qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
British Isles
The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations were extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernésiais, Jèrriais and Sercquiais spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, including Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880.

Question: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?
Answer: Shelta
Pope Paul VI
At the request of the pope, Montini established together with Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza ("Pontifical Commission for Assistance"), which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organisation distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Papal Residence of Castel Gandolfo was opened to refugees, as was Vatican City in so far as space allowed. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans, displaced persons and others. As pope in 1971, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza into "Caritas Italiana".

Question: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to?
Answer: refugees
Law of the United States
Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism (actually tripartite because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenary sovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution. Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.

Question: The scope of federal power is not what?
Answer: universal
Jin Yong
Louis Cha Leung-yung {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (; 6 February 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong (), pronounced "Gum Yoong" in Cantonese, was a Chinese wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") novelist and essayist who co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper "Ming Pao" in 1959 and served as its first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong's most famous writer.
Beggars' Sect
The Beggars' Sect is a fictional martial arts sect featured prominently in works of "wuxia" fiction by writers such as Jin Yong, Gu Long and Wolong Sheng. The sect has also found its way into martial arts films such as "King of Beggars". The sect's members are mostly beggars as its name suggests, but some of them are from other walks of life. They are noticeable in public for their dress code and behaviour. The members adhere to a strict code of conduct and maintain the utmost respect for ranks and hierarchy. They uphold justice and help those in need through acts of chivalry. The Beggars' Sect is also one of the supporting pillars in the defence of Han Chinese society from foreign invaders. The sect has a wide network of communications and the members are reputed for their excellent information gathering skills. This is due to the sect's large size and the nature of its members, which allows them to blend into different parts of society easily.

Question: The Beggars' Sect is a fictional martial arts sect, featured prominently in works of "wuxia" fiction, by which writer, that's better known by his pen name Jin Yong?
Answer: Louis Cha Leung-yung
Antibiotic
Antibiotics have been used since ancient times. Many civilizations used topical application of mouldy bread, with many references to its beneficial effects arising from ancient Egypt, Nubia, China, Serbia, Greece, and Rome. The first person to directly document the use of moulds to treat infections was John Parkinson (1567–1650). Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century. Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) discovered modern day penicillin in 1928, the widespread use of which proved significantly beneficial during wartime. However, the effectiveness and easy access to antibiotics have also led to their overuse and some bacteria have evolved resistance to them. The World Health Organization has classified antimicrobial resistance as a widespread "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".

Question: What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
Answer: World Health Organization
Fleshburn
Fleshburn is a 1984 American thriller film written and directed by George Gage and starring Steve Kanaly, Karen Carlson and Sonny Landham.
Sonny Landham
William M. "Sonny" Landham (February 11, 1941 – August 17, 2017) was an American film actor and stunt man. He portrayed Billy Bear in "48 Hrs." and tracker Billy Sole in "Predator".

Question: Which American actor and stunt man starred in both "Predator" and "Fleshburn?"
Answer: Sonny Landham
King's Meaburn
King's Meaburn is a small village and civil parish in Cumbria. It is located 5 mi from Appleby-in-Westmorland and 10 mi from Penrith, in the valley of the River Lyvennet. The river flows just to the west of the village, and is crossed by a ford on the road to Newby and Morland.
Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith ( ) is a market town and civil parish in the county of Cumbria, England. It lies less than 3 mi outside the bounds of the Lake District National Park. Historically in Cumberland, Penrith's local authority is currently Eden District Council, which is based in the town. Penrith was formerly the seat of Penrith Urban and Rural District Councils. From 1974 to 2015, it was an unparished area with no town council of its own, but a civil parish was recreated in 2015, as Penrith Town Council. The first elections to the new council took place on 7 May 2015.

Question: What national park is King's Meaburn less than 13 miles from?
Answer: Lake District National Park
Elaine Ng
Elaine Ng Yi Lei (born 23 September 1973), sometimes credited as Elaine Wu, is a Hong Kong actress. She was the winner of Miss Asia in 1990.
Legal Entanglement
Legal Entanglement is a 2002 Hong Kong legal drama television series produced by TVB and starring Hacken Lee, Kenix Kwok, Michael Tse and Elaine Ng.

Question: Which cast member of Legal Entanglement was the winner of Miss Asia 1990?
Answer: Elaine Ng
Mission to Mars (attraction)
Mission to Mars was an attraction located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland and at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom. The attraction was adapted by Disney into a feature film in 2000.
Alien Pizza Planet
Alien Pizza Planet is a restaurant located in Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim, California in the United States. The Atomic Age-style restaurant opened as Redd Rockett's Pizza Port on May 22, 1998, the same day as Astro Orbitor, Honey, I Shrunk the Audience, and Rocket Rods, replacing the Mission to Mars attraction. Redd Rockett's closed and re-opened as Alien Pizza Planet on April 13, 2018, during Pixar Fest. 
Alien Pizza Planet
It is known for its Chicken Fusilli. It is across from the Starcade, and directly underneath Space Mountain. During Pixar Fest, it was updated to be Alien's Pizza Planet. That version however is still there today.

Question: Redd Rockett's Pizza Port is a restaurant located at Tomorrowland of Disneyland at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, it replaced the former Mission to Mars attraction, the attraction was adapted into a film by a Disney Studio production company, Touchstone Pictures, in which year?
Answer: 2000
North Carolina
Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the Civil War. Many farmers grew some tobacco, and the invention of the cigarette made the product especially popular. Winston-Salem is the birthplace of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1874 as one of 16 tobacco companies in the town. By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year. Today it is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria Group). RJR is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which in turn is 42% owned by British American Tobacco.

Question: Winston Salem is the headquarters of what tobacco Company?
Answer: R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Political corruption
Measuring corruption accurately is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. Few reliable measures of the magnitude of corruption exists and among those, there is a high level of heterogeneity. One of the most common ways to estimate corruption is through perception surveys. They have the advantage of good coverage, however, they do not measure corruption precisely. While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem. However, over time the refinement of methods and validation checks against objective indicators has meant that, while not perfect, many of these indicators are getting better at consistently and validly measuring the scale of corruption.

Question: What was the first index on corruption, in 1995?
Answer: the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI
Trollius
Trollius is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants closely related to "Ranunculus", in the family Ranunculaceae. The common name of some species is globeflower or globe flower. Native to the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of species in Asia, "Trollius" usually grow in heavy, wet clay soils.
Kunzea
Kunzea is a genus of plants in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to Australasia. They are shrubs, sometimes small trees and usually have small, crowded, rather aromatic leaves. The flowers are similar to those of plants in the genus "Leptospermum" but differ in having stamens that are longer than the petals. Most kunzeas are endemic to Western Australia but a few occur in eastern Australia and a few are found in New Zealand. The taxonomy of the genus is not settled and is complicated by the existence of a number of hybrids.

Question: Are Kunzea and Trollius both genera of plants?
Answer: yes
Peahi, Hawaii
Peʻahi ( ; ] ) is a place on the north shore of the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It has lent its name to a big wave surfing break, also known as Jaws.
Jeff Rowley
Jeff Rowley (born 6 April 1979) is a professional big wave surfer from Torquay, Victoria, Australia. On 4 January 2012, he was the first Australian to paddle into a 50-foot plus (15 metre) wave at Jaws Peahi, Hawaii. Rowley placed 4th in the world at the 2012 Billabong XXL Big Wave Awards.

Question: What's the name of the famous big wave break at Peahi, Hawaii, associated with Australian surer Jeff Rowley?
Answer: Jaws
Vinko Knežević
Vinko Knežević or Vincent Knesevich of Saint Helen ( , ); 30 November 1755 – 11 March 1832) was a Croatian nobleman and general in the Habsburg Monarchy imperial army service. He was a member of the Knežević noble family. During his long military career he fought in many battles during the Austro-Turkish War and the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1799 he led a hussar regiment at Cassano, the Trebbia and Novi. He commanded an infantry brigade at Marengo the following year and led Austrian Empire troops in the Tyrol in 1805 and at Graz in 1809. He served in various assignments on the Military Border from 1809 to 1812. From 1802 he lived on his estate Sveta Jelena ("Szent-Ilona" in Hungarian, named after Empress St. Helen) in former Zala County, modern-day Međimurje County in northern Croatia. By the end of Napoleonic Wars he retired from military service as a General der Kavallerie in 1815. He became Proprietor of a dragoon regiment in 1809 and held that office until his death in 1832.
County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. Originally a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of the Counts of Tyrol, it was inherited by the Counts of Gorizia in 1253 and finally fell to the Austrian House of Habsburg in 1363. In 1804 the Princely County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen, became a crown land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

Question: Vincent Knesevich de Szent-Helena had troops march into the County of Tyrol in 1805 but what year was it crowned land of Austria-Hungary?
Answer: 1867
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

Question: Who manages each FBI branch?
Answer: An executive assistant director
Malcolm Forbes
Malcolm Stevenson Forbes (August 19, 1919 – February 24, 1990) was an American entrepreneur most prominently known as the publisher of "Forbes" magazine, founded by his father B. C. Forbes. He was known as an avid promoter of capitalism and free market trade, and for an extravagant lifestyle, spending on parties, travel, and his collection of homes, yachts, aircraft, art, motorcycles, and Fabergé eggs.
Donald Aronow
Donald Joel Aronow (March 3, 1927 – February 3, 1987) was an American designer, builder and racer of the famous Magnum Marine, Cary, Cigarette, Donzi, and Formula speedboats. He built speedboats for the Shah of Iran, Charles Keating, Robert Vesco, Malcolm Forbes, and George H. W. Bush. Retired President Lyndon Johnson owned several 16 ft. Donzi speedboats on his Texas ranch with which he would race his Secret Service agents.

Question: Donald Joel Aronow designed speedboats for clients like which American entrepreneur known as the publisher of "Forbes" magazine? 
Answer: Malcolm Stevenson Forbes
In the Street (song)
"In the Street" is a song by the American rock band Big Star. It was written by Chris Bell and Alex Chilton. The song was featured on the 1972 album "#1 Record". The song was the B-side of their first single, "When My Baby's Beside Me." Lead vocals on "In the Street" were handled by Chris Bell.
Big Star
Big Star was an American rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1971 by Alex Chilton, Chris Bell, Jody Stephens, and Andy Hummel. The group broke up in early 1975, and reorganized with a new lineup 18 years later following a reunion concert at the University of Missouri. In its first era, the band's musical style drew on the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and the Byrds. Big Star produced a style that foreshadowed the alternative rock of the 1980s and 1990s. Before they broke up, Big Star created a "seminal body of work that never stopped inspiring succeeding generations", in the words of "Rolling Stone", as the "quintessential American power pop band", and "one of the most mythic and influential cult acts in all of rock & roll". Big Star's first album—1972's "#1 Record"—was met by enthusiastic reviews, but ineffective marketing by Stax Records, and limited distribution stunted its commercial success. Frustration took its toll on band relations: Bell left not long after the first record's commercial progress stalled, and Hummel left to finish his college education after a second album, "Radio City", was completed in December 1973. Like "#1 Record", "Radio City" received excellent reviews, but label issues again thwarted sales—Columbia Records, which had assumed control of the Stax catalog, likewise effectively vetoed its distribution.

Question: Where were the band formed who recorded the song, In the Street, for their 1972 album ?
Answer: Memphis, Tennessee,
Sue Barker
Susan Barker, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 19 April 1956 in Paignton, Devon) is an English television presenter and former professional tennis player. During her tennis career, she won fifteen WTA Tour singles titles, including one Grand Slam singles title at the 1976 French Open. She reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 3. She is now one of the main sports presenters at the BBC, most notably fronting the corporation’s coverage of Wimbledon and "A Question of Sport".
Roger Federer
Roger Federer (] ; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is ranked world No. 4 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles—the most in history for a male player—and has held the world No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a record total of 310 weeks (including a record 237 consecutive weeks) and was the year-end No. 1 five times, including four consecutive. Federer, who turned professional in 1998, was continuously ranked in the top 10 from October 2002 to November 2016.

Question: Who is older Roger Federer or Sue Barker ?
Answer: Susan Barker
Canadian football
Canadian football is also played at the bantam, high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in U Sports football for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame located in Hamilton, Ontario.

Question: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?
Answer: Canadian Football Hall of Fame
Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
The Volkswagen Karmann Ghia is a sports car marketed in 2+2 coupe (1955–1974) and 2+2 convertible (1957–1974) body styles by Volkswagen. Internally designated the Type 14, the Karmann Ghia combined the chassis and mechanicals of the Type 1 (Beetle) with styling by Italy's Carrozzeria Ghia and hand-built bodywork by German coachbuilding house Karmann.
Volkswagen Beetle
The Volkswagen Beetle—officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in German the (meaning "beetle"), in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug, and known by many other nicknames in other languages—is a two-door, rear-engine economy car, intended for five occupants (later, Beetles were restricted to four people in some countries), that was manufactured and marketed by German automaker Volkswagen (VW) from 1938 until 2003.

Question: Which car combined the mechanicals of a car by Luise Segre and another car known as the Bug?
Answer: Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
IPod
Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

Question: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?
Answer: FireWire
Infection
In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as "Mycobacterium leprae" and "Treponema pallidum" can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified using alternatives to growth in culture or animals. Some viruses may be grown in embryonated eggs. Another useful identification method is Xenodiagnosis, or the use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent. Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, "Trypanosoma cruzi" in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis. In this case, xenodiagnosis involves the use of the vector of the Chagas agent "T. cruzi", an uninfected triatomine bug, which takes a blood meal from a person suspected of having been infected. The bug is later inspected for growth of "T. cruzi" within its gut.

Question: What are live animals required by?
Answer: some microbes
Alloy
The term pewter covers a variety of alloys consisting primarily of tin. As a pure metal, tin is much too soft to use for most practical purposes. However, during the Bronze Age, tin was a rare metal in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, so it was often valued higher than gold. To make jewellery, cutlery, or other objects from tin, workers usually alloyed it with other metals to increase strength and hardness. These metals were typically lead, antimony, bismuth or copper. These solutes were sometimes added individually in varying amounts, or added together, making a wide variety of objects, ranging from practical items such as dishes, surgical tools, candlesticks or funnels, to decorative items like ear rings and hair clips.

Question: Why was tin was rarely used for everyday use?
Answer: too soft
Brockhampton (band)
BROCKHAMPTON (stylized in all caps) is an American alternative hip hop band founded as AliveSinceForever in San Marcos, Texas, United States, in 2010. In 2014, the band rebranded as Brockhampton. Led by Kevin Abstract and formed partially through the online forum "KanyeToThe", Brockhampton is a self-described boy band, so-called in an effort to redefine the term. "Complex" magazine describes the group as "gay, black, white, DIY, ambitious, all-inclusive, and would-be pop stars," and this diversity is what largely distinguishes their lyrics and sound. The group consists of vocalists Kevin Abstract, Matt Champion, Merlyn Wood, and Dom McLennon, vocalists/producers Joba, Bearface and Jabari Manwa and producers Romil Hemnani and Kiko Merley, as well as graphic designer Henock "HK" Sileshi, photographer Ashlan Grey, web designer Roberto Ontenient (who also features prominently in voice skits), and manager Jon Nunes.
Brockhampton (band)
The group released their first mixtape "All-American Trash" in 2016. Their debut studio album, "Saturation", was released on June 9, 2017, followed by "Saturation II" on August 25 and "Saturation III" on December 15. On March 30, 2018, Brockhampton announced that they had signed a record deal under the label 
Saturation (Brockhampton album)
Saturation (stylized in all caps) is the debut studio album by American rap collective Brockhampton, released on June 9, 2017. It's part of the "Saturation" trilogy, together with "Saturation II" and "III". It primarily features Brockhampton members Kevin Abstract, Merlyn Wood, Dom McLennon, Matt Champion, Russell "Joba" Boring, and former member Ameer Vann. Group member Bearface also contributes to the album's closing track. Production was primarily handled by Romil Hemnani and Q3—a production duo consisting of Jabari Manwa and Kiko Merley, with additional production contributions by Joba, Bearface, and Rome Gomez.

Question: What was the Internet forum which lead to the creation of a debut studio album by an American boyband containing Kevin Abstract, Ameer Vann, & Merlyn Wood?
Answer: KanyeToThe
Electoral history of George McGovern
George McGovern, a Democratic Party politician from South Dakota, was first elected to the United States House of Representatives to represent South Dakota's 1st congressional district in 1956. He was re-elected in 1958, before making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1960 against Republican incumbent Karl Earl Mundt. After serving in the John F. Kennedy administration as director of the Food for Peace program, McGovern ran again for the Senate and narrowly prevailed over appointed Senator Joseph H. Bottum. In 1968, McGovern unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party's presidential nomination at the Democratic National Convention and was re-elected to the Senate over former Governor of South Dakota Archie M. Gubbrud. In 1972, McGovern was successful in his campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, but lost the election in a landslide to incumbent President Richard Nixon. McGovern was re-elected to the Senate in 1974 over Vietnam War veteran Leo K. Thorsness, but lost re-election in 1980 to then-U.S. Representative James Abdnor. McGovern made a final unsuccessful run for president in 1984 United States presidential election.
Leo K. Thorsness
Leo Keith Thorsness (February 14, 1932 – May 2, 2017) was a Colonel in the United States Air Force who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Vietnam War. He was awarded the medal for an air engagement on April 19, 1967. He was shot down two weeks later and spent six years in captivity in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war. After his military service, Thorsness served one term in the Washington State Senate.

Question: Which Democratic Party politician from South Dakota was re-elected to the Senate in 1974 over a colonel in the United States Air Force who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Vietnam War?
Answer: George McGovern
Brasília
The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the atheist architect Oscar Niemeyer and the structural engineer . This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On May 31, 1970, the cathedral's structure was finished, and only the 70 m diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's and Cardozo's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. There is controversy as to what these columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent, some say they are two hands moving upwards to heaven, others associate it to the chalice Jesus used in the last supper and some claim it represent his crown of thorns. The cathedral was dedicated on May 31, 1970.

Question: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: concrete-framed hyperboloid
Capacitor
Electric double-layer capacitors (now supercapacitors) were invented in 1957 when H. Becker developed a "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes". He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors. Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent: "It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity."

Question: In what part of the capacitor did Becker believe the charge was being stored?
Answer: in the carbon pores
Pope John XXIII
On 10 May 1963, John XXIII received the Balzan Prize in private at the Vatican but deflected achievements of himself to the five popes of his lifetime, Pope Leo XIII to Pius XII. On 11 May, the Italian President Antonio Segni officially awarded Pope John XXIII with the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. While in the car en route to the official ceremony, he suffered great stomach pains but insisted on meeting with Segni to receive the award in the Quirinal Palace, refusing to do so within the Vatican. He stated that it would have been an insult to honour a pontiff on the remains of the crucified Saint Peter. It was the pope's last public appearance.

Question: When did John XXIII receive the Balzan Prize?
Answer: 10 May 1963
Lawton Chiles
Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr. (April 3, 1930 – December 12, 1998) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Florida. He served as a United States Senator from 1971 to 1989 and as the 41st Governor of Florida from 1991 to 1998.
Rhea Chiles
Rhea May Chiles (née Grafton; December 1, 1930 – November 8, 2015) was First Lady of Florida from 1991–98 during the tenure of her husband, Governor Lawton Chiles. In 2009, she was designated a Distinguished Floridian by the Florida Economics Club at an event hosted by former Florida Supreme Court Chief Justice Major B. Harding and keynoted by former United States Senator Sam Nunn.

Question: What state are both Lawton Chiles and Rhea Chiles from?
Answer: Florida
Edward Heath
Sir Edward Richard George Heath, (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath served 51 years as a Member of Parliament from 1950 to 2001. He was a strong supporter of the European Communities (EC) and to date was arguably the most pro-european Prime Minister in British history, and after winning the decisive vote in the House of Commons by 356 to 244, he led the negotiations that culminated in Britain's entry into the EC on 1 January 1973. It was, says biographer John Campbell, "Heath's finest hour". Although he planned to be an innovator as Prime Minister, his government foundered on economic difficulties, including high inflation and major strikes. He became an embittered critic of Margaret Thatcher, who supplanted him as party leader.
Edward Heath
Born the child of a carpenter and a maid, Heath was educated at a grammar school and became a leader in student politics at the University of Oxford. He served as an officer in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. He worked briefly in the Civil Service, but resigned in order to stand for Parliament, and was elected for Bexley in the 1950 general election. He was the Chief Whip from 1955 to 1959. Having entered the Cabinet as Minister of Labour in 1959, he was promoted to Lord Privy Seal and later became President of the Board of Trade. Heath was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965; he retained that position despite losing the 1966 general election. Heath became Prime Minister after winning the 1970 general election. In 1971 he oversaw the decimalisation of British coinage, and in 1972 he reformed Britain's system of local government, reducing the number of local authorities and creating a number of new metropolitan counties. He led the United Kingdom into the European Communities (which would later become the European Union) in 1973 as a member state and was later endorsed by the British people two and half years later in the first ever national referendum on continued membership in which he played a modest role in helping the “Yes” side to win the referendum who were in favour of continued membership however the UK would eventually leave the EU in 2020 some fourteen and half years after his death after a second referendum on the issue in 2016 resulted in the British people narrowly rejecting continued membership.
Declaration of Perth
The Declaration of Perth was a statement made by British Conservative Party leader Edward Heath on 18 May 1968, at the party conference in Perth, Scotland, which committed the party to supporting some form of Scottish devolution.

Question: What British Prime Minister committed the British Conservative Party to supporting Scottish devolution through the Declaration of Perth?
Answer: Edward Heath
The Blitz
Probably the most devastating attack occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was "Kampfgruppe" 100 which despatched 10 "pathfinder" He 111s. At 18:17, it released the first of 10,000 fire bombs, eventually amounting to 300 dropped per minute. Altogether, 130 German bombers destroyed the historical centre of London. Civilian casualties on London throughout the Blitz amounted to 28,556 killed, and 25,578 wounded. The "Luftwaffe" had dropped 18291 ST of bombs.

Question: How many civilians were killed in the bombing?
Answer: 28,556 killed
Ming–Tibet relations
Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and "fill once more the political vacuum in that country." On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that "the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists."

Question: Who's presence increased in Tibet?
Answer: the Mongols
Scott Adkins
Scott Edward Adkins (born 17 June 1976) is an English actor, producer, screenwriter, gymnast, and martial artist. He has played Russian prison fighter Yuri Boyka in the 2006 film "" and its two sequels, "" (2010) and "" (2016); Casey Bowman in the 2009 film "Ninja" and its 2013 sequel ""; and has appeared in "", "The Bourne Ultimatum" and "Zero Dark Thirty". He had starring roles in "Wolf Warrior" and "Ip Man 4", and a supporting role in "Doctor Strange" and "The Expendables 2".
Scott Adkins
Scott Edward Adkins was born in Sutton Coldfield, a town within Birmingham, England on 17 June 1976 into a family of butchers. He first became interested in martial arts at the age of ten, when he visited a local Judo club with his father and older brother. After being robbed at age 13, his interest in martial arts grew even more. That same year, he began to practice Taekwondo he has his red belt but never obtained his black belt. He has said some day he might go back to get it. Since the age of 16, Scott also started to practice Kickboxing with Anthony Jones, eventually becoming a kickboxing instructor for the Professional Karate Association (PKA). Scott Adkins also has experience in Ninjutsu, Krav Maga, Karate, Wushu, Jiujitsu, Muay Thai, Capoeira and Acrobatic Gymnastics.
The Bourne Ultimatum (film)
The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 American action-thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. "The Bourne Ultimatum" is the third installment in the "Jason Bourne" film series, being preceded by "The Bourne Identity" (2002) and "The Bourne Supremacy" (2004). The fourth film, "The Bourne Legacy", was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to "Ultimatum"), "Jason Bourne", was released in July 2016.

Question: Which of the movie which has Scott Adkins played a role is written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi?
Answer: The Bourne Ultimatum
Dutch language
Unlike other European nations, the Dutch chose not to follow a policy of language expansion amongst the indigenous peoples of their colonies. In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, a local elite gained proficiency in Dutch so as to meet the needs of expanding bureaucracy and business. Nevertheless, the Dutch government remained reluctant to teach Dutch on a large scale for fear of destabilising the colony. Dutch, the language of power, was supposed to remain in the hands of the leading elite.

Question: Towards the end of what century did it become important for more people in Dutch colonies to speak Dutch?
Answer: 19th
Top Gun
Top Gun is a 1986 American action drama film directed by Tony Scott, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr., and was inspired by an article titled "Top Guns" published in "California" magazine three years earlier. The film stars Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer, Anthony Edwards, and Tom Skerritt. Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell, a young naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer, Nick "Goose" Bradshaw (Edwards) are given the chance to train at the US Navy's Fighter Weapons School at Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California.
2013 in film
The following tables list films released in 2013. Three popular films ("Top Gun", "Jurassic Park", and "The Wizard of Oz") were re-released in 3D and IMAX.

Question: What 1986 American romantic military action drama film was re-released in 3D and IMAX in 2013?
Answer: Top Gun
H. H. Asquith
Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. He was the last prime minister to lead a majority Liberal government, and he played a central role in the design and passage of major liberal legislation and a reduction of the power of the House of Lords. In August 1914, Asquith took Great Britain and the British Empire into the First World War. In 1915, his government was vigorously attacked for a shortage of munitions and the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign. He formed a coalition government with other parties, but failed to satisfy critics. As a result, he was forced to resign in December 1916, and he never regained power.
H. H. Asquith
After attending Balliol College, Oxford, he became a successful barrister. In 1886 he was the Liberal candidate for East Fife, a seat he held for over thirty years. In 1892 he was appointed as Home Secretary in Gladstone's fourth ministry, remaining in the post until the Liberals lost the 1895 election. In the decade of opposition that followed Asquith became a major figure in the party, and when the Liberals regained power under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1906 Asquith was named Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1908 Asquith succeeded him as prime minister. The Liberals were determined to advance their reform agenda. An impediment to this was the House of Lords, which rejected the People's Budget of 1909. Meanwhile the South Africa Act 1909 passed. Asquith called an election for January 1910, and the Liberals won, though were reduced to a minority government. After another general election in December 1910 he gained passage of the Parliament Act 1911, allowing a bill three times passed by the Commons in consecutive sessions to be enacted regardless of the Lords. Asquith was less successful in dealing with Irish Home Rule. Repeated crises led to gun running and violence, verging on civil war.
The Promise (2010 play)
The Promise is a 2010 play by Ben Brown. It premiered from 17 February to 20 March 2010 at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond-upon-Thames. It is set early in World War I and deals with the lead-up to the Balfour Declaration of 1917, via the relationship between Herbert Samuel, Edwin Samuel Montagu and H. H. Asquith's confidante Venetia Stanley.

Question: What War was raging when H.H. Asquith was in office?
Answer: First World War
Presbyterianism
John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Catholic Church was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the "Solemn League and Covenant". The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.

Question: The church of Scotland was organized by this person, whats his name?
Answer: Andrew Melville
Alps
The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3400 m , and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991.

Question: What affects the climate in Europe? 
Answer: The altitude and size of the range
Pub
There was regulation of public drinking spaces in England from at least the 15th century. In 1496, under, Henry VII, an act was passed, "against vagabonds and beggers" (11 Hen. VII c2), that included a clause empowering two justices of the peace, "to rejecte and put awey comen ale-selling in tounes and places where they shall think convenyent, and to take suertie of the keepers of ale-houses in their gode behavyng by the discrecion of the seid justices, and in the same to be avysed and aggreed at the tyme of their sessions." More legislation was introduced in the following centuries, together with licence fees , which became an income stream for the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.

Question: In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?
Answer: ale
Tucson, Arizona
Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning "Arizona Daily Star". Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper "The Daily Territorial", while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes "Tucson Weekly" (an "alternative" publication), "Inside Tucson Business" and the "Explorer". TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. "Tucson Lifestyle Magazine", "Lovin' Life in Tucson", "DesertLeaf", and "Zócalo Magazine" are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The "Arizona Daily Wildcat" is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the "Aztec News" is the Pima Community College student newspaper. "Catholic Outlook" is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the "Arizona Jewish Post" is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.

Question: Where is 10/13 based?
Answer: Boulder, Colo.
Berea College
Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky. Founded in 1855, Berea College is distinctive among post-secondary institutions for providing free education to students and for having been the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. Berea College charges no tuition; every admitted student is provided the equivalent of a four-year scholarship.
Berea College
Berea offers bachelor's degrees in 32 majors. It has a full-participation work-study program in which students are required to work at least 10 hours per week in campus and service jobs in any of over 130 departments. Berea's primary service region is Southern Appalachia, but students come from 46 states in the United States and 58 other countries, with approximately one in three students an ethnic minority or from outside the U.S.
Wallace A. Battle
Wallace Aaron Battle (1872 – 1946) was an educational leader for African Americans in the Southern United States. He grew up on a cotton farm in Alabama with the other 12 children of Augustus and Jeanetta Battle, freed slaves. Battle graduated from Berea College in 1901. He helped found Okolona College in 1902. The diary he kept provides a source for his life's work.

Question: In which state is the college from which Wallace A. Battle graduated located?
Answer: Kentucky
Fifteen Million Merits
"Fifteen Million Merits" is the second episode of the first series of the British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror". It was written by the series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and his wife Konnie Huq and directed by Euros Lyn. It first aired on Channel 4 on 11 December 2011.
Daniel Kaluuya
Daniel Kaluuya (born February 24, 1989) is an English actor and writer. Kaluuya began his career as a teenager in improvisational theatre. He subsequently appeared in the first two seasons of the British television series "Skins", in which he co-wrote some of the episodes. Playing the lead role in "Sucker Punch" at the Royal Court Theatre in London, Kaluuya won rave reviews for his performance and he won both the Evening Standard Award and Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer.
Daniel Kaluuya
He gained further acclaim for his performance as Bingham "Bing" Madsen in the "Black Mirror" episode "Fifteen Million Merits". He then played Michael "Tealeaf" Fry in the BBC dark comedy series "Psychoville" and Michael "Mac" Armstrong in the BBC Three horror drama series "The Fades". Kaluuya appeared as Agent Colin Tucker in the 2011 film "Johnny English Reborn" and portrayed Black Death in the 2013 film "Kick-Ass 2". In 2015, he had a supporting role in Denis Villeneuve's film "Sicario". In 2018, he portrayed W'Kabi in Ryan Coogler’s blockbuster film "Black Panther" and appeared in Steve McQueen's heist film "Widows".

Question: Daniel Kaluuya (born 8 May 1989) is an English actor and writer, she played Bing in the "Black Mirror" episode "Fifteen Million Merits", is what number episode, of the first season of British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror"?
Answer: second
Mary, mother of Jesus
Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same. According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.

Question: In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?
Answer: 842