qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Schoenoplectus
Schoenoplectus (club-rush [Old World species], bulrush or tule [New World species]) is a genus of plants in the sedges with a cosmopolitan distribution. Note that the name bulrush is also applied to species in the unrelated genus "Typha" as well as to other sedges. The genus "Schoenoplectus" was formerly considered part of "Scirpus", but recent phylogenetic data shows that they are not closely related.
Alloxylon
Alloxylon is a genus of four species in the family Proteaceae of mainly small to medium-sized trees. They are native to the eastern coast of Australia, with one species, "A. brachycarpum" found in New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The genus is a relatively new creation, being split off from "Oreocallis". The name is derived from Ancient Greek "allo-" "other" or "strange" and "xylon" or "wood" due to their unusual cell architecture compared with the related genera "Telopea" and "Oreocallis". In Australia, they are known as tree waratahs due to similarities in the inflorescences between them and the closely related "Telopea".

Question: Are Alloxylon and Schoenoplectus both types of tree?
Answer: no
Camp Leatherneck
Camp Leatherneck is a 1,600 acre Afghan Armed Forces base in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The site is mostly in Washir District and is conjoined with Camp Bastion, the main British military base in Afghanistan.
Gregg A. Sturdevant
Gregg A. Sturdevant is a retired United States Marine Corps major general. At the time of his retirement, he was the director of strategic planning and policy for U.S. Pacific Command. From February 2012 to February 2013, he commanded the Marines' aviation wing at Camp Leatherneck/Camp Bastion in Afghanistan.

Question: Gregg A. Sturdevant is a retired United States Marine Corps major general, from February 2012 to February 2013, he commanded the Marines' aviation wing at which 1,600 acre Afghan Armed Forces base in Helmand Province, Afghanistan?
Answer: Camp Leatherneck
Joanne Harris
Joanne Michèle Sylvie Harris, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 3 July 1964) is an English author especially known for her award-winning novel "Chocolat" (1999), which was adapted the following year for the film "Chocolat".
Stephen Vincent Benét
Stephen Vincent Benét (July 22, 1898 – March 13, 1943) was an American poet, short story writer, and novelist. He is best known for his book-length narrative poem of the American Civil War "John Brown's Body" (1928), for which he received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, and for the short stories "The Devil and Daniel Webster" (1936) and "By the Waters of Babylon" (1937). In 2009, The Library of America selected his story "The King of the Cats" (1929) for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of "American Fantastic Tales" edited by Peter Straub.

Question: Did both Stephen Vincent Benét and Joanne Harris hail from the same country?
Answer: no
Queen Victoria
Though Victoria was now queen, as an unmarried young woman she was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking ["sic"] alternative". Victoria showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.

Question: Where did Victoria live at the beginning of her reign?
Answer: with her mother
Mastic Beach, New York
Mastic Beach is a census-designated place and former village in the southeast part of the town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 14,849 at the 2010 census, at which time it was an unincorporated census-designated place for the first time. The village is located in the general vicinity of the hamlet of Mastic Beach.
William Floyd House
William Floyd House, also known as Nicholl Floyd House and Old Mastic House, was a home of William Floyd, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, in Mastic Beach, New York. It was his home from 1734 until 1803. This home is distinct from Gen. William Floyd House, his later home in Westernville, New York, that is also on the National Register and which was designated a National Historic Landmark.

Question: The William Floyd House is located in what county in New York? 
Answer: Suffolk County
Bona Sforza
Bona Sforza d’Aragona (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund I the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of the powerful House of Sforza, which ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1447.
Bona Sforza
Smart, energetic and ambitious, Bona became heavily involved in the political and cultural life of Poland–Lithuania. To increase state revenue during the Chicken Rebellion, she implemented various economic and agricultural reforms, including the far-reaching Wallach Reform in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In foreign policy, she was allied with the Ottoman Empire and sometimes opposed the Habsburgs. Her descendants became beneficiaries of the Neapolitan sums, a loan she gave to Phillip II of Spain which was never completely paid.
Anna Jagiellon
Daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and Italian duchess Bona Sforza, Anna received multiple proposals, but remained unmarried until the age of 52. After the death of King Sigismund II Augustus, her brother and the last male member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, her hand was sought by pretenders to the Polish throne to maintain the dynastic tradition. Along with her then-fiancé Stephen Báthory, Anna was elected as co-ruler in the 1576 royal election of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their marriage was a formal arrangement and distant.
Anna Jagiellon
While Báthory was preoccupied with the Livonian War, Anna spent her time on local administrative matters and several construction projects, incluiding the city wall Stara Prochownia to protect Sigismund Augustus Bridge. After her husband's death in December 1586, Anna had the opportunity to claim the throne again, but instead promoted her nephew Sigismund III Vasa as the next ruler and established the House of Vasa on the Polish throne for the next eighty years (1587–1668).

Question: Anna Jagiellon, was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in her own right from 1575 to 1586, she was a daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and his Italian wife, which member of the powerful House of Sforza, which ruled the Duchy of Milan since 1447?
Answer: Bona Sforza
San Diego
Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, beaches, and tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcalá and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital."

Question: What nickname has the city  been given as a result of its extensive craft beer industry?
Answer: America's Craft Beer Capital
El Pinar Zoo
The El Pinar Zoo ( ) Also Zoological Park of El Pinar Is the first zoological garden of Caracas, Venezuela inaugurated 13 August 1945 under the presidency of Isaías Medina Angarita. El pinar zoo is located in El Paraiso Parish in the former grounds of the La Vaquera hacienda, which was owned by Juan Vicente Gómez. The State took possession of it in 1935. It occupies an area of 7 hectares.
Caracas
Caracas ( , ] ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within the Caracas Valley of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa). The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El Ávila; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 5 million inhabitants.

Question: Along which river is the city in which The El Pinar Zoo is located ?
Answer: the Guaire River
Hicks Island (New York)
Hicks Island is an island in Napeague Bay, Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. The small island is located north of Napeague on the eastern end of Long Island.
Napeague, New York
Napeague ( , ) is a census-designated place (CDP) that roughly corresponds to the hamlet with the same name in the Town of East Hampton in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The CDP population was 200 at the 2010 census.

Question: Hicks Island, is located north of a small city with what population as of the 2010 census?
Answer: 200
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
From April to July, Soviet and German officials made statements on the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, but no actual negotiations took place. "The Soviet Union had wanted good relations with Germany for years and was happy to see that feeling finally reciprocated", wrote the historian Gerhard L. Weinberg. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channelled into the framework of economic negotiations between the two countries since close military and diplomatic connections, as was the case before the mid-1930s, had been largely severed. In May, Stalin replaced his foreign minister from 1930 to 1939, Maxim Litvinov, who had advocated rapprochement with the West and was also Jewish, with Vyacheslav Molotov to allow the Soviet Union more latitude in discussions with more parties, instead of only Britain and France.

Question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker an new trade agreement?
Answer: Germany and the Soviet Union
MP3
Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3). Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process). Over time this concern has become less of an issue as CPU speeds transitioned from MHz to GHz. Encoder/decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback.

Question: Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?
Answer: computationally efficient
Protestantism
A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

Question: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?
Answer: Methodist and Wesleyan
Heresy
The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: "From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus was not the Christ]."

Question: What culture and religion did Fathers of the Church correlate with heresy?
Answer: Jews and Judaism
Tim Podraza
Tim Podraza is an American football official in the National Football League (NFL) since the 2008 NFL season, wearing number 47. He was the line judge on Ed Hochuli's officiating crew for the 2009 NFL season and is the line judge on Pete Morelli's officiating crew for the 2017 NFL season.
Ed Hochuli
Edward G. Hochuli ( ; born December 25, 1950) is an American attorney and retired American football official. He has served as an attorney at Jones, Skelton & Hochuli, P.L.C. since 1983, and was an official in the National Football League (NFL) from 1990 to 2017; his uniform number was 85. Prior to his officiating career, he played college football for four seasons at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP).

Question: What is the main occupation of the American football official Ed Hochuli who was part of the officiating crew for the 2009 NFL season which selected Tim Podraza as a line judge?
Answer: attorney
Internet service provider
In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

Question: what do transit ISPs provide? 
Answer: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs
Royal assent
A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the Sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854.

Question: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?
Answer: five
Classical music
The Medieval era includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Catholic monks developed the first forms of modern European musical notation in order to standardize liturgy throughout the worldwide Church. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets.

Question: When did Monophonic chant stop being the dominant form?
Answer: 1100
War on terror
On the morning of 11 September 2001, nineteen men hijacked four jet airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the jet airliners, they told the passengers that they had a bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the jet airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history, and many previous hijacking attempts had been resolved with the passengers and crew escaping unharmed after obeying the hijackers. The hijackers – members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell – intentionally crashed two jet airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Both buildings collapsed within two hours from fire damage related to the crashes, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third jet airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The fourth jet airliner crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the jet airliners, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington D.C., to target the White House or the U.S. Capitol. None of the flights had any survivors. A total of 2,977 victims and the 19 hijackers perished in the attacks. Fifteen of the nineteen were citizens of Saudi Arabia, and the others were from the United Arab Emirates (2), Egypt, and Lebanon.

Question: Where were the 9/11 planes originally going?
Answer: California
Galadriel Stineman
Margaret Elizabeth Galadriel Stineman (born October 20, 1984) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Gwen Tennyson in " " and as Cassidy Finch in "The Middle".
Junkyard Dog (film)
Junkyard Dog is a 2010 American psychological thriller film written and directed by Kim Bass, and starring Innis Casey, Vivica A. Fox, Galadriel Stineman, Brad Dourif and John Kapelos. The film follows a female FBI agent frantically trying to save an abducted college student from a cannibalistic serial killer and rapist who is keeping her confined in an underground cell.

Question: Who directed a 2010 American psychological thriller film that starred an American actress and model who is known for her role as Gwen Tennyson ?
Answer: Kim Bass
Tommy Lee Wallace
Thomas Lee Wallace (born September 6, 1949) is an American film producer, director, editor, and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror genre, directing films such as "", "Fright Night Part 2" and the 1990 miniseries, "It". He is a long-time friend and collaborator of director John Carpenter, receiving his first credit as art director on Carpenter's directorial debut, "Dark Star". Along with Charles Bornstein, he edited both the original "Halloween" and "The Fog".
Tommy Lee Wallace
Born Thomas Lee Wallace in Somerset, Kentucky to Robert G. and Kathleen Wallace, he has one older sister, Linda. He grew up in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and attended high school at Western Kentucky University teachers training school (College High).
The Comrades of Summer
The Comrades of Summer is a 1992 television film featuring Joe Mantegna and Natalya Negoda. It was directed by Tommy Lee Wallace, written by Robert Rodat and aired on HBO on July 11, 1992.

Question: The director of the tv film "The Comrades of Summer" got his first credit as an art director on what film?
Answer: "Dark Star"
Thumb Bandits
Thumb Bandits was a British entertainment television series that aired on Channel 4 from 2001 to 2002 and is presented by Aleks Krotoski and Iain Lee.
Iain Lee
Iain Felix Diamond Lee (born 9 June 1973) is an English broadcaster, streamer, presenter, narrator and writer. His career began when he performed stand-up comedy gigs across venues in London. He subsequently became co-presenter of the comedy current affairs show "The 11 O'Clock Show" on Channel 4 and "". After three years at London speech station LBC 97.3, Lee resigned and, after two years presenting a Sunday night slot, hosted "Iain Lee's 2 Hour Long Late Night Radio Show" on Absolute Radio until leaving the company on 17 October 2011.

Question: Which comedy current affairs show on Channel 4 does this English comedian and broadcaster, who also presented "Thumb Bandits"?
Answer: The 11 O'Clock Show
Solar energy
Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis, green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

Question: What is the cause of atmospheric circulation?
Answer: Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The Norte Chico civilization (in present-day Peru) is one of the defining six original civilizations of the world, arising independently around the same time as that of Egypt. Many later pre-Columbian civilizations achieved great complexity, with hallmarks that included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, engineering, astronomy, trade, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with the contact and colonization period, and were documented in historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, Aztec and Nahua peoples, had their own written languages and records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and burned many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

Question: What did European colonists destroy on their pyres?
Answer: written records
Freemasonry
Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

Question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?
Answer: they are never invited
Teide National Park
Teide National Park ( , ] ) is a national park located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
Cabañeros National Park
Cabañeros National Park (in Spanish: "Parque Nacional de Cabañeros") is a national park in the Montes de Toledo, Spain. It falls within two provinces, the northwest of Ciudad Real and the southwest of Toledo.

Question: What is a national park located in Tenerife, Teide National Park or Cabañeros National Park?
Answer: Teide National Park
Washington University in St. Louis
Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues, and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St. Louis region as one of America's great metropolitan areas," said Wrighton.

Question: What year did Chancellor Wrighton submit another bid for a presidential debate at Washington University after 2004? 
Answer: 2008
Cuba Crossing
Cuba Crossing, also known as "Assignment: Kill Castro", "Kill Castro", and "Sweet Dirty Tony", is a 1980 German/American international co-production action film directed by Chuck Workman and distributed by Troma Entertainment. The film was produced by Wolfgang Bellenbaum and Jack White. The film stars Stuart Whitman, Robert Vaughn, Woody Strode, Albert Salmi, Sybil Danning, Michael Gazzo, and White's then wife Marie-Louise Gassen. 
Michael V. Gazzo
Michael Vincenzo Gazzo (April 5, 1923 – February 14, 1995) was an American playwright who later in life became a film and television actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in "The Godfather Part II" (1974).

Question: The American playwright nominated for a role in "The Godfather Part II" appeared in what 1980 German/American action film?
Answer: Cuba Crossing
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable.

Question: How is the Eritrean highway system named?
Answer: according to the road classification
Political corruption
Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption where it is enabled with mutual legal assistance between the states parties regarding investigations, processes and judicial actions related to corruption crimes, as established in article 46.

Question: When did the United Nations Convention against Corruption join?
Answer: 2003
Elizabeth II
In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

Question: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?
Answer: Provisional Irish Republican Army
Wilhelm Keitel
Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal and war criminal during the Nazi era who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command ("Oberkommando der Wehrmacht", OKW) during World War II. In this capacity, Keitel signed a number of criminal orders and directives that led to a war of unprecedented brutality and criminality.
Wilhelm Keitel
Keitel's rise to the Wehrmacht high command began with his appointment as the head of the Armed Forces Office at the Reich Ministry of War in 1935. After Hitler took command of the Wehrmacht in 1938, he replaced the ministry with the OKW, with Keitel as its chief. Keitel was reviled among his military colleagues as Hitler's habitual "yes-man".
Ernst John von Freyend
Ernst John von Freyend (25 March 1909– 24 March 1980) was a German Oberkommando der Wehrmacht officer who served during World War II as the adjutant to Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel. He is notable for unwittingly helping to place the 20 July plot bomb that was intended to kill Adolf Hitler.

Question: Who served as adjutant to the field marshal known as Hitler's mouthpiece?
Answer: Ernst John von Freyend
Alps
Human interference has nearly exterminated the trees in many areas, and, except for the beech forests of the Austrian Alps, forests of deciduous trees are rarely found after the extreme deforestation between the 17th and 19th centuries. The vegetation has changed since the second half of the 20th century, as the high alpine meadows cease to be harvested for hay or used for grazing which eventually might result in a regrowth of forest. In some areas the modern practice of building ski runs by mechanical means has destroyed the underlying tundra from which the plant life cannot recover during the non-skiing months, whereas areas that still practice a natural "piste" type of ski slope building preserve the fragile underlayers.

Question: What are rarely found after the extreme deforestation between the 17th and 19th centuries?
Answer: forests of deciduous trees
Chihuahua (state)
The earliest evidence of human inhabitants of modern-day Chihuahua was discovered in the area of Samalayuca and Rancho Colorado. Clovis points have been found in northeastern Chihuahua that have been dated from 12,000 BC to 7000 BC. It is thought that these inhabitants were hunter gatherers. Inhabitants of the state later developed farming with the domestication of corn. An archeological site in northern Chihuahua known as "Cerro Juanaqueña" revealed squash cultivation, irrigation techniques, and ceramic artifacts dating to around 2000 BC.

Question: What range of years are the oldest ruins from?
Answer: 12,000 BC to 7000 BC
Flag of Canada
The National Flag of Canada ( ] ), often simply referred to as the Canadian flag, or unofficially as the Maple Leaf or (] ;  'the one-leafed' ), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1:2:1, in the middle of which is featured a stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf charged in the centre. It is the first flag to have been adopted by both houses of Parliament and officially proclaimed by the Canadian monarch as the country's official national flag.
National colours of Canada
The national colours of Canada ( ) were declared by King George V in 1921 to be red and white and are most prominently evident on the country's national flag. Red is symbolic of England and white of France, the colours having been used representatively by those countries in the past. The maple is one of the national symbols and red is the first leaf colour after spring budding & also the autumn colour of maple leaves.

Question: Which country's flag features one of the national symbols, an 11-pointed maple leaf?
Answer: Canada
Pub
The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. Jamaica Inn near Bolventor in Cornwall gave its name to a 1936 novel by Daphne du Maurier and a 1939 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: "An Innkeeper's Diary" (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub.

Question: In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published?
Answer: 1931
Queen Victoria
In 1887, the British Empire celebrated the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. She marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. Two days later on 23 June, she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Urdu (known as Hindustani) and acting as a clerk. Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus. Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do." Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension, on her death.

Question: Who accused Karim of spying?
Answer: Her family and retainers
Columbia Theological Seminary
Columbia Theological Seminary is a Presbyterian seminary in Decatur, Georgia. It is one of ten theological institutions affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).
Presbyterian Church (USA)
The Presbyterian Church (USA), abbreviated PC(USA), is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. A part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the US, and known for its relatively progressive stance on doctrine. The PC(USA) was established by the 1983 merger of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, whose churches were located in the Southern and border states, with the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, whose congregations could be found in every state. The similarly named Presbyterian Church in America is a separate denomination whose congregations can also trace their history to the various schisms and mergers of Presbyterian churches in the United States.

Question: The theological institution Columbia Theological Seminary is affiliated with was established with a merger in what year?
Answer: 1983
Queen Clea
Queen Clea is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as an adversary for the superhero Wonder Woman. The ruthless dictator of Venturia, a remote kingdom on the sunken continent of Atlantis, she first appeared in 1944 in "Wonder Woman" #8, volume 1, written by Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston and illustrated by Harry G. Peter. After several clashes with Wonder Woman, Queen Clea became a member of Villainy Inc., a team of super-villainesses consisting of several of Wonder Woman's Golden Age foes, including the Cheetah, Giganta and Doctor Poison. She made several Silver Age appearances (including one in "Justice League of America" #135 in 1976 in which she allied with Batman's enemies the Penguin and Blockbuster, along with the Captain Marvel foe Ibac), as well as several Post-Crisis appearances in which she was the leader of Villainy Inc.
Cheetah (comics)
The Cheetah is a fictional supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as the archenemy of the superhero Wonder Woman. She was created by William Moulton Marston as an allegory of the folly of abnormal emotions such as jealousy, as well as to be another embodiment of what he called "less actively developed women" (emotionally misaligned) who needed emotional reform by a love leader (Wonder Woman). The Cheetah originally appeared in "Wonder Woman" #6 (cover-dated: autumn 1943). She has been described as "one of Wonder Woman's most iconic enemies."

Question: Queen Clea was a villainess along with the fictional character created by whom?
Answer: William Moulton Marston
History of India
Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or Śramaṇa movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BCE), proponent of Jainism, and Gautama Buddha (c. 563–483 BCE), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Śramaṇa gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death, the concept of samsara, and the concept of liberation. Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the "Śramaṇa" religions.

Question: What prominent icon founded Buddhism? 
Answer: Buddha
Sanskrit
Sanskrit ( ; , ] ( ) ) is an Indo-Aryan or Indic language of the ancient Indian subcontinent with a 3,500-year history. It is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and the predominant language of most works of Hindu philosophy as well as some of the principal texts of Buddhism and Jainism. Sanskrit, in its variants and numerous dialects, was the "lingua franca" of ancient and medieval India. In the early 1st millennium AD, along with Buddhism and Hinduism, Sanskrit migrated to Southeast Asia, parts of East Asia and Central Asia, emerging as a language of high culture and of local ruling elites in these regions. 
Sanskrit
Sanskrit is an Old Indo-Aryan language. As one of the oldest documented members of the Indo-European family of languages, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies. It is related to Greek and Latin, as well as Hittite, Luwian, Old Avestan and many other living and extinct languages with historical significance to Europe, West Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. It traces its linguistic ancestry to the Proto-Indo-Aryan, Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European languages. 
Shridhar Bhaskar Warnekar
Dr. Shridhar Bhaskar Warnekar was Sanskrit scholar born in Nagpur, India, on 31 July 1918. He wrote many Sanskrit poems and verses.

Question: What religion was the language used by Dr. Shridhar Bhaskar Warnekar the primary language of?
Answer: Hinduism
Nick Matzke
Nicholas J. Matzke is the former Public Information Project Director at the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) and served an instrumental role in NCSE's preparation for the 2005 "Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District" trial. One of his chief contributions was discovering drafts of "Of Pandas and People" which demonstrated that the term "intelligent design" was later substituted for "creationism". This became a key component of Barbara Forrest's testimony. After the trial he co-authored a commentary in "Nature Immunology", was interviewed on Talk of the Nation, and was profiled in "Seed magazine" as one of nine "revolutionary minds".
Barbara Forrest
Barbara Carroll Forrest is a professor of philosophy at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. She is a critic of intelligent design and the Discovery Institute.

Question: What professor of philosophy at Southeastern Louisiana University use Nick Matzke's research during the 2005 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial?
Answer: Barbara Forrest
Treaty
The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, but sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. Finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after the treaty is signed by the President.
Treaty
In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than in international law. US law distinguishes what it calls "treaties" from "executive agreements", which are either "congressional-executive agreements" or "sole executive agreements". The classes are all equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only in internal US law.

Question: What type of agreement requires majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after a treaty is signed by the United States president?
Answer: congressional-executive agreements
Three... Extremes
Three... Extremes (; ; ; "Utsukushī Yoru, Zankokuna Asa") is a 2004 international East Asian horror film collaboration consisting of three segments by three directors from three countries. It is a sequel to, and follows the concept of "Three" (2002), this time with more established directors.
Three (2002 film)
Three (, , ) is a 2002 horror film collaboration consisting of three omnibus segments by directors from three Asian countries. The segments are, in the following order:

Question: Which 2004 horror film is a sequel to a 2002 horror film collaboration consisting of three omnibus segments by directors from three Asian countries?
Answer: Three... Extremes
Lincoln City F.C.
Lincoln City Football Club is a professional association football club based in the city of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. The team compete in League One , the third tier of the English football league system. Nicknamed the "Imps" after the legend of the Lincoln Imp, they have played at 10,120-capacity Sincil Bank since their move from John O'Gaunts in 1895. For sponsorship reasons the ground was re-branded as LNER Stadium in late 2019 on a three-year contract, with previous renamings in 2012 and 2013.
Lincoln City F.C.
Traditionally they play in red and white striped shirts with black shorts and red and white socks. They hold rivalries with other Lincolnshire football clubs, particularly Football League sides Scunthorpe United and Grimsby Town, including non-League Boston United.
Don Dykes
Donald William Dykes (8 June 1930 – 25 October 2016) was an English professional footballer who made 95 appearances in the Football League playing for Lincoln City. He played as a wing half.

Question: This wing half played for what football club?
Answer: Lincoln City Football Club
King of the Hill
King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels for the Fox Broadcasting Company that ran from January 12, 1997, to May 6, 2010. It centers on the Hills, a middle-class American family in the fictional city of Arlen, Texas. Patriarch and main character Hank Hill, who works as assistant manager at Strickland Propane, is the everyman and general protagonist of the series. Hank is friends with other residents on his block, especially Bill Dauterive, Dale Gribble, and Jeff Boomhauer, all of whom he has known since elementary school. The show attempts to maintain a realistic approach, seeking humor in the conventional and mundane aspects of everyday life.
Peggy Hill
Margaret J. "Peggy" Hill (née Platter) is a fictional character in the Fox animated series "King of the Hill". Voiced by Kathy Najimy, she is the wife of Hank Hill and mother of Bobby Hill.

Question: When did the show on which Peggy Hill was a character begin its run?
Answer: January 12, 1997
British Isles
Many globally popular sports had their modern rules codified in the British Isles, including golf, association football, cricket, rugby, snooker and darts, as well as many minor sports such as croquet, bowls, pitch and putt, water polo and handball. A number of sports are popular throughout the British Isles, the most prominent of which is association football. While this is organised separately in different national associations, leagues and national teams, even within the UK, it is a common passion in all parts of the islands. Rugby union is also widely enjoyed across the islands with four national teams from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The British and Irish Lions is a team chosen from each national team and undertakes tours of the Southern Hemisphere rugby-playing nations every four years. Ireland play as a united team, represented by players from both Northern Ireland and the Republic. These national rugby teams play each other each year for the Triple Crown as part of the Six Nations Championship. Also, since 2001, the professional club teams of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Italy compete against each other in the Pro14.

Question: What is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom?
Answer: association football
A cappella
The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools ('music schools') with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.

Question: Who describes the many reasons for Sweden's heavy involvement in a cappella?
Answer: Richard Sparks
Nonprofit organization
The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these 'board-only' organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fellow directors' nominations. Part VI Governance, Management, and Disclosure, section A, question 7a of the Form 990 asks 'Did the organization have members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body?'; the IRS instructions added '(other than the organization's governing body itself, acting in such capacity)'.

Question: Who is in control of the organization?
Answer: board of directors
Shoah (film)
Shoah is a 1985 French documentary film about the Holocaust, directed by Claude Lanzmann. Over nine hours long and 11 years in the making, the film presents Lanzmann's interviews with survivors, witnesses and perpetrators during visits to German Holocaust sites across Poland, including extermination camps.
Motherland (2010 film)
Motherland ( " ") is a 2010 independent documentary film directed and written by Owen 'Alik Shahadah. "Motherland" is the sequel to the 2005 documentary "500 Years Later".

Question: What movie was released earlier, Motherland or Shoah?
Answer: Shoah
Kalalau Trail
The Kalalau Trail is a trail along Nā Pali Coast of the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. The trail runs approximately 11 mi along the island's north shore from Keʻ e Beach to the Kalalau Valley. The trail has been named one of the most beautiful, and dangerous, hikes of the United States.
Kalalau Trail
Expert hikers or trail runners can complete the roundtrip 22 mi trek in a day, but the average hiker requires a two-day minimum and will camp along the trail. Camping is only permitted at a forested streamside campsite Hanakoa Valley (6 mile mark) and Kalalau Beach.
Hanakapiai Beach
Hanakāpīʻai Beach is a beach in the Hawaiian islands located on Kauai's Nā Pali Coast. The beach is approximately 2 mi from the start of the Kalalau Trail, a very popular hiking trail which is located at Keʻe Beach. It is also about 2 miles from Hanakapiai Falls. During summer months, Hanakāpīʻai Beach's sandy shore line is clearly visible; during winter months, dangerously powerful waves and high tides wash away the sandy shore line. The beach is remotely located with no road access. The word "Hanakāpīʻai" literally means "bay sprinkling food" in Hawaiian.

Question: How long is the trail 2 miles from Hanakapiai Beach?
Answer: 11 mi