qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
2017 AFL Grand Final
The 2017 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Adelaide Football Club and the Richmond Football Club at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 30 September 2017. It was the 121st annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League) staged to determine the premiers for the 2017 AFL season. The match, attended by 100,021 spectators, was won by Richmond by a margin of 48 points, marking the club's eleventh premiership and first since 1980. Richmond's Dustin Martin was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground. 
2017 AFL Grand Final
Adelaide claimed the minor premiership for the second time in their history, finishing on top of the 2017 AFL ladder with 15 wins, 6 losses and 1 draw, edging out Geelong via a better percentage. The Crows recorded two dominant wins in the finals series, defeating Greater Western Sydney by 36 points in the qualifying final and then overwhelming Geelong to win the preliminary final by 61 points.
1986 VFL Grand Final
The 1986 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the Carlton Football Club. The game was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in Melbourne on 27 September 1986. It was the 90th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League (VFL), staged to determine the premiers for the 1986 VFL season. The match, attended by 101,861 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 42 points, marking that club's sixth premiership victory.

Question: The 1986 VFL Grand Final and the 2017 AFL Grand Final were both played where?
Answer: Melbourne Cricket Ground
Max Ernst
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. He is also noted for his novels consisting of collages.
Pietà or Revolution by Night
Pietà or Revolution by Night (Pietà ou La révolution la nuit) (1923) is a painting by German surrealist and Dadaist Max Ernst. Since 1981 it has been part of the collection of the Tate Gallery in London.

Question: Pietà or Revolution by Night is a painting by an artist that died in what year?
Answer: 1976
Montevideo
The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: "Cementerio central"), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.

Question: What is the largest cemetery?
Answer: Cementerio del Norte
Cristiano Ronaldo
Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM (European Portuguese: ] ; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has won five Ballons d'Or and four European Golden Shoes, both of which are records for a European player. He has won 30 major trophies in his career, including seven league titles, five UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA European Championship, and one UEFA Nations League title. Ronaldo holds the records for the most goals (128) and assists (40) in the history of the UEFA Champions League. He is one of the few recorded players to have made over 1,000 professional career appearances and has scored over 700 senior career goals for club and country.
Write the Future
Write the Future is an advert made by Nike football for the 2010 World Cup and directed by Mexican filmmaker Alejandro González Iñárritu for the UK based production company, Independent Films Limited. The full version is over three minutes in length and features football players Didier Drogba, Fabio Cannavaro, Wayne Rooney, Franck Ribéry, Ronaldinho, and Cristiano Ronaldo as its main players. All of the players play in a scenario during a World Cup match and after significant events occur, the players usually see a significant ripple effect outside the world of football. The advert aired during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. It features the song "Hocus Pocus", by progressive rock band Focus. It was created by Wieden+Kennedy and written by Mark Bernath, Eric Quennoy, Stuart Harkness and Freddie Powell. The Sound design and mix was done by Raja Sehgal working out of Grand Central Recording Studios in London. The advertisement won the Film Grand Prix at the 2011 Cannes Lions festival.

Question: What Portuguese professional footballer starred in a 2010 Nike advert?
Answer: Cristiano Ronaldo
Harry Secombe
Sir Harry Donald Secombe {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (8 September 1921 – 11 April 2001) was a Welsh comedian, actor and singer. Secombe was a member of the British radio comedy programme "The Goon Show" (1951–1960), playing many characters, but most notably, Neddie Seagoon. An accomplished tenor, he also appeared in musicals and films – notably as Mr Bumble in "Oliver!" (1968) – and, in his later years, was a presenter of television shows incorporating hymns and other devotional songs.
Oliver! (film)
Oliver! is a 1968 British-American musical drama film directed by Carol Reed, written by Vernon Harris, and based on the 1960 stage musical of the same name. Both the film and play are based on Charles Dickens's 1838 novel "Oliver Twist". The film includes such musical numbers as "Food, Glorious Food", "Consider Yourself", "As Long as He Needs Me", "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two", and "Where Is Love?". Filmed at Shepperton Film Studio in Surrey, it was a Romulus Films production and was distributed internationally by Columbia Pictures.
Oliver! (film)
At the 41st Academy Awards for 1968, "Oliver!" was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won six, including Best Picture, Best Director for Reed, and an Honorary Award for choreographer Onna White. At the 26th Golden Globe Awards, the film won two Golden Globes: for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for Ron Moody.

Question: Sir Harry Donald Secombe appeared notably as Mr Buble in a 1968 British musical drama film directed by who?
Answer: Carol Reed
Zvjezdan Misimović
Zvjezdan Misimović ( , ] ; born 5 June 1982) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer who most notably played for Bayern Munich, VfL Wolfsburg, Galatasaray, Dynamo Moscow and Beijing Renhe as an attacking midfielder, during his active playing career. Misimović is the second most capped player in the history of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, capped 84 times. His 25 international goals also makes him his country's third top-goalscorer. He represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at 2014 FIFA World Cup.
2008–09 VfL Wolfsburg season
VfL Wolfsburg won their first ever Bundesliga title during this season. Manager Felix Magath formed an attacking lineup, which included strikers Edin Džeko and Grafite, the pair scoring 54 goals between them, much due to the help of attacking midfielder Zvjezdan Misimović's 20 assists.

Question: Who was the manager for the midfielder and second most capped player in the history of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, who won a Bundesliga title with an attacking lineup, which included strikers Edin Džeko and Grafite?
Answer: Felix Magath
Ricky Schroder
Richard Bartlett Schroder (born April 13, 1970) is an American actor and film director. As a child actor, billed as Ricky Schroder, Schroder debuted in the film "The Champ" (1979), going on to become a child star on the sitcom "Silver Spoons". He has continued acting as an adult, usually billed as Rick Schroder, notably as "Newt" on the western miniseries "Lonesome Dove" (1989) and in the crime-drama series "NYPD Blue".
The Champ (1979 film)
The Champ is a 1979 American neo noir drama sports film directed by Franco Zeffirelli and a remake of the 1931 Academy Award-winning film of the same name that was directed by King Vidor. It stars Jon Voight as Billy Flynn, a past boxer with custody of his son Timothy (Ricky Schroder) who attempts to support his son and make up with his ex-wife Annie (Faye Dunaway) by fighting in the ring again. It is also the final film for actress Joan Blondell to be released during her lifetime. The film was released on DVD on May 5, 2015 as part of the Warner Archive Collection.
The Champ (1979 film)
Billy Flynn (Jon Voight) is an ex-boxing champion in the city of Hialeah, Florida, who is trying to settle down as a horse trainer after giving up his boxing title. A boxer propositions that Billy enter a match with him in the future. Billy shows up at the gym with his son Timothy Joseph "T.J." (Ricky Schroder), who calls his father "Champ" as a nickname. Billy is angered when he learns the man has not arrived and storms out of the gym, leaving his son behind. T.J. later finds him drunk inside of a bar. When he takes him home, neighbor Josie (Mary Jo Catlett) asks about his drunken state on the street, to which T.J. tells her that Charlie (Stefan Gierasch) and his friends bought him four beers as a celebration.

Question: Ricky Schroder's very first film, "The Champ," was also the very last film of which actress?
Answer: Joan Blondell
Education
Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have indicated that the main obstacles to funding for education include conflicting donor priorities, an immature aid architecture, and a lack of evidence and advocacy for the issue. Additionally, Transparency International has identified corruption in the education sector as a major stumbling block to achieving Universal Primary Education in Africa. Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as foreigners have expected. Indigenous governments are reluctant to take on the ongoing costs involved. There is also economic pressure from some parents, who prefer their children to earn money in the short term rather than work towards the long-term benefits of education.

Question: Which organization has discovered corruption in the educator sector?
Answer: Transparency International
Candace Cameron Bure
Candace Cameron Bure ( ; born Candace Helaine Cameron; April 6, 1976) is an American actress, producer, author, and talk show panelist. She is known for her role as D.J. Tanner on "Full House", which she reprised as D.J. Tanner-Fuller on "Fuller House". She is also known for her work with Hallmark Channel, playing the title character in Hallmark Channel's film adaptation of the Aurora Teagarden novel series, as well having starred in many of their holiday films.
Candace Cameron Bure
In 2014, she was a contestant on season 18 of "Dancing with the Stars", finishing in third place. She also starred as Summer van Horne on "Make It or Break It". She is the sister of actor Kirk Cameron, known for "Growing Pains." From 2015 to 2016, she was a co-host of the daytime television talk show "The View".
Faith of Our Fathers (film)
Faith of Our Fathers is a 2015 Christian drama film directed by Carey Scott and written by Kevin Downes, Carey Scott, Harold Uhl and David A. R. White. The film stars Downes, White, Stephen Baldwin, Candace Cameron Bure, Rebecca St. James and Sean McGowan.

Question: What is the name of this American actress, producer, author, and talk show panelist, who starred on Full House and in Faith of Our Fathers?
Answer: Candace Cameron Bure
Supreme court
Final interpretation of and recommendations for amendments to the German Constitution, the "Grundgesetz", is the task of the "Bundesverfassungsgericht" (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the "de facto" highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective. In addition, it has the power to overrule decisions of all other federal courts, despite not being a court of appeals in and of itself in the German court system. It is also the only court possessing the power and authority to outlaw political parties, should their manifests or activism prove unconstitutional.

Question: The english translation of this court and its duties is what?
Answer: Federal Constitutional Court
Josip Broz Tito
The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favourable international recognition.

Question: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?
Answer: 1948
Larry Drake
Larry Richard Drake (February 21, 1950 – March 17, 2016) was an American actor, voice artist, and comedian, best known as Benny Stulwicz in "L.A. Law", for which he won two Primetime Emmy Awards. He also appeared as Robert G. Durant in both "Darkman" and "", a homicidal mental patient who escapes an insane asylum in the slasher black comedy "Dr. Giggles", and was the voice of Pops in "Johnny Bravo".
Dr. Giggles
Dr. Giggles is a 1992 American slasher film directed by Manny Coto, starring Larry Drake as Doctor Evan Rendell Jr. and Holly Marie Combs as Jennifer Campbell. The film co-stars Cliff DeYoung and Glenn Quinn. It was released on October 23, 1992.

Question: What character did the actor, who also starred in the 1992 horror film "Dr. Giggles," portray in "L.A. Law?"
Answer: Benny Stulwicz
Alfred North Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book "The Aims of Education and Other Essays", which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which "Aims of Education" derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."

Question: During what periods of time were the essays and address contained in "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" composed?
Answer: between 1912 and 1927
Saint Barthélemy
French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.

Question: What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?
Answer: les petits creux
London
London's most popular sport is football and it has five clubs in the English Premier League as of the 2019–20 season: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Other professional teams in London are Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Brentford, Millwall, Charlton Athletic, AFC Wimbledon, Leyton Orient, Barnet, Sutton United, Bromley and Dagenham & Redbridge.

Question: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?
Answer: five
Kiss Them for Me (film)
Kiss Them for Me is a 1957 American romantic comedy film directed by Stanley Donen in CinemaScope, starring Cary Grant, Jayne Mansfield and model-turned-actress Suzy Parker in her first film role. The film is an adaptation of the 1945 Broadway play of the same name, itself based on Frederic Wakeman Sr.'s 1944 novel "Shore Leave". The supporting cast features Ray Walston, Werner Klemperer, Leif Erickson, and Larry Blyden.
Kiss Them for Me (film)
Three decorated Navy pilots finagle a four-day leave in San Francisco. They land a posh suite at The Fairmont San Francisco Hotel where Commander Andy Crewson (Cary Grant), a master of procurement, arranges to populate it with wine, women and song.
Jayne Mansfield
Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 – June 29, 1967) was an American film, theater, and television actress. She was also a singer and nightclub entertainer as well as one of the early "Playboy" Playmates. She was a major Hollywood sex symbol during the 1950s and early 1960s while under contract at 20th Century Fox. She was also known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts, such as "wardrobe malfunctions".

Question: Which playboy plamate starred in Kiss Them for Me?
Answer: Jayne Mansfield
Unicode
Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO/IEC 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Latin characters and the local script), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other).

Question: What is the aim of Unicode?
Answer: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings
Cork (city)
Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Outside the County Hall is the landmark sculpture of two men, known locally as 'Cha and Miah'. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland's longest building; built in Victorian times, Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital has now been partially renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect William Atkins.

Question: What is the longest building in Cork?
Answer: Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital
Vitas Gerulaitis
Vytautas Kevin Gerulaitis (July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was an American professional tennis player. In 1975, Gerulaitis won the men's doubles title at Wimbledon, partnering with Sandy Mayer. He won the men's singles title at one of the two Australian Open tournaments held in 1977 (Gerulaitis won the tournament that was held in December, while Roscoe Tanner won the earlier January tournament). Gerulaitis also won two Italian Open titles, in 1977 and 1979, and the WCT Finals in Dallas, in 1978.
1981 Volvo Masters – Singles
Björn Borg was the defending champion, but did not participate. Ivan Lendl won in the final 6–7(5), 2–6, 7–6(6), 6–2, 6–4 against Vitas Gerulaitis.

Question: In the 1981 Volvo Masters who beat the winner of the 1975 Wimbledon men's double that partnered with Sandy Mayer?
Answer: Ivan Lendl
Placido Rizzotto
Placido Rizzotto (] ; 2 January 1914 – 10 March 1948) was an Italian partisan, socialist peasant and trade union leader from Corleone, who was kidnapped and murdered by Sicilian Mafia boss Luciano Leggio on 10 March 1948. Before he was killed, Rizzotto was performing activist work with farm laborers, trying to help them take over unfarmed land on large estates in the area. A 12-year-old shepherd, Giuseppe Letizia, witnessed Rizzotto's murder and was killed the following day with a lethal injection, made by a Mafia doctor Michele Navarra. In the 1960s, Leggio was acquitted twice of Rizzotto's murder due to lack of evidence.
Luciano Leggio
Luciano Leggio (] ; 6 January 1925 – 15 November 1993) was an Italian criminal and leading figure of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the head of the Corleonesi, the Mafia faction that originated in the town of Corleone. He is universally known with the surname Liggio, a result of a misspelling in court documents in the 1960s.

Question: A peasant and trade union leader was assassinated by a man with which mistaken surname?
Answer: Liggio
Completely Serious
Completely Serious is the second comedy album released by the comedian Daniel Tosh. The special originally aired on Comedy Central. Although originally airing as a Comedy Central Special, the live recording was released independently and is only available on DVD. "Completely Serious" is the follow-up to Tosh's CD debut, "True Stories I Made Up".
Daniel Tosh
Daniel Dwight Tosh (born May 29, 1975) is an American comedian, television host, actor, writer, and executive producer. He is known for his deliberately offensive and controversial style of black comedy, as the host of the Comedy Central television show "Tosh.0", and as the star of stand-up comedy tours and specials.

Question: what does Completely Serious and Daniel Tosh have in common?
Answer: comedy
Montana
The divide's northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins in Alaska's Seward Peninsula) crosses this region and turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak. It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.

Question: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?
Answer: Hudson Bay.
Ernst Röhm
Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (] ; 28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally of Adolf Hitler and a co-founder of the "Sturmabteilung" (SA, "Storm Battalion"), the Nazi Party's militia, and later was its commander. By 1934, the German Army feared the SA's influence and Hitler had come to see Röhm as a potential rival, so he was executed during the Night of the Long Knives.
Viktor Lutze
Viktor Lutze (28 December 1890 – 2 May 1943) was a German Nazi Party functionary and the commander of the "Sturmabteilung"  ("SA") succeeding Ernst Röhm as "Stabschef" and "Reichsleiter". He died from injuries received in a car accident. Lutze was given an elaborate state funeral in Berlin on 7 May 1943.
Viktor Lutze
Lutze was born in Bevergern, Westphalia, in 1890. He joined the Prussian Army in 1912, and obtained officer rank. He served with the 55th Infantry Regiment. He fought in the 369th Infantry Regiment and 15th Reserve Infantry Regiment during the First World War, losing an eye in combat. Thereafter, Lutze became a merchant and joined the police force.

Question: Viktor Lutze became commander of the Sturmabteilung after succeeding a man who was executed in what event?
Answer: Night of the Long Knives
Chamlang
Chamlang is a mountain in the Nepalese Himalayas, near Makalu. It lies in the southern section of the Mahalangur subrange of the Himalayas. Chamlang has an elevation of 7319 m .
Baintha Brakk
Baintha Brakk ( ) or The Ogre is a steep, craggy mountain, 7285 m high, in the Panmah Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range. It is located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is famous for being one of the hardest peaks in the world to climb: twenty-four years elapsed between the first ascent in 1977 and the second in 2001.
Baintha Brakk
Baintha Brakk rises above the north side of the Biafo Glacier, one of the major glaciers of the central Karakoram. It lies about 75 km north of Skardu, the major town of the region, and about 30 km north of the roadhead at Askole.

Question: Which mountain is higher, Chamlang in Nepal, or the notoriously craggy "Ogre", Baintha Brakk in Pakistan?
Answer: Chamlang
Quran
The Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic Norman O. Brown, acknowledges Brown's observation that the seeming disorganization of Quranic literary expression—its scattered or fragmented mode of composition in Sells's phrase—is in fact a literary device capable of delivering profound effects as if the intensity of the prophetic message were shattering the vehicle of human language in which it was being communicated. Sells also addresses the much-discussed repetitiveness of the Quran, seeing this, too, as a literary device.

Question: How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness?
Answer: a literary device
Footfalls
Footfalls is a play by Samuel Beckett. It was written in English, between 2 March and December 1975 and was first performed at the Royal Court Theatre as part of the Samuel Beckett Festival, on May 20, 1976 directed by Beckett himself. Billie Whitelaw, for whom the piece had been written, played May whilst Rose Hill voiced the mother.
Rose Hill (actress)
Rose Lilian Hill (5 June 1914 – 22 December 2003) was an English actress and operatic soprano, who remains best known for her role as Madame Fanny La Fan in the British television series "'Allo 'Allo!". She was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Question: Who was the English actress who played the voice of the mother in Footfalls
Answer: Rose Hill
Translation
Translation of a text that is sung in vocal music for the purpose of singing in another language—sometimes called "singing translation"—is closely linked to translation of poetry because most vocal music, at least in the Western tradition, is set to verse, especially verse in regular patterns with rhyme. (Since the late 19th century, musical setting of prose and free verse has also been practiced in some art music, though popular music tends to remain conservative in its retention of stanzaic forms with or without refrains.) A rudimentary example of translating poetry for singing is church hymns, such as the German chorales translated into English by Catherine Winkworth.

Question: What type of forms does popular music tend to retain?
Answer: stanzaic
On the Origin of Species
In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties". He argues for the ubiquity of variation in nature. Historians have noted that naturalists had long been aware that the individuals of a species differed from one another, but had generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species, that archetype being a fixed ideal in the mind of God. Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world.

Question: What does Darwin believe about the differences between species and varieties?
Answer: is arbitrary
Esprit Holdings
Esprit Holdings Limited () is a publicly owned manufacturer of clothing, footwear, accessories, jewellery and housewares under the Esprit label. The company is headquartered in Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Ratingen (near Düsseldorf), Germany. In the 2018–2019 business year, Esprit generated a worldwide sales of around €1.5 billion (as of 30 June 2019). Esprit operates 429 retail stores worldwide and distributes products to more than 4,900 wholesale locations around the globe. Esprit has more than 255,000 square meters of retail space in 40 countries.
Susie Tompkins Buell
Susie Tompkins Buell (née Russell; born 1943) is an American entrepreneur, businesswoman and a donor to progressive causes. Tompkins Buell co-founded the Esprit clothing and The North Face brand with her first husband, Doug Tompkins whom she met when she picked him up while he was hitchhiking. She is also noted for her close friendship with Bill and Hillary Clinton and her status as a Democratic Party mega-donor.
Susie Tompkins Buell
In 1967, Tompkins Buell and Jane Tise co-founded the Plain Jane clothing label. Plain Jane was making $2 million a year by 1970. Tompkins Buell's then-husband Douglas Tompkins, whom she had married in 1964 after the pair met while hitchhiking, recommended changing the name to Esprit.

Question: Susie Tompkins Buell co-founded which publicly-owned manufacturer of clothing and jewelry?
Answer: Esprit
Beyoncé
The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song "Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film "Men in Black". In November, the group released their debut single and first major hit, "No, No, No". They released their self-titled debut album in February 1998, which established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for "No, No, No". The group released their Multi-Platinum second album "The Writing's on the Wall" in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as "Bills, Bills, Bills", the group's first number-one single, "Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. "The Writing's on the Wall" sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, "The Best Man".

Question: What song won Best R&B Performance in the 43 Annual Grammy Awards?
Answer: Say My Name
Jet (magazine)
Jet is an American weekly magazine that focus on news, culture, and entertainment within the African–American community. Founded in November 1951 by John H. Johnson of the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago, Illinois, The magazine was initially billed as "The Weekly Negro News Magazine". "Jet" chronicled the Civil Rights Movement from its earliest years, including the murder of Emmett Till, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the activities of Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
Disney Adventures
Disney Adventures (also short-formed as "D.A.") was a children's entertainment and educational magazine published twelve (later ten) times per year by Disney Publishing Worldwide, a subsidiary of Disney Consumer Products, a unit of The Walt Disney Company. It should not be confused with the (also defunct) "Disney Magazine". "Disney Adventures" also contained the latest news concerning the Disney Channel.

Question: Which magazine wrote about Disney Channel, Disney Adventures or Jet?
Answer: Disney Adventures
Phil Ivey
Phillip Dennis Ivey Jr. (born February 1, 1977) is an American professional poker player who has won ten World Series of Poker bracelets, one World Poker Tour title, and appeared at nine World Poker Tour final tables. Ivey was at one time regarded by numerous poker observers and contemporaries as the best all-around player in the world. In 2017, he was elected to the Poker Hall of Fame.
Gregory Brooks
Gregory Brooks is an entrepreneur and former professional poker player. He began his poker career as an online player on sites such as PokerStars and then moved to no limit tournaments where he won the 2011 World Poker Tour L.A. Poker Classic, defeating Vivek Rajkumar for a prize of $1,654,120. Brooks is the co-founder of Skorb, a venture that he began with his brother in 2011. He is also the founder of LeggoPoker, a community-based website for teaching poker strategy through videos and one-on-one training. The company was purchased by Phil Ivey's IveyPoker in 2013. Brooks also founded the website Textbook Assault which aggregates pricing of textbooks from multiple websites such as Amazon.com, Chegg.com, Barnes and Noble, and eCampus.com.

Question: which American professional poker player purchased  LeggoPoker 
Answer: Phillip Dennis Ivey Jr.
Dave Hughes
David William Hughes (born 26 November 1970) is an Australian stand-up comedian, television and radio presenter.
Logie Awards of 2007
The 49th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 6 May 2007 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Adam Hills, Dave Hughes and Fifi Box, while Hamish Blake and Andy Lee were the backstage hosts. Jules Lund, Livinia Nixon and Jackie O hosted the Red Carpet Arrivals. Special guests included Michael Weatherly, Rachel Griffiths, Jessica Alba, Michael Chiklis and Ioan Gruffud.

Question: What Australian stand-up comedian hosted the 49th Annual Logie Awards?
Answer: Dave Hughes
Ashkenazi Jews
A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 and 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as "matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Sardinians, Italians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it is possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners has been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans.

Question: In one study it was found that the Ashkenazim were more or less diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives?
Answer: more diverse
Labrador Retriever
The Labrador Retriever, Labrador, or Lab is a medium-large breed of retriever-gun dog. The Labrador is the most popular breed of dog in many countries around the world.
Labrador Retriever
A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid those with blindness or autism, act as a therapy dog, or perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies. The breed is best known for their obedience, loyalty, and playful composure. Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs. Originally used in Newfoundland, as fishing dogs, they would help bring in the fishing nets and retrieve fish that had gotten away.
Karelian Bear Dog
The Karelian Bear Dog (Karjalankarhukoira) is a Finnish breed of dog. In its home country, it is regarded as a national treasure. Karelian Bear Dogs will hunt a variety of animals. Its quick reflexes and fearless nature have made it very popular for hunting large game including bears, moose, and wild boar. It was the breed's ability to hunt bears that earned the breed its name. The Karelian Bear Dog is among the top 10 most common dog breeds in Finland.

Question: Are both Karelian Bear Dog and Labrador Retrievers known for hunting large animals?
Answer: no
How to Pick Up Girls!
How to Pick Up Girls! is a 1978 American made-for-television comedy film shot on location in New York City starring Desi Arnaz Jr., Bess Armstrong and Fred McCarren.
Desi Arnaz Jr.
Desiderio Alberto Arnaz IV (born January 19, 1953), known professionally as Desi Arnaz Jr., is an American actor and musician. He is the son of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.

Question: How To Pick Up Girls is the 1978 made for TV movie filmed on location in which city, starring Desi Arnaz Jr., an American actor and musician and the son of Lucille Ball?
Answer: New York City
Portugal
According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic Christian. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional African Herbal Medicine. Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion.

Question: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?
Answer: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
John Kerry
The Kerry Committee report found that "the Contra drug links included. ... . payments to drug traffickers by the U.S. State Department of funds authorized by the Congress for humanitarian assistance to the Contras, in some cases after the traffickers had been indicted by federal law enforcement agencies on drug charges, in others while traffickers were under active investigation by these same agencies." The U.S. State Department paid over $806,000 to known drug traffickers to carry humanitarian assistance to the Contras. Kerry's findings provoked little reaction in the media and official Washington.

Question: What was the response to Kerry's accusation of funding traffickers?
Answer: little reaction in the media and official Washington
Quebec Remparts
There have been two junior ice hockey franchises known as the Quebec Remparts ( ) that played in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The first edition played from 1969 to 1985; the current franchise has played since 1997. Both franchises were based out of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The current team plays at Videotron Centre. The team is named after the Ramparts of Quebec City.
Quebec Remparts
The Remparts have developed notable National Hockey League (NHL) players, including Simon Gagné, Kevin Lowe, Mike Ribeiro, Antoine Vermette, Marc-Édouard Vlasic and Hall of Famers Michel Goulet and Guy Lafleur.
Guy Lafleur
Guy Damien Lafleur (born September 20, 1951), nicknamed "The Flower" and "Le Démon Blond", is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was the first player in National Hockey League (NHL) history to score 50 goals and 100 points in six consecutive seasons. Between 1971 and 1991, Lafleur played for the Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Quebec Nordiques in an NHL career spanning 17 seasons, and five Stanley Cup championships (all with the Canadiens). In 2017 Lafleur was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Question: Which Hall of Famer scored  50 goals and 100 points in six straight seasons and played the the Quebec Ramparts?
Answer: Guy Lafleur
Fatal Termination
Fatal Termination (also known as Death Blow, original title Chi se da feng bao) is a 1990 Hong Kong action film starring Moon Lee and Robin Shou.
Fatal Termination
Two groups of warring terrorists attempt to get hold of an arsenal of weapons due to pass through Hong Kong, the plot is further complicated by two sets of investigating cops, a corrupt customs official and a vicious gangster.
Robin Shou
Shou Wan Por (, born July 17, 1960), known professionally as Robin Shou, is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist and stuntman. Known for his role as Liu Kang in the "Mortal Kombat" film series (1995 and 1997), as Gobei in "Beverly Hills Ninja" (1997 starring Chris Farley), as Gen in "" (2009), and as 14K in "Death Race" films (2008-2013), Shou was also a Hong Kong action star in the late 1980s and early 1990s and has appeared in about 40 movies during his Hong Kong career before he entered Hollywood since 1994.

Question: what does Fatal Termination and Robin Shou have in common?
Answer: film
Child labour
In 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as child trafficking, debt bondage, and forced labour, including forced recruitment of children into armed conflict. The law also prohibits the use of a child for prostitution or the production of pornography, child labour in illicit activities such as drug production and trafficking; and in hazardous work. Both the Worst Forms Convention (C182) and the Minimum Age Convention (C138) are examples of international labour standards implemented through the ILO that deal with child labour.

Question: What types of child labour does this prohibit?
Answer: all forms of slavery
Moebius (2013 film)
Moebius is a 2013 South Korean horror drama film written and directed by Kim Ki-duk. It was screened out of competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival. It was initially banned in South Korea, before the Korea Media Rating Board reviewed the film and changed the rating.
Lee Eun-woo
Lee Na-ra (born August 22, 1980) is a South Korean actress. She has worked on films such as "Moebius" and "Kabukicho Love Hotel". In 2013, she was nominated for Best New Actress at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards.

Question: In what year did Lee Eun-woo both star in the intially banned film Mobius and get nominate for Best New Actress at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards?
Answer: 2013
Chinese characters
The use of such contractions is as old as Chinese characters themselves, and they have frequently been found in religious or ritual use. In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as ( ) "shòu yòu" "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters. A dramatic example is that in medieval manuscripts "púsà" "bodhisattva" (simplified: ) is sometimes written with a single character formed of a 2×2 grid of four (derived from the grass radical over two ). However, for the sake of consistency and standardization, the CPC seeks to limit the use of such polysyllabic characters in public writing to ensure that every character only has one syllable.

Question: What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use?
Answer: Chinese characters
A. G. Cook
Alexander Guy "A. G." Cook (born August 23, 1990) is a British music producer, singer and head of record label PC Music. Since its founding in August 2013, PC Music has represented over twenty artists producing music within a similar genre and style. Cook's dense, chaotic arrangements are distorted versions of mainstream pop music. He was named #12 in the "Dazed" 100 for "redefining style and youth culture in 2015 and beyond". Cook is currently Charli XCX's Creative Director and has executively produced her last four projects: "Number 1 Angel", "Pop 2", "Charli" and "How I'm Feeling Now". 
PC Music
PC Music is a record label and art collective based in London and run by producer A. G. Cook. It was founded and made its first song available on SoundCloud in 2013. The label is known for its surreal or exaggerated take on pop music, often featuring pitch-shifted, feminine vocals and bright, synthetic textures. Artists on its roster include Hannah Diamond, Life Sim, and Danny L Harle.

Question: The head of the record label that made its first song available on SoundCloud in 2013 is currently the Creative Director for whom?
Answer: Charli XCX
Hanover
After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 35,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was only troops from Hanover and Brunswick that consistently opposed France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Peninsular War and the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 elevated the electorate to the Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the Leine and since then has grown considerably.

Question: Where did many soldiers from Hanover emigrate to?
Answer: Great Britain
Matheson & Company
Matheson & Company was a London-based trading house closely associated with Jardine Matheson of Hong Kong and Jardine Skinner of Calcutta. It arranged finance and handled imports from those two companies of products such as tea, silk and jute. Matheson & Company also became involved in venture-capital, specializing in mining. The company was a member of the consortium that formed the Rio Tinto Company. After 1912 it became a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson.
Jardine Matheson
Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited (also known as Jardines) is a multinational conglomerate incorporated in Bermuda and headquartered in Hong Kong, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and secondary listings on the Singapore Exchange and Bermuda Stock Exchange. The majority of its business interests are in Asia, and its subsidiaries include Jardine Pacific, Jardine Motors, Jardine Lloyd Thompson, Hongkong Land, Jardine Strategic Holdings, Dairy Farm, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, Jardine Cycle & Carriage and Astra International. It sponsors the Jardine Scholarship.

Question: What Business conglomerate incorporated in Bermuda is closely associated with Matheson & Company?
Answer: Jardine Matheson
Canadian Armed Forces
Renewal and re-equipment efforts have resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called "core capabilities" (such as the air force's medium-range transport aircraft fleet – the C-130 Hercules – and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:

Question: What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
Answer: C-130 Hercules