qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
All Saints' Flood (1170)
The All Saints' Flood of 1170 (Allerheiligenvloed) was a catastrophic flood in the Netherlands that took place in 1170. Large parts of the Northern Netherlands, and Holland territories were overflowed.
All Saints' Flood (1170)
The flooding North Sea created the islands of Wieringen and Texel. Lake Flevo was once a fresh water lake, but . The Creiler Woods vanished under the waves. The sea area increased inside the Netherlands and large peat areas developed, which were easily washed away.
Zuiderzee
The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee ( , , ] ( ) ; old spelling "Zuyderzee" or "Zuyder Zee") was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 metres (13–16 feet) and a coastline of about 300 km (200 miles). It covered 5,000 km2 . Its name is Dutch for "southern sea", indicating that the name originates in Friesland, to the north of the Zuiderzee (cf. North Sea). In the 20th century the majority of the Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea by the construction of the Afsluitdijk, leaving the mouth of the inlet to become part of the Wadden Sea. The salt water inlet changed into a fresh water lake now called the IJsselmeer (IJssel Lake) after the river that drains into it, and by means of drainage and polders, an area of some 1500 km2 was reclaimed as land. This land eventually became the province of Flevoland, with a population of nearly 400,000 (2011).

Question: What event in 1170 may have caused the creation of 5,000 km2 large shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands?
Answer: All Saints' Flood
R.I. Bong Air Force Base
Richard I. Bong Air Force Base is an unfinished Air Force base. It was named after World War II aviator Major Richard Ira Bong. The base was intended to be an air defense fighter base for the Chicago and Milwaukee areas. It was conceived in the early 1950s and construction began in the mid-1950s. Construction had barely begun when the base was transferred to the Strategic Air Command. Eventually, the base was considered obsolete as it had become apparent to Air Force officials that the base would be redundant with installations nearby that would soon have space for more units. The base was abandoned in 1959 and disposed of the following year.
Richard Bong
Richard Ira Bong (September 24, 1920 – August 6, 1945) was a United States Army Air Forces major and Medal of Honor recipient in World War II. He was one of the most decorated American fighter pilots and the country's top flying ace in the war, credited with shooting down 40 Japanese aircraft, all with the Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter. He died in California while testing a Lockheed P-80 jet fighter shortly before the war ended.

Question: R. I. Bong Air Force Base was named after the famous aviator who was awared the Medal of Honor in which world war?
Answer: World War II
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is the home of Yue opera, one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. "Yueju" originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shao opera (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji).

Question: Who plays female roles in Yueju?
Answer: actresses
Brasília
After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its " " exuded "the same air of elegant monotony", and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness. Although not fully accomplished, the "Brasília utopia" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the " ") surrounded by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafés; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.

Question: What was de Beauvoir's career?
Answer: writer
Beyoncé
In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon. In January 2008, Starwave Mobile launched Beyoncé Fashion Diva, a "high-style" mobile game with a social networking component, featuring the House of Deréon collection. In July 2009, Beyoncé and her mother launched a new junior apparel label, Sasha Fierce for Deréon, for back-to-school selling. The collection included sportswear, outerwear, handbags, footwear, eyewear, lingerie and jewelry. It was available at department stores including Macy's and Dillard's, and specialty stores Jimmy Jazz and Against All Odds. On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil. The collection included tailored blazers with padded shoulders, little black dresses, embroidered tops and shirts and bandage dresses.

Question: In 2010, Beyonce released Dereon to what country?
Answer: Brazil
The Constant Princess
The Constant Princess is a historical fiction novel by Philippa Gregory, published in 2005. The novel depicts a highly fictionalized version of the life of Catherine of Aragon and her rise to power in England.
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon ( ; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; she was previously Princess of Wales as the wife of Henry's elder brother, Arthur.

Question: Who was the Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 depicted in the historical fiction novel by Philippa Gregory?
Answer: Catherine of Aragon
Adrian Peterson
Adrian Mortimer Peterson (born March 21, 1985) is an American football running back for the Washington Football Team of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma, where he set the freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards during the 2004 season. Named a unanimous All-American that year, he became the first freshman to finish as the runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting. Peterson finished his college football career as the Sooners' third all-time leading rusher. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest running backs in NFL history.
Madden NFL 25
Madden NFL 25 is an American football sports video game based on the National Football League and published by EA Sports. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in August 2013. Instead of numbering it "Madden NFL 14" with the year like in previous versions, the "25" in the title refers to the 25th anniversary of the "Madden NFL" series. The eighth-generation console versions of "Madden NFL 25" are the very first games to run on EA Sports's Ignite game engine. However, the seventh generation versions still run on EA's previous game engine, Impact. The seventh-generation versions featured former Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders on the cover, while the eighth-generation versions featured Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson, and were released as launch titles for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in November 2013.

Question: When does the American football running back born who was featured in Minnesota Vikings eighth-generation versions?
Answer: March 21, 1985
Hermann Hesse
Hermann Karl Hesse (]] ( ) ; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include "Demian", "Steppenwolf", "Siddhartha", and "The Glass Bead Game", each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Sharon Kay Penman
Sharon Kay Penman (born August 13, 1945) is an American historical novelist, published in the UK as Sharon Penman. She is best known for the Welsh Princes trilogy and the Plantagenet series. In addition, she has written four medieval mysteries, the first of which, "The Queen's Man", was a finalist in 1996 for the Best First Mystery Edgar Award. Her novels and mysteries are set in England, France, and Wales, and are about English and Welsh royalty during the Middle Ages. "The Sunne in Splendour", her first book, is a stand-alone novel about King Richard III of England and the Wars of the Roses. When the manuscript was stolen she started again and rewrote the book.

Question: Who was born earlier, Hermann Hesse or Sharon Kay Penman?
Answer: Hermann Karl Hesse
Debra Messing
Debra Lynn Messing (born August 15, 1968) is an American actress. After graduating from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, Messing received short-lived roles on television series such as "Ned and Stacey" on Fox (1995–1997) and "Prey" on ABC (1998). She achieved her breakthrough role as Grace Adler, an interior designer, on the NBC sitcom "Will & Grace" (1998–2006, 2017-2020), for which she was critically acclaimed, receiving six Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, winning once in 2003.
On Lexington & 52nd Street
"On Lexington & 52nd Street" (also "Lexington & 52nd Street") is an original song introduced in the seventh episode of the first season of the musical TV series "Smash", entitled "The Workshop". The song is written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman, but in the show's universe, it is written by the songwriting team of Tom Levitt (Christian Borle) and Julia Houston (Debra Messing) for their Marilyn Monroe musical "Bombshell".

Question: Along side the American actress known most notably for her role as Grace Adler on the NBC sitcom "Will & Grace" who wrote the song "On Lexington & 52nd Street" in the show's universe for the Marilyn Monroe musical "Bombshell"?
Answer: Tom Levitt
Vilnius
Vilnius (] ( ) , see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 580,020 as of 2020 . The population of Vilnius's functional urban area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 700,275 (as of 2018), while according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 729,923 permanent inhabitants as of May 2020 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Vilnius is in southeastern Lithuania and is the second-largest city in the Baltic states. It is the seat of Lithuania's national government and the Vilnius District Municipality.
Vilnius
Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies, and is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Before World War II, Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centres in Europe. Its Jewish influence has led to its nickname "the Jerusalem of Lithuania". Napoleon called it "the Jerusalem of the North" as he was passing through in 1812. In 2009, Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture, together with Linz, Austria.
Max Frei
Max Frei ( ) is the pen name of Svetlana Yuryevna Martynchik ( ; ) (born 1965 in Odessa, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union), a fantasy writer from Ukraine. She writes in Russian and mostly publishes in Russia while holding Ukrainian citizenship. She permanently resides in Vilnius, Lithuania. Martynchik has collaborated many years on her books with her spouse, artist Igor Steopin (1967-2018).
Max Frei
Martynchik studied philology at Odessa State University, but dropped out without graduating. From 1986 she collaborated with artist Igor Steopin, whom she later married. The couple moved to Moscow, Russia, in 1993, to work at Marat Gelman's gallery. There, Svetlana started writing fantasy books.

Question: Max Frei, is the pen name of Svetlana Yuryevna Martynchik, a Russian fantasy writer, she writes in Russian and currently lives as a permanent resident in which capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 542,664 as of 2015?
Answer: Vilnius
Arsenal F.C.
When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.

Question: What traditional Arsenal colors have frequently been employed for away kits?
Answer: yellow and blue
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, national holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. Their position is that these traditional holidays reflect Satan's control over the world. Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.

Question: Why do Jehovah Witnesses forego religious holidays and birthdays or other celebrations?
Answer: they consider to honor people other than Jesus
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. At 21, he settled in Paris. Thereafter—in the last 18 years of his life—he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano lessons, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann.

Question: What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with?
Answer: Franz Liszt
The Emperor of Portugallia
The Emperor of Portugallia (Swedish: Kejsarn av Portugallien) is a novel by Nobel-laureate Selma Lagerlöf, published in 1914 with drawings by Albert Engström. Lagerlöf called it a "Swedish King Lear". The novel was a success with critics and readers, newspaper reviewers said the novel was at the same level as Lagerlöf's earlier novels "Gösta Berling's Saga" and the first part of "Jerusalem". It has been filmed three times: 1925, 1944 and 1992. An English translation by Velma Swanston Howard was published in 1916.
Selma Lagerlöf
Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf ( , , ] ( ) ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish author and teacher. She published her first novel, "Gösta Berling's Saga", at the age of 33. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she was awarded in 1909. Additionally, she was the first woman to be granted a membership in The Swedish Academy in 1914.

Question: What nationality was the author of The Emperor of Portugallia?
Answer: Swedish
Tazio Nuvolari
Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari (] ; 16 November 1892 – 11 August 1953) was an Italian racing driver. He first raced motorcycles and then concentrated on sports cars and single-seaters. A resident of Mantua, he was known as 'Il Mantovano Volante' (The Flying Mantuan) and nicknamed 'Nivola'. His victories—72 major races, 150 in all —included 24 Grands Prix, five Coppa Cianos, two Mille Miglias, two Targa Florios, two RAC Tourist Trophies, a Le Mans 24-hour race, and a European Championship in Grand Prix racing. Ferdinand Porsche called him "the greatest driver of the past, the present, and the future."
Ferdinand Porsche
Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875 – 30 January 1951) was an Austrian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche car company. He is best known for creating the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner-Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, several other important developments and Porsche automobiles.
Ferdinand Porsche
An important contributor to the German war effort during World War II, Porsche was involved in the production of advanced tanks such as the VK 4501 (P), the Elefant (initially called "Ferdinand") self-propelled gun, and the Panzer VIII Maus super-heavy tank, as well as other weapon systems, including the V-1 flying bomb. Porsche was a member of the Nazi Party, and was called the "Great German Engineer" by Nazi officials. He was a recipient of the German National Prize for Art and Science, the SS-Ehrenring and the War Merit Cross.

Question: What is the person who called Tazio Nuvolari "the greatest driver of the past, the present, and the future" best known for?
Answer: for creating the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner-Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, several other important developments and Porsche automobiles
High-definition television
The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television. Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. In Europe too, the HD-MAC standard was considered not technically viable.

Question: What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
Answer: use bandwidths greater than normal television
Ketu South Municipal District
The Ketu South Municipal District (formerly "Ketu South District") is one of the 25 districts in the Volta Region of Ghana. The administrative capital is Denu. The district is bonded by Togo to the east, the Gulf of Guinea to the south, Keta Municipal District to the west and Ketu North District to the north.
Ketu North Municipal District
The Ketu North or Ketu Dzigbe "Municipal District" is one of the 25 districts in the Volta Region of Ghana. Its capital and administrative centre is Dzodze.

Question: What is the capital of the district that is north of Ketu South Municipal District?
Answer: Dzodze
History of India
One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism, leading Indians to seek first "self-rule" and later "complete independence". However, historians are divided over the causes of its rise. Probable reasons include a "clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests", "racial discriminations", and "the revelation of India's past".

Question: What movement rose in the 19th century?
Answer: Indian nationalism
1. FC Köln
1. Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V., commonly known as simply FC Köln or FC Cologne in English (] ), is a German professional football club based in Cologne in North Rhine-Westphalia. It was formed in 1948 as a merger of the clubs "Kölner Ballspiel-Club 1901" and "SpVgg Sülz 07". Köln gained promotion back to the Bundesliga in the 2018–19 season after being relegated to 2. Bundesliga the previous season. The team won the first Bundesliga in 1963, and another one in 1977. The team plays its home matches at Rheinenergiestadion.
1. FC Köln
The club's nickname "Die Geißböcke" (The Billy Goats) refers to the club's mascot, a male goat named "Hennes" after the veteran FC player and (later) manager Hennes Weisweiler. The first "Hennes" was donated by a circus entrepreneur as a Cologne carnival joke. The current mascot is "Hennes" IX as of 1 August 2019 after Hennes VIII was retired by the club due to old age. Another nickname for the club, more common locally due to its ambiguity, is "FC" (often written as "Effzeh"), a common German abbreviation for football clubs. Characteristic for the dialect spoken around Cologne, this is pronounced "EF-tsay", in contrast to the Standard German pronunciation of the abbreviation where the second syllable is emphasized (] ). Köln play at home in white and red, both colours having been used as the main shirt colour throughout its history. The club has long-standing rivalries with nearby clubs Borussia Mönchengladbach, Fortuna Düsseldorf, and Bayer Leverkusen.
1970–71 DFB-Pokal
The 1970–71 DFB-Pokal was the 28th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 12 December 1970 and ended on 19 June 1971. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final Bayern Munich defeated 1. FC Köln 2–1 after extra time. It was Bayern's fifth triumph in the cup while it was Cologne's second consecutive loss in the final.

Question: The 1970–71 DFB-Pokal was the 28th season of the annual German football cup competition, in the final Bayern Munich defeated 2–1, which German association football club based in Cologne, and was formed in 1948 as a merger of the clubs "Kölner Ballspiel-Club 1901" and "SpVgg Sülz 07"?
Answer: FC Köln
Separation of church and state in the United States
In "Epperson v. Arkansas", 393 U.S. 97 (1968), the Supreme Court considered an Arkansas law that made it a crime "to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals," or "to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches" this theory in any school or university that received public funds. The court's opinion, written by Justice Abe Fortas, ruled that the Arkansas law violated "the constitutional prohibition of state laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The overriding fact is that Arkansas' law selects from the body of knowledge a particular segment which it proscribes for the sole reason that it is deemed to conflict with a particular religious doctrine; that is, with a particular interpretation of the Book of Genesis by a particular religious group." The court held that the Establishment Clause prohibits the state from advancing any religion, and that "[T]he state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them."

Question: When did the case of Epperson v. Arkansas take place?
Answer: 1968
Georgica Pond
Georgica Pond is a 290 acre coastal lagoon on the west border of East Hampton Village and Wainscott, and was the site of a Summer White House of Bill Clinton in 1998 and 1999.
East Hampton (village), New York
The Village of East Hampton is a village in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the town of East Hampton on the South Fork of eastern Long Island. The population was 1,083 at the time of the 2010 census, 251 less than in the year 2000. It is a center of the summer resort and upscale locality at the East End of Long Island known as The Hamptons and is generally considered one of the area's two most prestigious communities.

Question: In what county was Bill Clinton's Summer White House in 1998 and 1999?
Answer: Suffolk County
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics (, ), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto "Welcome Home."
2004 Summer Olympics
The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries. There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began. Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896, Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time (together with Paris, London, and Los Angeles).
Kriangkrai Noikoed
Kriangkrai Noikoed ( ; born October 6, 1975 in Bangkok) is a Thai taekwondo practitioner, who competed in the men's welterweight category. He claimed a bronze medal in the 70-kg division at the 1998 Asian Games in his native Bangkok, retrieved three men's welterweight titles at the Southeast Asian Games (1999, 2001, and 2003), and later represented his nation Thailand at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Question: "Welcome Home" was the motto of which worldwide sporting event in which Kriangkrai Noikoed participated?
Answer: 2004 Summer Olympics
Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name "Enen-kio".

Question: What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?
Answer: Enen-kio
Financial crisis of 2007–2008
A conflict of interest between investment management professional and institutional investors, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client assets under management. There is, therefore, an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management in order to maximize their compensation. As the glut in global investment capital caused the yields on credit assets to decline, asset managers were faced with the choice of either investing in assets where returns did not reflect true credit risk or returning funds to clients. Many asset managers continued to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments, to the detriment of their clients, so they could maintain their assets under management. They supported this choice with a "plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets because the loss experience with early "vintages" of subprime loans was so low.

Question: What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management?
Answer: to maximize their compensation
Alaska
As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as "The Bush" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order.

Question: How many incorporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2010 Census?
Answer: 355
Paris
France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the "Île de la Cité", while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.

Question: What is the highest court in the judicial order?
Answer: Court of Cassation
Pan American Games sports
The Pan American Games sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer Olympic Games. In addition, traditional and popular sports throughout the Americas which are not contested at the Olympic Games are also contested such as bowling and baseball. As of 2015, the Pan American Games included 36 sports with 51 disciplines and 364 events. The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Pan American Games to another.
Softball at the 2015 Pan American Games
Softball competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto was held from July 12 to 26 at the Pan Am Ball Park, in Ajax, Ontario. Men's softball returned to the Pan American Games sports program after last being competed in 2003. A total of six men and women's teams competed in each tournament respectively.

Question: The games sports comprise all the sports in  what contest that happens every four years, that softball returned to after last being competed in 2003 at the Pan Am Ball Park, in Ajax, Ontario?
Answer: Summer Olympic Games
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Peter Schattschneider
Peter Schattschneider (a.o. Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Mag.rer.nat. Dr.techn.) (born 1950 in Vienna) is an Austrian Physicist and Science-Fiction-Writer, currently a retired Professor at the Institute of Solid State Physics and a staff member of the USTEM special unit of the Vienna University of Technology. His research focuses on electron microscopy, specifically on Electron energy loss spectroscopy and the inelastic interactions between electrons and matter. He is also interested in the history of physics, the science in Science Fiction, and the role of science in society. His group was responsible for the discovery of Electron magnetic circular dichroism in 2006.
Peter Schattschneider
Peter Schattschneider completed his diploma degree in Physics in 1973 at the Vienna University of Technology, with a thesis entitled "X-ray diffusion profiles in thin layers" ( ). In 1976 he successfully defended at the same university his PhD thesis on "The determination of lattice constants of binary alloys from X-ray diffraction profiles" ( ). From 1974 to 1977 he was also enrolled at the University of Vienna where he obtained a mag. rer. nat. degree in the college teaching of Physics and Mathematics. After working for a few years on air- and spaceborn sensors in a private engineering enterprise, he returned to his alma mater in 1980 as assistant in the Institute for Applied and Technical Physics, where he became Assistant Professor in 1988.

Question:  Peter Schattschneider is a cientist who has specialized knowledge in the exploration of the interactions of matter and energy across what?
Answer: the physical universe
Josip Broz Tito
On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognised by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory, which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive that succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.

Question: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?
Answer: the Partisans
John Carney (director)
John Carney (born 1972) is an Irish film director, producer, screenwriter, and lyricist who specialises in low-budget musical drama films. He is best known for his 2007 movie "Once" and the film "Sing Street". He is also a co-creator of the Irish TV drama series "Bachelors Walk".
Zonad
Zonad is a film by John Carney and Kieran Carney that premiered in July 2009 at the "Galway Film" Fleadh with the directors in attendance.

Question: Zonad is a film by an Irish film and TV writer/director who is best known for what award wining 2007 movie?
Answer: Once
Alps
Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals.

Question: How long have Alpine crystals been studied and collected? 
Answer: hundreds of years
Pope John XXIII
On 3 December 1963, US President Lyndon B. Johnson posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award, in recognition of the good relationship between Pope John XXIII and the United States of America. In his speech on 6 December 1963, Johnson said: "I have also determined to confer the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously on another noble man whose death we mourned 6 months ago: His Holiness, Pope John XXIII. He was a man of simple origins, of simple faith, of simple charity. In this exalted office he was still the gentle pastor. He believed in discussion and persuasion. He profoundly respected the dignity of man.

Question: Who posthumously awarded his the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
Answer: US President Lyndon B. Johnson
Premier League
Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The Football League First Division, the top level of English football since 1888, was behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.

Question: How long were the clubs banned for?
Answer: five years
PlayStation 3
Sony have since launched their budget range of PlayStation 3 titles, known as the Greatest Hits range in North America, the Platinum range in Europe and Australia and The Best range in Japan. Among the titles available in the budget range include "", "MotorStorm", "", "", "Call Of Duty 3", "Assassin's Creed" and "Ninja Gaiden Sigma". As of October 2009 "", "", "Devil May Cry 4", "Army of Two", "" and "" have also joined the list.

Question: What words would you see in the United States or Canada on a PS3 game that would signify its lower price?
Answer: Greatest Hits
Jolly Jack's Lost Mine
Jolly Jack's Lost Mine is a legend about a hidden placer mine supposed to be located in the Boundary Country of British Columbia. The mine has been written about by local historians and various magazines. Many have searched for the lost placer mine of Jolly Jack. It is a local legend in the Boundary Country.
Outpost Island Mine
The Outpost Island Mine was a gold and tungsten producer 94 kilometres southeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories on an island of Great Slave Lake. Gold was discovered here in 1935 by prospectors, and some development was undertaken in 1936–1938. Tungsten ores became valuable during World War II, so the owners (Slave Lake Gold Mines Limited) investigated the tungsten possibilities of the mine. It produced small amounts of gold, copper, and tungsten during 1941–1942, and then again in 1951-1952 during the Korean War. It was a small deposit and was not considered economic because of unpredictable tungsten market prices in the 1950s.

Question: Is the Outpost Island Mine and Jolly Jack's Lost Mine mines?
Answer: yes
Travis Ford
Travis Ford (born December 29, 1969) is an American college basketball coach, who is currently the head coach of the Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball team. He was also previously the head coach at Campbellsville University, Eastern Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Oklahoma State. Prior to that, he played at the University of Missouri and the University of Kentucky.
Derek Kellogg
Derek Wolfgang Kellogg (born June 20, 1973) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head men's basketball coach at Long Island University (LIU). Kellogg first arrived at the university in 2017, when he was named head coach of the LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds, which represented the school's Brooklyn campus. He was named head coach of the current LIU team upon its formation in July 2019 when LIU merged the Brooklyn athletic program with that of its Post campus, creating a new program that now competes as the LIU Sharks. Before arriving at LIU Brooklyn, Kellogg was head coach of the men's basketball team at his alma mater, the University of Massachusetts, being named to the position on April 23, 2008, replacing Travis Ford, who left to take the head coaching job at Oklahoma State University. He was removed from the position on March 9, 2017.

Question: how is derek kellogg and travis ford connected?
Answer: American college basketball coach
Brian Percival
Brian Percival is a British film director, known for his work on the British television series "Downton Abbey" and "North & South", as well as the feature film "The Book Thief".
The Book Thief (film)
The Book Thief is a 2013 war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind-hearted foster father, the girl begins "borrowing" books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar-winning composer John Williams.

Question: Which fil directed by Brian Percival is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family dua?ing the Nazi err
Answer: The Book Thief
Georgian architecture
In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century. The Grange, for example, a manor built in Toronto, was built in 1817. In Montreal, English-born architect John Ostell worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the Old Montreal Custom House and the Grand séminaire de Montréal.

Question: Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain?
Answer: United Empire Loyalists
Predation
The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. In that area, wolves are both keystone species and apex predators. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing near streams, protecting the beavers' food sources. The removal of wolves had a direct effect on the beaver population, as their habitat became territory for grazing. Increased browsing on willows and conifers along Blacktail Creek due to a lack of predation caused channel incision because the reduced beaver population was no longer able to slow the water down and keep the soil in place. The predators were thus demonstrated to be of vital importance in the ecosystem.

Question: How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?
Answer: habitat became territory for grazing.
Linden, New South Wales
Linden is a village in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the City of Blue Mountains, 81 km west of Sydney and 19 km east of Katoomba. The village is on the Great Western Highway and has a railway station on the Main Western railway line served by NSW TrainLink's Blue Mountains Line. It shares a post office, and therefore the 2778 postcode, with adjoining Woodford. In the 2011 census , its population was 594, including 19 indigenous people (3.2%).
Main Western railway line, New South Wales
The Main Western Railway is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, Central West, North West Slopes and the Far West regions. It is 825 km with 484 km operational & 341 km under construction & repairs.

Question: The Main Western Railway located in Linden, New South Wales, runs through what area?
Answer: Blue Mountains, Central West, North West Slopes and the Far West regions
Adolescence
Many cultures define the transition into adultlike sexuality by specific biological or social milestones in an adolescent's life. For example, menarche (the first menstrual period of a female), or semenarche (the first ejaculation of a male) are frequent sexual defining points for many cultures. In addition to biological factors, an adolescent's sexual socialization is highly dependent upon whether their culture takes a restrictive or permissive attitude toward teen or premarital sexual activity. In the United States specifically, adolescents are said to have "raging hormones" that drive their sexual desires. These sexual desires are then dramatized regarding teen sex and seen as "a site of danger and risk; that such danger and risk is a source of profound worry among adults". There is little to no normalization regarding teenagers having sex in the U.S., which causes conflict in how adolescents are taught about sex education. There is a constant debate about whether abstinence-only sex education or comprehensive sex education should be taught in schools and this stems back to whether or not the country it is being taught in is permissive or restrictive. Restrictive cultures overtly discourage sexual activity in unmarried adolescents or until an adolescent undergoes a formal rite of passage. These cultures may attempt to restrict sexual activity by separating males and females throughout their development, or through public shaming and physical punishment when sexual activity does occur. In less restrictive cultures, there is more tolerance for displays of adolescent sexuality, or of the interaction between males and females in public and private spaces. Less restrictive cultures may tolerate some aspects of adolescent sexuality, while objecting to other aspects. For instance, some cultures find teenage sexual activity acceptable but teenage pregnancy highly undesirable. Other cultures do not object to teenage sexual activity or teenage pregnancy, as long as they occur after marriage. In permissive societies, overt sexual behavior among unmarried teens is perceived as acceptable, and is sometimes even encouraged. Regardless of whether a culture is restrictive or permissive, there are likely to be discrepancies in how females versus males are expected to express their sexuality. Cultures vary in how overt this double standard is—in some it is legally inscribed, while in others it is communicated through social convention. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth face much discrimination through bullying from those unlike them and may find telling others that they are gay to be a traumatic experience. The range of sexual attitudes that a culture embraces could thus be seen to affect the beliefs, lifestyles, and societal perceptions of its adolescents.

Question: Are males and females expected to express their sexuality in the same ways or are there discrepancies between genders and cultures?
Answer: discrepancies
Frédéric Chopin
Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies worldwide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January  2014 .

Question: How many known works of Chopin's music were on YouTube up to the beginning of 2014?
Answer: nearly 1,500
Eicca Toppinen
Eino Matti "Eicca" Toppinen (born 5 August 1975) is a Finnish cellist, songwriter, producer, arranger, and (as a hobby) drummer. In 1993 he formed the quartet Apocalyptica.
John Bush (musician)
John R. Bush (born August 24, 1963) is an American heavy metal vocalist. He came to prominence in the 1980s as the lead singer and lyricist of Armored Saint, a traditional heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. In 1992, he joined the thrash metal band Anthrax, with whom he remained until 2005 and briefly rejoined in 2009–2010. Bush has also been active with the reformed Armored Saint intermittently from 1999 to the present.

Question: Are Eicca Toppinen and John Bush both from Finland?
Answer: no
Woody Allen
Heywood "Woody" Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1, 1935 ) is an American director, writer, actor, and comedian whose career spans more than six decades and multiple Academy Award-winning movies. He began his career as a comedy writer on Sid Caesar's comedy variety program, "Your Show of Shows", working alongside Mel Brooks, Carl Reiner, Larry Gelbart and Neil Simon. He also began writing material for television, published several books featuring short stories, and writing humor pieces for "The New Yorker". In the early 1960s, he performed as a stand-up comedian in Greenwich Village alongside Lenny Bruce, Elaine May, Mike Nichols, and Joan Rivers. There he developed a monologue style (rather than traditional jokes), and the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. He released three comedy albums during the mid to late 1960s, even earning a Grammy Award nomination for his 1964 comedy album entitled simply, "Woody Allen". In 2004 Comedy Central ranked Allen fourth on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians, while a UK survey ranked Allen the third-greatest comedian.
Karl Shapiro
Karl Jay Shapiro (November 10, 1913 – May 14, 2000) was an American poet. He was appointed the fifth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1946.

Question: Who was appointed the fifth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1946, Woody Allen or Karl Shapiro ?
Answer: Karl Jay Shapiro
Phil Neville
Philip John Neville (born 21 January 1977) is an English former footballer, and the current head coach of the England women's team. He is also the co-owner of Salford City, along with several of his former Manchester United teammates.
1995–96 Manchester United F.C. season
The 1995–96 season was Manchester United's fourth season in the Premier League, and their 21st consecutive season in the top division of English football. United finished the season by becoming the first English team to win the Double (league title and FA Cup) twice. Their triumph was made all the more remarkable by the fact that Alex Ferguson had sold experienced players Paul Ince, Mark Hughes and Andrei Kanchelskis before the start of the season, and not made any major signings. Instead, he had drafted in young players like Nicky Butt, David Beckham, Paul Scholes and the Neville brothers, Gary and Phil.

Question: Which player that Alex Ferguson drafted in the 1995–96 Manchester United F.C. season is currently a television pundit for Sky Sports?
Answer: Philip John Neville