qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Charles Hirshberg
Charles "Chuck" Hirshberg is an American journalist and sportswriter. He primarily writes for large-circulation magazines. His articles and columns have appeared in "Time", "Sports Illustrated", "Life", the "Los Angeles Times", the "Washington Post", "Men's Health" and other publications. As of 2002, he was an editor of "Popular Science". His mother is the astrophysicist Joan Feynman and his uncle was Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman.
Joan Feynman
Joan Feynman (March 31, 1927–July 22, 2020) is an American astrophysicist. She has made important contributions to the study of solar wind particles and fields; sun-Earth relations; and magnetospheric physics. In particular, Feynman is known for developing an understanding of the origin of auroras. She is also known for creating a model that predicts the number of high-energy particles likely to hit a spacecraft over its lifetime, and for uncovering a method for predicting sunspot cycles.
Joan Feynman
Feynman was raised in Far Rockaway section of Queens, New York City, along with her older brother, Richard Feynman. Her parents were Lucille Feynman (née Phillips), a homemaker, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a businessman. Her family originated from Russia and Poland; both of her parents were Ashkenazi Jews. Like her brother, Joan was an inquisitive child, and she exhibited an interest in understanding the natural world from an early age. However, her mother and grandmother both dissuaded her from pursuing science, since they believed that women's brains were not physically capable of understanding complex scientific concepts in the way that men's brains could. Despite this, her brother Richard always encouraged her to be curious about the universe. It was he who originally introduced young Joan to auroras when, one night, he coaxed her out of bed to witness the northern lights flickering above an empty golf course near their home. Later, Feynman would find comfort in an astronomy book given to her by her brother. She became convinced that she could, in fact, study science, when she came across a graph based on research by noted astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin.

Question: Charles Hirshberg's mother is known for uncovering a method for predicting what?
Answer: sunspot cycles
Catalan language
In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival ( ), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's "Ode to the Homeland" (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer (poetry), Oller (realist novel), and Guimerà (drama).

Question: In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?
Answer: early 20th
Sexual orientation
Weinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and psychosexual reactions. Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score. A person who has only predominantly same sex reactions is different from someone with relatively little reaction but much same sex experience. It would have been quite simple for Kinsey to have measured the two dimensions separately and report scores independently to avoid loss of information. Furthermore, there are more than two dimensions of sexuality to be considered. Beyond behavior and reactions, one could also assess attraction, identification, lifestyle, etc. This is addressed by the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid.

Question: What did both Weinrich and Weinberg critisize the KInsey scale for?
Answer: lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories.
Ohio State University
The Ohio State University (commonly Ohio State or OSU) is a public research university in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862, the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor (later, U.S. president) Rutherford B. Hayes, and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to "The Ohio State University". The main campus in Columbus, Ohio, has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States. The university also operates regional campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Newark, and Wooster.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( ) (RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, with additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut. It was established in 1824 by Stephen van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the "application of science to the common purposes of life" and is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world. Numerous American colleges or departments of applied sciences were modeled after Rensselaer.

Question: Ohio State University and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, are located in which country?
Answer: United States
Zhejiang
Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The débâcle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue.

Question: Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China?
Answer: the Sui dynasty
Jack Whitam
Whitam studied acting at Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. Shortly after graduating in 2003, he went on to join the Royal Shakespeare Company for their Tragedies Season where he appeared as Lennox in Macbeth directed by Dominic Cooke and Burgundy in King Lear directed by Bill Alexander. He also appeared in a newly devised piece called PILATE directed by Michael Boyd
King Lear
King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner. His third daughter gets nothing, because she will not flatter him as her sisters had done. When he feels he has been treated with disrespect by the two daughters who now have his wealth and power, he becomes furious to the point of madness. He eventually becomes tenderly reconciled to his third daughter, just before tragedy strikes her and then the king.
King Lear
Derived from the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king, the play has been widely adapted for the stage and motion pictures, with the title role coveted by many of the world's most accomplished actors.

Question: Jack Whitam appeared as Burgundy in the play King Lear. Who is the author of this play?
Answer: William Shakespeare
Right On!
Right On! is an American teen magazine first published by the Laufer Company in 1971. It was headquartered in New York City. It continued publishing on a regular basis until 2014 and focused on African-American celebrities. The magazine was acquired by Right On! Media Holdings, LLC in 2016 and now concentrates on its digital platform, www.rightondigital.com and publishes select print titles.
Galaxy Science Fiction
Galaxy Science Fiction was an American digest-size science fiction magazine, published from 1950 to 1980. It was founded by a French-Italian company, World Editions, which was looking to break into the American market. World Editions hired as editor H. L. Gold, who rapidly made "Galaxy" the leading science fiction (sf) magazine of its time, focusing on stories about social issues rather than technology.
Galaxy Science Fiction
Gold published many notable stories during his tenure, including Ray Bradbury's "The Fireman", later expanded as "Fahrenheit 451"; Robert A. Heinlein's "The Puppet Masters"; and Alfred Bester's "The Demolished Man". In 1952, the magazine was acquired by Robert Guinn, its printer. By the late 1950s, Frederik Pohl was helping Gold with most aspects of the magazine's production. When Gold's health worsened, Pohl took over as editor, starting officially at the end of 1961, though he had been doing the majority of the production work for some time.

Question: Were Galaxy Science Fiction and Right On! both teen magazines?
Answer: no
Utah State University
Utah State University (USU or Utah State) is a public land-grant research university in Logan, Utah. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. With nearly 20,000 students living on or near campus, USU is Utah's largest public residential campus. As of Fall 2019, there were 27,810 students enrolled including 24,669 undergraduate students and 3,141 graduate students. The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body.
Western Michigan University
Western Michigan University (WMU) is a public research university in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was established in 1903 by Dwight B. Waldo. Its enrollment, as of the Fall 2019 semester, was 21,470.

Question: Are Utah State University and Western Michigan University both public universities?
Answer: yes
Pope Paul VI
Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the council, Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much in the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII that the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's having recently been told that he had cancer.

Question: What illness had the Pope contracted?
Answer: cancer
Tullamore Dew
Tullamore D.E.W. is a brand of Irish whiskey produced by William Grant & Sons. It is the second largest selling brand of Irish whiskey globally, with sales of over 950,000 cases per annum as of 2015.
Old Tullamore Distillery
The Old Tullamore Distillery was an Irish whiskey distillery which was established in Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland, in 1829. The original home of Tullamore Dew Irish whiskey, the distillery closed in 1954, having endured financial difficulties for many years, like many Irish whiskey distilleries of the early 20th century.

Question: In which city was Tullamore Dew Irish whiskey originally produced?
Answer: Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland
Pacific War
Palawan Island, between Borneo and Mindoro, the fifth largest and western-most Philippine Island, was invaded on 28 February with landings of the Eighth Army at Puerto Princesa. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles, dispersed as small units. Throughout the Philippines, US forces were aided by Filipino guerrillas to find and dispatch the holdouts.

Question: Who aided U.S. forces in finding Japanese holdouts in the Philippines?
Answer: Filipino guerrillas
Song for Athene
"Song for Athene" (also known as "Alleluia. May Flights of Angels Sing Thee to Thy Rest") is a musical composition by British composer John Tavener with lyrics by Mother Thekla, an Orthodox nun, which is intended to be sung a cappella by a four-part (soprano, alto, tenor and bass) choir. It is Tavener's best known work, having been performed by the Westminster Abbey Choir conducted by Martin Neary at the funeral service of Diana, Princess of Wales, on 6 September 1997 as her cortège departed from Westminster Abbey.
John Tavener
Sir John Kenneth Tavener (28 January 1944 – 12 November 2013) was an English composer, known for his extensive output of religious works, including "The Protecting Veil", "Song for Athene" and "The Lamb".

Question: "Song for Athene" was made by what artist, who was born in 1944?
Answer: John Tavener
Law of the United States
Despite the presence of reception statutes, much of "contemporary" American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. Although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.

Question: What differs about American and English law?
Answer: American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings
Stephen Milne
Stephen Milne (born 8 March 1980) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A small forward, he held the AFL record for the most goals kicked at Docklands Stadium. He also held the record for the most games played by a player originally drafted via the Rookie Draft, however this was surpassed by the West Coast Eagles' Dean Cox in early 2014.
Dean Cox
Dean Michael Cox (born 1 August 1981) is a former Australian rules footballer and current assistant coach of the Sydney Swans who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Dampier, Western Australia, he debuted with East Perth in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) in 2000. After winning the Simpson Medal as the best player in the grand final in his first season, Cox was recruited to West Coast with the 28th pick in the 2000 Rookie Draft. He made his senior debut during the 2001 season, and played in West Coast's 2006 premiership side. A ruckman, Cox was named in the All-Australian team six times, including four seasons consecutively from 2005 to 2008, and was considered the outstanding player in his position throughout much of his career. He won West Coast's best and fairest award in 2008, and finished in the top three on four other occasions. Cox retired at the end of the 2014 season, finishing his career with 290 games, a club record, and 169 goals.
Dean Cox
Cox was a naturally gifted sportsman who excelled at sports whilst growing up in Dampier, Western Australia. Played for Dampier Sharks.

Question: Stephen Milne held the record for most games played by a player originaly drafted via the Rookie Draft which was surpassed in 2014 by someone who plays for who?
Answer: West Coast Eagles
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
Space Ghost Coast to Coast (abbreviated as SGC2C) is an American adult animated parody talk show, created by Mike Lazzo and hosted by the 1960s Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Space Ghost. Though the original 1960s series aired as a standard Hanna-Barbera Saturday-morning superhero cartoon, "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" was a reboot of the series intended for adults, reinterpreted as a surreal spoof talk show and produced using the original artwork. The first two seasons were presented as a serious talk show with subdued jokes, while the later seasons relied more on surrealism, non-sequitur, and tabloid.
Mike Lazzo
Michael Lazzo (born April 10, 1958) is an American television producer and the former senior executive vice president in charge of the Adult Swim programming block of Cartoon Network, and its production arm, Williams Street. Lazzo is Jewish.

Question: Space Ghost Coast to Coast is an American adult animated parody talk show, created by which American television producer and the senior executive vice president in charge of Adult Swim at Williams Street?
Answer: Mike Lazzo
Somalis
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the "Jalelo" site in Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.

Question: In what country is the oldest evidence of ceremonial burial in the Horn of Africa located?
Answer: Somalia
Pixar Pier and Paradise Gardens Park
Pixar Pier and Paradise Gardens Park are themed lands at Disney California Adventure, based on that of Victorian boardwalks that were once found along the coast of California. Despite its name and the presence of a nearby man-made lake, Pixar Pier is not actually a pier, but a waterside area of the park. Incredicoaster sprawls across much of the area, with various other attractions and forms of entertainment scattered around it.
Silly Symphony Swings
Silly Symphony Swings is a wave swinger attraction in Paradise Gardens Park at the Disneyland Resort in California. Themed to Disney's 1935 short film "The Band Concert", Mickey Mouse conducts from high atop the attraction, synchronized with the music. Although "The Band Concert" was not part of the "Silly Symphonies" film series, the name was applied to the attraction as a result of its symphony storyline. Closely following the plot of "The Band Concert" the main column of the ride rises, revealing a tornado which spins the riders to the tune of the William Tell Overture and William Tell's "Storm". Once the tornado safely passes, the music comes to an end and the ride slows and lowers riders to the ground. It is speculated that the new voice of the Silly Symphony Swings is that of the fictitious Mr. Tinkershmidt, the supposed new owner of Paradise Pier. Tinkershmidt and the Silly Symphony Swings update was part of the multi-year, $1.1 billion (US) expansion plan for Disney's California Adventure Park. Previews of the attraction were offered at California Adventure's Walt Disney Imagineering Blue Sky Cellar.

Question: Silly Symphony Swings is a wave swinger attraction in what themed land at Disney California Adventure, that is based on Victorian boardwalks that were once found along the coast of california?
Answer: Paradise Pier
Escobaria
Escobaria, pincushion cactus or foxtail cactus is a genus of low-growing cacti that range from the southernmost parts of central and western Canada through northern Mexico, with one species in Cuba. The genus comprises about 23 species. The term "pincushion cactus" may also refer to the related "Mammillaria".
Perilla
Perilla is a genus consisting of one major Asiatic crop species "Perilla frutescens" and a few wild species in nature belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus encompasses several distinct varieties of Asian herb, seed, and vegetable crop, including "P. frutescens" (deulkkae) and "P. frutescens" var. "crispa" (shiso). The genus name "Perilla" is also a frequently employed common name ("perilla"), applicable to all varieties. Perilla varieties are cross-fertile and intra-specific hybridization occurs naturally. Some varieties are considered invasive.

Question: Are  Escobaria and Perilla both mint species?
Answer: no
Mallory Knox
Mallory Knox were an English alternative rock band from Cambridge. In 2013, they released their debut album "Signals" which reached #33 in the UK album charts. Their second album "Asymmetry" was released on 27 October 2014 and reached #16 on UK Album Chart. They later released their third album "Wired" on 10 March 2017. Their fourth record, "Mallory Knox", was released on 16 August 2019, after which they announced a farewell tour.
Zonic Shockum
Zonic Shockum is an American alternative rock band formed in 1988 in Philadelphia.
Zonic Shockum
In 1988 Stephen P. Anderson, under the moniker of Zonic Shockum, recorded a 17-song cassette titled "Pleasure" which received distribution through Sound Choice mail-order catalog and Tower Records in Philadelphia and garnered a positive review in the German music magazine "Zap". The tape featured girlfriend Debbie Polak singing on one song, and co-worker Marc Sonstein playing drums on another. Anderson's cover of "Chinese Rock" was carted at Drexel University's 91.7 for regular airplay.

Question: Who is from farther north, Zonic Shockum or Mallory Knox?
Answer: Mallory Knox
Westminster Abbey
During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place – Frances Challen, wife of Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

Question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?
Answer: Frances Challen
Dell
Dell was listed at number 51 in the "Fortune 500" list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by "Fortune". In 2015, it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and Hewlett-Packard (HP). Dell is the largest shipper of PC monitors worldwide. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to "Fortune" magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL ), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.

Question: What PC vendor rank did Dell hold?
Answer: third largest
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT, ; ) or colloquially "Bangmod" ( ; ) is an engineering and technology university in Thailand, focusing on teaching and research. It is one of nine national research universities (NRU) in Thailand. It is in Bang Mot Sub-district, Thung Khru District, Bangkok. It was founded on 18 April 1960, making it the third oldest engineering school and seventh oldest university in Thailand. 
University of Pisa
The University of Pisa ( , UniPi) is an Italian public research university located in Pisa, Italy. It was founded in 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI. It is the 19th oldest extant university in the world and the 10th oldest in Italy. The university is ranked within the top 10 nationally and the top 400 in the world according to the ARWU and the QS. It houses the Orto botanico di Pisa, Europe's oldest academic botanical garden, which was founded in 1544.

Question: Is King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi or the University of Pisa located in Italy?
Answer: University of Pisa
Pub
Ireland banned smoking in early 2004 in pubs and clubs. In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas.

Question: When did Wales outlaw smoking in public?
Answer: April 2007
Seattle
Seattle annually sends a team of spoken word slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home to such performance poets as Buddy Wakefield, two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ; Anis Mojgani, two-time National Poetry Slam Champ; and Danny Sherrard, 2007 National Poetry Slam Champ and 2008 Individual World Poetry Slam Champ. Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament. The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry.

Question: When did Seattle host the national Poetry Slam Tournament?
Answer: 2001
Thuringia
Due to many centuries of intensive settlement, most of the area is shaped by human influence. The original natural vegetation of Thuringia is forest with beech as its predominant species, as can still be found in the Hainich mountains today. In the uplands, a mixture of beech and spruce would be natural. However, most of the plains have been cleared and are in intensive agricultural use while most of the forests are planted with spruce and pine. Since 1990, Thuringia's forests have been managed aiming for a more natural and tough vegetation more resilient to climate change as well as diseases and vermin. In comparison to the forest, agriculture is still quite conventional and dominated by large structures and monocultures. Problems here are caused especially by increasingly prolonged dry periods during the summer months.

Question: Why is Thurnigia's landscape shaped by human influence?
Answer: Due to many centuries of intensive settlement
American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation
The American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation (ARCCF) is an American nonprofit focused on the promotion of American-Russian cultural dialogue and cooperation. Founded in 1992 by a group of prominent Americans, including former Missouri Congressman James W. Symington, Pamela Harriman, former Chief of Staff and Tennessee Senator Howard Baker, and businessman Bill Marriott, the nonprofit has organized concerts, exhibitions, galas, and other cultural events that highlight the history of American-Russian cultural interactions. It is currently headed by Susan E. Carmel, a US real estate investor and philanthropist. Congressman James W. Symington and former US Ambassador to the WTO Eugene K. Lawson had previously served in that role. Former Soviet cultural attaché Alexander Potemkin served as the organization's executive director since its creation until 2018, when he was replaced by former US commercial attache in Moscow Maria Kontak (who had previously been the Foundation's Deputy Director in charge of fundraising). ARCCF is based in Washington, DC.
Pamela Harriman
Pamela Beryl Harriman ("née" Digby; 20 March 1920 – 5 February 1997), also known as Pamela Churchill Harriman, was an English-born American political activist for the Democratic Party, diplomat, and socialite. She married three important and powerful men, her first husband being Randolph Churchill, the son of prime minister Winston Churchill. Her only child, Winston Churchill, was named after his famous grandfather.

Question: When did Randolph Churchill's former wife help form a nonprofit organization?
Answer: 1992
Copyright infringement
The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the Information Society Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for personal, noncommercial use. The Directive was not intended to legitimize file-sharing, but rather the common practice of space shifting copyright-protected content from a legally purchased CD (for example) to certain kinds of devices and media, provided rights holders are compensated and no copy protection measures are circumvented. Rights-holder compensation takes various forms, depending on the country, but is generally either a levy on "recording" devices and media, or a tax on the content itself. In some countries, such as Canada, the applicability of such laws to copying onto general-purpose storage devices like computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones, for which no levies are collected, has been the subject of debate and further efforts to reform copyright law.

Question: What are examples of general purpose storage devices?
Answer: computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones
Graham v. Florida
Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for non-homicide offenses. 
Graham v. Florida
In June 2012, in the related "Miller v. Alabama," the Court ruled that mandatory sentences for life without parole for juvenile offenders, even in cases of murder, was cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
United States v. Windsor
Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer, a same-sex couple residing in New York, had their marriage recognized by the state of New York in 2008; Spyer died in 2009, leaving her entire estate to Windsor. Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses, but was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA. Seeking a refund, Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. As the Department of Justice declined to defend the constitutionality of Section 3 of DOMA, the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group (BLAG) intervened to defend the law. District Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional, and her ruling was affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
United States v. Windsor
The Supreme Court granted certiorari in December 2012 and handed down its judgment on June 26, 2013. In the majority opinion, which was joined by four other justices, Justice Anthony Kennedy declared Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional "as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment". He further wrote: "The federal statute is invalid, for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State, by its marriage laws, sought to protect in personhood and dignity." Four justices filed dissenting opinions, including Justice Antonin Scalia, who argued that the Court had "no power under the Constitution to invalidate this democratically adopted legislation."

Question: Which court case took place first, Graham v. Florida or United States v. Windsor?
Answer: Graham v. Florida
Kimya Dawson
Kimya Dawson (born November 17, 1972) is an American folk singer-songwriter, best known as one half of the anti-folk duo The Moldy Peaches. Dawson's work with The Moldy Peaches earned her a cult following and critical acclaim, with their 2001 song "Anyone Else But You" landing a spot in multiple acclaimed indie film soundtracks. "Anyone Else But You" as performed by Michael Cera and Ellen Page charted on the Billboard Hot 100 after its prominent inclusion in the 2007 film "Juno", the soundtrack of which includes several songs by Dawson and her associated musical acts. The song remains Dawson's highest charting single to date. In addition to her work with The Moldy Peaches, Dawson has released seven solo studio albums and collaborated with various other artists from a diverse range of genres, including Aesop Rock, They Might Be Giants, The Mountain Goats, and Third Eye Blind.
Hokey Fright
Hokey Fright is the only studio album by The Uncluded, a collaboration between rapper Aesop Rock and anti-folk singer-songwriter Kimya Dawson. It was released on May 7, 2013 on the Rhymesayers Entertainment label. Every part of every song on the album is performed by either Aesop or Dawson, with the exception of the drums on "Delicate Cycle", which were played by James McNew of Yo La Tengo.

Question: In what year was the singer who collaborated with Aesop Rock on "Hokey Fright" born?
Answer: 1972
Treaty
The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its "travaux preparatory. "It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.

Question: What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?
Answer: North Korea
Computer
Supercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend to be useful only for specialized tasks due to the large scale of program organization required to successfully utilize most of the available resources at once. Supercomputers usually see usage in large-scale simulation, graphics rendering, and cryptography applications, as well as with other so-called "embarrassingly parallel" tasks.

Question: What is the name of a computer that has many CPUs and much more powerful?
Answer: Supercomputers
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery, and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates that were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection Trust as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses their offices, as well as those of the Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

Question: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
Answer: 800 people
John Sherrington
John Francis Sherrington (born 5 January 1958) is an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Westminster. His appointment was announced on 30 June 2011. He had previously served as part of the clergy of the Diocese of Nottingham.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham
The Diocese of Nottingham, England, is a Roman Catholic diocese of the Latin Rite and a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Diocese of Westminster.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham
The diocese covers an area of 13,074 km² , taking in the English counties of Nottinghamshire (now excluding the district of Bassetlaw), Leicestershire, most of Derbyshire, Rutland and Lincolnshire. The episcopal seat is the Cathedral Church of St Barnabas in Nottingham.

Question: Which auxillary bishop of the Diocese of Wesminster formerly served as a clergy of Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham?
Answer: John Francis Sherrington
IPod
Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth-generation iPod Touch, and the seventh-generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.

Question: What's Apple's code name for the newer 8-pin dock connector?
Answer: Lightning
Phil Joanou
Phil Joanou (born November 20, 1961 in La Cañada Flintridge, California) is an American director of film, music videos, and television programs.
Raúl Ruiz (director)
Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino ( ; 25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean filmmaker, writer and teacher whose work is best known in France. He directed more than 100 films.

Question: Are Raúl Ruiz and Phil Joanou the same nationality?
Answer: no
Carnival
While medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht. However, evidence is insufficient to establish a direct origin from Saturnalia or other ancient festivals. No complete accounts of Saturnalia survive, and the shared features of feasting, role reversals, temporary social equality, masks, and permitted rule-breaking do not necessarily constitute a coherent festival or link these festivals. These similarities may represent a reservoir of cultural resources that can embody multiple meanings and functions. For example, Easter begins with the resurrection of Jesus, followed by a liminal period, and ends with rebirth. Carnival reverses this as King Carnival comes to life, and a liminal period follows before his death. Both feasts are calculated by the lunar calendar. Both Jesus and King Carnival may be seen as expiatory figures who make a gift to the people with their deaths. In the case of Jesus, the gift is eternal life in heaven, and in the case of King Carnival, the acknowledgement that death is a necessary part of the cycle of life. Besides Christian anti-Judaism, the commonalities between church and Carnival rituals and imagery suggest a common root. Christ's passion is itself grotesque: since early Christianity, Christ is figured as the victim of summary judgment, and is tortured and executed by Romans before a Jewish mob ("His blood is on us and on our children!" ). Holy Week processions in Spain include crowds who vociferously insult the figure of Jesus. Irreverence, parody, degradation, and laughter at a tragicomic effigy of God can be seen as intensifications of the sacred order. In 1466, the Catholic Church under Pope Paul II revived customs of the Saturnalia carnival: Jews were forced to race naked through the streets of the city of Rome. "Before they were to run, the Jews were richly fed, so as to make the race more difficult for them and at the same time more amusing for spectators. They ran ... amid Rome's taunting shrieks and peals of laughter, while the Holy Father stood upon a richly ornamented balcony and laughed heartily", an eyewitness reports.

Question: What is insufficient to establish a direct origin from ancient festivals to Carnival?
Answer: evidence
Buick LaCrosse
The Buick LaCrosse is a mid-size sedan manufactured and marketed by Buick since 2004. The LaCrosse is now in its third generation, slotted above the Buick Regal as the brand's flagship vehicle.
Roewe 950
The Roewe 950 is a large four door saloon that is produced by Roewe in China, and is based on the 2010 Buick LaCrosse. It was first shown to the public at the 2012 Beijing International Motor Show, and commenced production in April 2012.

Question: What Generation is the car that the Roewe is based on in?
Answer: third generation
Stanley Clarke
Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951) is an American bassist, film composer and founding member of Return to Forever, one of the first jazz fusion bands. Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music. He is the first jazz-fusion bassist to headline tours, sell out shows worldwide and have recordings reach gold status. 
If This Bass Could Only Talk
If This Bass Could Only Talk is a 1988 album by American bass player Stanley Clarke.

Question: Which founding member of Return to Forever put out he album If This Bass Could Only Talk?
Answer: Stanley Clarke
London
In 1993, the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south foreshore, upstream of Vauxhall Bridge. This bridge either crossed the Thames or reached a now lost island in it. Two of those timbers were radiocarbon dated to between 1750 BC and 1285 BC.

Question: The remains of an ancient bridge found on the shore of the River Thames was dated back to what archaeological period?
Answer: Bronze Age
Marv Albert
Marv Albert (born Marvin Philip Aufrichtig; June 12, 1941) is an American sportscaster. Honored for his work as a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame, he is commonly referred to as "the voice of basketball." From 1967 to 2004, he was also known as "the voice of the New York Knicks." Albert currently works for Turner Sports as the lead announcer for NBA games on TNT.
Untold: The Greatest Sports Stories Never Told
Untold: The Greatest Sports Stories Never Told is an original one-hour documentary series featuring some of sports' most compelling figures and the challenges they've endured. It was hosted by Marv Albert. The series aired on Spike TV from 2004 to 2005.

Question: Untold: The Greatest Sports Stories Never Told was hosted by a sportscaster commonly referred to as what ?
Answer: the voice of basketball
History of science
The Romantic Movement of the early 19th century reshaped science by opening up new pursuits unexpected in the classical approaches of the Enlightenment. Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry). The decline of Romanticism occurred because a new movement, Positivism, began to take hold of the ideals of the intellectuals after 1840 and lasted until about 1880.

Question: What year did Positivism end?
Answer: 1880
Memory
Cognitive neuroscientists consider memory as the retention, reactivation, and reconstruction of the experience-independent internal representation. The term of internal representation implies that such a definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the underpinning physical neural changes (Dudai 2007). The latter component is also called engram or memory traces (Semon 1904). Some neuroscientists and psychologists mistakenly equate the concept of engram and memory, broadly conceiving all persisting after-effects of experiences as memory; others argue against this notion that memory does not exist until it is revealed in behavior or thought (Moscovitch 2007).

Question: What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person?
Answer: Moscovitch 2007
Oscarsborg Fortress
Oscarsborg Fortress ( ) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drøbak in Viken county, Norway. The best known part is situated on two small islets. The main artillery batteries are on the island Håøya and smaller batteries on the mainland to the west and east in the fjord and was military territory until 2003 when it was made a publicly available resort island. The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser "Blücher" on 9 April 1940. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status.
German cruiser Blücher
Blücher was the second of five "Admiral Hipper"-class heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" (War Navy), built after the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles. Named for Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the Prussian victor of the Battle of Waterloo, the ship was laid down in August 1936 and launched in June 1937. She was completed in September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of World War II. After completing a series of sea trials and training exercises, the ship was pronounced ready for service with the fleet on 5 April 1940. She was armed with a main battery of eight 20.3 cm guns and, although nominally under the 10000 LT limit set by the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, actually displaced over 16000 LT .

Question: Oscarsborg Fortress is best known for sinking the  German heavy cruiser named for the Prussian victor of what?
Answer: the Battle of Waterloo
PlayStation 3
PS3's hardware has also been used to build supercomputers for high-performance computing. Fixstars Solutions sells a version of Yellow Dog Linux for PlayStation 3 (originally sold by Terra Soft Solutions). RapidMind produced a stream programming package for PS3, but were acquired by Intel in 2009. Also, on January 3, 2007, Dr. Frank Mueller, Associate Professor of Computer Science at NCSU, clustered 8 PS3s. Mueller commented that the 256 MB of system RAM is a limitation for this particular application and is considering attempting to retrofit more RAM. Software includes: Fedora Core 5 Linux ppc64, MPICH2, OpenMP v 2.5, GNU Compiler Collection and CellSDK 1.1. As a more cost-effective alternative to conventional supercomputers, the U.S. military has purchased clusters of PS3 units for research purposes. Retail PS3 Slim units cannot be used for supercomputing, because PS3 Slim lacks the ability to boot into a third-party OS.

Question: What company sold Yellow Dog Linux before Fixstars Solutions?
Answer: Terra Soft Solutions
Faust (EWTC show)
Faust is the name of the show produced by the East West Theatre Company and directed by Haris Pasovic. The action is set in the foreseeable future and the script is based on texts by Emil Cioran, Bertrand Russell, Christopher Marlowe, Bill Joy, Werener Heisenberg and Haris Pasovic.
Bill Joy
William Nelson Joy (born November 8, 1954) is an American computer engineer and venture capitalist. He co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Scott McNealy, Vinod Khosla, and Andy Bechtolsheim, and served as CTO at the company until 2003. He played an integral role in the early development of BSD UNIX while a graduate student at Berkeley, and he is the original author of the vi text editor. He also wrote the 2000 essay "Why The Future Doesn't Need Us", in which he expressed deep concerns over the development of modern technologies.

Question: In what year was the man whose texts, along with Emil Cioran, Bertrand Russell, Christopher Marlowe, Werener Heisenberg and Haris Pasovic, are the basis for the show "Faust" born?
Answer: 1954