qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Unicode
Characters with diacritical marks can generally be represented either as a single precomposed character or as a decomposed sequence of a base letter plus one or more non-spacing marks. For example, ḗ (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and ḗ (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) should be rendered identically, both appearing as an e with a macron and acute accent, but in practice, their appearance may vary depending upon what rendering engine and fonts are being used to display the characters. Similarly, underdots, as needed in the romanization of Indic, will often be placed incorrectly. . Unicode characters that map to precomposed glyphs can be used in many cases, thus avoiding the problem, but where no precomposed character has been encoded the problem can often be solved by using a specialist Unicode font such as Charis SIL that uses Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies for advanced rendering features.

Question: What encoding does Charis SIL use? 
Answer: Graphite, OpenType, or AAT technologies
Botany
The evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny. Phylogenetic studies attempt to discover phylogenies. The basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships. As an example, species of "Pereskia" are trees or bushes with prominent leaves. They do not obviously resemble a typical leafless cactus such as an "Echinocactus". However, both "Pereskia" and "Echinocactus" have spines produced from areoles (highly specialised pad-like structures) suggesting that the two genera are indeed related.

Question: What would be an indication of a shared inheritance in two cacti?
Answer: spines produced from areoles
Kanye West
"The College Dropout" was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the "Billboard" 200 as his debut single, "Through the Wire" peaked at number fifteen on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for five weeks. "Slow Jamz", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. "The College Dropout" received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. "Jesus Walks", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the "Billboard" pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. "The College Dropout" would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of "The College Dropout", such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound. During this time, he also produced singles for Brandy, Common, John Legend, and Slum Village.

Question: What was the name of the record label that West founded?
Answer: GOOD Music
Bloodhound Gang
Bloodhound Gang was an American rock band which began as a hip hop group before branching out into other genres, including punk rock, alternative hip hop, rapcore, funk metal, and electronic rock, as their career progressed. Their songs were usually known for off-beat and vulgar lyrics that often dealt with sexual subjects and contained many puns and innuendos.
Bloodhound Gang
They are best known for their singles "Fire Water Burn", "The Bad Touch", "Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo", "Along Comes Mary", "Uhn Tiss Uhn Tiss Uhn Tiss", and "The Ballad of Chasey Lain". Formed in 1988, the Bloodhound Gang has sold more than 6 million albums.
Jimmy Pop
James Moyer Franks (born August 27, 1972), better known by his stage name Jimmy Pop (originally Jimmy Pop Ali), is an American rapper, musician, singer and composer. He is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter, and one of the founding members of the comedic pop-rock band Bloodhound Gang.

Question: James Moyer Franks was the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter of what band influenced by The Beastie Boys?
Answer: Bloodhound Gang
Montevideo
Fortaleza del Cerro overlooks the bay of Montevideo. An observation post at this location was first built by the Spanish in the late 18th century. In 1802, a beacon replaced the observation post; construction of the fortress began in 1809 and was completed in 1839. It has been involved in many historical developments and has been repeatedly taken over by various sides. In 1907, the old beacon was replaced with a stronger electric one. It has been a National Monument since 1931 and has housed a military museum since 1916. Today it is one of the tourist attractions of Montevideo.

Question: When did construction of the fortress finish?
Answer: 1839
Bud Spencer
Carlo Pedersoli (31 October 1929 – 27 June 2016), known professionally as Bud Spencer, was an Italian actor, professional swimmer and water polo player. He was known for action-comedy and Spaghetti Western roles with his long-time film partner Terence Hill. The duo "garnered world acclaim and attracted millions to theater seats". Spencer and Hill appeared in, produced and directed over 20 films together.
Troublemakers (1994 film)
Troublemakers ( , also known as "The Fight Before Christmas") is a 1994 spaghetti western comedy film. It is the last pairing of Terence Hill (who also directed) and Bud Spencer.

Question: Troublemakers was the last Western in which Bud Spencer paired with which longtime collaborator?
Answer: Terence Hill
Richmond, Virginia
Much of Richmond's early architecture was destroyed by the Evacuation Fire in 1865. It is estimated that 25% of all buildings in Richmond were destroyed during this fire. Even fewer now remain due to construction and demolition that has taken place since Reconstruction. In spite of this, Richmond contains many historically significant buildings and districts. Buildings remain from Richmond's colonial period, such as the Patteson-Schutte House and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), both built before 1750.

Question: What is the name of the era from which the building housing the Edgar Allan Poe Museum dates?
Answer: colonial
Pithecellobium
Pithecellobium is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. The generic name is derived from the Greek words πιθηκος ("pithekos"), meaning "ape" or "monkey," and ελλοβιον ("ellobion"), meaning "earring," which refers to the coiled shape of the fruit pods. Plants of the genus are known generally as blackbeads.
Lampranthus
Lampranthus is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to southern Africa.

Question: Pithecellobium and Lampranthus, are type of what?
Answer: plants
Electric motor
Doubly fed electric motors have two independent multiphase winding sets, which contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process, with at least one of the winding sets electronically controlled for variable speed operation. Two independent multiphase winding sets (i.e., dual armature) are the maximum provided in a single package without topology duplication. Doubly-fed electric motors are machines with an effective constant torque speed range that is twice synchronous speed for a given frequency of excitation. This is twice the constant torque speed range as singly-fed electric machines, which have only one active winding set.

Question: What advanage do independent multiphase winding sets have?
Answer: contribute active (i.e., working) power to the energy conversion process
Marshall Islands
United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

Question: What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?
Answer: the Amended Compact of Free Association
Clayton Kershaw
Clayton Edward Kershaw (born March 19, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). A left-handed starting pitcher, Kershaw has played 12 seasons in the major leagues since he debuted in 2008. He is an eight-time All-Star, three-time National League (NL) Cy Young Award winner, and the 2014 NL Most Valuable Player. His 2.44 career earned run average (ERA) and 1.01 walks plus hits per inning pitched rate (WHIP) are the lowest among starters in the live-ball era (minimum 1,000 innings pitched). Kershaw has a career hits allowed per nine innings pitched average of 6.78, the second-lowest in MLB history. He has been described throughout the majority of his career as the best pitcher in baseball.
Clayton Kershaw
Kershaw was drafted seventh overall in the 2006 MLB draft. He worked his way through the Dodgers' farm system in just one full season, and reached the majors at 20 years old. When he debuted in 2008, he was the youngest player in MLB, a title he held for one full year. In 2011, he won the pitching Triple Crown and the NL Cy Young Award, becoming the youngest pitcher to accomplish either of these feats since Dwight Gooden in 1985. 
Christine Dzidrums
Christine Dzidrums is an American children's author. She won a bronze medal at the 2010 Moonbeam Children's Book Awards for her debut novel, "Cutters Don't Cry". She has written gymnast biographies on Clayton Kershaw, Mike Trout, Gabby Douglas, Shawn Johnson, The Fierce Five, Missy Franklin, Kelly Clarkson and Nastia Liukin. Her second young adult novel, "", won a gold medal at the 2014 Children's Literary Classics Awards"." Her biography on Olympic figure skating champion Kim Yuna brought her media attention in South Korea.

Question: On which American professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball did Christine Dzidrums write a gymnast biography?
Answer: Clayton Kershaw
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems. These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring.

Question: From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
Answer: their parental germ cells
Temple & Webster
Temple & Webster (ASX: TPW) is an Australian homewares and furniture retailer. The brand was founded in 2011, and listed on the ASX as Temple & Webster Group (TPW) in December 2015. The float followed the acquisition of two other businesses, the Australian operation of Wayfair and Milan Direct.
Wayfair
Wayfair Inc. is an American e-commerce company that sells furniture and home-goods. Formerly known as CSN Stores, the company was founded in 2002. Their digital platform offers 14 million items from more than 11,000 global suppliers. The online company is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, Wayfair has offices and warehouses throughout the United States as well as in Canada, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

Question: Where are the headquarters of the American e-commerce company whose Australian business was acquired by Temple & Webster?
Answer: Boston, Massachusetts
Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail is a 2170 mi historic east-west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon. The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming. The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.
Palouse
The Palouse ( ) is a distinct geographic region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of north central Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about 160 mi north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century. 
Palouse
The Palouse is home to two land-grant universities: the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Just eight miles (13 km) apart, both schools opened in the early 1890s.

Question: Which state was populated by the expanse of the Oregon Trail, which can also be found in the Palouse region of the United States?
Answer: Washington
Comics
Cross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages. The French term for comics, " " ("drawn strip") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of even photographic comics. The term " " is used in Japanese to indicate all forms of comics, cartooning, and caricature.

Question: What is the definitive factor of bandes dessinées?
Answer: drawn images
Carole King
Carole King Klein (born Carol Joan Klein; February 9, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter who has been active since 1958, initially as one of the staff songwriters at the Brill Building and later as a solo artist. She is the most successful female songwriter of the latter half of the 20th century in the US, having written or co-written 118 pop hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100. King also wrote 61 hits that charted in the UK, making her the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts between 1962 and 2005.
Been to Canaan
"Been to Canaan" is a song written by Carole King introduced on King's 1972 album release "Rhymes and Reasons". Released as that album's lead single, "Been to Canaan" peaked at #24 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in January 1973 and it was the second of King's four #1 hits on the Easy Listening chart. The single also reached #20 on the Cashbox chart.

Question: What is the year of birth of the songwriter who wrote the leading single on "rhymes and reasons"
Answer: 1942
Annelid
Charles Darwin's book "The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms" (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility. Some burrow while others live entirely on the surface, generally in moist leaf litter. The burrowers loosen the soil so that oxygen and water can penetrate it, and both surface and burrowing worms help to produce soil by mixing organic and mineral matter, by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and thus making it more quickly available to other organisms, and by concentrating minerals and converting them to forms that plants can use more easily. Earthworms are also important prey for birds ranging in size from robins to storks, and for mammals ranging from shrews to badgers, and in some cases conserving earthworms may be essential for conserving endangered birds.

Question: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?
Answer: oxygen and water can penetrate it
Illumination (company)
Illumination (formerly named Illumination Entertainment) is an American film and animation studio founded by Chris Meledandri in 2007 and owned by Universal Pictures, a division of NBCUniversal, which is itself a division of Comcast. Meledandri produces the movies while Universal finances and distributes all the films. The studio is responsible for the "Despicable Me" and "The Secret Life of Pets" film series, and the film "Sing". The Minions, characters from the "Despicable Me" series, are the studio's mascots.
Illumination (company)
Illumination has produced 10 feature films, with its latest release being "The Secret Life of Pets 2", with an average gross of $695.4 million per film. The studio's highest-grossing films are "Minions", which has grossed $1.159 billion worldwide, "Despicable Me 3", $1.034 billion and "Despicable Me 2", $970.8 million. All three are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, and six of their films are among the 50 highest-grossing animated films, with "Minions" being the 5th all-time highest.
Minions (film)
Minions is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film, serving as a spin-off prequel to the "Despicable Me" franchise. Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, written by Brian Lynch, and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy. The film stars the voices of Coffin (as the Minions, including Kevin, Stuart, and Bob), Sandra Bullock, Jon Hamm, Michael Keaton, Allison Janney, Steve Coogan, and Jennifer Saunders, with narration by Geoffrey Rush. It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of "Despicable Me 2" (2013), where Kevin, Stuart, and Bob, three of the Minions and the film's main characters, are seen auditioning for the film.

Question: What is the name of the film that is a spin-off of "Despicable Me" and whose main characters are the mascots for Illumination Entertainment?
Answer: Minions
Lacey Sturm
Lacey Nicole Sturm (née Mosley, previously Carder) is an American singer and songwriter born in Homestead, Florida, and raised in Arlington, Texas. She is a co-founder and former lead vocalist of the hard rock band Flyleaf. In February 2016, Sturm became the first solo female to top the "Billboard" Hard Rock Albums chart with her debut release.
The White Tie Affair
The White Tie Affair (also known as TWTA) was a pop band from Chicago, Illinois consisting of Chris Wallace (vocals), Sean-P (guitar), Tim McLaughlin (drums) and Ryan McLain (keyboards). In early 2007, the band signed with Epic Records/Slightly Dangerous and released their debut album, "Walk This Way" in April 2008. The album contains the band's two singles, "Allow Me to Introduce Myself...Mr. Right" and "Candle (Sick and Tired)", which have been featured on MTV's "TRL" and "The Hills".

Question: Who was first to make and release a musical album, The White Tie Affair or Lacey Sturm?
Answer: The White Tie Affair
Maggie Lau
Maggie Lau () is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She starred in "New Police Story", "The Twins Effect" and also had a small acting part in "The Myth" alongside Jackie Chan and Korean actress, Kim Hee-sun.
New Police Story
New Police Story is a 2004 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Benny Chan, and also produced by and starring Jackie Chan. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 24 September 2004. The film is a reboot of the "Police Story" series and is the fifth film in the series. "New Police Story" relies much more on drama and heavy action than its predecessors.

Question: Who produced the 2004 Hong Kong action film which Maggie Lau starred in 
Answer: Benny Chan
Seattle
Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.

Question: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?
Answer: alternative rock
Northwestern University
Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. More than 1,500 tons are recycled annually at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. All landscape waste at the university is composted.

Question: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all new construction and renovations?
Answer: at least a 20%
Liam Neeson
Liam John Neeson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 7 June 1952) is an actor from Northern Ireland. He has been nominated for several awards, including an Academy Award for Best Actor, a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama. "Empire" magazine ranked Neeson among both the "100 Sexiest Stars in Film History" and "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time". He is one of the highest grossing actors of all time.
Liam Neeson
In 1976, Neeson joined the Lyric Players' Theatre in Belfast for two years. He then acted in the Arthurian film "Excalibur" (1981). Between 1982 and 1987, Neeson starred in five films, most notably alongside Mel Gibson and Anthony Hopkins in "The Bounty" (1984), and Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons in "The Mission" (1986). He landed a leading role alongside Patrick Swayze in "Next of Kin" (1989).
Next of Kin (1989 film)
Next of Kin is a 1989 American action thriller film directed by John Irvin and starring Patrick Swayze and Liam Neeson, with Adam Baldwin, Helen Hunt, Bill Paxton and Ben Stiller in one of his earliest roles. The screenplay was based on a story of the same title, both written by Michael Jenning.

Question: Liam Neeson was in the leading role in which 1989 action thriller directed by John Irvin?
Answer: Next of Kin
Shrub (drink)
In terms of mixed drinks, shrub is the name of two different, but related, acidulated beverages. One type of shrub is a fruit liqueur that was popular in 17th and 18th century England, typically made with rum or brandy, and mixed with sugar and the juice or rinds of citrus fruit.
Oatmeal Cookie (cocktail)
An Oatmeal Cookie is an alcoholic drink named for its taste, which is reportedly similar to an oatmeal cookie. It can be served both layered and mixed, depending on the taste of the bartender. Ingredients vary, but a sample recipe is equal parts Irish cream, Goldschläger, and butterscotch schnapps.

Question: What types of alcoholic drinks are mixed into the Shrub and Oatmeal Cookie mixed drinks are there?
Answer: made with rum or brandy
Jeff Bonforte
Jeff Bonforte was a senior vice president of Communications Products at Yahoo!, responsible for Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! Messenger, Yahoo! Answers, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Contacts and Yahoo! Calendar. Before that he was Chief executive officer (CEO) of Xobni, a company that Yahoo! bought in July 2013.
Yahoo!
Yahoo! ( ) is an American web services provider headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, and owned by Verizon Media. The original Yahoo! company was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 2, 1995. Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s.
Yahoo!
It provides or provided a Web portal, search engine Yahoo! Search, and related services, including Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports, and its social media website. At its height it was one of the most popular sites in the United States. According to third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb, Yahoo was the most widely read news and media website – with over 7 billion views per month – ranking as the sixth-most-visited website globally in 2016.

Question: Which company has employed both Jeff Bonforte and Marissa Mayer?
Answer: Yahoo!
New York City
The New York Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with more than 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, "New York's Finest".

Question: About how many police work for the NYPD?
Answer: 35,000
The Big One (film)
The Big One is a 1997 documentary film written and directed by documentarian filmmaker and activist Michael Moore, and released by Miramax Films. The film documents Moore during his tour promoting his 1996 book "Downsize This!" around the United States. Through the 47 towns he visits, Moore discovers and describes American economic failings and the fear of unemployment of American workers.
Buy Bye Beauty
Buy Bye Beauty is a 2001 documentary film by Swedish director and performance artist Pål Hollender. The film is about the Latvian sex industry and its being fueled by businessmen and sex tourists from Sweden visiting Riga. The film was shot in Riga in July 2000. The narration of the film is in English, with interviews conducted in Russian and Latvian.

Question: Which is a film by Michael Moore, Buy Bye Beauty or The Big One?
Answer: The Big One
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in "head retention", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last. The acidity of hops is a preservative.

Question: How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?
Answer: the International Bitterness Units scale
Aircraft carrier
The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing airplane with the Wright brothers' first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, was closely followed on 14 November 1910, by Eugene Burton Ely's first experimental take-off of a Curtiss Pusher airplane from the deck of a United States Navy ship, the cruiser anchored off Norfolk Navy Base in Virginia. Two months later, on 18 January 1911, Ely landed his Curtiss Pusher airplane on a platform on the armored cruiser anchored in San Francisco Bay. On 9 May 1912, the first airplane take-off from a ship underway was made from the deck of the Royal Navy's pre-dreadnought battleship . Seaplane tender support ships came next, with the French of 1911. Early in World War I, the Imperial Japanese Navy ship conducted the world's first successful ship-launched air raid: on 6 September 1914, a Farman aircraft launched by "Wakamiya" attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser and the Imperial German gunboat "Jaguar" in Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao; neither was hit. The first carrier-launched airstrike was the Tondern raid in July 1918. Seven Sopwith Camels launched from the converted battlecruiser damaged the German airbase at Tondern, Germany (modern day Tønder, Denmark) and destroyed two zeppelin airships.

Question: What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?
Answer: the world's first successful ship-launched air raid
10 Items or Less (TV series)
10 Items or Less is an American comedy series created by Nancy Hower, Robert Hickey, and John Lehr. Partly scripted and partly improvised, the show starred Lehr as a less-than-successful businessman who returned home to run "Greens & Grains", the family-owned supermarket, upon the death of his father.
John Lehr
John Lehr (born November 25, 1965) is an American film and television actor and comedian.

Question: Which American film and television actor and comedian starred in 10 items or Less?
Answer: John Lehr
Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on 15 August 1960. Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military briefly took charge of the country, and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.

Question: Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?
Answer: Congolese military
Alps
Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees ("Pinus mugo"), which is in turn superseded by "Alpenrosen", dwarf shrubs, typically "Rhododendron ferrugineum" (on acid soils) or "Rhododendron hirsutum" (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found throughout the region. Above the tree line is the area defined as "alpine" where in the alpine meadow plants are found that have adapted well to harsh conditions of cold temperatures, aridity, and high altitudes. The alpine area fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines.

Question: What type of soil does Alpenrose prefer?
Answer: acidic soil
Charmed
Charmed is an American supernatural fantasy drama television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner. The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006. The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined "Power of Three" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks. Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco. Keeping their supernatural identities separate and secret from their ordinary lives often becomes a challenge for them, with the exposure of magic having far-reaching consequences on their various relationships and resulting in a number of police and FBI investigations throughout the series. The series initially focuses on the three Halliwell sisters, Prue (Shannen Doherty), Piper (Holly Marie Combs) and Phoebe (Alyssa Milano). Following Prue's death in the third-season finale, their long-lost half sister Paige Matthews (Rose McGowan) assumes her place within the "Power of Three" from season four onwards.
Alyssa Milano
Alyssa Jayne Milano (born December 19, 1972) is an American actress, producer and political activist. She is known for her roles as Samantha Micelli in "Who's the Boss?", Jennifer Mancini in "Melrose Place", Phoebe Halliwell in "Charmed", Billie Cunningham in "My Name is Earl", Savannah "Savi" Davis in "Mistresses", Renata Murphy in "" and Coralee Armstrong in "Insatiable".

Question: What country of origin does Charmed and Alyssa Milano have in common?
Answer: American
Doggerland
Doggerland was an area of land, now submerged beneath the southern North Sea, that connected Britain to mainland Europe. It was flooded by rising sea levels around 6500–6200 BC. Geological surveys have suggested that it stretched from where Britain's east coast now is to the present-day Netherlands, western coast of Germany, and peninsula of Jutland. It was probably a rich habitat with human habitation in the Mesolithic period, although rising sea levels gradually reduced it to low-lying islands before its final submergence, possibly following a tsunami caused by the Storegga Slide.
Storegga Slide
The three Storegga Slides are considered to be amongst the largest known submarine landslides. They occurred under water, at the edge of Norway's continental shelf in the Norwegian Sea, approximately 6225–6170 BC. The collapse involved an estimated length of coastal shelf, with a total volume of of debris, which caused a megatsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Question: Doggerland was an area now beneath the southern North Sea that connected Great Britain to continental Europe during and after the last glacial period, it was probably a rich habitat with human habitation in the Mesolithic period, although rising sea levels gradually reduced it to low-lying islands before its final submergence, possibly following a tsunami caused by the Storegga Slide, The three Storegga Slides are considered to be amongst the largest known ?
Answer: landslides
Memento (film)
Memento is a 2000 American neo-noir psychological thriller film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, and produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd. The film's script was based on a pitch by Jonathan Nolan, who wrote the 2001 story "Memento Mori" from the concept. Guy Pearce stars as a man who, as a result of an injury, has anterograde amnesia (the inability to form new memories) and has short-term memory loss approximately every fifteen minutes. He is searching for the people who attacked him and killed his wife, using an intricate system of Polaroid photographs and tattoos to track information he cannot remember.
Harriet Sansom Harris
Harriet Sansom Harris (born January 8, 1955), often credited as Harriet Harris, is an American actress known for her theater performances and for her portrayals of Bebe Glazer on "Frasier" and Felicia Tilman on "Desperate Housewives". 
Harriet Sansom Harris
Harris won a Tony Award in 2002 as a Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance in "Thoroughly Modern Millie". In addition to television and theater, she has made various film appearances, including "Memento", "Addams Family Values", "Nurse Betty" and "Phantom Thread".

Question: The actress that plays Bebe Glazer on "Frasier" also appeared in a 2000 thriller film starring Guy Pearce that was directed by who?
Answer: Christopher Nolan
Dirac large numbers hypothesis
The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales. The ratios constitute very large, dimensionless numbers: some 40 orders of magnitude in the present cosmological epoch. According to Dirac's hypothesis, the apparent similarity of these ratios might not be a mere coincidence but instead could imply a cosmology with these unusual features:
Paul Dirac
Dirac was regarded by his friends and colleagues as unusual in character. In a 1926 letter to Paul Ehrenfest, Albert Einstein wrote of Dirac, "I have trouble with Dirac. This balancing on the dizzying path between genius and madness is awful." In another letter he wrote, "I don't understand Dirac at all (Compton effect)." 
Paul Dirac
He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.

Question: What Florida State University physicist hypothesized the Dirac large numbers hypothesis?
Answer: Paul Dirac
Eddie Bracken
Edward Vincent Bracken (February 7, 1915 – November 14, 2002) was an American actor. Bracken became a Hollywood comedy legend with lead performances in the films "Hail the Conquering Hero" and "The Miracle of Morgan's Creek" both from 1944, both of which have been preserved by the National Film Registry. During this era, he also had success on Broadway, with performances in plays like "Too Many Girls" (1939).
Duffy's Tavern (film)
Duffy's Tavern is a 1945 American comedy film directed by Hal Walker and written by Melvin Frank and Norman Panama. The film stars Ed Gardner, Bing Crosby, Betty Hutton, Paulette Goddard, Alan Ladd, Dorothy Lamour, Eddie Bracken and Brian Donlevy. The film was released on September 28, 1945, by Paramount Pictures.

Question: What 1945 American comedy film, directed by Hal Walker, did Eddie Bracken, the comedy legend that appeared in "Hail the Conquering Hero" and "The Miracle of Morgan's Creek" appear?
Answer: Duffy's Tavern
MP3
The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard.

Question: Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder?
Answer: MPEG-1
Zhejiang
After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution. The agricultural policy favoring grain production at the expense of industrial and cash crops intensified economic hardships in the province. Mao's self-reliance policy and the reduction in maritime trade cut off the lifelines of the port cities of Ningbo and Wenzhou. While Mao invested heavily in railroads in interior China, no major railroads were built in South Zhejiang, where transportation remained poor.

Question: When did the People's Republic of China take control of Mainland China?
Answer: 1949
The Bronx
The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx. This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.

Question: When was the Bronx added to NYC?
Answer: the mid-19th century
Chicago
Chicago ( , locally also ), officially the City of Chicago, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and the third-most-populous city in the United States. With an estimated population of 2,693,976 in 2019, it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, the second-most-populous county in the US, with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport. Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland. At nearly 10 million people, the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States.
Chicago
Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless, the city made a concerted effort to rebuild. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the great fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards, including new construction styles (including the Chicago School of architecture), the development of the City Beautiful Movement, and the steel-framed skyscraper.
Chinatown Square
Chinatown Square () is a two-story outdoor mall located in Chinatown, Chicago, a mile (1.6 km) from the center of Chicago just North of the main Wentworth Avenue District (the main Chinatown Street). Chinatown Square, on 45 acre of reclaimed land from a former railroad yard, houses mostly restaurants, retail space, boutiques, banks, clinics, beauty shops, and a handful of offices. This outdoor mall is the largest Chinese mall in the US east of San Francisco and west of New York City. In the middle of the mall, there are statues of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac from Xiamen, China. Other landmarks in the mall include twin pagodas.

Question: Chinatown Square is located in what third-most populous US city?
Answer: Chicago
Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut
"Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut" is the second episode of the second season of the American animated television series "South Park". The 15th episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on April 22, 1998. The episode concludes the storyline of the season one finale "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut"; Mephesto is suddenly shot, just as he is about to reveal the identity of Eric Cartman's father. The four boys and Chef rush him to Hell's Pass Hospital while the town of South Park experiences a massive blizzard.
Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut
"Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut" is the thirteenth and final episode of the first season of the American animated television series "South Park". It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on February 25, 1998. The episode is the highest viewed episode in the entire "South Park" series, with 6.4 million views. It is part one of a two-episode story arc, which concluded with "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut". The episode follows Eric Cartman, one of the show's child protagonists, becoming curious about the identity of his father. He discovers that his father is most likely a man his mother had sexual intercourse with during an annual party called "The Drunken Barn Dance". Meanwhile, his friends Stan, Kyle and Kenny participate on "America's Stupidest Home Videos", after filming Cartman playing in his yard with plush toys.

Question: "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut" is the first season finale of the American animated television series "South Park", it is part one of a two-episode story arc, which concluded with "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut", the episode concludes the storyline of the season one finale "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut"; who is suddenly shot, just as he is about to reveal the identity of Cartman's father?
Answer: Mephesto
Galicia (Spain)
In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the "Reconquista". As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Santiago) a major pilgrim road, a route for the propagation of Romanesque art and the words and music of the troubadors. During the 10th and 11th centuries, a period during which Galician nobility become related to the royal family, Galicia was at times headed by its own native kings, while Vikings (locally known as "Leodemanes" or "Lordomanes") occasionally raided the coasts. The Towers of Catoira (Pontevedra) were built as a system of fortifications to prevent and stop the Viking raids on Santiago de Compostela.

Question: To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system?
Answer: Towers of Catoira
Sexual orientation
Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

Question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?
Answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Jeff Bhasker
Jeff Bhasker (also known as Billy Kraven and U.G.L.Y.) is an American record producer, songwriter, keyboardist, vocalist, and multi-instrumentalist. He collaborated with rapper and producer Kanye West on the albums "808s & Heartbreak", "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy", and "Watch the Throne". He has won Grammy Awards for the songs "Run This Town" by Jay-Z, "All of the Lights" by Kanye West, "We Are Young" by Fun., and "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson. Bhasker received the 2016 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical for co-producing Mark Ronson's album "Uptown Special" and producing Nate Ruess's album "Grand Romantic".
All of the Lights
"All of the Lights" is a song by American rapper Kanye West, as the fourth single from his fifth studio album, "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (2010). It was produced by West and features additional vocals from several other recording artists, including John Legend, The-Dream, Elly Jackson, Alicia Keys, Fergie, Kid Cudi, Elton John, Drake, and Rihanna; the latter is the only credited feature on the single, though in the music video, she and Cudi both appear with credited features.

Question: Which song by American rapper Kanye West from his fifth studio album did this American record producer, songwriter, keyboardist, vocalist, and multi-instrumentalist Jeff Bhasker contribute to and win a Grammy Award for?
Answer: All of the Lights
McKenzie, Maryland
McKenzie is an unincorporated community in Allegany County, Maryland, United States, containing only a few houses, and mostly land. Its name is derived from a family which owned a large farm along the river bottom in the area. It is located directly across from the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory in Rocket Center, West Virginia. The area was formerly a railroad junction of the Patterson Creek Cutoff and the main B&O line. McKenzie is also the site of one of the first settlements in Allegany County, where many pieces of glass, metal, stone, and some coins have been found. In the fields of the river bottom, arrowheads and flint can be found, suggesting a possible Native American community at one time, similar to the Barton, Maryland site.
Allegany Ballistics Laboratory
Allegany Ballistics Laboratory (ABL) located in Rocket Center, West Virginia, is a diverse industrial complex employing some 1,000 people across 1628 acre . The facility is a member of the Federal Laboratory Consortium and is operated by Alliant Techsystems (ATK) under contract with the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).

Question: What unincorporated community in Allegany County, Maryland is directly across from a diverse industrial complex employing some 1,000 people across 1628 acre?
Answer: McKenzie