qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Communication
Verbal communication is the spoken or written conveyance of a message. Human language can be defined as a system of symbols (sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are manipulated. The word "language" also refers to common properties of languages. Language learning normally occurs most intensively during human childhood. Most of the large number of human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for symbols which enable communication with others around them. Languages tend to share certain properties, although there are exceptions. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect. Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages, and various mathematical formalisms are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages.

Question: What is human communication defined as?
Answer: a system of symbols
Jordan Fisher
Jordan William Fisher (born April 24, 1994) is an American singer, dancer, and actor. His self-titled EP was released by Hollywood Records on August 19, 2016. He has had recurring roles on the television series "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" and "Liv and Maddie", supporting roles in the television films "Teen Beach Movie", "Teen Beach 2" and "Grease Live", starred in "" on Fox, and is featured on the "Moana" soundtrack. He assumed the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton in the Broadway production of "Hamilton" on November 22, 2016. He played Noah Patrick in the TV series "Teen Wolf". Fisher and his dancing partner Lindsay Arnold won the 25th season of "Dancing with the Stars". He subsequently hosted "" in 2018, and commentated the 2019 "Fortnite World Cup". He took on the lead role of Evan Hansen in the Broadway production of "Dear Evan Hansen" in 2020.
Hamilton (musical)
Hamilton: An American Musical, simply known as Hamilton, is a sung-and-rapped-through musical with music, lyrics, and book by Lin-Manuel Miranda. It tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. Inspired by the 2004 biography "Alexander Hamilton" by Ron Chernow, the show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes; and it casts non-white actors as the Founding Fathers and other historical figures. Miranda described "Hamilton" as about "America then, as told by America now".
Hamilton (musical)
From its opening, "Hamilton" received critical acclaim. It premiered Off-Broadway on February 17, 2015, at the Public Theater, where its several-month engagement was sold out; it won eight Drama Desk Awards, including Outstanding Musical. It then transferred to the Richard Rodgers Theatre on Broadway, opening on August 6, 2015, where it received uniformly positive reviews and high box office sales. At the 2016 Tony Awards, "Hamilton" received a record 16 nominations and won 11 awards, including Best Musical. It received the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Question: Jordan Fished played the role of John Laurens in which Broadway production?
Answer: Hamilton
Galicia (Spain)
The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubordination. As a result, from 1480 to 1520 the Kingdom of Galicia contributed more than 10% of the total earnings of the Crown of Castille, including the Americas, well over its economic relevance. Like the rest of Spain, the 16th century was marked by population growth up to 1580, when the simultaneous wars with the Netherlands, France and England hampered Galicia's Atlantic commerce, which consisted mostly in the exportation of sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine.

Question: Which body was formed in 1500?
Answer: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia
Abigail Spencer
Abigail Leigh Spencer (born August 4, 1981) is an American actress. She began her career playing Rebecca Tyree on the ABC daytime television soap opera "All My Children" (1999–2001), before going on to star in the Lifetime crime drama series "Angela's Eyes" (2006). She also had recurring roles on "Mad Men" (2009), "Hawthorne" (2010), and "Suits" (2011–2019). From 2013 to 2016, Spencer starred as Amantha Holden in the SundanceTV drama series "Rectify", for which she received a nomination for a Critics' Choice Television Award. From 2016 to 2018, Spencer starred as history professor Lucy Preston in the NBC science-fiction series "Timeless".
Timeless (TV series)
Timeless is an American science fiction television series that premiered on NBC on October 3, 2016. It stars Abigail Spencer, Matt Lanter, and Malcolm Barrett as a team that attempts to stop a mysterious organization from changing the course of history through time travel. The series was created by Shawn Ryan and Eric Kripke, and also stars Sakina Jaffrey, Paterson Joseph, Claudia Doumit, and Goran Višnjić. The executive producers include John Davis and John Fox of "The Blacklist".

Question: When did the actress born who perfromed as a history professor Lucy Preston?
Answer: August 4, 1981
Kanye West
West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving both criticism and praise from many, including the mainstream media, other artists and entertainers, and two U.S. presidents. On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC ("A Concert for Hurricane Relief"), he deviated from the prepared script to criticize the media's portrayal of, and the federal response to, black victims of the hurricane. He criticized President George W. Bush for not "car[ing] about black people". Bush stated in an interview that the comment was "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for "The Today Show", West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. "It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long," argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons.

Question: On what day did the Kanye's famous George W. Bush criticism take place?
Answer: September 2, 2005
Child labour
Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. A high number of children also worked as prostitutes. The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison.

Question: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?
Answer: 143
Donovan
Donovan Philips Leitch (born 10 May 1946) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and guitarist. He developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelia, and world music (notably calypso). He has lived in Scotland, Hertfordshire (England), London, California, and since at least 2008 in County Cork, Ireland, with his family. Emerging from the British folk scene, Donovan reached fame in the United Kingdom in early 1965 with live performances on the pop TV series "Ready Steady Go!".
Minstrel Boy (album)
Minstrel Boy is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in the United Kingdom (PRT Records DOW 13) in July 1983 and did not chart.

Question: What year did the singer behind "Minstrel Boy" reach fame in?
Answer: 1965
Children's National Hospital
Children's National Hospital (formerly Children's National Health System, DC Children's Hospital, Children's National Medical Center) is a children's hospital in Washington, D.C. Ranked the top 7 children's hospitals in the country by "U.S. News & World Report", and located just north of the McMillan Reservoir and Howard University, it shares grounds with Washington Hospital Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, and the DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Kurt Newman, M.D., has served as the president and chief executive officer of Children’s National since 2011. Children's National is a not-for-profit institution that performs more than 450,000 visits each year. Featuring 323 beds and a Level IV NICU, Children's National is the regional referral center for pediatric emergency, trauma, cancer, cardiac and critical care as well as neonatology, orthopaedic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery.
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital is one of the national capital area's oldest academic teaching hospitals. It is a not-for-profit, acute care teaching and research facility located in the Georgetown neighborhood of the Northwest Quadrant of Washington, D.C. MedStar Georgetown is co-located with the Georgetown University Medical Center and is affiliated with the Georgetown University School of Medicine. MedStar Georgetown is home to the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, as well as centers of excellence in the neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, gastroenterology, transplant and vascular surgery. Originally named Georgetown University Hospital, it became part of the MedStar Health network in 2000.

Question: Both MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Children's National Medical Center are located in which U.S. city?
Answer: Washington, D.C.
The Seafarers
The Seafarers is Stanley Kubrick's fourth film and third short documentary, made for the Seafarers International Union, directed in June 1953.
One Big Hapa Family
One Big Hapa Family is a 2010 live-action/animated documentary film directed by Canadian director Jeff Chiba Stearns. The documentary explores aspects that influence most Japanese-Canadians to marry inter-racially and how the mixed Japanese generation perceives its multiracial identity.

Question: What film was made for the Seafarers International Union, The Seafarers or One Big Hapa Family?
Answer: The Seafarers
Mattel
Mattel, Inc. ( ) is an American multinational toy manufacturing company founded in 1945 with headquarters in El Segundo, California. The products and brands it produces include Fisher-Price, Barbie, Monster High, Ever After High, Polly Pocket, Hot Wheels, Matchbox, Masters of the Universe, American Girl, Thomas & Friends, and WWE. In the early 1980s, Mattel produced video game systems, under its own brands and under license from Nintendo. The company has presence in 40 countries and territories and sells products in more than 150 countries. The company operates through three business segments: North America, international, and American Girl. It is the world's second largest toy maker in terms of revenue, after The Lego Group. In 2019, it ranked #575 on the Fortune 500 list. On January 17, 2017, Mattel named former Google executive Margo Georgiadis as CEO. Georgiadis stepped down as CEO of Mattel on April 19, 2018. Her last day was on April 26, 2018. Ynon Kreiz is now the new CEO of Mattel.
P. J. Sparkles
P.J. Sparkles is a 1992 animated television special produced by Mike Young Productions. The special was more-or-less an advertising vehicle for a Mattel doll. Jodi Benson, best known for voicing Ariel in Disney's "The Little Mermaid" franchise, voiced the title character.

Question: In what city and state is the company that produced the P.J. Sparkles doll headquartered?
Answer: El Segundo, California
Switzerland
The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Switzerland played an exceptional role during the Reformation as it became home to many reformers. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. In 1541, he founded the "Republic of Geneva" on his own ideals. It became known internationally as the "Protestant Rome", and housed such reformers as Theodore Beza, William Farel or Pierre Viret. Zürich became another stronghold around the same time, with Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger taking the lead there. Anabaptists Felix Manz and Conrad Grebel also operated there. They were later joined by the fleeing Peter Martyr Vermigli and Hans Denck. Other centres included Basel (Andreas Karlstadt and Johannes Oecolampadius), Berne (Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel), and St. Gallen (Joachim Vadian). One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).

Question: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?
Answer: 1536
Archie Andrews
Archibald Andrews, created in 1941 by publisher John L. Goldwater and artist Bob Montana in collaboration with writer Vic Bloom, is the main character in the Archie Comics franchise, including the long-running "Archie Andrews" radio series, a syndicated comic strip, "The Archie Show", "Archie's Weird Mysteries", and "Riverdale". He is the rhythm guitarist and one of the three singers of the fictional band The Archies.
Archie (comic book)
Archie (also known as Archie Comics) is an ongoing comic book series featuring the Archie Comics character Archie Andrews. The character first appeared in "Pep Comics" #22 (cover dated December 1941). Archie proved to be popular enough to warrant his own self-titled ongoing comic book series which began publication in the winter of 1942 and ran until June 2015. A second series began publication in July 2015, featuring a reboot of the "Archie" universe with a new character design aesthetic and a more mature story format and scripting, aimed for older, contemporary teenage and young adult readers. The printed comic book format is different from the previous publications.

Question: Where did a character created in 1941 by publisher John L. Goldwater and artist Bob Montana first appear?
Answer: "Pep Comics" #22
Age of Enlightenment
More importantly, the contests were open to all and the enforced anonymity of each submission guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging. Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary and the medical profession"), there were some cases of the popular classes submitting essays and even winning. Similarly, a significant number of women participated—and won—the competitions. Of a total of 2,300 prize competitions offered in France, women won 49—perhaps a small number by modern standards, but very significant in an age in which most women did not have any academic training. Indeed, the majority of the winning entries were for poetry competitions, a genre commonly stressed in women's education.

Question: How many prize competitions did women win out of the 2300 in France?
Answer: 49
1948 Paisley by-election
The Paisley by-election, 1948 was a parliamentary by-election held on 18 February 1948 for the British House of Commons constituency of Paisley in Scotland. it was indirectly caused by the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin which had the effect of elevating his son, the sitting Labour MP Oliver Baldwin, to become Earl Baldwin of Bewdley.
Stanley Baldwin
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative statesman who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions.
Stanley Baldwin
Born to a prosperous family in Bewdley, Worcestershire, Baldwin was educated at Hawtreys, Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined the family iron and steel making business and entered the House of Commons in 1908 as the Member of Parliament for Bewdley, succeeding his father Alfred. He served as Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1917–1921) and President of the Board of Trade (1921–1922) in the coalition ministry of David Lloyd George and then rose rapidly: in 1922, Baldwin was one of the prime movers in the withdrawal of Conservative support from Lloyd George; he subsequently became Chancellor of the Exchequer in Bonar Law's Conservative ministry. Upon Bonar Law's resignation due to health reasons in May 1923, Baldwin became Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party. He called an election in December 1923 on the issue of tariffs and lost the Conservatives' parliamentary majority, after which Ramsay MacDonald formed a minority Labour government.

Question: What year did this British Conservative politician die, whose death indirectly caused the Paisley by-election 1948?
Answer: 1947
AARP The Magazine
AARP The Magazine is an American bi-monthly magazine, published by the American Association of Retired People, AARP, which focuses on aging issues.
Merl Reagle
Merl Harry Reagle (January 5, 1950 – August 22, 2015) was an American crossword constructor. For 30 years, he constructed a puzzle every Sunday for the "San Francisco Chronicle" (originally the "San Francisco Examiner"), which he syndicated to more than 50 Sunday newspapers, including the "Washington Post", the "Los Angeles Times", the "Philadelphia Inquirer", the "Seattle Times", "The Plain Dealer" (Cleveland, Ohio), the "Hartford Courant", the "New York Observer", and the "Arizona Daily Star". Reagle also produced a bimonthly crossword puzzle for "AARP The Magazine" magazine, a monthly crossword puzzle for the Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI, and puzzles for the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament.

Question: On which issues does this American bi-monthly magazine, for which Merl Reagle produced a bimonthly crossword puzzle for, focus?
Answer: aging issues
Seattle
Before moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#24) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, is still headquartered in nearby Renton. The company also has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton; it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. In 2006 former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, "Expansion Magazine" ranked Seattle as one of the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation based on climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, "Forbes" ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.

Question: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?
Answer: biotech companies
Eastern Kentucky University
Eastern Kentucky University (Eastern or EKU) is a public university in Richmond, Kentucky. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. It maintains branch campuses in Corbin, Hazard, Lancaster, and Manchester and offers more than 40 online undergraduate and graduate options.
J. C. Powell
Julius Cherry Powell (1926–1988) was an American academic teacher and the seventh president of Eastern Kentucky University.

Question: Where is the University, for which Julius Cherry Powell was the seventh president, located ?
Answer: Richmond
Dick Armey
Richard Keith Armey ( ; born July 7, 1940) is an American economist and politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Texas's  (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. Armey was one of the chief authors of the Contract with America. Armey is also an author and former economics professor. After his retirement from Congress, he has worked as a consultant, advisor, and lobbyist.
Taxpayer Choice Act
The Taxpayer Choice Act ( / ) was a bill in the United States Congress which, if enacted, would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to eliminate the alternative minimum tax on individual taxpayers. The bill was reproposed in 2009. The bill was not voted upon in either session. The legislation would create an alternative, simplified tax that individuals may choose over the current personal income tax. The new system would have two tax rates (up to $100K at 10% and 25% for everything above), a large standard deduction with no special deductions, and is argued to greatly reduce the damage and complexity caused by the current income tax. The bill would also make permanent the capital gains and dividends rate reductions enacted by the "Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act". In the House, the bill was introduced by Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI), ranking member on the House Budget Committee, and had 83 cosponsors in 2007 and 22 fellow Republicans in 2009. The bill was introduced in the Senate by Jim Demint. The plan has been supported by FreedomWorks, former House Majority Leader Dick Armey, and former 2008 presidential candidate Fred Thompson.

Question: Which state did this American politician and House Majority Leader represent in Congress, who supported the Taxpayer Choice Act along with FreedomWorks, and Fred Thompson?
Answer: Texas
2007–08 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season
Blackburn Rovers F.C. finished in the top half of the Premier League for the third successive season, this time ending up in 7th place, ultimately not enough for European qualification. Manager Mark Hughes departed for Manchester City at the end of the season, while successful winger David Bentley was sold to Tottenham Hotspur for a club record fee. Striker Roque Santa Cruz, a summer signing from Bayern Munich, had the season of his life, scoring 19 league goals, making up for Benni McCarthy's loss of form. Despite interest for richer clubs, Santa Cruz stayed on for another season.
Roque Santa Cruz
Roque Luis Santa Cruz Cantero (] ; born 16 August 1981) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a striker for, and captains, Paraguayan club Olimpia. He is the record goal scorer and has earned over 100 caps for the Paraguay national team, thus he is regarded as one of the best players in the nation's history.
Roque Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz started his career with Olimpia, progressing through their youth system to the first-team squad where he made his debut at the age of 15 in 1997. He finished his career with the club having scored 13 goals in 24 Primera División appearances where Olimpia claimed the 1997, 1998 and 1999 Primera División titles. Santa Cruz scored three goals in four appearances for Paraguay at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship before debuting for the Paraguayan national team at the 1999 Copa América, where he scored three goals in four appearances. He immediately joined Bundesliga club Bayern Munich in August 1999 for a fee of €5 million, which was a record transfer fee in Paraguayan football, where he scored five goals in 28 league appearances in his first season. He faced a series of injuries and heavy competition from teammates Giovane Élber, Roy Makaay and Claudio Pizarro which limited his impact and restricted his appearances for the club.

Question: What nationality is the striker who scored 19 goals in the 2007–08 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season ?
Answer: Paraguayan
Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal
The Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal is an artificial waterway on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in East Chicago, Indiana, which connects the Grand Calumet River to Lake Michigan. It consists of two branch canals, the 1.25 mile (2 km) Lake George Branch and the 2 mile (3 km) long Grand Calumet River Branch which join to form the main Indiana Harbor Canal. 
Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal
The canal also functions as a harbor (Indiana Harbor). The outer harbor is sheltered by two bulkheads marked by lights including the Indiana Harbor East Breakwater Light. Ships enter the outer harbor from the north. The inner harbor consists of the canal itself. The entrance to the outer harbor lies near Indiana Shoals, which extend up to 5 miles offshore, where water depths are as shallow as 15 feet.
Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division)
The Delaware Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, more commonly called the Delaware Canal, runs for 60 mi parallel to the right bank of the Delaware River from the entry locks near the mouth of the Lehigh River and terminal end of the Lehigh Canal at Easton south to Bristol. At Easton, which today is the home of The National Canal Museum, the Delaware Canal also connected with the Morris Canal built to carry anthracite coal to energy starved New Jersey industries. Later, with a crossing-lock constructed at New Hope, the New Hope 'outlet lock' (1847) connected by Cable Ferry to a feeder navigation/canal at Bull's Island along the opposite shore from Lumberville, which ran over 22 mi south along the left bank through Trenton to Bordentown, the west end of the Delaware and Raritan Canal (1834) to New York City via New Brunswick. 
Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division)
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania built the Delaware canal to feed anthracite stone coal to energy-hungry Philadelphia as part of its transportation infrastructure building plan known as the Main Line of Public Works—a legislative initiative creating a collection of self-reinforcing internal improvements to commercial transportation capabilities.

Question: Are the Pennsylvania Canal and Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal both located in the US?
Answer: yes
FPT University
FPT University is a private university in Vietnam. FPT University is a member of FPT Group and has campuses in Hanoi (main), Ho Chi Minh City and Danang.
Cavite State University Rosario Campus
Cavite State University - CCAT Campus is one of the 11 satellite campuses of Cavite State University (CvSU), with its main campus located at Indang, Cavite. It is also known as CvSU-R and Cavite State University College of Arts and Trade. It is located at Brgy. Tejeros Convention, Rosario, Cavite and occupies 9.23 hectare of land. It is formerly known as Cavite College of Arts and Trades (CCAT).

Question: FPT University and Cavite State University Rosario Campus are both what types of facilities?
Answer: university
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908), is a United States Supreme Court case that allows suits in federal courts for injunctions against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted contrary to any federal law or contrary to the constitution.
United States v. Cruikshank
United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876), was an important United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Bill of Rights did not apply to private actors or to state governments despite the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment. It reversed criminal convictions for the civil rights violations committed in aid of anti-reconstruction murders. Decided during the Reconstruction Era, the case represented a major blow to federal efforts to protect the civil rights of African Americans.

Question: United States v. Cruikshank and Ex parte Young were both cases decided in which US court?
Answer: United States Supreme Court
MP3
Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3). Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process). Over time this concern has become less of an issue as CPU speeds transitioned from MHz to GHz. Encoder/decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback.

Question: The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards?
Answer: specified degree of rounding tolerance
North Williams Avenue
North Williams Avenue is a north-south street located in Portland, Oregon, United States, and it defines the eastern boundary of North Portland. North Williams Avenue stretches from its southern terminus at Northeast Winning Way, near the Moda Center, to its northern terminus at North Winchell Street, a distance of 3.3 mi . It is a street common to the Portland neighborhoods Eliot, Boise, Humboldt, and Piedmont.
Moda Center
Moda Center, formerly known as the Rose Garden, is the primary indoor sports arena in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is used for basketball, ice hockey, rodeos, circuses, conventions, ice shows, concerts, and dramatic productions. The arena has a capacity of 19,393 spectators when configured for basketball. It is equipped with state-of-the-art acoustics and other amenities.

Question: The southern terminus of North Williams Avenue is near an indoor sports arena formerly known as what?
Answer: Rose Garden
Concerto Grosso (Tamberg)
Eino Tamberg's Concerto Grosso, Op. 5, was composed in 1956. It was awarded a gold medal at the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students the following year and was subsequently performed through both the Eastern and Western Blocs, launching the Estonian composer's career.
6th World Festival of Youth and Students
The 6th World Festival of Youth and Students (Russian: Всемирный фестиваль молодёжи и студентов) was opened on 28 July 1957, in Moscow, Soviet Union. The festival attracted 34,000 people from 130 countries. This became possible after the political changes initiated by Nikita Khrushchev. It was the first World Festival of Youth and Students held in the Soviet Union.
6th World Festival of Youth and Students
The Khrushchev reforms, known as Khrushchev's Thaw, resulted in some changes in the Soviet Union. Foreigners could come for a visit, and people were allowed to meet foreigners, albeit only in groups under supervision. Soviet foreign language students acted as interpreters.

Question: Tamberg's Concerto Grosso, Op. 5 was awarded a gold medal at the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students, which was held in what city?
Answer: Moscow, Soviet Union
Alfred North Whitehead
At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class. In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but rather the comparative study of their several structures." In a separate review, G. B. Mathews wrote, "It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes."

Question: How did Alexander Macfarlane summarize the relationship between different methods in "A Treatise on Algebra" in his review?
Answer: comparative study of their several structures
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. It questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries that elected leftist leaders, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.

Question: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?
Answer: Representatives
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States announced that its consul to Kiev would be Ukrainian-American John Stepanchuk. On November 19, the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments, respectively, Kravchuk and Yeltsin, signed a 10-year bilateral pact. In early December 1990 the Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine was founded; on December 15, the Democratic Party of Ukraine was founded.

Question: Who gave Mstyslav this title?
Answer: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Back to the Future: The Ride
Back to the Future: The Ride was a simulator ride at Universal Studios theme parks. It was based on and inspired by the "Back to the Future" film series and is a mini-sequel to 1990's "Back to the Future Part III". It was located at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, where it was replaced by "The Simpsons Ride", and at Universal Studios Japan, where it was replaced by "Despicable Me Minion Mayhem".
The Simpsons Ride
"The Simpsons" Ride is a motion simulator ride located in the Springfield areas of both Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood. Based on the animated television series "The Simpsons", the ride was announced in 2007 as a replacement for "" at both parks. It first opened at Universal Studios Florida on May 15, 2008, and then several days later at Universal Studios Hollywood on May 19, 2008. The producers of "The Simpsons" contributed to the design of the ride, which uses CGI animation provided by Blur Studio and Reel FX. Film Roman, along with AKOM and Rough Draft Studios, also worked on the ride's 2D animation. At the time of its opening, the ride featured state-of-the-art projection and hydraulic technology.
The Simpsons Ride
In 2013, the ride became the centerpiece of a themed "Simpsons" area at both parks, based on the fictional town of Springfield depicted in the animated series. The attraction is more than four minutes long and features two pre-show line queues that guests experience before boarding the ride. Its theme focuses on Krustyland, a theme park built by and named after Krusty the Clown, in which his evil genius sidekick Sideshow Bob attempts to get revenge on Krusty and the Simpson family. Many characters from the animated series make an appearance, all voiced by their original actors.

Question: What simulator ride at Universal Studios was based on a TV show and replaced Back to the Future: The Ride?
Answer: "The Simpsons" Ride
Myanmar
Official United States policy retains "Burma" as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names. The CIA's "World Factbook" lists the country as "Burma" as of August  2019 . The government of Canada has in the past used "Burma", such as in its 2007 legislation imposing sanctions, but as of the mid-2010s generally uses "Myanmar". The Czech Republic officially uses "Myanmar", although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses both "Myanmar" and "Burma" on its website. The United Nations uses "Myanmar", as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Australia, Russia, Germany, China, India, Bangladesh, Norway, Japan and Switzerland.

Question: How is Burma officially identified in the United States 
Answer: Burma (Myanmar)
List of numbered streets in Manhattan
122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park.

Question: How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?
Answer: three
Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977. Before his accession to the presidency, Ford served as the 40th vice president of the United States from December 1973 to August 1974. Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office by the Electoral College.
Gerald Ford
Born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ford attended the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He served in this capacity for 25 years, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader. In December 1973, two months after the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford became the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment by President Richard Nixon. After the subsequent resignation of President Nixon in August 1974, Ford immediately assumed the presidency. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest in U.S. history for any president who did not die in office.
Everett Kinstler
Everett Raymond Kinstler (August 5, 1926 – May 26, 2019) was an American artist, whose official portraits include Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan. He was also a pulp and comic book artist, whose work appeared mainly in the 1940s and 1950s.

Question: Who created the official portrait of the 38th President of the United States?
Answer: Everett Raymond Kinstler
Jacob Burckhardt
Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (May 25, 1818 – August 8, 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. Sigfried Giedion described Burckhardt's achievement in the following terms: "The great discoverer of the age of the Renaissance, he first showed how a period should be treated in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the social institutions of its daily life as well." 
Jacob Burckhardt
His best known work is "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy" (1860).
Henk Schulte Nordholt (art historian)
Henk Schulte Nordholt (8 March 1909, Zwolle - 9 November 1998, Amsterdam) was an art history professor and scholar from the Netherlands. He studied German language and literature, history, and art history at the University of Amsterdam from 1932 until 1939 and then taught German and history at the Rijnlands Lyceum in Wassenaar. He earned a doctorate under Jan Romein (1893-1962) in 1948 from the University of Amsterdam and wrote a historiography of the Renaissance . He admired Jacob Burckhardt.

Question: What is the best known work of Swiss historian who Henk Schulte Nordholt admired?
Answer: "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy"
New Haven, Connecticut
By 1640, "Qunnipiac's" theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven, with 'haven' meaning harbor or port. (However, the area to the north remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden.) The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, distinct from the Connecticut Colony previously established to the north centering on Hartford. Reflecting its theocratic roots, the New Haven Colony forbid the establishment of other churches, whereas the Connecticut Colony permitted them.

Question: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?
Answer: Quinnipiac
Give Us Our Skeletons
Give Us Our Skeletons! (Antakaa Meille Luurankomme in Finnish, Oaivveskaldjut in North Sami) is a 1999 documentary film directed by Paul-Anders Simma about Niillas Somby, a Sami man who retraces his family ancestry as he searches for the head of his ancestor, Mons Somby.
Dave Chappelle's Block Party
Dave Chappelle's Block Party, also known as Block Party, is a 2005 documentary film hosted and written by comedian Dave Chappelle, and directed by Michel Gondry.
Dave Chappelle's Block Party
The film and its soundtrack are dedicated to the memory of music producer J Dilla who died of lupus one month before the film's release. The film was officially released at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. The film grossed $12.1 million in the box office and debuted at #6 in its opening weekend, grossing $6 million in 1,200 theaters.

Question: Are Give Us Our Skeletons and Dave Chappelle's Block Party both comedies?
Answer: no
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade. Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered. Tensions continued to escalate and on December 29, Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad, wounding dozens.

Question: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? 
Answer: 85 percent
Hellenistic period
Between 301 and 219 BC the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 BC and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BC after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro- and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BC Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).

Question: What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah?
Answer: Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus
Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign
The 2008 presidential campaign of Hillary Rodham Clinton, then junior United States Senator from New York, was announced on her website on January 20, 2007. Hillary Clinton was previously the First Lady of the United States and First Lady of Arkansas prior to her election as U.S. Senator from New York. She is also the wife of former President Bill Clinton. Clinton was the source of much media speculation since having expressed interest in being a candidate in the 2008 presidential election since at least October 2002.
Verrit
The website's slogan said it was "media for the 65.8 million," referring to the number of votes Hillary Clinton received in the 2016 presidential election. Daou, an adviser to Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign, and prior chief executive of Shareblue told "Business Insider" that he intended the website to "reflect the worldview" of those who voted for Clinton and described the site as an "online hub for Clinton backers so that they can find easy-to-share facts, stats and other information you can take out to social media when you're having debates on key issues people are discussing". Daou also said the website had no financial ties to Clinton.

Question: Verrit, whose slogan is “media for the 65.8 million” refers to what part of the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008?
Answer: the number of votes
Power Rangers
Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise "Super Sentai". Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS Entertainment, later by Saban Brands, and today by SCG Power Rangers and Hasbro, the "Power Rangers" television series takes much of its footage from the "Super Sentai" television series, produced by Toei Company. The first "Power Rangers" entry, "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line of action figures and other toys by Bandai. By 2001, the media franchise had generated over $6 billion in toy sales.
Kimberly Hart
Kimberly Ann Hart is a fictitious character in the "Power Rangers" universe. Played by American actress Amy Jo Johnson during the first three seasons of the show, plus on the two feature films of the franchise, Kimberly has the longest tenure of any female ranger in the series' history, and fourth overall. She is possibly the best remembered as the first Pink Ranger and first Pink Ninja Ranger from the first entry of the franchise "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers". Kimberly was the Pink Ranger for nearly three years before she was written off the show as having given up her powers for good to Zordon's new pink ranger Katherine Hillard, to participate at the Pan Global Games in Florida.

Question: Which actress played the part of fictitious character Kimberly Ann Hart, in the franchise built around a live action superhero television series taking much of its footage from the Japanese tokusatsu 'Super Sentai'?
Answer: Amy Jo Johnson
Adelaide Olympic FC
Adelaide Olympic F.C. is a football club from Adelaide, South Australia. The club competes in the National Premier Leagues South Australia.
Ambesager Yosief
Ambesager Yosief (born 29 June 1984) is an Eritrean footballer who plays for Adelaide Raiders.

Question: The football club Ambesager Yosief plays for is from where?
Answer: Adelaide, South Australia