qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Pain
Sugar (sucrose) when taken by mouth reduces pain in newborn babies undergoing some medical procedures (a lancing of the heel, venipuncture, and intramuscular injections). Sugar does not remove pain from circumcision, and it is unknown if sugar reduces pain for other procedures.
Pain
Sugar did not affect pain-related electrical activity in the brains of newborns one second after the heel lance procedure. Sweet liquid by mouth moderately reduces the rate and duration of crying caused by immunization injection in children between one and twelve months of age.

Question: What, when taken orally, can reduce total crying time of newsborns undergoing a painful procedure?
Answer: Sugar
Sichuan
From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces, as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project.

Question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1997?
Answer: Sichuan
University of Mumbai
The University of Mumbai is one of the largest universities in the world. The university in 2013 had 711 affiliated colleges. Ratan Tata is the appointed head of Mumbai University's advisory council.
University of Mumbai
In accordance with "Wood's despatch", drafted by Sir Charles Wood in 1854, The University of Bombay was established in 1857 after presentation of a petition from the Bombay Association to the British colonial government in India. The University of Mumbai was modeled on similar universities in the United Kingdom, specifically the University of London. 
University of Illinois at Chicago
The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is a public research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its campus is in the Near West Side community area, adjacent to the Chicago Loop. The second campus established under the University of Illinois system, UIC is also the largest university in the Chicago area, having more than 33,000 students enrolled in 16 colleges.

Question: Are both the University of Illinois at Chicago or the University of Mumbai private institutions of learning?
Answer: no
High-definition television
In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting of analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel.

Question: Which country had successful public analog HDTV broadcasting?
Answer: Japan
Ladislaus the Posthumous
Ladislaus the Posthumous, known also as Ladislas ( ; ; , 22 February 144023 November 1457), was Duke of Austria, and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. He was the posthumous son of Albert of Habsburg with Elizabeth of Luxembourg. Albert had bequeathed all his realms to his future son on his deathbed, but only the Estates of Austria accepted his last will. Fearing an Ottoman invasion, the majority of the Hungarian lords and prelates offered the crown to Vladislaus III of Poland. The Hussite noblemen and towns of Bohemia did not acknowledge the hereditary right of Albert's descendants to the throne, but also did not elect a new king.
Helene Kottanner
Helene Kottanner (née Wolfram; or "Kottanner Jánosné"; c. 1400 – after 1470) was a Hungarian courtier and writer. Her last name is spelled variously as Kottanner, Kottanerin, or Kottannerin. She is primarily known to history as the author of memoirs about the years 1439 and 1440, when king Albert II of Germany died and his son Ladislaus the Posthumous was born. Kottanner, who dictated her life story in German, was a kammerfrau to Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg (1409–1442). She also assisted Queen Elisabeth in a royal succession plot.

Question: Which realm was passed onto this duke whose father passed away before his birth and whose history was documented in the memoirs of Helene Kottanner?
Answer: Estates of Austria
Leonor Fini
Leonor Fini (30 August 1907 – 18 January 1996) was an Argentinian surrealist painter, designer, illustrator, and author, known for her depictions of powerful and erotic women.
André Pieyre de Mandiargues
André Pieyre de Mandiargues (14 March 1909 – 13 December 1991) was a French writer born in Paris. He became an associate of the Surrealists and married the Italian painter Bona Tibertelli de Pisis (a niece of the Italian metaphysical painter Count Filippo Tibertelli de Pisis). He was a particularly close friend of the painter Leonor Fini.

Question: What Italian surrealist painter was André Pieyre de Mandiargues  a close friend of?
Answer: Leonor Fini
Eswatini
Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point, Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for almost 83 years, making him the longest-reigning monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by the Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and "Ingwenyama" of Swaziland.

Question: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II
Answer: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe
Arsenal F.C.
Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The most successful London club, they have won 13 League titles (including one unbeaten league title), a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, 15 FA Community Shields, the League Centenary Trophy, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.
Arsenal F.C.
Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League, in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.
Fred Davis (footballer, born 1871)
Frederick William Davis (1871 – after 1900) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Woolwich Arsenal. A wing half, he also played for Soho Villa, Birmingham St George's and Nottingham Forest.

Question: For what team did Fred Davis play that went 38-match league season unbeaten?
Answer: Arsenal Football Club
University at Albany, SUNY
The State University of New York at Albany, commonly referred to as University at Albany, SUNY Albany or UAlbany, is a public research university with campuses in the New York cities of Albany and Rensselaer and the Town of Guilderland, United States. Founded in 1844, it is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Karen R. Hitchcock
Karen R. Hitchcock (February 10, 1943 – July 10, 2019) was an American biologist and university administrator who had leadership positions at an American and a Canadian university. She served as the President of SUNY's University at Albany in Albany, New York, from 1996 until her resignation in 2003. She was Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario from 2004 until an abrupt resignation in 2008, when she announced her departure in a sudden email to students. After her sudden departure from Queen's University, she returned, with husband Murray Blair, to the Albany, New York, area to live in Vischer Ferry.
Karen R. Hitchcock
Hitchcock was born in 1943 in Williston Park, New York, a suburb of New York City on Long Island, the daughter of Roy Clinton Hitchcock and Ruth Wardell Hitchcock. She attended Mineola High School and went to prom with Robert A. Bauman, Ed.D.

Question: Karen R. Hitchcock worked at SUNY or The State University of New York, when was the university established?
Answer: 1844
Battle of Dunkirk
The Battle of Dunkirk ( ) was fought in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War, between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As the Allies were losing the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940.
Reel of the 51st Highlanders
One of the most popular Scottish country dances of all time, the Reel of the 51st Highland Division is a modern Scottish country dance written by Lieutenant J.E.M. ‘Jimmy’ Atkinson of the 7th Battalion The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders while in a POW camp during the Second World War. Captured together with the vast majority of the British 51st (Highland) Division during the Battle of Dunkirk in 1940, Atkinson spent the rest of the war as a POW in Germany. His idea of a reel with a Saint Andrew′s Cross in its key formation was intended to symbolise Scotland and the Highland Division, in adversity.

Question: Between whom was the battle fought in which Lieutenant J.E.M. ‘Jimmy’ Atkinson was captured?
Answer: the Allies and Nazi Germany
Jesse Michaels
Jesse Michaels is a songwriter, vocalist, guitarist, artist, and author from Berkeley, California. He is the son of the author Leonard Michaels and was married to producer Audrey Marrs. His lyrics deal with politics, racism, and general social issues. He is most well known as the vocalist for the ska punk band Operation Ivy.
Jaren Johnston
Jaren Ray Johnston (born October 4, 1980) is an American country music and rock singer and songwriter. He is a member of the group The Cadillac Three.

Question: Which artist, Jaren Johnston or Jesse Michaels is part of the group Operation Ivy?
Answer: Jesse Michaels
Haim (band)
Haim ( , stylized in all caps as HAIM) is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles. The band consists of three sisters: Este Haim (bass guitar and vocals), Danielle Haim (vocals and guitar), and Alana Haim (guitars, keyboards, and vocals). In addition to their primary instruments, each member is also proficient in several others. The group's pop sound on their studio work stands in contrast to the more rock-based music of their live shows.
Hundred Reasons
Hundred Reasons are an English alternative rock band from Aldershot, Hampshire, formed in 1999. The band consists of Colin Doran (vocals), Larry Hibbitt (guitar, vocals), Andy Gilmour (bass) and Andy Bews (drums).

Question: Which band has more members, Haim or Hundred Reasons?
Answer: Hundred Reasons
Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ( ), is an island country and a United States associated state near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 58,413 people (at the 2018 World Bank Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The capital and largest city is Majuro. It has the largest portion of its territory made of water of any sovereign state, at 97.87%. 
Marshall Islands
The islands share maritime boundaries with the Wake Island to the north, Kiribati to the southeast, Nauru to the south, and Federated States of Micronesia to the west. About 52.3% of Marshall Islanders (27,797 at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro. Data from the United Nations indicates an estimated population in of . In 2016, 73.3% of the population were defined as being "urban". The UN also indicates a population density of 295 per km² (765 people per mi²) and its projected 2020 population is 59,190.

Question: How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands?
Answer: 29
Alanis Morissette
Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Known for her emotive mezzo-soprano voice, Morissette began her career in Canada in the early 1990s with two mildly successful dance-pop albums. Afterward, as part of a recording deal, she moved to Holmby Hills, Los Angeles. In 1995 she released "Jagged Little Pill", a more rock-oriented album which sold more than 33 million copies globally and is her most critically acclaimed work to date. Her follow-up album, "Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie", was released in 1998.
41st Annual Grammy Awards
The 41st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 24, 1999, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1998. Lauryn Hill was the main recipient, winning a total of 5 awards including Album of the Year and Best New Artist. Her album was the first hip hop act ever to win the coveted award. The ceremony was known as the "Grammy Year of Women", because every artist nominated for Album of the Year was female (including Garbage, with Shirley Manson as the lead singer). Madonna won four awards and opened the show with her performance of "Nothing Really Matters" while musicians the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, Alanis Morissette and Shania Twain won two apiece. Celine Dion also received two awards both for "My Heart Will Go On", which received a total of four awards.

Question: The 41st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 24, 1999, at Shrine Auditorium, which Canadian American alternative rock singer-songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actress, won two awards?
Answer: Alanis Morissette
UK Championship
The UK Championship is a professional ranking snooker tournament. It is one of snooker's prestigious Triple Crown events, along with the World Championship and the Masters. It is the second-biggest ranking tournament, after the World Championship. Ronnie O'Sullivan has won the tournament a record seven times, followed by Steve Davis with six titles and Stephen Hendry with five. Ding Junhui is the reigning champion.
Peter Ebdon
Peter David Ebdon (born 27 August 1970) is an English former professional snooker player. He was World Champion in 2002, beating Stephen Hendry 18–17 in the final, and won the UK Championship in 2006 and seven other ranking events between 1993 and 2012. He was also a losing finalist in the World Championship in 1996 and 2006. Ebdon turned professional in 1991 and beat six-time world champion Steve Davis 10–4 in the first round of the 1992 World Championship.

Question: Peter David Ebdon, is an English professional snooker player, he won in 2006, which professional men's ranking snooker tournament, known as the Betway UK Championship for sponsorship reasons?
Answer: UK Championship
Hunter-gatherer
Anthropologists maintain that hunter-gatherers do not have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers are often grouped together based on kinship and band (or tribe) membership. Postmarital residence among hunter-gatherers tends to be matrilocal, at least initially. Young mothers can enjoy childcare support from their own mothers, who continue living nearby in the same camp. The systems of kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers were relatively flexible, although there is evidence that early human kinship in general tended to be matrilineal.

Question: What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?
Answer: permanent leaders
Zinc
Roughly one quarter of all zinc output in the United States in 2009 was consumed in zinc compounds; a variety of which are used industrially. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber to disperse heat. Zinc oxide is used to protect rubber polymers and plastics from ultraviolet radiation (UV). The semiconductor properties of zinc oxide make it useful in varistors and photocopying products. The zinc zinc-oxide cycle is a two step thermochemical process based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production.

Question: What kind of process is the zinc zinc-oxide cycle?
Answer: thermochemical
Temple & Webster
Temple & Webster (ASX: TPW) is an Australian homewares and furniture retailer. The brand was founded in 2011, and listed on the ASX as Temple & Webster Group (TPW) in December 2015. The float followed the acquisition of two other businesses, the Australian operation of Wayfair and Milan Direct.
Wayfair
Wayfair Inc. is an American e-commerce company that sells furniture and home-goods. Formerly known as CSN Stores, the company was founded in 2002. Their digital platform offers 14 million items from more than 11,000 global suppliers. The online company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, Wayfair has offices and warehouses throughout the United States as well as in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

Question: What common commodity do both Wayfair and Temple & Webster sell?
Answer: homewares
Elevator
Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes—in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

Question: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by?
Answer: steam power
List of numbered streets in Manhattan
8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.

Question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?
Answer: Avenue D
Exorcism in the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church authorizes the use of exorcism for those who are believed to be the victims of demonic possession. In Roman Catholicism, exorcism is a sacramental but not a sacrament, unlike baptism or confession. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend ... on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist." The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "When the Church asks publicly and authoritatively in the name of Jesus Christ that a person or object be protected against the power of the Evil One and withdrawn from his dominion, it is called exorcism."
A Head Full of Ghosts
A Head Full of Ghosts is a horror novel by American writer Paul G. Tremblay. The plot involves an American family from Massachusetts who is under strain when their fourteen-year-old daughter, Marjorie Barrett, exhibits signs of mental illness. The story is told from the point of view of Marjorie's eight-year-old sister, Meredith "Merry" Barrett. However, the point of view also has another layer as Merry's story is flashbacks. She is a 23-year-old now and is telling her story to a writer named Rachel Neville. Themes include elements of Catholic exorcism and reality television exploitation.

Question: A Head Full of Ghosts is a horror novel by Paul Tremblay, themes include elements of which term used for the use of exorcism in the Roman Catholic faith for those who are believed to be the victims of demonic possession?
Answer: Exorcism in the Catholic Church
Mindaugas
Mindaugas ( , , , , , c. 1203–1263) was the first known Grand Duke of Lithuania and the only Christian King of Lithuania. Little is known of his origins, early life, or rise to power; he is mentioned in a 1219 treaty as an elder duke, and in 1236 as the leader of all the Lithuanians. The contemporary and modern sources discussing his ascent mention strategic marriages along with banishment or murder of his rivals. He extended his domain into regions southeast of Lithuania proper during the 1230s and 1240s. In 1250 or 1251, during the course of internal power struggles, he was baptised as a Roman Catholic; this action enabled him to establish an alliance with the Livonian Order, a long-standing antagonist of the Lithuanians. During the summer of 1253 he was crowned King of Lithuania, ruling between 300,000 and 400,000 subjects.
Vykintas
Vykintas (died ca. 1253) was Duke of Samogitia and a rival to the future King of Lithuania, Mindaugas. In 1236 he probably led the Samogitian forces in the Battle of Saule against the Livonian Order. The Order suffered a great defeat and was near the brink of collapse, forcing it to become a branch of the Teutonic Knights.

Question: Vykintas was a rival to which first Grand Duke of Lithuania?
Answer: Mindaugas
Smart (marque)
Smart (stylized as smart) is a German automotive brand and division of Daimler AG. The company is based in Böblingen, Germany. It produces microcars and subcompacts, primarily the Fortwo and Forfour. The primary assembly plant is the Smartville in Hambach, France. A second plant exists in Novo Mesto, Slovenia. Marketed in 46 countries around the world, production of the Fortwo had surpassed 1.7 million units by early 2015.
Brabus
BRABUS GmbH, founded 1977 in Bottrop (Ruhr Area), Germany, is a high-performance aftermarket tuning company which specializes in Mercedes-Benz, Smart and Maybach vehicles. Brabus became the largest Mercedes tuner, other than Mercedes-AMG which became a Daimler AG affiliate in the 1990s.

Question: What German automotive marque does the high-performance aftermarket tuning company Brabus specialize in?
Answer: Smart
Incandescent light bulb
The Ribbon Machine works by passing a continuous ribbon of glass along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs or envelopes are created. A typical machine of this sort can produce anywhere from 50,000 to 120,000 bulbs per hour, depending on the size of the bulb. By the 1970s, 15 ribbon machines installed in factories around the world produced the entire supply of incandescent bulbs. The filament and its supports are assembled on a glass stem, which is then fused to the bulb. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is then inserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested. The 2016 closing of Osram-Sylvania's Wellsboro, Pennsylvania plant meant that one of the last remaining ribbon machines in the United States was shut down.

Question: How is the evacuation tube sealed?
Answer: by a flame
Minnesota's 4th congressional district
Minnesota's 4th congressional district covers nearly all of Ramsey County, and part of Washington County. It includes all of St. Paul and most of its suburbs. The district is solidly Democratic with a CPVI of D + 14. It is currently represented by Betty McCollum, of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). The DFL has held the seat without interruption since 1949, and all but one term (1947-9) since the merger of the Democratic and Farmer-Labor Parties.
Betty McCollum
Betty Louise McCollum (born July 12, 1954) is the U.S. Representative for Minnesota 's congressional district , serving since 2001. She is a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). McCollum's district centers on St. Paul, Minnesota's capital city. She is the second woman elected to Congress from Minnesota.

Question: Minnesota's 4th congressional district covers nearly all of Ramsey County, including all of St. Paul and most of its suburbs, and is currently represented by which U.S. Representative for Minnesota 's 4 congressional district , serving since 2001?
Answer: Betty McCollum
Israel
Israel maintains diplomatic relations with 158 countries and has 107 diplomatic missions around the world; countries with whom they have no diplomatic relations include most Muslim countries. Only three members of the Arab League have normalized relations with Israel: Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties in 1979 and 1994, respectively, and Mauritania opted for full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999. Despite the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, Israel is still widely considered an enemy country among Egyptians. Under Israeli law, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, and Yemen are enemy countries, and Israeli citizens may not visit them without permission from the Ministry of the Interior. Iran had diplomatic relations with Israel under the Pahlavi dynasty but withdrew its recognition of Israel during the Islamic Revolution. As a result of the 2008–09 Gaza War, Mauritania, Qatar, Bolivia, and Venezuela suspended political and economic ties with Israel. China maintains good ties with both Israel and the Arab world.

Question: How many diplomatic missions do they have?
Answer: 107
Rufus Wainwright (album)
Rufus Wainwright is the eponymous debut studio album by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released in the United States on May 19, 1998 through DreamWorks Records. The album was Record producer by Jon Brion, with the exception of "In My Arms", which was produced and mixed by Pierre Marchand, and "Millbrook" and "Baby", which were produced by Brion and Van Dyke Parks. Lenny Waronker was the album's executive producer.
Rufus Wainwright discography
The discography of Rufus Wainwright, a Canadian-American singer-songwriter, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, three compilations, three extended plays (EPs), three video albums, nine singles, and nine music videos. Wainwright's self-titled debut album was released through DreamWorks Records in May 1998. Although his success was limited, Wainwright reached number 24 on "Billboard"'s Top Heatseekers chart, and "Rolling Stone" named him 1998's Best New Artist. Wainwright's second album, "Poses", was released through the same label in June 2001, resulting in a number one on the Heatseekers Chart and number 117 on the "Billboard" 200. With material recorded from the same session, "Want One" was released through DreamWorks in September 2003, and "Want Two" was released through Geffen Records in November 2004.

Question: Which Canadian singer began his recording career with a self-titled debut album released on May 19 1998, and won Rolling Stone's Best New Artist award that year?
Answer: Rufus Wainwright
United States Air Force
The USAF's KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling aircraft are based on civilian jets. The USAF aircraft are equipped primarily for providing the fuel via a tail-mounted refueling boom, and can be equipped with "probe and drogue" refueling systems. Air-to-air refueling is extensively used in large-scale operations and also used in normal operations; fighters, bombers, and cargo aircraft rely heavily on the lesser-known "tanker" aircraft. This makes these aircraft an essential part of the Air Force's global mobility and the U.S. force projection. The KC-46A Pegasus began to be delivered to USAF units starting in 2019.

Question: What kind of aircraft is the USAF's KC-135?
Answer: aerial refueling aircraft
Miracle on 34th Street
Miracle on 34th Street (initially released as The Big Heart in the United Kingdom) is a 1947 American Christmas comedy-drama film released by 20th Century Fox, written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story by Valentine Davies. It stars Maureen O'Hara, John Payne, Natalie Wood, and Edmund Gwenn. The story takes place between Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day in New York City, and focuses on the effect of a department store Santa Claus who claims to be the real Santa. The film has become a perennial Christmas favorite.
John Payne (actor)
John Howard Payne (May 23, 1912 – December 6, 1989) was an American film actor who is mainly remembered from film noir crime stories and 20th Century Fox musical films, and for his leading roles in "Miracle on 34th Street" and the NBC Western television series "The Restless Gun".

Question: In what year was the film released in which a star of “The Restless Gun” also appeared alongside Maureen O'Hara and Edmund Gwenn?
Answer: 1947
S-brane
In string theory, an S-brane is a hypothetical and controversial counterpart of a D-brane, which, unlike a D-brane, is localized in time. Depending on the context the "S" stands for "Strominger", "Sen", or "Space-like". The S-brane was originally proposed by Andrew Strominger in his speculative paper with Michael Gutperle, and another version of S-branes was studied by Ashoke Sen. They are thought to be extended in the space-like/temporal directions only, so that they exist at only one point in time, but are otherwise analogous to p-branes.
Ashoke Sen
Ashoke Sen, FRS ( ; born 1956) is an Indian theoretical physicist and distinguished professor at the Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad. He is also an honorary fellow in National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India and also a Morningstar Visiting professor at MIT and a distinguished professor at the Korea Institute for Advanced Study. His main area of work is string theory. He was among the first recipients of the Fundamental Physics Prize "for opening the path to the realisation that all string theories are different limits of the same underlying theory".
Ashoke Sen
He was born on 15 July 1956 in Kolkata, and is the elder son of Anil Kumar Sen, a former professor of physics at the Scottish Church College, and Gouri Sen, a homemaker.

Question: Which institute is this Indian theoretical physicist who contributed to studies of S-branes a visiting professor at?
Answer: MIT
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( , ] ; ) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus to the military anarchy of the third century, it was a principate with Italy as metropole of the provinces and the city of Rome as sole capital (27 BC – 286 AD). Although fragmented briefly during the military crisis, the empire was forcibly reassembled, then ruled by multiple emperors who shared rule over the Western Roman Empire (based in Milan and later in Ravenna) and over the Eastern Roman Empire (based in Nicomedia and later in Constantinople). Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until 476 AD, when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople, following the capture of Ravenna by the barbarians of Odoacer and the subsequent deposition of Romulus Augustus. The fall of the Western Roman Empire to Germanic kings, along with the hellenization of the Eastern Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire, conventionally marks the end of Ancient Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages.
Roman Empire
The predecessor state of the Roman Empire, the Roman Republic (which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC) became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflicts. In the mid-1st century BC Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and proscriptions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The following year Octavian conquered Ptolemaic Egypt, ending the Hellenistic period that had begun with the conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedon in the 4th century BC. Octavian's power then became unassailable, and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively making him the first Roman emperor.
526 BC
The year 526 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 244 "Ab urbe condita". The denomination 526 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Question: What became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years in 526 BC by the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization ?
Answer: Anno Domini calendar era
Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful work.
Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout
In automotive design, an FR, or front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear. This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century. Modern designs commonly use the front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (FF). It is also used in high-floor buses and school buses

Question: In a Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout what type of engine is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit?
Answer: An internal combustion engine
Philosophy of space and time
Coordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), or the wavelength of cadmium to stand in as our unit of length. The second feature deals with separated objects. Although we can, presumably, directly test the equality of length of two measuring rods when they are next to one another, we can not find out as much for two rods distant from one another. Even supposing that two rods, whenever brought near to one another are seen to be equal in length, we are not justified in stating that they are always equal in length. This impossibility undermines our ability to decide the equality of length of two distant objects. Sameness of length, to the contrary, must be set by definition.

Question: Coordinative definition has how many major features?
Answer: two
Maine Green Independent Party
The Maine Green Independent Party is a state-level political party affiliated with the Green Party of the United States. It is the oldest state green party in the United States. It was founded following an informal meeting of 18 environmental advocates, including Bowdoin College professor John Rensenbrink and others in Augusta, Maine in January 1984. From 1994 to 2006, the party's gubernatorial nominees received between 6% and 10% of the vote.
Brian Langley
Brian Langley is an American politician, restaurant owner and schoolteacher from Maine. Langley was a Republican State Senator from Maine's 28th District, representing much of Hancock County, including the population centers of Bar Harbor and Ellsworth. He was first elected to the Maine State Senate in 2010 after defeating Democrat James Schatz and Green Independent Lynne Williams. He previously served one term from 2008-2010 representing Ellsworth, Otis and Trenton in the Maine House of Representatives. He studied at the University of Southern Maine and Syracuse University and taught culinary arts at the Hancock County Technical Center. Langley could not run for reelection in 2018 due to term limits, but he is running in the 28th district again in 2020 against his successor, Democrat Louis Luchini.

Question: What party was defeated under Lynne Williams in the state of Maine elections in 2010, and is one the oldest state green party in the United states?
Answer: Maine Green Independent Party
Hundred Reasons
Hundred Reasons are an English alternative rock band from Aldershot, Hampshire, formed in 1999. The band consists of Colin Doran (vocals), Larry Hibbitt (guitar, vocals), Andy Gilmour (bass) and Andy Bews (drums).
The Fiery Furnaces
The Fiery Furnaces are an American indie rock band, formed in 2000 in Brooklyn, New York. The band's primary members are Matthew and Eleanor Friedberger. The siblings are originally from Oak Park, Illinois, a near-western suburb of Chicago. They are known for their ambitious, highly conceptual releases, which have frequently divided critical opinion.

Question: Hundred Reasons and The Fiery Furnaces, have which mutual genre?
Answer: rock
Knowing (film)
Knowing is a 2009 science fiction thriller film directed by Alex Proyas and starring Nicolas Cage. The project was originally attached to a number of directors under Columbia Pictures, but it was placed in turnaround and eventually picked up by Escape Artists. Production was financially backed by Summit Entertainment. "Knowing" was filmed in Docklands Studios Melbourne, Australia, using various locations to represent the film's Boston-area setting.
Andrew Jackson (visual effects)
Andrew Jackson is an English visual effects supervisor. He has worked on various feature films, including "300" (2006), "Knowing" (2009), and "" (2015).

Question: Who was the star of the movie filmed in Docklands Studios Melbourne, Australia for which Andrew Jackson was the visual effects supervisor in 2009?
Answer: Nicolas Cage
Sharda (singer)
Sharda Rajan Iyengar, or Sharda, is an Indian playback singer in the 1960s and 1970s. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the cabaret "Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki" in "Jahan Pyar Miley" (1970), though she is most remembered for her song "Titli Udi" in "Suraj" (1966). In 2007, she released the album "Andaaz-e-Bayan Aur", featuring her own compositions based on Mirza Ghalib's ghazals.
Jahan Pyar Miley
Jahan Pyar Mile is a 1969 Hindi film directed by Lekh Tandon. The film stars Shashi Kapoor and Hema Malini. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan. Sharda won the 1970 Filmfare Best Female Playback Award for the song "Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki". The reviewer for the Indian Express noted: "The highlights of the film are Shashi Kapoor poking fun at love-making in Hindi films and the film trying to justify the situations for the songs."

Question: Who directed a 1970 Hindi film that stars an actress who won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the cabaret "Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki"?
Answer: Lekh Tandon
We Found Love
"We Found Love" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album, "Talk That Talk" (2011). It was written and produced by, and performed by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris; the song was also featured on his third album "18 Months" (2012). "We Found Love" premiered on September 22, 2011, on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom, and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from "Talk That Talk". "We Found Love" is an uptempo electro house song, with elements of dance-pop, techno and Europop. The song's lyrics speak of a couple who "found love in a hopeless place".
This Is What You Came For
"This Is What You Came For" is a song by Calvin Harris featuring guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on 29 April 2016, through Columbia Records and Westbury Road. The song was written by Harris and American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, who was initially credited with the pseudonym Nils Sjöberg. Rihanna and Harris had previously collaborated on her sixth studio album, "Talk That Talk", which included the international chart-topper "We Found Love" and US top five single "Where Have You Been", the former of which was written and produced by Harris. He played the final version for Rihanna at the 2016 Coachella Music Festival. It was also played at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final after the conclusion of the match.
This Is What You Came For
The single debuted at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It peaked at number three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming Rihanna's 21st top-five song and Harris's second; the song is currently Harris's highest peaking single as a lead artist. It became Rihanna's 25th and Harris's fourth chart-topper on the Dance Club Songs and also reached number one on the US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs; the single became the 12th number one for Rihanna and Harris's tenth on the sister chart Dance/Mix Show Airplay. It topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and the Republic of Ireland and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland.

Question: "This Is What You Came For" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris, Rihanna and Harris had previously collaborated on her sixth studio album, called what, which included the international chart-topper "We Found Love"?
Answer: Talk That Talk
Speedy Gonzales
Speedy Gonzales is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of cartoons. He is portrayed as "The Fastest Mouse in all Mexico" with his major traits being the ability to run extremely fast, speaking with an exaggerated Mexican accent and also speaking Spanish. He usually wears a yellow "sombrero", white shirt and trousers (which was a common traditional outfit worn by men and boys of rural Mexican villages), and a red kerchief, similar to that of some traditional Mexican attires. To date, there have been 46 cartoons made either starring or featuring this character.
Frito Bandito
The Frito Bandito was the cartoon mascot for Fritos corn chips from 1967 to 1971. The Bandito was created by the Foote, Cone & Belding Agency, and animated by Tex Avery. The character was voiced by Mel Blanc, who used an exaggerated Mexican accent not unlike another character of his, Speedy Gonzales. The Frito Bandito spoke broken English and robbed people of their Fritos corn chips, a reference to the "Mexican bandit" stereotype in Western movies.
Frito Bandito
Pressure from the National Mexican-American Anti-Defamation Committee and others prompted an update to the character; his gold tooth and stubble were eliminated and his hair combed. The character was retired in 1971. He was replaced by the Muncha Bunch, a group of cowboys, and W.C. Fritos, a character modeled after comedian W.C. Fields.

Question: What stereotypes provide the personas for Frito Bandito and Speedy Gonzales?
Answer: Mexican
Marie-Françoise Mégie
Marie-Francoise Megie (born September 21, 1950) is a Canadian physician, university professor, and an independent member of the Senate of Canada. Born in Haiti, she was appointed on November 2, 2016 by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. At the time of her appointment, she was a family physician and a professor at the Université de Montréal.
Université de Montréal
The Université de Montréal (UdeM; ] ; translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located on the northern slope of Mount Royal in the neighbourhoods of Outremont and Côte-des-Neiges. The institution comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the Polytechnique Montréal (School of Engineering; formerly the École Polytechnique de Montréal) and HEC Montréal (School of Business). It offers more than 650 undergraduate programmes and graduate programmes, including 71 doctoral programmes.
Université de Montréal
The university was founded as a satellite campus of the Université Laval in 1878. It became an independent institution after it was issued a papal charter in 1919 and a provincial charter in 1920. Université de Montréal moved from Montreal's Quartier Latin to its present location at Mount Royal in 1942. It was made a secular institution with the passing of another provincial charter in 1967.

Question: At the time of her appointment to the Senate of Canada, Marie-Françoise Mégie was a professor at a university that offers how many doctoral programs?
Answer: 71
George Washington Bridge
The George Washington Bridge is a double-decked suspension bridge spanning the Hudson River, connecting the New York City borough of Manhattan with the New Jersey borough of Fort Lee. The bridge is named after George Washington, the first president of the United States. The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, carrying over 103million vehicles per year in 2016 . It is owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a bi-state government agency that operates infrastructure in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The George Washington Bridge is also informally known as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George, and was known as the Fort Lee Bridge or Hudson River Bridge during construction.
George Washington Bridge
The idea of a bridge across the Hudson River was first proposed in 1906, but it was not until 1925 that the state legislatures of New York and New Jersey voted to allow for the planning and construction of such a bridge. Construction on the George Washington Bridge started in October 1927; the bridge was ceremonially dedicated on October 24, 1931, and opened to traffic the next day. The opening of the George Washington Bridge contributed to the development of Bergen County, New Jersey, in which Fort Lee is located. The upper deck was widened from six to eight lanes in 1946. The six-lane lower deck was constructed beneath the existing span from 1958 to 1962 because of increasing traffic flow.
US Airways Flight 1549
US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese less than five miles northwest of the airport and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries.

Question: US Airways Flight 1549 piloted by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles struck a flock of geese near this bridge owned by Port Authority of what two states?
Answer: New York and New Jersey
Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River
The Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River (), also known as the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on, was a decisive battle in the Korean War, and it took place from November 25 to December 2, 1950, along the Ch'ongch'on River Valley in the northwestern part of North Korea. In response to the successful Chinese First Phase Campaign against the United Nations (UN) forces, General Douglas MacArthur launched the Home-by-Christmas Offensive to expel the Chinese forces from Korea and to end the war. Anticipating this reaction, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) Commander Peng Dehuai planned a counteroffensive, dubbed the "Second Phase Campaign", against the advancing UN forces.
Second Battle of the Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne ( ) (15 July – 6 August 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, supported by several hundred tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. The German defeat marked the start of the relentless Allied advance which culminated in the Armistice with Germany about 100 days later.

Question: Which occurred first, the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River or the Second Battle of the Marne?
Answer: Second Battle of the Marne