qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Idealism
Idealist notions took a strong hold among physicists of the early 20th century confronted with the paradoxes of quantum physics and the theory of relativity. In "The Grammar of Science", Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, "There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists." This book influenced Einstein's regard for the importance of the observer in scientific measurements. In § 5 of that book, Pearson asserted that "...science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind..." Also, "...the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world."

Question: Among what twentieth century scientists was idealism popular?
Answer: physicists
Sin Bandera
Sin Bandera (] ; which can be interpreted as "Flagless" or "Without A Flag") is an R&B, Latin pop duo based in Mexico, which consists of Leonel García, and Noel Schajris. They became one of the most popular artists after their debut album "Sin Bandera" was released on March 26, 2002.
Premio Lo Nuestro 2004
Premio Lo Nuestro 2004 was the 16th anniversary of a popular Latin Music Award show in U.S. The award show took place In Miami, Florida,which airs LIVE on the Univision Network on Thursday, February 26, from 8-11 pm ET / PT (7-10 pm Central and Mountain). The show was hosted by Adal Ramones. The artists who performed in the show were:Ricky Martin, Thalía, Ricardo Arjona, Marco Antonio Solís, Sin Bandera, La Oreja de Van Gogh, Montez de Durango, El General and many more. There was total of 180 nominations in 32 categories. The nominees list includes Ricky Martin and Ricardo Arjona, with four nominations each; La India, Marc Anthony, Marco Antonio Solís, Conjunto Primavera, Olga Tañón and Joan Sebastian with three nominations each; Shakira and Thalía with two nominations; and Juanes, Alexandre Pires, Maná, Pepe Aguilar, Vicente Fernández, and many more.

Question: Who are the Latin pop duo based in Mexico who became popular after the release of their 2002 debut album and performed at Premio Lo Nuestro 2004?
Answer: Sin Bandera
Louis MacNeice
Frederick Louis MacNeice {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (12 September 1907 – 3 September 1963) was an Irish poet and playwright from Northern Ireland, and a member of the Auden Group, which also included W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender and Cecil Day-Lewis. MacNeice's body of work was widely appreciated by the public during his lifetime, due in part to his relaxed but socially and emotionally aware style. Never as overtly or simplistically political as some of his contemporaries, he expressed a humane opposition to totalitarianism as well as an acute awareness of his roots.
The Earth Compels
The Earth Compels was the second poetry collection by Louis MacNeice. It was published by Faber and Faber on 28 April 1938, and was one of four books by Louis MacNeice to appear in 1938, along with "I Crossed the Minch", "Modern Poetry: A Personal Essay" and "Zoo".

Question: The Earth Compels was the second poetry collection by which Irish poet and playwright, and  was part of the generation of the Auden Group?
Answer: Louis MacNeice
Jung Joon-young
Jung Joon-young (born February 21, 1989) is a former South Korean singer-songwriter, radio DJ, host, actor and television personality. He first gained recognition in Mnet's reality television talent show, "Superstar K4" (2012), where he finished third place. In 2013, he became the youngest member of KBS's variety show "2 Days & 1 Night" Season 3. He hosted his own radio program titled MBC FM's "Jung Joon-young's Simsimtapa" (2014) and made his big screen debut in "Love Forecast" (2015). From 2015 to March 2019, Jung was the lead vocalist of rock band Drug Restaurant, previously known as JJY Band, releasing their first album "Escape to Hangover" in May 2015.
The Lover (TV series)
The Lover () is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Oh Jung-se, Ryu Hyun-kyung, Jung Joon-young, Choi Yeo-jin, Park Jong-hwan, Ha Eun-seol, Takuya Terada and Lee Jae-joon. It aired on Mnet from April 2 to June 25, 2015 on Thursdays at 23:00 for 12 episodes.

Question: The Lover, is a 2015 South Korean television series which stars include Jung Joon-young, a South Korean singer-songwriter, radio DJ, host, actor, and television personality, he first gained recognition in Mnet's reality television talent show, called what in 2012?
Answer: Superstar K4
Middle Ages
The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally.

Question: What event led to African goods no longer being traded in Western Europe by the end of the 7th century?
Answer: Muslim conquests
Jerry Reed
Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 – September 1, 2008) was an American country music singer, guitarist, composer, and songwriter, as well as an actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included "Guitar Man", "U.S. Male", "A Thing Called Love", "Alabama Wild Man", "Amos Moses", "When You're Hot, You're Hot" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male), "Ko-Ko Joe", "Lord, Mr. Ford", "East Bound and Down" (the theme song for the 1977 blockbuster "Smokey and the Bandit", in which Reed co-starred), "The Bird", and "She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)".
W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings
W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings is a 1975 American comedy film directed by John G. Avildsen, starring Burt Reynolds, and written by Thomas Rickman. The 20th Century Fox film features the acting debut of Jerry Reed.

Question: Jerry Reed had his acting debut in the movie W.W and the Dixie Dancekings, what else was he famous for?
Answer: country music singer
The Boondocks (2005 TV series)
The Boondocks is an American adult animated sitcom created by Aaron McGruder for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. It is based upon his comic strip of the same name. The series premiered on November 6, 2005. The show begins with a black family, the Freemans, settling into the fictional, friendly and overall white suburb of Woodcrest. The perspective offered by this mixture of cultures, lifestyles, social classes, stereotypes, viewpoints and racialized identities provides for much of the series' satire, comedy, and conflict.
Uncle Ruckus
Uncle Ruckus (born July 4, 1939) (also known as Reverend Father Uncle Ruckus, No Relation) is a fictional character and occasional antagonist of the American animated sitcom "The Boondocks". Voiced by Gary Anthony Williams, he first appeared on television in the show's pilot. "The Garden Party", on November 6, 2005. Created and designed by cartoonist Aaron McGruder, Ruckus enjoyed great success after appearing in the comic strip of the same name.
Uncle Ruckus
Ruckus had a turbulent childhood as he was raised by the abusive Mister Ruckus. His mother had a self identity crisis, often praising white people. After being kicked out of his home as a teenager, he traveled to Woodcrest, where he works odd jobs. Ruckus embodies many old American working-class stereotypes: he is crude, short-tempered, obese, rule-neglecting, clumsy, and largely ignorant. He is also internally racist, repeatedly proclaiming his love for the white race, and he even identifies as Caucasian, saying he suffers from "reverse vitiligo".

Question: What is the name of the uncle in an animated sitcome on Adult Swim?
Answer: Uncle Ruckus
Switzerland
In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and the Valtellina valley became part of the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation.

Question: What was the name of the new regime created when the Cisalpine Republic separated from Switzerland?
Answer: Helvetic Republic
Bill Parcells
Duane Charles "Bill" Parcells (born August 22, 1941), also known as "The Big Tuna", is a former American football coach who was a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) for 19 seasons. He rose to prominence as the head coach of the New York Giants, which he led to two Super Bowl titles. Parcells later served as the head coach of the New England Patriots, New York Jets, and Dallas Cowboys. Throughout his career, he coached teams that were in a period of decline and turned them into postseason contenders. He is the only coach in NFL history to lead four teams to the playoffs and three teams to a conference championship game.
1985 New York Giants season
The New York Giants season was the franchise’s 61st season in the National Football League. The Giants entered the season looking to improve on their 9–7 record in 1984, which was enough to qualify the team for the playoffs as the second wild-card team, and to return to the playoffs for the second consecutive year under third-year head coach Bill Parcells. The Giants managed to do both, finishing with ten victories for the first time since 1963 when the team won eleven games and finishing as the first wild-card team which earned the Giants a home playoff game at Giants Stadium. They defeated the San Francisco 49ers 17–3 in that game, avenging their loss to the 49ers in the previous year's divisional playoffs. However, it was as far as the Giants could get as they were defeated by eventual Super Bowl champion Chicago Bears in the divisional round at Soldier Field 21–0. Bill Parcells stated in "America's Game: 1986 Giants" that the game the Giants played against the Bears in the playoffs that "an honest evaluation of it, we could have probably beat that team one out of ten times. But that day was one of the days that that could have happened", the Giants were ultimately undone by a whiffed punt from legend Sean Landeta, the ball flew out of the air when he went to punt it from a burst of wind coming of Lake Michigan, the Bears recovered the ball for a touchdown from less than 5 yards from the end zone, and ended up winning 21–0. At the time, the team set a record for most rushing yards in one season by a Giants team.

Question: When was the coach of the 1986 Super Bowl champions born?
Answer: 1941
Lucy (2014 film)
Lucy is a 2014 French science fiction action film written and directed by Luc Besson and produced by his wife Virginie Besson-Silla for his company EuropaCorp. It is an English-language film shot in Taipei, Paris, and New York City. It stars Scarlett Johansson, Morgan Freeman, Choi Min-sik, and Amr Waked. Johansson portrays the titular character, a woman who gains psychokinetic abilities when a nootropic drug is absorbed into her bloodstream.
Choi Min-sik
Choi Min-sik (born May 30, 1962) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his critically acclaimed roles in "Oldboy" (2003), "I Saw the Devil" (2010), and "" (2014). He also starred alongside Scarlett Johansson in the 2014 film "Lucy".

Question: Choi Min-sik starred alongside Scarlett Johansson in the 2014 film written and directed by whom?
Answer: Luc Besson
Frédéric Chopin
Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts. The group travelled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. While in Marseilles Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ during a requiem mass for the tenor Adolphe Nourrit on 24 April 1839, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's "lied" "Die Gestirne" (D. 444). In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings.

Question: Where did they spend most summers until 1846?
Answer: Nohant
Richmond, Virginia
Among Richmond's most interesting architectural features is its Cast-iron architecture. Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials. Richmond's position as a center of iron production helped to fuel its popularity within the city. At the height of production in the 1890, 25 foundries operated in the city employing nearly 3,500 metal workers. This number is seven times the number of general construction workers being employed in Richmond at the time which illustrates the importance of its iron exports. Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond. In some cases cast were made for a single residential or commercial application.

Question: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?
Answer: New Orleans
Beyoncé
When Beyoncé was eight, she and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while at an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group called Girl's Tyme with three other girls, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in "Star Search", the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records.

Question: Who signed the girl group on October 5, 1995?
Answer: Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment
Cyprus
On 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others. The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, while government posts and public offices were allocated by ethnic quotas, giving the minority Turkish Cypriots a permanent veto, 30% in parliament and administration, and granting the three mother-states guarantor rights.

Question: What is the date that Cyrpus attained independence?
Answer: 16 August 1960
60 Wall Street
60 Wall Street is a 47-story skyscraper ( ) on Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower was designed by Kevin Roche, John Dinkeloo & Associates to fit its surroundings with a postmodern, Greek revival, and neoclassical look to emphasize both height and size.
60 Wall Street
The site that is now 60 Wall Street was assembled from sites containing several buildings. After purchasing the site, the Bank of New York planned a $450 million, 1.6 e6ft2 office tower on the site, which was canceled. In September 1983, the bank sold the site to developer Park Tower Realty Company with plans for a 1.7 e6ft2 , 60-story office tower. In September 1985, J.P. Morgan & Co. announced that they would purchase and fully occupy the proposed tower, and the project was finished in 1989. Since 2001, the building has served as the American headquarters of Deutsche Bank, which plans to leave the building for the Time Warner Center in 2021.
345 Park Avenue
345 Park Avenue is a 634 ft skyscraper in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City that occupies a full city block with the front on Park Avenue, the back on Lexington Avenue, between 51st and 52nd Streets.

Question: Which skyscraper is taller, 60 Wall Street or 345 Park Avenue?
Answer: 60 Wall Street
Unicode
In UTF-32 and UCS-4, one 32-bit code unit serves as a fairly direct representation of any character's code point (although the endianness, which varies across different platforms, affects how the code unit manifests as a byte sequence). In the other encodings, each code point may be represented by a variable number of code units. UTF-32 is widely used as an internal representation of text in programs (as opposed to stored or transmitted text), since every Unix operating system that uses the gcc compilers to generate software uses it as the standard "wide character" encoding. Some programming languages, such as Seed7, use UTF-32 as internal representation for strings and characters. Recent versions of the Python programming language (beginning with 2.2) may also be configured to use UTF-32 as the representation for Unicode strings, effectively disseminating such encoding in high-level coded software.

Question: What programming language uses UTF-32 as internal representation of characters? 
Answer: Seed7
Communication
The first major model for communication was introduced by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories in 1949 The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise.

Question: What was the receiver in the initial model?
Answer: the part of the phone where one could hear the other person
Mike Webster
Michael Lewis Webster (March 18, 1952September 24, 2002) was an American football player who played as a center in the National Football League (NFL) from 1974 to 1990 with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Kansas City Chiefs. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, class of 1997. Nicknamed "Iron Mike", Webster anchored the Steelers' offensive line during much of their run of four Super Bowl victories from 1974 to 1979 and is considered by most as the greatest center in NFL history.
League of Denial
League of Denial is a 2013 book, initially broadcast as a documentary film, about traumatic brain injury in the National Football League (NFL), particularly concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The documentary, entitled "League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis", was produced by "Frontline" and broadcast on PBS. The book was written by ESPN reporters Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru. The book and film devote significant attention to the story of Mike Webster and his football-related brain injuries, and the pathologist who examined Webster's brain, Bennet Omalu. The film also looks closely at the efforts of researchers led by Ann McKee at Boston University's Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, where the brains of a number of former NFL athletes have been examined.

Question: League of Denial devotes attention to the story of the football player who spent 16 years between which two teams?
Answer: Pittsburgh Steelers and Kansas City Chiefs
Humanism
Renaissance scholars associated with humanism were religious, but inveighed against the abuses of the Church, if not against the Church itself. For them, the word "secular" carried no connotations of disbeliefthat would come later, in the nineteenth century. In the Renaissance to be secular meant simply to be in the world rather than in a monastery. Petrarch frequently admitted that his brother Gherardo's life as a Carthusian monk was superior to his own (although Petrarch himself was in Minor Orders and was employed by the Church all his life). He hoped that he could do some good by winning earthly glory and praising virtue, inferior though that might be to a life devoted solely to prayer. By embracing a non-theistic philosophic base, however, the methods of the humanists, combined with their eloquence, would ultimately have a corrosive effect on established authority.

Question: During what time period did secular have a more neutral connotation?
Answer: Renaissance
Faxe Brewery
Faxe Brewery is a Danish brewery located in the town of Faxe. The brewery was founded in 1901 by Nikoline and Conrad Nielsen and it is best known for its strong export beers. In 1989 Faxe Bryggeri merged with Bryggerigruppen which later developed into Royal Unibrew. It is known around Germany for its 5% 1 litre cans, North America for its 8% and 10% 500mL cans, and Denmark where it is produced, and especially in Norway.
Royal Unibrew
Royal Unibrew is a brewing and beverage company headquartered in Faxe, Denmark. Its brands include Ceres, Faxe, Albani and Royal. Royal Unibrew also has a strong presence in the Baltic region, where it owns Vilniaus Tauras, Kalnapilis (both in Lithuania), and Lāčplēša Alus (in Latvia). As of 2018 it owns the brewery in France that produces the Lorina soft drink brand. It also brews and markets Heineken in Denmark.

Question: Which company merged with Faxe Brewery to become Royal Unibrew?
Answer: Bryggerigruppen
Charleston, South Carolina
The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction. The bridge links downtown Charleston with Mount Pleasant, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. The height of the bridge varies, but it is estimated that it has a height of 573 feet. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

Question: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?
Answer: Mount Pleasant
Matt Barkley
Matthew Montgomery Barkley (born September 8, 1990) is an American football quarterback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Southern California, and was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Chicago Bears, Arizona Cardinals, San Francisco 49ers and Cincinnati Bengals.
Steve Clarkson
Steven Levert "Steve" Clarkson (born October 31, 1961) is an American football coach. Based in Pasadena, California, he is considered a top quarterback coach. Clarkson has tutored Ben Roethlisberger, Brett Hundley, Matt Leinart, J. P. Losman, Gino Torretta, Matt Barkley, Tim Tebow, Josh Freeman, and Jimmy Clausen, among others. Clarkson is also known for helping to get offers for David Sills from University of Southern California and Tate Martell from the University of Washington at ages of 13. David Sills currently plays for the Buffalo Bills after signing as a UDFA.
Steve Clarkson
Clarkson is a 1979 graduate of Woodrow Wilson High School in Los Angeles, where he led its team to three Los Angeles City Championships with a 39-1 record during three seasons. Clarkson was named to the All-City teams during his junior and senior seasons, and was the All-City Player of the Year in 1978 after leading the state in passing yards and total offense.

Question: Steven Levert "Steve" Clarkson (born October 31, 1961) is an American football coach, Clarkson has tutored Matthew Montgomery Barkley, an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent, born on which date?
Answer: September 8, 1990
Peter Berg
Peter Berg (born March 11, 1964) is an American director, producer, writer, and actor. His directorial film works include the black comedy "Very Bad Things" (1998), the action comedy "The Rundown" (2003), the sports drama "Friday Night Lights" (2004), the action thriller "The Kingdom" (2007), the superhero comedy-drama "Hancock" (2008), the military science fiction war film "Battleship" (2012), the war film "Lone Survivor" (2013), the disaster drama "Deepwater Horizon" (2016), the Boston Marathon bombing drama "Patriots Day" (2016) and the action thriller "Mile 22" (2018), the latter four all starring Mark Wahlberg. In addition to cameo appearances in the last six of these titles, he has had prominent acting roles in films including "The Great White Hype" (1996), "Cop Land" (1997), "Corky Romano" (2001), "Collateral" (2004), "Smokin' Aces" (2006), and "Lions for Lambs" (2007).
Shocker (film)
Shocker (also known as Wes Craven's Shocker) is a 1989 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven, and starring Michael Murphy, Peter Berg, Cami Cooper, and Mitch Pileggi. The film was released by Universal Pictures on October 27, 1989, and grossed $16.6 million.
Shocker (film)
A news report shows a victim being pulled away on a stretcher. It is revealed that a serial killer, having murdered over thirty people, is on the loose in a Los Angeles suburb. A television repairman with a pronounced limp, named Horace Pinker, becomes the prime suspect. When the investigating detective, Lt. Don Parker, gets too close, Pinker murders Parker's wife, foster daughter, and foster son.

Question: Which film was released later, Shocker or Very Bad Things?
Answer: Very Bad Things
Yale University
Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees and administrative staff, are [[Trade union|unionized]]. [[Clerk|Clerical]] and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of [[UNITE HERE]] and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same [[Trade union|international]]. Locals 34 and 35 make up the [[Federation of Hospital and University Employees]] along with the dietary workers at [[Yale–New Haven Hospital]], who are members of [[1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East|1199 SEIU]]. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the [[Security Guard#Security, Police, and Fire Professionals of America|International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America]] in fall 2010 after the [[National Labor Relations Board]] ruled they could not join [[AFSCME]]; the Yale administration contested the election.

Question: What union do Yale security guards belong to?
Answer: International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America
Muslim world
A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, "Philosophus Autodidactus", first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write "Robinson Crusoe", regarded as the first novel in English. "Philosophus Autodidactus", continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, "The Aspiring Naturalist".

Question: Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?
Answer: Daniel Defoe
Eugeniusz Bodo
Eugeniusz Bodo (born Bohdan Eugène Junod; 18991943) was a film director, producer and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the inter-war period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including "His Excellency, The Shop Assistant" (Polish: "Jego ekscelencja subiekt"), "Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?" and "Pieśniarz Warszawy". A skilled singer, he became one of the icons of Polish musical comedies of the time and a "symbol of Polish commercial cinema". Towards the end of that decade he also became a successful entrepreneur, a co-owner of a successful film studio, a café and a producers company. Arrested by the Soviets in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he perished in the Gulag.
Scott Pembroke
Scott Pembroke (September 13, 1889 – February 21, 1951) was an American director, actor and screenwriter. He directed 73 films between 1920 and 1937. He was born in San Francisco, California and died in Pasadena, California.

Question: Did Scott Pembroke and Eugeniusz Bodo die in the same city?
Answer: no
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
Henry VIII's wine cellar at the Palace of Whitehall, built in 1514–1516 for Cardinal Wolsey, is in the basement of Main Building, and is used for entertainment. The entire vaulted brick structure of the cellar was encased in steel and concrete and relocated nine feet to the west and nearly 19 ft deeper in 1949, when construction was resumed at the site after the Second World War. This was carried out without any significant damage to the structure.

Question: What is the main material used to build the cellar in the basement of Main Building?
Answer: brick
Mosaic
The indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tesserae are applied face-down to a backing paper using a water soluble adhesive. Once the mosaic is completed in the studio it is transferred in sections to the site and cemented, paper facing outwards. Once fixed the paper is dampened and removed. This method is most useful for extremely large projects as it gives the maker time to rework areas, allows the cementing of the tesserae to the backing panel to be carried out quickly in one operation and helps ensure that the front surfaces of the mosaic tiles and mosaic pieces are flat and in the same plane on the front, even when using tiles and pieces of differing thicknesses. Mosaic murals, benches and tabletops are some of the items usually made using the indirect method, as it results in a smoother and more even surface.

Question: What is the style called of putting tessere on a backing paper?
Answer: the indirect method
Classical music
Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins.

Question: What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition?
Answer: folk music
Clinch River
The Clinch River rises near Tazewell, Virginia, and flows southwest for more than 300 mi through the Great Appalachian Valley, gathering various tributaries, including the Powell River, before joining the Tennessee River in Kingston, Tennessee.
Emory River
The Emory River is a river draining a portion of Tennessee's Cumberland Plateau. It flows for just over 46 mi from its source near Frozen Head State Park to its mouth along the Clinch River at Kingston, Tennessee.

Question: Both the Emory River and Clinch River flow to what city?
Answer: Kingston, Tennessee
Mariaan de Swardt
Mariaan de Swardt (born 18 March 1971) is a former tennis player from South Africa, who played as a professional from 1988 to 2001. She twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics, in 1992 and 1996, and was a member of the South Africa Fed Cup team in 1992 and 1994–1997. In 2006, De Swardt became a U.S. citizen. 
Ken Rosewall
Kenneth Robert Rosewall {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'AM, MBE', '4': "} (born 2 November 1934) is a former world top-ranking amateur and professional tennis player from Australia. He won a record 23 tennis Majors, including 8 Grand Slam singles titles and, before the Open Era, a record 15 Pro Slam titles; overall, he reached a record 35 Major finals. He won the Pro Grand Slam in 1963. Rosewall won 9 slams in doubles with a career doubles grand slam. He had a renowned backhand and enjoyed a long career at the highest levels from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. Rosewall was world No. 1 player for a number of years in the early 1960s in some rankings. Rosewall was first ranked in the top 20 in 1952 and last ranked in the top 20 in 1977. Rosewall is the only player to have simultaneously held Pro Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces (1962–1963). At the 1971 Australian Open he became the first male player during the open era to win a Grand Slam tournament without dropping a set. Rosewall won world professional championship tours in 1963, 1964, and the WCT titles in 1971 and 1972.

Question: Were Mariaan de Swardt and Ken Rosewall both professional tennis players?
Answer: yes
Law of the United States
Generally, American civil procedure has several notable features, including extensive pretrial discovery, heavy reliance on live testimony obtained at deposition or elicited in front of a jury, and aggressive pretrial "law and motion" practice designed to result in a pretrial disposition (that is, summary judgment) or a settlement. U.S. courts pioneered the concept of the opt-out class action, by which the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment, as opposed to opt-in class actions, where class members must join into the class. Another unique feature is the so-called American Rule under which parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees (as opposed to the English Rule of "loser pays"), though American legislators and courts have carved out numerous exceptions.

Question: What is an opt-in class action?
Answer: class members must join into the class
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time.
Palomar 4
Palomar 4 is a globular cluster of the Milky Way galaxy. It was discovered in 1949 by Edwin Hubble and again in 1955 by A. G. Wilson. Based on measurements of the stars from the Gaia spacecraft, it is at least 65000 ly from the Sun.
Palomar 4
This star cluster is further away than the SagDEG satellite galaxy.

Question: When was the person who discovered Palomar 4 in 1949 born?
Answer: November 20, 1889
Ashkenazi Jews
In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years. He notes that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; in the mid-17th century, "Sephardim still outnumbered Ashkenazim three to two"; by the end of the 18th century, "Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim three to two, the result of improved living conditions in Christian Europe versus the Ottoman Muslim world." By 1930, Arthur Ruppin estimated that Ashkenazi Jews accounted for nearly 92% of world Jewry. These factors are sheer demography showing the migration patterns of Jews from Southern and Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe.

Question: According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Ashkenazi?
Answer: 3%
Stargate SG-1 (season 9)
The ninth season of "Stargate SG-1", an American-Canadian television series, began airing on July 15, 2005 on SCI FI. The ninth season concluded on March 10, 2006, after 20 episodes on the same channel. The series was originally developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, and Brad Wright, Robert C. Cooper, Joseph Mallozzi and Paul Mullie served as executive producers. The season arc centers on the new threat of the Ori, a race who Daniel Jackson (Michael Shanks) and Vala Mal Doran (Claudia Black) unleash in an unknown galaxy, and who are threatening to prepare for a crusade into the Milky Way galaxy to convert the beings to their religion called Origin.
Claudia Black
Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, best known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in "Farscape", Vala Mal Doran in "Stargate SG-1" and Sharon "Shazza" Montgomery in the film "Pitch Black". She has had prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in "Uncharted", Morrigan in "Dragon Age", Admiral Daro'Xen and Matriarch Aethyta in "Mass Effect" and Samantha Byrne in "Gears of War 3", "Gears of War 4", and "Gears of War 5". She also had a recurring role as Dahlia in "The Originals" and starred as Dr. Sabine Lommers in The CW's "Containment".

Question: Stargate SG-1 includes a character played by which Australian actress and voice actress?
Answer: Claudia Lee Black
Boston
Between 1999 and 2006, "Bicycling" magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program Bluebikes, originally called Hubway, launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in the summer of 2012. In 2016, there are 1,461 bikes and 158 docking stations across the city. PBSC Urban Solutions provides bicycles and technology for this bike-sharing system.

Question: How many rides did Hubway log in its first year?
Answer: more than 140,000
Estonian language
The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S.Wanradt and J.Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.

Question: What type of book was it?
Answer: bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism
Sophie Marceau
Sophie Marceau (] ; born Sophie Danièle Sylvie Maupu, 17 November 1966) is a French actress, director, screenwriter, and author. As a teenager, Marceau achieved popularity with her debut films "La Boum" (1980) and "La Boum 2" (1982), receiving a César Award for Most Promising Actress. She became a film star in Europe with a string of successful films, including "L'Étudiante" (1988), "Pacific Palisades" (1990), "Fanfan" (1993), and "Revenge of the Musketeers" (1994). Marceau became an international film star with her performances in "Braveheart" (1995), "Firelight" (1997), and the 19th James Bond film "The World Is Not Enough" (1999).
La Boum
La Boum (English title: "The Party" or "Ready for Love") is a 1980 French comedy film directed by Claude Pinoteau and starring Sophie Marceau, appearing in her film début. Written by Danièle Thompson and Claude Pinoteau, the film is about a thirteen-year-old French girl finding her way at a new high school and coping with domestic problems. The film was an international box-office hit, earning 4,378,500 admissions in France. The music was written by Vladimir Cosma, with Richard Sanderson singing the song "Reality". A sequel movie, "La Boum 2", was released in 1982.

Question: Sophie Marceau achieved popularity with which debut film in 1980 directed by Claude Pinoteau?
Answer: La Boum
Uncle's Dream
Uncle's Dream ( , "Dyadyushkin son") is an 1859 novella by Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky ( ; Russian: , , ] ( ) ; 11 November 18219 February 1881 ), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, philosopher, short story writer, essayist and journalist. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include "Crime and Punishment" (1866), "The Idiot" (1869), "Demons" (1872), and "The Brothers Karamazov" (1880). Dostoevsky's body of works consists of 12 novels, four novellas, 16 short stories, and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychological novelists in world literature. His 1864 novel "Notes from Underground" is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature.

Question: When did the author of Uncle's Dream die?
Answer: 9 February 1881
The customer is always right
"The customer is always right" is a motto or slogan which exhorts service staff to give a high priority to customer satisfaction. It was popularised by pioneering and successful retailers such as Harry Gordon Selfridge, John Wanamaker and Marshall Field. They advocated that customer complaints should be treated seriously so that customers do not feel cheated or deceived. This attitude was novel and influential when misrepresentation was rife and "caveat emptor" (let the buyer beware) was a common legal maxim. Variations include ""le client n'a jamais tort"" (the customer is never wrong) which was the slogan of hotelier César Ritz who said, "If a diner complains about a dish or the wine, immediately remove it and replace it, no questions asked". A variation frequently used in Germany is ""der Kunde ist König"" (the customer is king), while in Japan the motto ""okyakusama wa kamisama desu"" ( ) meaning "the customer is a god", is common.
Harry Gordon Selfridge
Harry Gordon Selfridge, Sr. (11 January 1858 – 8 May 1947) was an American-British retail magnate who founded the London-based department store Selfridges. His 20-year leadership of Selfridges led to his becoming one of the most respected and wealthy retail magnates in the United Kingdom. He was known as the 'Earl of Oxford Street'.

Question: What was one of the popularizers of the slogan "the customer is always right" also known as?
Answer: the 'Earl of Oxford Street'
Machine Gun Kelly (musician)
Colson Baker (born Richard Colson Baker; April 22, 1990), known professionally as Machine Gun Kelly (abbreviated as MGK), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and actor from Cleveland, Ohio. He has released five studio albums throughout his career. As an actor, Baker made his film debut in the 2014 romantic drama "Beyond the Lights". He has also appeared in several other films and had a recurring role on the Showtime series "Roadies" in 2016.
Machine Gun Kelly (musician)
He embarked on a musical career as a teenager, releasing a mixtape in 2006. He went on to release four more mixtapes. Baker then secured a recording contract with Bad Boy and Interscope Records in 2011. His major label debut album, "Lace Up", was released in October 2012 to positive response from critics. The record contained the singles "Wild Boy", "Invincible", "Stereo", and "Hold On (Shut Up)", and debuted at number four on the US "Billboard 200" chart; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies. 
Bloom (Machine Gun Kelly album)
Bloom (stylized as bloom) is the third studio album by American musician Machine Gun Kelly. It was released on May 12, 2017, by Bad Boy, Interscope Records and EST 19XX. The album was preceded by the hit single, "Bad Things", a collaboration with Camila Cabello, which reached number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100, The album features guest appearances by rapper Quavo and singers Hailee Steinfeld, Ty Dolla $ign, and James Arthur.
Bloom (Machine Gun Kelly album)
On October 14, 2016, "Bad Things", featuring a duet with Cuban-American singer Camila Cabello, was released as the lead single from "Bloom". The song peaked at number 4 in the United States and number 16 in the United Kingdom.

Question: Bloom is the third studio album by a rapper born in this year?
Answer: 1990
Neptune
Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt, shaping its structure, so Neptune's gravity dominates the Kuiper belt. Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example.

Question: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?
Answer: small icy worlds
Germans
The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?
Answer: aftermath of the French Revolution