady Bird Johnson
Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Johnson (née Taylor; December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007) was an American socialite and the First Lady of the United States (1963–1969) as the wife of the 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson. She also served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
Elizabeth Shoumatoff
Elizabeth Shoumatoff ("née" Avinoff) (October 6, 1888 – November 30, 1980) was a Russian-American painter who was best known for painting the "Unfinished Portrait" of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Other paintings included portraits of Lyndon B. Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson.

Question: What ethnic group was the painter of the wife of the 36th President of the United States part of?
Answer: Russian-American
Frédéric Chopin
Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. "Chopin" was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.

Question: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"
Answer: Giacomo Orefice
Copperfields Mine
Copperfields Mine, originally known as Temagami Mine, is an abandoned copper and silver mine on Temagami Island in Lake Temagami, Ontario, Canada. The mine opened in 1955 and comprises both underground and surface workings within a sulfide ore body. Situated in Phyllis Township, the mine produced 34,000,000 dollars Canadian with 80 million pounds of copper, 230,028 ounces of silver and 13,271 ounces of gold. It was considered to be the largest deposit of nearly pure chalcopyrite ever discovered in Canada. A mill was not initially needed because the ore was 28% copper. The mine closed in 1972 and is now flooded by water. Ruins of the Copperfields mill are present as foundations. It is possible to find mineral specimens in the spoil heaps of the old mine, such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, malachite, dolomite, hessite, merenskyite, millerite, palladium, quartz and others. The Lake Temagami Access Road was created to ship ore from the mine site.
Tundra Mine
The Tundra Mines was a gold producer in the Northwest Territories, Canada between 1964 and 1968, producing 104,476 troy ounces (3250 kg) of gold from 187,714 tons of ore. A detailed history is provided in the link below. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada has a project to remediate the Tundra Mine site under their Northern Contaminants Program, funded by the Canadian Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan.

Question: Are Tundra Mine and Copperfields Mine in the same country?
Answer: yes
Hellenistic period
Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art ("aletheia") is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g., Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.

Question: Character is called what in Hellenistic art?
Answer: ethos
Freemasonry
Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate it to a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining. The 15th century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.

Question: The duties of its grades is an example of what historic documents?
Answer: Old Charges
Subcomandante Marcos
Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born (1957--)19 1957 ) is a Mexican insurgent, former military leader, and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict. Widely known by his previous "nom de guerre" as Subcomandante Marcos, he has recently used several other pseudonyms; he referred to himself as Delegate Zero during the 2006 Mexican Presidential Campaign. In May 2014, he adopted the name of his dead comrade "Teacher Galeano", naming himself Subcomandante Galeano instead.
Gianni Minà
Gianni Minà (] ; Turin, 17 May 1938) is an Italian journalist, writer and television host. He has collaborated with both Italian and foreign newspapers and magazines; produced hundreds of reports for the RAI ("Radiotelevisione Italiana"); designed and presented television programs, as well as produced successful documentary films on the lives of Che Guevara, Muhammad Ali, Fidel Castro, Rigoberta Menchú, Silvia Baraldini, Subcomandante Marcos, and Diego Maradona.

Question: Gianni Minà created a documentary on the leader and spokesman of what Mexican insurgent group?
Answer: Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Karl Popper
In "All Life is Problem Solving", Popper sought to explain the apparent progress of scientific knowledge—that is, how it is that our understanding of the universe seems to improve over time. This problem arises from his position that the truth content of our theories, even the best of them, cannot be verified by scientific testing, but can only be falsified. Again, in this context the word "falsified" does not refer to something being "fake"; rather, that something can be (i.e., is "capable" of being) shown to be false by observation or experiment. Some things simply do not lend themselves to being shown to be false, and therefore, are not falsifiable. If so, then how is it that the growth of science appears to result in a growth in knowledge? In Popper's view, the advance of scientific knowledge is an "evolutionary" process characterised by his formula:

Question: Popper described the growth of scientific understanding as what kind of process?
Answer: evolutionary
History of science
The renewal of learning in Europe began with 12th century Scholasticism. The Northern Renaissance showed a decisive shift in focus from Aristotelian natural philosophy to chemistry and the biological sciences (botany, anatomy, and medicine). Thus modern science in Europe was resumed in a period of great upheaval: the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation; the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus; the Fall of Constantinople; but also the re-discovery of Aristotle during the Scholastic period presaged large social and political changes. Thus, a suitable environment was created in which it became possible to question scientific doctrine, in much the same way that Martin Luther and John Calvin questioned religious doctrine. The works of Ptolemy (astronomy) and Galen (medicine) were found not always to match everyday observations. Work by Vesalius on human cadavers found problems with the Galenic view of anatomy.

Question: What was the focus of the Northern Renaissance?
Answer: chemistry and the biological sciences
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, "Red" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the lead single from "Red" on August 13, 2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swift's frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship. "Rolling Stone" magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in "Time"' s end-of-year poll. The song received a Grammy Award nomination for Record of the Year. The song received a People’s Choice Award nomination for Favorite Song.
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
The song was an instant commercial success, becoming Swift's first number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the United States, as well as the first song to hold the top spot for more than one week after a huge leap from a lower position since Kelly Clarkson's two-week run at number one with "My Life Would Suck Without You", which rocketed from number 97 to the top spot in 2009. Additionally, the song also topped the charts in Canada and New Zealand, while reaching the top five in Australia, Japan, South Korea, Ireland, Israel and the United Kingdom. It also topped the US Hot Country Songs for ten weeks, Swift's longest reign to date. A music video for the song was released in August 2012. To date, it has garnered over 615 million views on YouTube. A CD single was released in September 2012 by Swift's official store, Amazon.com and US Walmart stores. The single has been certified Quintuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while also being certified platinum or more in Australia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, New Zealand, Japan and Denmark. The song is one of the best-selling singles worldwide, with worldwide sales reaching 7 million copies to date (according to the IFPI).
Started with a Song (song)
"Started with a Song" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Brett Kissel. It was released in June 2013 as the first single from his major label debut album, "Started with a Song". It became the most added song at Canadian country radio in its first week, surpassing a record set by Taylor Swift's "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together".

Question: Started with a Song surpassed the song from what Taylor Swift album as the most added Canadian country song in a first week?
Answer: Red
Phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, "phonation" is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physiology and speech production in general. Phoneticians in other subfields, such as linguistic phonetics, call this process "voicing", and use the term "phonation" to refer to any oscillatory state of any part of the larynx that modifies the airstream, of which voicing is just one example. Voiceless and supra-glottal phonations are included under this definition.
Jan G. Švec
Jan Švec (born 22 November 1966) is a Czech voice scientist. He is the inventor of videokymography, a method for high-speed visualization of vocal-fold vibrations, which is being used for advanced diagnosis of voice disorders.

Question: Jan G. Švec, born on which date, is a Czech voice scientist, he is the inventor of videokymography, a method for high-speed visualization of vocal-fold vibrations, which is being used for advanced diagnosis of voice disorders, the term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics?
Answer: 22 November 1966
Computer
Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.

Question: In positive logic representation a "1" represents when a circuit is what?
Answer: on
Brandon Tartikoff
Brandon Tartikoff (January 13, 1949 – August 27, 1997) was an American television executive who was the president of NBC from 1980 to 1991. He was credited with turning around NBC's low prime time reputation with such hit series as "Hill Street Blues", "L.A. Law", "Law & Order", "ALF", "Family Ties", "The Cosby Show", "Cheers", "Seinfeld", "The Golden Girls", "Wings", "Miami Vice", "Knight Rider", "The A-Team", "Saved by the Bell," "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" , "St. Elsewhere", and "Night Court".
Teresa Parente
She is best known for her recurrent role on the Fox Broadcasting Company's sitcom "Married... with Children" as hapless television reporter "Miranda Veracruz de la Hoya Cardinal", whose catchphrase was simply saying her name. She played more than forty different female characters, including the show's main love interest, on the Brandon Tartikoff/PBS comedy series, "The Steven Banks Show," and has guest-starred on many other American television series, including "Night Court", "L.A. Law", "Cafe Americain", "Friends", and "3rd Rock from the Sun". In 2002, she debuted as a feature film actress in New Line Cinema's "S1m0ne," written and directed by Andrew Niccol and starring Al Pacino. Shortly thereafter, she was cast as Anthony LaPaglia's suicidal mother (in flashback) on CBS's "Without a Trace," appearing in three episodes of the series. She was female lead Roxanne Bojarski's mother in multiple episodes of the NBC dramatic series "American Dreams", and in 2006, she narrowly escaped death in a hail of gunfire on CBS's drama series "Numb3rs".

Question: What NBC president created "The Steven Banks Show"?
Answer: Brandon Tartikoff
Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977. Before his accession to the presidency, Ford served as the 40th vice president of the United States from December 1973 to August 1974. Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office by the Electoral College.
Gerald Ford
Born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ford attended the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He served in this capacity for 25 years, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader. In December 1973, two months after the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford became the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment by President Richard Nixon. After the subsequent resignation of President Nixon in August 1974, Ford immediately assumed the presidency. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest in U.S. history for any president who did not die in office.
Executive Order 11850
Executive Order 11850 - Renunciation of certain uses in war of chemical herbicides and riot control agents. was signed on April 8, 1975, by United States President Gerald Ford.

Question: Executive Order 11850 was signed by an American politician who was born in what year?
Answer: 1913
Avicenna
His "Book of Healing" became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title "Sufficientia", and some authors have identified a "Latin Avicennism" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the Parisian decrees of 1210 and 1215.

Question: How many years did it take for Ibn Sina's Book of Healing to be available in Latin?
Answer: fifty
Turner Classic Movies
Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network, some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of TCM are available in France, Greece, Italy, Middle East, Africa, Spain, Asia, Latin America, Nordic countries, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta. The UK version operates two channels, including a spinoff called TCM 2.

Question: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?
Answer: 2005
Leicester City F.C.
Leicester City Football Club is an English professional football club based in Leicester in the East Midlands. The club competes in the Premier League, the top division of England's football league system, and plays its home matches at the King Power Stadium.
Leicester City F.C.
The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F.C., playing on a field near Fosse Road. They moved to Filbert Street in 1891, were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919. They moved to the nearby Walkers Stadium in 2002, which was renamed the King Power Stadium in 2011.
Tom Lonie
Thomas Lonie (26 November 1874 – 1941) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen, Leicester Fosse and Stoke.

Question: Thomas "Tom" Lonie played for which team at the King Power Stadium?
Answer: Leicester City Football Club
Swiss Promotion League
Promotion League is the third tier of the Swiss football league system, below the Swiss Challenge League and above the 1. Liga Classic. The league was introduced in 2012 and has 16 teams.
Rinjala Raherinaivo
Rinjala Raherinaivo (born 25 May 1998) is a Malagasy international footballer who plays as a midfielder for CNaPS Sport and the Madagascar national football team.

Question: In what year was the division that Rinjala Raherinaivo plays for introduced?
Answer: 2012
Insect
In addition to the use of sound for communication, a wide range of insects have evolved chemical means for communication. These chemicals, termed semiochemicals, are often derived from plant metabolites include those meant to attract, repel and provide other kinds of information. Pheromones, a type of semiochemical, are used for attracting mates of the opposite sex, for aggregating conspecific individuals of both sexes, for deterring other individuals from approaching, to mark a trail, and to trigger aggression in nearby individuals. Allomones benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones benefit their receiver instead of their producer. Synomones benefit the producer and the receiver. While some chemicals are targeted at individuals of the same species, others are used for communication across species. The use of scents is especially well known to have developed in social insects.

Question: Semiochemicals come from where?
Answer: plant metabolites
Robert Harris (novelist)
Robert Dennis Harris (born 7 March 1957) is an English novelist. He is a former journalist and BBC television reporter. Although he began his career in non-fiction, his fame rests upon his works of historical fiction. Beginning with the best-seller "Fatherland", Harris focused on events surrounding the Second World War, followed by works set in ancient Rome. His most recent works centre on contemporary history. Harris was educated at Selwyn College, Cambridge, where he was president of the Union and editor of the student newspaper "Varsity".
Max Jacob
Max Jacob (] ; 12 July 1876 – 5 March 1944) was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic.

Question: Who was born earlier, Max Jacob, or Robert Harris?
Answer: Max Jacob
C-Town Supermarkets
C-Town Supermarkets is a chain of independently owned and operated supermarkets operating in the northeastern United States.
Krasdale Foods
Krasdale Foods is an independent grocery wholesaler which supplies more than 7,000 products to food retailers (including A.I.M., Bravo and C-Town supermarkets), mostly in the New York City metropolitan area. From Krasdale Foods' distribution center in the Bronx, the company offers Krasdale-labeled, private-label, and regional brands, as well as ethnic and specialty food items. Krasdale also provides merchandising and marketing services to its customers. Abraham Krasne founded the company as A. Krasne Inc. in 1908. Krasdale Foods adopted its current moniker in 1972.

Question: Krasdale Foods is an independent grocery wholesaler which supplies more than how many products to food retailers, including C-Town Supermarkets, a chain of independently owned and operated supermarkets operating in the northeastern United States?
Answer: 7,000
History of science
The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neurobiology. New methods of visualizing the activity of the brain, such as PET scans and CAT scans, began to exert their influence as well, leading some researchers to investigate the mind by investigating the brain, rather than cognition. These new forms of investigation assume that a wide understanding of the human mind is possible, and that such an understanding may be applied to other research domains, such as artificial intelligence.

Question: What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science?
Answer: artificial intelligence
Annelid
copulate. Earthworms store their partners' sperm in spermathecae ("sperm stores") and then the clitellum produces a cocoon that collects ova from the ovaries and then sperm from the spermathecae. Fertilization and development of earthworm eggs takes place in the cocoon. Leeches' eggs are fertilized in the ovaries, and then transferred to the cocoon. In all clitellates the cocoon also either produces yolk when the eggs are fertilized or nutrients while they are developing. All clitellates hatch as miniature adults rather than larvae.

Question: Where do leeches move their eggs to?
Answer: the cocoon
Culture
In the humanities, one sense of culture as an attribute of the individual has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been used to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture, or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness. Such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.

Question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly?
Answer: body modification, clothing or jewelry
Dieter Bokeloh
Dieter Bokeloh (born 28 January 1942 in Benneckenstein) is a German former ski jumper who competed in the early 1960s. He finished fourth in the individual large hill event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.
1964 Winter Olympics
The 1964 Winter Olympics, officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games (French: Les "IXes Jeux olympiques d'hiver") (German: "Olympische Winterspiele 1964"), was a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck, Austria, from January 29 to February 9, 1964. The Games included 1091 athletes from 36 nations, and the Olympic Torch was carried by Joseph Rieder, a former alpine skier who had participated in the 1956 Winter Olympics.

Question: Who carried the Olympic torch the year Dieter Bakeloh finished fourth in the individual large hill event in Innsbruck?
Answer: Joseph Rieder
Ottoman Empire
As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks". The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to ensure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.

Question: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?
Answer: Ottoman Public Debt Administration
Cameroon
Cameroon ( ; ), officially the Republic of Cameroon ( ), is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state, it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Nord-Ouest and Sud-Ouest Regions having a strong West African history. However, since 2017, elements within the "Sud-Ouest" and "Nord-Ouest" regions have since declared an independent (yet internationally unrecognized) state called Ambazonia. The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa. Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people.
Platylesches picanini
Platylesches picanini, the banded hopper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, south-western Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, northern Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa (the Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga). The habitat consists of forests, riparian vegetation along river courses, woodland, dry forests and Guinea savanna.

Question: Platylesches picanini, the banded hopper, is a butterfly of the Hesperiidae family, it is found in which country in Central Africa? 
Answer: Republic of Cameroon
Adolescence
Risk-taking may also have reproductive advantages: adolescents have a newfound priority in sexual attraction and dating, and risk-taking is required to impress potential mates. Research also indicates that baseline sensation seeking may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan. Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk.

Question: What is an example of a poor birth control method?
Answer: withdrawal
Province of Maryland
The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland. Its first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, in the southern end of St. Mary's County, which is a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay and is also bordered by four tidal rivers.
Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland
Sir Robert Eden, 1st Baronet, of Maryland, 23rd Proprietary Governor of Maryland (14 September 1741 – 2 September 1784) was a British colonial official and the last Royal Governor of Maryland. Although a popular governor and an able administrator, Eden's authority was overthrown by the events of the American Revolution, and in June 1776 he was invited by the Maryland Convention to leave for England. Eden was well-regarded at home and in the same year, 1776, he was made a baronet. He eventually returned to Maryland where he died in 1784 at the age of 43. He was buried in Annapolis and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Frederick, a noted author.

Question: In which year was this province of the British colony for which Sir Robert Eden served as governor in 1741 established?
Answer: 1632
Sunanda Devi
Nanda Devi East ( ) locally known as Sunanda Devi is the lower of the two adjacent peaks of the highest mountain in Uttarakhand and second highest mountain in India; Nanda Devi is its higher twin peak. Nanda Devi and Nanda Devi East are part of the Garhwal Himalayas, and are located in the state of Uttarakhand. The graceful peaks of twin mountains are visible from almost everywhere in Kumaon. The first ascent to Nanda Devi East peak in recorded history appears to be in 1939 by Jakub Bujak and Janusz Klarner. The elevation of Nanda Devi East is 7434 m and its prominence is 260 m .
Annapurna II
Annapurna II is part of the Annapurna mountain range, and is the eastern anchor of the range. It was first climbed in 1960 by a British/Indian/Nepalese team led by J. O. M. Roberts via the West Ridge, approached from the north. The summit party comprised Richard Grant, Chris Bonington, and Sherpa Ang Nyima. In terms of elevation, isolation (distance to a higher summit, namely Annapurna I East Peak, 29.02 km ) and prominence (2437 m ), Annapurna II does not rank far behind Annapurna I Main, which serves as the western anchor. It is a fully independent peak, despite the close association with Annapurna I Main which its name implies. Annapurna II is the 16th highest mountain in the world.

Question: Which mountain peak was explored first, Sunanda Devi or Annapurna II? 
Answer: Sunanda Devi
MLB Whiparound
MLB Whiparound is an American baseball nightly television show on Fox Sports 1 hosted by Chris Myers and Kevin Burkhardt with Joel Klatt alternating as a secondary presenter. The presenter is joined by either 1 or 2 analysts from the group of Mark Sweeney, Eric Karros, Dontrelle Willis, Pete Rose, Nick Swisher, Alex Rodriguez, A. J. Pierzynski, Frank Thomas, and Terry Collins, as well as Fox Sports' Jon Paul Morosi and Ken Rosenthal.
Ken Rosenthal
Kenneth H. "Ken" Rosenthal (born September 19, 1962) is an American sportswriter and reporter. He serves as a field reporter for "Fox Major League Baseball" and in-studio reporter for MLB Network. Since August 2017, he is a senior baseball writer for "The Athletic".

Question: MLB Whiparound with Kenneth H. "Ken" Rosenthal airs on what network?
Answer: Fox Sports 1
Saturno (song)
"Saturno" is a song recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Pablo Alborán for his fourth studio album "Prometo" (2017). The song was released worldwide on 8 September 2017, by Warner Music Spain as the album's first single. The song is the main theme of the Mexican telenovela "Caer en tentación".
Caer en tentación
Caer en tentación (English: "Fall Into Temptation") is a Mexican telenovela produced by Giselle González for Televisa, and it started airing on Mexican broadcast channel Las Estrellas on 18 September 2017, and concluded on 11 February 2018. Based on the Argentine drama by Erika Halvorsen and Gonzalo Demaría, titled "Amar después de amar". The series stars Silvia Navarro, Gabriel Soto, Adriana Louvier, and Carlos Ferro.

Question: Saturno is the theme of which Televisa telenovela?
Answer: Caer en tentación