qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
42nd Infantry Division (United States)
The 42nd Infantry Division (42ID) ("Rainbow") is a division of the United States Army National Guard. The 42nd Infantry Division has served in World War I, World War II and the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). The division is currently headquartered at the Glenmore Road Armory in Troy, New York.
42nd Infantry Division (United States)
The division headquarters is a unit of the New York Army National Guard. The division currently includes Army National Guard units from fourteen different states, including Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. s of 2007 , 67 percent of 42ID soldiers are located in New York and New Jersey.
Steven N. Wickstrom
Steven N. Wickstrom (born April 16, 1958) is a retired Army National Guard officer. He attained the rank of major general as commander of the 42nd Infantry Division from 2009 to 2013.

Question: What wars did the division of which Steven N. Wickstrom is a commander serve in?
Answer: World War I, World War II and the Global War on Terrorism
2008 Sichuan earthquake
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried. In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived. The Juyuan Middle School, where many teenagers were buried, was excavated by civilians and cranes. Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise.

Question: How many students out of the 900 in the school, survived the collapse?
Answer: 60
Carnival
A uniquely Creole tradition are the "touloulous". These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks, and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called "universities", large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

Question: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?
Answer: pay admittance
Buckingham Palace
Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion persuaded the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Question: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
Answer: palace was seldom used, even neglected
Age of Enlightenment
However, the prime example of reference works that systematized scientific knowledge in the age of Enlightenment were universal encyclopedias rather than technical dictionaries. It was the goal of universal encyclopedias to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work. The most well-known of these works is Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert's "Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers". The work, which began publication in 1751, was composed of thirty-five volumes and over 71 000 separate entries. A great number of the entries were dedicated to describing the sciences and crafts in detail and provided intellectuals across Europe with a high-quality survey of human knowledge. In d'Alembert's "Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot", the work's goal to record the extent of human knowledge in the arts and sciences is outlined:As an Encyclopédie, it is to set forth as well as possible the order and connection of the parts of human knowledge. As a Reasoned Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades, it is to contain the general principles that form the basis of each science and each art, liberal or mechanical, and the most essential facts that make up the body and substance of each.

Question: Who wrote the Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot?
Answer: d'Alembert's
Gawain (opera)
Gawain is an opera with music by Harrison Birtwistle to a libretto by David Harsent. The story is based on the Middle English romance "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight". The opera was a commission from the Royal Opera House, London, where it was first performed on 30 May 1991. Rhian Samuel has published a detailed analysis of the opera. Birtwistle revised it in 1994, and the premiere of the revised version was given at the Royal Opera House on 20 April 1994.
Otello (Rossini)
The plot of the libretto differs greatly from Shakespeare's play in that it takes place wholly in Venice, not mainly on Cyprus, and the dramatic conflict develops in a different manner. The role of Iago is much less diabolical than Shakespeare's play or Verdi's 1887 opera "Otello", which was based on it. Shakespeare derived his play from the story "Un Capitano Moro" ("A Moorish Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565.In further contrast, the role of Roderigo, a sub-plot in Shakespeare and Verdi, is very prominent in Rossini's version—some of the most difficult and brilliant music being assigned to the character Rodrigo. The roles of Otello, Iago, and Rodrigo are all composed for the tenor voice.

Question: Gawain and Otello are both what type of performance?
Answer: opera
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is served by the daily "New Haven Register", the weekly "alternative" "New Haven Advocate" (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the "Hartford Courant"), the online daily "New Haven Independent", and the monthly "Grand News Community Newspaper." Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The "Register" also backs "PLAY" magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the "Yale Daily News", the weekly "Yale Herald" and a humor tabloid, "Rumpus Magazine".

Question: The other newspaper, New Haven Advocate is run by which company?
Answer: Tribune
Al Joyner
Alfrederick "Al" Joyner (born January 19, 1960) is an American track and field coach and former athlete. He was born in East St. Louis, Illinois. He is the 1984 Olympic gold medalist in the triple jump. He was also the coach and husband of the late four-time Olympic medalist Florence Griffith Joyner and is the brother of six-time Olympic medalist Jackie Joyner-Kersee.
Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Jacqueline Joyner-Kersee (born March 3, 1962) is an American retired track and field athlete, ranked among the all-time greatest athletes in the heptathlon as well as long jump. She won three gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals, in those two events at four different Olympic Games. "Sports Illustrated for Women" magazine voted Joyner-Kersee the Greatest Female Athlete of All-Time. She is on the Board of Directors for USA Track & Field (USATF), the national governing body of the sport.

Question: When was the brother of Alfrederick born who was also  three-time Olympic gold medalist ?
Answer: March 3, 1962
LaserDisc
There were also 12 cm (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of digital audio CD tracks. The original 1989 release of David Bowie's retrospective "Sound + Vision" CD box set prominently featured a CD-V video of "Ashes to Ashes", and standalone promo CD-Vs featured the video, plus three audio tracks: "John, I'm Only Dancing", "Changes", and "The Supermen".

Question: What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players?
Answer: CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD)
Freemasonry
The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on St John's Day, 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the "Antient Grand Lodge of England." These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).

Question: The Grand Lodge of England is also know as what?
Answer: GLE
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census
The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

Question: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?
Answer: Mulatto
North Carolina
North Carolina was inhabited for at least ten thousand years by succeeding prehistoric indigenous cultures. The Hardaway Site saw major periods of occupation as far back as 10,000 years. Before 200 AD, they were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in the Piedmont, continued to build or add on to such mounds. In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built large, complex cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Its largest city was Cahokia, located in present-day Illinois near the Mississippi River.

Question: What was the largest city in the Piedmont before European contact?
Answer: Cahokia
Tom Lyle
Thomas Stanford Lyle (November 2, 1953 – November 19, 2019) was an American comics artist, best known for his work on "Starman" and "Robin" for DC Comics, and "" for Marvel Comics.
Batman: Knight Gallery
Batman: KnightGallery is an American comic book published in 1995 by the DC Comics imprint "Elseworlds". Written by Doug Moench, and features the art of Thomas Grummett, Michael Manley, Vincent Giarrano, James Balent, Bret Blevins, Graham Nolan, Norm Breyfogle, Neal Adams, George Pérez, Stephen De Stefano, Tom Lyle, Gary Frank, David Taylor and Nigel Phelps.

Question: Batman: Knight Gallery was a comic book that featured art from the artist best known for work on what two other comics?
Answer: "Starman" and "Robin"
Southampton
Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002), Hampton, Virginia, in the USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), Busan in South Korea (since 1978), and Miami, Florida, also in the USA (since 14 June 2019).

Question: What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?
Answer: Le Havre
Fellini's Pizza
Fellini's Pizza is an Italian restaurant founded in Atlanta on May 5, 1982 by Clay Harper of the Coolies and Mike Nelson. It has 7 locations and is known for its Atlanta style pizza. Its first location was near Little Five Points. It was voted "best pizza" in 2013 by "The Emory Wheel".
Sammy's Pizza
Sammy's Pizza & Restaurant is a regional restaurant brand. It was founded in 1954 in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States.

Question: Which Italian restaurant opened its first location near Little Five Points in Atlanta: Fellini's Pizza or Sammy's Pizza?
Answer: Fellini's Pizza
Ben & Jerry's
Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet. It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to British-Dutch conglomerate Unilever. Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever. Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.
Ben Cohen (businessman)
Bennett Cohen (born March 18, 1951) is an American businessman, activist, and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of the ice cream company Ben & Jerry's.

Question: Ben Cohen was one of the founders of which Burlington-based company that makes ice cream?
Answer: Ben & Jerry's
Queen Victoria
Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French monarch since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.

Question: Who was the first French King to visit Queen Victoria?
Answer: Louis Philippe
JJ (magazine)
JJ is a Japanese fashion and lifestyle magazine published by Kobunsha. It was established in 1975 as an extra issue of "Josei Jishin", and was the first women's magazine for college students in Japan. Most readers of "JJ" are females between the ages of 17 and 26, and range from college students to office workers. 
New York Woman
New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts, literary and humorous essays, and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants, shops or films. Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area. It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986. The first issue was published in September–October of that year. The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine's sale to American Express Publishing, publisher of "Travel + Leisure" and "Food & Wine".

Question: Which magazine was establoshed first, JJ or New York Woman?
Answer: JJ
Bally Technologies
Bally Technologies, Inc. is an American manufacturer of slot machines and other gaming technology based in Enterprise, Nevada. It is owned by Scientific Games Corporation.
Bally Technologies
The company was founded in 1968 as Advanced Patent Technology. It eventually changed its name to Alliance Gaming and acquired, in 1996, Bally Gaming International, a former division of Bally Manufacturing. In 2006, the entire company adopted the Bally name.
Scientific Games
Scientific Games Corporation is an American corporation that provides gambling products and services to lottery and gambling organizations across the globe. The publicly traded company is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its products include computerized and mechanical slot machines, table games, iGaming and iLottery products, instant lottery games, lottery gaming systems, terminals and services, internet applications, server-based interactive gambling terminals, gambling control systems, social gaming, and sports betting.

Question: Where is the headquarters of the corporation that owns Bally Technologies, Inc.?
Answer: Las Vegas, Nevada
Funk
Funk is a music genre that originated in African-American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions and focuses on a strong rhythmic groove of a bassline played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer, often at slower tempos than other popular music. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves that created a "hypnotic" and "danceable feel". Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths and thirteenths.
Gotcha! (band)
Gotcha! is a Dutch Funk Band founded in 1989; their music, a mixture of sixties-trip-rock with funk and hip-hop, is influenced by George Clinton.

Question: What is the name of this music genre that originated in the mid 1960s when African American musicians created a rhytmic, danceable new form of music though a mix of soul, jazz, and R&B, the genre of the band Gotcha!?
Answer: Funk
Lion (2016 film)
Lion is a 2016 biographical drama film directed by Garth Davis (in his feature debut) and written by Luke Davies, based on the 2013 non-fiction book "A Long Way Home" by Saroo Brierley. The film stars Dev Patel, Rooney Mara, David Wenham and Nicole Kidman, as well as Abhishek Bharate, Divian Ladwa, Priyanka Bose, Deepti Naval, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Sunny Pawar, and tells the true story of how Brierley, 25 years after being separated from his family in Burhanpur, sets out to find them. It is a joint production between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Sachin Joab
Sachin Joab is an Australian actor. He took an interest in acting during primary school and attended various acting schools and workshops. Since graduating from the National Theatre, Joab has appeared in several films and television, including "City Homicide", "Rush", "My Year Without Sex", "10 Terrorists", and "Conspiracy 365". In 2011, Joab successfully auditioned for the recurring role of Ajay Kapoor in the soap opera "Neighbours". He was later promoted to the main cast. Joab left the show in May 2013. The actor has since appeared in SBS miniseries "Better Man" and feature film "Lion".

Question: What 2016 biographical film features the directorial debut of Garth Davis, featuring the Ajay Kapoor actor from Neighbors?
Answer: Lion
Treaty
Articles 46–53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the only ways that treaties can be invalidated—considered unenforceable and void under international law. A treaty will be invalidated due to either the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty or due to the content of the treaty itself. Invalidation is separate from withdrawal, suspension, or termination (addressed above), which all involve an alteration in the consent of the parties of a previously valid treaty rather than the invalidation of that consent in the first place.

Question: A treaty might be considered what if it's considered unenforceable and void under international law?
Answer: invalidated
Tucson, Arizona
The expansive area northwest of the city limits is diverse, ranging from the rural communities of Catalina and parts of the town of Marana, the small suburb of Picture Rocks, the affluent town of Oro Valley in the western foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains, and residential areas in the northeastern foothills of the Tucson Mountains. Continental Ranch (Marana), Dove Mountain (Marana), and Rancho Vistoso (Oro Valley), and Saddlebrooke (N. Oro Valley) are all masterplanned communities in the Northwest that have thousands of residents.
Tucson, Arizona
The community of Casas Adobes is also on the Northwest Side, with the distinction of being Tucson's first suburb, established in the late 1940s. Casas Adobes is centered on the historic Casas Adobes Plaza (built in 1948). Casas Adobes is also home to Tohono Chul Park, which is now within the town of Oro Valley, (a nature preserve) near the intersection of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road. The attempted assassination of Representative Gabrielle Giffords, and the murders of chief judge for the U.S. District Court for Arizona, John Roll and five other people on January 8, 2011, occurred at the La Toscana Village in Casas Adobes. The Foothills Mall is also on the northwest side in Casas Adobes.

Question: Which direction from Tucson is Picture Rocks?
Answer: northwest
Age of Enlightenment
Several Americans, especially Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in bringing Enlightenment ideas to the New World and in influencing British and French thinkers. Franklin was influential for his political activism and for his advances in physics. The cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment ran in both directions across the Atlantic. Thinkers such as Paine, Locke and Rousseau all take Native American cultural practices as examples of natural freedom. The Americans closely followed English and Scottish political ideas, as well as some French thinkers such as Montesquieu. As deists, they were influenced by ideas of John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733). During the Enlightenment there was a great emphasis upon liberty, republicanism and religious tolerance. There was no respect for monarchy or inherited political power. Deists reconciled science and religion by rejecting prophecies, miracles and Biblical theology. Leading deists included Thomas Paine in "The Age of Reason" and by Thomas Jefferson in his short "Jefferson Bible" – from which all supernatural aspects were removed.

Question: Attempts to reconcile which two fields resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy?
Answer: science and religion
Luna Amară
Luna Amară is a Romanian rock band from Cluj-Napoca . The band, which was founded in 1999 under the name Tanagra Noise, consists of Mihnea Blidariu (lead vocals, trumpet, rhythm guitar), Nick Făgădar (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Sorin Moraru (bass), Răzvan Ristea (drums) and Andrei Boțan (lead guitar). The band's name translates to Bitter Moon, and is borrowed from the Roman Polanski movie of the same name, inspired by the eponymous novel written by Pascal Bruckner. As of 2018, Luna Amară have released six studio albums (Asfalt, Loc Lipsă, Don't Let Your Dreams Fall Asleep, Pietre În Alb, Aproape and Nord).
Bitter Moon
Bitter Moon is a 1992 Franco-British erotic romantic thriller film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Peter Coyote, Emmanuelle Seigner, Hugh Grant, and Kristin Scott Thomas. The film's French title is " " (a pun on the French phrase "lune de miel", meaning "honeymoon".) It is based on the novel "Lunes de fiel" by the French author Pascal Bruckner, published in English as "Evil Angels". The score was composed by Vangelis.

Question: The band Luna Amară translates to a name that was an erotic romantic thriller fil directed by whom?
Answer: Roman Polanski
Oncidium
Oncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). As presently conceived (May 2014), it is distributed across much of South America, Central America, Mexico and the West Indies, with one species "(O. ensatum)" extending into Florida. Common names for plants in this genus include dancing-lady orchid and golden shower orchid.
Osteomeles
Osteomeles is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are shrubs native to eastern Asia, with compound leaves, opposite leaf arrangement, and small pome fruit. The fruits of all species in this genus are edible.

Question: Do plants in both Oncidium and Osteomeles produce edible fruit?
Answer: no
Armenia
The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent principality in northern and eastern Armenia known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The Orbelian Dynasty shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the House of Hasan-Jalalyan controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh.

Question: Which family overthrew the Seljuk Turks?
Answer: the Zakarid
Hydrogen
The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch (Big Bang). At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most nonmetallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because most acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H. The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex. As the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics.

Question: What form can you find hydrogen is on Earth?
Answer: molecular
Asphalt
The first British patent for the use of asphalt was "Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen" in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain. Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)".

Question: When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?
Answer: 1834
Chinese characters
As an exception, <ritten Cantonese<is in widespread use in <ong Kong< even for certain formal documents, due to the former British <olonial<administration's recognition of Cantonese for use for official purposes. In Taiwan, there is also a body of semi-official characters used to represent <aiwanese Hokkien<and <akka< For example, the vernacular character , pronounced "cii" in <akka< means "to kill". Other varieties of Chinese with a significant number of speakers, like <hanghainese<Wu, <an Chinese< and <ichuanese< also have their own series of characters, but these are not often seen, except on advertising billboards directed toward locals and are not used in formal settings except to give precise transcriptions of witness statements in legal proceedings. Written Standard Mandarin is the preference for all mainland regions.

Question: What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese?
Answer: Taiwan
Queen Victoria
Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864 a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.

Question: Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances? 
Answer: the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington
2015 Oklahoma Sooners football team
The 2015 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season, the 121st season of Sooner football. The team was led by two-time Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award winner, Bob Stoops, in his 17th season as head coach. They played their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma. They were a charter member of the Big 12 Conference.
2015 Clemson Tigers football team
The 2015 Clemson Tigers football team represented Clemson University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers were led by head coach Dabo Swinney in his seventh full year and eighth overall since taking over midway through 2008 season. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium, also known as "Death Valley." Clemson competed in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference. On December 5, 2015, the Tigers won the 2015 ACC Championship Game by defeating the North Carolina Tar Heels, 45–37, capping their first undefeated regular season since winning the national title in 1981. Ranked No. 1 throughout the College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings, Clemson defeated the No. 4 Oklahoma Sooners, 37–17, in the 2015 Orange Bowl to advance to the College Football Playoff National Championship. On January 11, 2016, the No. 2 Alabama Crimson Tide (13–1) defeated the No. 1 Clemson Tigers (14–0) in the 2016 national championship, 45–40. Both Clemson and Alabama finished the season 14–1.

Question: The 2015 Clemson Tigers football team represented Clemson University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season, ranked No. 1 throughout the College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings, Clemson defeated which team for No. 4, which football team that represented the University of Oklahoma in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season, the 121st season of Sooner football?
Answer: 2015 Oklahoma Sooners football team
Mike Starr (musician)
Michael Christopher Starr (April 4, 1966 – March 8, 2011) was an American musician best known as the original bassist for the rock band Alice in Chains, which he played with from the band's formation in 1987 until January 1993. He was also a member of Sato, Gypsy Rose and Sun Red Sun. Starr died of a prescription drug overdose at the age of 44 on March 8, 2011.
Fear the Voices
"Fear the Voices" is the last single that Alice in Chains released with vocalist Layne Staley and the only single that was co-written by bassist Mike Starr. The song was included on the box set "Music Bank" (1999).

Question: Fear the Voices was co-written by the bassist for the group he was a part of until which month?
Answer: January 1993
Anti-aircraft warfare
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to protect airfields everywhere, and this included light air defences. In the later decades of the Cold War this included the United States Air Force's operating bases in UK. However, all ground-based air defence was removed from Royal Air Force (RAF) jurisdiction in 2004. The British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command was disbanded in March 1955, but during the 1960s and 1970s the RAF's Fighter Command operated long-range air-defence missiles to protect key areas in the UK. During World War II the Royal Marines also provided air defence units; formally part of the mobile naval base defence organisation, they were handled as an integral part of the army-commanded ground based air defences.

Question: What year was ground-based air defence taken from RAF?
Answer: 2004
Albert Kesselring
Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German "Generalfeldmarschall" of the Luftwaffe during World War II who was subsequently convicted of war crimes. In a military career that spanned both world wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most highly decorated commanders, being one of only 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.
Albert Kesselring
Kesselring joined the Bavarian Army as an officer cadet in 1904 and served in the artillery branch. He completed training as a balloon observer in 1912. During World War I, he served on both the Western and Eastern fronts and was posted to the General Staff, despite not having attended the War Academy. Kesselring remained in the Army after the war but was discharged in 1933 to become head of the Department of Administration at the Reich Commissariat for Aviation, where he was involved in the re-establishment of the German aviation industry and the laying of the foundations for the Luftwaffe, serving as its chief of staff from 1936 to 1938.
Trasimene Line
The Trasimene Line (so-named for Lake Trasimene, the site of a major battle of the Second Punic War in 217 BC) was a German defensive line during the Italian Campaign of World War II. It was sometimes known as the Albert Line. The German Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), "Generalfeldmarschall" Albert Kesselring, used the line to delay the Allied northward advance in Italy in mid June 1944 to buy time to withdraw troops to the Gothic Line and finalise the preparation of its defenses.

Question: Which German Commander-in-Chief that used the Trasimene Line was nicknamed "Uncle Albert" 
Answer: Albert Kesselring
Prime minister
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state "may" refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.
Prime minister
Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the "entire" government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the "Executive Council" (the then name for the Irish cabinet).

Question: In contemporary parliamentary governments, which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve?
Answer: prime minister
Brea Olinda High School
Brea Olinda High School is a 9th–12th grade public high school located in Brea, California. Established in 1927, the school was originally located across the street from the Brea Mall in what has become the Brea Marketplace. In 1989, the school moved to its current location on the northern hills of Brea. The school has a current enrollment of approximately 2, 000 students and is part of the Brea Olinda Unified School District. 
Brea Mall
The Brea Mall is a shopping mall located in the Orange County city of Brea, California. Since 1998, the mall has been owned and operated by the Simon Property Group. It is home to four major department stores, 179 specialty shops and boutiques, and a food court. It is 1319447 sqft . The anchors are Macy's, Macy's Men's & Home, JCPenney, and Nordstrom with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears that has yet to be redeveloped into Life Time Fitness, retail, entertainment, and apartments.

Question: What is the name of the school located near the Brea mall owned by Simon Property Group?
Answer: Brea Olinda High School
Dog
A study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare humans and dogs showed that dogs have the same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans do. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.

Question: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?
Answer: MRI
Dutch language
Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, as the Asian bulk of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch language has no official status there and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as certain law codes are still only available in Dutch. Dutch is taught in various educational centres in Indonesia, the most important of which is the Erasmus Language Centre (ETC) in Jakarta. Each year, some 1,500 to 2,000 students take Dutch courses there. In total, several thousand Indonesians study Dutch as a foreign language. Owing to centuries of Dutch rule in Indonesia, many old documents are written in Dutch. Many universities therefore include Dutch as a source language, mainly for law and history students. In Indonesia this involves about 35,000 students.

Question: In what profession is Dutch often required in the Dutch East Indies?
Answer: the legal profession
Midnight Express (book)
Midnight Express is a 1977 nonfiction book by Billy Hayes and William Hoffer about Hayes‘s experience as a young American who was sent to a Turkish prison for trying to smuggle hashish out of Turkey. The book was adapted by Oliver Stone and directed by Alan Parker into a 1978 feature film of the same name that took many liberties with the book.
Billy Hayes (writer)
Billy Hayes (born April 3, 1947) is an American writer, actor, and film director. He is best known for his autobiographical book "Midnight Express" about his experiences in and escape from a Turkish prison after being convicted of smuggling hashish. He was one of hundreds of U.S. citizens in foreign jails serving drug charge sentences following a drug smuggling crackdown by foreign governments.

Question: Midnight Express is a 1977 non-fiction book by Billy Hayes, an American writer, actor, and film director, born on which date?
Answer: April 3, 1947
Phonology
The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones. The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.

Question: What are the principles of phonological analysis able to be applied separately from?
Answer: modality
Dwight D. Eisenhower
In June 1943, a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become President of the United States after the war. Believing that a general should not participate in politics, Merlo J. Pusey wrote that "figuratively speaking, [Eisenhower] kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office". As others asked him about his political future, Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job "from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe", and another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions. In 1945 Truman told Eisenhower during the Potsdam Conference that if desired, the president would help the general win the 1948 election, and in 1947 he offered to run as Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination.

Question: Along with dogcatcher, what political job did Eisenhower specifically not want to be considered for?
Answer: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe
Rubi Palmieri
Rubi Lira Miranda Palmieri (born October 6, 1983 in São Paulo) is a female water polo player from Brazil, who won the bronze medal with the Brazil women's national water polo team at the 2003 Pan American Games. She played in an attacking position in the national squad.
São Paulo
São Paulo ( ; ] ( ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The metropolis is an alpha global city (as listed by the GaWC) and the most populous city in Brazil, the Americas, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The municipality is also the world's 4th largest city proper by population. The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The name of the city honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.

Question: Rubi Lira Miranda Palmieri was born in a city whose name honors what Apostle?
Answer: Saint Paul of Tarsus
Near East
A second strategic personality from American diplomatic and military circles, Alfred Thayer Mahan, concerned about the naval vulnerability of the trade routes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, commented in 1902:The middle East, if I may adopt a term which I have not seen, will some day need its Malta, as well as its Gibraltar; it does not follow that either will be in the Gulf. Naval force has the quality of mobility which carries with it the privilege of temporary absences; but it needs to find on every scene of operation established bases of refit, of supply, and, in case of disaster, of security. The British Navy should have the facility to concentrate in force, if occasion arise, about Aden, India, and the Gulf.

Question: When did Alfred Thayer Mahan comment on the trade routes?
Answer: 1902
Northwestern University
Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. As the university increased in wealth and distinction, and enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with the undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research-university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and to research. The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917.

Question: What sports team did Northwestern field its first of in 1882?
Answer: intercollegiate football
Antarctica
Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica.

Question: During what eras was the Antarctic Peninsula formed?
Answer: late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic
Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University ( ; , ] , "the (honorable) University of Al-Azhar") is a university in Cairo, Egypt. Associated with Al-Azhar Mosque in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is renowned as "Islam's most prestigious university". In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students. As of 1996, over 4,000 teaching institutes in Egypt were affiliated with the University.
Mohammad Mahmoud Ghali
Mohammad Mahmoud Ghali (born 1920) was the Professor of Linguistics and Islamic Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Dr. Ghali has spent 20 years interpreting the meanings of the Quran into English. He is the author of an English translation of the Quran, "Towards Understanding the Ever-Glorious Quran". Dr. Ghali got his PhD in Phonetics from the University of Michigan. He also studied phonetics at the University of Exeter in the UK. Dr. Ghali has authored 16 books in Islamic studies, in Arabic as well as in English. The English books include Prophet Muhammad and the First Muslim State, Moral Freedom in Islam, Islam and Universal Peace, Synonyms in the Ever-Glorious Quran. Dr. Ghali is the founder of the faculty of languages and translation at Al-Azhar University. In addition to being a full-time professor now at the same faculty, he is also a permanent member of many Islamic organizations working in the field of interpreting the meanings of the Quran into different languages in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other countries.

Question: Mohammad Mahmoud Ghali was the Professor of Linguistics and Islamic Studies at the college associated with which mosque?
Answer: Al-Azhar Mosque
Matrix (EP)
Matrix is the fourth extended play by South Korean boy group B.A.P. It was released on November 16, 2015 by TS Entertainment and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. It features the lead single "Young, Wild & Free". It peaked at #3 on the Gaon charts.
B.A.P (South Korean band)
B.A.P (Korean:  ; an acronym for Best Absolute Perfect) was a South Korean boy group formed in 2012 under TS Entertainment.

Question: Yongguk, Himchan, Daehyun, Youngjae, Jongup, and Zelo have what Hit Single from B.A.P
Answer: "Young, Wild & Free"
Clothing
Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated around 170,000 years ago. Body lice are an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests that the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern "Homo sapiens" away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago.

Question: What may have the invention of clothing happened with?
Answer: northward migration