qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Thompson/Center Contender
The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in cartridges from .22 Long Rifle to .45-70 Government.
Thompson/Center Arms
Thompson/Center Arms is an American firearms company based in Springfield, Massachusetts. The company is best known for its line of interchangeable-barrel, single-shot pistols and rifles. Thompson/Center also manufactures muzzle-loading rifles and is credited with creating the resurgence of their use in the 1970s.

Question: Where is the company which introduced the Thompson/Center Contender based?
Answer: Springfield, Massachusetts
Frank De Winne
Frank, Viscount De Winne (born 25 April 1961, in Ledeberg, Belgium) is a Belgian Air Component officer and an ESA astronaut. He is Belgium's second person in space (after Dirk Frimout). He was the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission when he served as commander of ISS Expedition 21. ESA astronaut de Winne serves currently as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency in Cologne/Germany (Köln).
Wubbo Ockels
Wubbo Johannes Ockels (28 March 1946 – 18 May 2014) was a Dutch physicist and an astronaut of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 1985 he participated in a flight on the Space Shuttle Challenger, STS-61-A, making him the first Dutch citizen in space. After his astronaut career, Ockels was professor of "Aerospace for Sustainable Engineering and Technology" at the Delft University of Technology.
Wubbo Ockels
Ockels was born in Almelo, Netherlands, but considered Groningen to be his hometown. He obtained his MSc degree in physics and mathematics in 1973 and subsequently a PhD degree in the same subjects in 1978 from the University of Groningen. His thesis was based on experimental work at the Nuclear-physics Accelerator Institute (KVI) in Groningen.

Question: Were Frank De Winne and Wubbo Ockels both astronauts?
Answer: yes
Pacific War
American submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. American submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. Furthermore, they played important reconnaissance roles, as at the battles of the Philippine Sea (June 1944) and Leyte Gulf (October 1944) (and, coincidentally, at Midway in June 1942), when they gave accurate and timely warning of the approach of the Japanese fleet. Submarines also rescued hundreds of downed fliers, including future US president George H. W. Bush.

Question: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?
Answer: reconnaissance roles
Nixon in China
Nixon in China is an opera in three acts by John Adams, with a libretto by Alice Goodman. Adams' first opera, it was inspired by U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. The work premiered at the Houston Grand Opera on October 22, 1987, in a production by Peter Sellars with choreography by Mark Morris. When Sellars approached Adams with the idea for the opera in 1983, Adams was initially reluctant, but eventually decided that the work could be a study in how myths come to be, and accepted the project. Goodman's libretto was the result of considerable research into Nixon's visit, though she disregarded most sources published after the 1972 trip.
Die Soldaten
Zimmermann wrote and revised his opera in phases between 1957 and 1964; it was premiered in 1965 and dedicated to Hans Rosbaud. Zimmermann himself faithfully adapted the play into the libretto, the only changes to the text being repeats and small cuts. It is the composer's only completed opera and is considered an important work of the second half of the 20th century.

Question: Die Soldaten and Nixon in China, are which type of performance?
Answer: opera
The Death Cure
The Death Cure is a 2011 young adult dystopian science fiction novel written by American writer James Dashner and the third book published in the "Maze Runner" series (the fifth and last in narrative order). It was published on 11 October 2011 by Delacorte Press and was preceded in publication order by "The Maze Runner" and "The Scorch Trials" and followed by the series prequels, "The Kill Order and The Fever Code". In narrative order, it is the last book in the series.
The Maze Runner (book series)
The Maze Runner is a series of young adult dystopian science fiction novels written by American author James Dashner. The series consists of "The Maze Runner" (2009), "The Scorch Trials" (2010) and "The Death Cure" (2011), as well as two prequel novels, "The Kill Order" (2012) and "The Fever Code" (2016), and a companion book titled "The Maze Runner Files" (2013).

Question: The Maze Runner is a series that includes The Death Cure, which was released in what year?
Answer: 2011
Chenango Canal
The Chenango Canal was a towpath canal built and operated in the mid-19th century in central New York in the United States. It was 97 miles long and for much of its course followed the Chenango River, along Rt. 12 N-S from Binghamton on the south end to Utica on the north end. It operated from 1834 to 1878 and provided a significant link in the water transportation system of the northeastern U.S., connecting the Susquehanna River to the Erie Canal.
Loup Canal
The Loup Canal is a hydroelectric and irrigation canal located in eastern Nebraska, United States. The canal is owned and managed by Loup Power District, a public power electric utility.

Question: Which canal is located in Nebraska, the Loup Canal or the Chenango Canal?
Answer: The Loup Canal
Hassan Al-Absi
Hassan Al-Absi (born 1966) is a Saudi Arabian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
1984 Summer Olympics
The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States (and other venues around the United States). This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games, the first being in 1932.

Question: The Olympics Hassan Al-Absi competed in took place in what city?
Answer: Los Angeles, California, United States
The Inheritance Cycle
The Inheritance Cycle is a tetralogy of young adult high fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini. Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( ), the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon, Saphira, as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix. The series was originally intended to be a trilogy (named the "Inheritance Trilogy") until Paolini announced on October 30, 2007, while working on the third novel, that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books.
Inheritance (Paolini novel)
Inheritance is a 2011 novel written by American author Christopher Paolini. It is the fourth novel in The Inheritance Cycle.

Question: What is the fourth novel in the cycle of books focused  on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon?
Answer: Inheritance
Sooni Taraporevala
Sooni Taraporevala (born 1957) is an Indian screenwriter, photographer and filmmaker who is best known as the screenwriter of "Mississippi Masala", "The Namesake" and Oscar-nominated "Salaam Bombay!" (1988), all directed by Mira Nair.
Mississippi Masala
Mississippi Masala is a 1991 romantic drama film directed by Mira Nair, based upon a screenplay by Sooni Taraporevala, starring Denzel Washington, Sarita Choudhury, and Roshan Seth. Set primarily in rural Mississippi, the film explores interracial romance between African Americans and Indian Americans in the United States.

Question: Which Oscar-nominated film was written by the screenwriter who wrote a 1991 romantic drama based upon a screenplay by Sooni Taraporevala?
Answer: Salaam Bombay
2006 NFL Draft
The 2006 National Football League Draft, the 71st in league history, took place in New York City, New York, at Radio City Music Hall on April 29 and April 30, 2006. For the 27th consecutive year, the draft was telecast on ESPN and ESPN2, with additional coverage offered by ESPNU and, for the first time, by the NFL Network. Having signed a contract with the Houston Texans on the evening before the draft, Mario Williams, a defensive end from North Carolina State, became the draft's first pick. The selection surprised many commentators, who predicted that the Texans would draft Southern California running back Reggie Bush or Texas quarterback Vince Young. Ohio State produced the most first round selections (five), while Southern California produced the most overall selections (eleven). Twenty-seven compensatory and supplemental compensatory selections were distributed amongst seventeen teams; Tampa Bay, Baltimore, and Tennessee each held three compensatory picks. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season. The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of:
Bobby Carpenter (American football)
Robert Joseph Carpenter, III (born August 1, 1983) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions and New England Patriots. He was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Ohio State.
Bobby Carpenter (American football)
Carpenter attended Lancaster High School in Lancaster, Ohio, alma mater of Super Bowl champion Jim Cordle. In addition to being a football standout, he was also a member of the swim team. During his senior year, Carpenter was selected All-Ohio first-team in football, and also went to the District Finals in swimming.

Question: In which city did the draft take place in which Bobby Carpenter was drafted to the Dallas Cowboys in the first round?
Answer: New York City
Batman: Streets of Gotham
Batman: Streets of Gotham is an American comic book written by Paul Dini, with art by Dustin Nguyen. The series stars Dick Grayson as the new Batman and ties into Grant Morrison's overarching "" story and the new "Gotham City Sirens" monthly. The series ran for 21 issues, from 2009 to 2011.
Gotham City Sirens
Gotham City Sirens is an American comic book series that was written by Paul Dini with art by Guillem March and published by DC Comics. The term "Gotham City Sirens" refers to three of the most popular female villains inhabiting Gotham City: Catwoman, Harley Quinn, and Poison Ivy.

Question: In Batman: Streets of Gotham, what are the names of the Gotham city sirens?
Answer: Catwoman, Harley Quinn, and Poison Ivy.
Protestantism
Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage. As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions). To Bismarck this was "practical Christianity". These programs, too, were copied by many other nations, particularly in the Western world.

Question: What did Bismarck consider social insurance programs to be?
Answer: practical Christianity
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College ( ) is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is the ninth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded as a school to educate Native Americans in Christian theology and the English way of life, Dartmouth primarily trained Congregationalist ministers throughout its early history before it gradually secularized, emerging at the turn of the 20th century from relative obscurity into national prominence.
Keggy the Keg
Keggy the Keg is the unofficial mascot of Dartmouth College, an Ivy League college in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Keggy is an anthropomorphic beer keg, created in 2003 by members of the college humor magazine the "Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern", to fill the mascot void that followed the abolition of the Indian mascot in 1971. Due to its nature, the mascot was controversial on Dartmouth's campus, and it was reported on in a variety of national media. With time, however, it has become an "ingrained part of Dartmouth culture".
Keggy the Keg
After dropping the mascot of the Indian, Dartmouth had no official mascot. Dartmouth continued to be known by its nickname of "The Big Green," but, citing the ambiguity, lack of dynamism, and intangibility of having no mascot, the Dartmouth Student Assembly proposed a student poll in spring 2003 to decide upon a new mascot. While the Moose came in first in this poll, many students remained dissatisfied with the choice, and the moose lost a final poll to "no mascot." Chris Plehal and Nic Duquette, students at the "Jack-O-Lantern" humor magazine, expressed interest in creating a mascot that "wasn't racist, biased or sexist, yet [was] entirely unacceptable." In an effort to force the administration to adopt a more interesting mascot, they created Keggy, an anthropomorphic keg that represents "the most obvious Dartmouth stereotype: the beer-swilling "Animal House" fraternity culture."

Question: What year was the college where Keggy the Keg is the mascot founded?
Answer: 1769
Insect
Many adult insects use six legs for walking and have adopted a tripedal gait. The tripedal gait allows for rapid walking while always having a stable stance and has been studied extensively in cockroaches and ants. The legs are used in alternate triangles touching the ground. For the first step, the middle right leg and the front and rear left legs are in contact with the ground and move the insect forward, while the front and rear right leg and the middle left leg are lifted and moved forward to a new position. When they touch the ground to form a new stable triangle the other legs can be lifted and brought forward in turn and so on. The purest form of the tripedal gait is seen in insects moving at high speeds. However, this type of locomotion is not rigid and insects can adapt a variety of gaits. For example, when moving slowly, turning, avoiding obstacles, climbing or slippery surfaces, four (tetrapod) or more feet (wave-gait) may be touching the ground. Insects can also adapt their gait to cope with the loss of one or more limbs.

Question: Insects can change their gait to deal with the loss of what?
Answer: limbs
Josip Broz Tito
As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle. In Belgrade he resided in the official residence, the Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private home. The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on. The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik, and included a zoo. Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida.

Question: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?
Answer: Jože Plečnik
Mariinsky Theatre
The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: , , also transcribed as Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th-century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre. Today, the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre's general director.
The Nutcracker
The Nutcracker (Russian: , ) is an 1892 two-act ballet (" "; , ), originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Op. 71). The libretto is adapted from E. T. A. Hoffmann's story "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King".
The Nutcracker
Although the original production was not a success, the 20-minute suite that Tchaikovsky extracted from the ballet was. However, the complete "Nutcracker" has enjoyed enormous popularity since the late 1960s and is now performed by countless ballet companies, primarily during the Christmas season, especially in North America. Major American ballet companies generate around 40% of their annual ticket revenues from performances of "The Nutcracker". The ballet's score has been used in several film adaptations of Hoffmann's story.

Question: The Nutcracker was given its premier at what historic theater of opera and ballet that opened in 1860?
Answer: The Mariinsky Theatre
LaserDisc
The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective Red (showing up in photos as a purple-violet or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The reddish color of RLVs is very similar to DVD-R and DVD+R discs. RLVs were popular for making short-run quantities of LaserDiscs for specialized applications such as interactive kiosks and flight simulators. Another, 'single sided' form of RLV exists with the silver side being covered in small bumps. Blank RLV discs show a standard Test Card when played in a Laserdisc player.

Question: Why do RLV discs have a blue or purple reflective color?
Answer: to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs
Chinese characters
In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese writing by thousands of years. However, because these marks occur singly, without any implied context, and are made crudely and simply, Qiu Xigui concluded that "we do not have any basis for stating that these constituted writing nor is there reason to conclude that they were ancestral to Shang dynasty Chinese characters." They do however demonstrate a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period.

Question: What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades? 
Answer: series of inscribed graphs and pictures
Robert Hofstadter
Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist. He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Rudolf Mössbauer) "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons".
Behram Kurşunoğlu
Behram Kurşunoğlu (14 March 1922 – 25 October 2003) was a Turkish physicist and the founder and the director of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami. He was best known for his works on unified field theory, energy and global issues. Moreover, he participated in the discovery of two different types of neutrinos in late 1950s. During his University of Miami career, he hosted several Nobel Prize laureates, including Paul Dirac, Lars Onsager and Robert Hofstadter. He wrote several books on diverse aspects of physics, the most notable of which is "Modern Quantum Theory" (1962).

Question: Behram Kurşunoğlu was a Turkish physicist who hosted several Nobel Prize Laueates including an American physicist who pineerd the stufy of electron scatter in what?
Answer: atomic nuclei
Lata Mangeshkar
Lata Mangeshkar ( (born 28 September 1929)) is an Indian playback singer and music director. She is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India. She has recorded songs in over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional Indian languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Marathi, Hindi, Bengali and Assamese.
Lata Mangeshkar
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award was bestowed on her in 1989 by the Government of India. In 2001, in recognition of her contributions to the nation, she was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour and is only the second vocalist, after M. S. Subbulakshmi, to receive this honour. France conferred on her its highest civilian award (Officer of the Legion of Honour) in 2007.
Ujala (film)
Ujala (Light) is a Bollywood movie released in 1959, starring Shammi Kapoor, Mala Sinha, Raaj Kumar, Leela Chitnis and Tun Tun. Naresh Saigal was the story writer as well as the director of the movie. Ujala features one of the popular Bollywood songs "Jhoomta Masoom, Mast Mahina" played by Shammi Kapoor and Mala Sinha, sung by Manna Dey and Lata Mangeshkar. The film came with a message; "Honesty always triumphs".(Wrong link)

Question: What Indian playback singer and occasional music composer born 28 September 1929 has a song featured in the 1959 Bollywood movie Ujala?
Answer: Lata Mangeshkar
Textual criticism
Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) and Fenton Hort (1828–1892) published an edition of the New Testament in Greek in 1881. They proposed nine critical rules, including a version of Bengel's rule, "The reading is less likely to be original that shows a disposition to smooth away difficulties." They also argued that "Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses", and that "The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others."

Question: Does ease of reading correlate to accuracy in relation to the original text?
Answer: "The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others."
Adolescence
A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment, and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.

Question: Is adolescence a period of one transition or multiple transitions?
Answer: multiple transitions
Friedrich Leibniz
Friedrich Leibniz (or Leibnütz; 1597–1652) was a Lutheran lawyer and a notary, registrar and professor of moral philosophy within Leipzig University. He was the father of Gottfried Leibniz.
Leipzig University
Leipzig University ( ), in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on December 2, 1409 by Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and his brother William II, Margrave of Meissen, and originally comprised the four scholastic faculties. Since its inception, the university has engaged in teaching and research for over 600 years without interruption.

Question: When was the university, for which Friedrich Leibniz was registrar and professor of moral philosophy, founded?
Answer: December 2, 1409
J. Allen Hynek
Josef Allen Hynek (May 1, 1910 – April 27, 1986) was an American astronomer, professor, and ufologist. He is perhaps best remembered for his UFO research. Hynek acted as scientific advisor to UFO studies undertaken by the U.S. Air Force under three consecutive projects: Project Sign (1947–1949), Project Grudge (1949–1952), and Project Blue Book (1952–1969).
Center for UFO Studies
The Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS) is a privately funded UFO research group. The group was founded in 1973 by J. Allen Hynek, who at the time was Chair of the Department of Astronomy at Northwestern University in Illinois.

Question: The Center for UFO Studies was a group founded by an American astronomer who acted as scientific advisor to UFO studies undertaken by who?
Answer: U.S. Air Force
John, King of England
John was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election. He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole. He barred Langton from entering England and seized the lands of the archbishopric and other papal possessions. Innocent set a commission in place to try to convince John to change his mind, but to no avail. Innocent then placed an interdict on England in March 1208, prohibiting clergy from conducting religious services, with the exception of baptisms for the young, and confessions and absolutions for the dying.

Question: Who was barred Langton from entering England?
Answer: England
Emotion
This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (direction model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (movement model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (action tendency model). Support for the action tendency model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the action tendency model.

Question: Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?
Answer: shyness
Egypt
The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief Sasanian Persian invasion early in the 7th century amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and

Question: What war gave Sasanin Persians control of Egypt?
Answer: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Symplocos
Symplocos is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales. It contains about 300 species distributed in Asia and the Americas. Many species grow in humid tropical regions. This is sometimes considered to be the only genus in family Symplocaceae. Plants in this family are shrubs and trees with white or yellow flowers.
Phytolacca
Phytolacca is a genus of perennial plants native to North America, South America and East Asia. Some members of the genus are known as pokeweeds or similar names such as pokebush, pokeberry, pokeroot or poke sallet. Other names for species of "Phytolacca" include inkberry and ombú. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ("phyton"), meaning "plant," and the Latin word "lacca", a red dye. Phytolaccatoxin and phytolaccigenin are present (in the leaves, stems, roots, blossoms, berries etc.) in many species which are poisonous to mammals if not prepared properly. The berries are eaten by birds, which are not affected by the toxin. The small seeds with very hard outer shells remain intact in the digestive system and are eliminated whole.

Question: Which genus of plants is found in more continents, Phytolacca or Symplocos?
Answer: Phytolacca
To Kill a Mockingbird
Furthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the "contented slave" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters. One writer asserts that the use of Scout's narration serves as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict. Scout's voice "functions as the not-me which allows the rest of us—black and white, male and female—to find our relative position in society". A teaching guide for the novel published by "The English Journal" cautions, "what seems wonderful or powerful to one group of students may seem degrading to another". A Canadian language arts consultant found that the novel resonated well with white students, but that black students found it "demoralizing". Another criticism, articulated by Michael Lind, is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash".

Question: According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing?
Answer: black students
Napoleon
Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign. In 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy".

Question: How long did it take Napoleon to drive Austria from Italy in 1800?
Answer: a month
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States (C.S. or CS) or the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway state that fought against the United States during the American Civil War.
Confederate States of America
Existing from 1861 to 1865, the Confederacy was originally formed by secession of seven slave-holding states—South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas—in the Lower South region of the United States, whose economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves. Convinced that white supremacy and the institution of slavery were threatened by the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories, the Confederacy declared its secession in rebellion against the United States, with the loyal states becoming known as the Union during the ensuing American Civil War. In a speech known today as the Cornerstone Address, Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens described its ideology as being centrally based "upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and normal condition".
Olivia Floyd
Annie Olivia Floyd (July 2, 1826 – December 8, 1905) was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War, noted as a blockade runner. 
Olivia Floyd
Annie Olivia Floyd, known as Olivia, was the daughter of David I. and Sarah (Semmes) Floyd. Her mother inherited an interest in the property of Rose Hill near Port Tobacco, Maryland about 1843, and Olivia lived there with her family. She never married.

Question: Which states did Olivia Floyd fight for during the American Civil War?
Answer: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "looking glass" that the gestures and reactions of others provide. Depending on these reactions, we either experience pride or shame and this results in particular paths of action. Retzinger (1991) conducted studies of married couples who experienced cycles of rage and shame. Drawing predominantly on Goffman and Cooley's work, Scheff (1990) developed a micro sociological theory of the social bond. The formation or disruption of social bonds is dependent on the emotions that people experience during interactions.

Question: Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?
Answer: Retzinger
Prime minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."

Question: Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?
Answer: Lord Melbourne
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed ("Ex parte Quirin") under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort called "The Venona Project"—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project, but he failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of it until 1952. Another notable case was the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

Question: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?
Answer: 1940s
James Arness
James Arness (born James King Aurness, May 26, 1923 – June 3, 2011) was an American actor, best known for portraying Marshal Matt Dillon for 20 years in the CBS television series "Gunsmoke". Arness has the distinction of having played the role of Dillon in five separate decades: 1955 to 1975 in the weekly series, then in "" (1987) and four more made-for-television "Gunsmoke" films in the 1990s. In Europe, Arness reached cult status for his role as Zeb Macahan in the Western series "How the West Was Won". He was the older brother of actor Peter Graves.
Peter Graves
Peter Graves (born Peter Duesler Aurness; March 18, 1926 – March 14, 2010) was an American film and television actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Phelps in the CBS television series "" from 1967 to 1973 (original) and from 1988 to 1990 (revival). His elder brother was actor James Arness. Graves was also known for his portrayal of airline pilot Captain Clarence Oveur in the 1980 comedy film "Airplane!" and its 1982 sequel "".

Question: James Arness was the real life brother of the actor of which "Airplaine!" character?
Answer: Captain Clarence Oveur
Younger Now
Younger Now is the sixth studio album by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released on September 29, 2017, by RCA Records. Cyrus began planning a commercial follow-up record to her fourth album "Bangerz" while simultaneously making her experimental fifth album "Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz" in 2015, although later became influenced by her reconciliation with fiancé Liam Hemsworth in 2016. "Younger Now" was written and produced by Cyrus and Oren Yoel, with whom she had collaborated on her previous two full-lengths. Not concerning herself with radio airplay, their efforts resulted in an "honest" final product that sees Cyrus "leaning into her roots." It features guest vocals from singer Dolly Parton, Cyrus' godmother.
Inspired (song)
"Inspired" is a song recorded by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released on June 9, 2017, as a promotional single from her sixth studio album "Younger Now" (2017). Written and produced by Cyrus and Oren Yoel, "Inspired" is a country ballad about creating a difference in the world. Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign inspired Cyrus to write the track, which references her father Billy Ray and her childhood in Tennessee. Media suggested that this song was as an example of Cyrus' career change following the more hip hop approach to her fourth studio album "Bangerz." 
Inspired (song)
"Inspired" was first made available for music download and streaming during Pride Month. Cyrus donated her personal profits from the song to her Happy Hippie Foundation, which deals with homelessness among LGBTQ youth. Her fans created a lyric video, which she shared on her Instagram account. Critics had a mixed response to the song. "Inspired" charted in Australia, Russia, and Spain. Cyrus promoted the track with live performances, including at the One Love Manchester benefit concert.

Question: Who is the godmother of the singer of the song "Inspired"?
Answer: Dolly Parton
Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li
Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li is a 2009 American martial arts action film released as a non-canon spin-off and theatrical tie-in to "Street Fighter IV". It follows the quest of "Street Fighter" character Chun-Li, who is portrayed by Kristin Kreuk. Its story is before the events of the original "Street Fighter" as it follows Chun-Li's personal history and her journey for justice. The film co-stars Neal McDonough as M. Bison, Chris Klein as Charlie, Michael Clarke Duncan as Balrog, and Black Eyed Peas member Taboo as Vega. "The Legend of Chun-Li" was released on February 27, 2009 to mostly negative reviews and poor box office numbers.
Michael Clarke Duncan
Michael Clarke Duncan (December 10, 1957September 3, 2012) was an American actor best known for his breakout role as John Coffey in "The Green Mile" (1999), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and other honors. He also appeared in motion pictures such as "Friday" (1995), "Armageddon" (1998), "The Whole Nine Yards" (2000), "Planet of the Apes" (2001), "The Scorpion King" (2002), "Daredevil" (2003), "Sin City" (2005), and "" (2006), and had voice roles in films such as "Brother Bear" (2003), "Kung Fu Panda" (2008), and "Green Lantern" (2011), and as Leo Knox in the TV series "Bones" (2011) and its spin-off series "The Finder" (2012).

Question: The actor, who plays Balrog in "Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li" is best known for his breakout role in which movie?
Answer: The Green Mile
Quran
"Sahih al-Bukhari" narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell" and Aisha reported, "I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in power," the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer." The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the "Encyclopaedia of Islam" that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in ancient Arabia. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood.

Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically accurate? 
Answer: Encyclopaedia of Islam
New York City
The city has played host to more than forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing league. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are sporting venues located in New York City, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. New York was the first of eight American cities to have won titles in all four major leagues (MLB, NHL, NFL and NBA), having done so following the Knicks' 1970 title. In 1972, it became the first city to win titles in five sports when the Cosmos won the NASL final.

Question: About how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in New York?
Answer: forty
Flowering plant
The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse. The number of families in APG (1998) was 462. In APG II (2003) it is not settled; at maximum it is 457, but within this number there are 55 optional segregates, so that the minimum number of families in this system is 402. In APG III (2009) there are 415 families.

Question: What does the large number of flowering plant species indicate is true of them in general?
Answer: diverse
Jake Bugg
Jake Bugg (born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy; 28 February 1994) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. His self-titled debut album, "Jake Bugg", some of which was co-written with songwriter Iain Archer, was released in October 2012 and reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. His second album, "Shangri La", was released in November 2013 and his third, largely self-produced album "On My One", in June 2016. His fourth album "Hearts That Strain", a largely acoustic effort, produced by Dan Auerbach, was released in September 2017.
T in the Park 2013
T in the Park 2013 was a three-day music festival which took place between 11–14 July 2013 in Balado, Kinross. It was the 20th Anniversary #T20 of the Scottish music festival Rihanna and Mumford and Sons were announced as the first and second headliner acts on 4 December 2012. Others acts confirmed on the same day were Jake Bugg, Alt-J, Of Monsters and Men, The Script, Paloma Faith. On 5 December 2012 The Killers were announced as third headliner act and other acts confirmed were Two Door Cinema Club and Azealia Banks. On 13 December 2012 it was announced that Emeli Sandé would return to the music festival for its 20th anniversary. On 13 February 2013, Germany Electronic band Kraftwerk were added to the line-up.

Question: What is the name of the singer who performed in T in the Park 2013 and also produced a self-titled debut album which contained songs co-written with Iian Archer?
Answer: Jake Bugg
Franco-Prussian War
The Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but while the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not "yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses". The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a . Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of Paris and Moltke issued the orders for an investment of the city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz, completing the encirclement on 20 September. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded a frontier immune to a French war of revenge, which included Strasbourg, Alsace and most of the Moselle department in Lorraine of which Metz was the capital. In return for an armistice for the French to elect a National Assembly, Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and the fortress city of Toul. To allow supplies into Paris, one of the perimeter forts had to be handed over. Favre was unaware that the real aim of Bismarck in making such extortionate demands was to establish a durable peace on the new western frontier of Germany, preferably by a peace with a friendly government, on terms acceptable to French public opinion. An impregnable military frontier was an inferior alternative to him, favoured only by the militant nationalists on the German side.

Question: Bismarck and Favre met on what date?
Answer: 18 September
God
The gender of God may be viewed as either a literal or an allegorical aspect of a deity who, in classical western philosophy, transcends bodily form. Polytheistic religions commonly attribute to each of "the gods" a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually. In most monotheistic religions, God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually. Thus, in classical western philosophy the gender of this one-and-only deity is most likely to be an analogical statement of how humans and God address, and relate to, each other. Namely, God is seen as begetter of the world and revelation which corresponds to the active (as opposed to the receptive) role in sexual intercourse.

Question: What do polytheistic religions assign to their gods?
Answer: gender
C. S. Lewis
Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British writer and lay theologian. He held academic positions in English literature at both Oxford University (Magdalen College, 1925–1954) and Cambridge University (Magdalene College, 1954–1963). He is best known for his works of fiction, especially "The Screwtape Letters", "The Chronicles of Narnia", and "The Space Trilogy", and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics, such as "Mere Christianity", "Miracles", and "The Problem of Pain".
Jill Pole
Jill Pole is a major character from C. S. Lewis' "Chronicles of Narnia" series. She appears in "The Silver Chair" and "The Last Battle."

Question: Jill Pole appears in "Chronicles of Narnia" which is based on which novelist's work?
Answer: Clive Staples Lewis
Metropolis II (sculpture)
Metropolis II (2011) is a kinetic sculpture by Chris Burden at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Chris Burden
Christopher Lee Burden (April 11, 1946 – May 10, 2015) was an American artist working in performance, sculpture and installation art. Burden became known in the 1970s for his performance art works, including "Shoot" (1971), where he arranged for a friend to shoot him in the arm with a small-caliber rifle. A prolific artist, Burden created many well-known installations, public artworks and sculptures before his death in 2015.

Question: Where is the kinetic sculpture by an American artist working in performance, sculpture and installation art?
Answer: Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Armenia
While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social structure, Armenians faced pervasive discrimination. When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdul Hamid II, in response, organised state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people. The Hamidian massacres, as they came to be known, gave Hamid international infamy as the "Red Sultan" or "Bloody Sultan".

Question: What prompted the state-sponsored slaughter of Armenians?
Answer: pushing for more rights