qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Freemasonry
Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate it to a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining. The 15th century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.

Question: The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?
Answer: ceremonial regalia.
Diamond Rio
Diamond Rio is an American country music band. The band was founded in 1982 as an attraction for the Opryland USA theme park in Nashville, Tennessee, and was originally known as the Grizzly River Boys, then the Tennessee River Boys. It was founded by Matt Davenport, Danny Gregg, and Ty Herndon, the last of whom became a solo artist in the mid-1990s. After undergoing several membership changes in its initial years, the band has consisted of the same six members since 1989: Marty Roe (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Gene Johnson (mandolin, guitar, fiddle, tenor vocals), Jimmy Olander (lead guitar, banjo), Brian Prout (drums), Dan Truman (keyboards), and Dana Williams (bass guitar, baritone vocals).
Diamond Rio
After assuming the name Diamond Rio, the band was signed to Arista Nashville and debuted in 1991 with the single "Meet in the Middle", which made them the first band ever to send a debut single to No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts. The band charted 32 more singles between then and 2006, including four more that reached No. 1: "How Your Love Makes Me Feel" (1997), "One More Day" (2001), "Beautiful Mess" (2002), and "I Believe" (2003).
Holdin'
"Holdin'" is a song written by Kelly Garrett and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio. It was released in December 1996 as the fourth and final single from their album "IV". It peaked at number 4 in the United States, and number 5 in Canada.

Question: What was the original name of the group that released the song "Holdin'" in 1996?
Answer: the Grizzly River Boys
Horologium Oscillatorium
Horologium Oscillatorium: sive de motu pendulorum ad horologia aptato demonstrationes geometricae (Latin for ""The Pendulum Clock: or geometrical demonstrations concerning the motion of pendula as applied to clocks"") is a book published by Christiaan Huygens in 1673; it is his major work on pendulums and horology. This work is regarded as one of the three most important works done on mechanics in the 17th century, the other two being Galileo’s "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences" (1638) and Isaac Newton’s "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (1687).
Christiaan Huygens
Christiaan Huygens ( , , ] ( ) ; ; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695), also spelled Huyghens, was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution. In physics, Huygens made groundbreaking contributions in optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he is chiefly known for his studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan. As an inventor, he improved the design of the telescope with the invention of the Huygenian eyepiece. His most famous invention, however, was the pendulum clock in 1656, which was a breakthrough in timekeeping and became the most accurate timekeeper for almost 300 years. Huygens was an outstanding mathematician and, because he was the first to transfer mathematical inquiry to describe unobservable physical phenomena, he has been called the first theoretical physicist and the founder of modern mathematical physics.

Question: What nationality was the author of the book Horologium Oscillatorium?
Answer: Dutch
Cyprus
However, since then demand has increased annually – a result of local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists – while supply has fallen as a result of more frequent droughts.

Question: Why has demand for water increased annually on Cyprus?
Answer: local population growth, foreigners moving to Cyprus and the number of visiting tourists
Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress (Article I); the executive, consisting of the president (Article II); and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts (Article III). Article IV, Article V and Article VI embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. Article VII establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.
Squire Cheyney Farm
Squire Cheyney Farm is a historic farm and national historic district located in Thornbury Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses two contributing buildings, three contributing sites, one contributing structure, and contributing object. They are the farmhouse, barn (c. 1804, c. 1820, c. 1875, 1881, and c. 1910), ruins of a granary, remains of an ice house, a spring house (1799), stone retaining wall, and family cemetery (established c. 1803). The house was built in four periods, with the oldest dated to about 1797. The oldest section is a 2 1/s-story, three bay, stuccoed stone structure with a gable roof. The additions were built about 1815, about 1830, and about 1850, making it a seven-bay-wide dwelling. It is "L"-shaped and has a slate gable roof. During the American Revolution, Thomas "Squire" Cheyney [II] informed General George Washington during the Battle of Brandywine that the British were flanking him to the north. He was later appointed to the Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention to ratify the United States Constitution. The site is now a township park known as Squire Cheyney Farm Park.

Question: Squire Cheyney Farm is a historic farm and national historic district located in Thornbury Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, Thomas "Squire" Cheyney, was later appointed to the Pennsylvania Ratifying Convention to ratify the United States Constitution, the supreme law of which country?
Answer: United States of America
Law of the United States
Unlike the situation with the states, there is no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law and thereby granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent like their English predecessors. Federal courts are solely creatures of the federal Constitution and the federal Judiciary Acts. However, it is universally accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting "judicial power" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified. Several legal scholars have argued that the federal judicial power to decide "cases or controversies" necessarily includes the power to decide the precedential effect of those cases and controversies.

Question: What did the missing plenary reception do?
Answer: granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent
Frédéric Chopin
In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses.

Question: Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position?
Answer: Warsaw Lyceum
Tuberculosis
One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on the relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010 , and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction.

Question: What do some people say is even worse than the effects of tuberculosis itself?
Answer: the stigma
Elena Roger
Elena Silvia Roger (born October 27, 1974, Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine actress who won the 2009 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Édith Piaf in "Piaf". She has also appeared in the West End in "Evita", "Boeing-Boeing", and "Passion".
The German Doctor
The German Doctor ( ) is a 2013 Argentine historical drama film directed, produced, and written by Lucía Puenzo, based on her own novel "Wakolda" (2011). The film stars Àlex Brendemühl as Nazi SS officer and physician Josef Mengele, infamous for performing human experiments in the Auschwitz concentration camp. It also stars Florencia Bado, Natalia Oreiro, Diego Peretti, Elena Roger, and Guillermo Pfening.

Question: how is The German Doctor and Elena Roger connected?
Answer: Argentine
1914 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1914 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1914 college football season. In their 15th year under head coach Henry L. Williams, the Golden Gophers compiled a 6–1 record (3–1 against Western Conference opponents), finished in second place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 123 to 44. The team's only loss came to conference and national champion Illinois.
Big Ten Conference
The Big Ten Conference (stylized B1G, formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. It is based in Rosemont, Illinois. For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities, while the present conference has 14 member institutions. They compete in the NCAA Division I; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport. The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska, as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university.

Question: Which team won the 1914 championship of the Big Ten Conference? 
Answer: Illinois
Royal Shakespeare Company
The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The company employs over 1,000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year. The RSC plays regularly in London, Stratford-upon-Avon, and on tour across the UK and internationally.
Timothy Sheader
Timothy Sheader (born 23 November 1971 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire) is a British theatre director. Sheader read Law with French at the University of Birmingham and then became a Trainee Director at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond followed by an Assistant Director with the Royal Shakespeare Company for two years. He was appointed artistic director at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in November 2007, being responsible for productions from the 2008 season.

Question: Who was the Assistant Director with the British theatre company based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England?
Answer: Timothy Sheader
Vinnie Paul
Vincent Paul Abbott (March 11, 1964 – June 22, 2018), also known as Vinnie Paul, was an American musician, songwriter and producer, best known for being the drummer and co-founder of the heavy metal band Pantera. He was a member of Hellyeah for 12 years from 2006 until his death in 2018. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his younger brother, Dimebag Darrell.
Seventh Void
Seventh Void was a doom metal band composed of Type O Negative members Kenny Hickey and Johnny Kelly; Matt Brown of the 90's Industrial band Uranium 235 and Doom Metal band A Pale Horse Named Death; as well as Hank Hell of Inhuman. Originally conceived in 2003 by Kenny and Johnny, the band's personnel was not solidified until 2005 and songwriting began in earnest. The band's name is lifted from a line in Dante's Inferno. Their debut album, "Heaven Is Gone", was released in April 2009 in North America on Vinnie Paul's record label, Big Vin Records, and in November 2010 in Europe and the UK on Napalm Records. The CD was made available with brand new cover artwork. Matt Brown left the band in October, 2011, for reasons unknown. The band has yet to replace the former guitarist.

Question: Seventh Void's debut album was released on the record label of a former member, and co-founder, of what heavy metal band?
Answer: Pantera
Comcast
The company is mostly criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including "The Huffington Post". A 2014 investigative series published by "The Verge" involved interviews with 150 of Comcast's employees. It sought to examine why the company has become so widely criticized by its customers, the media and even members of its own staff. The series claimed part of the problem is internal and that Comcast's staff endures unreasonable corporate policies. According to the report: "customer service has been replaced by an obsession with sales; technicians are understaffed while tech support is poorly trained, and the company is hobbled by internal fragmentation." A widely read article penned by an anonymous call center employee working for Comcast appeared in November 2014 on "Cracked". Titled "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company", the article also claimed that Comcast is obsessed with sales, doesn't train its employees properly and concluded that "the system makes good customer service impossible."

Question: What online publication ran a feature from a Comcast employee in 2014 that received attention?
Answer: Cracked
Route 66 State Park
Route 66 State Park is a public recreation area located on the Meramec River at the site of the former town of Times Beach, Missouri. The state park encompasses 419 acre 1 mi east of Eureka. 
Times Beach, Missouri
Times Beach is a ghost town in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, 17 mi southwest of St. Louis and 2 mi east of Eureka. Once home to more than two thousand people, the town was completely evacuated early in 1983 due to TCDD—also known as dioxin—contamination. It was the largest civilian exposure to this compound in the history of the US.

Question: Route 66 State Park is located on the former site of a ghost town that was evacuted in what year?
Answer: 1983
Fort Orange (New Netherland)
Fort Orange ( ) was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland; the present-day city of Albany, New York developed at this site. It was built in 1624 as a replacement for Fort Nassau, which had been built on nearby Castle Island and served as a trading post until 1617 or 1618, when it was abandoned due to frequent flooding. Both forts were named in honor of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau. Due to a dispute between the Director-General of New Netherland and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck regarding jurisdiction over the fort and the surrounding community, the fort and community became an independent municipality, paving the way for the future city of Albany. After the English reconquered the region they soon abandoned Fort Orange (renamed Fort Albany) in favor of a new fort: Fort Frederick, constructed in 1676.
Johannes Megapolensis
Johannes Megapolensis (1603–1670) was a "dominie" (pastor) of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (present-day New York state in the United States), beginning in 1642. Serving for several years at Fort Orange (present-day Albany, New York) on the upper Hudson River, he is credited with being the first Protestant missionary to the Indians in North America. He later served as a minister in Manhattan, staying through the takeover by the English in 1664.

Question: Johannes Megapolensis served for several years at the first permanent Dutch settlement in what town?
Answer: New Netherland
Mammal
The lungs of mammals are spongy and honeycombed. Breathing is mainly achieved with the diaphragm, which divides the thorax from the abdominal cavity, forming a dome convex to the thorax. Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the dome, increasing the volume of the lung cavity. Air enters through the oral and nasal cavities, and travels through the larynx, trachea and bronchi, and expands the alveoli. Relaxing the diaphragm has the opposite effect, decreasing the volume of the lung cavity, causing air to be pushed out of the lungs. During exercise, the abdominal wall contracts, increasing pressure on the diaphragm, which forces air out quicker and more forcefully. The rib cage is able to expand and contract the chest cavity through the action of other respiratory muscles. Consequently, air is sucked into or expelled out of the lungs, always moving down its pressure gradient. This type of lung is known as a bellows lung due to its resemblance to blacksmith bellows.

Question: Increasing pressure on the diaphragm thus increasing air output more frequently is usually caused by?
Answer: exercise
Franco-Prussian War
During the fighting, the Communards killed around 500 people, including Georges Darboy, the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed between 7,000 and 30,000 Communards, both during the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to Britain, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

Question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?
Answer: between 6,000 and 10,000
BeiDou
The official English name of the system is "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System". It is named after the Big Dipper asterism, which is known in Chinese as (). The name literally means "Northern Dipper", the name given by ancient Chinese astronomers to the seven brightest stars of the Ursa Major constellation. Historically, this set of stars was used in navigation to locate the North Star. As such, the name BeiDou also serves as a metaphor for the purpose of the satellite navigation system.

Question: What does Běidǒu translate as?
Answer: Northern Dipper
Ottoman Empire
Until the second half of the 15th century, the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Jews and Christian Greeks, Assyrians, and Armenians.

Question: Muslims accounted for what amount of the population of the Empire in the 1820s?
Answer: 60%
Chihuahua (state)
Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but he left behind 500 men to maintain control. At the zenith of their power, the imperialist forces controlled all but four states in Mexico; the only states to maintain strong opposition to the French were: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California.

Question: Who was deeply dissatisfied with Bazaine's decision to abandon Chihuahua?
Answer: Maximilian
Mexico City
In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of Mexico City almost eightfold from the original 220 to , annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of Mexico City were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1479 sqkm by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within Mexico City was twenty-two.

Question: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height?
Answer: twenty-two
Communication
In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed as a conduit; a passage in which information travels from one individual to another and this information becomes separate from the communication itself. A particular instance of communication is called a speech act. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents. In the presence of "communication noise" on the transmission channel (air, in this case), reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.

Question: How are the sender and receiver connected in a slightly more complex form of communication model?
Answer: reciprocally
Asphalt
The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit words "jatu", meaning "pitch", and "jatu-krit", meaning "pitch creating" or "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally "gwitu-men" (pertaining to pitch), and by others, "pixtumens" (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to "bitumen", thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo-Saxon word "cwidu" (mastix), the German word "Kitt" (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word "kvada".

Question: What does the Sanskrit word translate as?
Answer: pitch creating
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).

Question: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?
Answer: Marcel Proust and André Gide
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; , IPA: ] ; , ] ; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.
Juan de Zubileta
Juan de Zubileta was one of the members of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition to circumnavigate the globe, which began in Seville on August 10, 1519. Zubileta, from Barakaldo, was one of the eighteen men who managed to complete the expedition, reaching Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522 on the "Victoria", along with 17 other survivors.

Question: What nationality was the leader of the expedition that Juan de Zubileta began on August 10, 1519?
Answer: Portuguese
Emarosa
Emarosa ( ) is an American alternative rock band, and formerly a post-hardcore band, from Lexington, Kentucky. The band currently consists of founding member and lead guitarist ER White, as well as bass guitarist Robert Joffred, rhythm guitarist Matthew Marcellus and lead vocalist Bradley Walden.
Emarosa
Upon forming in 2006, they released one extended play (EP) in 2007, titled "This Is Your Way Out", and shortly after, the group underwent significant line-up and sound changes, dropping their metalcore influence and leaning towards a more rock sound. The band released their debut studio album, "Relativity" (2008), which featured vocalist Jonny Craig and rhythm guitarist Jonas Ladekjaer. Their eponymous second album was released in June 2010, to critical acclaim, and was Craig's final album with the group.
Slaves (American band)
Slaves is an American post-hardcore band formed in Sacramento, California. The band currently consists of bassist Colin Vieira, guitarists Weston Richmond and Juan Felipe Sanchez, drummer Zachary Baker, and lead vocalist Matt McAndrew. The band released their debut album, "Through Art We Are All Equals" on June 24, 2014. Their second studio album, "Routine Breathing", was released on August 21, 2015. The band released their third studio album "Beautiful Death" on February 16, 2018.
Slaves (American band)
Due to his relapsing, original singer Jonny Craig was ejected from the group in January 2019. He was later replaced by season 7 runner-up of "The Voice", Matt McAndrew. With McAndrew, the band is scheduled to release their fourth studio album, "To Better Days", in 2020. The album will be their final release under the name "Slaves".

Question: Slaves consists of a lead vocalist formerly of what post hardcore band?
Answer: Emarosa
Black Ivy League
The Black Ivy League is a colloquial term that at times referred to the historically black colleges in the United States that attracted the majority of high-performing or affluent African American students prior to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Similar groups include: Public Ivies, Southern Ivies, and the Little Ivies, among others, none of which have canonical definitions. Generally, these schools have avoided using the term "Black Ivy League" to describe themselves.
Little Ivies
The Little Ivies are an unofficial group of small, academically competitive private liberal arts colleges in the Northeastern United States. The term Little Ivy derives from these schools' small student bodies, standards of academic excellence, associated historic social prestige, and highly selective admissions comparable to the Ivy League. According to "Bloomberg", the Little Ivies are also known for their large financial endowments, both absolutely and relative to their size.

Question: What are some examples of elite, highly academically competitive private liberal colleges other than the Little Ivies?
Answer: Similar groups include: Public Ivies, Southern Ivies,
Charles Byrne (giant)
Charles Byrne (1761–1783) or "The Irish Giant", was a man regarded as a curiosity or freak in London in the 1780s. Byrne's exact height is of some conjecture. Some accounts refer to him as being 8 ft to 8 ft tall, but skeletal evidence places him at just over 7 ft .
Patrick Cotter O'Brien
Patrick Cotter O'Brien (19 January 1760 – 8 September 1806) was the first of only twenty people in medical history to stand at a verified height of eight feet (2.44 m) or more. O'Brien was born in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland. His real name was Patrick Cotter and he adopted O'Brien as his stage name in the sideshow circus, claiming descent from the legendarily gigantic Brian Boru. He was also known as the "Bristol Giant" and the "Irish Giant". Another giant of this period, Charles Byrne, also claimed to be an O'Brien.

Question: What nickname was shared by Patrick Cotter O'Brien and Charles Byrne?
Answer: Irish Giant
John Ford
John Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an American film director. He is renowned both for Westerns such as "Stagecoach" (1939), "The Searchers" (1956), and "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as "The Grapes of Wrath" (1940). He was the recipient of five Academy Awards including a record four wins for Best Director.
John Ford
In a career of more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. Ford's work was held in high regard by his colleagues, with Orson Welles and Ingmar Bergman among those who named him one of the greatest directors of all time.
Bad Lands (1939 film)
Bad Lands is a 1939 Western film. "Bad Lands" is a remake of John Ford's "The Lost Patrol", with the locale changed from the Mesopotamian to the Arizona desert.

Question: Bad Lands is a remake of what American film director known for westerns, "The Lost Patrol"?
Answer: John Ford
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
The University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET Lahore) is a public university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan specializing in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects. It is the oldest and one of the most selective engineering institutions in Pakistan.
Clarkson University
Clarkson University is a private research university with its main campus in Potsdam, New York, and additional graduate program and research facilities in the New York Capital Region and Beacon, New York. It was founded in 1896 and has an enrollment of about 4,300 students studying toward bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in each of its schools or institutes: the Institute for a Sustainable Environment, the School of Arts & Sciences, the David D. Reh School of Business, the Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering, and the Earl R. and Barbara D. Lewis School of Health Sciences. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."
Clarkson University
The school was founded in 1896, funded by the sisters of Thomas S. Clarkson, a local entrepreneur who was accidentally killed while working in his sandstone quarry not far from Potsdam. When a worker was in danger of being crushed by a loose pump, Clarkson pushed him out of the way risking his own life. Clarkson was crushed against a wall by the swinging pump, sustaining severe internal injuries. He died five days later. The Clarkson family realized great wealth in the development of such quarries, and Potsdam sandstone was highly sought after by developers of townhouses in New York City and elsewhere. The family were important benefactors in the Potsdam area. The school was called the "Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School of Technology".

Question: Are University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore and Clarkson University both private universities?
Answer: no
Johns Hopkins
Johns Hopkins (May 19, 1795 – December 24, 1873) was an American entrepreneur, abolitionist and philanthropist of 19th-century Baltimore, Maryland.
Ethan Vishniac
Ethan Tecumseh Vishniac (born 1955) is an American astrophysicist. He is the son of microbiologist Wolf V. Vishniac, and grandson of photographer Roman Vishniac. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Astrophysical Journal and a professor of Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, after holding positions at University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and University of Texas in Austin. His wife Ilene Busch-Vishniac, the ninth president of the University of Saskatchewan (2012-2014), was previously Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Johns Hopkins, and provost and vice-president (academic) of McMaster University from 2007 until 2012.

Question: Ethan Tecumseh Vishniac (born 1955) is an American astrophysicist, his wife Ilene Busch-Vishniac, the ninth president of the University of Saskatchewan (2012-2014), was previously Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at which American entrepreneur, abolitionist and philanthropist of 19th-century Baltimore, Maryland?
Answer: Johns Hopkins
Computer
Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in the early 11th century. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer and gear-wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1235. Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe, an early fixed-wired knowledge processing machine with a gear train and gear-wheels,  1000 AD .

Question: The first astrolabe with gear-wheels was invented when?
Answer: 1235
Copper
Copper's superior conductivity enhances the efficiency of electrical motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%–46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coil increases the efficiency of the motor. Copper motor rotors, a new technology designed for motor applications where energy savings are prime design objectives, are enabling general-purpose induction motors to meet and exceed National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) premium efficiency standards.

Question: What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors?
Answer: conductivity
Alfred Fleishman
Alfred "Al" Fleishman (June 16, 1905 – May 28, 2002), was co-founder, with business partner Robert Hillard, of Fleishman-Hillard, the St. Louis-based public relations firm that began in a rented room above a Woolworth’s store and has grown to become one of the world’s largest public relations agencies. In the process, Fleishman earned a reputation not only as one of the pioneers of public relations, but also as an author, educator, humanitarian, and champion of the state of Israel.
F. W. Woolworth Company
The F. W. Woolworth Company (often referred to as Woolworth's or Woolworth) was a retail company and one of the original pioneers of the five-and-dime store. It was among the most successful American and international five-and-dime businesses, setting trends and creating the modern retail model that stores follow worldwide today.

Question: Alfred Fleishman began his public relations firm above what retail five-and-dime store?
Answer: F. W. Woolworth Company
Lion (2016 film)
Lion is a 2016 biographical drama film directed by Garth Davis (in his feature debut) and written by Luke Davies, based on the 2013 non-fiction book "A Long Way Home" by Saroo Brierley. The film stars Dev Patel, Rooney Mara, David Wenham and Nicole Kidman, as well as Abhishek Bharate, Divian Ladwa, Priyanka Bose, Deepti Naval, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Sunny Pawar, and tells the true story of how Brierley, 25 years after being separated from his family in Burhanpur, sets out to find them. It is a joint production between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Luke Davies
Luke Davies (born 1962) is an Australian writer of poetry, novels and screenplays. His best known works are "" (which was adapted for the screen in 2006) and the screenplay for the film "Lion", which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Davies also co-wrote the screenplay for the film "News of the World."

Question: What movie starring Dev Patel was based on an Austalian novel?
Answer: Lion
1996 Brownlow Medal
The 1996 Brownlow Medal was the 69th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Michael Voss of the Brisbane Bears and James Hird of the Essendon Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty-one votes during the 1996 AFL season. Corey McKernan of the North Melbourne Football Club polled the same number of votes as Voss and Hird, but due to a tribunal suspension during the year, he was deemed ineligible to win the award. This caused some to call for the rules to be changed to allow suspended players to still be eligible. The eligibility rules have remained the same since then, relying on the "fairest" section of fairest and best to continue to exclude suspended players from being able to win the award. McKernan went on to be a member of North Melbourne's 1996 AFL Grand Final winning team, something that both Voss and Hird said that they would prefer over winning the medal.
Corey McKernan
Corey McKernan (born 19 December 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the North Melbourne Kangaroos and Carlton Blues in the Australian Football League (AFL). A dual Premiership player a one time All Australian at North Melbourne and one time club best and fairest winner and leading goal kicker at Carlton, McKernan was, at one time considered to be one of the very best players in the country.

Question: What one time All Australian North Melbourne player almost won a Brownlow Medal but was prevented due to suspension?
Answer: Corey McKernan
World War Z (film)
World War Z is a 2013 American apocalyptic action horror film directed by Marc Forster, with a screenplay by Matthew Michael Carnahan, Drew Goddard, and Damon Lindelof, from a screen story by Carnahan and J. Michael Straczynski, based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Max Brooks. The film stars Brad Pitt as Gerry Lane, a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie pandemic. The ensemble supporting cast includes Mireille Enos, Daniella Kertesz, James Badge Dale, Matthew Fox, Ludi Boeken, Fana Mokoena, David Morse, Peter Capaldi, Pierfrancesco Favino, Ruth Negga, and David Andrews.
Christopher Nelson (make-up artist)
Christopher Allen Nelson is an American make-up artist, VFX artist, writer and actor. He is best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as "Halloween", "", "", "", "Sin City", "", "The Amazing Spider-Man", "World War Z", "Inherent Vice", "Deadpool", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" and "Suicide Squad" (2016) has earned him numerous awards and nominations. He also played the groom of Beatrix "Black Mamba" Kiddo in "".

Question: Christopher Nelson is an American makeup artist, VFX artist, writer and actor, he's best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as World War Z, a 2013 American action horror film, directed by who?
Answer: Marc Forster
Doubt (2008 film)
Doubt is a 2008 American period drama film written and directed by John Patrick Shanley based on his Pulitzer Prize-winning and Tony Award-winning 2004 stage play "". Produced by Scott Rudin, the film takes place in a Roman Catholic elementary school named for St. Nicholas led by Sister Aloysius (Meryl Streep). Sister James (Amy Adams) tells Aloysius that Father Flynn (Philip Seymour Hoffman) might have too much personal attention with the school's only black student Donald Miller (Joseph Foster), thus leading to Aloysius starting a crusade against Flynn. The film also features Viola Davis as Donald Miller's mother, Mrs. Miller.
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Known for playing distinctive supporting and character roles, Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death in 2014. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest actors of his generation. 
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Born and raised in Fairport, New York, Hoffman was drawn to theater in his youth after attending a stage production of Arthur Miller's "All My Sons" at age 12. Hoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, and began his screen career in a 1991 episode of "Law & Order" and started to appear in films in 1992. He gained recognition for his supporting work, notably in "Scent of a Woman" (1992), "Twister" (1996), "Boogie Nights" (1997), "Happiness" (1998), "Patch Adams" (1998), "The Big Lebowski" (1998), "Magnolia" (1999), "The Talented Mr. Ripley" (1999), "Almost Famous" (2000), "Punch-Drunk Love" (2002) and "Along Came Polly" (2004). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in "Capote" (2005), won multiple accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hoffman's profile continued to grow and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in "Charlie Wilson's War" (2007), a priest accused of pedophilia in "Doubt" (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in "The Master" (2012).

Question: Which American actor, director and producer best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits – Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46, did sister James indicate might have too much personal attention with the school's only black student Donald Miller (Joseph Foster)?
Answer: Philip Seymour Hoffman
Ashkenazi Jews
Sometime in the Early Medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. Conforming to the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominated "Sefarad" (Obadiah 20), France was called "Tsarefat" (1 Kings 17:9), and Bohemia was called the "Land of Canaan". By the high medieval period, Talmudic commentators like Rashi began to use "Ashkenaz/Eretz Ashkenaz" to designate Germany, earlier known as "Loter", where, especially in the Rhineland communities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz, the most important Jewish communities arose. Rashi uses "leshon Ashkenaz" (Ashkenazi language) to describe German speech, and Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters referred to the Crusaders as Ashkenazim. Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France and Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany and France.

Question: How did Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters refer to the Crusaders?
Answer: as Ashkenazim
Gene
Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed. The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product. The gene's DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA. The mRNA matches the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand. Transcription is performed by an enzyme called an RNA polymerase, which reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes the RNA from 5' to 3'. To initiate transcription, the polymerase first recognizes and binds a promoter region of the gene. Thus, a major mechanism of gene regulation is the blocking or sequestering the promoter region, either by tight binding by repressor molecules that physically block the polymerase or by organizing the DNA so that the promoter region is not accessible.

Question: What is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA?
Answer: The gene's DNA
On the Origin of Species
Chapter VII (of the first edition) addresses the evolution of instincts. His examples included two he had investigated experimentally: slave-making ants and the construction of hexagonal cells by honey bees. Darwin noted that some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others, and he observed that many ant species will collect and store the pupae of other species as food. He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps. He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax. Darwin concluded:

Question: What did Darwin notice specifically about slave-making ants?
Answer: some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of "signs". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word "parousia"—usually translated as "coming" when referring to Christ—as "presence". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the "second coming" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans.

Question: What happened to Satan when Jesus started his rule?
Answer: ousted from heaven
Negus Mine
Negus Mine was a gold producer at Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, from 1939 to 1952. It produced 255,807 troy ounces (7956 kg) of gold from 490,808 tons of ore milled. The underground workings were acquired by adjacent Con Mine in 1953 and were used for ventilation purposes until Con Mine closed in 2003.
Golden Giant Mine
The Golden Giant Mine is a closed underground gold mine in the Hemlo mining camp in Canada, located north of Lake Superior, midway between Sault Ste. Marie and Thunder Bay, Ontario near the town of Manitouwadge.

Question: Are both Golden Giant Mine and Negus Mine located in Canada?
Answer: yes
United States Air Force
Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces. Some of these traditions range from "Friday Name Tags" in flying units to an annual "Mustache Month". The use of "challenge coins" dates back to World War I when a member of one of the aero squadrons bought his entire unit medallions with their emblem, while another cultural tradition unique to the Air Force is the "roof stomp", practiced by Airmen to welcome a new commander or to commemorate another event, such as a retirement.

Question: What traditions does the US Air Force have? 
Answer: "Friday Name Tags" in flying units