qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Westminster Abbey
The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries have been created in the medieval triforium of the abbey. This is a display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. A new Gothic access tower with lift was designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. The new galleries opened in June 2018.

Question: When will the new galleries open?
Answer: 2018
John Heminges
John Heminges (spelled Heming, Hemynges and — in both the First Folio, which he edited, and also on the monument in the graveyard where he is buried — it is spelled Heminge) (bapt. 25 November 1566 – 10 October 1630) was an actor in the King's Men, the playing company for which William Shakespeare wrote. Along with Henry Condell, he was an editor of the First Folio, the collected plays of Shakespeare, published in 1623. He was also the financial manager for the King's Men.
John Heminges
Heminges was baptised at St Peter de Witton Church, Droitwich, Worcestershire, on 25 November 1566. Sent to London at the age of twelve, he was apprenticed for nine years to the City Grocer John Collins, becoming a freeman of the Grocers' Company on 24 April 1587. On 10 March 1588 he received a licence to marry Rebecca Knell (née Edwards), the widow of William Knell, an actor with the Queen's Men who had been killed at Thame, Oxfordshire, in 1587 by John Towne, a fellow actor. Heminges and his sixteen-year-old wife settled in the parish of St Mary Aldermanbury, and had at least thirteen children there between the years 1590 and 1613.
Alexander Cooke
Alexander Cooke (died February 1614) was an actor in the King's Men and the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the acting companies of William Shakespeare, John Heminges and Richard Burbage.

Question: John Heminges and Alexander Cooke were both actors what acting company of Shakespeare 
Answer: the King's Men
Robinne Lee
Robinne Lee (born July 16, 1974) is an American actress and author. She made her screen debut in the 1997 independent film "Hav Plenty", and later has appeared in films "National Security" (2003), "Deliver Us from Eva" (2003), "Hitch" (2005), "Seven Pounds" (2008), "Fifty Shades Darker" (2017), and "Fifty Shades Freed" (2018).
Robinne Lee
Lee was born in Mount Vernon, New York on July 16. A graduate of Columbia Law School, Lee began her acting career as part of the ensemble cast of the romantic comedy "Hav Plenty" in 1997, which was shown at Toronto Film Festival. She spent the following years working in smaller films, and well as co-starred in television movies include "The Runaway" opposite Debbi Morgan. On television, Lee also guest-starred on "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", and "Numbers". She also appeared in R&B singer Usher's music video for his 2004 single "Confessions Part II".
Fifty Shades Freed (film)
Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the "Fifty Shades" film trilogy, following "Fifty Shades of Grey" (2015) and "Fifty Shades Darker" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them.

Question: Who is the director of an upcoming movie featuring actress, Robinne Lee?
Answer: James Foley
FC Barcelona
It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 points. Their top scorer once again was Lionel Messi, who scored 46 goals in La Liga, including two hat-tricks. On 11 May 2013, Barcelona were crowned as the Spanish football champions for the 22nd time, still with four games left to play. Ultimately, Barcelona ended the season 15 points clear of rivals Real Madrid, despite losing 2–1 to them at the beginning of March. They reached the semi-final stage of both the Copa del Rey and the Champions League, going out to Real Madrid and Bayern Munich respectively. On 19 July, it was announced that Vilanova was resigning as Barcelona manager because his throat cancer had returned, and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012.

Question: Who did Vilanova replace as manager?
Answer: Pep Guardiola
Example (musician)
Elliot John Gleave (born 20 June 1982), better known by his stage name Example, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. His name arose due to his initials being E.G., which is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "exempli gratia" ("for example").
Later (song)
"Later" is a song by British recording artist Example. It was released as a single on 12 August 2016. The song was written and produced by Example himself with the collaboration of Andy Sheldrake and Kai Kai Smith.

Question: When was the  English rapper, singer and songwriter who sang  "Later" born 
Answer: 20 June 1982
Teardrops on My Guitar
"Teardrops on My Guitar" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was written by Swift and Liz Rose, and produced by Nathan Chapman. "Teardrops on My Guitar" was released on February 19, 2007 by Big Machine Records, as the second single from her self-titled debut album (2006). The song was later included on the international release of Swift's second studio album, "Fearless" (2008), and released as the second pop single from the album in the United Kingdom in 2009. It was inspired by Swift's experience with Drew Hardwick, a classmate of hers for whom she had feelings. He was completely unaware and continually spoke about his girlfriend to Swift, something she pretended to be endeared by. Years afterwards, Hardwick appeared at Swift's house, but Swift rejected him. Musically, the track is soft and is primarily guided by a gentle acoustic guitar. Critics have queried the song's classification as country music, with those in agreement (such as Grady Smith of "Rolling Stone") citing the themes and narrative style as country-influenced and those opposed (such as Roger Holland of "PopMatters") indicating the pop music production and instrumentation lack traditional country elements.
Taylor Swift videography
American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has released four video albums and has appeared in fifty-five music videos, five films and three television shows. From her eponymous debut studio album (2006), she released music videos for the singles "Tim McGraw", "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", and "Picture to Burn", all directed by Trey Fanjoy and released from 2006–08. For the second of these, she earned an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist nomination. She followed with three other music videos in 2008—"Beautiful Eyes" from her extended play of the same name, "Change" from the "AT&T Team USA Soundtrack" and "Love Story" from her second studio album "Fearless" (2008). The latter was nominated for two awards at the 2009 CMT Music Awards—Video of the Year and Female Video of the Year. For the video of "You Belong with Me" she won Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. During her acceptance speech, she was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, which sparked controversy and received much media attention.

Question: What was the release date of one of the song in Taylor Swift's debut album which has a music video?
Answer: February 19, 2007
Bird migration
The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes available. Many are also among the longest-distance migrants; sooty shearwaters "Puffinus griseus" nesting on the Falkland Islands migrate 14,000 km between the breeding colony and the North Atlantic Ocean off Norway. Some Manx shearwaters "Puffinus puffinus" do this same journey in reverse. As they are long-lived birds, they may cover enormous distances during their lives; one record-breaking Manx shearwater is calculated to have flown 8 e6km during its over-50-year lifespan.

Question: Which bird broke a record in how far it flew over it's life?
Answer: Manx shearwater
Daylight saving time
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form "daylight savings time" (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form "daylight saving time" in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, even dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster's, American Heritage, and Oxford, which describe actual usage instead of prescribing outdated usage (and therefore also list the newer form), still list the older form first. This is because the older form is still very common in print and preferred by many editors. ("Although "daylight saving time" is considered correct, "daylight savings time" (with an "s") is commonly used.") The first two words are sometimes hyphenated ("daylight-saving(s) time"). Merriam-Webster's also lists the forms daylight saving (without "time"), daylight savings (without "time"), and daylight time. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style explains the development and current situation as follows: "Although the singular form "daylight saving time" is the original one, dating from the early 20th century—and is preferred by some usage critics—the plural form is now extremely common in AmE. [...] The rise of "daylight savings time" appears to have resulted from the avoidance of a miscue: when "saving" is used, readers might puzzle momentarily over whether "saving" is a gerund (the saving of daylight) or a participle (the time for saving). [...] Using "savings" as the adjective—as in "savings account" or "savings bond"—makes perfect sense. More than that, it ought to be accepted as the better form."

Question: In 1978, according to Meade, which form of the phrase was more commonly used: daylight saving time or daylight savings time?
Answer: daylight savings time
Freemasonry
There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges. The earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft gradually came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.

Question: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?
Answer: show continuity
Mammal
In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey.

Question: Which part is larger relative to the brain in primates?
Answer: cerebrum
Gertrude (Hamlet)
In William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", Gertrude is Hamlet's mother and Queen of Denmark. Her relationship with Hamlet is somewhat turbulent, since he resents her marrying her husband's brother Claudius after he murdered the king (young Hamlet's father, King Hamlet). Gertrude reveals no guilt in her marriage with Claudius after the recent murder of her husband, and Hamlet begins to show signs of jealousy towards Claudius. According to Hamlet, she scarcely mourned her husband's death before marrying Claudius.
Judy Parfitt
Judy Catherine Claire Parfitt (born 7 November 1935) is an English theatre, film and television actress. She made her film debut in a minor supporting part in "Information Received" (1961), followed by supporting role in the BBC television serial "David Copperfield" (1966). She also appeared as Queen Gertrude in Tony Richardson's 1969 film adaptation of "Hamlet".

Question: What was the name of first husband of the character that Judy Catherine Claire Parfitt played in Tony Richardson's 1969 film adaption of "Hamlet".
Answer: King Hamlet
Kim Warwick
Kim Warwick (born 8 April 1952) is an Australian former professional male tennis player who competed on the ATP Tour from 1970–1987, reaching the singles final of the Australian Open in 1980. He defeated over 35 players ranked in the top ten including Guillermo Vilas, Raúl Ramírez, Vitas Gerulaitis, Jan Kodeš, Bob Lutz and Arthur Ashe. Warwick's career-high singles ranking was world No. 15, achieved in 1981. He won three singles titles and 26 doubles, including Australian Open 1978 (with Wojtek Fibak) and Australian Open 1980 and 1981, and Roland Garros 1985, and was also a runner-up in Australian Open 1986, all of them partnering fellow countryman Mark Edmondson. Partnering with Evonne Goolagong, he won the French Open 1972, defeating Françoise Dürr and Jean-Claude Barclay in the final 6–2, 6–4. Evonne and Kim were finalists in 1972 at Wimbledon against Rosie Casals and Ilie Năstase who won 6–4, 6–4.
Fred McNair
Frederick V. McNair IV (born July 22, 1950) is an American former professional tennis player who reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1976. That year, he teamed up with Sherwood Stewart to capture the men's doubles titles at French Open, the German Open and the Masters. McNair was also a mixed doubles runner-up at the French Open in 1981, partnering Betty Stöve. In 1978, he was a member of the U.S. team that won the Davis Cup. In nine years on the professional tour, McNair won 16 doubles titles. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 67.

Question: Which tennis player has a higher World singles ranking, Fred McNair or Kim Warwick?
Answer: Kim Warwick
The Good Man of Nanking
The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe is a collection of the personal journals of John Rabe, a German businessman who lived in Nanjing at the time of the Nanking Massacre in 1937–1938. The book contains the diaries that Rabe kept during the Nanking Massacre, writing from his personal experience and observation of the events that took place. It also excerpts Rabe's experience in immediate post-war Berlin, then occupied by Soviet troops. Rabe's diaries were made known and quoted by author Iris Chang during the research for her book, "The Rape of Nanking"; they were subsequently translated from German to English by John E. Woods and published in the United States in 1998. The diaries of Rabe could only provide witnesses of a small corner of the Nanking Massacre, because of the limitation of his activity in the safe zone.
Nanjing Massacre
The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (alternately written as the Nanking Massacre or the Rape of Nanking) was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Imperial Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Nanjing Massacre
The massacre occurred over a period of six weeks starting on December 13, 1937, the day that the Japanese captured Nanjing. During this period, soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army murdered Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants who numbered an estimated 40,000 to over 300,000, and perpetrated widespread rape and looting.

Question: During which war did the Japanese troops commit mass murder and rape against civilians that is recorded in The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe?
Answer: Second Sino-Japanese War
Jeremy Fry
Jeremy Joseph Fry (19 May 1924 – 18 July 2005) was a British inventor, engineer, entrepreneur, adventurer and arts patron.
Sea Truck
The Rotork Sea Truck is a flat-hulled, high-speed watercraft, similar to a small landing craft. Made from fibreglass, they may be used to land vehicles without jetties or harbour facilities. They were designed by the design team at Smallfry in the 1970s.
Sea Truck
The vehicle was designed by the design team at Smallfry led by designer Tim Fry and Anthony Smallhorn with input from James Dyson while he was a student in the 1970s, as part of his final year's project at the Royal College of Art.

Question: Of which nationality is the co-designer of the Sea Truck?
Answer: British
Plymouth
A regular international ferry service provided by Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay taking cars and foot passengers directly to France (Roscoff) and Spain (Santander) on the three ferries, "MV Armorique", "MV Bretagne" and "MV Pont-Aven". The Cremyll Ferry is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll, which is believed to have operated continuously since 1204. There is also a pedestrian ferry from the Mayflower Steps to Mount Batten, and an alternative to using the Tamar Bridge via the Torpoint Ferry (vehicle and pedestrian) across the River Tamar.

Question: Who operates the ferry to Spain?
Answer: Brittany Ferries
Sangerville, Maine
Sangerville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,343 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Colonel Calvin Sanger, a landowner.
Sangerville Town Hall
Sangerville Town Hall is located at 1 Town Hall Lane (corner of South Main Street) in the village center of Sangerville, Maine. Built in 1902, it is one of the rural community's most sophisticated architectural buildings. It was designed and built by a local contractor, and has well-proportioned Colonial Revival features. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Question: Sangerville Town Hall is located at 1 Town Hall Lane (corner of South Main Street) in the village center of Sangerville, Maine, Sangerville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, in which country?
Answer: United States
Dudley Moore
Dudley Stuart John Moore, CBE (19 April 193527 March 2002) was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer. Moore first came to prominence in the UK as a leading figure in the British satire boom of the 1960s. He was one of the four writer-performers in the comedy revue "Beyond the Fringe" from 1960 that created a boom in satirical comedy, and with one member of that team, Peter Cook, collaborated on the BBC television series "Not Only... But Also". The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s, by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting.
Frog and the Peach
The Frog and the Peach is a restaurant in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States with Bruce Lefebvre as owner and executive chef.
Frog and the Peach
The restaurant was founded in 1983 by the married couple Betsy Alger and Jim Black. The name of the restaurant comes from a comedy sketch by Peter Cook and Dudley Moore.

Question: The Frog and the Peach is a restaurant in New Brunswick in which US state, the name of the restaurant comes from a comedy sketch by Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, given name is Dudley Stuart John Moore, who was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer?
Answer: New Jersey
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971. The war began with preemptive aerial strikes on 11 Indian air stations, which led to the commencement of hostilities with Pakistan and Indian entry into the war of independence in East Pakistan on the side of Bengali nationalist forces. Lasting just 13 days, it is one of the shortest wars in history.
Battle of Hilli
The Battle of Hilli or the Battle of Bogura was a major battle fought in the Bangladesh Liberation War. It is generally regarded as the most severe pitched battle that took place in East Pakistan, now Bangladesh. The battle of Hilli took place between 23 November 1971 and 11 December 1971, although the final surrender took place on 18 December 1971.

Question: Which war lasted 13 days and contained the Battle of Hilli?
Answer: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Cooking banana
Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus "Musa" whose fruits are generally used in cooking. They may be eaten ripe or unripe and are generally starchy. Many cooking bananas are referred to as plantains ( , ) or green bananas, although not all of them are true plantains. Bananas are treated as a starchy fruit with a relatively neutral flavour and soft texture when cooked. Bananas fruit all year round, making them a reliable all-season staple food.
Pazham pori
Pazham pori also known as ethakka appam and bekkachi is a fritter food with ripened banana or plantain and maida flour. A popular food item in South Indian cuisines, it is generally eaten as a breakfast or a snack.. It is called as Balekayi bajji in Kannada and Vazhakkay bajji in Tamil.

Question: Pazham pori is a fritter food made by pulses with maida flour and cooking bananas also referred to as what?
Answer: green bananas
House of Mystery
The House of Mystery is the name of several horror, fantasy, and mystery Comics anthologies published by DC Comics. It had a companion series, "House of Secrets". It is also the name of the titular setting of the series.
House of Mystery
"House of Mystery" started out as a horror anthology, featuring tales of the supernatural as well as supernatural-themed mystery stories. Issue #1 was dated December-January 1951. With the growing backlash against American horror comics in the mid-1950s, as well as the advent of the Comics Code Authority and its restrictions on horror-themed storylines (banning stories dealing with such supernatural fare as vampires and werewolves), the series quietly was revamped into dealing with science-fiction type monsters and other mystery-suspense type tales that were permitted by the Comics Code.
Vulture (DC Comics)
VULTURE is a fictional international crime cartel in the DC Comics universe. VULTURE first appears in "House of Mystery" #160 (July 1966), and was created by Jack Miller and Joe Certa.

Question: Which companion series to "House of Secrets" featured a fictional international crime cartel?
Answer: House of Mystery
Green
In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. On the HSV color wheel, also known as the , the complement of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red.

Question: In which color system is green created by combining yellow and blue?
Answer: subtractive
Thomas Middleton
Thomas Middleton (baptised 18 April 1580 – July 1627; also spelled "Midleton") was an English Jacobean playwright and poet. Middleton stands with John Fletcher and Ben Jonson among the most successful and prolific of the playwrights at work during the Jacobean period. He was among the few to achieve equal success in comedy and tragedy, and a prolific writer of masques and pageants.
Thomas Middleton
Middleton was born in London and baptised on 18 April 1580. He was the son of a bricklayer, who had raised himself to the status of a gentleman and owned property adjoining the Curtain Theatre in Shoreditch. Middleton was just five when his father died and his mother's subsequent remarriage dissolved into a 15-year battle over the inheritance of Thomas and his younger sister – an experience which must have informed and perhaps incited his repeated satire at the expense of the legal profession.
Anything for a Quiet Life
Anything for a Quiet Life is a Jacobean stage play, a city comedy written by Thomas Middleton and John Webster. Topical allusions suggest the play was written most likely in 1621.

Question: Which Renaissance dramatist co-wrote Anything for a Quiet Life with John Webster?
Answer: Thomas Middleton
Pyotr Yefremov
Pyotr Alexandrovich Yefremov ( ; November 17, 1830 (O.S., 2) in Moscow, Russian Empire – January 8, 1908 [O.S. December 26, 1907] in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian literary historian, publisher, editor and essayist whose works were published regularly by "Sovremennik" (where he debuted in 1857), "Otechestvennye Zapiski", "Russky Arkhiv", "Russkaya Starina", "Istorichesky Vestnik", newspapers "Golos", "Novoye Vremya", "Russkiye Vedomosti". In 1864-1865 he edited the "Knizhny Vestnik" (The Books Herald) magazine. Praised as one of the most competent literary scholars of the 19th century, Pyotr Yefremov compiled, edited and published the series of The Works of: Denis Fonvizin (1866), Valerian Maykov (1867), Antiochus Kantemir (1867-1868), Vladimir Lukin (1868), Bogdan Yelchaninov (1868), Alexander Radishchev (1872, Saint Petersburg; banned at the time), Kondraty Ryleyev (1872, 1874), Mikhail Lermontov (1873, 1880, 1887, 1889, also the "Early Dramas" compilation, 1880), Vasily Zhukovsky (1878, 1885), Alexander Pushkin (1880, 1882, 1905, plus two "Yevgeny Onegin" editions, 1874, 1882), Alexander Polezhayev (1889). He is credited with having discovered, published and written analytical essays on numerous hitherto unknown autographs by classics like Pushkin, Ryleyev, Lermontov, Radishchev, Fonvizin, Zhukovsky.
Denis Fonvizin
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin ( ; 14 April [O.S. 3 April] 1745 —12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1792 ) was a playwright and writer of the Russian Enlightenment, one of the founders of literary comedy in Russia. His main works are two satirical comedies, one of them Young ignoramus, which mock contemporary Russian gentry and are still staged today.

Question: Who was this playwright of the Russian Enlightenment whose works were edited and published by Pyotr Yefremov and whose satirical comedies mock contemporary Russian gentry?
Answer: Denis Fonvizin
Hunter-gatherer
Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools such as fishing nets, hooks, and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated as early as 12,000 years ago in the Middle East, and also independently originated in many other areas including Southeast Asia, parts of Africa, Mesoamerica, and the Andes.

Question: During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?
Answer: Middle to Upper Paleolithic
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives
During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill:

Question: In early 19th century, what were 2 common parties?
Answer: (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans)
Pain
The most reliable method for assessing pain in most humans is by asking a question: a person may report pain that cannot be detected by any known physiological measure. However, like infants, animals cannot answer questions about whether they feel pain; thus the defining criterion for pain in humans cannot be applied to them. Philosophers and scientists have responded to this difficulty in a variety of ways. René Descartes for example argued that animals lack consciousness and therefore do not experience pain and suffering in the way that humans do. Bernard Rollin of Colorado State University, the principal author of two U.S. federal laws regulating pain relief for animals, writes that researchers remained unsure into the 1980s as to whether animals experience pain, and that veterinarians trained in the U.S. before 1989 were simply taught to ignore animal pain. In his interactions with scientists and other veterinarians, he was regularly asked to "prove" that animals are conscious, and to provide "scientifically acceptable" grounds for claiming that they feel pain. Carbone writes that the view that animals feel pain differently is now a minority view. Academic reviews of the topic are more equivocal, noting that although the argument that animals have at least simple conscious thoughts and feelings has strong support, some critics continue to question how reliably animal mental states can be determined. The ability of invertebrate species of animals, such as insects, to feel pain and suffering is also unclear.

Question: What university is Bernard Rollin associated with?
Answer: Colorado State University
Dekh Magar Pyaar Say
Dekh Magar Pyaar Say is a 2015 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Asad ul Haq and produced by Ali Murtaza under the production banner Shiny Toy Guns. The film was the directorial debut for Haq. The movie starred Humaima Malick and Sikander Rizvi in the lead roles. The latter made his film debut with the movie.
Humaima Malick
Humaima Malick is a Pakistani actress and model who appears in Pakistani and Bollywood films and serials.

Question: Who is the Pakistani actress and model who appeared in a 2015 film by the Shiny Toy Guns company?
Answer: Humaima Malick
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the "Brandenburg Concertos" and the "Goldberg Variations", and for vocal music such as the "St Matthew Passion" and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time.
Midori Suzuki (soprano)
Suzuki has performed as a member of the Bach Collegium Japan. She appeared as a soloist in several volumes of the recording of all cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach, conducted by her brother-in-law Masaaki Suzuki. A review of volume 5 said about the final duet of "Tritt auf die Glaubensbahn", BWV 152, in which she sang the part of the Soul alongside Peter Kooy as Jesus: "both singers rise to the occasion, delivering characterization that couldn’t be rendered with more humility". A review of her recording of "Was soll ich aus dir machen, Ephraim", BWV 89, notes: "She sings with great clarity. Her brief aria contains one of Bach’s typical, irresistible oboe obbligati. Suzuki matches the oboist’s delicacy and gives a lovely, poised account of the aria".
Midori Suzuki (soprano)
Suzuki was in 1996 the soprano soloist in Handel's "Messiah" with the Bach Collegium Japan, performing alongside Yoshikazu Mera, John Elwes and David Thomas. She also recorded Bach's "St John Passion" with the Bach Collegium Japan. In 2000 she was one of the singers who also formed the choir (OVPP, one voice per part) in a recording of Bach's Mass in B minor with the ensemble La Petite Bande, conducted by Sigiswald Kuijken. In 2015 she was the vocalist in a recording "La Ciaccona", a collection of early ciacconas from Spain and Italy by composers including Andrea Falconieri, Girolamo Frescobaldi and Salomone Rossi, played by the Japanese Ensemble Anthonello.

Question: What is the death date of this German composer and musician of the Baroque period, who had a cantana of his recorded by Midori Suzuki?
Answer: 28 July 1750
Afterplay
Afterplay is a 2002 one-act play by Brian Friel. It centres on two characters from Chekhov (Sonya from "Uncle Vanya" and Andrey from "Three Sisters") meeting in Moscow in the 1920s.
Three Sisters (play)
Three Sisters ( ) is a play by the Russian author and playwright Anton Chekhov. It was written in 1900 and first performed in 1901 at the Moscow Art Theatre. The play is sometimes included on the short list of Chekhov's outstanding plays, along with "The Cherry Orchard", "The Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya".

Question: Afterplay is a 2002 one-act play by Brian Friel, it centres on two characters from Chekhov (Sonya from "Uncle Vanya" and Andrey from which play by the Russian author and playwright, Anton Chekhov?
Answer: Three Sisters
All I Want for Christmas Is You
"All I Want for Christmas Is You" is a Christmas song recorded by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. She co-wrote and co-produced it with Walter Afanasieff for her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Merry Christmas" (1994). Columbia Records released it as the lead single from the album on October 29, 1994. The track is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back-up vocals, and synthesizers.
Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)
Merry Christmas is the first Christmas album, and the fourth studio album, by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. Released by Columbia Records on October 28, 1994, at the peak of the initial stretch of Carey's career, between "Music Box" (1993) and "Daydream" (1995), the album features cover versions of popular Christmas tunes and original material. Carey worked with Walter Afanasieff, with whom she wrote all of the original tracks, as well as producing Carey's interpretations of the covered material. Three singles were released from the album, of which "All I Want for Christmas Is You" went on to become one of the best-selling singles of all time and the best-selling holiday ringtone in the United States.

Question: "All I Want for Christmas is You" is a Christmas song by Mariah Carey, which is the lead single from an album that contains a contemporary holiday theme, and was released by who?
Answer: Columbia Records
Philippe Reines
Philippe I. Reines ( ; born November 25, 1969) is an American political consultant. He joined the Department of State as a Senior Advisor to Hillary Clinton when she became United States Secretary of State in January 2009, and in 2010 was promoted to the position of Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Strategic Communications.
Beacon Global Strategies
Beacon Global Strategies LLC (BGS) is a Washington, DC-based strategic advisory firm founded by Jeremy Bash, Philippe Reines, and Andrew Shapiro in 2013. Philippe Reines left the firm as of September 2017. According to the firm's website, Beacon Global Strategies specializes in matters of international policy, foreign affairs, national defense, cyber, intelligence, and homeland security.

Question: Beacon Global Strategies LLC was cofounded by a Senior Advisor to which Secretary of State?
Answer: Hillary Clinton
Canon law
The structure that the fully developed Roman Law provides is a contribution to the Canon Law. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. ("Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus", Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. ("Juris Canonici Licentiatus", Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. ("Juris Canonici Doctor", Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law.

Question: What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
Answer: Bachelor of Canon Law
Peter McNamara
Peter McNamara (5 July 1955 – 20 July 2019) was an Australian tennis player and coach.
František Čermák
In his career, Čermák won 31 doubles titles on the ATP Tour and he was a finalist 24 times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 14 in February 2010, and he usually played doubles with Filip Polášek.
František Čermák
In mixed doubles, Čermák and partner Lucie Hradecká reached the final of the 2013 Australian Open and won the 2013 French Open.

Question: Peter McNamara and František Čermák, have which occupation in common?
Answer: tennis player
Solar energy
Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity. With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid, while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls. Net metering programs give household systems credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid. This is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes. If the net electricity use is below zero, the utility then rolls over the kilowatt-hour credit to the next month. Other approaches involve the use of two meters, to measure electricity consumed vs. electricity produced. This is less common due to the increased installation cost of the second meter. Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions, making a second meter unnecessary.

Question: Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use?
Answer: Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions
Steven Spielberg
Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called "Duel". The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Special praise of this film by the influential British critic Dilys Powell was highly significant to Spielberg's career. Another TV film ("Something Evil") was made and released to capitalize on the popularity of "The Exorcist", then a major best-selling book which had not yet been released as a film. He fulfilled his contract by directing the TV film-length pilot of a show called "Savage", starring Martin Landau. Spielberg's debut full-length feature film was "The Sugarland Express", about a married couple who are chased by police as the couple tries to regain custody of their baby. Spielberg's cinematography for the police chase was praised by reviewers, and "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that "a major new director is on the horizon." However, the film fared poorly at the box office and received a limited release.

Question: What British critic helped boost Steven Spielberg's career?
Answer: Dilys Powell
Eton College
Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.

Question: Which event is held on the Fourth of June?
Answer: Procession of Boats
Separation of church and state in the United States
The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in "Everson v. Board of Education", 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first case in which the court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state, having interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal legislature. Citing Jefferson, the court concluded that "The First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state. That wall must be kept high and impregnable. We could not approve the slightest breach."

Question: What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of?
Answer: court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state
Western Hockey League
The Western Hockey League (WHL) is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States. The WHL is one of three leagues that constitutes the Canadian Hockey League (CHL) as the highest level of junior hockey in Canada. Teams play for the Ed Chynoweth Cup, with the winner moving on to play for the Memorial Cup, Canada's national junior championship. WHL teams have won the Memorial Cup 19 times since the league became eligible to compete for the trophy. Many players have been drafted from WHL teams, and have found success at various levels of professional hockey, including the National Hockey League (NHL).
Brad Hornung Trophy
The Brad Hornung Trophy is awarded annually to the most sportsmanlike player of the Western Hockey League. First presented in 1967, it was later renamed in honour of former Regina Pats player Brad Hornung who was paralyzed during a game on March 1, 1987.

Question: How many times have teams that are part of the league that gives out the Brad Hornung Trophy won the Memorial Cup?
Answer: 19
Run the Jewels
Run the Jewels, also known by the initialism RTJ, is an American hip hop supergroup duo consisting of rapper-producer El-P and rapper Killer Mike. They released their self-titled debut studio album as a free download in 2013, to critical acclaim. This was followed by "Run the Jewels 2" in 2014, "Run the Jewels 3" in 2016, and "RTJ4" in 2020, all of which received similar acclaim.
Nobody Speak
"Nobody Speak" is a song by American hip hop producer DJ Shadow, featuring rap verses from American rap duo Run the Jewels. The song was first a part of Run the Jewels' Record Store Day release, which was a virtual reality cardboard viewer that included a digital download code for the song. It also acted as the lead single from Shadow's fifth studio album, "The Mountain Will Fall" (2016). A music video for the song was released on August 24, 2016.

Question:  "Nobody Speak" is a song by American music producer DJ Shadow, featuring rap verses from a rap duo formed in what year?
Answer: 2013
Ted Nugent
Theodore Anthony Nugent ( ; born December 13, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and conservative political activist. Nugent initially gained fame as the lead guitarist of The Amboy Dukes, a band formed in 1963 that played psychedelic rock and hard rock. After dissolving the Amboy Dukes, he embarked on a solo career. Nugent is known for his Gibson Byrdland, his bluesy and frenzied guitar playing and his energetic live shows. Despite possessing a distinctive, wide ranging singing voice, Nugent recorded and toured with other singers during much of his early solo career, including Derek St. Holmes, Brian Howe, and Meat Loaf. In the late 80s and early 90s he was part of the supergroup Damn Yankees.
Edge of Forever Tour
Edge of Forever Tour was a concert tour by Lynyrd Skynyrd in support of their album, Edge of Forever. The band performed shows with a number of other artists including Ted Nugent and Deep Purple.

Question: Edge of Forever Tour was a concert tour that included the former lead guitarist of what band?
Answer: Amboy Dukes
Protestantism
Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.

Question: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?
Answer: divisions
Cheburashka
Cheburashka (Russian: , ] ( ) ), also known as Topple in earlier English translations, is a character in children's literature, from a 1966 story by Soviet writer Eduard Uspensky. He is also the protagonist (voiced by Klara Rumyanova) of the stop-motion animated films by Roman Kachanov (Soyuzmultfilm studio), the first film of which was made in 1969, with songs composed by Vladimir Shainsky.
Roman Abelevich Kachanov
Roman Abelevich Kachanov ( ; 25 February 1921 – 4 July 1993) was a Soviet animator who worked primarily in the stop-motion animation technique. He directed the popular series of films about Cheburashka: "Gena the Crocodile", "Cheburashka", "Shapoklyak" and "Cheburashka Goes to School".

Question: Who voiced the protagonist in the popular films directed by Roman Abelevich Kachanov?
Answer: Klara Rumyanova
2006 Boise State Broncos football team
The 2006 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Broncos won the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) championship with an undefeated 12–0 regular-season record (8–0 in the WAC), their second unbeaten regular season in the past three years. This was also Boise State's fifth consecutive season with at least a share of the WAC title, and the fourth in that period in which they went unbeaten in conference play. They became only the second team from outside the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) to play in a BCS bowl game when they faced Oklahoma in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl, defeating the Sooners in a dramatic thriller.
2007 Fiesta Bowl
The 2007 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl was a college football bowl game played as part of the 2006–2007 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) of the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was played on January 1, 2007, at its new venue, the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The matchup pitted the Big 12 champion No. 8 Oklahoma Sooners against the WAC champion No. 9 Boise State Broncos. The contest was televised on Fox. With this broadcast, the Fiesta Bowl became the first bowl game to air on all the "big four" television networks (ABC, CBS, Fox and NBC) – the Orange Bowl became the second, the following night.
2007 Fiesta Bowl
Oklahoma was the designated home team and was favored by 7½ points, but Boise State won by a score of 43–42 in overtime. The game featured a series of "fantastic finishes" – Oklahoma scoring 25 unanswered points to take its first lead with just over one minute remaining in the game, the teams scoring 22 points in the final 1:26 of regulation and 15 points in overtime, culminating with Boise State completing three do-or-die trick plays (the first of which was called with 18 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter on 4th and 18 to take the game to overtime).

Question: The 2006 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season, became only the second team from outside the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) to play in a BCS bowl game when they faced Oklahoma in which college football bowl game played as part of the 2006–2007 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) of the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season?
Answer: 2007 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl