qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Richard Ashcroft
Richard Paul Ashcroft (born 11 September 1971) is an English singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer and occasional rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band the Verve from their formation in 1990 until their original split in 1999. Songs he wrote for the band include "Bitter Sweet Symphony", "Lucky Man", and the UK number one "The Drugs Don't Work". He became a successful solo artist, releasing three UK top three solo albums. The Verve reformed in 2007 but again broke up by summer 2009. Ashcroft then founded a new band, RPA & The United Nations of Sound, and released a new album on 19 July 2010. On 22 February 2016, Ashcroft announced his fourth solo album, "These People", which was released on 20 May 2016. 
Richard Ashcroft
In May 2019, Ashcroft received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. Chris Martin of Coldplay has described Ashcroft as "the best singer in the world".
Why Not Nothing? / Sweet Brother Malcolm
"Why Not Nothing?" and "Sweet Brother Malcolm" are songs by English singer-songwriter Richard Ashcroft and are featured on his 2006 album, "Keys to the World". The two songs were released on 4 December 2006 as a limited edition double A-sided 7-inch single from that album (see 2006 in British music).

Question: "Sweet Brother Malcolm" is a song by an English singer and songwriter who Chris Martin described as what?
Answer: the best singer in the world
Beowulf
Beowulf ( ; Old English: ] ) is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The anonymous poet is referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" poet". 
Grendel's Den
Grendel's Den is a bar and restaurant in Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, located at 89 Winthrop Street. The establishment is frequented by both students and professors of Harvard University as well as many others from the Cambridge and Boston area. The name was a reference to Grendel, the antagonist in the Old English epic "Beowulf".

Question: How many alliteratve lines does the poem, that the bar Grendel's Den references in it's name, have?
Answer: 3,182
My Generation (2000 film)
My Generation is a 2000 film by documentary filmmaker Barbara Kopple that looks at the links between young people who attended the original 1969 Woodstock music festival and those who attended the 1994 and 1999 Woodstock festivities. Despite the wide generational and cultural gaps between the original attendees and the newer ones, the film finds that there are more commonalities than there are differences. The movie also captured both the notorious mud-slinging performance of the band Green Day at 1994's festival and the chaotic fires at 1999's concert. The film features performances by such acts as Joe Cocker, Blues Traveler, DMX, and Limp Bizkit. "My Generation" premiered as a work-in-progress at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival.
Blues Traveler
Blues Traveler is an American rock band that formed in Princeton, New Jersey in 1987. The band's music spans a variety of genres, including blues rock, psychedelic rock, folk rock, soul, and Southern rock. They are known for extensive use of segues in live performances, and were considered a key part of the re-emerging jam band scene of the 1990s, spearheading the H.O.R.D.E. touring music festival.

Question: My Generation is a 2000 film by documentary filmmaker Barbara Kopple that looks at the links between young people who attended the original 1969 Woodstock music festival and those who attended the 1994 and 1999 Woodstock festivities, the film features performances by such acts as Blues Traveler, an American rock band formed in Princeton, New Jersey, that began in which year?
Answer: 1987
Alfred North Whitehead
Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them." He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible.

Question: What was Whitehead's response to questions about why complex life evolved?
Answer: "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
Breaking Benjamin
Breaking Benjamin is an American rock band from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, formed in 1999 by lead singer and guitarist Benjamin Burnley and drummer Jeremy Hummel. The first lineup of the band also included guitarist Aaron Fink and bassist Mark Klepaski. This lineup released two albums, "Saturate" (2002) and "We Are Not Alone" (2004), before Hummel was replaced by Chad Szeliga in 2005. The band released two more studio albums, "Phobia" (2006) and "Dear Agony" (2009), before entering an extended hiatus in early 2010 due to Burnley's recurring illnesses.
Cibo Matto
Cibo Matto (] , Italian for "crazy food") was a band formed by Yuka Honda and Miho Hatori in New York City in 1994. Initially, the band's lyrics were primarily concerned with food, before expanding into broader subject matter following the addition of Sean Lennon, Timo Ellis, and Duma Love to the band for their second studio album.

Question: In between Breaking Benjamin and Cibo Matto which one was formed by two Japanese women?
Answer: Cibo Matto
Pete Best
Randolph Peter Best (né Scanland; 24 November 1941) is an English musician known as having been the Beatles' drummer prior to their achieving worldwide fame. After he was dismissed from the group in 1962, he started his own band, the Pete Best Four, and later joined many other bands over the years. He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.
Mona Best
Alice Mona Best (née Shaw; 3 January 1924 – 9 October 1988) was a British music club proprietor, best known as the owner of The Casbah Coffee Club, a club in Liverpool which served as a venue for rock and roll music during the late 1950s and 1960s. Among the bands to play at The Casbah was the Beatles, for whom her son Pete Best was a drummer at the time. Mona also had two other sons, Rory (b. 1945), and Vincent "Roag" Best (b. 1962). It was later confirmed that Roag's father was The Beatles' associate, the music executive Neil Aspinall, although he was not registered as the father on Roag's birth certificate.

Question: The mother of the first drummer for the Beatles owned what club?
Answer: The Casbah Coffee Club
M. Shadows
Matthew Charles Sanders (born July 31, 1981), known by his stage name M. Shadows, is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter, and a founding member of American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. In 2017, Shadows was voted third in the list of Top 25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by Ultimate Guitar. He once sang together with Rahimah Rahim on stage and was once a vocal coach for Malaysian singer, Aiman Tino. 
Justine Frischmann
Justine Elinor Frischmann (born 16 September 1969) is an English artist and musician. She was the lead singer of the Britpop band Elastica, before retiring from the music industry and pursuing a career as a painter.

Question: Which musician is older, M. Shadows or Justine Frischmann?
Answer: Justine Elinor Frischmann
Taylor Swift (album)
Taylor Swift is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records. Swift was 16 years old the year of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school. Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose. Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album. "Taylor Swift" is a country album, with some tracks having pop and pop rock sensibilities. Lyrically, the album speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing them before being in one. It also touches on Swift's friends and her personal struggles in high school.
Beautiful Eyes
Beautiful Eyes is the second extended play (EP) by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The EP was released on July 15, 2008 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States and online. The limited release EP has a primarily country pop sound and features alternate versions of tracks from her self-titled debut album (2006), and two original tracks, title track and "I Heart ?", which Swift had composed as early as 2003. "I Heart ?" was previously released for digital download with the purchase of the Best Buy exclusive version CD of Swift's self-titled debut album in 2006. A DVD, featuring music videos of singles from her self-titled debut album, is also included on the physical release of the EP.

Question: What extended play in the album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, was released on July 15, 2008 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Walmart stores in the United States and online?
Answer: Beautiful Eyes
Liev Schreiber
Isaac Liev Schreiber ( ; born October 4, 1967) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer. He became known during the late 1990s and early 2000s, having appeared in several independent films, and later mainstream Hollywood films, including the "Scream" trilogy of horror films, "Ransom" (1996), "Phantoms" (1998), "The Sum of All Fears" (2002), "The Omen" (2006), "" (2009), "Taking Woodstock" (2009), "Salt" (2010), "Goon" (2011), "Pawn Sacrifice" (2014), and "Spotlight" (2015). He later became known to a younger generation of audiences for his voice work in "" (2017), "Isle of Dogs" and "" (2018).
Spotlight (film)
Spotlight is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Josh Singer. The film follows "The Boston Globe"'s "Spotlight" team, the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative journalist unit in the United States, and its investigation into cases of widespread and systemic child sex abuse in the Boston area by numerous Roman Catholic priests. It is based on a series of stories by the "Spotlight" team that earned "The Globe" the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. The film features an ensemble cast including Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams, John Slattery, and Stanley Tucci, with Brian d'Arcy James, Liev Schreiber, and Billy Crudup in supporting roles.

Question: Who was the director of  2015 American biographical crime drama film in which Isaac Liev Schreiber appeared in?
Answer: Tom McCarthy
Mission to Mars (attraction)
Mission to Mars was an attraction located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland and at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom. The attraction was adapted by Disney into a feature film in 2000.
Alien Pizza Planet
Alien Pizza Planet is a restaurant located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim, California in the United States. The Atomic Age-style restaurant opened as Redd Rockett's Pizza Port on May 22, 1998, the same day as Astro Orbitor, Honey, I Shrunk the Audience, and Rocket Rods, replacing the Mission to Mars attraction. Redd Rockett's closed and re-opened as Alien Pizza Planet on April 13, 2018, during Pixar Fest. 
Alien Pizza Planet
It is known for its Chicken Fusilli. It is across from the Starcade, and directly underneath Space Mountain. During Pixar Fest, it was updated to be Alien's Pizza Planet. That version however is still there today.

Question: Redd Rockett's Pizza Port is a restaurant that is known for its Chicken Fusilli, and that replaced what attraction in Tomorrowland that was later adapted into a film in 2000?
Answer: Mission to Mars
Cardinal (Catholic Church)
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are the senior order of cardinals. Though in modern times the vast majority of cardinals are also bishops or archbishops, few are "cardinal bishops". For most of the second millennium there were six cardinal bishops, each presiding over one of the seven suburbicarian sees around Rome: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati, and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whichever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops. Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, each of which is governed by a separate ordinary.

Question: Who separated them?
Answer: Pope Pius X
Denny Laine
Denny Laine (born Brian Frederick Hines; 29 October 1944) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter, known as a founder of two major British rock bands: The Moody Blues, with whom he played from 1964-66, and Paul McCartney and Wings, with whom he played from 1971-81. Laine has worked with a variety of artists and groups over a six decade career, and continues to record and perform as a solo artist. In 2018, Laine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Moody Blues.
Denny Laine
Laine was born in Tyseley, Birmingham, where he attended Yardley Grammar School, and took up the guitar as a boy, inspired by gypsy jazz musician Django Reinhardt. He gave his first solo performance as a musician at the age of 12, and began his career as a professional musician, fronting Denny Laine and The Diplomats, which also included Bev Bevan, future drummer with Move and Electric Light Orchestra. Hines changed his name because he felt 'Brian Frederick Hines and the Diplomats...wouldn't work', instead taking the surname of his sister's idol, the singer Frankie Laine. The first name Denny came from the fact that at the time 'everyone had a backyard, and a den to hang out. I think I got that nickname there.'
Wings on My Feet
Wings On My Feet is the sixth solo album by Denny Laine.

Question: What is the sixth solo album by Denny Laine, an English musician and an original member of the Moody Blues band?
Answer: Wings On My Feet
Muammar Gaddafi
Nasser died unexpectedly in September 1970, with Gaddafi playing a prominent role at his funeral. Nasser was succeeded by Anwar Sadat, who suggested that rather than creating a unified state, the Arab states should create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria, and Sudan received large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented because relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken.

Question: What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?
Answer: unified state
Alaska
The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some villages rely on "Public Safety Officers" who have police training but do not carry firearms. In much of the state, the troopers serve as the only police force available. In addition to enforcing traffic and criminal law, wildlife Troopers enforce hunting and fishing regulations. Due to the varied terrain and wide scope of the Troopers' duties, they employ a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles.

Question: What type of vehicles do Troopers operate?
Answer: a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles
Andrew Lynch (singer-songwriter)
Andrew Lynch (born in Soldotna, Alaska) is a singer-songwriter, trumpeter, keyboard player, audio engineer, and music producer, who lives in Los Angeles, California. In 2004, he released his debut album "Samaritopia" with the help of Pat Boone and Bill Hudson. The album features Sebastian Steinberg and The Section Quartet, who he occasionally performs with at Largo. He is a former band member of Los Angeles indie rock band The Black Pine.
Bill Hudson (singer)
William Louis Hudson Jr. (born October 17, 1949) is an American musician and actor. He was vocalist in The Hudson Brothers, a band he formed in 1965 with his two younger brothers, Brett and Mark. He later had a brief acting career, appearing in supporting roles in "Zero to Sixty" (1978), "Hysterical" (1983), and "Big Shots" (1987). He also appeared in a recurring guest role on the series "Doogie Howser, M.D.".

Question: What album did Bill Hudson help Andrew Lynch with?
Answer: Samaritopia
2007 Florida Gators football team
The 2007 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gators competed in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and played their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. It was the third season for head coach Urban Meyer, who led the Gators to a Capital One Bowl berth and an overall win-loss record of 9–4 (.692).
Urban Meyer
Urban Frank Meyer III (born July 10, 1964) is a retired American college football player and coach. Meyer served as the head coach of the Bowling Green Falcons from 2001 to 2002, the Utah Utes from 2003 to 2004, the Florida Gators from 2005 to 2010, and the Ohio State Buckeyes from 2011 until his retirement after the 2019 Rose Bowl. As of 2020, he is still employed by Ohio State University, his job title being Assistant Athletics Director - Athletics Initiatives and Relations. Meyer is also currently an analyst for Fox Sports, appearing weekly on Fox's "Big Noon Kickoff" pre-game show.
Urban Meyer
Meyer was born in Toledo, Ohio, grew up in Ashtabula, Ohio, and attended the University of Cincinnati, where he played football as a defensive back. During his time at the University of Florida, he coached the Gators to two BCS National Championship Game victories, during the 2006 and 2008 seasons. Meyer's winning percentage through the conclusion of the 2009 season (.842) was the highest among all active coaches with a minimum of five full seasons at a Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) program. Following his temporary retirement in 2011, he worked as a college football analyst for the television sports network ESPN before succeeding Jim Tressel as Ohio State's 23rd head football coach. In 2014, he led the Buckeyes to their first Big Ten Conference title under his tenure as well as the program's eighth national championship. Meyer is one of three coaches (the others being Pop Warner and Nick Saban) to win a major college football national championship at two different universities.

Question: When was the American college football coach and former player born for whom 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the third season as head coach for 2007 Florida Gators football team?
Answer: July 10, 1964
Erich Hartmann
Erich Alfred Hartmann (19 April 1922 – 20 September 1993) was a German fighter pilot during World War II and the most successful fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare. He flew 1,404 combat missions and participated in aerial combat on 825 separate occasions. He was credited with shooting down 352 Allied aircraft—345 Soviet and seven American—while serving with the Luftwaffe. During the course of his career, Hartmann was forced to crash-land his fighter 16 times due to either damage received from parts of enemy aircraft he had just shot down or mechanical failure. 
Erich Hartmann
Hartmann, a pre-war glider pilot, joined the Luftwaffe in 1940 and completed his fighter pilot training in 1942. He was posted to the veteran Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) on the Eastern Front and was fortunate to be placed under the supervision of some of the Luftwaffe' s most experienced fighter pilots. Under their guidance, Hartmann steadily developed his tactics.
The Blond Knight of Germany
The Blond Knight of Germany is a book by the American authors Trevor J. Constable and Raymond F. Toliver dedicated to the life and career of the German fighter pilot of World War II, Erich Hartmann. Originally released in the United States in 1970, it was published in Germany the next year, as Holt Hartmann vom Himmel!.

Question: Which German fighter pilot was dubbed the most successful fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare and had the book The Blond Knight of Germany written about their life and career?
Answer: Erich Hartmann
Bird
Plumage is regularly moulted; the standard plumage of a bird that has moulted after breeding is known as the "non-breeding " plumage, or—in the Humphrey–Parkes terminology—"basic" plumage; breeding plumages or variations of the basic plumage are known under the Humphrey–Parkes system as "alternate " plumages. Moulting is annual in most species, although some may have two moults a year, and large birds of prey may moult only once every few years. Moulting patterns vary across species. In passerines, flight feathers are replaced one at a time with the innermostprimary being the first. When the fifth of sixth primary is replaced, the outermosttertiaries begin to drop. After the innermost tertiaries are moulted, thesecondaries starting from the innermost begin to drop and this proceeds to the outer feathers (centrifugal moult). The greater primarycoverts are moulted in synchrony with the primary that they overlap.

Question: What type of birds may moult only once every few years?
Answer: large birds of prey
Detroit
Detroit is cited as the birthplace of techno music in the early 1980s. The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, "Detroit techno". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline and its industrial past. Prominent Detroit techno artists include Juan Atkins, Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson, and Jeff Mills. The Detroit Electronic Music Festival, now known as "Movement", occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in Hart Plaza. In the early years (2000–2002), this was a landmark event, boasting over a million estimated attendees annually, coming from all over the world to celebrate Techno music in the city of its birth.

Question: When does "Movement" occur?
Answer: Memorial Day Weekend
Goo Goo Dolls
The Goo Goo Dolls are an American rock band formed in 1986 in Buffalo, New York, by guitarist/vocalist Johnny Rzeznik, bassist/vocalist Robby Takac, and drummer George Tutuska. Mike Malinin was the band's drummer from December 1994 until December 27, 2013. The band are renowned for their biggest hit single "Iris". Other notable singles include "Name" and "Naked" from 1995's "A Boy Named Goo"; "Slide", "Black Balloon", "Dizzy", and "Broadway" from 1998's "Dizzy Up the Girl"; "Here Is Gone" from 2002's "Gutterflower", "Better Days", "Give a Little Bit", and "Stay with You" from 2006's "Let Love In", and "Home" from 2010's "Something for the Rest of Us". The band has had 19 top ten singles on various charts, and have sold more than 12 million albums worldwide.
Army of Anyone
Army of Anyone was a rock supergroup formed by Filter frontman Richard Patrick with two members of rock band Stone Temple Pilots. In addition to Patrick on vocals, the band featured brothers Dean DeLeo and Robert DeLeo (on guitar and bass respectively), and Ray Luzier, formerly of David Lee Roth's band, on drums. The band released one self-titled album in November 2006, which was well-received, but sold well short of the members' multi-platinum selling releases of their other bands, even despite the success of their first single, "Goodbye", which peaked at number 3 on the US "Billboard" Mainstream Rock Songs chart. After releasing a second charting single, "Father Figure", and touring in support of the album, the band went into hiatus in mid-2007, with members returning to their respective bands, except Luzier, who joined Korn. Despite being relatively inactive since 2007, all members have stayed in contact, and have independently shown interest in working on a second album if the logistics and scheduling of their commitments to other bands ever aligned.

Question: Army of Anyone and the Goo Goo Dolls played what genre of Music?
Answer: rock
BBC Television
While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

Question: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?
Answer: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
Old English
Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic "lingua franca" of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.

Question: In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?
Answer: 1066
Bernard Cornwell
Bernard Cornwell, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 23 February 1944) is an English author of historical novels and a history of the Waterloo Campaign. He is best known for his novels about Napoleonic Wars rifleman Richard Sharpe. He has also written the Saxon / Last Kingdom stories about King Alfred and the making of England.
Bernard Cornwell
He has written historical novels primarily on English history in five series, and one series of contemporary thriller novels. A feature of his historical novels is an end note on how they match or differ from history, and what one might see at the modern sites of the battles described. He wrote a nonfiction book on the battle of Waterloo, in addition to the fictional story of the famous battle in the Sharpe series. Two of the historical novel series have been adapted for television: the Sharpe television series by ITV and "The Last Kingdom" by BBC. He lives in the US with his wife, alternating between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Charleston, South Carolina.
Anne Perry
Anne Perry (born Juliet Marion Hulme; 28 October 1938) is an English author of historical detective fiction, best known for her Thomas Pitt and William Monk series. In 1954, at the age of fifteen, she was convicted of participating in the murder of her friend's mother. She changed her name after serving her five-year sentence.

Question: What profession does Anne Perry and Bernard Cornwell have in common?
Answer: author
Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action". It includes surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence as counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.

Question: Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system?
Answer: passive measures
Boston
After the Great Boston fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present-day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present-day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present-day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals were unsuccessful for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea.

Question: What was the rubble from the Great Boston Fire used for?
Answer: as landfill along the downtown waterfront
Berea College
Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky. Founded in 1855, Berea College is distinctive among post-secondary institutions for providing free education to students and for having been the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. Berea College charges no tuition; every admitted student is provided the equivalent of a four-year scholarship.
Berea College
Berea offers bachelor's degrees in 32 majors. It has a full-participation work-study program in which students are required to work at least 10 hours per week in campus and service jobs in any of over 130 departments. Berea's primary service region is Southern Appalachia, but students come from 46 states in the United States and 58 other countries, with approximately one in three students an ethnic minority or from outside the U.S.
Charles Holston Williams
Charles Williams was born in Lexington, Kentucky, on January 25, 1886. In 1904 he attended high school at Berea College, but the following year Williams was forced to transfer to an all-black school, Hampton Institute, because the state general assembly had passed the Day Law, stating that blacks and whites could no longer attend the same schools. At Hampton Institute, Williams resumed his high school education and continued on to further his college education

Question: Charles Williams went to what school that was founded in 1855?
Answer: Berea College
Multiracial Americans
In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were included as "Free people of color" if they were not living on Indian reservations. Slaves were counted separately from free persons in all the censuses until the Civil War and end of slavery. In later censuses, people of African descent were classified by appearance as mulatto (which recognized visible European ancestry in addition to African) or black.

Question: What does mulatto mean?
Answer: visible European ancestry in addition to African
Home on the Range (2004 film)
Home on the Range is a 2004 American animated Western musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 45th Disney animated feature film, it was the last 2D animated Disney film released until "The Princess and the Frog" in 2009. Named after the popular country song of the same name, "Home on the Range" features the voices of Roseanne Barr, Judi Dench, Jennifer Tilly, Cuba Gooding Jr., Randy Quaid, and Steve Buscemi. The film is set in the Old West, and centers on a mismatched trio of dairy cows—brash, adventurous Maggie; prim, proper Mrs. Caloway; and ditzy, happy-go-lucky Grace. The three cows must capture an infamous cattle rustler named Alameda Slim for his bounty in order to save their idyllic farm from foreclosure. Aiding them in their quest is Lucky Jack, a feisty, peg-legged rabbit, and a selfish horse named Buck, eagerly working in the service of Rico, a famous bounty hunter, who seeks the glory for himself.
Herbie Rides Again
Herbie Rides Again is a 1974 American comedy film and the second installment of "The Love Bug" film series made by Walt Disney Productions starring an anthropomorphic (and quite autonomous) 1963 Volkswagen racing Beetle named Herbie. The movie was directed by Robert Stevenson, produced by Bill Walsh and starred Helen Hayes, Stefanie Powers, Ken Berry, and Keenan Wynn reprising his villainous role as Alonzo Hawk (originated in the films "The Absent-Minded Professor" and "Son of Flubber" starring Fred MacMurray as Professor Ned Brainard).

Question: Which movie came first Home on the Range or Herbie Rides Again?
Answer: Herbie Rides Again
Myanmar
The Bronze Age arrived  1500 BCE when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. Human remains and artefacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division. The Iron Age began around 500 BCE with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay. Evidence also shows the presence of rice-growing settlements of large villages and small towns that traded with their surroundings as far as China between 500 BCE and 200 CE. Iron Age Burmese cultures also had influences from outside sources such as India and Thailand, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. This indicates some form of communication between groups in Myanmar and other places, possibly through trade.

Question: When did the Age of Iron begin?
Answer: The Iron Age began around 500 BC
Film speed
Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of "Weston film speed ratings" was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617, one of the earliest photo-electric exposure meters, in August 1932. The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin, Jr., who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering.

Question: Who is credited with creating the film and meter system?
Answer: William Nelson Goodwin, Jr.
Ben Gibbard
Benjamin Gibbard (born August 11, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, with which he has recorded nine studio albums, and as one half of the electronica act the Postal Service. Gibbard released his debut solo album, "Former Lives", in 2012, and a collaborative studio album, "One Fast Move or I'm Gone" (2009), with Jay Farrar, known for his work with Son Volt and formerly Uncle Tupelo.
Ben Gibbard
Gibbard was born to Allen and Margaret (Flach) Gibbard in Bremerton, Washington. His father was in the Navy and his family moved around the country, including spending time in Northern Virginia before returning back to Washington. Gibbard spent his early life there during the grunge music explosion of the early 1990s. He graduated from Olympic High School in Bremerton in 1994, and studied environmental chemistry at Western Washington University. He was raised Roman Catholic and referred to himself as an "indoctrinated Catholic even though I haven't been to church of my own volition in 10 or 15 years now."
Tommy Karevik
Tommy Karevik (born November 1, 1981) is a Swedish metal vocalist, best known as the singer for metal bands Seventh Wonder and Kamelot.

Question: Are Tommy Karevik and Ben Gibbard both singers?
Answer: yes
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa ( , ; 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Two years later, the term " " ("holy") first appeared in a document in connection with his empire. He was later formally crowned King of Burgundy, at Arles on 30 June 1178. He was named " " by the northern Italian cities which he attempted to rule: Barbarossa means "red beard" in Italian; in German, he was known as " ", which has the same meaning. The fact of the Italian version of the nickname becoming prevalent, even in later German usage, reflects the centrality of the Italian campaigns to his career. 
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
Before his imperial election, Frederick was by inheritance Duke of Swabia (1147–1152, as Frederick III). He was the son of Duke Frederick II of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Judith, daughter of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, from the rival House of Welf. Frederick, therefore, descended from the two leading families in Germany, making him an acceptable choice for the Empire's prince-electors.
Barbarossa Chandelier
The Barbarossa Chandelier (German: "Barbarossaleuchter") was made on the order of Emperor Frederick I, nicknamed Barbarossa, and his wife Beatrice sometime between 1165 and 1170 and was installed under the cupola of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen Cathedral. The chandelier was a donation in honour of Mary, Mother of God, the patroness of Aachen Cathedral and simultaneously represented a tribute to the builder of the cathedral, Charlemagne.

Question: Where was Barbarossa Chandelier crowned Holy Roman Emperor?
Answer: Aachen
Videotelephony
The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources.

Question: Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?
Answer: the signaling plane
Bodø
Bodø (] ( ) ; , ) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø (which is also the capital of Nordland county). Some of the notable villages in Bodø include Misvær, Skjerstad, Saltstraumen, Løding, Løpsmarka, Kjerringøy, Sørvær, and Fenes.
Vatnvatnet
Vatnvatnet is a lake that lies in the municipality of Bodø in Nordland county, Norway. The 4.71 km2 lake lies about 2 km north of the village of Løding and just south of the Sjunkhatten National Park. The lake Heggmovatnet flows out into this lake.

Question: The municipality in which Vatnvatnet lies is part of what traditional region?
Answer: Salten
Idealism
Hegel certainly intends to preserve what he takes to be true of German idealism, in particular Kant's insistence that ethical reason can and does go beyond finite inclinations. For Hegel there must be some identity of thought and being for the "subject" (any human observer) to be able to know any observed "object" (any external entity, possibly even another human) at all. Under Hegel's concept of "subject-object identity," subject and object both have Spirit (Hegel's ersatz, redefined, nonsupernatural "God") as their "conceptual" (not metaphysical) inner reality—and in that sense are identical. But until Spirit's "self-realization" occurs and Spirit graduates from Spirit to "Absolute" Spirit status, subject (a human mind) mistakenly thinks every "object" it observes is something "alien," meaning something separate or apart from "subject." In Hegel's words, "The object is revealed to it [to "subject"] by [as] something alien, and it does not recognize itself." Self-realization occurs when Hegel (part of Spirit's nonsupernatural Mind, which is the collective mind of all humans) arrives on the scene and realizes that every "object" is "himself", because both subject and object are essentially Spirit. When self-realization occurs and Spirit becomes "Absolute" Spirit, the "finite" (man, human) becomes the "infinite" ("God," divine), replacing the imaginary or "picture-thinking" supernatural God of theism: man becomes God. Tucker puts it this way: "Hegelianism . . . is a religion of self-worship whose fundamental theme is given in Hegel's image of the man who aspires to be God himself, who demands 'something more, namely infinity.'" The picture Hegel presents is "a picture of a self-glorifying humanity striving compulsively, and at the end successfully, to rise to divinity."

Question: In Hegel's thought, what inner reality is possessed by both subject and object?
Answer: Spirit
Peter Bjorn and John
Peter Bjorn and John are a Swedish indie pop/rock band, formed in Stockholm in 1999 and named after the first names of the band's members: Peter Morén (vocals, guitar and harmonica), Björn Yttling (bass guitar, keyboards and vocals) and John Eriksson, known in his solo work as Hortlax Cobra (drums, percussion and vocals). Yttling also worked as producer for the band's first four albums.
Hot Snakes
Hot Snakes are an American post-hardcore band led by Rick Froberg and John Reis, formed in 1999 in San Diego, California. Reis and Froberg had previously performed together in Pitchfork and Drive Like Jehu, after which Reis had found international success with Rocket from the Crypt. Hot Snakes disbanded in 2005 but reunited in 2011.

Question: The indie pop/rock band Peter Bjorn and John and Hot Snakes both formed in what year?
Answer: 1999
Hugo Campagnaro
Hugo Armando Campagnaro (] ; born 27 June 1980) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a centre back for Italian club Pescara in Serie B.
2009 Coppa Italia Final
The 2009 Coppa Italia Final was the final match of the 2008–09 Coppa Italia, the 62nd season of the top cup competition in Italian football. The match was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 13 May 2009 between Lazio and Sampdoria; Lazio won 6–5 on penalties after the match ended 1–1 after extra time. Hugo Campagnaro missed his spot kick for Sampdoria and allowed Ousmane Dabo to slot home the winner for Lazio.

Question: What soccer player has played for both Sampdoria and Pescara?
Answer: Hugo Campagnaro
Nuphar
Nuphar is a genus of aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae, with a temperate to subarctic Northern Hemisphere distribution. Common names include water-lily (Eurasian species; shared with many other genera in the same family), pond-lily, alligator-bonnet or bonnet lily, and spatterdock (North American species).
Geum
Geum , commonly called avens, is a genus of about 50 species of rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plants in the rose family and its subfamily Rosoideae, widespread across Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa, and New Zealand. They are closely related to "Potentilla" and "Fragaria". From a basal rosette of leaves, they produce flowers on wiry stalks, in shades of white, red, yellow, and orange, in midsummer. "Geum" species are evergreen except where winter temperatures drop below 0 °F . The cultivars 'Lady Stratheden' (with yellow flowers), and 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' (with orange flowers) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Question: Are Nuphar and Geum both types of aquatic plants?
Answer: no
Tosca
Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. The work, based on Victorien Sardou's 1887 French-language dramatic play, "La Tosca", is a melodramatic piece set in Rome in June 1800, with the Kingdom of Naples's control of Rome threatened by Napoleon's invasion of Italy. It contains depictions of torture, murder and suicide, as well as some of Puccini's best-known lyrical arias.
The Queen of Spades (opera)
The Queen of Spades, Op. 68 ( , "Pikovaya dama", ) is an opera in three acts (seven scenes) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to a Russian libretto by the composer's brother Modest Tchaikovsky, based on the 1834 novella of the same name by Alexander Pushkin, but with a dramatically altered plot. The premiere took place in 1890 in St. Petersburg (at the Mariinsky Theatre), Russia.
The Queen of Spades (opera)
The Imperial Theatre offered Tchaikovsky a commission to write an opera based on the plot sketch by Ivan Vsevolozhsky in 1887/88. After first turning it down, Tchaikovsky accepted it in 1889. Toward the end of that year, he met with the theatre's managers to discuss the material and sketch out some of the scenes.

Question: Which opera premiered first, Tosca or The Queen of Spades?
Answer: The Queen of Spades
Buckingham Palace
On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German Dornier Do 17 bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out and the aircraft crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war and died at the age of 90 in 2005.

Question: After the war what did Holmes become?
Answer: King's Messenger
Beyoncé
Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 on "The Great Gatsby" soundtrack was released. Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, "Epic", released by 20th Century Fox on 24 May, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.

Question: When did the tour begin?
Answer: April 15
Alexander Woollcott
Alexander Humphreys Woollcott (January 19, 1887 – January 23, 1943) was an American critic and commentator for "The New Yorker" magazine, a member of the Algonquin Round Table, an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.
Gregory Corso
Gregory Nunzio Corso (March 26, 1930 – January 17, 2001) was an American poet, youngest of the inner circle of Beat Generation writers (with Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs).

Question: Who was a poet, Gregory Corso or Alexander Woollcott?
Answer: Gregory Nunzio Corso