qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Federal Bureau of Investigation
In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who may fall under the Act's provisions.

Question: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?
Answer: National Crime Syndicate
Northwestern University
Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) and has won eight Big Ten conference championships since 1903. At one time, Northwestern had the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982. They did not appear in a bowl game after 1949 until the 1996 Rose Bowl. The team did not win a bowl since the 1949 Rose Bowl until the 2013 Gator Bowl. Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006, 31-year-old former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position, becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time.

Question: What was the first bowl game Northwestern appeared in after 1949?
Answer: 1996 Rose Bowl
Hellenistic period
Magic was practiced widely, and this, too, was a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of the sun, moon, and planets. Astrology was widely associated with the cult of Tyche (luck, fortune), which grew in popularity during this period.

Question: Astrology was associated with which cult?
Answer: Tyche
Peter Freuchen
Lorenz Peter Elfred Freuchen (February 20, 1886 – September 2, 1957) was a Danish explorer, author, journalist and anthropologist. He is notable for his role in Arctic exploration, namely the Thule Expeditions.
Eskimo (film)
Eskimo (also known as Mala the Magnificent and Eskimo Wife-Traders) is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). It is based on the books "Der Eskimo" and "Die Flucht ins weisse Land" by Danish explorer and author Peter Freuchen. The film stars Ray Mala as Mala, Lulu Wong Wing as Mala's first wife Aba, Lotus Long as Mala's second wife Iva, Peter Freuchen as the Ship Captain, W. S. Van Dyke as Inspector White, and Joseph Sauers as Sergeant Hunt.

Question: Eskimo (also known as Mala the Magnificent and Eskimo Wife-Traders) is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), based on the books "Der Eskimo" and "Die Flucht ins weisse Land" by Danish explorer and author Peter Freuchen, Lorenz Peter Elfred Freuchen (February 2, 1886 – September 2, 1957) was a Danish explorer, author, journalist and what?
Answer: anthropologist
American Idol
Michael Lynche was the lowest vote getter at top nine and was given the Judges' Save. The next week Katie Stevens and Andrew Garcia were eliminated. That week, Adam Lambert was invited back to be a mentor, the first "Idol" alum to do so. "Idol Gives Back" returned this season on April 21, 2010, and raised $45 million.

Question: Who was the first American Idol contestant to return to the show as a mentor?
Answer: Adam Lambert
Space Race
In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400 kg payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. The 390 kg Luna 2 successfully impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959. The 278.5 kg Luna 3 successfully flew by the Moon and sent back pictures of its far side on October 6, 1959.

Question: How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?
Answer: 4
Gary Neville
Gary Alexander Neville (born 18 February 1975) is an English football coach and former player who is a co-owner of Salford City. After retiring from football in 2011, Neville went into punditry and was a commentator for Sky Sports, until he took over the head coach position at Valencia in 2015. After being sacked by the club in 2016, he returned to his position as a pundit for Sky Sports later that year. He was also assistant manager for the England national team from 2012 to 2016.
Neville Neville
Neville Neville (26 September 1949 – 7 August 2015) was a British league cricketer, football agent and director. His sons are the former professional association football players Gary Neville and Phil Neville and his daughter is the netball player and coach Tracey Neville.

Question: Which son of Neville Neville retired from football in 2011?
Answer: Gary Neville
The Devil (TV series)
The Devil () is a 2007 South Korean television series starring Uhm Tae-woong, Ju Ji-hoon, and Shin Min-a. It aired on KBS2 from March 21 to May 24, 2007 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.
Shin Min-a
Shin Min-a (born Yang Min-a on April 5, 1984) is a South Korean model and actress. She is best known for starring in television dramas "A Love to Kill" (2005), "My Girlfriend Is a Nine-Tailed Fox" (2010), "Arang and the Magistrate" (2012), "Oh My Venus" (2015), and "Tomorrow, With You" (2017).

Question: What actor best known for starring in the television drama "A Love to Kill", starred in  a 2007 South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from March 21 to May 24, 2007 ?
Answer: Shin Min-a
Israel
On 22 July 1946, Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. A total of 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured. The hotel was the site of the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan. The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah. It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era. The Jewish insurgency continued throughout the rest of 1946 and 1947 despite repressive efforts by the British military and Palestine Police Force to stop it. British efforts to mediate a negotiated solution with Jewish and Arab representatives also failed as the Jews were unwilling to accept any solution that did not involve a Jewish state and suggested a partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, while the Arabs were adamant that a Jewish state in any part of Palestine was unacceptable and that the only solution was a unified Palestine under Arab rule. In February 1947, the British referred the Palestine issue to the newly formed United Nations. On 15 May 1947, the General Assembly of the United Nations resolved that the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine be created "to prepare for consideration at the next regular session of the Assembly a report on the question of Palestine." In the Report of the Committee dated 3 September 1947 to the General Assembly, the majority of the Committee in Chapter VI proposed a plan to replace the British Mandate with "an independent Arab State, an independent Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem [...] the last to be under an International Trusteeship System." Meanwhile, the Jewish insurgency continued and peaked in July 1947, with a series of widespread guerrilla raids culminating in the sergeants affair. After three Irgun fighters had been sentenced to death for their role in the Acre Prison break, a May 1947 Irgun raid on Acre Prison in which 27 Irgun and Lehi militants were freed, the Irgun captured two British sergeants and held them hostage, threatening to kill them if the three men were executed. When the British carried out the executions, the Irgun responded by killing the two hostages and hanged their bodies from eucalyptus trees, booby-trapping one of them with a mine which injured a British officer as he cut the body down. The hangings caused widespread outrage in Britain and were a major factor in the consensus forming in Britain that it was time to evacuate Palestine.

Question: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?
Answer: 1947
Egypt
By about 6000 BCE, a Neolithic culture rooted in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in Upper and Lower Egypt. The Badarian culture and the successor Naqada series are generally regarded as precursors to dynastic Egypt. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BCE.

Question: How long did cultures coexist in lower Egypt?
Answer: more than two thousand years
Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston's culture blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has a number of art, music, local cuisine, and fashion venues. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the "Festival dei Due Mondi" (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.

Question: Spoleto Festival USA is a counterpart to what Italian festival?
Answer: Festival dei Due Mondi
Bird migration
In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits.

Question: Where is it always warm enough for food supply?
Answer: In the tropics
Skin (Rihanna song)
"Skin" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album, "Loud" (2010). The song was written by Kenneth Coby, Ursula Yancy and Rihanna with production helmed by Soundz. Musically, "Skin" is a R&B song that contains influences from pop, dance-pop and dubstep genres, while lyrically, the song is about being in a relationship with someone and only wanting to feel their skin close to the protagonists. "Skin" received generally positive reviews from critics, as part of their overall review of "Loud", praising "Skins compositions as well as Rihanna's sensual vocal performance. The song was included on the set list of the Loud Tour (2011), where Rihanna retrieves a man or woman from the audience near the end of the song, and performs a lap-dance whilst on an elevated platform. "Skin" was also used in Rihanna's advertisement campaign for Armani Jeans.
Loud Tour
The Loud Tour was the fourth overall and third world concert tour by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. Performing in over twenty countries in the Americas and Europe, the tour was launched in support of Rihanna's fifth studio album "Loud" (2010). Critics acclaimed the show for its liveliness and higher caliber of quality when compared to Rihanna's previous tours. The Loud Tour was a large commercial success, experiencing demand for an extension of shows in the United Kingdom due to popularity. In London, Rihanna played a record breaking 10 dates at The O2 Arena. The tour ultimately grossed an estimated value of US$90 million from 98 reported shows and a total audience of 1,200,800. The Loud Tour became the seventh-highest-grossing tour of 2011.

Question: In which year did the song Skin released in 2010, was apart of the Loud Tour set?
Answer: 2011
New Haven, Connecticut
By 1640, "Qunnipiac's" theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven, with 'haven' meaning harbor or port. (However, the area to the north remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden.) The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, distinct from the Connecticut Colony previously established to the north centering on Hartford. Reflecting its theocratic roots, the New Haven Colony forbid the establishment of other churches, whereas the Connecticut Colony permitted them.

Question: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?
Answer: Hartford
The Snowman
The special ranks #71 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, based on a vote by industry professionals. It was voted #4 in UKTV Gold's "Greatest TV Christmas Moments". It came third in Channel 4's poll of "100 Greatest Christmas Moments" in 2004. Its broadcast, usually on Christmas Eve, has become an annual festive event.
The Snowman
"The Snowman" is a wordless children's picture book by English author Raymond Briggs, first published in 1978 by Hamish Hamilton in the United Kingdom, and published by Random House in the United States in November of the same year. In the United Kingdom, it was the runner-up for the Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British writer. In the United States, it was named to the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list in 1979.
Howard Blake
Howard David Blake (born 28 October 1938) is an English composer, conductor, and pianist whose career has spanned more than 50 years and produced more than 650 works. Blake's most successful work is his soundtrack for Channel 4’s 1982 film "The Snowman", which includes the song "Walking in the Air". He is increasingly recognised for his classical works including concertos, oratorios, ballets, operas and many instrumental pieces.

Question: Who was the author of the book, on which Channel 4's 1982 film, for which Howard Blake wrote the soundtrack. is based ? 
Answer: Raymond Briggs,
Xbox 360
In May 2008 Microsoft announced that 10 million Xbox 360s had been sold and that it was the "first current generation gaming console" to surpass the 10 million figure in the US. In the US, the Xbox 360 was the leader in current-generation home console sales until June 2008, when it was surpassed by the Wii. The Xbox 360 has sold a total of 870,000 units in Canada as of August 1, 2008. Between January 2011 and October 2013, the Xbox 360 was the best-selling console in the United States for these 32 consecutive months.

Question: During what 32-month later period was the 360 the best selling console?
Answer: January 2011 and October 2013
Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin (born Israel Beilin; ; May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history. His music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russia, Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band", in 1911. He also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. It is commonly believed that Berlin could not read sheet music, and was such a limited piano player that he could only play in the key of F-sharp using his custom piano equipped with a transposing lever.
On the Avenue
On the Avenue is a 1937 American musical film directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Dick Powell, Madeleine Carroll, Alice Faye, George Barbier, and The Ritz Brothers. Many of the songs were composed by Irving Berlin. Many of the plot details (with a reversal of the male and female roles) were used in Let's Make Love.

Question: Who is the American composer that composed songs for the film On the Avenue?
Answer: Irving Berlin
Depeche Mode
Depeche Mode ( ) are an English Electronic band formed in Basildon, Essex in 1980. The group as of now consists of a trio of Dave Gahan (lead vocals and co-songwriting), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, co-lead vocals and main songwriting), and Andy Fletcher (keyboards).
Depeche Mode
Depeche Mode released its debut album "Speak & Spell" in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Founding member Vince Clarke left after the release of the album; they recorded "A Broken Frame" as a trio. Gore took over as main songwriter and, later in 1982, Alan Wilder replaced Clarke, establishing a lineup that continued for 13 years.
Martyr (song)
"Martyr" is the 45th UK single by the English electronic band Depeche Mode. It was released as a non-album single to promote the band's eighth greatest hits compilation album, "The Best Of, Volume 1". The single was released on 30 October 2006 in three formats: CD single, CD maxi and DVD single. There was also a limited edition double-12" single (L12BONG39) featuring four remixes of previous Depeche Mode tracks.

Question: Who sang lead vocals on the song Martyr?
Answer: Dave Gahan
Egypt
Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their standards of living or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant. Corruption is often cited by Egyptians as the main impediment to further economic growth. The government promised major reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, using money paid for the newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat in 2006. In the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013, Egypt was ranked 114 out of 177.

Question: Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate?
Answer: government
Tommy Gagliano
Thomas Gagliano (born Tommaso Gagliano; ] ; May 29, 1883 − February 16, 1951) was an Italian-American mobster and boss of what U.S. federal authorities would later designate as the Lucchese crime family, one of the "Five Families" of New York City. He served as a low-profile boss for over two decades. His successor was his longtime loyalist and underboss, Tommy Lucchese.
Tommy Gagliano
Gagliano was born on May 29, 1883 in Corleone, Sicily. In 1905 he immigrated to the United States, in New York City, and married Giuseppina "Josephine" Pomilla, who was also from Corleone. Gagliano and his brother-in-law Nunzio Pomilla were partners in lathing and hoisting companies in the Bronx. He served as underboss to Gaetano "Tom" Reina until he became the boss of the family in 1930. The Reina family controlled a monopoly on ice distribution in the Bronx. Gagliano along with Gaetano "Tommy" Lucchese and Stefano "Steve" Rondelli were viewed as the most powerful members of the Reina family.
Tommy Lucchese
Thomas Gaetano Lucchese (born Gaetano Lucchese; ] ; December 1, 1899 – July 13, 1967) was an Italian-American gangster and founding member of the Mafia in the United States, an offshoot of the "Cosa Nostra" in Sicily. From 1951 until 1967, he was the boss of the Lucchese crime family, one of the Five Families that dominates organized crime in New York City.

Question: Tommaso "Tommy" Gagliano was an American mobster and boss whose successor was a longtime loyalist, underboss and founding member of what in the United States?
Answer: the Mafia
Noël Coward
Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 189926 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what "Time" magazine called "a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise".
Firefly Estate
Firefly Estate, located 10 km east of Oracabessa, Jamaica, is the burial place of Sir Noël Coward and his former vacation home. It is now listed as a National Heritage Site by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust. Although the setting is Edenic, the house, built in 1956, is surprisingly spartan, considering that he often entertained jet-setters and royalty. The building has been transformed into a writer's house museum.

Question: How is Firefly Estate connected to Noel Coward?
Answer: the burial place
Solar energy
In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost US$286/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceeded 20%, and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics was in excess of 40%.

Question: In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?
Answer: 1954
Myanmar
Following Thein Sein's first ever visit to the UK and a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron, the Myanmar president declared that all of his nation's political prisoners will be released by the end of 2013, in addition to a statement of support for the well-being of the Rohingya Muslim community. In a speech at Chatham House, he revealed that "We [Myanmar government] are reviewing all cases. I guarantee to you that by the end of this year, there will be no prisoners of conscience in Myanmar.", in addition to expressing a desire to strengthen links between the UK and Myanmar's military forces.

Question: What official was the first to visit the grounds of Great Britain from Burma?
Answer: Thein Sein
Cyril Osborne
Sir Cyril Osborne (19 June 1898 – 31 August 1969) was a Justice of the Peace for Leicestershire, and a British Conservative politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Louth constituency in Lincolnshire from 1945 until his death.
Louth, Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Louth was a county constituency in Lincolnshire which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election.

Question: Sir Cyril Osborne served as Member of Parliament for a county constituency that was abolished in which year ?
Answer: 1983
Ferdinand Piëch
Ferdinand Karl Piëch (] ( ) ; 17 April 1937 – 25 August 2019) was an Austrian business magnate, engineer and executive who was the chairman of the executive board ("Vorstandsvorsitzender") of Volkswagen Group in 1993–2002 and the chairman of the supervisory board ("Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender") of Volkswagen Group in 2002–2015.
Hans Dieter Pötsch
Hans Dieter Pötsch (born 28 March 1951) is an Austrian businessman, the chairman of the executive board of Porsche SE, and chairman of the supervisory board of Volkswagen since 2015, when he succeeded Ferdinand Piëch.

Question: In which year was this Austrian business magnate, engineer and executive whom Hans Dieter Pötsch succeeded as chairman of the supervisory board of Volkswagen born?
Answer: 1937
Hunting
Regulations distinguish lawful hunting from poaching, which involves the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds. Economists classify hunting as part of primary production - alongside forestry, agriculture and fishing.

Question: What is poaching?
Answer: illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species
Aer Lingus
Aer Lingus ( , an anglicisation of the Irish " " meaning "air fleet") is the flag carrier airline of Ireland. Founded by the Irish government, it was privatised between 2006 and 2015 and it is now a wholly owned subsidiary of International Airlines Group (IAG). The airline's head office is on the grounds of Dublin Airport in Cloghran, County Dublin.
Dermot Mannion
Dermot Mannion is the former Deputy Chairman of Royal Brunei Airlines and former Chief Executive Officer of Aer Lingus.

Question: Dermot Mannion was the former CEO of which flag carrier airline of Ireland?
Answer: Aer Lingus
Insect
Chemical defense is another important defense found among species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own toxins. Predators that eat poisonous butterflies and moths may become sick and vomit violently, learning not to eat those types of species; this is actually the basis of Müllerian mimicry. A predator who has previously eaten a poisonous lepidopteran may avoid other species with similar markings in the future, thus saving many other species as well. Some ground beetles of the family Carabidae can spray chemicals from their abdomen with great accuracy, to repel predators.

Question: Some beetles can spray what from their abdomen?
Answer: chemicals
Afghans in Pakistan
Afghans in Pakistan ( , "Afghan Muhajreen") primarily constitute refugees who have fled wars in Afghanistan, but there are small numbers of Afghan asylum seekers, migrant workers, merchants, businesspeople, exchange students and diplomats. Most were born and raised in Pakistan and are under age 30, but are still considered citizens of Afghanistan. They are under the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and have been given legal status in Pakistan until the end of 2017.
Afghans in Pakistan
The first wave of Afghan refugees to Pakistan began during the Soviet–Afghan War in the late 1970s. By the end of 2001, there were over four million. Most have returned to Afghanistan since 2002. The UNHCR reported in February 2017 that about 1.3 million registered Afghan citizens still remained in Pakistan, distributed as follows: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (62 percent); Balochistan (20 percent); Punjab (10 percent); Sindh (4 percent) and Islamabad (2 percent).
Demographics of Afghanistan
The population of Afghanistan is around 37,135,635 in 2019, which includes the roughly 3 million Afghan citizens living as refugees in both Pakistan and Iran. The nation is composed of a multi-ethnic and multilingual society, reflecting its location astride historic trade and invasion routes between Central Asia, Southern Asia, and Western Asia. Ethnic groups are Tajik, Pashtun, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch and a few others.
Demographics of Afghanistan
Approximately 46% of the population is under 15 years of age, and 74% of all Afghans live in rural areas. The average woman gives birth to five children during her entire life, the highest fertility rate outside of Africa. 6.8% of all babies die in child-birth or infancy. Life expectancy was reported in 2015 at 60.5 years and only 0.04% of the population has HIV.

Question: What is the urdu name of Afghan citizens living as refugee in a country other than Iran?
Answer: Afghan Muhajreen
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin's music is frequently played with "rubato", "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of "rubato" is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas ... It is probable that Chopin used the older form of rubato so important to Mozart ... [where] the melody note in the right hand is delayed until after the note in the bass ... An allied form of this rubato is the arpeggiation of the chords thereby delaying the melody note; according to Chopin's pupil Karol Mikuli, Chopin was firmly opposed to this practice."

Question: What does rubato mean?
Answer: the practice in performance of disregarding strict time
Roman Republic
The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and political rights was called "optimo jure." The optimo jure elected their assemblies, whereupon the assemblies elected magistrates, enacted legislation, presided over trials in capital cases, declared war and peace, and forged or dissolved treaties. There were two types of legislative assemblies. The first was the "comitia" ("committees"), which were assemblies of all optimo jure. The second was the "concilia" ("councils"), which were assemblies of specific groups of optimo jure.
Roman Republic
Citizens were organized on the basis of centuries and tribes, which would each gather into their own assemblies. The Comitia Centuriata ("Centuriate Assembly") was the assembly of the centuries (i.e., soldiers). The president of the Comitia Centuriata was usually a consul. The centuries would vote, one at a time, until a measure received support from a majority of the centuries. The Comitia Centuriata would elect magistrates who had the "imperium" powers (consuls and praetors). It also elected censors. Only the Comitia Centuriata could declare war, and ratify the results of a census. It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases.

Question: Which elected official had imperium powers?
Answer: magistrates
Buckingham Palace
After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. However, in 1826, while the work was in progress, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. The external façade was designed, keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as the architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. After the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament.

Question: What was George IV's original plan for the house? 
Answer: a small, comfortable home
The Blitz
The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War. The term was first used by the British press and is the German word for 'lightning'.
The Blitz
The Germans conducted mass air attacks against industrial targets, towns, and cities, beginning with raids on London towards the end of the Battle of Britain in 1940 (a battle for daylight air superiority between the "Luftwaffe" and the Royal Air Force over the United Kingdom). By September 1940, the "Luftwaffe" had lost the Battle of Britain and the German air fleets ("Luftflotten") were ordered to attack London, to draw RAF Fighter Command into a battle of annihilation. Adolf Hitler and "Reichsmarschall" Hermann Göring, commander-in-chief of the "Luftwaffe", ordered the new policy on 6 September 1940. From 7 September 1940, London was systematically bombed by the "Luftwaffe" for 56 of the following 57 days and nights. Most notable was a large daylight attack against London on 15 September.
Altab Ali Park
Altab Ali Park is a small park on Adler Street, White Church Lane and Whitechapel Road, London E1. Formerly known as St Mary's Park, it is the site of the old 14th-century white church, St Mary Matfelon, from which the area of Whitechapel gets its name. St Mary's was heavily bombed during The Blitz in 1940, all that remains of the old church is the floor plan and a few graves. Included among those buried on the site are Richard Parker, Richard Brandon, Sir John Cass, and "Sir" Jeffrey Dunstan, "Mayor of Garratt".

Question: During what war was the German bombing of St Mary's Park in London?
Answer: Second World War
Avicenna
Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.

Question: Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to?
Answer: al-Farabi
Jaipur
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made capital of the newly-formed state of Rajasthan.
Jaipur
Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra (240 km ). It also serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur (348 km ), Jaisalmer (571 km ), Udaipur (421 km ), Kota (252 km, 156 mi) 
Rangeya Raghav
Rangeya Raghava (रांगेय राघव) (17 January 1923 – 12 September 1962), birth name Tirumalai Nambakam Vir Raghava Acharya, was born in Agra, a city of Uttar Pradesh state, India. and lived in Weir village of Bharatpur A prominent Hindi writer of the 20th century, he completed his post-graduation studies from St. John's College, Agra, and later completed his Ph.D. on Guru Gorakhnath and his times. He started writing at the age of 13 years, and during his short life of 39 years, he was endowed with a number of prizes. His wife Sulochana Rangeya Raghava lives in Jaipur and has been an Associate Professor of Sociology in the University Of Rajasthan.

Question: What year saw the founding of the city where Rangeya Raghav's wife lives?
Answer: 1727
Cuba Gooding Jr.
Cuba Gooding Jr. (born January 2, 1968) is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. After his breakthrough role as Tre Styles in "Boyz n the Hood" (1991), he appeared in "A Few Good Men" (1992), "The Tuskegee Airmen" (1995), "Outbreak" (1995), and "Jerry Maguire" (1996), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and " What Dreams May Come" (1998). He gained later attention for his roles in "Men of Honor" (2000) as Carl Brashear, and in Michael Bay's World War II epic "Pearl Harbor" (2001) as Doris Miller. His other notable films include "As Good as It Gets" (1997), the ensemble farce "Rat Race" (2001), "Radio " (2003), "American Gangster" (2007), "Lee Daniels' The Butler" (2013), and "Selma" (2014), playing civil rights attorney Fred Gray. In 2016, he portrayed O.J. Simpson in the FX drama series "", and co-starred in the sixth season of the FX anthology series "American Horror Story", subtitled "". He also provided the voice of Buck in the animated feature film "Home on the Range" (2004).
Carl Brashear
Carl Maxie Brashear (January 19, 1931 – July 25, 2006) was a highly decorated United States Navy sailor. He was a U.S. Navy master diver, rising to the position in 1970, despite having his left leg amputated in 1966. The film "Men of Honor" was based on his life.

Question: What real-life Navy sailor with an amputated leg did Cuba Gooding Jr. star as?
Answer: Carl Brashear
Anti-aircraft warfare
The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for "Vergeltungswaffe", "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Anti-aircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then moved to Belgium to become part of the "Antwerp X" project coordinated from the in Keerbergen. With the liberation of Antwerp, the port city immediately became the highest priority target, and received the largest number of V-1 and V-2 missiles of any city. The smallest tactical unit of the operation was a gun battery consisting of four 90 mm guns firing shells equipped with a radio proximity fuse. Incoming targets were acquired and automatically tracked by SCR-584 radar, developed at the MIT Rad Lab. Output from the gun-laying radar was fed to the M-9 director, an electronic analogue computer developed at Bell Laboratories to calculate the lead and elevation corrections for the guns. With the help of these three technologies, close to 90% of the V-1 missiles, on track to the defence zone around the port, were destroyed.

Question: Where did the US Army 419th and 601st relocate to as part of the Antwerp X project?
Answer: Belgium
The Island (2005 film)
The Island is a 2005 American science fiction action thriller film directed and co-produced by Michael Bay. It stars Ewan McGregor, Scarlett Johansson, Djimon Hounsou, Sean Bean, Michael Clarke Duncan and Steve Buscemi. The film is about Lincoln Six Echo (McGregor), who struggles to fit into the highly structured world in which he lives, isolated in a compound, and the series of events that unfold when he questions how truthful that world is. After Lincoln learns the compound inhabitants are clones used for organ harvesting as well as surrogates for wealthy people in the outside world, he attempts to escape with Jordan Two Delta (Johansson) and expose the illegal cloning movement.
The Island (2005 film)
"The Island" cost $126 million to produce. The original score was composed by Steve Jablonsky, who would go on to score Bay's further works. It opened on July 22, 2005, to mixed reviews, earning $36 million at the United States box office and $127 million overseas for a $162 million worldwide total.
Cadillac Cien
The Cadillac Cien is a 2-door rear mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive high performance concept car created by Cadillac, designed by Simon Cox, and unveiled at the 2002 Detroit Auto Show to celebrate Cadillac's 100th anniversary ("cien" is Spanish for one hundred, which compares the Buick Centieme). It was featured in the 2005 film "The Island" and the 2014 film "". It was also a car in Midnight Club 3 (a 2005 game for Xbox and PS2), the Gran Turismo games 4 (a PS2 game released in 2004), PSP, 5, and 6 and .

Question: Which 2005 film directed by Michael Bay featured a concept car unveiled at the 2002 Detroit Auto Show?
Answer: The Island
Sarah Millican
Sarah Jane Millican (née King; born 1975/1976) is an English comedian. Millican won the comedy award for Best Newcomer at the 2008 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In February 2013 she was listed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Radio 4's "Woman's Hour", and in the same year married fellow comedian Gary Delaney. Her first book, "How to Be Champion", was released in 2017, and Millican has performed on various tours mainly throughout the United Kingdom over the years.
7 Day Sunday
7 Day Sunday (7 Day Saturday in 2013) is a British comedy radio talk show hosted by Al Murray on BBC Radio 5 Live. Broadcast weekly on Sunday mornings, the show takes an irreverent look at the topical news stories of the past seven days. Originally presented by Chris Addison: he was joined by regular guests Sarah Millican and Andy Zaltzman, and a fourth special guest each episode. It premièred in January 2010 to mixed reviews. It returned for a second series in September 2010. Al Murray served as host for the last five episodes of the second series, joined by regular guests Rebecca Front and Joe Wilkinson. The show returned for a third series in January 2012 with Murray hosting alongside Andy Zaltzman and Rebecca Front as the regular guests. A fourth series followed from September 2012.
7 Day Sunday
"7 Day Sunday" was announced as a new show on 11 December 2009, to be hosted by Addison and broadcast for an hour in the 11am to 12noon slot. The guests for the opening episode were to be Zaltzman, Millican, and a special guest. It was to replace another comedy show "The Christian O'Connell Solution", hosted by Christian O'Connell with Bob Mills. The new show was to begin on 10 January 2010, as part of the wider re-organisation of 5 Live's schedule which had already begun to be announced in October 2009, the largest since controller Adrian Van Klaveren joined the station in April 2008.

Question: 7 Day Sunday, is a British comedy radio talk show, who joined regular guest, Andy Zaltzman?
Answer: Sarah Millican
Robert Miles
Roberto Concina (3 November 1969 – 9 May 2017), known professionally as Robert Miles, was a Swiss-born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ. His 1995 composition "Children" sold more than 5 million copies and topped the charts in many countries.
Robert Miles
Miles became proficient at playing the piano during his youth in Friuli, Italy, in the small town of Fagagna, where his family moved when he was young, and had been in the music scene since 1984. He worked as a DJ in some Italian clubs and private radio networks and in 1990, he used his savings to establish his own recording studio and a pirate radio station. 
Frank Musker
Frank John Musker (born 1951) is a British songwriter and composer. Most prolific in the 1980s and 1990s, he worked with artists such as Sheena Easton, The Babys, Robert Miles, Jennifer Rush, Bucks Fizz, Air Supply, Lucio Battisti , Zucchero, Lisa Stansfield and Brian May (for the Queen song "Too Much Love Will Kill You"). His collaboration with May was awarded Best Song Musically and Lyrically at the 1997 Ivor Novello Awards.

Question: Name the Swiss born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ, best known for his compostion 'Children' and who has worked with Frank Musker, the British songwriter and composer for artists such as Sheena Easton, Bucks Fizz and Lisa Stansfield?
Answer: Robert Miles
Word and Object
Word and Object is a 1960 work by the philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine, in which the author expands upon the line of thought of his earlier writings in "From a Logical Point of View" (1953), and reformulates some of his earlier arguments, such as his attack in "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" on the analytic-synthetic distinction. The thought experiment of radical translation and the accompanying notion of indeterminacy of translation are original to "Word and Object", which is Quine's most famous book.
Radical translation
Radical translation is a thought experiment in "Word and Object", a major philosophical work from American philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine. It is used as an introduction to his theory of the indeterminacy of translation, and specifically to prove the point of inscrutability of reference. Using this concept of radical translation, Quine paints a setting where a linguist discovers a native linguistic community whose linguistic system is completely unrelated to any language familiar to the linguist. Quine then describes the steps taken by the linguist in his attempt to fully translate this unfamiliar language based on the only data he has; the events happening around him combined with the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of natives.

Question: Radical translation is a thought experiment in "Word and Object", a major philosophical work from American philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine, in which year was the work made, in which Quine expands upon the line of thought of his earlier writings in "From a Logical Point of View" (1953), and reformulates some of his earlier arguments, such as his attack in "Two Dogmas of Empiricism" on the analytic-synthetic distinction?
Answer: 1960
Buick Century
Buick Century is the model name that was used by Buick for a line of upscale full-size cars from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 to 1958, as well as from 1973 to 2005 for mid-size cars.
Scraper (car)
A scraper is an informal term to describe a modified American-made luxury/family car, usually a General Motors model from the 1980s to current vehicles, typically enhanced with after-market rims. Scrapers are popular in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California, usually associated with the hyphy music and lifestyle movement. An example of hyphy is shown in the E-40 lyrics "sittin' in my scraper watching Oakland gone wild". A scraper is a general description and can refer to a number of different model cars. Popular models include the Buick Regal and LeSabre, Pontiac Bonneville, Buick Century, Oldsmobile Delta 88, Buick Riviera, Buick Reatta, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, Pontiac Grand Prix, Lexus SC, Chevrolet Caprice Classic, and Chevrolet Impalas, as well as full size conversion vans such as the GMC Vandura. Supercharged automobiles are particularly sought after due to their high performance.

Question: What General Motors car model name used by Buick for a line of upscale performance cars from 1936 to 1942 and 1954 to 1958, and from 1973 to 2005 for a mid-size car, can be described as a scraper?
Answer: Buick Century
Mali
In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, in which Tuareg rebels took control of a territory in the north, and in April declared the secession of a new state, Azawad. The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March and later fighting between Tuareg and other rebel factions. In response to territorial gains, the French military launched Opération Serval in January 2013. A month later, Malian and French forces recaptured most of the north. Presidential elections were held on 28 July 2013, with a second-round run-off held on 11 August, and legislative elections were held on 24 November and 15 December 2013.

Question: What country sent military in response to terrorism in 2013?
Answer: French military
Translation
Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as "Malintzin", "Malinalli" and "Doña Marina", an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subsequently, given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés.

Question: What was La Malinche essential to?
Answer: Spanish conquest of Mexico
Wang Hui-ling
Wang Hui-ling () is a Taiwanese screenwriter. In 2001 she was nominated for Academy Award for Best Writing for the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. In 2013 she wrote the script for The Crossing directed by John Woo, scheduled to be released in 2014.
The Crossing (2014 film)
The Crossing () is a two-part 2014 Chinese-Hong Kong epic historical romance-war drama (part 1) and disaster film (part 2) directed by John Woo and written by Hui-Ling Wang. The film stars Zhang Ziyi, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Song Hye-kyo, Huang Xiaoming, Tong Dawei and Masami Nagasawa. The film is based on the sinking of the steamer "Taiping" in 1949. The incident led to the deaths of over 1,500 passengers and crew. The film's first part was released in China on December 2, 2014. Part two was released on July 30, 2015.

Question: what does Wang Hui-ling and The Crossing have in common?
Answer: directed