qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Great power
Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers.

Question: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?
Answer: UN Security Council
Timmy Lenox
Timmy Lenox is a fictional character from the NBC/DirecTV daytime drama "Passions" portrayed by Josh Ryan Evans. The actor died of a congenital heart defect the very day his character Timmy died on the show and donated his heart to Charity Standish.
Josh Ryan Evans
Joshua Ryan Evans (January 10, 1982 – August 5, 2002) was an American actor who became known for his role of Timmy Lenox in the soap opera "Passions". Though he was 17 years old when "Passions" debuted, Evans had the appearance and voice of a small child due to achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He was 3 ft tall.

Question: What genetic condition did the actor who died of a heart defect on the same day his character did have?
Answer: achondroplasia
Montana
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically met in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and lasted only until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and did not end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. No textbooks were used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but she later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.

Question: When was the first formal school on record?
Answer: 1862
Fallon Carrington
Fallon Carrington is a fictional character from the ABC television series "Dynasty" and its spin-off "The Colbys". Created by Richard and Esther Shapiro, the role of Fallon was originated by Pamela Sue Martin in the show's first episode in 1981, and Martin left at the end of the fourth season in 1984. Fallon was recast with Emma Samms in 1985, and the character was spun off onto a companion series called "The Colbys". After the cancellation of the second series, Fallon (portrayed by Samms) returned to "Dynasty" in 1987, and remained on the series until its finale in 1989. Samms later reprised the role for the 1991 miniseries "". Elizabeth Gillies plays Fallon in The CW's 2017 reboot series "Dynasty".
Elizabeth Gillies
Elizabeth Egan Gillies (born July 26, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Gillies made her Broadway debut at age 15 in the musical "13", playing the character of Lucy. She made her first television appearance in "The Black Donnellys" (2007), later starring as Jade West in the Nickelodeon series "Victorious" (2010–2013). From 2011 to 2015, she provided the voice of Daphne in Nickelodeon's "Winx Club", and she had a main role in the FX comedy series "Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll" (2015–2016). Since 2017, Gillies has starred as billionaire heiress and energy executive Fallon Carrington in The CW's series "Dynasty", a reboot of the 1980s series of the same name. She has also appeared in various feature and television films, including the horror film "Animal" (2014), the television film "Killing Daddy" (2014), the comedy film "Vacation" (2015), and the black comedy thriller film "Arizona" (2018).

Question: Elizabeth Gillies plays Fallon on what reboot?
Answer: Dynasty
LaserDisc
LaserDisc is a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks which make up each independent frame. The signal produced is dependent on the equipment used to master the disc. Signals range from composite and split, to YUV and RGB. Depending upon which format is used, this can result in far higher fidelity, particularly at strong color borders or regions of high detail (especially if there is moderate movement in the picture) and low-contrast details like skin tones, where comb filters almost inevitably smudge some detail.

Question: What device seperated the black and white and color signals in LaserDiscs?
Answer: the receiver
1928 Winter Olympics
The 1928 Winter Olympics, officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games ( ; ; ; ), were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated February 11–19, 1928 in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
1928 Winter Olympics
The 1928 Games were the first true "Winter Olympics" held on its own as they were not in conjunction with a "Summer Olympics". The preceding 1924 Games were retroactively renamed the inaugural Winter Olympics, though they had been in fact part of the 1924 Summer Olympics. All preceding Winter Events of the Olympic Games were the winter sports part of the schedule of the Summer Games, and not held as a separate Winter Games. These games also replaced the now redundant Nordic Games, that were held quadrennially since early in the century.
Sven-Olof Lundgren
Sven-Olof Lundgren (3 November 1908, in Örnsköldsvik – 26 March 1946) was a Swedish ski jumper. He participated at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, where he placed fifth.

Question: What was the name of the games that were replaced by the 1928 Winter Olympics which Sven-Olof Lundgren participated in?
Answer: Nordic Games
Saddleworth Moor
Saddleworth Moor is a moorland in North West England. Reaching more than 1312 ft above sea level, it is in the Dark Peak area of the Peak District National Park. It is crossed by the A635 road and the Pennine Way passes to its eastern side.
Suffer Little Children
"Suffer Little Children" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was included on "The Smiths" in February 1984 and as a B-side to the May 1984 single "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now".
Suffer Little Children
The song is about the Moors murders that took place on Saddleworth Moor, which overlooks Manchester, between 1963 and 1965. At the time of their deaths, many of the victims were only a few years older than Morrissey (born 1959), who wrote the lyrics of the song after reading a book about the murders, "" by Emlyn Williams.

Question: "Suffer Little Children" is about murders that took place in what National Park?
Answer: Peak District National Park
Merrimack, New Hampshire
Merrimack is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 25,494 at the 2010 census, and an estimated 25,660 in 2017, making it the ninth-largest municipality in New Hampshire.
Merrimack, New Hampshire
There are four villages in the town: Merrimack Village (formerly known as Souhegan Village), Thorntons Ferry, Reeds Ferry, and South Merrimack.
WFEA
WFEA (1370 AM 99.9 FM) is a talk radio station in Manchester, New Hampshire. WFEA's studios and offices are on N. Commercial St. in Manchester. Its AM transmitter is located in Merrimack at the location of its original studio building. Its signal is simulcast on translator station W260CF at 99.9 MHz. The FM transmitter is located on Mount Uncanoonuc in Goffstown.

Question: The transmitter for what station is located in New Hampshire?
Answer: WFEA
Super Nintendo Entertainment System
All versions of the Super NES are predominantly gray, of slightly different shades. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever. The loading bay surface is curved, both to invite interaction and to prevent food or drinks from being placed on the console and spilling as had happened with the flat surfaced NES. The Japanese and European versions are more rounded, with darker gray accents and buttons. The North American New-style Super NES (model SNS-101) and the Japanese Super Famicom Jr. (model SHVC-101), all designed by Barr, are both smaller with a rounded contour; however, the SNS-101 buttons are purple where the Super Famicom Jr. buttons are gray. The European and American versions of the SNES controllers have much longer cables compared to the Japanese Super Famicom controllers.

Question: What color were the North American SNES's buttons?
Answer: purple
New England Westinghouse Company
The New England Westinghouse Company is a former division of Westinghouse Electric. It was founded in 1915 in East Springfield, Massachusetts. Its primary purpose was to fulfill a contract to produce 1.8 million Mosin–Nagant rifles for Czar Nicholas II of Russia during World War I. In order to produce the rifles, they purchased the J Stevens Arms & Tool Company in Chicopee Falls, MA on 1 July 1916 and acquired all its holdings which included firearms and tool manufacturing facilities, and the Stevens-Duryea automobile factory. They sold the tool manufacturing portion of Stevens and shut down production of Stevens-Duryea automobiles and civilian firearms. The remaining Stevens firearms facility was renamed the J Stevens Arms Company and its machinery was retooled to meet the Mosin–Nagant contract. After some 770,000 rifles had been produced, the Czar was deposed in March 1917. Nonetheless, the Russian Embassy in Washington, D.C. still under the direction of Provisional Grovernment Ambassador Boris Bakhmeteff, made financial arrangements with the U.S. State Department and the U.S. Treasury Department on 20 December 1917 for National City Bank to make payments of $325,000 to the Remington Company for rifles and $2,075,000 to J.P. Morgan in connection with a Westinghouse arms contract. 
New England Westinghouse Company
The company entered hard times and started producing M1918 Browning Automatic Rifles at the former Stevens-Duryea factory that was originally constructed for car manufacturing in 1912. In 1920 they sold the J Stevens Arms Company to Savage Arms but kept the automobile factory for use producing commercial products for Westinghouse Electric. In 1921, the Stevens-Duryea factory was the location of the first broadcasts of WBZ (AM), the first commercial radio station in the United States.
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) is a family of American automatic rifles and machine guns used by the United States and numerous other countries during the 20th century. The primary variant of the BAR series was the M1918, chambered for the .30-06 Springfield rifle cartridge and designed by John Browning in 1917 for the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe as a replacement for the French-made Chauchat and M1909 Benét–Mercié machine guns that US forces had previously been issued.

Question: What is a family of United States automatic rifles (machine rifles) and light machine guns used by the United States, that were produced by a company at the former Stevens-Duryea factory that was originally constructed for car manufacturing in 1912?
Answer: Browning Automatic Rifle
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II ( ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the first "Doppelkaiser" (double emperor) in history.
Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand IV & III of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies) (1751–1825) and Marie Caroline of Austria (1752–1814).

Question: Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to who, that was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz?
Answer: Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rosario Dawson
Rosario Isabel Dawson (born May 9, 1979) is an American actress, singer and activist. She made her feature film debut in the 1995 independent drama "Kids". Her subsequent film roles include "He Got Game" (1998), "Josie and the Pussycats" (2001), "Men in Black II" (2002), "Rent" (2005), "Sin City" (2005), "Clerks II" (2006), "Death Proof" (2007), "Unstoppable" (2010), and "Top Five" (2014). Dawson has also provided voice-over work for Disney/Marvel, Warner Bros./DC Comics, and ViacomCBS' Nickelodeon unit.
Voto Latino
Voto Latino is a 501 (c) 4 nonprofit organization, in the United States founded in 2004. The organization's primary aim is to encourage young Hispanic and Latino voters to register to vote and become more politically involved. The organization was co-founded by Rosario Dawson, and Phil Colon. The current president is María Teresa Kumar.

Question: Which American actress who made their film debut in the 1995 teen drama "Kids" was the co-founder of Voto Latino?
Answer: Rosario Dawson
Frédéric Chopin
With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it "de rigueur" to faint in his room."

Question: In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence?
Answer: Place Vendôme 12
John, King of England
John's position in France was considerably strengthened by the victory at Mirebeau, but John's treatment of his new prisoners and of his ally, William de Roches, quickly undermined these gains. De Roches was a powerful Anjou noble, but John largely ignored him, causing considerable offence, whilst the King kept the rebel leaders in such bad conditions that twenty-two of them died. At this time most of the regional nobility were closely linked through kinship, and this behaviour towards their relatives was regarded as unacceptable. William de Roches and other of John's regional allies in Anjou and Brittany deserted him in favour of Philip, and Brittany rose in fresh revolt. John's financial situation was tenuous: once factors such as the comparative military costs of materiel and soldiers were taken into account, Philip enjoyed a considerable, although not overwhelming, advantage of resources over John.

Question: How was John's financial situation?
Answer: tenuous
Patrick Gaffney (anthropologist)
Patrick Daniel Gaffney (born 1947), is an American anthropologist, academic, translator, member of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the current Vice-Chancellor of Notre Dame University Bangladesh. He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago and has taught at the University of Notre Dame, USA, since 1980. For his academic work, he received Kaneb Teaching Award in 2001, and Reinhold Niebuhr Award in 2002. A polyglot fluent in Arabic, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and a competent reader in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Gaffney translated "Renaissance of the East" by Hans Fortmann in 1972 and "With Open Hands" by Henri Nouwen in 1973 from Dutch into English. An expert on Islam and Islamic culture, Gaffney authored "The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching in Contemporary Egypt" in 1994 and co-authored "Breaking Cycles of Violence: Conflict Prevention and Intrastate Crises" in 1999.
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1890, the school is located on a 217 acre campus in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is ranked among the top ten universities in the world by numerous major education publications.
University of Chicago
The university is composed of the undergraduate college as well as various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies, as well as the recently launched Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. The university has additional campuses and centers in London, Paris, Beijing, Delhi, and Hong Kong, as well as in downtown Chicago.

Question: What year was the university where Patrick Daniel Gaffney earned his PhD established?
Answer: 1890
Galicia (Spain)
The oldest attestation of human presence in Galicia has been found in the Eirós Cave, in the municipality of Triacastela, which has preserved animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic. The earliest culture to have left significant architectural traces is the Megalithic culture, which expanded along the western European coasts during the Neolithic and Calcolithic eras. Thousands of Megalithic tumuli are distributed throughout the country, but mostly along the coastal areas. Within each tumulus is a stone burial chamber known locally as "anta" (dolmen), frequently preceded by a corridor. Galicia was later influenced by the Bell Beaker culture. Its rich mineral deposits of tin and gold led to the development of Bronze Age metallurgy, and to the commerce of bronze and gold items all along the Atlantic coast of Western Europe. A shared elite culture evolved in this region during the Atlantic Bronze Age.

Question: What is the oldest culture whose structures have been found?
Answer: Megalithic
Lawrence Bragg
Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. He was joint recipient (with his father, William Henry Bragg) of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915, "For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-ray"; an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography.
Peter Hirsch
Sir Peter Bernhard Hirsch HonFRMS FRS (born 16 January 1925) is a figure in British materials science who has made fundamental contributions to the application of transmission electron microscopy to metals. Hirsch attended the Sloane School, Chelsea and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. In 1946 he joined the Crystallography Department of the Cavendish to work for a PhD on work hardening in metals under W.H. Taylor and Lawrence Bragg. He subsequently carried out work, which is still cited, on the structure of coal.

Question: When did Peter Hirsch work under an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer?
Answer: 1946
Ralph Steadman
Ralph Idris Steadman (born 15 May 1936) is a Welsh illustrator best known for his collaboration and friendship with the American writer Hunter S. Thompson. Steadman is renowned for his political and social caricatures, cartoons and picture books.
The Last Nightingale
The Last Nightingale is an album by various artists recorded and released in 1984 to raise money for striking coal miners in the 1984–85 UK miners' strike. It features Chris Cutler, Tim Hodgkinson and Lindsay Cooper from the English avant-rock group Henry Cow, singer and musician Robert Wyatt, and poet Adrian Mitchell. The cover artwork was done by British cartoonist and caricaturist Ralph Steadman.

Question: The Last Nightingale contained cover art done by an artist of what nationality?
Answer: Welsh
2005 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team
The 2005 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University during the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. They participated as members of the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Boone Pickens Stadium in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They were coached by head coach Mike Gundy.
Mike Gundy
Michael Ray Gundy (born August 12, 1967) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head football coach at Oklahoma State University. Gundy played college football at Oklahoma State, where he played quarterback from 1986 to 1989. He became Oklahoma State's coach on January 3, 2005.
Mike Gundy
At Midwest City High School, Gundy played quarterback, and was voted Oklahoma Player of the Year in 1986. His high school football coach was Dick Evans. Gundy was heavily recruited by the Oklahoma Sooners but in the end signed with the Oklahoma State University Cowboys. He became the starting quarterback midway through his freshman year. Gundy would become the all-time leading passer in Oklahoma State and Big Eight Conference history. In four seasons Gundy threw 49 touchdowns and 7,997 yards, including 2,106 yards in 1987 and 2,163 in 1988. He led the Cowboys to bowl wins in the 1987 Sun Bowl and 1988 Holiday Bowl aided by two Hall of Fame running backs: Thurman Thomas and Barry Sanders. He also led OSU to two 10-win seasons.

Question: Where did the team Mike Gundy coaches play their home games in 2005?
Answer: Boone Pickens Stadium
Patti Russo
Patricia "Patti" Russo (May 20, 1964, New Jersey) is an American singer/songwriter/actress. She is perhaps best known as Meat Loaf's former female lead vocalist as she toured the world with his band Neverland Express between 1993 and 2013. Since then, she has embarked on a solo career.
Meat Loaf
Michael Lee Aday (born Marvin Lee Aday, September 27, 1947), known professionally as Meat Loaf, is an American singer and actor. He is noted for his powerful, wide-ranging voice and for his theatrical live shows.

Question: What is the name of Michael Lee Aday's former female lead vocalist?
Answer: Patricia "Patti" Russo
Lunalilo
Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later. 
Lunalilo
Born to Kekāuluohi and High Chief Charles Kanaʻina, he was of royal descent and a grandnephew of King Kamehameha I. He was educated at the Royal School by American missionaries and was proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III. After the death of King Kamehameha V, he was elected to the throne in 1873 by a unanimous decision of the legislature of the kingdom. Due to his popularity and status as Hawaii's first elected monarch, he became known as "The People's King". He died a year later from tuberculosis. 
House of Keoua
The House of Keōua Nui "(Hale O Keōua Nui)", or simply House of Keōua, is the extended royal family of Ancient Hawaii from which the reigning family of Kamehameha I and Lunalilo were descended.

Question: Which reigning family's king descended form the House of Keōua Nui first name was William?
Answer: William Charles Lunalilo
Philadelphia
Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Museum of the American Revolution, the Philadelphia History Museum, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania in the Masonic Temple, and the Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks, founded in 1855.

Question: Name the archaeology museum?
Answer: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Breathing Your Love
"Breathing Your Love" is a song by the Swedish singer Darin featuring vocals by American singer Kat DeLuna and the first single from Darin's fourth studio album, "Flashback". The song is co-written by Darin with RedOne, Bilal Hajji and Novel was released to radio stations and as a digital download in Sweden on 8 October 2008. The single was released in Finland and is also the first single from Darin to be released in the United Kingdom, which it was in January 2010. In October 2009 Swedish astronaut Christer Fuglesang took 2 copies of the single into space with him, as his daughter is a Darin fan. A photo of the disc can be seen with earth in the distance on the official Darin website.
Christer Fuglesang
Arne Christer Fuglesang (born March 18, 1957 in Stockholm) is a Swedish physicist and an ESA astronaut. He was first launched aboard the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission on December 10, 2006, at 01:47 GMT, making him the first Swedish citizen in space.

Question: How many copies of a Darin song did the first Swedish citizen in space take with him?
Answer: 2 copies
Jacques Tourneur
Jacques Tourneur (] ; November 12, 1904 – December 19, 1977) was a French film director known for the classic film noir "Out of the Past" and a series of low-budget horror films he made for RKO Studios, including "Cat People", "I Walked with a Zombie", and "The Leopard Man". He is also known for directing "Night of the Demon", which was released by Columbia Pictures. While in Hollywood, he was usually addressed by his anglicized name "Jack Turner", a literal and phonetic translation of his name in English.
John Francis Dillon (director)
John Francis Dillon (July 13, 1884 – April 4, 1934) was an American film director and actor of the silent era. He directed 130 films between 1914 and 1934. He also appeared in 74 films between 1914 and 1931. He was born in New York, New York, was a brother of Robert A. Dillon, and died in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack.

Question: Jacques Tourneur and John Francis Dillon were both what?
Answer: film director
Chester Carlson
Chester Floyd Carlson (February 8, 1906 – September 19, 1968) was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney born in Seattle, Washington.
John Crout
John Shaw Crout (July 5, 1899 - October 31, 1987) was the Director of Engineering at Battelle Memorial Institute when, in 1944, Battelle was visited by Chester Carlson, in order to obtain support for his idea about a xerographic process.

Question: John Crout was visited by which physicist to obtain support about xerography?
Answer: Chester Floyd Carlson
20th Lumières Awards
The 20th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 2 February 2015, at the Espace Pierre Cardin in Paris. Nominations were announced on 12 January 2015. "Saint Laurent" garnered the most nominations with a total of five. "Timbuktu", "La Famille Bélier" and "Love at First Fight" won two awards each.
Saint Laurent (film)
Saint Laurent is a 2014 French biographical drama film co-written and directed by Bertrand Bonello, and starring Gaspard Ulliel as Yves Saint Laurent, Jérémie Renier as Pierre Bergé, and Louis Garrel as Jacques de Bascher. The supporting cast features Léa Seydoux, Amira Casar, Aymeline Valade, and Helmut Berger. The film centers on Saint Laurent's life from 1967 to 1976, during which time the famed fashion designer was at the peak of his career. The film competed for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and was released on 24 September 2014.

Question: What 2014 French biography film directed by Bertrand Bonello received the most nominations at the 20th Lumières Awards?
Answer: Saint Laurent
Trance music
Trance is a genre of electronic music that emerged from the British new-age music scene and the early 1990s German techno and hardcore scenes. At the same time trance music was developing in Europe, the genre was also gathering a following in the Indian state of Goa.
Trance music
Trance music is characterized by a tempo lying between 135–150 bpm (BPM), repeating melodic phrases and a musical form that distinctly builds tension and elements throughout a track often culminating in 1 to 2 "peaks" or "drops". Although trance is a genre of its own, it liberally incorporates influences from other musical styles such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, tech house, ambient and film music.
Scream 2 (Markus Schulz album)
Scream 2 is the fifth studio album by German trance producer & DJ Markus Schulz, released on 21 February 2014 by Armada Music.

Question: Scream 2 is the fifth studio album by German trance producer & DJ Markus Schulz, released on which date, by Armada Music?
Answer: 21 February 2014
Boyd Gaming
Boyd Gaming Corporation is an American gaming and hospitality company based in Paradise, Nevada. The company continues to be run by founder Sam Boyd's family under the management of Sam's son, Bill Boyd (born 1931), who currently serves as the company's executive chairman after retiring as CEO in January 2008.
Suncoast Hotel and Casino
Suncoast is a hotel and casino located at 9090 Alta Drive in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. The hotel, located on a 50 acre site, contains 432 rooms and has a 95898 sqft casino, as well as a movie theater, bowling alley and convention space.

Question: Suncoast hotel and casino is owned and operated by which American gaming and hospitality company based in Paradise, Nevada?
Answer: Boyd Gaming
Judge Judy
Judge Judy is an American reality court show presided over by Judy Sheindlin. The show features Sheindlin adjudicating real-life small-claim disputes within a simulated courtroom set. Prior to the proceedings, all involved parties sign arbitration contracts agreeing to Sheindlin's ruling, handling, and production staff management. The show airs in first-run syndication, distributed by CBS Television Distribution.
WLAX
WLAX, virtual channel 25 (UHF digital channel 33), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States and serving Western Wisconsin. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group. WLAX's studios are located at Interchange Place in La Crosse at the intersection of I-90/US 53/WIS 35 and Rose Street (hence the postal address name), and its transmitter is located in La Crescent, Minnesota near the studios of ABC affiliate WXOW (channel 19). 
WLAX
WEUX (virtual channel 48, UHF digital channel 21) in Chippewa Falls operates as a full-time satellite of WLAX, serving Eau Claire and the Chippewa Valley. WEUX maintains a news bureau and advertising sales office on WIS 93 in Eau Claire along the US 53 and Business US 53/Hastings Way interchange, and its transmitter is located southeast of Colfax, along the Dunn–Chippewa county line.

Question: What long-running American arbitration-based reality court show airs on WLAX?
Answer: Judge Judy
Edward Elgar
Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, ( ; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestral works including the "Enigma Variations", the "Pomp and Circumstance Marches", concertos for violin and cello, and two symphonies. He also composed choral works, including "The Dream of Gerontius", chamber music and songs. He was appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1924.
There are seven that pull the thread
”There are seven that pull the thread” is a song with words by W. B. Yeats, and music written by the English composer Edward Elgar in 1901.
There are seven that pull the thread
The song is from Act I of a play "Grania and Diarmid" co-written in poetic prose by Yeats and the Irish novelist George Moore. This song and the incidental music that Elgar wrote for the play form his Op. 42.

Question: The writer of the music for the song ”There are seven that pull the thread” was appointed Master of the King's Musick in what year?
Answer: 1924
Rule of law
Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics. For instance, such theorists claim that law requires generality (general rules that apply to classes of persons and behaviors as opposed to individuals), publicity (no secret laws), prospective application (little or no retroactive laws), consistency (no contradictory laws), equality (applied equally throughout all society), and certainty (certainty of application for a given situation), but formalists contend that there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, including a few legal theorists, believe that the rule of law necessarily entails protection of individual rights. Within legal theory, these two approaches to the rule of law are seen as the two basic alternatives, respectively labelled the formal and substantive approaches. Still, there are other views as well. Some believe that democracy is part of the rule of law.

Question: According to some legal theorists, for what are there no requirements for something to be considered a law?
Answer: content
Phonograph record
Tonearm skating forces and other perturbations are also picked up by the stylus. This is a form of frequency multiplexing as the control signal (restoring force) used to keep the stylus in the groove is carried by the same mechanism as the sound itself. Subsonic frequencies below about 20 Hz in the audio signal are dominated by tracking effects, which is one form of unwanted rumble ("tracking noise") and merges with audible frequencies in the deep bass range up to about 100 Hz. High fidelity sound equipment can reproduce tracking noise and rumble. During a quiet passage, woofer speaker cones can sometimes be seen to vibrate with the subsonic tracking of the stylus, at frequencies as low as just above 0.5 Hz (the frequency at which a 33 ⁄  rpm record turns on the turntable; ⁄  Hz exactly on an ideal turntable). Another reason for very low frequency material can be a warped disk: its undulations produce frequencies of only a few hertz and present day amplifiers have large power bandwidths. For this reason, many stereo receivers contained a switchable subsonic filter. Some subsonic content is directly out of phase in each channel. If played back on a mono subwoofer system, the noise will cancel, significantly reducing the amount of rumble that is reproduced.

Question: What would be a cause of low frequency sounds when listening?
Answer: warped disk
Sunrise Avenue
Sunrise Avenue is a Finnish rock band originally formed in 2002 in Helsinki, Finland. In the early days, the band was called Sunrise and the name was changed to Sunrise Avenue in 2003. Their style varies from rock and pop-rock to rock ballads. The band has sold more than 2,000,000 albums and 2,000,000 singles and played several tours and more than a thousand shows in twenty European countries and Japan. Sunrise Avenue's best known songs are "Hollywood Hills" (2011), "Fairytale Gone Bad" (2006), "Forever Yours" (2007), "The Whole Story" (2009), "Heal Me" (2007), "Welcome To My Life" (2009), and "Heartbreak Century" (2017). The band has released five studio albums, two live albums, three live DVDs, a best-of album and 21 singles. They are successful and known across continental Europe, especially their home country and Germany as well as some Eastern European countries. On 2 December 2019 they announced their intention to disband in 2020, with the release of one final single and tour for 2020.
Shellac (band)
Shellac is an American post-hardcore band from Chicago, Illinois, composed of Steve Albini (guitar and vocals), Bob Weston (bass guitar and vocals) and Todd Trainer (drums and vocals) and formed in 1992. Their music genre has been classified as post-hardcore and noise rock but they describe themselves as a "minimalist rock trio."

Question: Which band describes themselves as a "minimalist rock trio", Sunrise Avenue or Shellac?
Answer: Shellac
American Idol
"American Idol" was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.

Question: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?
Answer: Idol Gives Back
Nintendo Entertainment System
The NES Test Station's front features a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to choose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it.

Question: How large was the typical television recommended for the device?
Answer: typically 11" to 14"
Elizabeth II
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led, in 1957, to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965 the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

Question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?
Answer: 1965
Hydrogen
In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "inflammable air". He speculated that "inflammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called "phlogiston" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for the discovery of hydrogen as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek ὑδρο- "hydro" meaning "water" and -γενής "genes" meaning "creator") when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned.
Hydrogen
Lavoisier produced hydrogen for his experiments on mass conservation by reacting a flux of steam with metallic iron through an incandescent iron tube heated in a fire. Anaerobic oxidation of iron by the protons of water at high temperature can be schematically represented by the set of following reactions:

Question: What does gas produce when burned?
Answer: water
Black Madam
Black Madam (real name: Padge-Victoria Windslowe, born Forrest Gordon) is a gothic rapper, unlicensed cosmetic surgeon, and former brothel madam from the United Kingdom, currently on trial for allegedly killing a London breakdancer, Claudia Aderotimi, with an unsafe buttocks injection. The injection involved low-grade industrial silicone, which reportedly leaked through Aderotimi's blood into her liver, brain, and lungs. Windslowe has reportedly also performed buttocks injections on a large number of celebrity clients including Amber Rose and "a lot of girls from VH1". Madam testified that Rose was "like a walking billboard" and that Windslowe was referred to as "the Michelangelo of butt injections". She was reportedly also scheduled to operate on Nicki Minaj, but that ended up being cancelled. She also claimed to have operated on the girlfriends of Chris Brown and Mario (singer), and on herself. Madam underwent a sex change in Ecuador in 1994.
Amber Rose
Amber Levonchuck (born October 21, 1983), known professionally as Amber Rose, is an American model, television personality, and actress.

Question: Black Madam reportedly performed buttocks injections on which American model and actress? 
Answer: Amber Rose
Point of Order (film)
Point of Order! is a 1964 documentary film by Emile de Antonio, about the Senate Army–McCarthy hearings of 1954.
In the Basement (film)
In the Basement ("Im Keller") is a 2014 Austrian documentary film directed by Ulrich Seidl about people and their obsessions, and what they do in their basements in their free time. It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.

Question: Which documentary, Point of Order! or In the Basement is about the Senate Army–McCarthy hearings of 1954?
Answer: Point of Order!
Asphalt
Canadian bitumen does not differ substantially from oils such as Venezuelan extra-heavy and Mexican heavy oil in chemical composition, and the real difficulty is moving the extremely viscous bitumen through oil pipelines to the refinery. Many modern oil refineries are extremely sophisticated and can process non-upgraded bitumen directly into products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and refined asphalt without any preprocessing. This is particularly common in areas such as the US Gulf coast, where refineries were designed to process Venezuelan and Mexican oil, and in areas such as the US Midwest where refineries were rebuilt to process heavy oil as domestic light oil production declined. Given the choice, such heavy oil refineries usually prefer to buy bitumen rather than synthetic oil because the cost is lower, and in some cases because they prefer to produce more diesel fuel and less gasoline. By 2015 Canadian production and exports of non-upgraded bitumen exceeded that of synthetic crude oil at over 1.3 Moilbbl per day, of which about 65% was exported to the United States.

Question: What industry is capable of refining bitumen directly into gasoline without preprocessing?
Answer: modern oil refineries
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout. The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country. Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a grid plan of nine square blocks; the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the city green (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America. As in other cities, many of the elms that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to Dutch Elm disease, although many have since been replanted. The New Haven Green is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city. The Green remains the social center of the city today. It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

Question: What public area in New Haven was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970?
Answer: New Haven Green
Gianni Rivera
Giovanni "Gianni" Rivera (] ; born 18 August 1943, in Alessandria) is an Italian politician and former footballer who played as a midfielder. During his career as a footballer he was mostly utilised as an attacking midfielder.
Gianni Rivera
Dubbed Italy's "Golden Boy" by the media, he played the majority of his club career with Italian side A.C. Milan, after beginning his career with hometown club Alessandria in 1959. After joining Milan in 1960, he enjoyed a highly successful career in domestic and European football, winning three Serie A titles and two European Cups, among several other trophies, and also serving as the team's captain for twelve seasons.
Beniamino Vignola
Beniamino Vignola (born 12 June 1959 in Verona) is an Italian former footballer and entrepreneur, who played as a midfielder. He notably played for Juventus and was part of their European Cup victory in 1985. A small, quick, mobile, agile, and creative player, with excellent technical ability and a slender physique, he usually played as a central or attacking midfielder; considered a promising talent, he was compared to Gianni Rivera as a youngster.

Question: What position do both Beniamino Vignola and Gianni Rivera play in football?
Answer: midfielder
2011 Minnesota Vikings season
The 2011 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 51st in the National Football League, and the first full season under head coach Leslie Frazier, who served as the team's interim head coach for the final six games of the 2010 season. The team failed to improve on their 6–10 record from 2010, going 2–6 before their bye week, before being eliminated from playoff contention in week 12 with a 2–9 record. The team also suffered its first six-game losing streak since the 1984 season.
2011 Minnesota Vikings season
The team started the season with a new starting quarterback, Donovan McNabb, who had enjoyed great success with the Eagles but had a subpar year with the Redskins in 2010. McNabb played respectably, having a passer rating of 82.9 and only turning the ball over twice, but his 1–5 record as starter led to him being benched in favor of rookie Christian Ponder in Week 6, and McNabb was later waived on December 1, 2011. Despite a poor year for the team as a whole, Jared Allen set a franchise record for most sacks in a season with 22. The team led the league in sacks with 50, but also tied a team record for fewest interceptions caught in a season with only eight.
Christian Ponder
Christian Andrew Ponder (born February 25, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played for the Minnesota Vikings, Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings with the 12th overall pick in the 2011 NFL Draft and started the majority of games for them from 2011 to 2013. He played college football at Florida State University and was the Seminoles starting quarterback from 2008 to 2010.

Question: Donovan McNabb was benched in favor of which former Florida State University College football player?
Answer: Christian Ponder