qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, and became a member of the United Nations on 17 September 1991. Since restoration of independence Estonia has pursued close relations with the Western countries, and has been member of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. In 2007, Estonia joined the Schengen Area, and in 2011 the Eurozone. The European Union Agency for large-scale IT systems is based in Tallinn, which started operations at the end of 2012. Estonia held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second half of 2017.

Question: What date did Estonia join NATO?
Answer: 29 March 2004
Fritz the Cat
Fritz the Cat is a comic strip created by Robert Crumb. Set in a "supercity" of anthropomorphic animals, the strip focused on Fritz, a feline con artist who frequently went on wild adventures that sometimes involved sexual escapades. Crumb began drawing this character in homemade comic books when he was a child. Fritz became one of his best known characters, thanks largely to the motion picture adaptation by Ralph Bakshi.
Ralph Bakshi
Ralph Bakshi (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action films. In the 1970s, he established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent and adult-oriented productions. Between 1972 and 2015, he directed ten theatrically released feature films, six of which he wrote. He has been involved in numerous television projects as director, writer, producer and animator.
Ralph Bakshi
Beginning his career at the Terrytoons television cartoon studio as a cel polisher, Bakshi was eventually promoted to animator, and then director. He moved to the animation division of Paramount Pictures in 1967 and started his own studio, Bakshi Productions, in 1968. Through producer Steve Krantz, Bakshi made his debut feature film, "Fritz the Cat", released in 1972. It was based on the comic strip by Robert Crumb and was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and is the most successful independent animated feature of all time.

Question: Fritz the Cat is a comic strip created by Robert Crumb, Fritz became one of his most famous characters, thanks largely to the motion picture adaptation by Ralph Bakshi, is an American director of animated and live-action films, born on which date?
Answer: October 29, 1938
Classical music
The prefix "neo-" is used to describe a 19th-, 20th-, or 21st-century composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's "Pulcinella", for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Baroque era.

Question: Who wrote Pulcinella?
Answer: Stravinsky's
Athanasius of Alexandria
Pope Julius died in April 352, and was succeeded by Liberius. For two years Liberius had been favourable to the cause of Athanasius; but driven at last into exile, he was induced to sign an ambiguous formula, from which the great Nicene text, the "homoousion", had been studiously omitted. In 355 a council was held at Milan, where in spite of the vigorous opposition of a handful of loyal prelates among the Western bishops, a fourth condemnation of Athanasius was announced to the world. With his friends scattered, Hosius in exile, and Pope Liberius denounced as acquiescing in Arian formularies, Athanasius could hardly hope to escape. On the night of 8 February 356, while engaged in services in the Church of St. Thomas, a band of armed men burst in to secure his arrest. It was the beginning of his third exile.

Question: Where the men armed who arrested him?
Answer: armed men
Imperial College London
Non-academic affiliations include: H. G. Wells, author; Nikolas Tombazis, chief car designer at McLaren and Ferrari; Ralph Robins, CEO of Rolls-Royce; Brian May, guitarist of rock band Queen; Chew Choon Seng, CEO of Singapore Airlines; Sir Julius Vogel, former Prime Minister of New Zealand; Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India; Teo Chee Hean, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore; Huw Thomas, Physician to the Queen; Sir Roger Bannister, ran the first four-minute mile; David Warren, inventor of the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder; Andreas Mogensen, first Danish astronaut; David Pearson, software engineer; Winston Wong, entrepreneur; Alan Howard, hedge fund manager and philanthropist; Cyrus Pallonji Mistry, former chairman of the Tata Group; Michael Birch, entrepreneur; Henry Charles Stephens, politician; Sir Michael Uren, businessman and philanthropist; Ian Read, CEO of Pfizer, Pallab Ghosh, BBC correspondent, Hannah Devlin, science journalist.

Question: Which airline's CEO can be called a non - academic alumni of Imperial?
Answer: Singapore Airlines
Australian Open
The Australian Open is a tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. The tournament is the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events held each year excepting 1986, preceding the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles; junior's championships; and wheelchair, legends, and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 it was played on grass courts, but since then three types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Melbourne Park – green coloured Rebound Ace up to 2007, blue Plexicushion from 2008 to 2019, and blue GreenSet since 2020.
Bernard Tomic career statistics
This is a list of the main career statistics of professional Australian tennis player, Bernard Tomic. All statistics are according to the ATP Tour. To date, Tomic has reached one Grand Slam quarterfinal at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships and won three ATP singles titles including two consecutive titles at the Claro Open Colombia from 2014–2015. He was also a quarterfinalist at the 2015 BNP Paribas Open, the 2015 Shanghai Rolex Masters, the 2016 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles and part of the team which reached the semifinals of the 2015 Davis Cup. He also reached the fourth round of the Australian Open in 2012, 2015 and 2016. Tomic achieved a career high singles ranking of world No. 17 on 11 January 2016.

Question: When is the tennis tournament held annually in which Bernard Tomic reached the fourth round in 2012, 2015 and 2016?
Answer: last fortnight of January
Political corruption
Instead, the donated money was expended through "counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees". Ultimately, there is a sufficient amount of money for health in developing countries, but local corruption denies the wider citizenry the resource they require.

Question: If local corruption did not exist, there would be enough what to help the people in these countries needing medical help?
Answer: money
Law of the United States
The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

Question: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?
Answer: Louisiana
Paul Valéry
Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (] ; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years.
Studs Terkel
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American author, historian, actor, and broadcaster. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1985 for "The Good War" and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans, and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago.

Question: Who has more scope of profession, Paul Valéry or Studs Terkel?
Answer: Louis "Studs" Terkel
Brain
The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain, and theorized in some depth about how it might work. Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain, nerves, and muscles, demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves. He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called "pneumata psychikon", usually translated as "animal spirits". Galen's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages, but not much further progress came until the Renaissance, when detailed anatomical study resumed, combined with the theoretical speculations of René Descartes and those who followed him. Descartes, like Galen, thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical "res cogitans", but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically.

Question: Penumata psychikon is usually translated as what?
Answer: animal spirits
Madrasa
Madaris were largely centred on the study of " " (Islamic jurisprudence). The "" ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the "" (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the " " to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the " " to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an " ", a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded "ijaza"s giving them the status of "" 'scholar of jurisprudence', "" 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and " " 'teacher'.

Question: How long did a student have to study law, in early Islamic law graduate schools, in order to graduate?
Answer: ten or more years
Jane Jacobs
Jane Jacobs {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ("née" Butzner; 4 May 1916 – 25 April 2006) was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. Her book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" (1961) argued that "urban renewal"/"slum clearance" did not respect the needs of city-dwellers.
Jane Jacobs
Jacobs organized grassroots efforts to protect neighborhoods from "urban renewal"/"slum clearance", in particular Robert Moses' plans to overhaul her own Greenwich Village neighborhood. She was instrumental in the eventual cancellation of the Lower Manhattan Expressway, which would have passed directly through SoHo, Manhattan and Little Italy, Manhattan. She was arrested in 1968 for inciting a crowd at a public hearing on that project. After moving to Toronto in 1968, she joined the opposition to the Spadina Expressway and the associated network of expressways in Toronto planned, and under construction.
Jane's Walk
Jane’s Walk is a series of neighbourhood walking tours. Named after urban activist and writer Jane Jacobs, Jane's Walks are held annually during the first weekend in May to coincide with her birthday.

Question: During what month does the author of "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" have her annual neighborhood walking tours? 
Answer: May
Two Door Cinema Club
Two Door Cinema Club is a band from Northern Ireland. The band formed in 2007 and is composed of three members: Alex Trimble (vocals, rhythm guitar, beats, synths), Sam Halliday (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Kevin Baird (bass, synths, backing vocals).
Hoobastank
Hoobastank (sometimes stylized as h∞bastank, and originally known as Hoobustank) is an American rock band formed in 1994 in Agoura Hills, California by lead vocalist Doug Robb, guitarist Dan Estrin, drummer Chris Hesse, and original bassist Markku Lappalainen. They were signed to Island Records from 2001 to 2012 and have released five albums and one extended play to date. Their sixth album, "Push Pull", was released on May 25, 2018. They have sold 10 million albums worldwide. The band is best known for their singles "Crawling in the Dark", "Running Away", and "The Reason".

Question: Which band was formed earlier, Two Door Cinema Club or Hoobastank?
Answer: Hoobastank
Stephen Gaghan
Stephen Gaghan ( ; born May 6, 1965) is an American screenwriter and director. He is noted for writing the screenplay for Steven Soderbergh's film "Traffic", based on a Channel 4 series, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as "Syriana" which he wrote and directed. He also wrote and directed the thriller "Abandon" and the family film "Dolittle", and directed the drama "Gold".
Abandon (film)
Abandon is a 2002 American psychological thriller drama film written and directed by Stephen Gaghan. It stars Katie Holmes as a college student whose boyfriend (Charlie Hunnam) disappeared two years previously. Despite being set at an American university, much of the movie was filmed in Canada at McGill University's McConnell Hall. It is based on the book "Adams Fall" by Sean Desmond. The book was re-titled "Abandon" for the movie tie-in paperback printing. The film co-stars Zooey Deschanel and Gabrielle Union, with Benjamin Bratt playing the detective investigating the boyfriend's disappearance. It received generally negative reviews.

Question: Which 2002 American psychological thriller drama film was written by the writer of the screenplay for the Steven Soderbergh's film "Traffic"?
Answer: Abandon
Literature
Definitions of literature have varied over time: it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the 18th century, literature denoted all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" writing. Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions; cultural studies, for instance, takes as its subject of analysis both popular and minority genres, in addition to canonical works.

Question: The changing nature of the meaning of the term "literature" can be described as what?
Answer: a "culturally relative definition"
The Scarecrow (2013 film)
The Scarecrow is a 2013 animated short film and advertisement by the American restaurant chain Chipotle Mexican Grill. The film features Fiona Apple singing a cover version of "Pure Imagination", originally performed by Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka in the 1971 film "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory".
Willy Wonka
Willard Wonka (nickname The Willy The Wonka), better known as Willy Wonka, is a fictional character who appears in Roald Dahl's 1964 children's novel "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" and its sequel "Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator". The eccentric owner of the Wonka Chocolate Factory, he has been portrayed by Gene Wilder and Johnny Depp in film.
Willy Wonka
In "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", Wonka has hidden five Golden Tickets inside his chocolate bars. The finders are rewarded with a tour of his factory, each accompanied by an adult of their choice, and a lifetime supply of chocolate. The children are unaware, though, that the tour is also a competition to test their moral character. As the tour proceeds, four of the children are eliminated, leaving Charlie Bucket the winner. At this point Wonka reveals that the real prize is the factory itself, as he needs someone to take it over and look after the Oompa-Loompas who work there once he retires. In 1971 the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory starring Gene Wilder as the title character, the Oompa Loompas were orange-skinned with green wigs and interestingly-styled hair. Their eyebrows were bushy and white, making for a stark contrast to their citrus-colored skin.

Question: The Scarecrow contained a cover of the song that was originally sung by the character created by whom?
Answer: Roald Dahl
Claudia Schiffer
Claudia Maria Schiffer (] ( ) ; born 25 August 1970) is a German model, actress, fashion designer, and executive producer, based in the United Kingdom. She rose to fame in the early 1990s as one of the world's most successful models, cementing her supermodel status. In her early career, she was compared to Brigitte Bardot.
A Head in the Polls
"A Head in the Polls" is the third episode in the second season of the American animated television series "Futurama". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 12, 1999. The episode was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Bret Haaland. Claudia Schiffer makes a guest appearance as herself. The title is a pun on the common phrase "Ahead in the polls".

Question: In the Futurama episode "A Head in the Polls", What is the middle name of the supermodel who makes a guest appearance as herself ?
Answer: Maria
Anthropology
Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, meeting for the first time in Paris in 1859. When he read Darwin, he became an immediate convert to "Transformisme", as the French called evolutionism. His definition now became "the study of the human group, considered as a whole, in its details, and in relation to the rest of nature".

Question: What did the French call evolutionism?
Answer: Transformisme
Ming–Tibet relations
Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa supports van Praag's position. However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies".

Question: Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?
Answer: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain
Ronald Firbank
Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank (17 January 1886 – 21 May 1926) was an innovative English novelist. His eight short novels, partly inspired by the London aesthetes of the 1890s, especially Oscar Wilde, consist largely of dialogue, with references to religion, social-climbing, and sexuality.
Kelly Cherry
Kelly Cherry (born December 21, 1940) is an award-winning novelist, poet, essayist, and a former Poet Laureate of Virginia (2010–2012). A resident of Halifax, Virginia, she was named the state's Poet Laureate by Governor Bob McDonnell in July 2010. She succeeded Claudia Emerson in this post (Poet Laureate of Virginia, 2008–2010).

Question: Which novelist is a resident of Halifax Virginia, Ronald Firbank or Kelly Cherry?
Answer: Kelly Cherry
Westminster Abbey
Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, Charles Darwin, buried on 26 April 1882, and Stephen Hawking, ashes interred on 15 June 2018. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.

Question: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?
Answer: William Pitt
John D. Rockefeller
John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history.
John D. Rockefeller
Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York that moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on oil refining. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897, and remained its largest shareholder.
Stephen V. Harkness
Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (November 18, 1818 – March 6, 1888) was an American businessman based in Cleveland, Ohio. He invested as a silent partner with John D. Rockefeller, Sr. in the founding of Standard Oil. He served as a director of Standard Oil until his death.

Question: Stephen V. Harkness was a businessman who was a silent partner in Standard Oil, helping which business magnate?
Answer: John Davison Rockefeller Sr.
Charles Varnum
Charles Albert Varnum (June 21, 1849 – February 26, 1936) was a career United States Army officer. He was most noted as the commander of the scouts for George Armstrong Custer in the Little Bighorn Campaign (of which he was the last of the surviving officers to die of natural causes) during the Great Sioux War, as well as receiving the Medal of Honor for his actions in a conflict at Drexel Mission following the Wounded Knee Massacre.
Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre (also called the Battle of Wounded Knee) was a violent confrontation with the United States Army while attempting to disarm a band of Lakota Indians, resulting in the killing and wounding of hundreds of Lakota, including many women and children. It occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: "Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála") on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

Question: Charles Albert Varnum received a Medal of Honor for his role in a conflict at Drexel Mission following a massacre that occured on what Indian reservation?
Answer: Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Onyx Path Publishing
Onyx Path Publishing (aka The Onyx Path) is a role-playing game company that produces licensed products as well as company-owned and creator-owned games.
Adventure!
Adventure! is a pulp action role-playing game originally printed by White Wolf Game Studio, the third and last book in the Trinity Universe line of games. The game, printed in black and white on pulp-like sepia paper to resemble a period piece, was conceived as a one-book game line, and was never supported by official supplements. Despite having a vocal fanbase, the Trinity Universe line was discontinued shortly after the game's publication; a d20 system version was released in 2004. In 2002, "Adventure!" won the Origins Award for "Best Role-Playing Game of 2001". Onyx Path Publishing has recently acquired the rights to the Trinity Universe and has announced its intention to release a new edition of "Adventure!"

Question: Adventure! has been recently acquired by the company that creates what type of games?
Answer: role-playing game
Stewart's Fountain Classics
Stewart's Fountain Classics is a brand of premium soft drinks made in the United States. Stewart's are nostalgic "old fashioned" fountain sodas, having originated at the Stewart's Restaurants, a chain of root beer stands started in 1924 by Frank Stewart in Mansfield, Ohio. In 1990, the bottling rights to Stewart's were acquired by the Cable Car Beverage Corporation. Cream Soda and Ginger Beer flavors were introduced in 1992. Other flavors have been added since then. In November 1997 Cable Car Beverage Corporation was purchased by Triarc. Cadbury Schweppes PLC acquired the Stewart's brands in 2000 along with Snapple and Mistic Brands for $1.45 billion.
Buffalo Rock
Buffalo Rock Company is an independent Pepsi bottler based in Birmingham, Alabama. It was founded in 1901. In addition to bottling Pepsi products, the company produced Grapico in 1981, a grape-flavored soft drink, and a ginger ale under its own brand name.

Question: Which soft drink company originated in Mansfield, Ohio, Stewart's Fountain Classics or Buffalo Rock Company?
Answer: Stewart's Fountain Classics
Race track
A race track (or "racetrack", "racing track" or "racing circuit") is a facility built for racing of vehicles, athletes, or animals (e.g. horse racing or greyhound racing). A race track also may feature grandstands or concourses. Race tracks are also used in the study of animal locomotion. Some motorsport tracks are called speedways.
Smolensk Ring
The Smolensk Ring is a circuit in western Russia near the town of Safonovo in the settlement of Verkhnedneprovsky. It is located 90 km east of its namesake city of Smolensk and about 250 km west of Moscow.

Question: A Smolensk Ring circuit track in western Russia could possibly feature grandstands, concourses, and speedways calling it whick kind of track?
Answer: race track
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ("née " Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, as United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and as First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president of the United States by a major political party when she won the Democratic Party nomination in 2016. She was the first woman to win the popular vote in an American presidential election, which she lost to Donald Trump.
Hervé Pierre
Hervé Pierre Braillard, known as Hervé Pierre, (born 1965), is a French-American fashion and costume designer. In 1987, he received the first Christian Dior award from the Comité Colbert. Pierre has designed fashions for four United States first ladies including Laura Bush, Hillary Clinton, Michelle Obama, and Melania Trump since the 1990s.

Question: Who was a United States Secretary of State who had a fashion designed by Hervé Pierre Braillard?
Answer: Hillary Clinton
Don Cherry (trumpeter)
Donald Eugene Cherry (November 18, 1936 – October 19, 1995) was an American jazz trumpeter. Cherry had a long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman, which began in the late 1950s. Cherry was also a pioneer in world fusion music in the 1960s and 1970s.
The Shape of Jazz to Come
The Shape of Jazz to Come is the third album by jazz musician Ornette Coleman. Although Coleman initially wished for the album to be titled "Focus on Sanity", after one of the songs on the album, it was ultimately titled "The Shape of Jazz to Come" at the urging of Atlantic producer Nesuhi Ertegun, who felt that the title would give consumers "an idea about the uniqueness of the LP." Released on Atlantic Records in 1959, it was his debut on the label and his first album featuring his working quartet including himself, trumpeter Don Cherry, bassist Charlie Haden, and drummer Billy Higgins. The recording session for the album took place on May 22, 1959, at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California. Two outtakes from the session, "Monk and the Nun" and "Just for You", would later be released respectively on the 1970s compilations "Twins" and "The Art of the Improvisers". In 2012, the Library of Congress added the album to the National Recording Registry.

Question: The Shape of Jazz to Come, the third album by jazz musician Ornette Coleman, was part of a quartet that included what trumpeter, who was a pioneer in world fusion music in the 1960s?
Answer: Don Cherry
Gene
Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication.

Question: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?
Answer: Rosalind Franklin
Chihuahua (state)
The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855. The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures. The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral. In August 1859, Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor, but had to flee to Durango two months later. In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni. Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in "La Batalla del Gallo". Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state, but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state. The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree. The state elected General Luis Terrazas, a liberal leader, as governor; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861.

Question: The conservative movement occurred during which year?
Answer: 1858
Presbyterianism
In 1977, two-thirds of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, along with most of the Congregational Union of Australia and all the Methodist Church of Australasia, combined to form the Uniting Church in Australia. The third who did not unite had various reasons for so acting, often cultural attachment but often conservative theological or social views. The permission for the ordination of women given in 1974 was rescinded in 1991 without affecting the two or three existing woman ministers . The approval of women elders given in the 1960s has been rescinded in all states except New South Wales, which has the largest membership . The theology of the church is now generally conservative and Reformed . A number of small Presbyterian denominations have arisen since the 1950s through migration or schism.

Question: The approval of women elders which was given in 1960 has been rescinded in all of the Australian states except one, which state did not?
Answer: New South Wales
Paris
Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 5th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Paris–Orly and Beauvais–Tillé Airport. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.

Question: What is the oldest air port in Paris?
Answer: Paris-Le Bourget
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
The headquarters of the MOD are in Whitehall and is known as MOD Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. A major refurbishment of the building was completed under a Private Finance Initiative contract by Skanska in 2004. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues, "Earth" and "Water", by Charles Wheeler. Opposite stands the Gurkha Monument, sculpted by Philip Jackson and unveiled in 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Within it is the Victoria Cross and George Cross Memorial, and nearby are memorials to the Fleet Air Arm and RAF (to its east, facing the riverside).

Question: Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters?
Answer: Charles Wheeler
Dryopteris
Dryopteris , commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to "Dryopteris filix-mas"), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). There are about 300-400 species in the genus. The species are distributed in Asia, the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific islands, with the highest diversity in eastern Asia. It is placed in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Many of the species have stout, slowly creeping rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like ring of fronds. The sori are round, with a peltate indusium. The stipes have prominent scales.
Calpurnia (plant)
Calpurnia is a genus of flowering plants within the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises shrubs or small trees in or along the margin of forests in the eastern parts of South Africa. They shed leaves in winter unless in moist areas, where they are evergreen. They make good garden plants because they are easily raised from seed, flower at two years and withstand frost.

Question: Which plant has a larger area of distribution, Dryopteris or Calpurnia?
Answer: Dryopteris
Biodiversity
Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs.

Question: What happened in the Carboniferous?
Answer: rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.
University of Notre Dame
"The Review of Politics", modeled after German Catholic journals, was founded in 1939 by Waldemar Gurian. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the "Review" was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Maritain, O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.

Question: Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame?
Answer: 44
Samuel Bowers
Samuel Holloway Bowers (August 25, 1924 – November 5, 2006) was a convicted murderer and leading white supremacist in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement. In response to this movement and perceived threats to national security from Judaism and Communism, he co-founded the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and became its Imperial Wizard. Bowers was best known for committing two murders of civil rights activists in southern Mississippi. He was responsible for the 1964 murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner near Philadelphia, for which he served six years in federal prison; and the 1966 murder of Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, for which he was sentenced to life in prison 32 years after the crime. He also was accused of bombings of Jewish targets in the cities of Jackson and Meridian in 1967 and 1968 (according to the man who was convicted of some of the bombings, Thomas A. Tarrants III). He died in prison at the age of 82.
Vernon Dahmer
Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer, Sr. (March 10, 1908 – January 10, 1966) was a leader with the Civil Rights Movement and president of the Forrest County chapter of the NAACP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. He was murdered by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan for his work on recruiting African Americans to vote.

Question: Samuel Holloway Bowers, is a former Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard, was a convicted murderer and leading white supremacist activist in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement, he committed two notorious murders of civil rights activists, including who, which was a leader with the Civil Rights Movement and president of the Forrest County chapter of the NAACP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi?
Answer: Vernon Dahmer
Mexico City
The boroughs are composed of hundreds of "colonias", or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center, in the borough of Cuauhtémoc, is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class folklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.

Question: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture? 
Answer: Condesa
Bern
In 2000 , there were 94,367 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16,424 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 5.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 50.6% used public transport to get to work, and 20.6% used a private car.

Question: How much of the working population uses public transportation?
Answer: 50.6%
David Ogden Stiers
David Allen Ogden Stiers ( ; October 31, 1942 – March 3, 2018) was an American actor, voice actor, and conductor. Born and raised in Illinois, Stiers attended the University of Oregon before enrolling at the Juilliard School in New York City, from where he graduated in 1972. He went on to appear in numerous productions on Broadway, and originated the role of Feldman in "The Magic Show", in which he appeared for four years between 1974 and 1978.
David Ogden Stiers
In 1977, he was cast as Major Charles Emerson Winchester, III, M.D., on the television series "M*A*S*H", a role he would portray until the series' conclusion in 1983 and which earned him two Emmy Award nominations. He appeared prominently in the 1980s in the role of District Attorney Michael Reston in several "Perry Mason" television films, and voiced a number of Disney characters during the 1990s and 2000s, most notably Cogsworth in 1991's "Beauty and the Beast", Governor Ratcliffe and Wiggins in 1995's "Pocahontas", Kamaji in 2001's "Spirited Away" and Dr. Jumba Jookiba in 2002's "Lilo & Stitch", its sequel films, and "". He appeared in television again on the supernatural drama series "The Dead Zone" as Reverend Gene Purdy, a role he portrayed from 2002 to 2007.
Audrey Marie Hilley
Audrey Marie Hilley (June 4, 1933 – February 26, 1987) was an American murderer. Her life and killing spree are the subjects of the 1991 telefilm "Wife, Mother, Murderer".
Audrey Marie Hilley
Audrey Marie Frazier was born on June 4, 1933 in the Blue Mountain area of Anniston, Alabama to Lucille (née Meads) and Huey Frazier. She married Frank Hilley on May 8, 1951, which produced two children, Mike and Carol. Despite Frank’s well-paying job and Marie’s secretarial employment, the couple had little money set aside in savings due to Audrey's excessive spending habits, leading to friction in the marriage. Unbeknownst to Frank, his wife was spending more than they earned combined and frequently engaged in sex with her bosses in exchange for money. Frank began suffering from a mysterious illness, as did his son Mike, although Mike's symptoms which his doctors attributed to stomach flu abruptly stopped when he moved away to attend seminary.

Question: Who is the American Actor who starred in Wife, Mother, Murderer?
Answer: David Ogden Stiers
Biodiversity
Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, "Prunus spinosa" from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the "Thecla betulae" butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.

Question: Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner?
Answer: In Belgium
Adolescence
The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm. (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, fairness, and honesty.

Question: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence?
Answer: cognitive
Kickers Offenbach
Offenbacher Kickers, also known as Kickers Offenbach, is a German association football club in Offenbach am Main, Hesse. The club was founded on 27 May 1901 in the Rheinischer Hof restaurant by footballers who had left established local clubs including "Melitia", "Teutonia", "Viktoria", "Germania" and "Neptun". From 1921 to 1925 they were united with "VfB 1900 Offenbach" as "VfR Kickers Offenbach" until resuming their status as a separate side, "Offenbacher FC Kickers". Since 2012, Kickers Offenbach's stadium has been the Sparda Bank Hessen Stadium.
Bieberer Berg
The Bieberer Berg is a hill in Offenbach in the German state of Hesse. The hill is well known in Germany because the local stadium is the home ground of Kickers Offenbach. The hill area also contains a water tower and 22-hectare park with a ropes course.

Question: The Sparda Bank Hessen Stadium is located in what German state?
Answer: Hesse
2010 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season
The 2010 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season was the franchise's 35th season in the National Football League and the second under head coach Raheem Morris. The Buccaneers entered the season attempting to improve on their 3–13 record and last place finish in the NFC South in 2009, a feat they accomplished after only six games. The Buccaneers achieved the best turnaround in franchise history and became the first team since the NFL merger in 1970 to start 10 rookies and achieve a winning season. Raheem Morris spent his second season as head coach. The Buccaneers had the third overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft, with which they selected Gerald McCoy.
Gerald McCoy
Gerald Keith McCoy Jr. (born February 25, 1988) is an American football defensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma, where he earned consensus All-American honors, and was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers third overall in the 2010 NFL Draft. McCoy has been selected to the Pro Bowl six times, and is also a three time First-Team All-Pro.

Question: The 2010 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season was the club's 35th season as a franchise in the NFL, in the 2010 NFL Draft, the Buccaneers had the third overall pick in which they selected Gerald Keith McCoy Jr. (born February 25, 1988) is an American football defensive tackle for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of which organization?
Answer: National Football League (NFL)
Jay Thomas
Jay Thomas (born Jon Thomas Terrell; July 12, 1948 – August 24, 2017) was an American actor, comedian, and radio personality. He was heard in New York from 1976–1979 on Top 40 station 99X, and later on Rhythmic CHR station WKTU, and in Los Angeles beginning in 1986 on KPWR "Power 106", where he hosted the station's top-rated morning show until 1993. His notable television work included his co-starring role as Remo DaVinci on "Mork & Mindy" (1979–1981), the recurring role of Eddie LeBec, a Boston Bruins goalie on the downside of his career, on "Cheers" (1987–1989), the lead character of newspaper columnist Jack Stein on "Love & War" (1992–1995), and a repeat guest role as Jerry Gold, a talk show host who becomes both an antagonist and love interest of the title character on "Murphy Brown". He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 1990 and 1991 for portraying Gold.
Mr. Holland's Opus
Mr. Holland's Opus is a 1995 American drama film directed by Stephen Herek, produced by Ted Field, Robert W. Cort, and Michael Nolin, and written by Patrick Sheane Duncan. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss in the title role of Glenn Holland, a high-school music teacher who aspires to write his own composition while struggling with a lack of quality time with his wife and profoundly deaf son. The cast also includes Glenne Headly, Olympia Dukakis, William H. Macy, and Jay Thomas.

Question: Which star of "Mr. Holland's Opus" was also a radio personality for which station between 1976 to 1979?
Answer: Top 40 station 99X
FC Barcelona
FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. In 1908, Hans Gamper – now known as Joan Gamper – became club president in a desperate attempt to save Barcelona from extinction, finding the club struggling not just on the pitch, but also financially and socially, after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. He said in a meeting, "Barcelona cannot die and must not die. If there is nobody who is going to try, then I will assume the responsibility of running the club from now on." Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.

Question: How many times between 1908 and 1925 was Gamper president?
Answer: five
Heresy
Perhaps due to the many modern negative connotations associated with the term "heretic", such as the Spanish inquisition, the term is used less often today. The subject of Christian heresy opens up broader questions as to who has a monopoly on spiritual truth, as explored by Jorge Luis Borges in the short story "The Theologians" within the compilation "Labyrinths".

Question: What subject does the question of who has a monopoly on spiritual truth regard?
Answer: Christian heresy