qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Northwestern University
The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital; Roswell Park, Class of 1876, prominent surgeon for whom the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York, is named; Daniel Hale Williams, Class of 1883, performed the first successful American open heart surgery; only black charter member of the American College of Surgeons, Charles Horace Mayo, Class of 1888, co-founder of Mayo Clinic; Carlos Montezuma, Class of 1889, one of the first Native Americans to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from any school, and founder of the Society of American Indians; Howard T. Ricketts, Class of 1897, who discovered bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and identified the cause and methods of transmission of rocky mountain spotted fever; Allen B. Kanavel, Class of 1899, founder, regent, and president of the American College of Surgeons, internationally recognized as the founder of modern hand and peripheral nerve surgery; Robert F. Furchgott, Class of 1940, recipient of a Lasker Award in 1996 and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his co-discovery of nitric oxide; Thomas E. Starzl, Class of 1952, who performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967 and received the National Medal of Science in 2004 and a Lasker Award in 2012; Joseph P. Kerwin, first physician in space, flew on the Skylab 2 mission and later served as director of Space and Life Sciences at NASA; C. Richard Schlegel, Class of 1972, developed the dominant patent for a vaccine against human papillomavirus (administered as Gardasil) to prevent cervical cancer; David J. Skorton, Class of 1974, cardiologist who became president of Cornell University in 2006; and Andrew E. Senyei, Class of 1979, inventor, venture capitalist, and entrepreneur, founder of biotech and genetics companies, and a university trustee.

Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the Roswell Park Cancer Institute named after?
Answer: Mary Harris Thompson
On the Origin of Species
Charles Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a hypothesis of transmutation of species in the 1790s, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published a more developed theory in 1809. Both envisaged that spontaneous generation produced simple forms of life that progressively developed greater complexity, adapting to the environment by inheriting changes in adults caused by use or disuse. This process was later called Lamarckism. Lamarck thought there was an inherent progressive tendency driving organisms continuously towards greater complexity, in parallel but separate lineages with no extinction. Geoffroy contended that embryonic development recapitulated transformations of organisms in past eras when the environment acted on embryos, and that animal structures were determined by a constant plan as demonstrated by homologies. Georges Cuvier strongly disputed such ideas, holding that unrelated, fixed species showed similarities that reflected a design for functional needs. His palæontological work in the 1790s had established the reality of extinction, which he explained by local catastrophes, followed by repopulation of the affected areas by other species.

Question: What is the process of adapting to the environment and inheriting changes through use or disuse called?
Answer: Lamarckism
Adolescence
Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and social media to seek out romantic relationships as they feel it is a safe place to try out dating and identity exploration. From these social media encounters, a further relationship may begin. Kissing, hand holding, and hugging signify satisfaction and commitment. Among young adolescents, "heavy" sexual activity, marked by genital stimulation, is often associated with violence, depression, and poor relationship quality. This effect does not hold true for sexual activity in late adolescence that takes place within a romantic relationship. Some research suggest that there are genetic causes of early sexual activity that are also risk factors for delinquency, suggesting that there is a group who are at risk for both early sexual activity and emotional distress. For older adolescents, though, sexual activity in the context of romantic relationships was actually correlated with lower levels of deviant behavior after controlling for genetic risks, as opposed to sex outside of a relationship (hook-ups).

Question: Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?
Answer: social media
Danny Watkins
Danny William Watkins (born November 6, 1984) is a former American football offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted fourth overall by the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League in the 2010 CFL Draft, but played out his last year at Baylor University, the 2010 season.
2010 Baylor Bears football team
The 2010 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Art Briles and played their home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas. They are members of the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They finished the season 7–6, 4–4 in Big 12 play and were invited to the Texas Bowl, their first bowl appearance since 1994, where they were defeated by Illinois 14–38. This season featured BU's first win over the University of Texas since 1997, and the first in Austin since 1991 (12 straight losses, the most recent 11 losses all by at least 21 points).

Question: What type of institution does Danny Watkins and 2010 Baylor Bears football team have in common?
Answer: University
Yale University
Milton Winternitz led the Yale School of Medicine as its dean from 1920 to 1935. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department and built numerous new buildings. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately, lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.

Question: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1920 to 1935?
Answer: Milton Winternitz
Immunology
Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "cellular" and "humoral" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism's "humors" rather than its cells.

Question: Humoral immunology theorized that the origin of the immune system lay in what?
Answer: soluble components (molecules)
Masud Ghnaim
Masud Ghnaim ( , Hebrew:מסעוד גנאים ; born 14 February 1965) is an Israeli Arab politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the United Arab List between 2009 and 2019.
Knesset
The Knesset (Hebrew:הַכְּנֶסֶת ] ( ) ; lit. "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral national legislature of Israel. As the legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister (although the latter is ceremonially appointed by the President), approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government. In addition, the Knesset elects the State Comptroller. It also has the power to waive the immunity of its members, remove the President and the State Comptroller from office, dissolve the government in a constructive vote of no confidence, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. The Prime Minister may also dissolve the Knesset. However, until an election is completed, the Knesset maintains authority in its current composition. The Knesset is located in Givat Ram, Western Jerusalem. The Knesset was elected on 2 March 2020.

Question: Masud Ghnaim is a member of the legislature of what country?
Answer: Israel
Battle of the Nudes (album)
Battle of the Nudes is the second solo album by Gordon Downie, lead singer of The Tragically Hip. It was released in 2003. Most of the tracks are recordings of songs written by Downie with heavy rock accompaniment.
Gord Downie
Gordon Edgar Downie {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (February 6, 1964 – October 17, 2017) was a Canadian rock singer-songwriter, musician, writer and activist. He was the lead singer and lyricist for the Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip, which he fronted from their formation in 1984 until his death in 2017. Downie is widely regarded as one of the most influential and popular artists in Canadian music history.
Gord Downie
In addition to his career with the Tragically Hip, Downie released five solo albums: "Coke Machine Glow" (2001), "Battle of the Nudes" (2003), "The Grand Bounce" (2010), "Secret Path" (2016), and "Introduce Yerself" (2017), and a collaboration with the Sadies, "And the Conquering Sun" (2014).

Question: What nationality is the lead singer of The Tragically Hip?
Answer: Canadian
Alfred North Whitehead
Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects, and that processes are best defined by their relations with other processes, thus rejecting the theory that reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another. Today Whitehead's philosophical works – particularly "Process and Reality" – are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy.

Question: What did Whitehead argue reality consists of?
Answer: processes
Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert (] ; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast oeuvre, including more than 600 secular vocal works (mainly lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large body of piano and chamber music. His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 ("Trout Quintet"), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 ("Unfinished Symphony"), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera "Fierrabras" (D. 796), the incidental music to the play "Rosamunde" (D. 797), and the song cycles "Die schöne Müllerin" (D. 795) and "Winterreise" (D. 911).
It's Only Love (film)
It's Only Love (German:Seine einzige Liebe) is a 1947 Austrian historical musical film directed by Emmerich Hanus and starring Franz Böheim, Klaramaria Skala and Walter Gynt. The film portrays the life of the composer Franz Schubert.

Question: It's Only Love, is a 1947 Austrian historical musical film, which portrays the life of which Austrian composer?
Answer: Franz Peter Schubert
Inspiral Carpets
Inspiral Carpets were an English rock band formed in Oldham in 1983. The band's most successful lineup featured frontman Tom Hingley, drummer Craig Gill, guitarist Graham Lambert, bassist Martyn Walsh and keyboardist Clint Boon.
Highlights (Tom Hingley and the Lovers album)
Highlights is the second album by Tom Hingley and the Lovers, who feature Inspiral Carpets singer Tom Hingley, Steve Hanley and Paul Hanley from Manchester garage band The Fall, Jason Brown and Kelly Wood. It was released in 2008.

Question: What English alternative rock band had a frontman who was featured in the 2008 album “Highlights”?
Answer: Inspiral Carpets
Premier League
The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. For the 2018–19 season average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181, second to the Bundesliga's 43,500, while aggregated attendance across all matches is the highest of any league at 14,508,981. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons as of 2019, only behind Spain's La Liga.

Question: Which league has the highest average attendance in professional football?
Answer: Bundesliga
Dog
In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows.

Question: The breed standard only is about what?
Answer: externally observable qualities
Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages in Europe as a whole correspond to the Trecento and Early Renaissance cultural periods in Italy. Northern Europe and Spain continued to use Gothic styles, which became increasingly elaborate in the 15th century, until almost the end of the period. International Gothic was a courtly style that reached much of Europe in the decades around 1400, producing masterpieces such as the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. All over Europe secular art continued to increase in quantity and quality, and in the 15th century the mercantile classes of Italy and Flanders became important patrons, commissioning small portraits of themselves in oils as well as a growing range of luxury items such as jewellery, ivory caskets, cassone chests, and maiolica pottery. These objects also included the Hispano-Moresque ware produced by mostly Mudéjar potters in Spain. Although royalty owned huge collections of plate, little survives except for the Royal Gold Cup. Italian silk manufacture developed, so that Western churches and elites no longer needed to rely on imports from Byzantium or the Islamic world. In France and Flanders tapestry weaving of sets like "The Lady and the Unicorn" became a major luxury industry.

Question: Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages?
Answer: Early Renaissance
Central African Republic
In September 1940, during the Second World War, pro-Gaullist French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari and General Leclerc established his headquarters for the Free French Forces in Bangui. In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly, becoming the first representative of the CAR in the French government. Boganda maintained a political stance against racism and the colonial regime but gradually became disheartened with the French political system and returned to CAR to establish the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa ("Mouvement pour l'évolution sociale de l'Afrique noire", MESAN) in 1950.

Question: What caused Boganda to leave his elected post?
Answer: disheartened with the French political system
Slovakia
Slovakia ( ; ] ( ) ), officially the Slovak Republic ( , ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the southwest, and Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.4 million and consists mostly of ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, and the second-largest city is Košice. The official language is Slovak.
Jenkovce
Jenkovce is a village and municipality in the Sobrance District in the Košice Region of east Slovakia.

Question: How wide is the country which has Jenkovce  as a village in the east side? 
Answer: 49000 km2
IPod
BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti and Volkswagen. Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

Question: What company was first to create a means of connecting the iPod to an automobile?
Answer: BMW
Clara Schumann
Clara Josephine Schumann (] ; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence over a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital from displays of virtuosity to programs of serious works. She also composed solo piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber music, choral pieces, and songs.
Clara Schumann
She grew up in Leipzig, where her father, Friedrich Wieck, was a professional pianist and teacher, and her mother an accomplished singer. She was a child prodigy, trained by her father. She began touring at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She married composer Robert Schumann, and the couple had eight children. Together, they encouraged Johannes Brahms and maintained a close relationship with him. She premiered many works by her husband and by Brahms in public.
Master Raro
Master Raro was a notable character that appeared in many of Robert Schumann's character pieces for solo piano. Raro may represent the union of (Clara + Robert). He was the personality that balanced the two contrasting natures of Eusebius (passive, dreamy) and Florestan (aggressive, enthusiastic). Master Raro was also the primary arbiter of the many pseudonyms under which Robert Schumann took guise in his critical writings within "Neue Zeitschrift für Musik", the journal through which he evaluated the music world. Raro appears to bring logic and reason into a complex mixture of views of the Davidsbündler. He reflects Schumann's writing mastery and musical genius.

Question: Whose works were encouraged and featured by the famous pianist who was married to composer Robert Schumann?
Answer: Johannes Brahms
Separation of church and state in the United States
"The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious liberty have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with anti-Catholicism or desire for a secular culture. Of course, separationists have opposed the Catholic Church when it has sought to tap into the public till to support its parochial schools or to argue for on-campus released time in the public schools. But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry"

Question: What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
Answer: supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent
Emma Roberts
Emma Rose Roberts (born February 10, 1991) is an American actress and singer. After making her film debut as Kristina Jung in the crime film "Blow" (2001), Roberts gained recognition for her lead role as Addie Singer on the Nickelodeon television series "Unfabulous" (2004–2007). She released her debut studio album "Unfabulous and More" in 2005. Roberts then appeared in numerous films, including "Aquamarine" (2006), "Nancy Drew" (2007), "Wild Child" (2008), "Hotel for Dogs" (2009), "Valentine's Day" (2010), "It's Kind of a Funny Story" (2010), and "The Art of Getting By" (2011).
Blow (film)
Blow is a 2001 American biographical crime film, directed by Ted Demme, about American cocaine smuggler George Jung. David McKenna and Nick Cassavetes adapted Bruce Porter's 1993 book "Blow: How a Small Town Boy Made $100 Million with the Medellín Cocaine Cartel and Lost It All" for the screenplay. It is based on the real-life stories of George Jung, Pablo Escobar, Carlos Lehder Rivas (portrayed in the film as Diego Delgado), and the Medellín Cartel. The film's title comes from a slang term for cocaine.

Question: What country of origin does Emma Roberts and Blow have in common?
Answer: American
Eric Hilton
Eric Michael Hilton (July 1, 1933 – December 10, 2016) was an American heir, hotelier, and philanthropist.
ESL Music
Eighteenth Street Lounge Music (ESL Music) is an independent record label based in Washington, D.C. founded by Rob Garza and Eric Hilton in 1996. The duo, as Thievery Corporation, heads the label's roster of artists.

Question: ESL Music was founded by Rob Garza and what American heir, hotelier, and philanthropist?
Answer: Eric Michael Hilton
Political corruption
In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting bureaucracy, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the cost of business, it also distorts the field of inquiry and action, shielding firms with connections from competition and thereby sustaining inefficient firms.

Question: Corruption raises the cost of business because of illegal payments in what sector?
Answer: private
Order of the British Empire
Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives.

Question: What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to?
Answer: positions in the order of precedence
2011 Major League Baseball season
The 2011 Major League Baseball season began on Thursday, March 31, and ended on Wednesday, September 28. This marked the first time a season began on a Thursday since 1976, and the first time a regular season ended on a Wednesday since 1990. The 82nd edition of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona, on July 12 with the National League defeating the American League for the second straight year, by a score of 5–1. As has been the case since 2003, the league winning that game has home field advantage in the World Series. Accordingly, the World Series began on October 19, and ended on October 28, with the St. Louis Cardinals winning in seven games over the Texas Rangers.
Chase Field
Chase Field, formerly Bank One Ballpark, is a baseball park located in Downtown Phoenix, Arizona. It is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. It opened in 1998, in time for the Diamondbacks' first game as an expansion team. Chase Field was the first stadium built in the United States with a retractable roof over a natural-grass playing surface, which was replaced by synthetic turf in 2019.

Question: Which Major League Baseball franchise held the 2011 All Star Game at their home stadium of Chase Field?
Answer: Arizona Diamondbacks
Philadelphia
Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other national historic sites include the homes of Edgar Allan Poe and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.

Question: Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
Answer: Independence National Historical Park
Midnight Cowboy
Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American buddy drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy. The film was written by Waldo Salt, directed by John Schlesinger, and stars Jon Voight and Dustin Hoffman, with notable smaller roles being filled by Sylvia Miles, John McGiver, Brenda Vaccaro, Bob Balaban, Jennifer Salt, and Barnard Hughes. Set in New York City, "Midnight Cowboy" depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naïve prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man "Ratso" Rizzo (Hoffman).
Midnight Cowboy
At the 42nd Academy Awards, the film won three awards: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. "Midnight Cowboy" is the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture. It has since been placed 36th on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time, and 43rd on its 2007 updated version.
The Groop (US band)
The Groop were a harmony-based psychedelic pop and soul vocal quartet from the USA, active at the end of the 1960s and releasing one self-titled album. Their song 'A Famous Myth' was included on the contemporary Midnight Cowboy film soundtrack.

Question: Which song from a self-titled album was featured in a 1965 film, starring Jon Voight and written by Waldo Salt?
Answer: 'A Famous Myth'
University of Kansas
KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965. The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations.

Question: What NASA program benefited from the use of decision science applications?
Answer: NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations
Alain Prost
Alain Marie Pascal Prost OBE (born 24 February 1955) is a retired French racing driver and a four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion. From 1987 until 2001 he held the record for most Grand Prix victories, and is considered as one of the greatest F1 drivers ever. Michael Schumacher surpassed Prost's total of 51 victories at the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix. In 1999, Prost received the World Sports Award of the Century in the motor sport category.
1993 British Grand Prix
The 1993 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 11 July 1993. It was the ninth race of the 1993 Formula One World Championship.
1993 British Grand Prix
The 59-lap race was won from pole position by Alain Prost, driving a Williams-Renault. It was Prost's sixth victory of the season and the 50th of his Formula One career. Michael Schumacher finished second in a Benetton-Ford, with teammate Riccardo Patrese third. This was the 2nd race of the season to be held in the United Kingdom after the 1993 European Grand Prix which had been held back in April of that year at Donington Park . It would be another 27 years before Britain would have two races on the calendar in a single season when Silverstone is slated to host both the British Grand Prix and the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix.

Question: The 1993 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Silverstone on 11 July 1993, the 59-lap race was won by which Williams French former racing driver, and four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion?
Answer: Alain Marie Pascal Prost
Hellenistic period
Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New siege engines were developed during this period. An unknown engineer developed the torsion-spring catapult (  360 BC ) and Dionysios of Alexandria designed a repeating ballista, the Polybolos. Preserved examples of ball projectiles range from . Demetrius Poliorcetes was notorious for the large siege engines employed in his campaigns, especially during the 12-month siege of Rhodes when he had Epimachos of Athens build a massive 160 ton siege tower named Helepolis, filled with artillery.

Question: How long was Demetrius Poliorcetes siege of Rhodes?
Answer: 12-month
International Finance Centre (Hong Kong)
The International Finance Centre, abbreviated as IFC (branded as "ifc") is a skyscraper and an integrated commercial development on the waterfront of Hong Kong’s Central District. 
Central Harbourfront
The Central Harbourfront is a waterfront site in Central, Hong Kong. It is the result of Central and Wan Chai Reclamation, and it sits to the east of ifc skyscraper.

Question: What is the full name of the ifc skyscraper that The Central Harbourfront is east of?
Answer: The International Finance Centre
Comcast
Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons; its customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. In addition, Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past, and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition which precludes any distinction between Comcast's private network services and the rest of the Internet. Critics also point out a lack of competition in the vast majority of Comcast's service area; there is limited competition among cable providers. Furthermore, given Comcast's negotiating power as a large ISP, some suspect that Comcast could leverage paid peering agreements to unfairly influence end-user connection speeds. Its ownership of both content production (in NBCUniversal) and content distribution (as an ISP) has raised antitrust concerns. These issues, in addition to others, led to Comcast being dubbed "The Worst Company in America" by "The Consumerist" in 2010 and 2014.

Question: What is the largest criticism leveled by consumers against Comcast
Answer: customer satisfaction
Edward Heath
Sir Edward Richard George Heath, (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath served 51 years as a Member of Parliament from 1950 to 2001. He was a strong supporter of the European Communities (EC) and to date was arguably the most pro-european Prime Minister in British history, and after winning the decisive vote in the House of Commons by 356 to 244, he led the negotiations that culminated in Britain's entry into the EC on 1 January 1973. It was, says biographer John Campbell, "Heath's finest hour". Although he planned to be an innovator as Prime Minister, his government foundered on economic difficulties, including high inflation and major strikes. He became an embittered critic of Margaret Thatcher, who supplanted him as party leader.
Edward Heath
Born the child of a carpenter and a maid, Heath was educated at a grammar school and became a leader in student politics at the University of Oxford. He served as an officer in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. He worked briefly in the Civil Service, but resigned in order to stand for Parliament, and was elected for Bexley in the 1950 general election. He was the Chief Whip from 1955 to 1959. Having entered the Cabinet as Minister of Labour in 1959, he was promoted to Lord Privy Seal and later became President of the Board of Trade. Heath was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965; he retained that position despite losing the 1966 general election. Heath became Prime Minister after winning the 1970 general election. In 1971 he oversaw the decimalisation of British coinage, and in 1972 he reformed Britain's system of local government, reducing the number of local authorities and creating a number of new metropolitan counties. He led the United Kingdom into the European Communities (which would later become the European Union) in 1973 as a member state and was later endorsed by the British people two and half years later in the first ever national referendum on continued membership in which he played a modest role in helping the “Yes” side to win the referendum who were in favour of continued membership however the UK would eventually leave the EU in 2020 some fourteen and half years after his death after a second referendum on the issue in 2016 resulted in the British people narrowly rejecting continued membership.
Wilberforce (cat)
Wilberforce was a cat who lived at 10 Downing Street between 1973 and May 18, 1986 and served under four British Prime Ministers: Edward Heath, Harold Wilson, Jim Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher. His chief function was to catch mice, in which role he was the successor to Peta. In life he had been referred to as "the best mouser in Britain", as befitted his role.

Question: What kind of animal served under Sir Edward Richard George Heath to catch mice?
Answer: cat
Burn the Floor
Burn the Floor is a live dance show which has performed around the world, including on Broadway in New York City and the West End in London. Since 1997, Burn the Floor has performed in over 130 countries worldwide. The show has also featured several alumni of various international versions of "Dancing with the Stars" and "So You Think You Can Dance".
Gorka Márquez
Gorka Márquez (born 4 September 1990) is a Spanish dancer and choreographer, best known for appearing on the live dance show, "Burn the Floor".

Question: Gorka Márquez appeared on the live dance show that has been in production since what year?
Answer: 1997
GQ
GQ (formerly Gentlemen's Quarterly) is an international monthly men's magazine based in New York City and founded in 1931. The publication focuses on fashion, style, and culture for men, though articles on food, movies, fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, and books are also featured.
The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans. Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, "The New Yorker" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally. It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copy editing, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.

Question: Which magazine is published by Condé Nast, GQ or The New Yorker?
Answer: The New Yorker
Anthony Dirrell
Anthony Dirrell (born October 14, 1984) is an American professional boxer. He was a two-time WBC super middleweight champion, having held the title in 2019 and previously from 2014 to 2015. He is the younger brother of 2004 Olympic bronze medalist Andre Dirrell, who is also a professional boxer.
Andre Dirrell
Andre Dirrell (born September 7, 1983) is an American professional boxer who held the IBF interim super middleweight title from 2017 to 2018. As an amateur, he won a bronze medal in the middleweight division at the 2004 Olympics. His younger brother Anthony Dirrell is also a professional boxer.

Question: Anthony Dirrell is the brother of which super-middleweight title holder?
Answer: Andre Dirrell
Shia LaBeouf
Shia Saide LaBeouf ( ; born June 11, 1986) is an American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker. He played Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series "Even Stevens", a role for which he received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003. He made his film debut in "The Christmas Path" (1998). In 2004, he made his directorial debut with the short film "Let's Love Hate" and later directed a short film titled "Maniac" (2011), starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi.
Man Down (film)
Man Down is a 2015 American war thriller drama film directed by Dito Montiel, written by Adam G. Simon, and starring Shia LaBeouf, Jai Courtney, Gary Oldman, Kate Mara, and Clifton Collins Jr. The film follows a Marine who returns from Afghanistan to find his hometown devastated, and his wife and son missing.

Question: Man Down stars an actor known among younger audiences for his role as what character in "Even Stevens"?
Answer: Louis Stevens
Tim Kaine
Timothy Michael Kaine ( , born February 26, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Virginia since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006 and 70th Governor of Virginia from 2006 to 2010. Kaine was the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2016 election as the running mate of Hillary Clinton.
2009 Virginia gubernatorial election
The Virginia gubernatorial election of 2009 took place in Virginia on November 3, 2009. The incumbent Governor, Democrat Tim Kaine, was not eligible to run due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution, though others in the state's executive branch were not restricted. (Virginia is the only state that prohibits a Governor from serving consecutive terms.) Republican Bob McDonnell was elected as Governor as part of a Republican sweep. Republican Bill Bolling was reelected as Lieutenant Governor, and Republican Ken Cuccinelli was elected as Attorney General. The winners were inaugurated on January 16, 2010, and were scheduled to serve until January 11, 2014.

Question: Who is the Senator from Virginia who was unable to run in the 2009 Virginia gubernatorial election due to term limits?
Answer: Tim Kaine
Albano Carrisi
Albano Antonio Carrisi (] ; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.
We'll Live It All Again
"We'll Live It All Again" was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976, performed in Italian and English by Al Bano & Romina Power. Along with 1984's "I treni di Tozeur", 1991's "Comme è ddoce 'o mare" and 2011's "Follia d'amore", this was the country's only ever entry not to be sung entirely in Italian, until their return in 2011. Bano and Power also recorded the song in Spanish and French, entitled "Viviremos todo de nuevo" and "T'aimer encore une fois" respectively. The latter was a chart hit in France. In 1982, they re-recorded "We'll Live It All Again" for their Spanish language album "Felicidad", then with new lyrics and retitled "Vivirlo otra vez".

Question: What Albanian citizen sings in both Italian and Spanish?
Answer: Albano Carrisi
The Dead Zone (film)
The Dead Zone is a 1983 American science fiction thriller film directed by David Cronenberg. The screenplay, by Jeffrey Boam, is based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Stephen King. The film stars Christopher Walken, Brooke Adams, Tom Skerritt, Herbert Lom, Martin Sheen, Anthony Zerbe and Colleen Dewhurst. Walken plays a schoolteacher, Johnny Smith, who awakens from a coma to find he has psychic powers. The film received positive reviews and became the basis for a television series of the same name in the early 2000s, starring Anthony Michael Hall.
Colleen Dewhurst
Colleen Rose Dewhurst (3 June 1924 – 22 August 1991) was a Canadian-American actress. She is known most for theatre roles, and for a while as "the Queen of Off-Broadway". In her autobiography, Dewhurst wrote: "I had moved so quickly from one Off-Broadway production to the next that I was known, at one point, as the 'Queen of Off-Broadway'. This title was not due to my brilliance, but, rather, because most of the plays I was in closed after a run of anywhere from one night to two weeks. I would then move immediately into another." She was a renowned interpreter of the works of Eugene O'Neill on the stage, and her career also encompassed film, early dramas on live television, and Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival. One of her last roles was playing Marilla Cuthbert in the Kevin Sullivan television adaptations of the "Anne of Green Gables" series, and her reprisal of the role in the subsequent TV series "Road to Avonlea" (marketed as "Avonlea" in the US). Dewhurst won two Tony Awards and four Emmy Awards for her stage and television work.

Question: What actress born in June 1924 starred in the 1983 American horror thriller The Dead Zone?
Answer: Colleen Dewhurst
Van Dick 73
Van Dick 73, also known as La vecindad de Teresa, is the street address of the famous low-income apartment complex ("vecindad") used in the 2010 telenovela "Teresa" starring Angelique Boyer. 
Angelique Boyer
Angelique Monique-Paulette Boyer Rousseau (born July 4, 1988), more commonly known as Angelique Boyer, is a French actress.

Question: Which French-Mexican actress starred in the 2010 telenovela "Teresa" that used Van Dick 73 in its movie?
Answer: Angelique Boyer
To Kill a Mockingbird
 When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.

Question: Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who?
Answer: fine folks
Al Despertar (album)
Al Despertar is a 1998 album by Mercedes Sosa. The album won the 1999 Premios Gardel in the folklore category. The album features the song written by Peteco Carabajal from Al Despertar (Mercedes Sosa song) which was nominated for Best Female Performance at the first ever Latin Grammy Awards of 2000.
Mercedes Sosa
Haydée Mercedes Sosa (] ; 9 July 1935 – 4 October 2009), sometimes known as La Negra (literally: "The Black One"), was an Argentine singer who was popular throughout Latin America and many countries outside the region. With her roots in Argentine folk music, Sosa became one of the preeminent exponents of nueva canción. She gave voice to songs written by many Latin American songwriters. Her music made people hail her as the "voice of the voiceless ones".
Mercedes Sosa
Sosa performed in venues such as the Lincoln Center in New York City, the Théâtre Mogador in Paris and the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, as well as sell-out shows in New York's Carnegie Hall and the Roman Colosseum during her final decade of life. Her career spanned four decades and she was the recipient of six Latin Grammy awards (2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011), including a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004 and two posthumous Latin Grammy Award for Best Folk Album in 2009 and 2011. She won the Premio Gardel in 2000, the main musical award in Argentina. She served as an ambassador for UNICEF.

Question: The artist who released the album "Al Despertar" is sometimes known as what?
Answer: La Negra
Andrew Scott (actor)
Andrew Scott (born 21 October 1976) is an Irish actor. He achieved widespread recognition for playing the role of Jim Moriarty in the BBC series "Sherlock", a role that earned him the BAFTA Television Award for Best Supporting Actor. Andrew Scott won further acclaim playing the title role of "Hamlet" in a 2017 production first staged at the Almeida Theatre, for which he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor. He is also known for playing the Priest on the second series of "Fleabag", receiving a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film and winning the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.
Nick Perry (writer)
Nick Perry is a British playwright and screenwriter. He is a graduate of the University of Hull and the National Film and Television School. His first play Arrivederci Millwall was produced by The Combination at The Albany Empire, Deptford in 1985 and jointly won the Samuel Beckett Award. "Smallholdings" was first performed at the Kings Head Theatre in 1986 and "The Vinegar Fly" at the Soho Poly in 1988. "Near Cricket St Thomas, 1919" was directed by Alan Ayckbourn at the McCarthy Theatre, Scarborough in 1997. "An Illustrated Talk" was performed at the Newtown Theatre, Sydney as part of the 2008 Short and Sweet festival.
Nick Perry (writer)
His first radio play "The Loop" was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in November 2009 and won a Sony Radio Academy bronze award. Andrew Scott was named Best Supporting Actor at the inaugural BBC Audio Drama awards in 2012 for his performance in Perry's radio play, "Referee".

Question: This actor starred in the BBC series "Sherlock" and was named Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for his performance in Nick Perry's radio play "Referee"?
Answer: Andrew Scott
Cowra breakout
The Cowra breakout occurred on 5 August 1944, when 1,104 Japanese prisoners of war attempted to escape from a prisoner of war camp near Cowra, in New South Wales, Australia. It was the largest prison escape of World War II, as well as one of the bloodiest. During the escape and ensuing manhunt, 4 Australian soldiers and 231 Japanese soldiers were killed. The remaining escapees were re-captured and imprisoned.
Hajime Toyoshima
Sergeant was a Japanese airman in World War II. His A6M Zero was the first of that type (after those recovered after the attack on Pearl Harbor) to be recovered relatively intact on Allied territory when he crash landed on Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Toyoshima was the first Japanese prisoner of war to be captured in Australia. While a prisoner of war, Toyoshima was one of the instigators of the breakout from the prisoner of war camp located in Cowra, New South Wales, Australia, sounding a bugle to signal the commencement of the escape, and died during the escape attempt.

Question: On what date did the breakout that Hajime Toyoshima helped instigate occur?
Answer: 5 August 1944