qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Antarctica
As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonly known as "mammal-like reptiles", were common in Antarctica during the Early Triassic and included forms such as "Lystrosaurus". The Antarctic Peninsula began to form during the Jurassic period (206–146 Ma), and islands gradually rose out of the ocean. Ginkgo trees, conifers, bennettites, horsetails, ferns and cycads were plentiful during this period. In West Antarctica, coniferous forests dominated through the entire Cretaceous period (146–66 Ma), though southern beech became more prominent towards the end of this period. Ammonites were common in the seas around Antarctica, and dinosaurs were also present, though only three Antarctic dinosaur genera ("Cryolophosaurus" and "Glacialisaurus", from the Hanson Formation, and "Antarctopelta") have been described to date. It was during this era that Gondwana began to break up.

Question: What plants were abundant during this time?
Answer: pteridosperms
Spirit Lake Massacre
The Spirit Lake Massacre (March 8–12, 1857) was an attack by a "Wahpekute" band of Santee Sioux on scattered Iowa frontier settlements during a severe winter. Suffering a shortage of food, the renegade chief Inkpaduta (Scarlet Point) led 14 Sioux against the settlements near Okoboji and Spirit lakes in the northwestern territory of Iowa near the Minnesota border, in revenge of the murder of Inkpaduta's brother, Sidominadotah, and Sidominadotah's family by Henry Lott. The Sioux killed 35-40 settlers in their scattered holdings, took four young women captive, and headed north. The youngest captive, Abbie Gardner, was kept a few months before being ransomed in early summer. It was the last Native American attack on settlers in Iowa, but the events increased tensions between the Sioux and settlers in the Minnesota Territory. 
Inkpaduta
Inkpaduta (Dakota: Iŋkpáduta, variously translated as "Red End," "Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") (about 1797–1881) was a war chief of the Wahpekute band of the Dakota (Eastern or Santee Dakota) during the 1857 Spirit Lake Massacre and later Western Sioux actions against the United States Army in the Dakota Territory, Wyoming and Montana.

Question: Which person, going by the name "Red End", as well as many other names, led 14 Sioux against the settlements near Okoboji and the Spirit Lakes?
Answer: Inkpaduta
Apothecary Rx
Apothecary Rx is the second studio album by Carl Hancock Rux, produced by Rob Hyman (of "The Hooters") and Stewart Lerman. The album also features singer Stephanie McKay and contributions from jazz violinist Leroy Jenkins and singer-songwriter Marc Anthony Thompson (of "Chocolate Genius"). The album was selected by French writer Phillippe Robert for his 2008 publication "Great Black Music": an exhaustive tribute of 110 albums including 1954's Lady Sings The Blues by Billie Holiday, the work of Jazz artists Oliver Nelson, Max Roach, John Coltrane; rhythm and blues artists Otis Redding, Ike & Tina Turner, Curtis Mayfield, George Clinton; as well as individual impressions of Fela Kuti, Jimi Hendrix, and Mos Def.
Billie Holiday
Eleanora Fagan (April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959), professionally known as Billie Holiday, was an American jazz and swing music singer with a career spanning for 26 years. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and music partner Lester Young, Holiday had an innovative influence on jazz music and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. She was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills.
Billie Holiday
After a turbulent childhood, Holiday began singing in nightclubs in Harlem, where she was heard by the producer John Hammond, who commended her voice. She signed a recording contract with Brunswick in 1935. Collaborations with Teddy Wilson yielded the hit "What a Little Moonlight Can Do", which became a jazz standard. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Holiday had mainstream success on labels such as Columbia and Decca. By the late 1940s, however, she was beset with legal troubles and drug abuse. After a short prison sentence, she performed at a sold-out concert at Carnegie Hall, but her reputation deteriorated because of her drug and alcohol problems.

Question: In what publication did albums by performers Carl Hancock Rux and Eleanora Fagan appear?
Answer: Great Black Music
The African Lion
The African Lion is a 1955 feature-length Technicolor documentary directed by James Algar. It was released by Walt Disney Productions as part of its "True-Life Adventures" series. The film, which was shot over a 30-month period in Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda, focuses on the life of the lion within the complexity of the African ecosystem. At the 6th Berlin International Film Festival it won the Silver Bear (Documentaries) award.
Norman R. Palmer
Norman Palmer (October 7, 1918 - March 23, 2013) was an American television editor for The Walt Disney Company. Palmer worked for Disney for around 45 years and served as a mentor to Roy E. Disney, who was later appointed vice-chairman of Disney productions.
Norman R. Palmer
Palmer was born and raised in California and graduated from Hollywood High School in 1937. He joined the editorial division of Disney in 1940. Palmer edited films including "The Living Desert", "The African Lion", "Water Birds", "The Shaggy D.A.", and "The Legend of Lobo".

Question: What 1955 documentary was edited by Norman Palmer and released by Walt Disney Productions as part of its "True-Life Adventure" series?
Answer: The African Lion
Beyoncé
Beyoncé has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for the fragrances True Star (singing a cover version of "Wishing on a Star") and True Star Gold; she also promoted Emporio Armani's Diamonds fragrance in 2007. Beyoncé launched her first official fragrance, Heat, in 2010. The commercial, which featured the 1956 song "Fever", was shown after the water shed in the United Kingdom as it begins with an image of Beyoncé appearing to lie naked in a room. In February 2011, Beyoncé launched her second fragrance, Heat Rush. Beyoncé's third fragrance, Pulse, was launched in September 2011. In 2013, The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat was released. The six editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line, with sales of over $400 million.

Question: Beyonce's first fragrance had what name?
Answer: Heat
2008 Sichuan earthquake
Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighbouring panda reserves remained unknown. Five security guards at the reserve were killed by the earthquake. Six pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake. By May 28, 2008, one panda was still missing. The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure. Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding centre.

Question: How many pandas escaped the reserve?
Answer: Six
Federalism
Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both. In its foundation, it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..." This stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

Question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?
Answer: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..
Ben Hansbrough
Ben Hansbrough (born December 23, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player and a former assistant coach for Western Kentucky University. He resigned from WKU on October 16, 2017. He is the younger brother of former NBA player Tyler Hansbrough.
Tyler Hansbrough
In college, Hansbrough was a star with the North Carolina Tar Heels from 2005 to 2009. He was the first player in Atlantic Coast Conference history to be named first-team All-ACC four times and to be a first-team All-American four times (he was a consensus first team pick in three of those seasons). Hansbrough was named ACC Rookie of the Year in 2006 and ACC Player of the Year in 2008; he also swept all national player of the year awards in 2008. Hansbrough won a NCAA championship in his senior season at North Carolina.
Tyler Hansbrough
Following his college career, Hansbrough was selected by the Indiana Pacers with the 13th overall pick in the 2009 NBA draft. He played four seasons for the Pacers and later played for the Toronto Raptors and the Charlotte Hornets. He has since played in the NBA Development League and in China.

Question: Which team drafted Ben Hansbrough's older brother in 2009?
Answer: Indiana Pacers
Pain
The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72% of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 67% reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quality; others experience several bouts of pain per day, or it may reoccur less often. It is often described as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb. Phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.

Question: What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period?
Answer: become sensitized
Age of Enlightenment
The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on music publications. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Dictionnaire de musique" (published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris) was a leading text in the late 18th century. This widely available dictionary gave short definitions of words like genius and taste and was clearly influenced by the Enlightenment movement. Another text influenced by Enlightenment values was Charles Burney's "A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period" (1776), which was a historical survey and an attempt to rationalize elements in music systematically over time. Recently, musicologists have shown renewed interest in the ideas and consequences of the Enlightenment. For example, Rose Rosengard Subotnik's "Deconstructive Variations" (subtitled "Music and Reason in Western Society") compares Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte" (1791) using the Enlightenment and Romantic perspectives and concludes that the work is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment".

Question: What publication of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a leading text in the late 18th century and was published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris?
Answer: Dictionnaire de musique
Morphic (band)
Morphic was an American heavy metal band formed in Royal Oak, Michigan, in 2000. The band's final lineup consisted of John Webb (lead vocals), Josh DeVries (guitar), Wes Alfonsi (bass guitar), Andrew Hale (lead guitar) and Matt Morrocco (drums, percussion). Previously, the group also featured guitarist Tomo Miličević, who joined Thirty Seconds to Mars in 2003.
Royal Oak, Michigan
Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 57,236. 
Royal Oak, Michigan
The city is located along the Woodward Corridor, and Interstate 75 and Interstate 696 also pass through Royal Oak. As a northern suburb of Metro Detroit, the city is about 3 mi north of the city of Detroit. Portions of the Detroit Zoo are within Royal Oak, extending into neighboring Huntington Woods.

Question: Which suburb of Detroit was the location of the formation of the band Morphic?
Answer: Royal Oak, Michigan
Culture
In the United States, cultural studies focuses largely on the study of popular culture; that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western civilization" or "globalism."

Question: Who first coined the term "Cultural Studies" in the United States?
Answer: Richard Hoggart
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, "The Tramp", and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.
The Star Boarder (1914 film)
The Star Boarder is a 1914 American short comedy film starring Charlie Chaplin.

Question: The Star Boarder is a 1914 American short comedy film starring which English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film?
Answer: Charlie Chaplin
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2010, the city had a population of 39,558. It was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Boardwalk Empire (season 3)
The third season of the HBO television series "Boardwalk Empire" premiered on September 16, 2012 and concluded on December 2, 2012, consisting of 12 episodes. The series was created by Terence Winter and based on the book "Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City" by Nelson Johnson. Set in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition era, the series stars Steve Buscemi as Enoch "Nucky" Thompson (based on the historical Enoch "Nucky" Johnson), a political figure who rose to prominence and controlled Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition period of the 1920s and early 1930s. Taking place 16 months after season two, the third season begins on New Year's Eve 1922 and concludes in June 1923. The third season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 20, 2013.

Question: The city in which "Boardwalk Empire" is set was incorporated on what date?
Answer: May 1, 1854
Dominican Order
The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman. Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need. argues the Dominicans and other mendicant orders were an adaptation to the rise of the profit economy in medieval Europe.

Question: Who led the Friars Minor order at this time?
Answer: Francis of Assisi
Travie McCoy
Travis Lazarus "Travie" McCoy (born August 5, 1981) is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is the co-founder and former lead vocalist of the rap rock band Gym Class Heroes, in addition to having a solo career. McCoy became involved with punk rock scenes as a teenager. He formed the band Gym Class Heroes with childhood friend Matt McGinley, and after several line-up changes, the group was signed to Fueled by Ramen which released their debut album.
I Fight Dragons
I Fight Dragons is an American rock band from Chicago. Their music is a combination of pop rock with chiptune, featuring electronic sounds made using Nintendo Game Boys and Nintendo Entertainment Systems, a genre also known as nintendocore. To date they have released three full-length albums: 2011's "KABOOM!", which came out on Photo Finish / Atlantic Records, 2014's "The Near Future", which they self-released after raising over $100,000 on Kickstarter through their "Project Atma" project, and 2019's "Canon Eyes". They have also released two EPs, 2009's "Cool Is Just a Number" and 2010's "Welcome to the Breakdown". Their music has been featured on Nintendo Video as well as on the WWE, and they wrote and performed the theme song for ABC's "The Goldbergs". They have toured the USA with mc chris and Whole Wheat Bread in 2009, 3OH!3, Cobra Starship, and Travie McCoy in 2010, The Protomen in 2011, and they were on the entire 2012 and 2014 Vans Warped Tours. They went on their first national headlining tour, "The War of Cyborg Liberation Tour", with openers MC Lars and Skyfox in 2012. From 2010 until 2012 they were signed to Photo Finish / Atlantic Records, but in fall 2012 they won their release from the label. Since 2014, they have toured sporadically as well as playing annual headlining shows at Chicago's Lincoln Hall. Frontman Brian Mazzaferri attended Glenbrook South High School with Fall Out Boy lead vocalist and guitarist Patrick Stump.
I Fight Dragons
I Fight Dragons was formed in 2008, with all five members hailing from Chicago. Their first EP, "Cool Is Just a Number", was self-released in 2009. In June, 2009, Mike Mentzer left the band to pursue his own solo career and was replaced by Packy Lundholm, who had played drums on the band's first EP, and has since played lead guitar in the band. On July 25, 2009, I Fight Dragons headlined the Metro in Chicago for the first time. This show was captured as a Live DVD, and a limited run of 500 numbered and signed copies of the DVD, entitled "Dragon Fight!", were released in January 2010. In August 2009, Dave Midell left the band to pursue humanitarian causes. Chad Van Dahm was brought in as the new drummer.

Question: Which band did the American rapper, singer and songwriter co-founder who toured USA with I Fight Dragons in 2010?
Answer: Gym Class Heroes
51st state
The District of Columbia is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of "The Federalist Papers", James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the "seat of government" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a "municipal legislature for local purposes", Madison did not address the district's role in national voting. Legal scholars disagree on whether a simple act of Congress can admit the District as a state, due to its status as the seat of government of the United States, which Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution requires to be under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; depending on the interpretation of this text, admission of the full District as a state may require a Constitutional amendment, which is much more difficult to enact. However, the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District. Its size has already changed once before, when Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac. So the constitutional requirement for a federal district can be satisfied by reducing its size to the small central core of government buildings and monuments.

Question: Where are these ideas located in the Federalist Papers?
Answer: Federalist No. 43
Age of Enlightenment
More importantly, the contests were open to all and the enforced anonymity of each submission guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging. Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary and the medical profession"), there were some cases of the popular classes submitting essays and even winning. Similarly, a significant number of women participated—and won—the competitions. Of a total of 2,300 prize competitions offered in France, women won 49—perhaps a small number by modern standards, but very significant in an age in which most women did not have any academic training. Indeed, the majority of the winning entries were for poetry competitions, a genre commonly stressed in women's education.

Question: Women's education common stressed which literary genre?
Answer: poetry
Portugal
The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic. Genetic studies show Portuguese populations not to be significantly different from other European populations. Portuguese people have a preponderancy of genetics (Iron Age Period) which belong to R1b haplogroup family along with Brythonic, Alpine and Goidelic genetical markers. Also expectable but not so common are South European (Sardinian, Italian and Balkans), Broadly Northwestern (West Germanic) and to a lesser extent British/Irish (Brythonic/Gaelic) and French (Alpine). With a low confidence range there are Scandinavian and East European genetical markers. Other sources would point out a small presence of Berber and Jewish that would be also part of a low confidence region.

Question: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
Answer: 45,000 years ago
Anti-aircraft warfare
The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for "Vergeltungswaffe", "retaliation weapon"). The 419th and 601st Anti-aircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then moved to Belgium to become part of the "Antwerp X" project coordinated from the in Keerbergen. With the liberation of Antwerp, the port city immediately became the highest priority target, and received the largest number of V-1 and V-2 missiles of any city. The smallest tactical unit of the operation was a gun battery consisting of four 90 mm guns firing shells equipped with a radio proximity fuse. Incoming targets were acquired and automatically tracked by SCR-584 radar, developed at the MIT Rad Lab. Output from the gun-laying radar was fed to the M-9 director, an electronic analogue computer developed at Bell Laboratories to calculate the lead and elevation corrections for the guns. With the help of these three technologies, close to 90% of the V-1 missiles, on track to the defence zone around the port, were destroyed.

Question: What did advanced ally technology showcase it could defend against?
Answer: German V-1 cruise missiles
PlayStation 3
PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including "The Times" and "The Wall Street Journal" reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement.

Question: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?
Answer: $306
Yanzhou District
Yanzhou (postal: Yenchow; ) is a district and former county-level city under the prefecture-level city of Jining, in the southwest of Shandong province, People's Republic of China.It was also one of the Nine Provinces in ancient China, where Yu combated floods by water control.
Yizheng
Yizheng () is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China, with a population of about 600,000 (2007). It borders the prefecture-level divisions of Chuzhou (Anhui) to the north, Nanjing to the west, and Zhenjiang to the south.

Question: Yanzhou District and Yizheng, are in which country?
Answer: People's Republic of China
Hard rock
While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's "Nevermind" (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In the UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound.

Question: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s?
Answer: grunge
Hellgate High School
Hellgate High School is a located in Missoula, Montana, United States. It is the largest high school in the Missoula County Public Schools District. Hellgate has approximately 1200 students, and a faculty of approximately 100. It is an AA high school, the classification given to Montana's largest high schools. It was ranked Montana's ninth-best high school by US News in 2014.
Hellgate High School
First established in 1908 as Missoula County High School, the school was later renamed Hellgate High, shortly after the foundation of Sentinel High School. Hellgate is one of the oldest high school buildings in the State of Montana. It is a three-story building blending several different forms of architecture, with a network of tunnels.
Sentinel High School
Sentinel High School is located in Missoula, Montana, United States. It is in the Missoula County Public Schools District No. 1. Sentinel has approximately 1,300 students, and a faculty of approximately 100. Sentinel was ranked sixth-best high school in the state of Montana, two spots behind the district's Hellgate. Big Sky and Seeley-Swan were unranked.

Question: Sentinel High school and Hellgate High school are both located where?
Answer: Missoula, Montana
FC Barcelona
The club's original crest was a quartered diamond-shaped crest topped by the Crown of Aragon and the bat of King James, and surrounded by two branches, one of a laurel tree and the other a palm. The club shared Barcelona's coat of arms, as a demonstration of its identification with the city and a desire to be recognised as one. In 1910, the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest. The winner was Carles Comamala, who at the time played for the club. Comamala's suggestion became the crest that the club wears today, with some minor variations. The crest consists of the St George Cross in the upper-left corner with the Catalan flag beside it, and the team colours at the bottom.

Question: What royal symbol appears on the club's crest?
Answer: Crown of Aragon
Police
Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London. The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe, which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War. There are also many interesting examples of cross-border policing under private auspices and by municipal police forces that date back to the 19th century (Nadelmann, 1993). It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception. It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000).

Question: In what era did cross-border policing increase?
Answer: post–Cold War
Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf (Filipino: "Labanan sa Look ng Leyte") is considered to have been the largest naval battle of World War II and, by some criteria, possibly the largest naval battle in history, with over 200,000 naval personnel involved. It was fought in waters near the Philippine islands of Leyte, Samar, and Luzon, from 23–26 October 1944, between combined American and Australian forces and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), as part of the invasion of Leyte, which aimed to isolate Japan from the countries it had occupied in Southeast Asia which were a vital source of industrial and oil supplies.
Gothic Line
The Gothic Line ( ; ) was a German defensive line of the Italian Campaign of World War II. It formed Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's last major line of defence along the summits of the northern part of the Apennine Mountains during the fighting retreat of the German forces in Italy against the Allied Armies in Italy, commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander.

Question: Was the Battle of Leyte Gulf or the Gothic Line considered a naval battle?
Answer: Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Last Shadow Puppets
The Last Shadow Puppets are an English supergroup consisting of Alex Turner (Arctic Monkeys), Miles Kane (The Rascals, solo artist), James Ford (Simian, Simian Mobile Disco, music producer), and Zach Dawes (Mini Mansions). They are joined live by Loren Humphrey (Guards, music producer, session musician) and Tyler Parkford (Mini Mansions). The band released their debut album "The Age of the Understatement" in 2008. Following a lengthy hiatus, they returned, releasing second album "Everything You've Come to Expect" in 2016.
Hard-Fi
Hard-Fi are an English rock band from Staines-upon-Thames, England, formed in 2003. The band's most recent lineup before going on hiatus consisted of Richard Archer (lead vocals and guitar), Kai Stephens (bass guitar and backing vocals) and Steve Kemp (drums and backing vocals). Founding member Ross Phillips (guitar and backing vocals) left the band on 6 May 2013 but returned in 2014 to promote the release of their greatest hits album, "", and the one-off gig on 13 February 2014.

Question: Which band was joined live by Loren Humphrey, The Last Shadow Puppets or Hard-Fi? 
Answer: The Last Shadow Puppets
Stephen Williams (footballer)
Stephen Williams (born 5 June 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer in the South Australian National Football League, playing for the Port Adelaide Magpies and is currently an assistant development coach at Port Adelaide Power and head coach of the Immanuel College first XVIII. 
Immanuel College (Australia)
Immanuel College, is a Lutheran school in Adelaide, South Australia – a co-educational day and boarding school from Year 7 to 12, offering the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme. Located in Novar Gardens, South Australia. Established in 1895, the College is a school of the Lutheran Church of Australia. It is the only Lutheran college in Adelaide that has boarders. Its sister schools include Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Gymnasium in Windsbach, Germany and Kyushu Lutheran College in Kumamoto, Japan.

Question: Where is the college that Stephen Williams is currently coach of located?
Answer: Adelaide, South Australia
History of science
Further studies, e.g. Jerome Ravetz 1971 "Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems" referred to the role of the scientific community, as a social construct, in accepting or rejecting (objective) scientific knowledge. The Science wars of the 1990 were about the influence of especially French philosophers, which denied the objectivity of science in general or seemed to do so. They described as well differences between the idealized model of a pure science and the actual scientific practice; while scientism, a revival of the positivism approach, saw in precise measurement and rigorous calculation the basis for finally settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies. However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their postmodern deconstructions have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Bruno Latour noted that "dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we meant?"

Question: What did scientism aim to do?
Answer: settling enduring metaphysical and moral controversies
One Exciting Night (1944 film)
One Exciting Night is a 1944 British musical comedy film directed by Walter Forde and starring Vera Lynn, Donald Stewart and Mary Clare. The film was also known as You Can't Do Without Love. The screenplay concerns a female singer who becomes involved with a man who is the victim of a kidnap plot.
Vera Lynn
Dame Vera Margaret Lynn {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (née Welch ; 20 March 191718 June 2020) was an English singer, songwriter and entertainer whose musical recordings and performances were very popular during the Second World War. She was widely referred to as the "Forces' Sweetheart" and gave outdoor concerts for the troops in Egypt, India and Burma during the war as part of Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). The songs most associated with her are "We'll Meet Again", "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover", "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square" and "There'll Always Be an England".

Question: Who was the director of the 1944 British musical comedy film starring "the Forces' Sweetheart"?
Answer: Walter Forde
To Kill a Mockingbird
Charles J. Shields, who wrote the first book-length biography of Harper Lee, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact is that "its lessons of human dignity and respect for others remain fundamental and universal". Atticus' lesson to Scout that "you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view—until you climb around in his skin and walk around in it" exemplifies his compassion. She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell's testimony. When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley. Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives, Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo's perspective. One writer remarks, "... [w]hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice, heartache and loss, it also carries with it a strong sense [of] courage, compassion, and an awareness of history to be better human beings."

Question: Who does Scout think could be lonelier than Boo Radley?
Answer: Mayella Ewell
Only God Forgives
Only God Forgives is a 2013 crime film written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn and starring Ryan Gosling, Kristin Scott Thomas, and Vithaya Pansringarm. The film was shot on location in Bangkok, Thailand, and, as with "Drive", is dedicated to Chilean director Alejandro Jodorowsky. It competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Rhatha Phongam
Rhatha Phongam ( ; ; born 19 May 1983), nickname Ying ( ), is an actress and singer and voice actress from Thailand. She is best known internationally for her supporting role in Only God Forgives in 2013.

Question: Which country is the actress from who starred in a 2013 psychological thriller starring Ryan Gosling?
Answer: Thailand
Jared Harris
Jared Francis Harris (born 24 August 1961) is an English actor. His roles include Lane Pryce in the television drama series "Mad Men" for which he received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, David Robert Jones in the science fiction series "Fringe", King George VI in the historical series "The Crown", Anderson Dawes on the science fiction series "The Expanse", Captain Francis Crozier in the AMC series "The Terror", and Valery Legasov in the HBO miniseries "Chernobyl" for which he was nominated for the 2019 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie"." He has also had significant supporting roles in films such as "Mr. Deeds" (2002), "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (2008), "" (2011), "Lincoln" (2012), and "Allied" (2016).
Shadow Magic
Shadow Magic () is a 2000 historical fiction film about the introduction of motion pictures to China during the early 20th century. The film was directed and co-written by Ann Hu. It was a US-China co-production starring Xia Yu, Jared Harris and Xing Yufei. The film was Ann Hu's directorial debut.

Question: The film directed by Ann Hu and starring an English actor who plays Lane Pryce in "Mad Men" was made in what year?
Answer: 2000
Baylor University
Baylor University, or simply Baylor, is a private Baptist research university in Waco, Texas. Chartered in 1845 by the last Congress of the Republic of Texas, it is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas and one of the first educational institutions west of the Mississippi River in the United States. Located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin, the university's 1000 acre campus is the largest Baptist university campus in the world. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
University of Miami
The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, UMiami, U of M or The U) is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. s of 2019 , the university enrolls 17,811 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami's Health District, a law school on the main campus, and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key, with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County.

Question: Are the University of Miami and Baylor University both private institutions?
Answer: yes
Vilnius Old Town
The Old Town of Vilnius ( , , , ), one of the largest surviving medieval old towns in Northern Europe, has an area of 3.59 square kilometres (887 acres). It encompasses 74 quarters, with 70 streets and lanes numbering 1487 buildings with a total floor area of 1,497,000 square meters. The oldest part of the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius, it has developed over the course of many centuries, and has been shaped by the city's history and a constantly changing cultural influence. It is a place where some of Europe's greatest architectural stylesgothic, renaissance, baroque and neoclassicalstand side by side and complement each other.
Šuazeliai Palace
The de Choiseul (de Reuss) Palace (Lithuanian: Šuazelių (de Reusų) rūmai; Polish: pałac de Choiseulów (de Reussów)) is a building in Simonas Daukantas square, Vilnius Old Town, Lithuania. Currently it is used as dwellings and "Copy1" company subsidiary.

Question: The city that Šuazeliai Palace is in is composed of how many quarters?
Answer: 74 quarters
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
The series received critical and popular acclaim and usually reached between four and six million viewers on original airings. Although such ratings are lower than successful shows on the "big four" networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox), they were a success for the relatively new and smaller WB Television Network.
Ashley Gable
Ashley Gable is an American screenwriter and producer who has worked on a variety of well-known television series including "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Person of Interest". She was an executive producer on the CBS crime drama "The Mentalist" for its first four seasons.

Question: Which television network aired this TV series, that received critical and popular acclaim, frequently being listed as one of the greatest TV shows of all time, in which Ashley Gable starred?
Answer: WB Television Network
Atlantic City, New Jersey
By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from high vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gambling, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, The Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building. Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived.

Question: By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?
Answer: the late 1960s
MG EX-E
The MG EX-E is a concept car that was produced by MG and presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1985. The EX-E was a mid-engined sports car inspired by the Ferrari 308 and designed by Roy Axe and Gerry McGovern. The car's drivetrain and chassis were derived from the mid-engined MG Metro 6R4 rally car. The EX-E concept car did not lead to a production version, although Gerry McGovern did go on to style the later, smaller MG F sports car.
Ferrari 308 GTB/GTS
The Ferrari 308 GTB berlinetta and targa topped 308 GTS are V8 mid-engined, two-seater sports cars manufactured by the Italian company Ferrari from 1975 to 1985. The 308 replaced the Dino 246 GT and GTS in 1975 and was updated as the 328 GTB/GTS in 1985. The similar 208 GTB and GTS were equipped with a smaller initially naturally aspirated, later turbocharged two-litre engine, and sold mostly in Italy.

Question: The MG EX-E was inspired by a car sold mostly in what country?
Answer: Italy
Arena Football League
All assets of the Arena Football League were put up for auction. On November 11, 2009, the new league announced its intention to purchase the entire assets of the former AFL; the assets included the team names and logos of all but one of the former AFL and af2 teams. The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados; Desperados owner Jerry Jones had purposely designed the Desperados' properties around those of the Dallas Cowboys, making the two inseparable. The auction occurred on November 25, 2009. The assets were awarded to Arena Football 1 on December 7, 2009, with a winning bid of $6.1 million.

Question: When was an auction announced for the Arena Football League's assets?
Answer: November 11, 2009
Virgin Cola
Virgin Cola was a carbonated cola soft drink and was launched in 1994. The beverage became popular in the United Kingdom in the late 1990s, and caught the attention of Coca-Cola, who subsequently began to create lucrative deals with stockists to sway them from carrying Virgin; this meant that whilst the Virgin Cola brand had become popular, it began to decline and fade into obscurity, and by the late 2000s was only available in limited locations. After being discontinued in the UK, it still existed overseas for a short time before ceasing existence.
Monster Energy
Monster Energy is an energy drink that was introduced by Hansen Natural Company (now Monster Beverage Corporation) in April of 2002. There are 49 different drinks under the Monster brand in North America, including its core Monster Energy line, Java Monster, Extra Strength, Import, Rehab, Dragon Tea, Monster Hydro and Muscle Monster. 
Monster Energy
The company is also known for supporting many extreme sports events such as Bellator MMA, Ultimate Fighting Championship, Moto GP, Nascar, BMX, motocross, speedway, skateboarding and snowboarding, as well as electronic sports. In collaboration with Outbreak Presents, Monster Energy promotes a number of music bands around the world, like Fetty Wap, Iggy Azalea, 21 Savage, Asking Alexandria, Anthrax, The Word Alive, Machine Gun Kelly, Suicidal Tendencies, Maximum the Hormone, Korn, and Five Finger Death Punch. Monster currently sponsors the FIA World Rallycross Championship, and the PBR: Unleash the Beast Professional Bull Riders tour, in addition to sponsoring the bag of professional golfer Tiger Woods.

Question: Which drink was launched first, Monster Energy or Virgin Cola?
Answer: Virgin Cola
Capriccio (opera)
Capriccio, Op. 85, is the final opera by German composer Richard Strauss, subtitled "A Conversation Piece for Music". The opera received its premiere performance at the Nationaltheater München on 28 October 1942. Clemens Krauss and Strauss wrote the German libretto. However, the genesis of the libretto came from Stefan Zweig in the 1930s, and Joseph Gregor further developed the idea several years later. Strauss then took on the libretto, but finally recruited Krauss as his collaborator on the opera. Most of the final libretto is by Krauss.
Dafne (Opitz-Schütz)
Die Dafne (1627) to a libretto by Martin Opitz (which survives), and music by Heinrich Schütz (which is lost), has traditionally been regarded as the first German opera, though it has also been proposed more recently that it was in fact a spoken drama with inserted song and ballet numbers.

Question: Capriccio and Dafne, are which type of musical play?
Answer: opera
Child labour
In 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as child trafficking, debt bondage, and forced labour, including forced recruitment of children into armed conflict. The law also prohibits the use of a child for prostitution or the production of pornography, child labour in illicit activities such as drug production and trafficking; and in hazardous work. Both the Worst Forms Convention (C182) and the Minimum Age Convention (C138) are examples of international labour standards implemented through the ILO that deal with child labour.

Question: What other international laws deal with child labour?
Answer: Minimum Age Convention (C138)