qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Halfdan Ragnarsson
One of six sons of Ragnar Lodbrok named in Norse sagas, Halfdan's brothers or half-brothers included Björn Ironside, Ivar the Boneless, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, Ubba and Hvitserk. Because Halfdan is not mentioned in any source that mentions Hvitserk, some scholars have suggested that they are the same individual – a possibility reinforced by the fact that Halfdan was a relatively common name among Vikings and "Hvitserk" "white shirt" may have been an epithet or nickname that distinguished Halfdan from other men by the same name.
Halfdan Ragnarsson
Halfdan was the first Viking King of Northumbria and a pretender to the throne of Kingdom of Dublin. It is also possible he was for a time co-ruler of Denmark with his brother Sigurd Snake-in-the-eye, because Frankish sources mention certain Sigfred and Halfdan as rulers in 873. He died at the Battle of Strangford Lough in 877 trying to press his Irish claim.
Auisle
Auisle or Óisle ( or ; died c. 867) was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late ninth century. He was the son of the king of Lochlann, identified in the non-contemporary "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland" as Gofraid, and brother of Amlaíb Conung and Ímar, the latter of whom founded the Uí Ímair dynasty, and whose descendants would go on to dominate the Irish Sea region for several centuries. Another Viking leader, Halfdan Ragnarsson, is sometimes considered a brother. The Irish Annals title Auisle, Ímar and Amlaíb "kings of the foreigners". Modern scholars use the title "kings of Dublin" after the Viking settlement which formed the base of their power.

Question: Auisle or Óisle, was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late of which century, a nother Viking leader, Halfdan Ragnarsson, is sometimes considered a brother?
Answer: ninth
Electric motor
In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors". Although they were used only for teaching, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator. The device employed no permanent magnets, as the magnetic fields of both the stationary and revolving components were produced solely by the currents flowing through their windings.

Question: What did Jedlik call his earliest devices?
Answer: electromagnetic self-rotors
Battle of France
The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War. On 3 September 1939 France had declared war on Germany, following the German invasion of Poland. In early September 1939, France began the limited Saar Offensive. By mid-October, the French had withdrawn to their start lines. In six weeks from 10 May 1940, German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations, conquering France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, ending land operations on the Western Front until the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940.
Battle of France
In (Case Yellow), German armoured units made a surprise push through the Ardennes, and then along the Somme valley, cutting off and surrounding the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium to meet the expected German invasion. British, Belgian and French forces were pushed back to the sea by the German armies and the British evacuated the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), French and Belgian troops from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.
Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
The Fortified Sector of Maubeuge ("Secteur Fortifié de Maubeuge") was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line between the French border with Belgium and Maubeuge, a distance of about 70 km . The sector was not as strongly defended as other sections of the Maginot Line Large portions of the Maubeuge sector were defended by blockhouses or casemates. The sector includes only four "ouvrages" of the type found in stronger sections of the Line, arranged in an arc to the north and east of the fortified city of Maubeuge, incorporating defenses from the First World War. The Maubeuge sector and the Fortified Sector of the Escaut were the final sections of the Maginot line to be authorized, and were termed the "New Fronts." In the Battle of France the large fortifications of Maubeuge successfully resisted determined German bombardments and infantry attacks, despite their failure to protect Maubeuge against the Germans, who had outflanked the defensive line and who assaulted the fortification lines from the rear. Surrender or evacuation came only after the positions were surrounded and cut off from any hope of reinforcement. One "ouvrage" and one pre-Maginot fortification have been preserved.

Question: Who was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line between the French border with Belgium and Maubeuge in the battle know as The Fall of France?
Answer: Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
Royal Institute of British Architects
The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A. The Reading Room, designed by the building's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam, retains its original 1934 Art Deco interior with open bookshelves, original furniture and double-height central space. The study rooms, opened in 2004, were designed by Wright & Wright. The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge. It operates a free learning programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre.

Question: Where are RIBA's Study Rooms located?
Answer: the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A
Age of Enlightenment
The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total.

Question: The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage?
Answer: just one-tenth of the total
Elevator
Independent service or car preference is a special mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralised control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on this mode, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is rerouted to the other elevators, while in a single elevator, the hall buttons are disabled). The elevator will remain parked on a floor with its doors open until a floor is selected and the door close button is held until the elevator starts to travel. Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.

Question: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?
Answer: the hall buttons are disabled
Adolescence
The major landmark of puberty for males is spermarche, the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless of genes, a girl must have a certain proportion of body fat to attain menarche. Consequently, girls who have a high-fat diet and who are not physically active begin menstruating earlier, on average, than girls whose diet contains less fat and whose activities involve fat reducing exercise (e.g. ballet and gymnastics). Girls who experience malnutrition or are in societies in which children are expected to perform physical labor also begin menstruating at later ages.

Question: At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur?
Answer: 13
Data compression
The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom. Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies.

Question: What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom?
Answer: broadcast automation system
Jennette McCurdy
Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (born June 26, 1992) is an American actress, YouTuber, singer, director, and writer. She is known for playing Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon sitcom "iCarly" and its spin-off series "Sam & Cat". McCurdy has also appeared in a number of television series, including "Victorious", "Zoey 101", "True Jackson VP", "Malcolm in the Middle", and "Lincoln Heights", and has also produced, written, and starred in her own online series titled "What's Next for Sarah?" From May 2015 to August 2016, she starred in the Netflix/Citytv drama series "Between" as Wiley Day.
ICarly (season 5)
The fifth season of "iCarly" began airing on Nickelodeon on August 13, 2011, and finished its run on January 21, 2012. This season features Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove), Sam Puckett (Jennette McCurdy), Freddie Benson (Nathan Kress) and Gibby Gibson (Noah Munck) as their web show, "iCarly", is becoming more popular worldwide, with Sam and Freddie now as a confirmed couple, until the episode, "iLove You". Jerry Trainor co-stars as Carly's older brother Spencer, and Noah Munck co-stars as Gibby. This season had the specials "iLost My Mind", "iDate Sam & Freddie", "iBloop 2: Electric Bloopaloo", "iStill Psycho, and "iMeet the First Lady".

Question: What year did the fifth season of the show Jennette McCurdy is best known for her role on begin airing?
Answer: 2011
Boston
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts serves just under 200 congregations, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat. Unitarian Universalism has its headquarters in the Fort Point neighborhood. The Christian Scientists are headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630. King's Chapel was the city's first Anglican church, founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), Old South Church (1874), Jubilee Christian Church, and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878).

Question: What was the city's first Anglican church?
Answer: King's Chapel
Pat Boone
Patrick Charles Eugene Boone (born June 1, 1934) is an American singer, composer, actor, writer, television personality, motivational speaker, and spokesman. He was a successful pop singer in the United States during the 1950s and early 1960s. He sold more than 45 million records, had 38 Top 40 hits, and appeared in more than 12 Hollywood films.
Mexico (instrumental)
"Mexico" is the title of a 1961 instrumental recording by American bassist, orchestra leader, and Rockabilly Hall of Fame member Bob Moore. The song was written by Boudleaux Bryant. Moore was a noted session musician in the 1950s and 1960s who worked with Elvis Presley, Pat Boone, Roy Orbison, and Brenda Lee, among others. The song "Mexico" is credited to Bob Moore and His Orchestra, and in the fall of 1961 it became the only single where Moore is listed as an artist to reach the Top 40 of the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The song peaked at #7 and spent ten weeks in the Top 40. Moreover, it reached #1 on the Easy Listening chart, remaining at the top for one week in October 1961. It reached #22 on the R&B chart. Outside the U.S., "Mexico" was a #1 hit in both Australia and Germany, and it sold over two million records worldwide.

Question: This successful pop singer who sold more than 45 million records collaborated with the musician of what song that reached Top 40 in 1961?
Answer: Mexico
List of numbered streets in Manhattan
187th Street crosses Washington Heights, running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and overlooking the West Side Highway and the Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs between Overlook Terrace in the Broadway valley and Fort Washington Avenue. West of the stairs is a one-block shopping street serving the Hudson Heights neighborhood.

Question: Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?
Answer: Broadway valley
Scopolia
Scopolia is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to Europe and Asia. The genus is named after Giovanni Scopoli (1723–88), a Tyrolean naturalist.
Bellium
Bellium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region.

Question: Which is native to Asia, Scopolia or Bellium?
Answer: Scopolia
Madonna
While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy and they lived in an abandoned synagogue in Corona, Queens. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her then boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, but Madonna later decided to promote herself as a solo act. Her music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

Question: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?
Answer: Dan Gilroy
Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary resided in "her own house" in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal—the first stage of a Jewish marriage—the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and, after initially expressing incredulity at the announcement, she responded, "I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word." Joseph planned to quietly divorce her, but was told her conception was by the Holy Spirit in a dream by "an angel of the Lord"; the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.

Question: In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception?
Answer: an angel of the Lord
The Star-Spangled Banner
"The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the "Defence of Fort M'Henry", a poem written on September 14, 1814, by 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large U.S. flag, with 15 stars and 15 stripes, known as the Star-Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the U.S. victory.
Challenger (eagle)
Challenger is a non-releasable bald eagle in the care of the non-profit American Eagle Foundation. He is the first bald eagle in history trained to free fly into places including the North Carolina Zoo.

Question: The first bald eagle in history, Challenger, is trained to free fly into major sporting events during what national anthem of the United States of America
Answer: The Star-Spangled Banner
Beyoncé
In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of "Dangerously in Love", Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording "Destiny Fulfilled", the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the "Billboard" 200, "Destiny Fulfilled" included the singles "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier", which reached the top five on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It sponsored by McDonald's Corporation, and performed hits such as "No, No, No", "Survivor", "Say My Name", "Independent Women" and "Lose My Breath". In addition to renditions of the group's recorded material, they also performed songs from each singer's solo careers, most notably numbers from "Dangerously in Love". and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album "Number 1's" on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006. The group has sold 60 million records worldwide.

Question: Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year?
Answer: 2006
Brandon, Mississippi
Brandon is a city in Rankin County, Mississippi, United States. Brandon was incorporated December 19, 1831. The population was 21,705 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Rankin County. Brandon is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is located east of the state capital.
WRBJ-FM
WRBJ-FM (97.7 FM) is an urban contemporary radio station in Jackson, Mississippi, but licensed to Brandon, Mississippi. The station is owned and operated by Roberts Broadcasting, former owners of The CW television affiliate WRBJ. Its studios are located at The Roberts Building along State Street in Jackson, just two blocks north of the Mississippi State Capitol building, and the transmitter tower is south of Brandon.

Question: WRBJ-FM is licensed to a city in what Mississippi county?
Answer: Rankin County
Schnell Brewery
The brewery, owned by George Schnell, was located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood on 20th Street between M and N Streets, Northwest. It was purchased by Christian Heurich and Paul Rutter in 1872 and served as the first location of the Christian Heurich Brewing Company. 
Schnell Brewery
The Schnell brewery produced Weißbier in small quantities during its operation. When the brewery was purchased by Heurich and Ritter, George Schnell was sick and the brewery was operated by his wife, one of the early female brewers in Washington DC.
Wheat beer
Wheat beer is a beer, usually top-fermented, which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are Weißbier, based on the German tradition, and Witbier, based on the Belgian tradition; other types include Lambic (made with wild yeasts and bacteria), Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a German-type sour, salty, herbal beer).

Question: Schnell Brewery (1864–1872), owned by who, was located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood, the Schnell brewery produced Weißbier, a wheat beer, in small quantities during its operation, a wheat beer,  usually top-fermented, which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley?
Answer: George Schnell
Tremont, Maine
Tremont is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. It is located on the southwestern side of Mount Desert Island, known to locals as "the quiet side."
Moore-Mayo House
The Moore-Mayo House is a historic house on Lighthouse Road in Bass Harbor, a village of Tremont, Maine. The architecturally vernacular house was built beginning in 1947 by the authors Ruth Moore and Eleanor Mayo, who lived and wrote there until their respective deaths in 1989 and 1981. Moore in particular has been cited as a major mid-20th century writer of Maine culture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Question: The Moore-Mayo House is in what Maine county?
Answer: Hancock County
Boy George
George Alan O'Dowd (born 14 June 1961), known professionally as Boy George, is an English singer, songwriter, DJ and fashion designer. He is the lead singer of the pop band Culture Club. At the height of the band's fame, during the 1980s, they recorded global hit songs such as "Karma Chameleon", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" and "Time (Clock of the Heart)". George is known for his soulful voice and his androgynous appearance. He was part of the English New Romantic movement which emerged in the late 1970s to the early 1980s.
Collect – 12" Mixes Plus
Culture Club Collect – 12" Mixes Plus is a compilation album by British band Culture Club, first released in 1991 by Virgin for the VIP Series. The album includes remixes and extended versions of Culture Club songs that were recorded for their first four albums (1982–1986) plus a couple of their stand-out tracks, some B-sides as well as the P. W. Botha 12" Remix of lead singer Boy George’s solo British and European Number One single "Everything I Own".

Question: What song did Collect-12" Mixes Plus remix?
Answer: compilation album
Pub
In the 1950s some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The ploughman's lunch became popular in the late 1960s, as did the convenient "chicken in a basket", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin in a wicker basket.

Question: Along with chicken, what food was included in "chicken in a basket"?
Answer: chips
Tron: The Ghost in the Machine
Tron: The Ghost in the Machine is a six-issue comic book miniseries produced by Slave Labor Graphics. It continues the storyline of the film "Tron" and the video game "Tron 2.0".
Tron 2.0
Tron 2.0 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions. The Microsoft Windows version of the game was released by Buena Vista Interactive on August 26, 2003. The Mac OS X version was released by MacPlay on April 21, 2004. The game is based on "Tron", a 1982 science-fiction film.

Question: What company produced Tron 2.0 along with Tron: The Ghost in the Machine?
Answer: Slave Labor Graphics
Royal Institute of British Architects
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '... the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith...'

Question: What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
Answer: The original Charter of 1837
Darlingia
Darlingia is a small genus of two species of rainforest tree from Northern Queensland. It was described by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1866.
Borassodendron
Borassodendron is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It contains two species, native to Southeast Asia.

Question: Which genus has more species, Darlingia or Borassodendron?
Answer: Darlingia
Frédéric Chopin
Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts. The group travelled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. While in Marseilles Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ during a requiem mass for the tenor Adolphe Nourrit on 24 April 1839, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's "lied" "Die Gestirne" (D. 444). In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings.

Question: Who did Sand sell the piano to?
Answer: the Canuts.
New Haven, Connecticut
Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.

Question: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?
Answer: 7,000
Fritz Tornow
Tornow had the task of taking care of Hitler's beloved German shepherd Blondi, as well as her puppies, and Eva Braun's dogs. Additionally, Tornow had his own pet dachshund.
Blondi
Blondi (1941 – 29 April 1945) was Adolf Hitler's German Shepherd, a gift as a puppy from Martin Bormann in 1941. Blondi stayed with Hitler even after his move into the "Führerbunker" located underneath the garden of the Reich Chancellery on 16 January 1945.

Question: Who gave Adolf Hitler a German shepherd puppy as a gift which was then taken care of by Tornow and was also his companion during his move to the Fuhrerbunker located underneath Reich Chancellery garden?
Answer: Martin Bormann
Euromoney
Euromoney is an English-language monthly magazine focused on business and finance. First published in 1969, it is the flagship production of Euromoney Institutional Investor plc.
Felix Salmon
Felix Salmon (born 1972) is a financial journalist, formerly of "Portfolio Magazine" and "Euromoney" and a former finance blogger for Reuters, where he analyzed economic and occasionally social issues in addition to financial commentary. In April 2014, Salmon left Reuters for a digital role at Fusion. In 2018, he joined Axios as chief financial correspondent.

Question: Felix Salmon is a financial journalist who formerly worked for "Portfolio Magazine" and another magazine first published in what year?
Answer: 1969
Tucson, Arizona
In the early 21st century, Central Tucson is considered bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic; it passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 mi to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path.

Question: Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only?
Answer: half
Professor Moriarty
Professor James Moriarty is a fictional character in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Moriarty is a machiavellian criminal mastermind whom Holmes describes as the "Napoleon of crime". Doyle lifted the phrase from a Scotland Yard inspector who was referring to Adam Worth, a real-life criminal mastermind and one of the individuals upon whom the character of Moriarty was based. The character was introduced primarily as a narrative device to enable Doyle to kill Sherlock Holmes, and he only featured in two of the Sherlock Holmes stories. However, in adaptations, he has often been given a greater prominence and treated as Sherlock Holmes' archenemy.
Professor Moriarty
Professor Moriarty's first and only appearance occurred in the 1893 short story "The Adventure of the Final Problem" (set in 1891), in which Holmes, on the verge of delivering a fatal blow to Moriarty's criminal organization, is forced to flee to continental Europe to escape Moriarty's retribution. The criminal mastermind follows, and the pursuit ends on top of the Reichenbach Falls, an encounter that apparently ends with both Holmes and Moriarty falling to their deaths. In this story, Moriarty is introduced as a criminal mastermind who protects nearly all of the criminals of England in exchange for their obedience and a share in their profits. Holmes, by his own account, was originally led to Moriarty by his perception that many of the crimes he investigated were not isolated incidents, but instead the machinations of a vast and subtle criminal organization.
The Final Solution (novel)
The Final Solution: A Story of Detection is a 2004 novella by Michael Chabon. It is a detective story that in many ways pays homage to the writings of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and other writers of the genre. The story, set in 1944, revolves around an unnamed 89-year-old long-retired detective (who may or may not be Sherlock Holmes, but is always called just "the old man"), now interested mostly in beekeeping, and his quest to find a missing parrot, the only friend of a mute Jewish boy. The title of the novella references Doyle's 1893 Sherlock Holmes story "The Final Problem" (in which Holmes confronts his greatest enemy, Professor Moriarty, at Reichenbach Falls) and the Final Solution (the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people), as well as "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution", a 1974 novel written in homage to Doyle by Nicholas Meyer.

Question: The Final Solution pays homage to a series where Sherlock Holmes calls his later archenemy the "Napoleon" of what?
Answer: crime
Selena Gomez
Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television producer. Born and raised in Texas, Gomez began her career by appearing on the children's television series "Barney & Friends" (2002–2004). In her teens, she gained wider recognition for her role as Alex Russo on the Emmy Award-winning Disney Channel television series "Wizards of Waverly Place" (2007–2012).
Selena Gomez
Alongside her television career, Gomez has starred in the films "Another Cinderella Story" (2008), "Princess Protection Program" (2009), "" (2009), "Ramona and Beezus" (2010), "Monte Carlo" (2011), "Spring Breakers" (2012), "Getaway" (2013), "The Fundamentals of Caring" (2016), "The Dead Don't Die" (2019), and "A Rainy Day in New York" (2019). She also voices the character of Mavis in the "Hotel Transylvania" film franchise (2012–present), and executive produced the Netflix television series "13 Reasons Why" (2017–2020) and "Living Undocumented" (2019).
Shake It Up: I Love Dance
Shake It Up: I Love Dance (stylized as Shake It Up: I <3 Dance, also known as Shake It Up: I ♥ Dance) is the third and final soundtrack for the Disney Channel Original Series "Shake It Up". It was released on March 5, 2013. The soundtrack is based on songs featuring on the show's third (and final) season (2012-2013). The album features musical artists associated with or popularized by Disney Channel stars Bella Thorne, Zendaya, Bridgit Mendler, McClain Sisters, Caroline Sunshine, Roshon Fegan, Selena Gomez, Coco Jones, Olivia Holt and Dove Cameron, as well as non-Disney Channel stars Young L.A. (BG5), Drew Seeley, TKO, SOS and Nevermind.

Question: When was the  American singer and actress born who is associated with  Shake It Up: I Love Dance and rose to fame playing the lead role of Alex Russo in the Disney Channel series "Wizards of Waverly Place" (2007–2012)?
Answer: July 22, 1992
Political corruption
Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest. For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establishment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with.

Question: Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?
Answer: Irish Banking crisis
Ming–Tibet relations
Van Praag states that the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet merely to secure urgently needed horses. Wang and Nyima argue that these were not diplomatic delegations at all, that Tibetan areas were ruled by the Ming since Tibetan leaders were granted positions as Ming officials, that horses were collected from Tibet as a mandatory "corvée" tax, and therefore Tibetans were "undertaking domestic affairs, not foreign diplomacy". Sperling writes that the Ming simultaneously bought horses in the Kham region while fighting Tibetan tribes in Amdo and receiving Tibetan embassies in Nanjing. He also argues that the embassies of Tibetan lamas visiting the Ming court were for the most part efforts to promote commercial transactions between the lamas' large, wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants and officials. Kolmaš writes that while the Ming maintained a laissez-faire policy towards Tibet and limited the numbers of the Tibetan retinues, the Tibetans sought to maintain a tributary relationship with the Ming because imperial patronage provided them with wealth and power. Laird writes that Tibetans eagerly sought Ming court invitations since the gifts the Tibetans received for bringing tribute were much greater in value than the latter. As for the Yongle Emperor's gifts to his Tibetan and Nepalese vassals such as silver wares, Buddha relics, utensils for Buddhist temples and religious ceremonies, and gowns and robes for monks, Tsai writes "in his effort to draw neighboring states to the Ming orbit so that he could bask in glory, the Yongle Emperor was quite willing to pay a small price". The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC lists the Tibetan tribute items as oxen, horses, camels, sheep, fur products, medical herbs, Tibetan incenses, "thangkas" (painted scrolls), and handicrafts; while the Ming awarded Tibetan tribute-bearers an equal value of gold, silver, satin and brocade, bolts of cloth, grains, and tea leaves. Silk workshops during the Ming also catered specifically to the Tibetan market with silk clothes and furnishings featuring Tibetan Buddhist iconography.

Question: Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet?
Answer: to secure urgently needed horses
Buckingham Palace
In 1901, the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The King and his wife, Queen Alexandra, had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.

Question: Kind Edward VII and Queen Alexandra's friends were know as what?
Answer: "the Marlborough House Set"
Tuberculosis
People with prolonged, frequent, or close contact with people with TB are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis may infect 10–15 (or more) other people per year. Transmission should occur from only people with active TB – those with latent infection are not thought to be contagious. The probability of transmission from one person to another depends upon several factors, including the number of infectious droplets expelled by the carrier, the effectiveness of ventilation, the duration of exposure, the virulence of the "M. tuberculosis" strain, the level of immunity in the uninfected person, and others. The cascade of person-to-person spread can be circumvented by segregating those with active ("overt") TB and putting them on anti-TB drug regimens. After about two weeks of effective treatment, subjects with nonresistant active infections generally do not remain contagious to others. If someone does become infected, it typically takes three to four weeks before the newly infected person becomes infectious enough to transmit the disease to others.

Question: What term is interchangeable with "active" when talking about tuberculosis infection?
Answer: overt
Tucson, Arizona
In the early 21st century, Central Tucson is considered bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic; it passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 mi to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path.

Question: Which shopping area is on East University?
Answer: Fourth Avenue Shopping District
Fred Durst
William Frederick Durst (born August 20, 1970) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, actor, and film director. He is best known as the frontman and lyricist of the rap rock band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994, with whom he has released six studio albums. 
Get Naked
"Get Naked" is a song by American musician Tommy Lee's first solo project Methods of Mayhem, from their album "Methods of Mayhem". It features vocals by Fred Durst, Lil' Kim and George Clinton, with turntablism contributed by Beastie Boys associate Mix Master Mike.

Question: The song "Get Naked" by Tommy Lee features which artist?
Answer: Fred Durst
Patrick Brice
Donat Patrick Kack-Brice (born April 23, 1983), known professionally as Patrick Brice, is an American film director, actor, screenwriter and cinematographer. He is known for directing "Creep" (2014), "The Overnight" (2015), "Creep 2" (2017), "Corporate Animals" (2019) and "There's Someone Inside Your House" (2020).
Patrick Brice
Brice was born and raised Grass Valley, California. He graduated with a BFA from California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) School of Film & Video. "Creep", his first feature-film as director/writer/actor (co-starring Mark Duplass) was produced by Blumhouse Productions, premiered at SXSW 2014 and was released through Netflix. His second feature as director/writer, "The Overnight" (with Adam Scott, Taylor Schilling and Jason Schwartzman) premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and was released by The Orchard. He wrote and directed "Creep 2" starring Duplass and Desiree Akhavan was released in 2017 through Netflix. His latest film as director, "Corporate Animals", starring Ed Helms and Demi Moore, premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.
Creep (2014 film)
Creep is a 2014 American found footage psychological horror film directed by Patrick Brice, his directorial debut, from a story by Brice and Mark Duplass, who star in the film. Brice portrays a videographer assigned to record an eccentric client, played by Duplass. "Creep" was inspired by Brice's experiences with Craigslist and the movies "My Dinner with Andre", "Misery", and "Fatal Attraction." Brice and Duplass refined the film's story during filming, which resulted in multiple versions of each scene and several alternate end scenarios.
Creep (2014 film)
The film premiered on March 8, 2014, at South by Southwest, and was released on video on demand on June 23, 2015, by The Orchard prior to an international release via Netflix on July 14, 2015. It received positive reviews from critics and has a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 89%. A sequel was released in 2017, also directed by Brice and starring Duplass, with a third film planned for a future release.

Question: Where did the 2014 film by the director of The Overnight premier?
Answer: South by Southwest
Slavs
When Slav migrations ended, their first state organizations appeared, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo supported the Slavs against their Avar rulers, and became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, Samo's Empire. This early Slavic polity probably did not outlive its founder and ruler, but it was the foundation for later West Slavic states on its territory. The oldest of them was Carantania; others are the Principality of Nitra, the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia) and the Balaton Principality. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 as an alliance between the ruling Bulgars and the numerous slavs in the area, and their South Slavic language, the Old Church Slavonic, became the main and official language of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. The expansion of the Magyars into the Carpathian Basin and the Germanization of Austria gradually separated the South Slavs from the West and East Slavs. Later Slavic states, which formed in the following centuries, included the Kievan Rus', the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, Duchy of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Croatia, Banate of Bosnia and the Serbian Empire.

Question: When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded?
Answer: 681
Houston
In the 2000s, the Baylor College of Medicine was annually considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center had been consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by "U.S. News & World Report" since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system was the third largest long term acute care provider nationally in 2005.

Question: How does MD Anderson Cancer Center rank in US hospitals dealing with cancer care?
Answer: one of the top two
Physocarpus
Physocarpus, commonly called ninebark, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to North America (most species) and northeastern Asia (one species).
Corymbia
The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus "Eucalyptus" since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to "Angophora" than to "Eucalyptus", and are now regarded as a separate genus by the Australian Plant Census. All three genera, "Angophora", "Corymbia" and "Eucalyptus", are closely related, and are generally referred to as "eucalypts".
Corymbia
Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus "Corymbia" in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from "Eucalyptus".

Question: Which plant was classified as a Eucalyptus until the mid 90s, the Physocarpus or Corymbia?
Answer: Corymbia
Wenling
Wenling (Wenling dialect: Ueng-ling Zy ] ; ) is a coastal county-level city in the municipal region of Taizhou, in southeastern Zhejiang province, China. It borders Luqiao and Huangyan to the north, Yuhuan to the south, Yueqing to the west, looks out to the East China Sea to the east. Wenling locates on 28°22'N, 121°21'E, approximately 300 km south of Shanghai.
Weinan
Weinan () is a prefecture-level city in the east central Shaanxi province, China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluencing into the Yellow River, about 60 km east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

Question: Weinan and Wenling are both located in what country?
Answer: China
Kathmandu
The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era. Rulers from Tirhut, upon being attacked by Muslims, fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla. These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city. Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. Nepali currency became the standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade.

Question: Along with the Mangriha, what Licchavi-era building was destroyed in an ancient earthquake?
Answer: Kailashkut Bhawan
Dunedin, Florida
Dunedin is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The name comes from "Dùn Èideann", the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. Dunedin is the 5th largest city in Pinellas County. The population was 35,321 at the 2010 census.
Willis S. Blatchley House
Willis S. Blatchley House is a national historic site located at 232 Lee Street, Dunedin, Florida in Pinellas County. It was the house on the American entomologist, malacologist and geologist Willis Blatchley.

Question: The city where Willis S. Blatchley House is located had a population of what at the 2010 census?
Answer: 35,321
Age of Enlightenment
Many women played an essential part in the French Enlightenment, due to the role they played as "salonnières" in Parisian salons, as the contrast to the male "philosophes". The salon was the principal social institution of the republic and "became the civil working spaces of the project of Enlightenment". Women, as salonnières, were "the legitimate governors of [the] potentially unruly discourse" that took place within. While women were marginalized in the public culture of the Old Regime, the French Revolution destroyed the old cultural and economic restraints of patronage and corporatism (guilds), opening French society to female participation, particularly in the literary sphere.

Question: Which event destroyed the former patronage and corporatism of France and allowed women to participate in society?
Answer: French Revolution
Brigham Young University
A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera ('83), Wally Joyner ('84), and Jack Morris, ('76). Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge ('81), 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins ('51), three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić, ('73), NBA center Shawn Bradley, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette ('11). BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young ('84) & J.D. ('96), Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer ('90), and two-time Super Bowl winners Jim McMahon and Kyle Van Noy. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open, and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

Question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?
Answer: Johnny Miller