qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Sexual orientation
Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

Question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?
Answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere
Avicenna
Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named "Logic" and "Metaphysics". Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher, encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.

Question: What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?
Answer: ethics
Josip Broz Tito
Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain U.S. aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same U.S. aid institution that administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed, and Tito began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East–West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a "third way" for countries interested in staying outside of the East–West divide.

Question: What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia?
Answer: ECA
Crucifixion of Jesus
Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun." Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives.

Question: What event did Thallus describe?
Answer: an eclipse of the sun
Stiffelio
Stiffelio is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi, from an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. The origin of this was the novel "Le pasteur d’hommes", by Émile Souvestre, which was published in 1838. This was adapted into the French play "Le pasteur, ou L'évangile et le foyer" by Émile Souvestre and Eugène Bourgeois. That was in turn translated into Italian by Gaetano Vestri as "Stifellius"; this formed the basis of Piave's libretto.
Ernani
Ernani is an operatic "dramma lirico" in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on the 1830 play "Hernani" by Victor Hugo.

Question: Which opera Ernani and Stiffelio.has more acts ?
Answer: Ernani
Archana (actress)
Archana is a two time national award-winning Indian film actress and accomplished Kuchipudi and Kathak dancer, known for her works in the South Indian film industry.
Yamanam
A physically disabled girl Ambili (Archana) is restricted to a wheelchair because of a childhood attack of polio. Unable to move out of home, she has only to fantasize the exteriors. She turns terribly introvert, fathoming the truth within and becoming positive towards people. She is skilled at making models and toys. She and her widowed mother are gradually sidelined in their own home by her brother Devan and his wife Raji.

Question: Which Indian actress played the character Ambili in the film Yamanam?
Answer: Archana
Ottoman Empire
The word "Ottoman" is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name "ʿUthmān" ( ). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as ( ), (literally "The Supreme Ottoman State") or alternatively ( ). In Modern Turkish, it is known as ("The Ottoman Empire") or ("The Ottoman State").

Question: What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire?
Answer: House of Osman
Diarrhea
Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. "Poverty is associated with poor housing, crowding, dirt floors, lack of access to clean water or to sanitary disposal of fecal waste (sanitation), cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of refrigerated storage for food, all of which increase the frequency of diarrhea... Poverty also restricts the ability to provide age-appropriate, nutritionally balanced diets or to modify diets when diarrhea develops so as to mitigate and repair nutrient losses. The impact is exacerbated by the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care."

Question: Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea?
Answer: from the conditions under which impoverished people live
St. Francis Mission
St. Francis Mission is a Roman Catholic mission complex on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in St. Francis, South Dakota, among the Lakota-Sioux Native Americans. The mission was founded in 1886 by the Jesuits who were welcomed by Bishop Martin Marty, and it soon grew to a large collection of buildings. Most of these were destroyed by a fire in 1916, but many were soon rebuilt. The mission complex includes 26 buildings, the most prominent of which are St. Charles Borromeo Church and the 1916 Drexall Hall, the latter a multifunction structure providing classrooms, meeting spaces, and residential spaces. The complex also includes one of two known copies of a statue of Kateri Tekakwitha by Joseph-Émile Brunet. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Sioux
The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin ( ; Dakota: ) are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ ("Seven Council Fires"). The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.
Sioux
Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota ( ; "Knife" also known as the Eastern Dakota) lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota (Yankton, Yanktonai) and Teton (Lakota) were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada. After 1870, the Dakota people began to return to Minnesota, creating the present-day reservations in the state.

Question: St. Charles Borromeo Church is located on which Native American tribe's land?
Answer: The Sioux
Richard Bluff
Richard Bluff is an English visual effects supervisor. Known for his works in Disney's visual effects company Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) as a digital matte artist and visual effects supervisor in acclaimed films such as "" (2005), "The Island" (2005), "Transformers" (2007-11), "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull" (2008), "Star Trek" (2009), "Avatar" (2009), "The Avengers" (2012), "Cloud Atlas" (2012) "Pacific Rim" (2013), "The Big Short" (2015) and "Doctor Strange" (2016), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects nomination at the 89th Academy Awards. He previously worked at Blur Studio as digital artist.
Cloud Atlas (film)
Cloud Atlas is a 2012 epic science fiction film written and directed by the Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer. Adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell, the film has multiple plots occurring during six different eras in time; Mitchell described it as "a sort of pointillist mosaic." Tom Hanks, Halle Berry, and Jim Broadbent star as part of an ensemble cast.

Question: In what year did Richard Bluff work with Tom Hanks and Hally Berry?
Answer: 2012
Rule of law
The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education.

Question: What organization debates the rule of law?
Answer: The Security Council
Wait Your Turn
"Wait Your Turn" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her fourth studio album, "Rated R" (2009). It was written by Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Saul Milton, Will Kennard, James Fauntleroy II, Takura Tendayi, and Rihanna herself. Stargate (Eriksen and Hermansen) and Chase & Status (Milton and Kennard) produced the song. "Wait Your Turn" was released on November 13, 2009 as the second international and third overall single from "Rated R".
Rated R (Rihanna album)
Rated R is the fourth studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on November 20, 2009 by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records. Recording sessions for the album began in March 2009 and took place at recording studios throughout United States and Europe. Rihanna, together with Antonio "L.A." Reid and The Carter Administration, was the executive producer of the album and worked with various record producers, including Chase & Status, StarGate, The-Dream, Ne-Yo, and Brian Kennedy. The record featured several vocalists and instrumentalists, including Young Jeezy, will.i.am, Justin Timberlake and Slash, who played the guitars in "Rockstar 101".
Rated R (Rihanna album)
Musically, the album represents a departure from her previous effort record "Good Girl Gone Bad" (2007), which contained up-tempo and ballad-oriented songs. Conceived after Rihanna's assault by her then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, "Rated R" is primarily a pop, hip hop and R&B album; it features a foreboding and atmospheric tone in terms of musical and lyrical direction and it incorporates elements of rock, and dubstep. It also explores other genres, such as dancehall in "Rude Boy" and Latin-infusion in "Te Amo". "Rated R" received positive reviews from music critics, who commended Rihanna's mature performance and called the album her most layered and heartfelt effort. The album debuted at number four on the US "Billboard" 200 chart and sold 181,000 copies in its first week. It also attained top ten positions in over twelve other countries.

Question: "Wait Your Turn" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her fourth studio album, "Rated R", released on which date?
Answer: November 20, 2009
Sandra Bullock
Sandra Annette Bullock ( ; born July 26, 1964) is an American-German actress, producer, and philanthropist. She was the highest paid actress in the world in 2010 and 2014. In 2015, Bullock was chosen as "People's" Most Beautiful Woman and was included in "Time"'s 100 most influential people in the world in 2010. Bullock is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
Sandra Bullock
After making her acting debut with a minor role in the thriller "Hangmen" (1987), Bullock received early attention for her supporting work in the action film "Demolition Man" (1993). Her breakthrough came in the action thriller "Speed" (1994). She established herself in the 1990s with leading roles in the romantic comedies "While You Were Sleeping" (1995) and "Hope Floats" (1998), and the thrillers "The Net" (1995) and "A Time to Kill" (1996). Bullock achieved further success in the following decades with the comedies "Miss Congeniality" (2000), "Two Weeks Notice" (2002), "The Proposal" (2009), "The Heat" (2013), and "Ocean's 8" (2018), the drama "Crash" (2004), and the thrillers "Premonition" (2007) and "Bird Box" (2018). Bullock was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama for portraying Leigh Anne Tuohy in the biographical drama "The Blind Side" (2009). She was nominated in the same categories for playing an astronaut stranded in space in the science fiction thriller "Gravity" (2013), which was her highest-grossing live-action release.
The Net (1995 film)
The Net is a 1995 American action thriller film directed by Irwin Winkler and starring Sandra Bullock, Jeremy Northam and Dennis Miller. The film was released on 28 July 1995.

Question: Who directed the 1995 American cyber action thriller film starring Jeremy Northam and this American actress, producer, and philanthropist who also appeared in "Demolition Man" (1993)?
Answer: Irwin Winkler
Willow Vale, New South Wales (Wingecarribee)
Willow Vale is a Northern Village of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. It is located 1 km north of Mittagong and is often considered part of Braemar along with its neighbour Balaclava. At the 2016 census , Willow Vale had a population of 717.
Mittagong
Mittagong is a town located in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The town acts as the gateway to the Southern Highlands when coming from Sydney. Mittagong is situated at an elevation of 635 m . The town is close to Bowral, Berrima, Moss Vale and the Northern Villages such as Yerrinbool and Colo Vale. Moreover, Mittagong is home to many wineries of the Southern Highlands which has been a recent growing wine and cellar door region.

Question: In what specific part of the state is the village that us 1 km north of the gateway to the Southern Highlands?
Answer: Wingecarribee Shire
PlayStation 3
PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer support. The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services. PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.

Question: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?
Answer: real
Tim Conlon (artist)
Tim Conlon (born 1974 in Alexandria, Virginia) is an American artist and graffiti writer known for large-scale murals and works on canvas. He was featured as one of several artists (including Kehinde Wiley and poet, Nikki Giovanni) in the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery exhibit, "Recognize! Hip Hop and Contemporary Portraiture", which included four large graffiti murals painted by Conlon and collaborator, David Hupp in 2008. This marked the first modern graffiti ever to be in the Smithsonian Institution.
Kehinde Wiley
Kehinde Wiley (born February 28, 1977) is an American portrait painter based in New York City, who is known for his highly naturalistic paintings of Black people. He was commissioned in 2017 to paint a portrait of former President Barack Obama for the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, which has portraits of all the U.S. presidents. The Columbus Museum of Art, which hosted an exhibition of his work in 2007, describes his work as follows: "Wiley has gained recent acclaim for his heroic portraits which address the image and status of young African-American men in contemporary culture."
Kehinde Wiley
Wiley's portrait of Obama was unveiled on February 12, 2018. He and Amy Sherald, whose portrait of former First Lady Michelle Obama was simultaneously unveiled, are the first black artists to paint official portraits of the president or First Lady for the National Portrait Gallery.

Question: What profession do both Tim Conlon and Kehinde Wiley have?
Answer: artist
2009 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team
The 2009 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University during the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Mississippi State has been a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) since the league's inception in 1932, and has participated in that conference's Western Division since 1992. The Bulldogs played their home games in 2009 at Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field in Starkville, Mississippi, which has been MSU football's home stadium since 1914.
Davis Wade Stadium
Davis Wade Stadium, officially known as Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field is the home venue for the Mississippi State Bulldogs football team. Originally constructed in 1914 as New Athletic Field, it is the second-oldest stadium in the Football Bowl Subdivision behind Georgia Tech's Bobby Dodd Stadium, and the fourth oldest in all of college football behind Penn's Franklin Field, Harvard Stadium, and Bobby Dodd Stadium. As of 2016, it has a seating capacity of 61,337 people.
Davis Wade Stadium
The stadium was built in 1914, as a replacement for Hardy Field, and was called New Athletic Field. The first game it hosted was a Mississippi State win over Marion (Ala.) Military Institute, 54-0, on Oct. 3, 1914. In 1920 the student body adopted a resolution to name the field Scott Field in honor of Donald Scott, an Olympic middle-distance runner and one of the University's football stars from 1915-16. Prior to the 2001 season the stadium was named Davis Wade Stadium in honor of longtime MSU supporter Floyd Davis Wade Sr., co-founder of Aflac, because of a large financial contribution he made toward stadium expansion. The playing surface retained the name Scott Field and the official name of the facility is "Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field".

Question: What was the stadium originally constructed for in which The 2009 Mississippi State Bulldogs played their home games in 2009 ?
Answer: New Athletic Field
Capacitor
Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capacitors used in RF or sustained high-current applications can overheat, especially in the center of the capacitor rolls. Capacitors used within high-energy capacitor banks can violently explode when a short in one capacitor causes sudden dumping of energy stored in the rest of the bank into the failing unit. High voltage vacuum capacitors can generate soft X-rays even during normal operation. Proper containment, fusing, and preventive maintenance can help to minimize these hazards.

Question: What is one way to help minimize capacitor dangers?
Answer: preventive maintenance
Wayback Machine
In an October 2004 case, "Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite", No. 02 C 3293, 65 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 673 (N.D. Ill. October 15, 2004), a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, perhaps for the first time. Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network. Prior to the trial proceedings, EchoStar indicated that it intended to offer Wayback Machine snapshots as proof of the past content of Telewizja Polska's website. Telewizja Polska brought a motion "in limine" to suppress the snapshots on the grounds of hearsay and unauthenticated source, but Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay and denied TVP's motion "in limine" to exclude the evidence at trial. At the trial, however, District Court Judge Ronald Guzman, the trial judge, overruled Magistrate Keys' findings, and held that neither the affidavit of the Internet Archive employee nor the underlying pages (i.e., the Telewizja Polska website) were admissible as evidence. Judge Guzman reasoned that the employee's affidavit contained both hearsay and inconclusive supporting statements, and the purported web page, printouts were not self-authenticating.

Question: What does Telewizja Polska operate?
Answer: TVP Polonia
I. Nelson Rose
I. Nelson Rose (born May 23, 1950) is an internationally known author and public speaker, and is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on gambling and gaming law. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at Whittier College and a Visiting Professor at the University of Macau. Rose is best known for his internationally syndicated column and 1986 book, "Gambling and the Law".
University of Macau
The University of Macau (UM, Portuguese: "Universidade de Macau", Chinese: 澳門大學) is the only public research university in Macau. The UM campus is located in the east of Hengqin Island, Guangdong province in Mainland China, on a piece of land leased to the Macau SAR government, but is under the jurisdiction of Macau.
University of Macau
UM is ranked in the 301-350 bracket in the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2020, with a global ranking of No 9 in International Outlook, No 37 in the THE Asia University Rankings, No 60 in the THE Asia-Pacific University Rankings, and No 42 in the THE Young University Rankings.In the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings 2021, it is ranked No 367. The university ranks second in the Portuguese-speaking world.

Question: What type of school employs an educator who authored "Gambling and the Law"?
Answer: public research university
Trevor Philp
Trevor Philp (born May 1, 1992) is a Canadian World Cup alpine ski racer specializing in the technical events of slalom and giant slalom. He represented Canada at two Winter Olympics and four World Championships, and resides in Calgary, Alberta.
2014 Winter Olympics
The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( ) (Russian: , ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony.
2014 Winter Olympics
These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

Question: Trevor Philp represented Canada in the winter Olympics that took place in what country?
Answer: Russia
North Carolina
After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, while some covertly supported the Union cause during the conflict. Approximately 2,000 North Carolinians from western North Carolina enlisted in the Union Army and fought for the North in the war. Two additional Union Army regiments were raised in the coastal areas of the state, which were occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863. Numerous slaves escaped to Union lines, where they became essentially free.

Question: Some of what farmers remained neutral during the civil war?
Answer: yeoman
A Girl like Me (Rihanna album)
A Girl like Me is the second studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on April 10, 2006, by Def Jam Recordings. For the production of the album, Rihanna worked with Evan Rogers, Carl Sturken, Stargate, J. R. Rotem and label-mate Ne-Yo, who wrote the album's second single. "A Girl like Me" is a pop, reggae and R&B album influenced by Rihanna's Caribbean roots. The album also incorporates elements of dancehall and rock, as well as ballads, which music critics were ambivalent towards.
Unfaithful (song)
"Unfaithful" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her second studio album "A Girl like Me" (2006). It was written by Shaffer "Ne-Yo" Smith with the song's producers Stargate. The song was released by Def Jam Recordings on May 2, 2006, as the second single from the album. "Unfaithful" is a pop and R&B ballad and was inspired by the music of American rock band Evanescence. Originally titled "Murderer", the single speaks about a woman who regrets cheating on her partner.

Question: A Girl like Me was a collaboration with Ne-Yo who wrote which song produced by StarGate?
Answer: Unfaithful
Carnival
Comparsas are held throughout the week, consisting of large groups "of dancers dancing and traveling on the streets, followed by a Carrosa (carriage) where the musicians play. The Comparsa is a development of African processions where groups of devotees follow a given saint or deity during a particular religious celebration." One of the most popular comparsas of Fiesta de Carnaval is the male group comparsa, usually composed of notable men from the community who dress up in outlandish costumes or cross-dress and dance to compete for money and prizes. Other popular activities include body painting and flour fighting. "On the last day of Carnival painters flood the street to paint each other. This simply means that a mixture of water paint and water or raw eggs is used to paint people on the streets, the goal being to paint as many people as you can."

Question: What is the goal of the Carnival painters?
Answer: to paint as many people as you can
Phonograph record
The term "high fidelity" was coined in the 1920s by some manufacturers of radio receivers and phonographs to differentiate their better-sounding products claimed as providing "perfect" sound reproduction. The term began to be used by some audio engineers and consumers through the 1930s and 1940s. After 1949 a variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies, especially stereo recordings, which became widely available in 1958, gave a boost to the "hi-fi" classification of products, leading to sales of individual components for the home such as amplifiers, loudspeakers, phonographs, and tape players. "High Fidelity" and "Audio" were two magazines that hi-fi consumers and engineers could read for reviews of playback equipment and recordings.

Question: What happened in 1958 that changed the home music scene?
Answer: variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies
Jews
Jews originated as an ethnic and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel. The Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE (Late Bronze Age). The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as 'Hebrews'. Though few sources mention the exilic periods in detail, the experience of diaspora life, from the Babylonian captivity and exile to the Roman occupation and exile, and the historical relations between Jews and their homeland thereafter, became a major feature of Jewish history, identity and memory. Prior to World War II, the worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million, representing around 0.7 percent of the world population at that time. Approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has slowly risen again, and as of 2018 was estimated at 14.6–17.8 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank, less than 0.2 percent of the total world population.

Question: Which group originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel?
Answer: Jews
The Lady (2011 film)
The Lady is a 2011 French-British biographical film directed by Luc Besson, starring Michelle Yeoh as Aung San Suu Kyi and David Thewlis as her late husband Michael Aris. Yeoh called the film "a labour of love" but also confessed it had felt intimidating for her to play the Nobel laureate.
Michael Aris
Michael Vaillancourt Aris (27 March 1946 – 27 March 1999) was an English historian who wrote and lectured on Bhutanese, Tibetan and Himalayan culture and history. He was the husband of Aung San Suu Kyi, the current State Counsellor of Myanmar.

Question: Who's husband was a British historian who wrote and lectured on Bhutanese, Tibetan and Himalayan culture and history, who starred in a French-British biographical film directed by Luc Besson?
Answer: Aung San Suu Kyi
YINSH
YINSH is an abstract strategy board game by game designer Kris Burm. It is the fifth game to be released in the "GIPF" Project. At the time of its release in 2003, Burm stated that he intended it to be considered as the sixth and last game of the project, and that the game which he had not yet released, "PÜNCT", would be logically the fifth game . However, an entry in his blog  on 19 June 2005 suggests that he is reconsidering this.
Mikado (game)
Mikado is a pick-up sticks game originating in Europe, played with a set of same-length sticks which can measure between 17 cm and 20 cm .
Mikado (game)
In 1936, it was brought from Hungary (where it was called Marokko) to the United States and named pick-up sticks. This term is not very specific in respect to existing stick game variations. The "Mikado" name may have been avoided because it was a brand name of a game producer. The game is named for the highest scoring (blue) stick "Mikado" (Emperor of Japan).

Question: Between YINSH and Mikado, which game is older?
Answer: Mikado
Maximilian Schell
Maximilian Schell (8 December 1930 – 1 February 2014) was an Austrian-born Swiss film and stage actor, who also wrote, directed and produced some of his own films. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1961 American film "Judgment at Nuremberg", his second acting role in Hollywood. Born in Austria, his parents were involved in the arts and he grew up surrounded by acting and literature. While he was a child, his family fled to Switzerland in 1938 when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, and they settled in Zurich. After World War II ended, Schell took up acting or directing full-time. He appeared in numerous German films, often anti-war, before moving on to Hollywood.
The Chosen (1981 film)
The Chosen is a 1981 American drama film directed by Jeremy Kagan, based on the best-selling book of the same name by Chaim Potok, published in 1967. It stars Maximilian Schell and Rod Steiger. At the 1981 Montréal World Film Festival, the film won Grand Prix of the Americas, and Steiger won best actor. Analysis Film Releasing Corp and 20th Century Fox released it in the US in April 1982.

Question: What country was Rod Steiger's co-star in The Chosen born in?
Answer: Austria
A Christmas Carol (2009 film)
A Christmas Carol is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated fantasy film written and directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is a film adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 story of the same name and stars Jim Carrey in a multitude of roles, including Ebenezer Scrooge and the three ghosts who haunt Scrooge. The film also features a supporting cast consisting of Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright and Cary Elwes. Produced through the process of motion capture, a technique Zemeckis used in his previous films "The Polar Express" (2004) and "Beowulf" (2007), it is Disney's third feature film retelling of "A Christmas Carol", following 1983's "Mickey's Christmas Carol" and 1992's "The Muppet Christmas Carol". It is also the first of only two films produced by ImageMovers Digital, followed by "Mars Needs Moms" (2011).
My Dog Tulip
My Dog Tulip is a 2009 American independent animated feature film based on the 1956 memoir of the same name by J. R. Ackerley, BBC editor, novelist and memoirist. The film tells the story of Ackerley's fifteen-year relationship with his Alsatian dog (German Shepherd) "Queenie", who had been renamed "Tulip" for the book. The film – geared toward an adult audience – was adapted, directed and animated by Paul Fierlinger with backgrounds and characters painted by his wife, Sandra Fierlinger.

Question: Which film has one actor playing the most roles, A Christmas Carol or My Dog Tulip?
Answer: A Christmas Carol
Mickey Goodwin
Mickey Goodwin (September 1, 1958 – March 3, 2009) was a Light heavyweight boxer trained by Emanuel Steward at the famed Kronk Gym in Detroit, Michigan.
Emanuel Steward
Emanuel "Manny" Steward (July 7, 1944 – October 25, 2012) was an American boxer, trainer, and commentator for HBO Boxing. Steward trained 41 world champion fighters throughout his career, most notably Thomas Hearns, through the famous Kronk Gym and later heavyweights Lennox Lewis and Wladimir Klitschko. His heavyweight fighters had a record of 34-2-1 combined in title fights. He was an inductee of the International Boxing Hall Of Fame, and the World Boxing Hall of Fame. Steward was also known for his charity work in Detroit, Michigan, helping the youth to attain an education.

Question: Who was the American boxer, trainer and commentator born on July 7, 1944 that had connections to Mickey Goodwin?
Answer: Emanuel Steward
100th Infantry Battalion (United States)
The 100th Infantry Battalion is the only infantry unit in the United States Army Reserve. In World War II, the then-primarily Nisei battalion was composed largely of former members of the Hawaii Army National Guard. The 100th saw heavy combat during World War II, starting in September 1943 and continuing after being attached as a battalion of the Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team in June 1944. The unit was unofficially nicknamed the Purple Heart Battalion, with the motto "Remember Pearl Harbor" and "Go for Broke", which was later adopted by other Japanese-American units.
Only the Brave (2006 film)
Only the Brave is a 2006 independent film about the 100th Infantry Battalion/442nd Regimental Combat Team, a segregated World War II fighting unit primarily made up of "Nisei" Japanese Americans, which for its size and length of service became the most decorated unit in U.S. military history. The film, produced and directed by Lane Nishikawa is a fictionalized account of the rescue of the Lost Battalion.

Question: Only the Brave is a movie about a unit in what branch of the military?
Answer: United States Army Reserve
Universal Pictures
Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are "Dracula" (1931), "Frankenstein" (1931), "The Mummy" (1932) and "The Invisible Man" (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include "Imitation of Life" (1934) and "My Man Godfrey" (1936).

Question: In what year did My Man Godfrey premiere?
Answer: 1936
Law of the United States
Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

Question: What is a misdemeanor?
Answer: minor crimes
Sir John Piers, 6th Baronet
Sir John Bennett Piers, 6th Baronet, of Tristernagh Abbey, (1772 – 22 July 1845) was an Anglo-Irish baronet, now largely remembered for his part in a major adultery scandal of the early 19th century and for being the subject of an early poem by John Betjeman, "Sir John Piers".
John Betjeman
Sir John Betjeman ( ; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster. He was Poet Laureate from 1972 until his death. He was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture, helping to save St Pancras railway station from demolition. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television.

Question: Sir John Piers, 6th Baronet is known for being the subject of an early poem by a poet who passed away in which year ?
Answer: 1984
Ming–Tibet relations
Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the "Mingshi" or the "Ming Shilu". On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:

Question: Until what year frame did the Gelug exchange gifts with the the Ming?
Answer: 1430s
Niels Arden Oplev
Niels Arden Oplev (] ; born 26 March 1961) is a Danish film director and screenwriter.
Niels Arden Oplev
Oplev was born in Oue, Denmark. His 1996 film "Portland" was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.
Flatliners
Flatliners is a 1990 American science fiction supernatural psychological horror film directed by Joel Schumacher, produced by Michael Douglas and Rick Bieber, and written by Peter Filardi. It stars Kiefer Sutherland, Julia Roberts, William Baldwin, Oliver Platt, and Kevin Bacon. The film is about five medical students who attempt to find out what lies beyond death by conducting clandestine experiments that produce near-death experiences. The film was shot on the campus of Loyola University (Chicago) between October 1989 and January 1990, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing in 1990 (Charles L. Campbell and Richard C. Franklin). The film was theatrically released on August 10, 1990, by Columbia Pictures. It grossed $61 million at the box office.
Flatliners
A follow-up directed by Danish filmmaker Niels Arden Oplev was released in September 2017, also featuring Kiefer Sutherland in a starring role.

Question: Which writer-director from Denmark directed a remake of Flatliners in 2017?
Answer: Niels Arden Oplev
History of science
Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy, medicine, manufacturing and mining. A decisive moment came when "chemistry" was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work "The Sceptical Chymist", in 1661; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work. Other important steps included the gravimetric experimental practices of medical chemists like William Cullen, Joseph Black, Torbern Bergman and Pierre Macquer and through the work of Antoine Lavoisier ("father of modern chemistry") on oxygen and the law of conservation of mass, which refuted phlogiston theory. The theory that all matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven. Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton's discoveries.

Question: When did modern chemistry come into existence?
Answer: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries
Middle Ages
Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being "modern". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pre-Christian times as "antiqua" (or "ancient") and to the Christian period as "nova" (or "new"). Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodisation in his "History of the Florentine People" (1442), with a middle period "between the fall of the Roman Empire and the revival of city life sometime in late eleventh and twelfth centuries". Tripartite periodisation became standard after the 17th-century German historian Christoph Cellarius divided history into three periods: ancient, medieval, and modern.

Question: Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history?
Answer: Four Empires
Madonna
After Lourdes's birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah, introduced to her by actress Sandra Bernhard. Her seventh studio album, "Ray of Light", (1998) reflected this change in her perception and image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave were happening in the 90s and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."

Question: Which type of music was popular during the 90s?
Answer: Techno and rave
The Chamber (1996 film)
The Chamber is a 1996 American crime thriller film based on John Grisham's 1994 novel of the same name. The film was directed by James Foley and stars Gene Hackman and Chris O'Donnell.
The Chamber (1996 film)
In April 1967, the office of Marvin Kramer, a Jewish civil rights lawyer in Indianola, Mississippi, is bombed by the Ku Klux Klan, killing Kramer's five-year-old twin boys and leading to the amputation of Kramer's legs and his later suicide. Klansman Sam Cayhall (Hackman) is tried for murder in the bombing, and is eventually convicted and sentenced to die in the gas chamber at the Mississippi State Penitentiary. Twenty-nine years later, in 1996, Adam Hall (O’Donnell), a young attorney at the Chicago law firm of Kravitz and Bane, seeks assignment to the firm's pro bono representation of Cayhall in the last weeks before his scheduled execution. Adam is Sam Cayhall's grandson, his family having since moved away from the South and changed their name, haunted and shamed by Cayhall's crime. Adam is motivated to take the case in a search for some understanding of the dark secrets of his family, which prompted the suicide of Adam's father the year Sam was sentenced to death (and whose body Adam found as a child).
The Chamber (novel)
The Chamber (1994) is a legal thriller written by American author John Grisham. It is Grisham's fifth novel.

Question: Who write the novel on which The Chamber was based? 
Answer: John Grisham
Ivan Illich
Ivan Dominic Illich ( ; 4 September 1926 – 2 December 2002) was a Roman Catholic priest, theologian, philosopher, and social critic. His 1971 book "Deschooling Society" criticises modern society's institutional approach to education, an approach that allegedly constrains learning to narrow situations in a fairly short period of the human lifespan. His 1975 book "Medical Nemesis", importing to the sociology of medicine the concept of medical harm, alleges that industrialised society widely impairs quality of life by overmedicalising life, pathologizing normal conditions, creating false dependency, and limiting other solutions more healthful. Ilich called himself "an errant pilgrim."
Ecological Movement of Thessaloniki
The Ecological Movement of Thessaloniki ( , "Oikologiki Kinisi Thessalonikis") is a Greek ecological activist group, founded in 1982. 
Ecological Movement of Thessaloniki
The movement was founded in 1982 by a group of environmental activists, including Michalis Tremopoulos (now an elected councillor in the Thessaloniki Prefecture and a member of the Executive Secretariat of Ecologist Greens) and Yiannis Tziolas, who are still active. The group was formed with an emphasis on action and social mobilization, and its political agenda was formed from the main pillars of green ideology: ecology, pacifism/non-violence, grassroots democracy, human rights, and social solidarity. The early ideology of the group was influenced by Murray Bookchin's social ecology, and the ideas of André Gorz, Ivan Illich and Cornelius Castoriadis.

Question: What Roman Catholic priest was a significant influence in the Ecological Movement of Thessaloniki?
Answer: Ivan Illich
American Idol
"American Idol" employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges, for the first through eighth seasons, were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, singer and choreographer Paula Abdul, and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban, Jennifer Lopez, and Harry Connick Jr. The sixteenth season brought three new judges: singers Lionel Richie, Katy Perry, and Luke Bryan. The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, but Seacrest has been the sole master of ceremonies since season 2.

Question: Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?
Answer: Ryan Seacrest
State Library of New South Wales
The State Library of New South Wales, part of which is known as the Mitchell Library, is a large heritage-listed special collections, reference and research library open to the public. It is the oldest library in Australia, being the first established in the colony of New South Wales (now a state of Australia) in 1826. The library is located on the corner of Macquarie Street and Shakespeare Place, in the Sydney central business district adjacent to the Domain and the Royal Botanic Gardens, in the City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The library is a member of the National and State Libraries Australia (NSLA) consortium.
Robert Clark Morgan
Robert Clark Morgan (13 March 1798 – 23 September 1864) was an English sea captain, whaler, diarist, and, in later life, a missionary. He captained the "Duke of York", bringing the first settlers to South Australia in 1836. His life in the British whaling industry has been recorded in the book "The Man Who Hunted Whales" (2011) by Dorothy M. Heinrich. His diaries are held in the State Library of New South Wales.

Question: What State Library holds a collection of diaries by Robert Clark Morgan? 
Answer: State Library of New South Wales