qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Yale University
Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.

Question: What was Pickford's group lacking to make it more like other research schools?
Answer: departmental or institutional position or power
New Haven, Connecticut
In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history. Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant. Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held. Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven Police occurred, and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals. The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration.

Question: The protest of trial result in what specifically?
Answer: Violent confrontations
Moneyball
Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game is a book by Michael Lewis, published in 2003, about the Oakland Athletics baseball team and its general manager Billy Beane. Its focus is the team's analytical, evidence-based, sabermetric approach to assembling a competitive baseball team despite Oakland's small budget. A film based on Lewis' book, starring Brad Pitt and Jonah Hill, was released in 2011.
Michael Lewis
Michael Monroe Lewis (born October 15, 1960) is an American author and financial journalist. He has also been a contributing editor to "Vanity Fair" since 2009, writing mostly on business, finance, and economics. He is known for his non-fiction work, particularly his coverage of financial crises and behavioral finance.
Michael Lewis
Lewis was born in New Orleans and attended Princeton University where he graduated with a degree in art history. After attending the London School of Economics, he began a career on Wall Street during the 1980s as a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers. The experience prompted him to write his first book, "Liar's Poker" (1989). Fourteen years later, Lewis wrote "Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game" (2003), in which he investigated the success of Billy Beane and the Oakland Athletics. His 2006 book "" was his first to be adapted into a film, "The Blind Side" (2009). In 2010, he released "The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine". The film adaptation of "Moneyball" was released in 2011, followed by "The Big Short" in 2015.

Question: Michael Lewis is an American non-fiction author that was responsible for writing which sports novel published in 2003 that told the story of the Oakland Athletics baseball team and its new approach to gaining a competitive edge?
Answer: Moneyball
Mitch Fatel
Mitch Fatel (born Mitch Faytel in 1968 in Manhattan) is a stand-up comedian. He was raised in Yonkers, New York and began doing stand-up at the age of 15. In 1988 Fatel attended NYU/Tisch School of the Arts and majored in Film and Acting Studies. Around this time Mitch was an intern on "The Howard Stern Show". When Mitch left the show he brought in a friend of his, John Melendez. John went on to take his place as intern and became known as "Stuttering John".
John Melendez
John Edward Melendez (born October 4, 1965), also known as "Stuttering John," is an American radio personality, comedian, actor, television writer, announcer, and podcast host. 
John Melendez
He is best known for being on "The Howard Stern Show" from 1988 to 2004. Initially working as an intern, Melendez became known for asking impertinent questions to celebrities at events and press conferences with his stuttering. He left the show to become the announcer on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" and also worked on Leno's later shows. In April 2018, he launched "The Stuttering John Podcast" to mostly negative reviews and poor ratings.

Question: What is the birthday of the man who took Mitch Fatel's place as intern on "The Howard Stern Show"?
Answer: October 4, 1965
North Carolina
In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disenfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a U.S. Representative from North Carolina.

Question: What did the new constitution require for voter registration?
Answer: literacy tests
Ben Rothwell
Ben Rothwell (born October 17, 1981) is an American mixed martial artist who competes as a Heavyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He also competed for the Quad Cities Silverbacks of the IFL where he held an undefeated 9–0 record before leaving the promotion due to a contract dispute. He has also had one-fight stints in Affliction, M-1 Global, and King of the Cage.
Carlos Barreto (fighter)
Carlos Barreto (born July 22, 1968 in Rio de Janeiro is a retired Brazilian mixed martial arts fighter who was trained by the legendary Carlson Gracie. A veteran of both the UFC and Pride Fighting Championships, Barreto holds notable wins over Ben Rothwell, Kevin Randleman and Dan Bobish. He won the IVC Heavyweight Championship in 1999.

Question: Carlos Barreto has a notable win over which Heavyweight class UFC fighter?
Answer: Ben Rothwell
Neptune
"Voyager 2" is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly to what was done for "Voyager 1"' s encounter with Saturn and its moon Titan. The images relayed back to Earth from "Voyager 2" became the basis of a 1989 PBS all-night program, "Neptune All Night".

Question: What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close?
Answer: Triton
Oklahoma City
Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40, and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base.

Question: When was oil discovered in the city limits?
Answer: 1928
Katherine Kurtz
Kurtz is best known for the Deryni novels and short stories. Her 1970 debut novel, "Deryni Rising", was one of the first fantasy novels written in a mode closer to historical fiction than to mythology or legend, as was common in the then-popular high fantasy works such as those by J. R. R. Tolkien. Writing in "Strange Horizons", Kari Sperring calls Kurtz the "first writer of secondary-world historical fantasy", noting her close attention to the importance of faith in pre-modern Western societies and her portrayal of magic as a formal, ritual practice as opposed to the "picaresque and informal" way magic was depicted in other fantasy of the time.
Katherine Kurtz
She also wrote several occult alternate history novels in her "Templar" series, and urban fantasy novels in her "Adept" series.
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw ( ; 26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as "Man and Superman" (1902), "Pygmalion" (1912) and "Saint Joan" (1923). With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1925 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Question: Who was more active in the theater community George Bernard Shaw or Katherine Kurtz?
Answer: George Bernard Shaw
The Ambiguously Gay Duo
The Ambiguously Gay Duo is an American animated comedy sketch that debuted on "The Dana Carvey Show" before moving to its permanent home on "Saturday Night Live". It is created and produced by Robert Smigel and J. J. Sedelmaier as part of the "Saturday TV Funhouse" series of sketches. It follows the adventures of Ace and Gary, voiced by Stephen Colbert and Steve Carell, respectively, two superheroes whose sexual orientation is a matter of dispute, and a cavalcade of characters preoccupied with the question.
Saturday Night Live
Saturday Night Live (also known simply as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.
Saturday Night Live
In 1980, Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the show until 1985. Since Michaels' return, he has held the job of show-runner. Many "SNL" cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show, and achieved success in film and television, both in front of and behind the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, and starring in television and film.

Question: Who created a show that included the Ambiguously Gay Duo sketches?
Answer: Lorne Michaels
The Life and Times
The Life and Times is an American indie rock band from Kansas City, Missouri, active since forming in 2002.
Godsmack
Godsmack is an American rock band from Lawrence, Massachusetts, formed in 1995. The band is composed of founder, frontman and songwriter Sully Erna, guitarist Tony Rombola, bassist Robbie Merrill, and drummer Shannon Larkin. Since its formation, Godsmack has released seven studio albums, one EP ("The Other Side"), four DVDs, one compilation album ("Good Times, Bad Times... Ten Years of Godsmack"), and one live album ("Live & Inspired").

Question: Are The Life and Times and Godsmack both rock bands?
Answer: yes
Sinéad O'Connor
Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor ( ; born 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album "The Lion and the Cobra". O'Connor achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song "Nothing Compares 2 U."
The Lodge (audio mastering)
The Lodge is an audio mastering facility located in Manhattan, New York City. It was founded by Emily Lazar in 1997. Over the years The Lodge has mastered recordings for many well known musicians, including David Bowie, The Subways, Foo Fighters, Lou Reed, Paul McCartney, Sinéad O'Connor, Natalie Merchant, Marianne Faithfull, and Madonna. The engineers have also mastered sound tracks for movies such as American Psycho and Thievery Corporation.

Question: Who is the songwriter for "The Lion and the Cobra" and also recorded at The Lodge?
Answer: Sinéad O'Connor
Reichstag building
The Reichstag ( ] ; officially: "Deutscher Bundestag – Plenarbereich Reichstagsgebäude" ] ) is a historic edifice in Berlin, Germany, constructed to house the Imperial Diet (German: "Reichstag") of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933, when it was severely damaged after being set on fire. After World War II, the building fell into disuse; the parliament of the German Democratic Republic (the Volkskammer) met in the Palast der Republik in East Berlin, while the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (the Bundestag) met in the Bundeshaus in Bonn.
Bundestag (Berlin U-Bahn)
Bundestag is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the line. The name of this station was changed in April 2006 from Reichstag to Bundestag after deputations from the Bundestag which sits in the Reichstag building.

Question: What city does Bundestag and Reichstag building have in common?
Answer: Berlin
Glenn Hughes
Glenn Hughes (born 21 August 1951) is an English rock bassist and vocalist, best known for playing bass and performing vocals for funk rock pioneers Trapeze, the Mk. III and IV line-ups of Deep Purple, as well as briefly fronting Black Sabbath in the mid-1980s. Hughes is also known by fans as "The Voice of Rock" due to his soulful and wide-ranging singing voice.
Nina Persson
Nina Elisabet Persson (born 6 September 1974) is a Swedish lead singer and lyricist of the Swedish rock band The Cardigans. She has also worked as a solo artist, releasing two albums as "A Camp" and one under her own name. She has also appeared as a guest artist with many other acts.

Question: Are Glenn Hughes and Nina Persson from the same country?
Answer: no
Ming–Tibet relations
Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel. Although Güshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama "supreme authority" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Güshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Güshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Güshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually "expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokiteśvara through the performance of rituals," by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Güshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet.

Question: Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to?
Answer: the regent Sonam Chöpel
Tara Ochs
Tara Ochs (born 1976) is an American actress. Her film credits include "Selma", "Life as We Know It", "The Fall" and "Too Many Cooks".
Too Many Cooks (short)
Too Many Cooks is a surreal dark comedy short that originally aired as a special during Adult Swim's "infomercials" block on October 28, 2014, at 4:00 am Eastern Time. It was created, written, and directed by Casper Kelly, and produced by Williams Street. After its original airing, the piece became a viral video online and was repeated each night at midnight Eastern Time during the week of November 11, 2014.
Too Many Cooks (short)
The video begins as a parody of opening credits sequences of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s American situation comedies, then television crime dramas, prime time soap operas, Saturday-morning cartoons, superhero live-action series, slasher films and science fiction television shows, with each of them gradually bleeding into the next. Particular focus is put on a slasher film villain (played by William Tokarsky), who is hidden in the background of several early shots but eventually starts killing the other characters with a machete. The opening credits sequence ends after about ten minutes and transitions into the "episode", with all the characters from the opening standing in the one house; the short ends roughly ten seconds later, cutting to closing credits before a full line of dialogue can be spoken.

Question: Which surreal dark comedy short did Tara Ochs act in?
Answer: Too Many Cooks
University of Kansas
According to the journal "DesignIntelligence", which annually publishes "America's Best Architecture and Design Schools," the School of Architecture and Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.

Question: In what place did the University of Kansas finish in national rankings for undergraduate architecture programs in 2012?
Answer: 11th
Belmont transmitting station
The Belmont transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility next to the B1225, one mile west of the village of Donington on Bain in the civil parish of South Willingham, near Market Rasen and Louth in Lincolnshire, England (grid reference ). It is owned and operated by Arqiva.
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, sometimes abbreviated to BBC Yorks & Lincs, is the name for the BBC's twelfth English Region, based in Kingston upon Hull and created from the division of the former BBC North region, based in Leeds (now known as BBC Yorkshire). The primary transmitter is located at Belmont and covers East Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and north west Norfolk.

Question: BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire have their primary transmitter based in which broadcasting and telecommunications facility one mile west of the village of Donington?
Answer: Belmont transmitting station
George Monbiot
George Joshua Richard Monbiot ( ; born 27 January 1963) is a British writer known for his environmental and political activism. He writes a weekly column for "The Guardian", and is the author of a number of books, including "Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain" (2000), "Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding" (2013) and "Out of the Wreckage: A New Politics in the Age of Crisis" (2017). He is the founder of The Land is Ours, a campaign for the right of access to the countryside and its resources in the United Kingdom.
The Planet (film)
The Planet is a Swedish documentary film on environmental issues, released in 2006. The film was made by Michael Stenberg, Johan Söderberg and Linus Torell for the big screen and was shot in English to reach an international audience. It includes interviews with 29 environmental scientists and experts including Stephen Peake, Herman Daly, Lester Brown, Gretchen Daily, Mathis Wackernagel, Norman Myers, Jill Jäger, George Monbiot, Robert Costanza, Will Steffen, and Jared Diamond.

Question: What documentary did the environmental writer for The Guardian work on?
Answer: The Planet
Asthma
Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling. In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.

Question: What kind of condition is asthma?
Answer: a chronic obstructive condition
Political party
More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties have to work with each other to form coalition governments. This is almost always the case in Germany on national and state level, and in most constituencies at the communal level. Furthermore, since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition, usually involving the Independence Party or the Progressive Party. A similar situation exists in the Republic of Ireland, where no one party has held power on its own since 1989. Since then, numerous coalition governments have been formed. These coalitions have been led exclusively by either Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael.

Question: Is Ireland ever not led by a coalition Government?
Answer: since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition
Jalapeño
The jalapeño ( , , ] ( ) ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species "Capsicum annuum". A mature jalapeño chili is 5 - long and hangs down with a round, firm, smooth flesh of 25 - wide. It can have a range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of 3,500 to 8,000. Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper. The Chile Pepper Institute is known for developing colored variations.
2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak was an outbreak of salmonellosis across multiple U.S. states due to "Salmonella enterica" serovar Saintpaul. Over the course of the outbreak, 1442 cases were identified across 43 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Canada. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak. Tomatoes may have been a source as well. The outbreak lasted from April to August, 2008.

Question: Which pepper was a major source of the salmonella outbreak in 2008 and comes from the Capsicum annuum species?
Answer: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak.
Unbelievable (Ann Marie)
"Unbelievable (Ann Marie)" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Josh Gracin. It was released in August 2008 as the fourth single from his album "We Weren't Crazy". The song reached #36 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart.
Josh Gracin
Joshua Mario Gracin (born October 18, 1980) is an American country music singer. A former member of the United States Marine Corps, he first gained public attention as the fourth-place finalist on the second season of the Fox Network talent competition "American Idol".

Question: Which album did a former member of the United States Marine Corps reach #36 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart?
Answer: We Weren't Crazy
Detroit
Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Question: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?
Answer: 700,000
Glenn Frey
Glenn Lewis Frey ( ; November 6, 1948 – January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, actor and founding member of the rock band the Eagles. Frey was the co-lead singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley, with whom he wrote most of the Eagles' material. Frey played guitar and keyboards as well as singing lead vocals on songs such as "Take It Easy", "Peaceful Easy Feeling", "Tequila Sunrise", "Already Gone", "James Dean", "Lyin' Eyes", "New Kid in Town", and "Heartache Tonight".
Hell Freezes Over
Hell Freezes Over is the second live album by the Eagles, released in 1994. The album is the first to be released after the Eagles had reformed following a fourteen-year-long break up. The band's lineup was that of the "Long Run" era: Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Don Felder, Joe Walsh, and Timothy B. Schmit. It contains four new studio tracks and eleven tracks recorded live in April 1994 for an MTV special. Two Top 40 Mainstream singles, "Get Over It" and "Love Will Keep Us Alive", were released from the album. It also features an acoustic version of "Hotel California". The four new studio recordings are the last to feature Don Felder, who was fired from the band in 2001.

Question: Hell Freezes Over and Glenn Frey are associated with which classic rock band?
Answer: Eagles
Group (mathematics)
In the example above, the identity and the rotations constitute a subgroup "R" = {id, r, r, r}, highlighted in red in the group table above: any two rotations composed are still a rotation, and a rotation can be undone by (i.e., is inverse to) the complementary rotations 270° for 90°, 180° for 180°, and 90° for 270° (note that rotation in the opposite direction is not defined). The subgroup test is a necessary and sufficient condition for a nonempty subset "H" of a group "G" to be a subgroup: it is sufficient to check that "g""h" ∈ "H" for all elements "g", "h" ∈ "H" . Knowing the subgroups is important in understanding the group as a whole.

Question: What is composed of two rotations?
Answer: a rotation
Seven Years' War
In 1762 two new countries entered the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing its own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and in the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara British-Portuguese forces overran a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called "the pass to Lisbon") where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.

Question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?
Answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida
Qing dynasty
Yet controlling the "Mandate of Heaven" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.

Question: Name the other two important Ming generals?
Answer: Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong
Anti-aircraft warfare
Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army, a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. For example, the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command, commanded by a full British Army general was part of ADGB. At its peak in 1941–42 it comprised three AA corps with 12 AA divisions between them.

Question: Which military section could have a full military structure?
Answer: Homeland air defence
Brian A. Miller
Brian A. Miller is an American television producer and the current Senior Vice President and General Manager of Cartoon Network Studios in Burbank, California, having assumed the title in 2000. He was formerly Vice President of Production at Nickelodeon Animation Studio, Vice President of Production at Hanna-Barbera, and Vice President of Production at DIC Entertainment. He served as a production supervisor for 1983's "Alvin and the Chipmunks" series and was the executive in charge of production for various shows in the 1990s and early 2000s such as "Dexter's Laboratory", "CatDog", "Hey Arnold!", "The Angry Beavers", "ChalkZone", "The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius", "The Powerpuff Girls", "Captain Planet and the Planeteers", "Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog", "Cow and Chicken", "Johnny Bravo", and the first and early second season of "SpongeBob SquarePants".
Hey Arnold!
Hey Arnold! is an American animated children's television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996, to June 8, 2004. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city tenement. Episodes center on his experiences navigating urban life while dealing with the problems he and his friends encounter.

Question: Who was the executive in charge of production for a show created by Craig Bartlett that aired from 1996 to 2004?
Answer: Brian A. Miller
Kleinia
Kleinia is a genus of African flowering plants in the sunflower family. "Kleinia" contains around 50 species and is distributed from the Canary Islands, throughout Tropical Africa to India and Arabia. It is closely related to the genus "Senecio" but is distinguished primarily by having succulent stems and/or leaves.
Kosteletzkya
Kosteletzkya (pronounced "Kost-el-lets-kee-uh") ) is a genus of the plant family Malvaceae that includes the seashore mallow ("K. virginica"). It includes about 30 species found worldwide.

Question: Are Kosteletzkya and Kleinia both plants?
Answer: yes
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond is home to several notable instances of various styles of modernism. Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline. The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. Philip Johnson designed the WRVA Building. The Richard Neutra-designed Rice House, a residence on a private island on the James River, remains Richmond's only true International Style home. The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores. The VCU Institute for Contemporary Art, designed by Steven Holl, opened in 2018. Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.

Question: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?
Answer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Hunting
On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System. In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.

Question: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
Answer: one third
Organic farming
Organic farming is an agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares globally, with over half of that total in Australia. Organic farming continues to be developed by various organizations today. It is defined by the use of fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance, naturally occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin and rotenone are permitted, while synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited. Synthetic substances that are allowed include, for example, copper sulfate, elemental sulfur and Ivermectin. Genetically modified organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge, plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited. Reasons for advocation of organic farming include advantages in sustainability, openness, self-sufficiency, autonomy/independence, health, food security, and food safety.
Organic farming
Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972. Organic agriculture can be defined as: 
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, are the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CuSO(HO), where x can range from 0 to 5. The pentahydrate (x = 5) is the most common form. Older names for this compound include blue vitriol, bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

Question: What is the chemical formula for the sulfate substance allowed in Organic farming?
Answer: CuSO(HO)
Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London swept through the central parts of the city from Sunday, 2 September to Thursday, 6 September 1666. The fire gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It threatened but did not reach the City of Westminster, Charles II's Palace of Whitehall, or most of the suburban slums. It destroyed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000 of the city's 80,000 inhabitants.
Thomas Bloodworth
Sir Thomas Bloodworth (baptised 13 February 1620 – 12 May 1682) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679. He was Lord Mayor of London from October 1665 to October 1666 and his inaction during the early stages of the Great Fire of London was widely criticized as one of the causes for the great extent of the damage to the city.

Question: Thomas Bloodworth was criticized for inaction during the conflagration that took place in what year?
Answer: 1666
Bernard Rose (director)
Bernard Rose (born 4 August 1960) is an English filmmaker and screenwriter, considered a pioneer of digital filmmaking. He is best known for his direction of the acclaimed horror films "Paperhouse" (1988) and "Candyman" (1992)"," the historical romances "Immortal Beloved" (1994) and "Anna Karenina" (1997), and the independent drama "Ivans xtc" (2000), for which he was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Director and the John Cassavetes Award. He has also been nominated for the Grand Prix des Amériques and the Venice Horizons Prize.
Bernard Rose (director)
Rose was born in London, the son of a Jewish father and a mother who had converted to Judaism. He began making super 8 films when he was 9. By 1975, he won an amateur film competition hosted by BBC which led to the broadcasting of his works. He worked for Jim Henson on the last season of "The Muppet Show" and then again on "The Dark Crystal" in 1981. He attended National Film and Television School and graduated in 1982 with a Master's in Filmmaking. After this, he moved on to directing music videos for MTV, one of which was the uncensored version of Frankie Goes To Hollywood's hit "Relax".
Fritz Lang
Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor. One of the best-known "émigrés" from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the "Master of Darkness" by the British Film Institute.

Question: Are both Bernard Rose and Fritz Lang part of the film industry?
Answer: yes
Cat eye glasses
Cat eye glasses (sometimes called "cat eyes" or "cat glasses") are a shape of eyewear. The form is closely related to the browline style, differentiated by having an upsweep at the outer edges where the temples or arms join the frame front. They were mainly popular in the 1950s and 1960s among women and are often associated with the Beehive hairstyle and other looks of the period. They preceded the large bug-eye glasses of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Notable wearers of cat eye glasses include: Audrey Hepburn, Barry Humphries as Dame Edna Everage, Jane Jacobs, Amy Lamé, Lisa Loeb, Dinah Manoff, Elizabeth Taylor, Marilyn Monroe, Mary Whitehouse, and Barbara Windsor.
Mary Whitehouse
Constance Mary Whitehouse {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (née Hutcheson; 13 June 1910 – 23 November 2001) was a British educator and conservative activist. She campaigned against social liberalism and the mainstream British media, both of which she accused of encouraging a more permissive society. She was the founder and first president of the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association, through which she led a longstanding campaign against the BBC. A hard-line social conservative, she was disparagingly termed a reactionary by her socially liberal opponents. Her motivation derived from her traditional Christian beliefs, her aversion to the rapid social and political changes in British society of the 1960s and her work as a teacher of sex education.

Question: Cat eye glasses were worn by what English social activist?
Answer: Constance Mary Whitehouse
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship "Amistad" was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860, shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President.

Question: Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?
Answer: Joseph Cinqué
Carnival
The term "Carnival" is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence, as well as in Greece. In historically Evangelical Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans (Church of England/US Episcopal Church), Methodists, and other Protestants, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras. In Slavic Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 am). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day.

Question: What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?
Answer: Maslenitsa
Alexander Graham Bell
Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the "Encyclopædia Britannica", scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for "hydroairplanes", and two for selenium cells. Bell's inventions spanned a wide range of interests and included a metal jacket to assist in breathing, the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems, a device to locate icebergs, investigations on how to separate salt from seawater, and work on finding alternative fuels.

Question: How many solo patents did Bell get?
Answer: 18
Rocko's Modern Life
Rocko's Modern Life is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray for Nickelodeon. The series centers on the surreal life of an anthropomorphic Australian-immigrant wallaby named Rocko and his friends: the eccentric steer Heffer Wolfe, the neurotic turtle Filburt, and Rocko's faithful dog Spunky. It is set in the fictional town of O-Town. Throughout its run, this show was controversial for its adult humor, including double entendre, innuendo, and satirical social commentary, similar to "The Ren & Stimpy Show".
Mr. Lawrence
Douglas Lawrence Osowski, known professionally as Mr. Lawrence, is an American animator, writer, actor, voice actor, and comedian. He is most known for his work as a writer and voice actor for the Nicktoons shows "Rocko's Modern Life" and "SpongeBob SquarePants", the latter of which he has provided the voice of Plankton, Larry the Lobster and other various characters since 1999.

Question: What American sitcom did Mr. Lawrence act in?
Answer: Rocko's Modern Life
Tiny Toon Adventures
Tiny Toon Adventures is an American animated comedy television series that was broadcast from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992 as the first collaborative effort of Warner Bros. Animation and Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment after being conceived in the late 1980s by Tom Ruegger. The show follows the adventures of a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity to become the next generation of characters from the "Looney Tunes" series.
Paul Dini
Paul Dini ( ; born August 7, 1957) is an American screenwriter and comic creator. He is best known as a producer and writer for several Warner Bros. Animation/DC Comics animated series, including "Tiny Toon Adventures", "", "", "The New Batman/Superman Adventures", "Batman Beyond", and "Duck Dodgers". He developed and scripted "Krypto the Superdog" and contributed scripts to "The Transformers", "Animaniacs", "Freakazoid!", and "Static Shock". After leaving Warner Bros. Animation in early 2004, Dini went on to write and story edit the popular ABC adventure series "Lost". He has written a number of comic books for DC Comics, including "Harley Quinn" and "Superman: Peace on Earth". October 2010 saw the debut of "Tower Prep", a new live action/drama series Dini created for Cartoon Network. It was announced that after two decades of doing DC-related animated projects, Paul Dini had gone over to Marvel to serve as a writer and producer for "Ultimate Spider-Man" and "Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.".

Question: Paul Dini wrote for which animated comedy series created by Amblin Entertainment?
Answer: Tiny Toon Adventures
Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment took hold in most European countries, often with a specific local emphasis. For example, in France it became associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism, while in Germany it reached deep into the middle classes, where it expressed a spiritualistic and nationalistic tone without threatening governments or established churches. Government responses varied widely. In France, the government was hostile, and the "philosophes" fought against its censorship, sometimes being imprisoned or hounded into exile. The British government, for the most part, ignored the Enlightenment's leaders in England and Scotland, although it did give Isaac Newton a knighthood and a very lucrative government office. A common theme among most countries which derived enlightenment ideas from Europe was the intentional non-inclusion of enlightenment philosophies pertaining to slavery. Originally during the French Revolution, a revolution deeply inspired by enlightenment philosophy, "France's revolutionary government had denounced slavery, but the property-holding 'revolutionaries' then remembered their bank accounts." Slavery often showed the limitations of the enlightenment as it pertained to European countries since many European countries held colonies supported by slavery. For instance, during the Haitian Revolution England and the United States supported France "rather than giving aid to Saint-Domingue's anti-colonial struggle."

Question: In which country did the Enlightenment become associated with anti-government and anti-Church radicalism?
Answer: France
NORAD Tracks Santa
NORAD Tracks Santa is an annual Christmas-themed program that starts on December first, but the actual Santa-tracking starts on midnight of December 23. It is a community outreach function of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and has been held annually since 1955. Every year on Christmas Eve, NORAD claims to track the mythical character Santa Claus leaving the North Pole as he is said to journey around the world on his mission to deliver presents to children. 
NORAD Tracks Santa
The website claims that NORAD uses radar and other technologies to track the mythical character Santa Claus. The website simulates the movement of Santa Claus and displays predetermined location information to users.
Google Santa Tracker
Google Santa Tracker is an annual Christmas-themed entertainment program first launched in 2004 by Google, Inc. that claims to allow users to track the mythical character Santa Claus on Christmas Eve, and before that also allows users to play, watch, and learn through little activities that are added daily in December. It was inspired by, but has surpassed, its rival NORAD Tracks Santa, which has operated since 1955.

Question: In what year was Google’s Santa Tracker rival founded?
Answer: 1955