qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Botany
Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones named for their control of cell division (especially cytokinesis). The natural cytokinin zeatin was discovered in corn, "Zea mays", and is a derivative of the purine adenine. Zeatin is produced in roots and transported to shoots in the xylem where it promotes cell division, bud development, and the greening of chloroplasts. The gibberelins, such as Gibberelic acid are diterpenes synthesised from acetyl CoA via the mevalonate pathway. They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering. Abscisic acid (ABA) occurs in all land plants except liverworts, and is synthesised from carotenoids in the chloroplasts and other plastids. It inhibits cell division, promotes seed maturation, and dormancy, and promotes stomatal closure. It was so named because it was originally thought to control abscission. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that is produced in all higher plant tissues from methionine. It is now known to be the hormone that stimulates or regulates fruit ripening and abscission, and it, or the synthetic growth regulator ethephon which is rapidly metabolised to produce ethylene, are used on industrial scale to promote ripening of cotton, pineapples and other climacteric crops.

Question: How is bud development determined?
Answer: cytokinesis
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Known for playing distinctive supporting and character roles, Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death in 2014. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest actors of his generation. 
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Born and raised in Fairport, New York, Hoffman was drawn to theater in his youth after attending a stage production of Arthur Miller's "All My Sons" at age 12. Hoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, and began his screen career in a 1991 episode of "Law & Order" and started to appear in films in 1992. He gained recognition for his supporting work, notably in "Scent of a Woman" (1992), "Twister" (1996), "Boogie Nights" (1997), "Happiness" (1998), "Patch Adams" (1998), "The Big Lebowski" (1998), "Magnolia" (1999), "The Talented Mr. Ripley" (1999), "Almost Famous" (2000), "Punch-Drunk Love" (2002) and "Along Came Polly" (2004). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in "Capote" (2005), won multiple accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hoffman's profile continued to grow and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in "Charlie Wilson's War" (2007), a priest accused of pedophilia in "Doubt" (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in "The Master" (2012).
Triple Bogey on a Par Five Hole
Triple Bogey on a Par Five Hole is a 1991 independent criminal comedy film directed by Amos Poe and starring Eric Mitchell, Daisy Hall, Alba Clemente Jesse McBride and Philip Seymour Hoffman. The plot concerns a couple who rob golfers. It was Hoffman's film debut (he was credited as "Phil Hoffman").

Question: Which star of "Triple Bogey on a Par Five Hole" died on February 2, 2014?
Answer: Philip Seymour Hoffman
Hellenistic period
Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (  287–212 BC ), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC ), and Euclid (c. 325–265 BC ), whose "Elements" became the most important textbook in Western mathematics until the 19th century AD, built upon the work of the Hellenic-era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem, for the infinitude of primes, and worked on the five Platonic solids. Eratosthenes measured the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (again with remarkable accuracy). Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. Known as the "Father of Geography", Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians, based on the available geographical knowledge of the era.

Question: Who measured the circumference of the Earth?
Answer: Eratosthenes
Magic Mountain, Glenelg
Magic Mountain was a theme park in Glenelg, a beachside suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It opened in December 1982 and closed on 18 July 2004.
The Beachouse
The Beachouse is a family entertainment complex located on the foreshore at Glenelg in Adelaide, South Australia. The five-story complex also features a function room, The Function, Glenelg. The Beachouse replaced the old arcade/entertainment venue, Magic Mountain which stood from 1982 to 2004.

Question: The Beachouse replaced the old acrade/entertainment venue which closed on what date?
Answer: 18 July 2004
God Is My Partner
God Is My Partner is a 1957 American drama film directed by William F. Claxton and written by Charles F. Royal. The film stars Walter Brennan, John Hoyt, Marion Ross, Jesse White, Nelson Leigh and Charles Lane. The film was released in July 1957, by 20th Century Fox. It cost $150,000 and returned more than $750,000.
Jesse White (actor)
Jesse White (born Jesse Marc Weidenfeld;January 3, 1917 – January 9, 1997) was an American character actor who was best known for his portrayal as "Ol' Lonely" the repairman in Maytag television commercials from 1967 to 1988.

Question: What American actor born 1917 starred in God is My Partner?
Answer: Jesse White
East India Company
In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730.

Question: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company
Answer: company lobby
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During fermentation, the wort becomes beer in a process which requires a week to months depending on the type of yeast and strength of the beer. In addition to producing ethanol, fine particulate matter suspended in the wort settles during fermentation. Once fermentation is complete, the yeast also settles, leaving the beer clear.

Question: In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?
Answer: a hopback
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" by Roald Dahl. The film tells the story of a poor child named Charlie Bucket who, after finding a Golden Ticket in a chocolate bar, visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory along with four other children from around the world.
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Filming took place in Munich from August to November 1970. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film. The musical numbers were written by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley while Walter Scharf arranged and conducted the orchestral score.
Ursula Reit
Ursula Reit (née Schedereit; 5 March 1914 – 9 November 1998) also Ursula Reith, was a German television and movie actress, best known for her role as Mrs. Gloop, the mother of Golden Ticket winner Augustus Gloop in "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory" (1971).
Ursula Reit
Most of her roles were on German television between 1965 and 1992, when she retired.

Question: Ursula Reit starred in a movie as Mrs. Gloop which was adapted from what novel?
Answer: "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" by Roald Dahl
1971–72 Milwaukee Bucks season
The 1971–72 Milwaukee Bucks season was the fourth season in franchise history. Led by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the Bucks finished in first place in the Midwest Division. Abdul-Jabbar won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award ahead of Jerry West and Wilt Chamberlain of the Los Angeles Lakers. On January 9, 1972, the Bucks snapped the Los Angeles Lakers 33-game winning streak.
NBA Most Valuable Player Award
The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada.
NBA Most Valuable Player Award
Each member of the voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first-place vote is worth 10 points; each second-place vote is worth seven; each third-place vote is worth five, fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. s of June 2019 , the current holder of the award is Giannis Antetokounmpo of the Milwaukee Bucks.

Question: The 1971–72 Milwaukee Bucks season was led by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar who won what award that is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963?
Answer: NBA Most Valuable Player Award
Underwater (film)
Underwater is a 2020 American science fiction action horror film directed by William Eubank and written by Brian Duffield and Adam Cozad. The film is produced by Chernin Entertainment and stars Kristen Stewart, Vincent Cassel, Jessica Henwick, John Gallagher Jr., Mamoudou Athie, and T.J. Miller. It follows a group of workers on a drilling facility at the bottom of the ocean who encounter hostile creatures after an earthquake destroys the facility. 
Underwater (film)
"Underwater" was released in the United States on January 10, 2020, by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $40 million worldwide against a production budget of $50–80 million. It is notably the last film to be released under the 20th Century Fox brand, as new owner Disney would change the company's name to 20th Century Studios just a week after its release.
T.J. Miller
Todd Joseph Miller (born June 4, 1981) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, producer, and writer.

Question: Which actor that was born on June 4, 1981 is going to appear in the upcoming movie Underwater?
Answer: T.J. Miller
Alemannic German
Alemannic, or rarely Alemannish ("Alemannisch", ] ), is a group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known as the Alemanni.
Alemannic Wikipedia
The Alemannic Wikipedia (Alemannic: "Alemannischi Wikipedia") is the Alemannic language edition of the Web-based free-content encyclopedia Wikipedia. The project was started on November 13, 2003 as an Alsatian language edition. A year later it was expanded to encompass all Alemannic dialects because of low activity in the first year. Since 2004 all Alemannic dialects are accepted on als:wp.

Question: Which branch of dialect is the Alemannic Wikipedia based on?
Answer: German
Battle of Monte Cassino
The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of four assaults by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by Axis forces during the Italian Campaign of World War II. The intention was a breakthrough to Rome.
Thomas E. McCall
Thomas Edward McCall (May 9, 1916 – September 19, 1965) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions during the Battle of Monte Cassino in World War II.

Question: How many assaults were there in the battle that Thomas E. McCall received the Medal of Honor for his actions during?
Answer: four
Taughannock Falls State Park
Taughannock Falls State Park ( ) is a 750 acre state park located in the town of Ulysses in Tompkins County, New York in the United States. The park is northwest of Ithaca near Trumansburg.
Podunk, New York
Podunk is a hamlet located along Taughannock Creek in the town of Ulysses, just south of Trumansburg, New York.

Question: In what county is Podunk located?
Answer: Tompkins
Bud Leavitt Jr.
Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. (January 13, 1917 – December 20, 1994) was a Maine newspaperman who was executive sports editor of the "Bangor Daily News", and a longtime outdoor columnist recognized statewide. In addition to his writing, Leavitt hosted one of Maine's earliest television shows, which was devoted to fishing, hunting and the out-of-doors. Leavitt's stature within the state was such that columnist Roy Blount Jr. wrote of the Maine sportswriter that he "fishes with Ted Williams and Red Smith – or, rather, they trout-fish with him." An early conservationist and son of a paper mill union leader, Leavitt urged the state of Maine to acquire lands for public use; one such preserve is today named for the sportswriter and television personality.
Bangor Daily News
The Bangor Daily News is an American newspaper covering a large portion of central and eastern Maine, published six days per week in Bangor, Maine.

Question: Ralph W. 'Bud' Leavitt Jr. was the executive sports editor of what rural Maine newspaper?
Answer: Bangor Daily News
The Little Match Girl
"The Little Match Girl" ( , meaning "The little girl with the matchsticks") is a literary fairy tale by Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen. The story, about a dying child's dreams and hope, was first published in 1845. It has been adapted to various media, including animated and live-action films, television musicals, and video games.
La vendedora de rosas
La vendedora de rosas is a 1998 Colombian film directed by Víctor Gaviria. The film is loosely based on the 1845 fairy tale "The Little Match Girl" by Hans Christian Andersen; it was entered into the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Question: La vendedora de rosas is a film loosely based on a short story about a dying child's what?
Answer: dreams and hope
Elizabeth II
In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary "Royal Family" and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.

Question: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
Answer: "fairytale Queen"
Heathers
Heathers is a 1989 American black comedy teen film written by Daniel Waters and directed by Michael Lehmann, in both of their respective film debuts. It stars Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, Shannen Doherty, Lisanne Falk, Kim Walker, and Penelope Milford. The film portrays four teenage girls — three of whom are named Heather — in a clique at an Ohio high school, whose lives are disrupted by the arrival of a misanthrope intent on murdering the popular students and staging their deaths as suicides.
Shannen Doherty filmography
American actress Shannen Doherty has appeared in numerous television programs and motion pictures. After her television debut in "Father Murphy" in 1981, she landed her first major role in the dramatic western television series "Little House on the Prairie" (1982–1983), and reprised her role in its three television specials. Doherty received two Young Artist Award nominations for playing the oldest Witherspoon sibling Kris in the family drama "Our House" (1986–1988). She appeared in four films during the 1980s, including the positively-received, animated film "The Secret of NIMH" (1982) and the cult classic "Heathers" (1988). Her breakthrough role was as Brenda Walsh in the teen drama "Beverly Hills, 90210" (1990-1994), but she was later dropped from the series because of backstage issues and her negative image as a "bad girl". She starred in television films in the early and mid-1990s, and played Rene Mosier in the romantic comedy "Mallrats" (1995) in an attempt to rebuild her career.

Question: Shannen Doherty's filmography includes a 1988 American black comedy film that was written by Daniel Waters and directed by who?
Answer: Michael Lehmann
Kathmandu
The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake named "Nagdaha", as it was full of snakes. The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjushree with his sword, and the water was evacuated out from there. He then established a city called Manjupattan, and made Dharmakar the ruler of the valley land. After some time, a demon named Banasur closed the outlet, and the valley again turned into a lake. Then Lord Krishna came to Nepal, killed Banasur, and again drained out the water. He brought some Gopals along with him and made Bhuktaman the king of Nepal.

Question: According to legend, what body of water once existed on the site of Kathmandu?
Answer: lake
Data compression
In the late 1980s, digital images became more common, and standards for lossless image compression emerged. In the early 1990s, lossy compression methods began to be widely used. In these schemes, some loss of information is accepted as dropping nonessential detail can save storage space. There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in luminance than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including psychoacoustics for sound, and psychovisuals for images and video.

Question: What type of data compression is the converse of lossless date data compression?
Answer: Lossy
Macklemore
Benjamin Hammond Haggerty (born June 19, 1983), known by his stage name Macklemore ( ) (formerly Professor Macklemore), is an American rapper and songwriter from Seattle, Washington. He has collaborated with producer Ryan Lewis as Macklemore & Ryan Lewis. Since 2000, he has independently released one mixtape, three EPs, and four albums.
Sol (musician)
Sol Alexander Rosenberg (born December 7, 1988), better known as Sol or Solzilla, is an American hip hop artist. In 2012, he released his second studio album "Yours Truly", which received critical acclaim and rose to number one on the iTunes U.S. Hip-Hop Albums Chart while also charting on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart. Sol has collaborated with other artists such as the Macklemore, Blue Scholars, Grynch, and The Physics.

Question: Sol collaborated with an American rapper from Seattle, Washington, who has released how many albums since 2000?
Answer: four
Frozen (2013 film)
Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 53rd Disney animated feature film, it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's 1844 fairy tale "The Snow Queen". It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman, his loyal reindeer, and a naive snowman to find her estranged sister, whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter.
Frozen (soundtrack)
Frozen: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 2013 Disney film "Frozen". The soundtrack features 10 original songs with music by Robert Lopez and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, and 22 score pieces composed by Christophe Beck. It features the critically acclaimed song "Let It Go"—film version performed by Idina Menzel; single version performed by Demi Lovato—which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media, and the Critics' Choice Award for Best Song, and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.

Question: What was the name of the Soundtrack to the 2013 Disney animated filmInspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale "The Snow Queen"?
Answer: Frozen
Detroit
Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest, behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, and the 13th-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel, railway tunnel, and the Ambassador Bridge, which is the second busiest international crossing in North America, after San Diego–Tijuana. Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry, and the "Big Three" auto manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.

Question: What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit?
Answer: Detroit River
Friedrich Hayek
Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and "The Road to Serfdom" arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's writings on the "road to servitude". It was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944 and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it "that unobtainable book" also due in part to wartime paper rationing. When it was published in the United States by the University of Chicago in September of that year, it achieved greater popularity than in Britain. At the instigation of editor Max Eastman, the American magazine "Reader's Digest" also published an abridged version in April 1945, enabling "The Road to Serfdom" to reach a far wider audience than academics. The book is widely popular among those advocating individualism and classical liberalism.

Question: Whose works served as inspiration for the title of Road to Serfdom?
Answer: Alexis de Tocqueville
Police
With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game". The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives". Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, "The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames". It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.

Question: How many dock workers were the Thames River Police policing?
Answer: 33,000
Christoph Janker
Christoph Janker (born 14 February 1985) is a German football centre back.
Christoph Janker
Janker started out in 1860 Munich's youth system. He played for the reserve team in the 2004–05 season, making 33 appearances, and in the 2005–06 season, making 28 appearances. He eventually made his debut in the 2. Bundesliga in a 2–0 win against Karlsruher SC. He would make three more appearance for the first team during the 2005–06 season. During the following season, he made three appearances for the reserve team before joining 1899 Hoffenheim.
FC Augsburg
Fußball-Club Augsburg 1907 e. V., commonly known as FC Augsburg (] ) or Augsburg, is a German football club based in Augsburg, Bavaria. FC Augsburg play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. The team was founded as Fußball-Klub Alemania Augsburg in 1907 and played as BC Augsburg from 1921 to 1969. With over 17,400 members, it is the largest football club in Swabian Bavaria.

Question: Christoph Janker plays for a football club that was founded in which year ?
Answer: 1907
Perkūnas
Perkūnas ( , , Old Prussian: "Perkūns", "Perkunos", Yotvingian: "Parkuns") was the common Baltic god of thunder, second most important deity in the Baltic pantheon after Dievas. In both Lithuanian and Latvian mythology, he is documented as the god of sky, thunder, lightning, storms, rain, fire, war, law, order, fertility, mountains, and oak trees.
Perkūnas
The name continues PIE "*Perkunos ", cognate to "*perkus ", a word for "oak", "fir" or "wooded mountain". The Proto-Baltic name *"Perkūnas" can be reconstructed with certainty. Slavic Perun is a related god, but not an etymologically precise match. The names "Fjörgynn" as a name for Odin, and "Fjörgyn", mother of Thor, have been proposed as cognates.
Vaiva
Vaiva is a Lithuanian female given name of Baltic origin. It is a shortening of "vaivorykštė" (English rainbow). A rainbow was considered one of the manifestations of the Pagan destiny goddess Laima. Vaiva's father, according to Baltic mythology, is Perkūnas. The name was popularised by V.Krėvė-Mickevičius tale "Perkūnas, Vaiva ir Straublys" written in 1922.

Question: What was the father of Vaiva the common Baltic god of?
Answer: thunder
Eton College
John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Until 1964, offending boys could be summoned to the Head Master or the Lower Master, as appropriate, to receive a birching on the bare posterior, in a semi-public ceremony held in the Library, where there was a special wooden birching block over which the offender was held. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare buttocks, which he administered privately in his office. Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys. Previously, House Captains were permitted to cane offenders over the seat of the trousers. This was a routine occurrence, carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table. Less common but more severe were the canings administered by Pop (see Eton Society below) in the form of a "Pop-Tanning", in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members (or, in earlier times, each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke). The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers, as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds. This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton.

Question: What was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton referred to as?
Answer: "Pop-Tanning"
American Idol
In what was to become a tradition, Clarkson performed the coronation song during the finale, and released the song immediately after the season ended. The single, "A Moment Like This", went on to break a 38-year-old record held by The Beatles for the biggest leap to number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Guarini did not release any song immediately after the show and remains the only runner-up not to do so. Both Clarkson and Guarini made a musical film, "From Justin to Kelly", which was released in 2003 but was widely panned. Clarkson has since become one of the most successful "Idol" contestants internationally, with worldwide album sales of more than 23 million.

Question: Which record did the song break, which was the biggest leap to the top of the Billboard charts?
Answer: The Beatles
Anthropology
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.

Question: When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?
Answer: 1865
Muammar Gaddafi
Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently, moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. At school, Gaddafi was bullied for being a Bedouin, but was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at this school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend, Abdul Salam Jalloud.

Question: Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education.
Answer: a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher
Nikki, Wild Dog of the North
Nikki, Wild Dog of the North is a 1961 Walt Disney film directed by Jack Couffer and Don Haldane.
Miracle (2004 film)
Miracle is a 2004 American sports film about the United States men's ice hockey team, led by head coach Herb Brooks, portrayed by Kurt Russell, that won the gold medal in the 1980 Winter Olympics. The American team's victory over the heavily favored Soviet professionals in the medal round was dubbed the "Miracle on Ice". "Miracle" was directed by Gavin O'Connor and written by Eric Guggenheim and Mike Rich. It was released on February 6, 2004, where it grossed $64.5 million on a $28 million budget and received positive reviews, with Russell's performance garnering the most praise from critics.

Question: Between Nikki, Wild Dog of the North and Miracle which movie was about the United States men's hockey team?
Answer: Miracle
Kristie Canegallo
Kristie Canegallo was the Deputy White House Chief of Staff for Implementation for U.S. President Barack Obama. Her responsibilities included the execution of major projects such as health care reform, education, and the war in Afghanistan.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or colloquially as Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant regulatory overhaul and expansion of coverage since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.

Question: What is is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama, who at the time the Deputy White House Chief of Staff for Implementation for U.S. President Barack Obama made this one of her major projects?
Answer: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Mossimo
Mossimo is a mid-range American clothing company, founded in 1986 by designer Mossimo Giannulli and owned by Iconix Brand Group since 2006. Mossimo specializes in youth and teenage clothing such as shirts, jeans, jackets, socks, underwear, and accessories.
Pia Miller
Pia Miller (née Loyola; born 2 November 1983) is a Chilean-born Australian fashion model, actress and television presenter. Miller came to prominence after winning "Dolly's" annual modelling competition. She later competed in the second series of "Search for a Supermodel". Miller has appeared in various advertising campaigns for brands such as Myer and Mossimo. She became the co-host of Qantas' in-flight entertainment programs in 2010 and was named the first Australian celebrity tourism ambassador for Chile in 2014.

Question: When was the brand founded which specializes in youth and teenage clothing and in which Miller has appeared except Myer?
Answer: 1986
Loch Shiel
Loch Shiel ( ) is a freshwater loch situated 20 km west of Fort William in the Highland council area of Scotland. At 17+1/2 mi long it is the 4th longest loch in Scotland, and is the longest to have retained a natural outflow without any regulation of its water level, being 120 m (393 ft) deep. Its nature changes considerably along its length, being deep and enclosed by mountains in the north east and shallow surrounded by bog and rough pasture in the south west, from which end the 4 km River Shiel drains to the sea in Loch Moidart near Castle Tioram.
Castle Tioram
Castle Tioram ( ) ( , meaning "dry castle") is a ruined castle that sits on the tidal island Eilean Tioram in Loch Moidart, Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. It is located west of Acharacle, approximately 80 km from Fort William. Though hidden from the sea, the castle controls access to Loch Shiel. It is also known to the locals as "Dorlin Castle". The castle is a scheduled monument.
Castle Tioram
Castle Tioram was one of Somerled's castles in his time (the twelfth century), though some may date it from the thirteenth or fourteenth century. It appears to have originally been a principal stronghold of Clann Ruaidhrí. Eilean Tioram, the island the fortress sits upon, is first recorded in a charter of Cairistíona Nic Ruaidhrí, daughter of Ailéan mac Ruaidhrí. According to early modern tradition, preserved by the seventeenth-century "Sleat History", the castle was erected by Ailéan's granddaughter, Áine Nic Ruaidhrí. The castle certainly served as the seat of the latter's Clann Raghnaill descendants for centuries.

Question: Castle Tioram, meaning "dry castle", and Loch Shiel are both located in which country?
Answer: Scotland
Arthur Noss
Second Lieutenant Arthur Rex Hurden Noss {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (22 January 1897 – 15 September 1917) was a British World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories. He won a Military Cross as Keith Park's gunner, and was killed in a flying accident shortly thereafter.
Keith Park
Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park, (15 June 1892 – 6 February 1975) was a New Zealand soldier, First World War flying ace and Second World War Royal Air Force commander. He was in operational command during two of the most significant air battles in the European theatre in the Second World War, helping to win the Battle of Britain and the Battle of Malta. In Germany, he was supposedly known as "the Defender of London".

Question: What did a  gunner of the "the Defender of London  win in World War I?
Answer: Military Cross
Rowan Atkinson
Rowan Sebastian Atkinson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 6 January 1955) is an English actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his work on the sitcoms "Blackadder" (1983–1989) and "Mr. Bean" (1990–1995). Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC sketch comedy show "Not the Nine O'Clock News" (1979–1982), receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance, and via his participation in "The Secret Policeman's Ball" (1979). His other work includes the James Bond film "Never Say Never Again" (1983), playing a bumbling vicar in "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in "The Lion King" (1994), and playing jewellery salesman Rufus in "Love Actually" (2003). Atkinson also featured in the BBC sitcom "The Thin Blue Line" (1995–1996). His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical "Oliver!".
Live in Belfast
Live in Belfast is a live comedy album by English comedian Rowan Atkinson. It was first released in 1980 as a vinyl LP and cassette tape on Arista Records, then re-released in 1996 on CD.

Question: Rowan Atkinson's album, Live in Belfast, was released directly after his participation in what event?
Answer: The Secret Policeman's Ball
Russian language
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, ('frost') is transliterated "moroz", and ('mouse'), "mysh" or "myš"'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs leveraging this Unicode extension are available which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards.

Question: What font technology has reduced the need for transliteration?
Answer: Unicode character encoding,
Kirkham, Lancashire
Kirkham (originally Kirkam-in-Amounderness) is a small town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston (11 mi west of Preston) and adjacent to the smaller town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort. At the Census of 2011 it had a population 7,194.
Kirkham, Lancashire
In his 1878 "History of the Fylde of Lancashire", John Porter described Kirkham as ".. probably the earliest inhabited locality in the Fylde district." Remains found at Carleton in the 1970s of an elk with two harpoons embedded suggest that the Fylde was inhabited as long ago as 8,000 BC.
HM Prison Kirkham
HM Prison Kirkham is a Category D men's prison, located southwest of Kirkham in Lancashire, England. The prison is operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service.

Question: HM Prison Kirkham is a Category D men's prison, located southwest of which small town, and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde?
Answer: Kirkham in Lancashire
John Ince (actor)
John Ince, also known as John E. Ince, (August 29, 1878 – April 10, 1947) was an American stage and motion pictures actor, a film director, and the eldest brother of Thomas H. Ince and Ralph Ince.
Roger Michell
Roger Michell (born 5 June 1956) is a British theatre, television and film director.

Question: John Ince and Roger Michell, work in film and theatre?
Answer: yes
Plymouth
In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Plymouth is represented by the three constituencies of Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton and Devonport and South West Devon and within the European Parliament as South West England. In the 2017 general election the city two returned Conservative MPs, who were Gary Streeter (for South West Devon) and Johnny Mercer (for Moor View), and one Labour MP, Luke Pollard (for Sutton and Devonport), .

Question: Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015?
Answer: Gary Streeter
Jackie Chan DC Racing
Jackie Chan DC Racing, formerly known as DC Racing, is a racing team that currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and Asian Le Mans Series. The team is co-owned by Asian Le Mans champion David Cheng and actor Jackie Chan. Partnering with Jota Sport in WEC, the team fields Oreca 07: the No. 37 for Ho-Pin Tung, Gabriel Aubry and Will Stevens.
Jackie Chan DC Racing
In 2015, two-time Asian Le Mans Series champion David Cheng formed DC Racing. Based in Wuhan, the team hired OAK Racing personnel Remy Brouard, for whom Cheng raced, as team principal. DC Racing also established a partnership with Eurasia Motorsport, fielding a Ligier JS P3 in the LMP3 class for Cheng, former OAK Racing teammate and fellow Chinese driver Ho-Pin Tung and Frenchman Thomas Laurent. The team ended the season with the Team Championship and a spot in the 2016 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Jota Sport
Jota Sport is a British sports car racing team. Founded as Team Jota by Sam Hignett and John Stack, Jota Sport is part of the Jota Group which is owned by Sam Hignett and David Clark. The team is based in the Kent countryside. Jota Sport has finished on the overall podium of 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with two Oreca in an alliance with Jackie Chan DC Racing.
Jota Sport
In 2018/2019 Jota competed, in partnership with Arden International, RP Motorsport, Jackie Chan DC Racing and Aston Martin in the FIA World Endurance Championship with two ORECA 07 LMP2 and in the Blancpain Endurance Series with two Aston Martin Vantage V12 GT3 cars.

Question: With which racing team that currently competes in Asian Le Mans Series does Jota Sport have a partnership as of 2017?
Answer: Jackie Chan DC Racing
Switzerland
The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes, such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the "Sonderbundskrieg") broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the "Sonderbund"). The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire. Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland.

Question: How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last?
Answer: less than a month
IBM
In 1949 Thomas Watson, Sr., created IBM World Trade Corporation, a subsidiary of IBM focused on foreign operations. In 1952 he stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm, and his son Thomas Watson, Jr. was named president. In 1956 the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957 the FORTRAN scientific programming language was developed. In 1961 IBM developed the SABRE reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

Question: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?
Answer: artificial intelligence
Sexual orientation
Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

Question: How does research identify sexual population groups?
Answer: scales of assessment
Crucifixion of Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".

Question: Who amended the account at a later date?
Answer: Luke
Nathan Chapman (record producer)
Nathan Chapman is an American record producer who works in the field of country music. He is known primarily for working with American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, having co-produced with Swift for her albums "Taylor Swift", "Fearless", "Speak Now", "Red" and "1989". The former was also the first album that he produced. He is a 2001 graduate of Lee University. He was said to be working in a shack before producing music with various artists.
Taylor Swift (album)
Taylor Swift is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records. Swift was 16 years old the year of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school. Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose. Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album. "Taylor Swift" is a country album, with some tracks having pop and pop rock sensibilities. Lyrically, the album speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing them before being in one. It also touches on Swift's friends and her personal struggles in high school.

Question: What was the record label on which Taylor Swift recorded her debut studio album with the producer who graduated from Lee University?
Answer: Big Machine Records
Central African Republic
In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé.

Question: Which General was involved in another coup?
Answer: General François Bozizé
Barbara Sahakian
Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology at the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Research Council (MRC)/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge. She is also an Honorary Clinical Psychologist at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. She has an international reputation in the fields of cognitive psychopharmacology, neuroethics, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry and neuroimaging.
Constantine Orbelian
Constantine Garrievich Orbelian, Jr. ( , , born San Francisco, 27 August 1956) is an American conductor and pianist of Armenian and Russian descent. He is named after his paternal uncle Konstantin Orbelyan, a major Armenian composer.

Question: Who is named after his paternal uncle Konstantin Orbelyan, a major Armenian composer, Constantine Orbelian or Barbara Sahakian ?
Answer: Constantine Garrievich Orbelian