qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Summertime (George Gershwin song)
"Summertime" is an aria composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for the 1935 opera "Porgy and Bess". The lyrics are by DuBose Heyward, the author of the novel "Porgy" on which the opera was based, although the song is also co-credited to Ira Gershwin by ASCAP.
Summertime (George Gershwin song)
The song soon became a popular and much-recorded jazz standard, described as "without doubt ... one of the finest songs the composer ever wrote ... Gershwin's highly evocative writing brilliantly mixes elements of jazz and the song styles of blacks in the southeast United States from the early twentieth century". Composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim has characterized Heyward's lyrics for "Summertime" and "My Man's Gone Now" as "the best lyrics in the musical theater".
Abbie Mitchell
Abriea "Abbie" Mitchell Cook (25 September 1884 – 16 March 1960), also billed as Abbey Mitchell, was an American soprano opera singer. She performed the role of "Clara" in the premier production of George Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" in 1935, and was also the first to record "Summertime" from that musical.

Question: The American soprano opera singer Abbie Mitchell was first to record the aria from George Gerhswin's musical, which is based on which novel?
Answer: Porgy
Chrysler Building
The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco–style skyscraper located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood on the East Side of Manhattan, New York City, at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue near Midtown Manhattan. At 318.9 m , the structure was the world's tallest building for 11 months before it was surpassed by the Empire State Building in 1931. It is the tallest brick building in the world with a steel framework. s of 2019 , the Chrysler is the 11th-tallest building in the city, tied with The New York Times Building.
Cloud Club
The Cloud Club was a lunch club that occupied the 66th, 67th, and 68th floors of the Chrysler Building in New York City. At one time it was the highest lunch club in the world. It opened in 1930 and closed in 1979.

Question: What year was the building, which housed the Cloud Club, surpassed for tallest building in the world?
Answer: 1931
Roman Republic
In 118, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numidia. Adherbal fled to Rome for assistance, and initially Rome mediated a division of the country between the two brothers. Eventually, Jugurtha renewed his offensive, leading to a long and inconclusive war with Rome. He also bribed several Roman commanders, and at least two tribunes, before and during the war. His nemesis, Gaius Marius, a legate from a virtually unknown provincial family, returned from the war in Numidia and was elected consul in 107 over the objections of the aristocratic senators. Marius invaded Numidia and brought the war to a quick end, capturing Jugurtha in the process. The apparent incompetence of the Senate, and the brilliance of Marius, had been put on full display. The "populares" party took full advantage of this opportunity by allying itself with Marius.

Question: Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with?
Answer: Marius
Portugal
Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves – mainly in the north – after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognized Portuguese mines that are still in operation.

Question: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
Answer: copper
America's Got Talent (season 2)
The second season of America's Got Talent, an American talent show competition, began broadcasting in the United States during 2007, from June 5 to August 21 on NBC. The success of the first season led to the network commissioning additional episodes. As part of the new season that was commissioned, production staff made changes to the format that involved the inclusion of a "bootcamp" stage of auditions, and amendments to the involvement of the judges and the use of their buzzers to match that with other editions across the "Got Talent" franchise. Although it was intended to debut in January 2007, the network decided to focus the program for its Summer 2007 schedule, and thus allocated the slot to .
America's Got Talent (season 2)
While Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff returned as judges, Regis Philbin did not return for the new season as host, and was replaced by tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer, while Brandy Norwood was unable to return due to an ongoing lawsuit against her at the time, and was replaced by Sharon Osbourne as a result. The second season was won by singing ventriloquist and impressionist Terry Fator, with singer and guitarist Cas Haley finishing in second place, and singing beatboxer Butterscotch placing third.
Brandy Norwood
Brandy Rayana Norwood (born February 11, 1979), better known by her mononym Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born into a musical family in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Carson, California, she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups. In 1993, Norwood signed with Atlantic Records. The following year, she released her self-titled debut album, which was certified quadruple Platinum in the U.S., selling six million copies worldwide. Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom "Moesha" as the title character, which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles. She resumed her music career in 1998 with the wildly successful duet with fellow R&B contemporary Monica, "The Boy Is Mine", which went on to become one of the best selling female duets of all time, and one of the longest running number one singles in history. Her second album, "Never Say Never", featured two number one singles, and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award.
Brandy Norwood
Throughout the 2000s, Norwood held a precarious position in the pop industry. In 2002, she starred in the reality series "", documenting the birth of her daughter. Her third and fourth albums, "Full Moon" (2002) and "Afrodisiac" (2004), were released to critical success. She served as a judge on the first season of "America's Got Talent" before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006. After several lawsuits stemming from the accident, Norwood's fifth album, "Human" (2008), was released to commercial failure.

Question: What was the name of the America's got Talent judge that was born into a musical family in McComb, Mississippi?
Answer: Brandy Norwood
Over Wyre
Over Wyre is the collective name given to a group of villages in Lancashire, England, situated on the Fylde, to the north and east of the River Wyre. The group is usually considered to include Hambleton, Stalmine, Knott End-on-Sea, Preesall, Pilling and Out Rawcliffe. The name distinguishes these villages from the larger southern part of the Fylde, between the Wyre and the Ribble, which includes the urban areas of Blackpool, Poulton-le-Fylde, Thornton, Cleveleys, Fleetwood and Lytham St Annes.
Cleveleys
Cleveleys is a town on the Fylde Coast of Lancashire, England, about 4 mi north of Blackpool and 2 mi south of Fleetwood. It is part of the Borough of Wyre. With its neighbouring settlement of Thornton, Cleveleys was part of the former urban district of Thornton-Cleveleys and is part of the Blackpool Urban Area.

Question: Over Wyre includes the town Cleveleys, which is on what coast?
Answer: Fylde Coast
Ashkenazi Jews
A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.

Question: The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews?
Answer: modern-day Italians
Computer
Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.

Question: Konrad Zuse was an engineer with what nationality?
Answer: German
Maurice Tourneur
Maurice "Tourneur" Félix Thomas (] , ] ; 2 February 1876 – 4 August 1961) was a French film director and screenwriter.
Clyde Geronimi
Clito "Clyde" Geronimi (June 12, 1901 – April 24, 1989), known as Gerry, was an Italian American animation director. He is best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions.

Question: Did Clyde Geronimi and Maurice Tourneur live during any of the same years?
Answer: yes
Kitchens of Distinction
Kitchens of Distinction (sometimes shortened colloquially to KOD) are an English three-person alternative rock band formed in Tooting, South London, in 1986. They released four studio albums and a handful of singles and EPs before disbanding in 1996. In September 2012, Patrick Fitzgerald announced on the Facebook page of Stephen Hero that he and the other original KOD members Julian Swales and Dan Goodwin were working on new material as Kitchens of Distinction. The reunited trio released their fifth studio album, their first since 1994, in late September 2013.
Buck-Tick
Buck-Tick (stylized as BUCK-TICK) is a Japanese rock band, formed in Fujioka, Gunma in 1983. The group has consisted of lead vocalist Atsushi Sakurai, lead guitarist Hisashi Imai, rhythm guitarist Hidehiko Hoshino, bassist Yutaka Higuchi and drummer Toll Yagami since 1985. The band has experimented with many different genres of music throughout their three decade career, including punk rock, industrial rock and gothic rock. Buck-Tick are commonly credited as one of the founders of the visual kei movement. They have released 21 studio albums, nearly all reaching the top ten on the charts, of which three in the late eighties and early nineties topped them.
Buck-Tick
Buck-Tick was originally formed in 1983. All five of the band members lived in Gunma prefecture. Hisashi Imai originally had the idea for the band, and wanted to start despite not knowing how to play any instruments at the time. He recruited his friend, Yutaka Higuchi, and the two of them began to practice — Imai on guitar and Higuchi on bass. Then, Higuchi asked Hidehiko Hoshino, who had been his friend since their first year of high school, if he would like to join, too. Since Hoshino was tall and handsome, Higuchi tried to convince him to become the vocalist, but Hoshino was more interested in playing guitar, and did not want to be in the spotlight, so Imai's friend Araki became vocalist instead. Atsushi Sakurai, a rebellious loner in Imai's class who hung out with the bad-kid "Yankī" crowd, volunteered to be the drummer. The Buck-Tick members went to high school with Boøwy singer Kyosuke Himuro.

Question: Buck-Tick and Kitchens of Distinction, are both what type of musical bands?
Answer: rock
Kim Novak
Marilyn Pauline "Kim" Novak (born February 13, 1933) is a retired American film and television actress.
Kim Novak
Novak began her film career in 1954 after signing with Columbia Pictures, starring in many movies, including "Picnic" (1955) and later in "The Man with the Golden Arm" (1955) and "Pal Joey" (1957). She is widely known for her performance as Madeline Elster/Judy Barton in Alfred Hitchcock's thriller "Vertigo" (1958) with James Stewart.
Just a Gigolo (1978 film)
Just a Gigolo (Schöner Gigolo, armer Gigolo) is a 1978 West German black comedy film directed by David Hemmings and starring David Bowie. Set in post-World War I Berlin, it also featured Sydne Rome, Kim Novak and Marlene Dietrich in her final film role.
Just a Gigolo (1978 film)
The film was panned by critics and audiences; this led Bowie to quip that it was "my 32 Elvis Presley movies rolled into one".

Question: When was the actress featured in Just a Gigolo other than Sydne Rome and Marlene Dietrich born?
Answer: February 13, 1933
Dominican Order
The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they were able. At the center of this environment was love: the love that Christ showed for humanity in becoming human. Christ's love reveals the mercy of God and His care for His creation. English Dominican mystics sought through this love to become images of God. Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity. This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.

Question: What does love lead to according to English mystics?
Answer: spiritual growth
Freedom Party of Austria
The Freedom Party of Austria ( , FPÖ) is a far-right populist and national-conservative political party in Austria. The party, led by Norbert Hofer since September 2019, is a member of the Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament, as well as of the Identity and Democracy Party. The FPÖ was founded in 1956 as the successor to the short-lived Federation of Independents (VdU), representing the "Third Camp" of Austrian politics, i.e. pan-Germanists and national liberals opposed to both socialism and Catholic clericalism. The party's first leader was Anton Reinthaller, a former Nazi functionary and SS officer. Despite this, the FPÖ did not endorse Nazism or radical-right policies and presented itself as a centralist party. In its early years, the FPÖ was a third party with modest support. It was admitted to the Liberal International (LI) in 1979 and participated in a government led by the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ), following the 1983 legislative election. Under the leadership of Norbert Steger in the early 1980s, the party sought to style itself on the German Free Democratic Party. 
Freedom Party of Austria
When Jörg Haider was chosen as new FPÖ leader in 1986, the party started an ideological turn towards right-wing populism. This new political course soon resulted in a strong surge in electoral support, although it also led the SPÖ to break ties. In 1993, after a controversial proposal on immigration issues, the adherents of a position closer to classical liberalism broke away from the FPÖ and formed the Liberal Forum (LiF), which took over the FPÖ's membership in the LI (since the FPÖ considered itself forced to leave) and would later eventually merge into NEOS. Among other things, the party supports the unification of South Tyrol (Italy) with Tyrol (Austria) and therefore the South Tyrolean secessionist movement, which notably includes its South Tyrolean sister party Die Freiheitlichen.
Philipp Schrangl
Philipp Schrangl (born 14 March 1985) is an Austrian politician who has been a Member of the National Council for the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) since 2013.

Question: Which Austrian politician has been a member of a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria since 2013? 
Answer: Philipp Schrangl
Political corruption
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption where it is enabled with mutual legal assistance between the states parties regarding investigations, processes and judicial actions related to corruption crimes, as established in article 46.

Question: What is OAS?
Answer: Organization of American States
John Adler
John Herbert Adler (August 23, 1959April 4, 2011) was an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party who served for one term as the U.S. Representative for New Jersey 's congressional district from 2009 until 2011. He lost his 2010 congressional election to former Philadelphia Eagles football player Jon Runyan. Prior to joining Congress, Adler was a member of the New Jersey Senate from 1992 to 2009, where he represented the 6th Legislative District. 
John Adler
Only a few months after leaving the House due to losing reelection, Adler unexpectedly died after suffering from endocarditis as a result of getting a staph infection. In 2012, his widow, Shelley Adler, announced her candidacy for the seat, but she ended up losing to Runyan.
Jon Runyan
Jon Daniel Runyan (born November 27, 1973) is an American athlete and politician who was the U.S. Representative for New Jersey 's congressional district from 2011 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. Before entering politics, he was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League, where he played for 14 seasons. He was a participant in the 2003 Pro Bowl following the 2002 NFL season.

Question: What year did the formal football player win the Pro Bowl that John Herbert Adler lost to in a congressional election?
Answer: 2003
Karl Popper
In "The Open Society and Its Enemies" and "The Poverty of Historicism", Popper developed a critique of historicism and a defence of the "Open Society". Popper considered historicism to be the theory that history develops inexorably and necessarily according to knowable general laws towards a determinate end. He argued that this view is the principal theoretical presupposition underpinning most forms of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. He argued that historicism is founded upon mistaken assumptions regarding the nature of scientific law and prediction. Since the growth of human knowledge is a causal factor in the evolution of human history, and since "no society can predict, scientifically, its own future states of knowledge", it follows, he argued, that there can be no predictive science of human history. For Popper, metaphysical and historical indeterminism go hand in hand.

Question: Which of Popper's works criticized the idea that history has an inexorable developmental path?
Answer: The Poverty of Historicism
Davos
Davos ( , ; ] ] ( ) ; ; archaic ) is an Alpine town, and a municipality in the Prättigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of (2018 ). Davos is located on the river Landwasser, in the Rhaetian Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Range at 1560 m above sea level.
Davos
The former Alpine resort village consists of two parts: Davos Dorf (literally: "Davos village") to the northeast towards Klosters and further down through the Prättigau to Landquart, and Davos Platz (literally: "place") to the southwest, which opens into the valley of the river Landwasser and eventually leads to Filisur.
1992 Spengler Cup
The 1992 Spengler Cup was held in Davos, Switzerland, between December 26, 1992, and December 31, 1992. All matches were played at HC Davos's home arena, Eisstadion Davos. The final was won 6-5 by Team Canada over Färjestad BK.

Question: The 1992 Spengler Cup was held in an Alpine town, located on what river?
Answer: Landwasser
Angela Davis
Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author. She is a professor emerita at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Ideologically a Marxist, Davis was a longtime member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and is a founding member of the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). She is the author of over ten books on class, feminism, and the U.S. prison system. 
Angela Davis
Born to an African American family in Birmingham, Alabama, Davis studied French at Brandeis University and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt in West Germany. Studying under the philosopher Herbert Marcuse, a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, Davis became increasingly engaged in far-left politics. Returning to the United States, she studied at the University of California, San Diego before moving to East Germany, where she completed a doctorate at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After returning to the United States, she joined the Communist Party and became involved in numerous causes, including the second-wave feminist movement, the Black Panther Party, and the campaign against the Vietnam War. In 1969 she was hired as an acting assistant professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA's governing Board of Regents soon fired her due to her Communist Party membership; after a court ruled this illegal, the university fired her again, this time for her use of inflammatory language. 
Richard Russo
Richard Russo (born July 15, 1949) is an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and teacher.

Question: Did Richard Russo and Angela Davis write books?
Answer: yes
Walk the Moon
Walk the Moon (stylized as WALK THE MOON) is an American rock band based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Lead singer Nicholas Petricca started the band in 2006, while a student at Kenyon College, deriving the band's name from the song "Walking on the Moon" by the Police. The group independently released their debut studio album, "I want! I want!", in November 2010, receiving airplay for the track "Anna Sun" on multiple alternative radio stations. Along with the success of "Anna Sun", Alt Nation named them a band you need to know for the summer of 2012. Influential music blog Neon Gold helped to break the band in January 2011, calling "Anna Sun", "the kind of stuff British A&R dreams, and major label bidding wars, are made of."
After Midnight Project
After Midnight Project (commonly abbreviated "AMP") is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. As of 2012, they no longer perform together.
After Midnight Project
After Midnight Project began in 2004 in Los Angeles, California. They are known for their energetic live shows, extensive touring, and close connection to fans. They are also featured in the end credits with their song "Take Me Home" for the game "Prey". With the release of their EP, "The Becoming", in 2007, they caught the attention of Universal Motown and were signed. They entered the studio with renowned producer, John Feldmann, upon being signed, to record their debut full-length album, Let's Build Something to Break, which was released on August 11, 2009. The album's first single, "Take Me Home" entered the airwaves in June 2009. AMP performed on the Vans Warped Tour in preparation for the release of that album. In 2009 band did multiple interviews and autograph signings for Music Saves Lives.

Question: Are the bands Walk the Moon and After Midnight Project from the same city?
Answer: no
CityCenter
CityCenter (also known as CityCenter Las Vegas) is a 16.797 e6sqft mixed-use, urban complex on 76 acre located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The project was started by MGM Resorts International; Dubai World became a joint partner during the project's construction phase. It is the largest privately funded construction project in the history of the United States. The project is connected by a people mover system to adjacent MGM properties Park MGM and Bellagio Las Vegas. As of 2015, the "CityCenter" branding has been largely retired, with the focus instead on the Aria brand of the development's centerpiece property in names such as the "Aria Express" (formerly "CityCenter Tram") and "Aria Art Collection" (formerly "CityCenter Art Collection").
Vdara
Vdara Hotel & Spa ( ) is a 1.6 e6sqft condo-hotel and spa located within the CityCenter complex across from Aria Resort & Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. Vdara opened on December 1, 2009 as a joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development.

Question: Vdara is located within this complex located on how many acres
Answer: 76
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, it is the oldest campus of the University of California system. The university offers over 350 degree programs through its 14 colleges and schools, which, as of Fall 2019, enrolled 31,348 undergraduates and 11,856 graduate students. Berkeley is ranked among the top 5 universities in the world by major educational publications.
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley is one of the founding members of the Association of American Universities and is home to many leading institutes, including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory. It also founded and maintains close relationships with three national laboratories at Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos. The university collaborates regionally with its sister campus, the University of California, San Francisco, offering a joint medical program and other dual-degree programs, and with rival Stanford University as well as nationally with other leading universities.
Daniel Heartz
Daniel Heartz was an American musicologist and professor emeritus of music at the University of California, Berkeley.

Question: Daniel Heartz is an American musicologist and Professor emeritus of Music at which public research university located in Berkeley, California?
Answer: University of California, Berkeley
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

Question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
Answer: food and furs
North Carolina
The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina, in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861. At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of any Confederate regiment. During the Battle of Chickamauga, the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield. At Appomattox Court House in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War. For many years, North Carolinians proudly boasted that they had been "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox".

Question: Who was the first confederate soldier to be killed in the civil war?
Answer: Private Henry Wyatt
Buxus
Buxus is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae. Common names include box or boxwood.
Buxus
The boxes are native to western and southern Europe, southwest, southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Madagascar, northernmost South America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean, with the majority of species being tropical or subtropical; only the European and some Asian species are frost-tolerant. Centres of diversity occur in Cuba (about 30 species), China (17 species) and Madagascar (9 species).
Hydrocotyle umbellata
Hydrocotyle umbellata is an aquatic plant that thrives in wet, sandy habitat. Its English common name is manyflower marshpennywort or dollarweed. It is native to North America and parts of South America. It can also be found growing as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed on other continents. It is an edible weed that can be used in salads or as a pot herb.

Question: Buxus and Hydrocotyle umbellata can be both found on what continent?
Answer: North America
Hindu philosophy
In Indian philosophy, Yoga is, among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system aligns closely with the dualist premises of the Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concept of personal god (Ishvara), unlike Samkhya. The epistemology of the Yoga school, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six prāmaṇas as the means of gaining reliable knowledge: "pratyakṣa" (perception), "anumāṇa" (inference) and "śabda" ("āptavacana", word/testimony of reliable sources).

Question: How many of the six pramanas does yoga accept?
Answer: three
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin took the new salon genre of the nocturne, invented by the Irish composer John Field, to a deeper level of sophistication. He was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces. He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op. 28, published 1839). He exploited the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude, already being developed in the 1820s and 1830s by Liszt, Clementi, and Moscheles, in his two sets of studies (Op. 10 published in 1833, Op. 25 in 1837).

Question: Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?
Answer: ballades and scherzi
Frank Lucas
Frank Lucas (September 9, 1930 – May 30, 2019) was an American drug trafficker who operated in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was known for cutting out middlemen in the drug trade and buying heroin directly from his source in the Golden Triangle in Southeast Asia. Lucas boasted that he smuggled heroin using the coffins of dead American servicemen, but this claim is denied by his Southeast Asian associate, Leslie "Ike" Atkinson. Rather than hide the drugs in the coffins, they were hidden in the pallets underneath, as depicted in the feature film "American Gangster" (2007) in which he was played by Denzel Washington, although the film fictionalized elements of Lucas' life for dramatic effect. In 1976, Lucas was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to 70 years in prison; however, after becoming an informant, his sentence was reduced to five years. He was convicted of the same offense in 1984, and sentenced to seven years in prison. He died in 2019.
Frank Lucas
Lucas was born in La Grange, North Carolina, and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina. He was the son of Mahalee ("née" Jones; 1909-2003) and Fred Lucas. He said that the incident that sparked his motivation to embark on a life of crime was having witnessed his 12-year-old cousin's murder at the hands of the Ku Klux Klan, for apparently "reckless eyeballing" (looking at) a Caucasian woman, in Greensboro. He drifted through a life of petty crime until one particular occasion when, after a fight with a former employer, he fled to New York City on the advice of his mother. In Harlem, he indulged in petty crime and pool hustling before he was taken under the wing of gangster Bumpy Johnson. Lucas' connection to Johnson has since come under some doubt; he claimed to have been Johnson's driver for 15 years, although Johnson spent just five years out of prison before his death in 1968. According to Johnson's widow, much of the narrative that Lucas claimed as his actually belonged to another young hustler named Zach Walker, who lived with Johnson and his family and later betrayed him.
American Gangster (film)
American Gangster is a 2007 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by Steven Zaillian. The film is fictionally based on the criminal career of Frank Lucas, a gangster from La Grange, North Carolina who smuggled heroin into the United States on American service planes returning from the Vietnam War, before being detained by a task force led by detective Richie Roberts. The film stars Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe in their first lead acting roles together since 1995's "Virtuosity". The film also co-stars Ted Levine, John Ortiz, Josh Brolin, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Norman Reedus, Ruby Dee, Lymari Nadal and Cuba Gooding Jr.

Question: American Gangster is fictionally based on an American former drug trafficker, who operated where in the late 1960s and early 1970s?
Answer: Harlem
Ed Westwick
Edward Jack Peter Westwick (born 27 June 1987) is an English actor and musician, best known for his role as Chuck Bass on The CW’s "Gossip Girl" as well as Vincent Swan in the TV series "White Gold". He made his feature film debut in "Children of Men" (2006) and has since appeared in the films "Breaking and Entering" (2006), "Son of Rambow" (2007), "S. Darko" (2009), "Chalet Girl" (2011), "J. Edgar" (2011), "Romeo & Juliet" (2013), "Bone in the Throat" (2015), "Freaks of Nature" (2015), and "Billionaire Ransom" (2016).
Ed Westwick
Westwick was born in Hammersmith, London, and raised in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. He is the third and youngest child of Carole ("née" Blenkiron), an educational psychologist, and Peter Westwick, a university lecturer. He has two older brothers. He began music lessons and attended a Saturday morning drama school from the age of six. Westwick was educated at The Barclay School and North Hertfordshire College, where he took A-levels in business, law, and communication. He later trained at the National Youth Theatre in London.
S. Darko
S. Darko is a 2009 American science fiction thriller film directed by Chris Fisher and starring Daveigh Chase, Briana Evigan, and Ed Westwick. It is the sequel to the 2001 cult film "Donnie Darko".

Question: What actor appearred in The CW's Gossip Girl and the 2009 film S. Darko?
Answer: Ed Westwick
11 Minutes (film)
11 Minutes ( ) is a 2015 thriller film written and directed by Jerzy Skolimowski. It stars Richard Dormer, Paulina Chapko, Wojciech Mecwaldowski, Andrzej Chyra, Dawid Ogrodnik, Agata Buzek, Piotr Glowacki, Mateusz Kościukiewicz, Ifi Ude, Jan Nowicki, Anna Maria Buczek, and Lukasz Sikora. Set in Warsaw, it tells the story of multiple people's lives over the course of eleven minutes in a single day. The film had its world premiere in the Competition section at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival on 9 September 2015. It was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 88th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
Richard Dormer
Richard Dormer (born 11 November 1969) is an actor, playwright and screenwriter from Northern Ireland. He is best known for his role as Beric Dondarrion in the HBO television series "Game of Thrones" and Dan Anderssen in Sky Atlantic's "Fortitude".

Question: Which actor in "11 Minutes" also played Beric Dondarrion in "Game of Thrones"?
Answer: Richard Dormer
IPod
In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the color of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store.

Question: For what musical group was a special edition of the iPod first made?
Answer: U2
Kolkata
Kolkata ( or , ] ( ) , also rendered Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal, located on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, approximately 80 km west of the border with Bangladesh. According to the 2011 Indian census, Kolkata is the seventh-most populous city in India, with a population of 4.5 million residents within the city limits, and a population of over 14.1 million residents in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. Kolkata is occasionally called the "Cultural capital of India". As the principal commercial, cultural and educational centre of East India, Kolkata has the third-largest urban economy of India.
Kolkata
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756, and the East India Company retook it the following year. In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish rule, and assumed full sovereignty of the region. Under the company rule and later under the British Raj, Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement. Following independence in 1947, Kolkata, which was once the centre of Indian commerce, culture, and politics, suffered many decades of political violence and economic stagnation. 
Sanatan Dinda
Sanatan Dinda ( ) (born 5 February 1971) is an Indian visual artist from Kolkata India. He grew in stature to be the first Indian artist having a displayed portrait of Mother Teresa at the Buckingham Palace (a commissioned work).
Sanatan Dinda
Dinda born in Kumartuli intestines of North Kolkata, he graduated fine arts (Western painting) from the Government College of Art & Craft, Kolkata in 1992.

Question: What is the former name of the city where artist Sanatan Dinda resides?
Answer: Calcutta
Late Middle Ages
Music was an important part of both secular and spiritual culture, and in the universities it made up part of the "quadrivium" of the liberal arts. From the early 13th century, the dominant sacred musical form had been the motet; a composition with text in several parts. From the 1330s and onwards, emerged the polyphonic style, which was a more complex fusion of independent voices. Polyphony had been common in the secular music of the Provençal troubadours. Many of these had fallen victim to the 13th-century Albigensian Crusade, but their influence reached the papal court at Avignon.

Question: Polyphony was common in the secular music of which French region?
Answer: Provençal
General Electric
From  1932 until 1977, GE polluted the Housatonic River with PCB discharges from its plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. EPA designated the Pittsfield plant and several miles of the Housatonic to be a Superfund site in 1997, and ordered GE to remediate the site. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto, was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured up to 110 mg/kg in the sediment. About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 lb of PCBs. Former filled oxbows are also polluted. Waterfowl and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and can present health risks if consumed.

Question: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River?
Answer: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260
Garden & Gun
The company also produces the "Whole Hog" podcast, several books, the Fieldshop retail store, the Garden & Gun Club restaurant, and about 75 events each year.
Garden & Gun
The magazine was conceived by Pierre Manigault and John Wilson in 2004 and launched with Rebecca Wesson Darwin as its publisher in 2007 by the Evening Post Publishing Company. The magazine won three ADDY Awards and eight Magazine Association of the Southeast GAMMA awards in its first year, while being named the nation's second-hottest magazine launch in 2007 by "MIN Magazine". Since then, the magazine has won numerous national awards, including National Magazine Awards in 2011, 2014, and 2015, and The Society of Publication Designers Brand of the Year award in 2018.
Cobra Rock Boot Company
Cobra Rock Boot Company (CRBC) is a leather-lace-up bootmaking business in Marfa, Texas. The business has been owned and operated by Logan Caldbeck and Colt Miller since 2011. They earned a runner-up finish in "Garden & Gun" magazine's Best of the South 2012 awards. The business was featured on episode 2 of the Basin PBS show Western Perspective and on a September 2014 episode of Texas Country Reporter.

Question: What type of publication does Cobra Rock Boot Company and Garden & Gunhave in common?
Answer: magazine
This Must Be the Place (film)
This Must Be the Place is a 2011 Italian-French-Irish drama film directed by Paolo Sorrentino, written by Sorrentino and Umberto Contarello and released in the United States in late 2012. It stars Sean Penn and Frances McDormand. The film deals with a middle-aged wealthy rock star who becomes bored in his retirement and takes on the quest of finding his father's tormentor, a Nazi war criminal who is a refugee in the United States.
Gavin O'Connor (actor)
Gavin O'Connor is an Irish actor and author, known for his roles in TV series such as "Charlie", Taken Down,"The Tudors", "Single Handed" and films including "Dorothy Mills" (2008), "Eden" (2008), "The Front Line" (2006), "Headrush" (2003) and "This Is My Father" (1998), "This Must Be The Place" and "Fifty Dead Men Walking"

Question: Gavin O'Connor is an Irish Actor who is known for a role in a 2011 European drama film that was directed by Paulo Sorrentino and stars Sean Penn and who else?
Answer: Frances McDormand
Powered skydiving
Powered skydiving is an activity where a skydiver jumps from some height (usually an airplane) wearing propulsion and small wings to fly their bodies. Efforts have been made by wingsuit flyers to sustain altitude, but the most successful was Yves Rossy who jumped out of an airplane wearing airplane-type rigid wings with four small jet motors attached to them.
Yves Rossy
Yves Rossy (born 27 August 1959) is a Swiss military-trained pilot and an aviation enthusiast. He is known as the inventor of a series of experimental individual jet packs, the latest using carbon-fiber wings for flight. Often referred to as "Jetman", Rossy has sometimes tested and presented new versions of his jet packs in high-profile events staged around the world.

Question: What is the nationality of the most successful wingsuit flyer?
Answer: Swiss
Sterling Jewelers
Sterling Jewelers, Inc. is an American specialty jewelry company headquartered in Akron, Ohio. The company was founded in 1910 by Henry Shaw (the father of Jerry Shaw, the chairman emeritus of Sterling today), from LeRoy's Jewelers in Lorain, Ohio. Sterling Jewelers is a wholly owned subsidiary of UK-based Signet Jewelers Limited (listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SIG), having been acquired in 1987.
ULTRA Diamonds
ULTRA Diamonds was a seller of fine jewelry in factory outlet and value centers in the United States. ULTRA was a manufacturer as well as a direct importer of diamonds, gemstones, and gold jewelry. At one point, Ultra operated over 100 stores in outlet centers and 38 other format locations (primarily licensed jewelry departments). The company went through though bankruptcy in 2001–2002, and again after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. On November 2, 2012, the company was acquired by Signet Jewelers.
ULTRA Diamonds
ULTRA opened its first store in August 1991 in Gurnee, Illinois. Daniel H. Marks, founder, president, and CEO is a third generation jeweler. Prior to founding ULTRA, he was a principal with Marks Brothers Jewelers (parent company of the Whitehall and the Lundstrom jewelry chains). The company's retail philosophy was to offer "off-market" pricing with lowered profit margins than what had been traditional in the industry.

Question: Which other jewelry company does Kay Jewelers' owner have? 
Answer: Sterling Jewelers
Jeff Bridges
Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor, singer, and producer. He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series "Sea Hunt" (1958–60), with his father, Lloyd Bridges and brother, Beau Bridges. He has won numerous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Otis "Bad" Blake in the 2009 film "Crazy Heart", one of seven Academy Awards nominations.
Jeff Bridges
In 2016, he starred in the neo-western heist film "Hell or High Water", which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and garnered him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination. 
The Men Who Stare at Goats (film)
The Men Who Stare at Goats is a 2009 satirical dark comedy war film directed by Grant Heslov and starring George Clooney, Ewan McGregor, Jeff Bridges, and Kevin Spacey. It was produced by Clooney's and Heslov's production company Smoke House Pictures. The film is a fictionalized version of Jon Ronson's 2004 book of the same title of an investigation into attempts by the U.S. military to employ psychic powers as a weapon.
The Men Who Stare at Goats (film)
The film premiered at the 66th Venice International Film Festival on September 8, 2009, and went on general release in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, and Italy on November 6, 2009.

Question: What was the other film starring Jeff Bridges, that was released in the same year as The Men Who Stare at Goats?
Answer: Crazy Heart
Wayback Machine
The Wayback Machine began archiving cached web pages in May 1996, with the goal of making the service public five years later. From 1996 to 2001, the information was kept on digital tape, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary in 2001, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. By the time the Wayback Machine launched, it already contained over 10 billion archived pages.

Question: What medium was originally used to keep Internet Archive's data?
Answer: digital tape