qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Tennessee
Large corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga.

Question: Where in Tennessee is the headquarters of International Paper?
Answer: Memphis
Escape (The Piña Colada Song)
"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" is a song written and recorded by British-born American singer Rupert Holmes for his album "Partners in Crime". As the lead single for the album, the pop song was recommended by "Billboard" for radio broadcasters on September 29, 1979, then added to prominent US radio playlists in October–November. Rising in popularity, the song peaked at the end of December to become the final US number one song of the 1970s.
You Got It All (The Jets song)
"You Got It All" is a song recorded by American band the Jets. It was released in 1986 as the fourth single from their debut studio album "The Jets" (1985). It was written by Rupert Holmes, most famous for the 1979 hit "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)", and produced by Don Powell (not to be confused with Slade's drummer) and David Rivkin. Holmes wrote it for his 10-year-old daughter Wendy but she never got to hear it become a hit, as prior to its release she died suddenly of an undiagnosed brain tumour. The song features the second youngest member of the group, then-13-year-old Elizabeth Wolfgramm, on lead vocals.

Question: You Got It All was written by the artist who was more famous for a song that was penned for what album?
Answer: Partners in Crime
Pain
The presence of pain in an animal cannot be known for certain, but it can be inferred through physical and behavioral reactions. Specialists currently believe that all vertebrates can feel pain, and that certain invertebrates, like the octopus, may also. As for other animals, plants, or other entities, their ability to feel physical pain is at present a question beyond scientific reach, since no mechanism is known by which they could have such a feeling. In particular, there are no known nociceptors in groups such as plants, fungi, and most insects, except for instance in fruit flies.

Question: Who do specialists believe can feel pain?
Answer: vertebrates
MP3
The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there by 2012 at the latest. In the United States, the technology became substantially patent-free on 16 April 2017 (see below). MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2017. In the past, many organizations have claimed ownership of patents related to MP3 decoding or encoding. These claims led to a number of legal threats and actions from a variety of sources. As a result, uncertainty about which patents must have been licensed in order to create MP3 products without committing patent infringement in countries that allow software patents was a common feature of the early stages of adoption of the technology.

Question: What has many organizations claiming ownership of patents related to aspects of MP3 led to?
Answer: legal threats
Vincente Minnelli
Vincente Minnelli (born Lester Anthony Minnelli; February 28, 1903 – July 25, 1986) was an American stage director and film director. He directed the classic movie musicals "Meet Me in St. Louis" (1944), "An American in Paris" (1951), "The Band Wagon" (1953), and "Gigi" (1958). "An American in Paris" and "Gigi" both won the Academy Award for Best Picture, with Minnelli winning Best Director for "Gigi". In addition to having directed some of the best known musicals of his day, Minnelli made many comedies and melodramas. He was married to Judy Garland from 1945 until 1951; the couple were the parents of Liza Minnelli.
1952 Cannes Film Festival
The 5th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1952. As in the previous three festivals, the entire jury of this festival was made up of French persons, with Maurice Genevoix as the Jury President. The Grand Prix of the Festival went to the "Two Cents Worth of Hope" by Renato Castellani and "Othello" by Orson Welles. The festival opened with "An American in Paris" by Vincente Minnelli.

Question: What director had a film in the 1952 Cannes Film Festival and was married to Judy Garland for a short time?
Answer: Vincente Minnelli
Mosaic
Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt. Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine's Monastery is exceptional. On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background. In the apse we can see the Transfiguration of Jesus on a golden background. The apse is surrounded with bands containing medallions of apostles and prophets, and two contemporary figure, "Abbot Longinos" and "John the Deacon". The mosaic was probably created in 565/6.

Question: Why have wall mosaics generally not survived in the region?
Answer: the destruction of buildings
Hunting
On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.

Question: What is often related to hunting?
Answer: Taboos
Charles Bickford
Charles Ambrose Bickford (January 1, 1891 – November 9, 1967) was an American actor best known for his supporting roles. He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for "The Song of Bernadette" (1943), "The Farmer's Daughter" (1947), and "Johnny Belinda" (1948). Other notable roles include "Whirlpool" (1948), "A Star Is Born" (1954), and "The Big Country" (1958).
Rose of the Rancho (1936 film)
Rose of the Rancho is a 1936 American action film directed by Marion Gering and written by Frank Partos, Charles Brackett, Nat Perrin and Arthur Sheekman, adapted from the play of the same name by David Belasco and Richard Walton Tully. The film stars John Boles, Gladys Swarthout, Charles Bickford, Grace Bradley, Willie Howard and Herb Williams. It was released on January 10, 1936, by Paramount Pictures.

Question: Rose of the Rancho is a 1936 American action film, the film stars which American actor best known for his strong supporting roles, and was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor?
Answer: Charles Bickford
The Rippling Blossom
The Rippling Blossom is a 2011 Hong Kong romantic drama series produced by TVB and starring Julian Cheung, Michael Tse, Myolie Wu, Damian Lau and Tavia Yeung. The premiere episode aired on 7 February 2011 on TVB Jade. 
Myolie Wu
Myolie Wu Hang-yee (born 6 November 1979), is a Hong Kong actress and singer. Born in Hong Kong with Guangdong Taishan ancestry, she is signed under for the Hong Kong TVB television station and a singer under contracts with Neway Star. In 2011, she won "Best Actress" for her role in Curse of the Royal Harem, a TVB grand production, "Most Favourite TV Female Character" for her role in Ghetto Justice and also won "Extraordinary Elegant Actress" at the TVB Anniversary Awards 2011, making her the first ever Triple TV Queen of the year. By summer of 2015, Myolie left TVB to explore new avenues.

Question: Which actress stared in The Rippling Blossom and Curse of the Royal Harem?
Answer: Myolie Wu
The Painted Veil (soundtrack)
The Painted Veil is the original soundtrack, on the Deutsche Grammophon label, of the 2006 Golden Globe-winning film "The Painted Veil" starring Naomi Watts and Edward Norton. The original score and songs were composed by Alexandre Desplat.
The Painted Veil (2006 film)
The Painted Veil is a 2006 American drama film directed by John Curran. The screenplay by Ron Nyswaner is based on the 1925 novel of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham. Edward Norton, Naomi Watts, Toby Jones, Anthony Wong Chau Sang and Liev Schreiber appear in the leading roles.

Question: Who composed the sound track The Painted Veil from the 2006 movie "The Painted Veil"?
Answer: Alexandre Desplat
Bromelia
Bromelia is the type genus of the plant family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Bromelia species are widespread across much of Latin America and the West Indies, and are characterized by flowers with a deeply cleft calyx. The genus is named after the Swedish medical doctor and botanist Olof Bromelius (1639-1705).
Prunella (plant)
Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine.

Question: Which of the following is named after a Swedish medical doctor and botanist: Bromelia or Prunella?
Answer: Bromelia
2013–14 Toronto Raptors season
The 2013–14 Toronto Raptors season is the 19th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the offseason, they traded Andrea Bargnani away to the New York Knicks for Steve Novak, Quentin Richardson and Marcus Camby. The Raptors were not expected to make the 2014 playoffs however, with a weak Atlantic Division they found themselves as contenders for the Atlantic Division title despite an early losing record. On December 9, 2013 the Raptors traded Rudy Gay, Quincy Acy, and Aaron Gray to the Sacramento Kings for John Salmons, Greivis Vásquez, Patrick Patterson, and Chuck Hayes. The Rudy Gay trade was marked as a turning point for the Raptors as they went on a 10-2 run from a 6-12 record maintaining their division lead and finishing the season with a 48-34 record qualifying for the playoffs for the first time since 2008. Also clinched the Atlantic Division title for the first time since 2007. However, the Raptors were eliminated by the Brooklyn Nets led by Paul Pierce, Kevin Garnett, and Jason Terry in an intense seven game first round series.
Marcus Camby
Marcus Dion Camby (born March 22, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player who played 17 seasons in the National Basketball Association. He was named Defensive Player of the Year during the 2006–07 NBA season, leading the league in blocked shots per game. Camby is also a four-time member of the NBA All-Defensive Team and is 12th on the NBA's all-time career blocks list.

Question: What Defensive Player of the Year was traded into the Toronto Raptors?
Answer: Marcus Camby
Casablanca (film)
Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play "Everybody Comes to Rick's". The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Germans.
Hal B. Wallis
Harold Brent Wallis (born Aaron Blum Wolowicz; October 19, 1898 – October 5, 1986) was an American film producer. He is best remembered for producing "Casablanca" (1942), "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938), and "True Grit" (1969), along with many other major films for Warner Bros. featuring such film stars as Humphrey Bogart, John Wayne, Bette Davis, and Errol Flynn.

Question: Who directed the 1942 film that Hal B. Wallis produced?
Answer: Michael Curtiz
Hindu philosophy
The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school. It is a form of atomism in natural philosophy. It postulates that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to "paramāṇu" (atoms), and that one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements), quality, activity, commonness, particularity and inherence. Knowledge and liberation are achievable by complete understanding of the world of experience, according to Vaiśeṣika school. The Vaiśeṣika darśana is credited to Kaṇāda Kaśyapa from the second half of the first millennium BCE. The foundational text, the "Vaiśeṣika Sūtra", opens as follows:Dharma is that from which results the accomplishment of Exaltation and of the Supreme Good. The authoritativeness of the Veda arises from its being an exposition of "dharma". The Supreme Good results from knowledge, produced from a particular "dharma", of the essence of the Predicables, Substance, Attribute, Action, Genus, Species and Combination, by means of their resemblances and differences.

Question: When was the Vaisesika darsana  produced?
Answer: first millennium BCE
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Eisenhower returned to the United States in December 1939 and was assigned as commanding officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment at Fort Lewis, Washington, later becoming the regimental executive officer. In March 1941 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated IX Corps under Major General Kenyon Joyce. In June 1941, he was appointed chief of staff to General Walter Krueger, Commander of the Third Army, at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. After successfully participating in the Louisiana Maneuvers, he was promoted to brigadier general on October 3, 1941. Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the American entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.

Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with upon his return to the United States?
Answer: 15th Infantry
Neoclassical architecture
The Baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: "Vitruvius Britannicus" by Colen Campbell (1715), Palladio's "I quattro libri dell'architettura" ("The Four Books of Architecture", 1715), "De re aedificatoria" by Leon Battista Alberti (1726) and "The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs" (1727). The most popular was the four-volume "Vitruvius Britannicus" by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

Question: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?
Answer: 1727
Shaun Bartlett (singer)
Shaun Bartlett (born 18 December 1976) is a British-Norwegian singer, lyricist and composer. He lives in Norway where he was the lead singer for several bands before his solo debut in 2006. He is mostly known in Norway for his performances on "Gullruten" (2015) and "The Voice" (2012) where he worked closely with Magne Furuholmen from a-ha. He also co-wrote the theme song "Saviour Unknown" for Scandinavian noir series "Øyevitne/Eyewitness" (2014), and other soundtracks for series and films such as "The Orange Girl" (2009).
Magne Furuholmen
Magne Furuholmen (born 1 November 1962) is a Norwegian musician and visual artist. He was named Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success. Furuholmen, better known to music fans by his stage name Mags, is the keyboardist of the synthpop/rock band A-ha, and co-wrote hits such as "Take On Me", "Stay on These Roads", "Manhattan Skyline", "Cry Wolf", "Forever Not Yours", "Analogue (All I Want)", "Minor Earth Major Sky", "Touchy!", "You Are the One", "Move To Memphis" and "Foot of the Mountain". The band A-ha has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide.

Question: Both Shaun Bartlett and Magne Furuholmen are which nationality?
Answer: Norwegian
2004–05 Regional One-Day Competition
The 2004–05 Regional One-Day Competition was the 31st edition of the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The naming rights sponsor for the previous seven seasons, Red Stripe, did not renew their contract, and, in lieu of a replacement, the competition was unbranded for the first time in its history.
2004–05 Regional One-Day Competition
For the first time since the 1995–96 season, the competition did not feature any invitational teams, with only the six regular teams of West Indian cricket competing (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands). The round-robin stage was played in Guyana, with the semi-finals and final all played in Barbados. The round-robin was marked by its evenness, with the top four teams all finishing with three wins and two losses. Trinidad and Tobago eventually defeated Guyana in the final to win their seventh domestic one-day title. Leeward Islands batsman Runako Morton led the tournament in runs, while Trinidad and Tobago's Imran Jan took the most wickets.
Red Stripe
Red Stripe is a 4.7% ABV pale lager brewed by Desnoes & Geddes in Jamaica. It was first introduced in 1928 from a recipe developed by Paul H. Geddes, and Bill Martindale. It is brewed under license in the UK. In 1993, Guinness Brewing Worldwide, now Diageo, acquired a controlling interest in Desnoes & Geddes, and took over international distribution in many markets. In 2015, Heineken acquired Diageo's stake and stated it would launch an offer for the shares it did not own.

Question: Who replaced the Jamaican lager brewing company, Red Stripe, as the naming rights sponsor for the 31st edition of the Regional Super50?
Answer: the competition was unbranded for the first time in its history.
Tennessee
The earliest variant of the name that became "Tennessee" was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River), and appears on maps as early as 1725. It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo, although recent research suggests that Pardo's "Tanasqui" was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport.

Question: Which Native Americans had a town called Tanasi in present day Monroe County, Tennessee?
Answer: Cherokee
Ayn Rand
Ayn Rand ( ; born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; February 2, [O.S. January 20] 1905 March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American writer and philosopher. She is known for her two best-selling novels, "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged", and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism. Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935 and 1936. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, "The Fountainhead". In 1957, Rand published her best-known work, the novel "Atlas Shrugged". Afterward, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own periodicals and releasing several collections of essays until her death in 1982.
Erika Holzer
Erika Holzer is an American novelist and essayist who was a close associate of Ayn Rand. Her novel "Eye for an Eye" was the basis for a major motion picture of the same name. She has also co-authored two nonfiction books with her husband, professor of law Henry Mark "Hank" Holzer.

Question: What author, who was educated in Russia before moving to the United States in 1926, included novelist Erika Holzer in her inner circle?
Answer: Ayn Rand
Print (magazine)
Print is an American design and culture website that began as "Print, A Quarterly Journal of the Graphic Arts", in 1940, and continued publishing a physical edition through the end of 2017 as "Print".
Print (magazine)
"Print"'s current stated mission: ""Print" is where creative people gather to inspire and build design dialogue. Perpetually curious about everything design, we report on, curate and celebrate visual culture, the makers of that culture and the expression of graphic design in all its forms and mediums."
GO (American magazine)
GO (previously GO NYC), is a "cultural roadmap for the city girl," and is the nation's most widely distributed, free, lesbian magazine. Based out of New York City, GO distributes 30,000 copies in 10 major cities, and receives 250,000 unique web hits monthly. The publication offers information on nightlife, arts & entertainment, news & current events, lifestyle, travel, advice, and celebrity Q&As.

Question: Do GO and Print cover the same topic areas?
Answer: no
Dog
A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.

Question: Children are often bit where by dogs?
Answer: the face or neck.
Wood
Age, diameter, height, radial (trunk) growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction.

Question: Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?
Answer: density
A. E. Housman
Alfred Edward Housman ( ; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems "A Shropshire Lad". Lyrical and almost epigrammatic in form, the poems wistfully evoke the dooms and disappointments of youth in the English countryside. Their beauty, simplicity and distinctive imagery appealed strongly to Edwardian taste, and to many early 20th-century English composers both before and after the First World War. Through their song-settings, the poems became closely associated with that era, and with Shropshire itself.
John Carter (author)
John Waynflete Carter (10 May 1905 – 18 March 1975) was an English author, diplomat, bibliographer, book-collector, antiquarian bookseller and Vice-President of the Bibliographical Society of London. He was the great-grandson of Canon T. T. Carter.
John Carter (author)
After attending Eton College, he studied classics at King's College, Cambridge, where he gained a double first. His 1934 exposé, "An Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets", co-written with Graham Pollard, exposed the forgeries of books and pamphlets by Harry Buxton Forman, a distinguished executive editor of Keats and Shelley, and Thomas J. Wise, one of the world's most prominent book collectors. Forman and Wise's crimes are generally regarded as one of the most notorious literary scandals of the twentieth century. Carter also wrote seminal books on aspects of book-collecting, and served on the board of directors of the influential journal The "Book Collector", published by Queen Anne Press, a company managed by James Bond creator Ian Fleming. Carter also edited the prose of the poet A. E. Housman. He was the husband of the writer and curator Ernestine Carter and the brother of the printer Will Carter (1912–2001) of the Rampant Lions Press, at which some of his smaller-scale works were published. He was also a humorist and writer of clerihews, some of which were printed by Will Carter in 1938.

Question: John Waynflete Carter edited the prose of which poet known for "A Shropshire Lad"?
Answer: Alfred Edward Housman
Baptists
Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, "There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."

Question: Clarke was what to Williams?
Answer: his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom
Solar energy
In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost US$286/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceeded 20%, and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics was in excess of 40%.

Question: What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years?
Answer: evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source
Textual criticism
When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called "variant readings", or simply "variants" or "readings". It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant may have entered the text, either by accident (duplication or omission) or intention (harmonization or censorship), as scribes or supervisors transmitted the original author's text by copying it. The textual critic's task, therefore, is to sort through the variants, eliminating those most likely to be "un"-original, hence establishing a "critical text", or critical edition, that is intended to best approximate the original. At the same time, the critical text should document variant readings, so the relation of extant witnesses to the reconstructed original is apparent to a reader of the critical edition. In establishing the critical text, the textual critic considers both "external" evidence (the age, provenance, and affiliation of each witness) and "internal" or "physical" considerations (what the author and scribes, or printers, were likely to have done).

Question: Different documents that represent the same original text are called what?
Answer: witnesses
Weeping Willows
Weeping Willows is a Swedish indie rock group that started in 1995.
We Are Scientists
We Are Scientists is a New York City-based rock band that formed in Berkeley, California, in 2000. It consists primarily of guitarist and vocalist Keith Murray and bass guitarist Chris Cain, with drummer Keith Carne joining the band in the studio and for live performances since 2013.

Question: Which of the following is a Swedish indie rock group: Weeping Willows or We Are Scientists?
Answer: Weeping Willows
Rendez-vous Houston
Rendez-vous Houston: A City in Concert was a live performance by musician Jean Michel Jarre amidst the skyscrapers of downtown Houston on the evening of April 5, 1986, coinciding with the release of the "Rendez-Vous" album. For a period of time, it held a place in the "Guinness Book of Records" as the largest outdoor "rock concert" in history, with figures varying from 1 to 1.5 million in attendance. "Rendez-vous Houston" is remembered for being the concert which celebrated the astronauts of the Space Shuttle "Challenger" disaster, which had happened only two and a half months earlier. One of Jarre's friends, astronaut Ron McNair, had been killed in the disaster. He was supposed to play the saxophone from space during the track "Last Rendez-Vous"; his substitute for the concert was Houston native Kirk Whalum.
Ronald McNair
Ronald Erwin McNair (October 21, 1950 – January 28, 1986) was an American NASA astronaut and physicist. He died during the launch of the Space Shuttle "Challenger" on mission STS-51-L, in which he was serving as one of three mission specialists in a crew of seven.
Ronald McNair
Prior to the "Challenger" disaster, he flew as a mission specialist on STS-41-B aboard "Challenger" from February 3 to February 11, 1984, becoming the second African American to fly in space.

Question: What is the name of the American physicist and NASA astronaut who died during the launch of the Space Shuttle 'Challenger', and for the victims of which was held the 'Rendez-vous Houston', the largest outdoor concert in history by musician Jean Michel Jarre?
Answer: Ronald Erwin McNair
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, George Marshall, and Bernard Montgomery during World War II. Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of the disagreements with MacArthur, and that a positive relationship endured. While in Manila, Mamie suffered a life-threatening stomach ailment but recovered fully. Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937, and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis. Also around this time, he was offered a post by the Philippine Commonwealth Government, namely by then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named Quezon City, but he declined the offer.

Question: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?
Answer: declined
Honda CD200 RoadMaster
Honda introduced several "200cc" motorcycles with similar engines but different body variations in the 1980s. The model introduced in South Africa and Pakistan was known as the CD200 RoadMaster. It had a twin cylinder 10-degree cylinder angle with a 360-degree crank shaft angle engine which meant the pistons moved together and reached top dead centre (TDC) and bottom dead centre (BDC) at the same time. It was a detuned version of the Honda CD185 twin. The engine had the same bore as the CD185 but low compression pistons (8.8:1) with a bore and stroke of 53.0 x , compared to 9.0:1 Compression and 53.0 x for the CD185. The result was less power, a higher fuel economy and a lower top speed. The alternator system was also different from the CD185. Apart from this the models were quite similar, using the same frames, suspension, wheels, tyres, and brakes. 
Alternator (automotive)
Alternators are used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running.

Question: Which part of the Honda CD200 RoadMaster is used to charge the battery while the engine is running?
Answer: Alternators
Empire Award for Best Supporting Actor
The Empire Award for Best Supporting Actor is an Empire Award presented annually by the British film magazine "Empire" to honor an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. The Empire Award for Best Supporting Actor is one of two ongoing awards which were first introduced at the 19th Empire Awards ceremony in 2014 (along with Best Supporting Actress) with Michael Fassbender receiving the award for his role in "12 Years a Slave". Winners are voted by the readers of "Empire" magazine.
12 Years a Slave (film)
12 Years a Slave is a 2013 biographical period-drama film and an adaptation of the 1853 slave memoir "Twelve Years a Slave" by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free African-American man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C. by two conmen in 1841 and sold into slavery. Northup was put to work on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before being released. The first scholarly edition of Northup's memoir, co-edited in 1968 by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, carefully retraced and validated the account and concluded it to be accurate. Other characters in the film were also real people, including Edwin and Mary Epps, and Patsey.

Question: In what 2013 period drama did Micheal Fassbender win an Empire Award for best supporting actor?
Answer: 12 Years a Slave
Anfield
Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, which has a seating capacity of 53,394, making it the seventh largest football stadium in England. It has been the home of Liverpool Football Club since their formation in 1892. It was originally the home of Everton from 1884 to 1891, before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president.
Jimmy Stott
James Stott (6 November 1870 – 8 October 1908) was an English professional footballer of the late 19th century.
Jimmy Stott
Primarily a winger, but able to play in a number of positions, he began his career as an amateur with spells at South Bank, Cambuslang and Middlesbrough. In August 1893, Stott signed his first professional contract with Liverpool. He only had one season at Anfield, Liverpool's first in the Football League, but in doing so won the Second Division championship and ended as the club's top scorer with an impressive 14 goals in 17 games. Despite this, though, he was not a first team regular, and in 1894 he moved to Grimsby Town. His spell there was also ended after a year, returning to the north-east to join Newcastle United, where he captained the side to a shock FA Cup victory at Preston North End and promotion from the Second Division in 1898. After one year in the First Division he returned to Middlesbrough, but couldn't get into the first-team, and he retired early in 1900. Described as a snappy dresser, but with a short temper (on and off the pitch), he later worked as a licensee. He contracted a brain tumour, and died in a lunatic asylum in 1908.

Question: What football stadium did James Stott play at that was the sixth largest football stadium in England?
Answer: Anfield
Iran
At least 74 species of the Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country's biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.

Question: How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?
Answer: 74 species
Alps
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as "passes", and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. The most important passes are the Col de l'Iseran (the highest), the Col Agnel, the Brenner Pass, the Mont-Cenis, the Great St. Bernard Pass, the Col de Tende, the Gotthard Pass, the Semmering Pass, the Simplon Pass, and the Stelvio Pass.

Question: Where were hospices established? 
Answer: the summits of many of the main passes
Professor Moriarty
Professor James Moriarty is a fictional character in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Moriarty is a machiavellian criminal mastermind whom Holmes describes as the "Napoleon of crime". Doyle lifted the phrase from a Scotland Yard inspector who was referring to Adam Worth, a real-life criminal mastermind and one of the individuals upon whom the character of Moriarty was based. The character was introduced primarily as a narrative device to enable Doyle to kill Sherlock Holmes, and he only featured in two of the Sherlock Holmes stories. However, in adaptations, he has often been given a greater prominence and treated as Sherlock Holmes' archenemy.
Professor Moriarty
Professor Moriarty's first and only appearance occurred in the 1893 short story "The Adventure of the Final Problem" (set in 1891), in which Holmes, on the verge of delivering a fatal blow to Moriarty's criminal organization, is forced to flee to continental Europe to escape Moriarty's retribution. The criminal mastermind follows, and the pursuit ends on top of the Reichenbach Falls, an encounter that apparently ends with both Holmes and Moriarty falling to their deaths. In this story, Moriarty is introduced as a criminal mastermind who protects nearly all of the criminals of England in exchange for their obedience and a share in their profits. Holmes, by his own account, was originally led to Moriarty by his perception that many of the crimes he investigated were not isolated incidents, but instead the machinations of a vast and subtle criminal organization.
John Gardner (British writer)
John Edmund Gardner (20 November 1926 – 3 August 2007) was an English spy and thriller novelist, best known for his James Bond continuation novels, but also for his series of Boysie Oakes books and three continuation novels containing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional villain, Professor Moriarty.

Question: Did Sir Edmund Gardner feature Sherlock Holmes arch enemy more or less than Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?
Answer: three continuation novels containing Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional villain,
Frédéric Chopin
From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: "I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much." He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Érard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him "hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy.

Question: Modern medicine indicates Chopin may have suffered from what condition?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy.
Professional wrestling
Most wrestling matches last for a set number of falls, with the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the winner. Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5"). The standard for modern matches is one fall. However, even though it is now standard, many announcers will explicitly say so, e.g. "The following contest is set for one fall with a 20-minute time limit." These matches are given a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw. Modern matches are generally given a 10- to 30-minute time limit for standard matches; title matches can go for up to one hour. British wrestling matches held under Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules are 2 out of 3 falls.

Question: How could a wrestler win in the past?
Answer: Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5").
Empiricism
The phenomenalist phase of post-Humean empiricism ended by the 1940s, for by that time it had become obvious that statements about physical things could not be translated into statements about actual and possible sense data. If a physical object statement is to be translatable into a sense-data statement, the former must be at least deducible from the latter. But it came to be realized that there is no finite set of statements about actual and possible sense-data from which we can deduce even a single physical-object statement. The translating or paraphrasing statement must be couched in terms of normal observers in normal conditions of observation. There is, however, no "finite" set of statements that are couched in purely sensory terms and can express the satisfaction of the condition of the presence of a normal observer. According to phenomenalism, to say that a normal observer is present is to make the hypothetical statement that were a doctor to inspect the observer, the observer would appear to the doctor to be normal. But, of course, the doctor himself must be a normal observer. If we are to specify this doctor's normality in sensory terms, we must make reference to a second doctor who, when inspecting the sense organs of the first doctor, would himself have to have the sense data a normal observer has when inspecting the sense organs of a subject who is a normal observer. And if we are to specify in sensory terms that the second doctor is a normal observer, we must refer to a third doctor, and so on (also see the third man).

Question: How can't a finite set of statements be described?
Answer: in purely sensory terms
Brain
In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the olfactory bulb, which is involved in the sense of smell, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where there is evidence that the new neurons play a role in storing newly acquired memories. With these exceptions, however, the set of neurons that is present in early childhood is the set that is present for life. Glial cells are different: as with most types of cells in the body, they are generated throughout the lifespan.

Question: Which type of cells in the brain are generated throughout your lifetime?
Answer: Glial cells
Fibigia
Fibigia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae.
Tanakaea
Tanakaea radicans, the Japanese foam flower, is a member of the Saxifrage family native to Japan, and is the sole species in the genus Tanakaea. It is named after the Japanese botanist Tanaka Yoshio. It was initially described by Ludovic Savatier and Adrien René Franchet.

Question: Are both Fibigia and Tanakaea a flowering plant?
Answer: yes
Michael Winner
Michael Robert Winner (30 October 1935 – 21 January 2013) was an English film director and producer, bon vivant, and a restaurant critic for "The Sunday Times".
Gareth Evans (director)
Gareth Huw Evans (born 1980) is a Welsh film director, screenwriter, editor, and action choreographer. He is best known for the Indonesian action crime films "Merantau" (2009), "The Raid" (2011), and "The Raid 2" (2014), and for bringing the Indonesian martial art of pencak silat into world cinema through these films. He is also known for creating the action crime drama television series "Gangs of London" (2020).

Question: Which occupation did Gareth Evans and Michael Winner have in common?
Answer: director
Buckingham Palace
Various owners leased it from royal landlords, and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4 acre mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the north-west corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in "Anarchia Anglicana" (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Question: What product did the mulberry garden produce?
Answer: silk
Central African Republic
Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé's government of conducting a "witch hunt" against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics. In 1996–1997, reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government's erratic behaviour, three mutinies against Patassé's administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension. During this time (1996) the Peace Corps evacuated all its volunteers to neighboring Cameroon. To date, the Peace Corps has not returned to the Central African Republic. The Bangui Agreements, signed in January 1997, provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission, to Central African Republic and re-entry of ex-mutineers into the government on 7 April 1997. The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force (MINURCA). Since 1997, the country has hosted almost a dozen peacekeeping interventions, earning it the title of "world champion of peacekeeping".

Question: Where did the peace corps evacuate to?
Answer: Cameroon
Heinkel He 118
The Heinkel He 118 was a prototype German monoplane dive bomber design that lost out to the Junkers Ju 87 "Stuka" in the 1930s, and was never ordered by the "Luftwaffe".
Junkers Ju 87
The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from "Sturzkampfflugzeug", "dive bomber") was a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft. Designed by Hermann Pohlmann, it first flew in 1935. The Ju 87 made its combat debut in 1937 with the Luftwaffe's Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War and served the Axis forces in World War II.
Junkers Ju 87
The aircraft is easily recognisable by its inverted gull wings and fixed spatted undercarriage. Upon the leading edges of its faired main gear legs were mounted the "Jericho-Trompete" (Jericho trumpet) wailing sirens, becoming the propaganda symbol of German air power and the so-called "Blitzkrieg" victories of 1939–1942. The Stuka's design included several innovations, including automatic pull-up dive brakes under both wings to ensure that the aircraft recovered from its attack dive even if the pilot blacked out from the high g-forces.

Question: Who designed the dive bomber to which the Heinkel He 118 lost out?
Answer: Hermann Pohlmann
Egypt
The First Intermediate Period ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilisation of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the Middle Kingdom c. 2040 BCE, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. A second period of disunity heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the Semitic Hyksos. The Hyksos invaders took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BCE and founded a new capital at Avaris. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by Ahmose I, who founded the Eighteenth Dynasty and relocated the capital from Memphis to Thebes.

Question: What new capital was founded in 1650, lower Egypt?
Answer: Avaris