qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Age of Enlightenment
The target audience of natural history was French polite society, evidenced more by the specific discourse of the genre than by the generally high prices of its works. Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for erudition – many texts had an explicit instructive purpose. However, natural history was often a political affair. As Emma Spary writes, the classifications used by naturalists "slipped between the natural world and the social ... to establish not only the expertise of the naturalists over the natural, but also the dominance of the natural over the social". The idea of taste ("le goût") was a social indicator: to truly be able to categorize nature, one had to have the proper taste, an ability of discretion shared by all members of polite society. In this way natural history spread many of the scientific developments of the time, but also provided a new source of legitimacy for the dominant class. From this basis, naturalists could then develop their own social ideals based on their scientific works.

Question: Who was the target audience of natural history?
Answer: French polite society
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite. A number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Armenian music, Arabic music, and Persian music. Compositionally, it is organised around rhythmic units called usul, which are somewhat similar to meter in Western music, and melodic units called makam, which bear some resemblance to Western musical modes.

Question: What are the melodic units used by Ottoman classical music?
Answer: makam
Alloy
Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold, and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hardest of these metals, and the most widely distributed. It became one of the most important metals to the ancients. Around 10,000 years ago in the highlands of Anatolia (Turkey), humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore. Around 2500 BC, people began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which was much harder than its ingredients. Tin was rare, however, being found mostly in Great Britain. In the Middle East, people began alloying copper with zinc to form brass. Ancient civilizations took into account the mixture and the various properties it produced, such as hardness, toughness and melting point, under various conditions of temperature and work hardening, developing much of the information contained in modern alloy phase diagrams. For example, arrowheads from the Chinese Qin dynasty (around 200 BC) were often constructed with a hard bronze-head, but a softer bronze-tang, combining the alloys to prevent both dulling and breaking during use.

Question: Which metal important to the ancients is the hardest one?
Answer: Copper
Age of Enlightenment
The context for the rise of the public sphere was the economic and social change commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution: "Economic expansion, increasing urbanization, rising population and improving communications in comparison to the stagnation of the previous century". Rising efficiency in production techniques and communication lowered the prices of consumer goods and increased the amount and variety of goods available to consumers (including the literature essential to the public sphere). Meanwhile, the colonial experience (most European states had colonial empires in the 18th century) began to expose European society to extremely heterogeneous cultures, leading to the breaking down of "barriers between cultural systems, religious divides, gender differences and geographical areas".

Question: Was the variety of goods available to consumers increased or decreased by the economic and social change of the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: increased
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI ( ; ; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ] ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements.

Question: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope?
Answer: 21 June 1963
Hines Ward
Hines Edward Ward Jr. (born March 8, 1976) is an American-South Korean football coach and former wide receiver who is an offensive assistant for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Georgia and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the third round of the 1998 NFL Draft. Ward played his entire professional career for the Steelers and he became the team's all-time leader in receptions, receiving yardage and touchdown receptions. Ward was voted MVP of Super Bowl XL and upon retirement was one of eleven NFL players to have at least 1,000 career receptions.
Korea American Football Association
The Korea American Football Association (KAFA, Korean: 대한미식축구협회, Hanja: 大韓美式蹴球協會) has existed in South Korea for more than 70 years. The popularity of American football in Korea has been historically low, but with the visit of Hines Ward (a Korean born NFL football star with the Pittsburgh Steelers) in 2006, the sport received a modest level of increased appeal. Within Korea, KAFA is a sports governing body over both traditional football with pads and also flag football.

Question: The Korea American Football Association, has existed in South Korea for more than 20 years, the popularity of American football in Korea has been historically low, but with the visit of Hines Edward Ward Jr.a Korean born NFL football star, and television personality, with the Pittsburgh Steelers, in what year, the sport received a modest level of increased appeal?
Answer: 2006
Everton F.C.
Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League Championship. In 1966 the club won the FA Cup with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time was unable to overcome West Bromwich Albion at Wembley. Two seasons later in 1969–70, Everton won the League Championship, finishing nine points clear of nearest rivals Leeds United. During this period, Everton was the first English club to achieve five consecutive years in European competitions – covering the seasons from 1961–62 to 1966–67.

Question: In what year did Everton win the FA cup in a 3-2 win over Sheffield?
Answer: 1966
Elizabeth II
In August 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris. The Queen was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral. Diana's two sons by Charles—Princes William and Harry—wanted to attend church and so the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh took them that morning. Afterwards, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private, but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral. In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes. As a result, much of the public hostility evaporated.

Question: What incident killed Diana in Paris?
Answer: car crash
Somalis
Xeer is defined by a few fundamental tenets that are immutable and which closely approximate the principle of "jus cogens" in international law: payment of blood money (locally referred to as "diya" or "mag"), assuring good inter-clan relations by treating women justly, negotiating with "peace emissaries" in good faith, and sparing the lives of socially protected groups (e.g. children, women, the pious, poets and guests), family obligations such as the payment of dowry, and sanctions for eloping, rules pertaining to the management of resources such as the use of pasture land, water, and other natural resources, providing financial support to married female relatives and newlyweds, donating livestock and other assets to the poor. The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find "odayal" (judges), "xeer boggeyaal" (jurists), "guurtiyaal" (detectives), "garxajiyaal" (attorneys), "murkhaatiyal" (witnesses) and "waranle" (police officers) to enforce the law.

Question: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?
Answer: garxajiyaal
CNCO
CNCO is a Latin American boy band formed on the first season of "La Banda". The group is composed of Joel Pimentel, Richard Camacho, Erick Brian Colón, Christopher Vélez, and Zabdiel De Jesús. They won a five-year recording contract with Sony Music Latin after becoming the winning competitors of the first season of "La Banda." The band toured with Ricky Martin. Their debut and second singles "Tan Fácil" and "Quisiera", charted well soon after their debut. They released their first album, "Primera Cita" on August 26, 2016, which included the hit "Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)".
Todo cambió (Becky G song)
"Todo Cambió " is a song by Mexican-American singer Becky G. It was released on March 3, 2017 by Kemosabe Records and RCA Records as the intended third single from her then forthcoming Spanish debut album. Gomez released two remixes: the first featuring boy band CNCO and the second with Justin Quiles. The song was later scrapped along with two other singles, while her debut album was released in 2019.

Question: What year saw the release of the first album by the boy band featured in a remix of Todo Cambio?
Answer: 2016
Lafayette College
Lafayette College is a private liberal arts college based in Easton, Pennsylvania, with a small satellite campus in New York City. Founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter and other citizens in Easton, the school first held classes in 1832. The founders voted to name the school after General Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution who famously toured the country in 1824–25, as "a testimony of respect for [his] talents, virtues, and signal services... in the great cause of freedom".
Bill Coughlin
William Paul Coughlin (July 12, 1878 – May 7, 1943), was a Major League Baseball third baseman for the Washington Senators (1901–1904) and Detroit Tigers (1904–1908). Coughlin spent his entire adult life (1899–1943) playing and coaching baseball, as a major league player, minor league coach, and spending his last 23 years as the head baseball coach at Lafayette College, in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Question: When was the school founded in which William Paul Coughlin spend his last 23 years as the head baseball coach?
Answer: 1826
Israel
In 2012, Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. The Israel Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals, and have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites. Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. Shavit is a space launch vehicle produced by Israel to launch small satellites into low Earth orbit. It was first launched in 1988, making Israel the eighth nation to have a space launch capability. In 2003, Ilan Ramon became Israel's first astronaut, serving as payload specialist of STS-107, the fatal mission of the Space Shuttle "Columbia".

Question: When did Israel launch it's first satellite?
Answer: 1988
New York City
The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of April 2016, 69% of registered voters in the city are Democrats and 10% are Republicans. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City, sweeping all five boroughs. Party platforms center on affordable housing, education, and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city. Thirteen out of 27 U.S. congressional districts in the State of New York include portions of New York City.

Question: In what year was the last presidential election when a Republican won New York City?
Answer: 1924
Computer
The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious. By the 1950s, the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remained in use during the 1950s in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

Question: Where was the differential analyzer built by H.L. Hazen?
Answer: MIT
Krusty Gets Busted
"Krusty Gets Busted" is the twelfth episode of "The Simpsons"' first season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 29, 1990. The episode was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky, and directed by Brad Bird. In the episode, Krusty the Clown is convicted of armed robbery of the Kwik-E-Mart and sentenced to jail. Convinced that Krusty has been framed, Bart and Lisa investigate the crime and learn that Krusty's sidekick, Sideshow Bob, is the culprit.
Sideshow Bob
Robert Underdunk Terwilliger Jr., PhD, better known as Sideshow Bob, is a recurring character in the animated television series "The Simpsons." He is voiced by Kelsey Grammer and first appeared briefly in the episode "The Telltale Head". Bob is a self-proclaimed genius who is a graduate of Yale University, a member of the Republican Party, and a champion of high culture. He began his career as a sidekick on Krusty the Clown's television show, but after enduring constant abuse, Bob attempted to frame his employer for armed robbery in "Krusty Gets Busted". The plan was foiled by his arch-enemy, Bart Simpson, and Sideshow Bob was sent to prison.
Sideshow Bob
Bob made his second major appearance in season three's "Black Widower"; the writers echoed the premise of the Coyote chasing the Road Runner by having Bob unexpectedly insert himself into Bart's life, threatening to disrupt – and sometimes end – it. In each appearance thereafter, Bob has assumed the role on "The Simpsons" of an evil genius. Episodes in which he is a central character typically involve Sideshow Bob being released from prison and executing an elaborate revenge plan, usually foiled by Bart and Lisa. His plans often involve murder and destruction, usually targeted at Bart or, less often, Krusty, though these plans often involve targeting the entire Simpson family. In 2015, however, during the "Treehouse of Horror" segment, "Wanted: Dead, Then Alive", Bob finally gets his wish of killing Bart, commenting that he spent 24 years trying to kill a ten-year-old child; however, he becomes bored with Bart dead, so he brings him back to life so that he can repeatedly kill Bart over and over again.

Question: What business did Sideshow Bob frame Krusty the Clown for robbing, in the episode, "Krusty Gets Busted"?
Answer: Kwik-E-Mart
Federal Aviation Administration
The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision) prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower.

Question: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?
Answer: 1958
Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez
The Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez is a 4.304 km motorsport race track in Mexico City, Mexico, named after the racing drivers Ricardo and Pedro Rodríguez. The circuit got its name shortly after it opened when Ricardo Rodríguez died in practice for the non-Championship 1962 Mexican Grand Prix. Ricardo's brother Pedro also lost his life behind the wheel nine years later. Since 2015 the track once again is a host of the Formula One Mexican Grand Prix, an event it previously hosted in two separate time periods on a different layout, the last occasion of which was in 1992.
1989 Mexican Grand Prix
The 1989 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City on 28 May 1989. The race, contested over 69 laps, was the fourth race of the 1989 Formula One season and was won from pole position by Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda, with Riccardo Patrese second in a Williams-Renault and Michele Alboreto third in a Tyrrell-Ford.

Question: Who won the Formula One motor race in May of 1989 that was held at the race track in Mexico City named after racing drivers Ricardo and Pedro Rodríguez?
Answer: Ayrton Senna
Myanmar
There is consensus that the former military regime in Myanmar (1962–2010) was one of the world's most repressive and abusive regimes. In November 2012, Samantha Power, Barack Obama's Special Assistant to the President on Human Rights, wrote on the White House blog in advance of the president's visit that "Serious human rights abuses against civilians in several regions continue, including against women and children." Members of the United Nations and major international human rights organisations have issued repeated and consistent reports of widespread and systematic human rights violations in Myanmar. The United Nations General Assembly has repeatedly called on the Burmese Military Junta to respect human rights and in November 2009 the General Assembly adopted a resolution "strongly condemning the ongoing systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms" and calling on the Burmese Military Regime "to take urgent measures to put an end to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law."

Question: Who is Samantha Power?
Answer: Barack Obama's Special Assistant to the President on Human Rights
CBC Television
All CBC television stations, including those in major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are "CB" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is "T". Only the third letter varies from market to market; however, that letter is typically the same as the third letter of the CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 stations in the same market. An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with "CF" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting.

Question: What station does not identify itself by its call letters?
Answer: Toronto's CBLT
Bust (magazine)
Bust is a women's lifestyle magazine that is published six times a year. The magazine is published by Debbie Stoller and Laurie Henzel.
Redbook
Redbook is an American women's magazine that is published by the Hearst Corporation. It is one of the "Seven Sisters", a group of women's service magazines.

Question: Are both Redbook and Bust targeted towards women?
Answer: yes
Tyrann Mathieu
Tyrann Devine Mathieu ( ; born May 13, 1992), nicknamed "The Honey Badger" and "The Landlord", is an American football safety for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Louisiana State University (LSU). In college he developed a reputation for causing turnovers, setting a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record with 11 career forced fumbles and earning the nickname "Honey Badger." In his sophomore season, he was recognized as a consensus All-American, won the Chuck Bednarik Award as the best defensive player in college football, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. Mathieu was dismissed from the LSU football program after that season due to a violation of team rules.
Alex Guerrero (lineman)
Alex Guerrero (born February 16, 1984) is former American football offensive and defensive lineman. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Boise State. He played the 2009 season with the Boise Burn of af2, and in the 2010 season with the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League.

Question: Alex Guerrero (born February 16, 1984) is former American football offensive and defensive lineman, his clients include Arizona Cardinals cornerback Patrick Peterson and which American football safety for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League?
Answer: Tyrann Devine Mathieu
Green on Red
Green on Red was an American rock band, formed in the Tucson, Arizona punk scene, but based for most of its career in Los Angeles, California, where it was loosely associated with the Paisley Underground. Earlier records have the wide-screen psychedelic sound of first-wave desert rock, while later releases tended more towards traditional country rock.
The Zolas
The Zolas are a Canadian indie rock band based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are signed to Light Organ Records. The core of the band is duo Zachary Gray (vocals/guitar) and Tom Dobrzanski (piano), with other musicians supporting them live and on record.

Question: Are two rock bands, Green on Red and The Zolas, both American bands?
Answer: no
Nicco Park
Nicco Park is an amusement park located in Jheel Meel, Sector - IV of Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 
Jagdish Narain Sapru
Jagdish Narain Sapru (16 November 1933 – 8 May 2007) was the former chairman of ITC Limited, BOC India, DIC India (Formerly Coates of India), Nicco Park, and the Indian Chamber of Commerce. He was also the president of the Tollygunge Club, a prestigious golf club in Kolkata. Sapru was voted as one of the 'CEOs who Rock' by Asia Africa Intelligence Wire in 2003 and was also an honorary fellow of the All India Management Association. He was the grandson of the eminent Indian lawyer, political, and social leader Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru,

Question: What Indian amusement park did Jagdish Narain Sapru serve as the chairman of?
Answer: Nicco Park
Coal Creek War
The Coal Creek War was an early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County, Tennessee. This labor conflict ignited during 1891 when coal mine owners in the Coal Creek watershed began to remove and replace their company-employed, private coal miners then on the payroll with convict laborers leased out by the Tennessee state prison system.
John P. Buchanan
John Price Buchanan (October 24, 1847May 14, 1930) was an American politician and farmers' advocate. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893, and was president of the Tennessee Farmers' Alliance and Laborers' Union in the late 1880s. Buchanan's lone term as governor was largely marred by the Coal Creek War, an armed uprising by coal miners aimed at ending the state's convict lease system.

Question: John Price Buchanan, was an American politician and farmers' advocate, Buchanan's lone term as governor was largely marred by which early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County, Tennessee?
Answer: Coal Creek War
Air Force Space and Missile Museum
The Air Force Space and Missile Museum is located at Launch Complex 26 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. It includes artifacts from the early American space program and includes an outdoor area displaying rockets, missiles, and space-related equipment chronicling the space and missile history of the US Air Force and other military branches.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) (known as Cape Kennedy Air Force Station from 1963 to 1973) is an installation of the United States Space Force's 45th Space Wing.

Question: Which wing was the Air Force Station located at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum in?
Answer: 45th Space Wing
Canon law
The Catholic Church also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Holy See and the Latin Church:

Question: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: full union
Dry Tortugas National Park
Dry Tortugas National Park is a national park in the United States about 68 mi west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico. The park preserves Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs.
Dry Tortugas Ferry to Fort Jefferson
The Dry Tortugas Ferry to Fort Jefferson is a visitor attraction in Key West, Florida. Service is provided by the "Yankee Freedom III", a high-speed Incat-designed catamaran that takes visitors on the almost 70 mi trip out to Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas National Park. The service is a licensed National Park Service concessioner, and the only provider of scheduled ferry access to the Dry Tortugas for a ten-year term through 2020.

Question: The Dry Tortugas Ferry to Fort Jefferson is a visitor attraction in Key West, Florida, service is provided by the "Yankee Freedom III", a high-speed Incat-designed catamaran that takes visitors on the almost 70 mi trip out to Fort Jefferson in Dry Tortugas National Park, a national park in the United States about 68 mi west of Key West in which location?
Answer: Gulf of Mexico
Myanmar
According to 2014 census, 6.2% of the population identifies as Christian; 4.3% as Muslim; 0.8% as followers of tribal religions; 0.5% as Hindus; 0.2% as followers of other religions; and 0.1% follow no religion. According to the 2010 estimates of the Pew Research Center, 7% of the population is Christian; 4% is Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages.

Question: How many dialects are the publications distributed by the Jehovah Witness available in ?
Answer: 16 languages
BeiDou
The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass-M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the "I" signals components. The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the "I" signals on E2 and E5B.

Question: Who built the COMPASS receiver?
Answer: a group of engineers at Septentrio
Todd Haynes
Todd Haynes ( ; born January 2, 1961) is an American filmmaker. He is considered a pioneer of the New Queer Cinema movement of filmmaking that emerged in the early 1990s. Haynes first gained public attention with his controversial short film "" (1987), which chronicles singer Karen Carpenter's tragic life and death, using Barbie dolls as actors. Haynes had not obtained proper licensing to use the Carpenters' music, prompting a lawsuit from Richard Carpenter, whom the film portrayed in an unflattering light, banning the film's distribution. "Superstar" became a cult classic.
Doris Dörrie
Doris Dörrie (] ( ) ; born 26 May 1955) is a German film director, producer and author.

Question: Are Doris Dörrie and Todd Haynes both German?
Answer: no
Avicenna
The Necessary exists 'due-to-Its-Self', and has no quiddity/essence ("mahiyya") other than existence ("wujud"). Furthermore, It is 'One' ("wahid ahad") since there cannot be more than one 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' without differentia (fasl) to distinguish them from each other. Yet, to require differentia entails that they exist 'due-to-themselves' as well as 'due to what is other than themselves'; and this is contradictory. However, if no differentia distinguishes them from each other, then there is no sense in which these 'Existents' are not one and the same. Avicenna adds that the 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' has no genus ("jins"), nor a definition ("hadd"), nor a counterpart ("nadd"), nor an opposite ("did"), and is detached ("bari") from matter ("madda"), quality ("kayf"), quantity ("kam"), place ("ayn"), situation ("wad"), and time ("waqt").

Question: What is something that the necessary does not have?
Answer: a definition
Sukanya (actress)
Sukanya is a Bharatnatyam dancer, film actress, music composer and voice actor. She has acted in Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu films. She started her acting career in 1991. She travels widely giving dance performances. She has also composed two devotional albums namely Azhagu and Thirupathi Thirukudai Thiruvizha.
Sakkarai Devan
Sakkarai Devan is a 1993 Tamil-language action drama film, directed by J. Panneer and produced by A. S. Ibrahim Rawuthar. The film stars Vijayakanth, Sukanya, Kanaka and M. N. Nambiar in lead roles. The film had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja. The film opened to positive reviews. It was dubbed in Telugu as "Dheerudu Magadheerudu".

Question: Which actress composed two Vaishnava devotional albums namely ""Azhagu"" and ""Thirupathi Thirukudai Thiruvizha and acted in (Tamil: சக்கரை தேவன்) in 1993 ?
Answer: Sukanya
Beyoncé
LeToya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time. The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award, and she feared no one would take her seriously. Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it. Franklin was then dismissed, leaving just Beyoncé, Rowland, and Williams.

Question: Who supported Beyonce through her depression?
Answer: her mother
Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia. It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary and is now one of the largest universities in Virginia with an enrollment of 24,176 students for the 2019 academic year. Old Dominion University is also home to over 700 international students from 89 different countries. Its main campus covers over 251 acre straddling the city neighborhoods of Larchmont, Highland Park, and Lambert's Point, approximately 5 mi from Downtown Norfolk.
California State University, Long Beach
California State University, Long Beach (CSULB, Long Beach State, Cal State Long Beach, LBSU, or The Beach) is a public university in Long Beach, California. The 322-acre campus is the third largest of the 23-school California State University system (CSU) and one of the largest universities in the state of California by enrollment, its student body numbering 37,776 for the Fall 2016 semester. The university continues to receive record numbers of applicants; for Fall 2018, it received 102,879 undergraduate applications—the most of any CSU campus. The school has a 28% acceptance rate. In 2017, 17,650 out of 63,048 applicants were admitted making Cal State Long Beach a highly competitive school to get into. As of Fall 2014, the school had 2,283 total faculty, with 36.7 percent of those faculty on the tenure track. With 5,286 graduate students, the university enrolls one of the largest graduate student populations across the CSU system and in the state of California. The university is located in the Los Altos neighborhood of Long Beach at the southeastern coastal tip of Los Angeles County, less than one mile from the border with Orange County. The university offers 82 different Bachelor's degrees, 65 types of Master's degrees, and four Doctoral degrees.

Question: Are California State University, Long Beach and Old Dominion University both located in California?
Answer: no
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5200000 acres of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

Question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?
Answer: hunting
2006 Football League Trophy Final
The 2006 Football League Trophy Final was an association football match played on 2 April 2006 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. The match was the 23rd final of the Football League Trophy, the domestic cup competition for teams from Football Leagues One and Two. The final was contested between Swansea City of League One and Carlisle United of League Two. Swansea were appearing in their second Football League Trophy final, having won the 1994 competition, while Carlisle were appearing in their fourth final, having lost in the 1995 and 2003 finals and won the 1997 final. 
2006 Football League Trophy Final
Both sides had progressed through five rounds to reach the final based on their location, Carlisle in the northern section of the draw and Swansea in the southern section. Carlisle required extra-time on three occasions during their run to the final, including a 22-man penalty shoot-out victory over Tranmere Rovers in the northern area quarter-finals. Karl Hawley was their top goalscorer in the tournament, scoring four times en route to the final. Swansea twice required extra-time to progress in their matches, while Andy Robinson led the team with five goals in the competition. 
Adebayo Akinfenwa
Saheed Adebayo Akinfenwa (born 10 May 1982) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL Championship club Wycombe Wanderers. His first professional breakthrough came at Doncaster Rovers, having spent time up until then in the lower leagues of English football as well as spells in Lithuania and Wales. Following a short but successful time at Doncaster, Akinfenwa moved to his seventh club, Torquay United. He proved to be a goal threat, but left the struggling team the following season to join Swansea City. After spending two seasons with the Welsh club, he joined League One side Millwall and later moved to Northampton Town. Akinfenwa spent six years switching from Northampton to Gillingham, where his goal-scoring ability was still apparent. In June 2014, he signed for League Two side AFC Wimbledon, and two years later Wycombe Wanderers.
Adebayo Akinfenwa
Akinfenwa was born in Islington, North London and is of Nigerian descent. His father is a Muslim and his mother is a Christian, and while Akinfenwa observed Ramadan as a child, he is now a Christian. He is a close friend of Clarke Carlisle, his former teammate at Northampton Town. As a child, he supported Liverpool and his favourite player was John Barnes.

Question: Adebayo Akinfenwa was a star in the 2006 Football League Trophy Final, but know plays for this team?
Answer: Wycombe Wanderers
Pub
Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, "Slug and Lettuce" for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, however. Names and their origins can be broken up into a relatively small number of categories.

Question: What is the purpose of a pub name?
Answer: to identify and differentiate each pub
Tucson, Arizona
Tucson's largest park, Reid Park, is in midtown and includes Reid Park Zoo and Hi Corbett Field. Speedway Boulevard, a major east–west arterial road in central Tucson, was named the "ugliest street in America" by "Life" magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett.
Tucson, Arizona
In the late 1990s, Speedway Boulevard was awarded "Street of the Year" by "Arizona Highways." According to David Leighton, historical writer for the "Arizona Daily Star" newspaper, Speedway Boulevard was named after an historic horse racetrack, known as "The Harlem River Speedway", and more commonly called "The Speedway," in New York City. The Tucson street was called "The Speedway," from 1904 to about 1906, when "The" was removed from the title.

Question: What was the "ugliest street in America" in the 1970s?
Answer: Speedway Boulevard
Iron Maiden
Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. The band's discography has grown to 39 albums, including 16 studio albums, 12 live albums, four EPs, and seven compilations.
Alles Tot
Alles Tot is a two-song 7" EP released by Bethlehem in 2004, limited to 500 copies, all in gatefold sleeve and white vinyl. There is also a special edition limited to 47 (hand-numbered) copies. It is sold with a limited T-shirt, razorblade and packed in special wire. Both songs were recorded in 1996 and were previously available in a Red Stream compilation from 1999 called "To Live Is Ever to Be in Danger". "Wo Adlers wagen" is a cover of Iron Maiden's song "Where Eagles Dare" and can also be heard in the background of the last track from the EP "Reflektionen auf's Sterben". "Schuld unseres Knöchrigen Faltpferds" is one of the songs in the "Gummo" soundtrack.

Question: Who is the primary songwriter of the band who originally played "Wo Adlers wagen"?
Answer: Steve Harris
Iranian languages
Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Younger Avestan since it isn't known where that dialect (or dialects) was spoken either. Certain is only that Avestan (all forms) and Old Persian are distinct, and since Old Persian is "western", and Avestan was not Old Persian, Avestan acquired a default assignment to "eastern". Confusing the issue is the introduction of a western Iranian substrate in later Avestan compositions and redactions undertaken at the centers of imperial power in western Iran (either in the south-west in Persia, or in the north-west in Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media).

Question: Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian?
Answer: Old Persian
Carnival
In Mexico, "Carnaval" is celebrated in about 225 cities and towns. The largest are in Mazatlán and the city of Veracruz, with others in Baja California and Yucatán. The larger city Carnavals employ costumes, elected queens, and parades with floats, but Carnaval celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period. The largest of these is in Huejotzingo, Puebla, where most townspeople take part in mock combat with rifles shooting blanks, roughly based on the Battle of Puebla. Other important states with local traditions include Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, and Chiapas. Carnaval of Campeche goes back 400 years, to 1582.

Question: Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?
Answer: local traditions
Chance Rides
Chance Rides Manufacturing is a roller coaster and amusement ride manufacturer. The company was formed on May 16, 2002, when the former Chance Industries Inc. emerged from bankruptcy. The main office and manufacturing facility are located in Wichita, Kansas.
Chance Morgan
Chance Morgan Coasters, Inc. is a roller coaster and amusement ride manufacturer. It was formed on June 14, 2001 when Michael Chance, grandson of Chance Rides founder Richard H. Chance, acquired the assets of roller coaster builder D. H. Morgan Manufacturing of La Selva Beach, California. At the time, Chance Rides was going through bankruptcy reorganization and neither Chance Industries nor Chance Rides had any equity in the company. Michael Chance was the main investor along with a few silent partners. The company operated separately for a few years under the Chance Morgan name and handled the sales for Chance Rides Manufacturing.

Question: Where is the company founded by Michael Chance's grandfather main office located?
Answer: Wichita, Kansas
Collective Soul
Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett. Formed in 1992, Collective Soul released their "Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid" album on the independent label Rising Storm Records in 1993. The band went from obscurity to popularity that year after the song "Shine" became an underground hit based on radio play. The album was re-released in 1994 under major label Atlantic Records.
Catfish and the Bottlemen
Catfish and the Bottlemen are a Welsh indie rock band, formed in Llandudno, North Wales, in 2007. Their debut album, "The Balcony", reached number 10 in the UK Albums Chart and achieved Platinum status on 30 December 2016. The band has toured in South America, Japan, UK, Europe, North America, and Australia and have featured in a number of festivals including Lollapalooza, Glastonbury, Latitude, Falls Festival, Community Festival, Reading and Leeds, T in the Park , Governors Ball, All Points East, Bonnaroo, Splendour in the Grass, and Trnsmt Festival. They won a Brit Award for British Breakthrough act on 24 February 2016. On 27 May 2016, they released their second album, "The Ride", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart and has sold 100,000 units in the UK since its release. On 26 April 2019, they released their third album, "The Balance", which reached number 2 in the UK Albums Chart.

Question: Collective Soul and Catfish and the Bottlemen are both what?
Answer: rock band
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. Headquartered at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London, it is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 22,000 staff in total, more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed-contract staff are included.
To Play the King
To Play the King is a 1993 BBC television serial and the second part of the "House of Cards" trilogy. Directed by Paul Seed, the serial was based on the Michael Dobbs' 1993 novel of the same name and adapted for television by Andrew Davies. The opening and closing theme music for the TV series is entitled "Francis Urquhart's March", by composer Jim Parker. The series details the conflict between British Prime Minister Francis Urquhart and a newly crowned king as well as the run-up to the general election.

Question: To Play the King is a 1993 television serial broadcast by  the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by what?
Answer: number of employees
East Prussia
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province. These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants. In 1932 the local paramilitary SA had already started to terrorise their political opponents. On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats in Königsberg, the Otto-Braun-House. The Communist politician Gustav Sauf was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democratic newspaper ""Königsberger Volkszeitung"", Otto Wyrgatsch; and the German People's Party politician Max von Bahrfeldt were all severely injured. Members of the Reichsbanner were assaulted while the local Reichsbanner Chairman of Lötzen, Kurt Kotzan, was murdered on 6 August 1932.

Question: What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg?
Answer: attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats
Pasvalys
Pasvalys ( ) is a town in Panevėžys County, Lithuania, located near the bank of the Svalia River. Its sister city is Götene in Sweden.
Joniškėlis
Joniškėlis ( ) is a city in the Pasvalys district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 17 km west of Pasvalys.

Question: Joniškėlis is located 17 km west of a city near the bank of which river ?
Answer: the Svalia River
Madonna
Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."
Madonna
Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from "The New York Times" spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, "MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words." The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, "Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing." Thor Christensen of "The Dallas Morning News" commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by "stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time."

Question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?
Answer: MTV