qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Shattered (1991 film)
Shattered is a 1991 American psychological thriller film starring Tom Berenger, Greta Scacchi, Bob Hoskins, Joanne Whalley and Corbin Bernsen. It was directed and written for the screen by Wolfgang Petersen, based on the novel by Richard Neely.
Joanne Whalley
Joanne Whalley (born 25 August 1961), credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer from 1988 to 1995, is an English actress who began her career in 1974 at the age of 12. She has appeared primarily on television, but also in nearly 30 feature films, including "Dance with a Stranger" (1985), "Willow" (1988), "Scandal" (1989), "Storyville" (1992) "The Secret Rapture" (1993) and "Mother's Boys" (1994). Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996.

Question: Who directed the film that starred Val Kilmer's former wife?
Answer: Wolfgang Petersen
Carnival
The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called "Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas" (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, "Taita Carnival" is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently, a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Andes in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong Afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

Question: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
Answer: bomba del chota
Theodore Wharton
Theodore Wharton (1875–1931) was an American film director, producer and writer. He directed 48 films in the 1910s and 1920s, including the 1915 "The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford" featuring Oliver Hardy.
Lewis Gilbert
Lewis Gilbert {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (6 March 1920 – 23 February 2018) was a British film director, producer and screenwriter, who directed more than 40 films during six decades; among them such varied titles as "Reach for the Sky" (1956), "Sink the Bismarck!" (1960), "Alfie" (1966), "Educating Rita" (1983) and "Shirley Valentine" (1989), as well as three James Bond films: "You Only Live Twice" (1967), "The Spy Who Loved Me" (1977) and "Moonraker" (1979).

Question: Lewis Gilbert and Theodore Wharton are both considered to be what?
Answer: film director
Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre
The Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre was a camp set up for receiving and training migrants to Australia during the post World War II immigration boom. The camp was set on 130 ha near Wodonga at the locality of Bonegilla in north east Victoria, between the Hume Dam and the city of Wodonga. The site was a former World War II Australian Army base, and is adjacent to the current Latchford Barracks. Before being requisitioned by the army, the site was originally a section of large pastoral land. The camp opened in 1947 and operated until 1971, over which period it received over 300,000 migrants. It is estimated that over 1.5 million Australians are descended from migrants who spent time at Bonegilla. Eric Bana's parents were both processed through Bonegilla. Other former residents include Karl Kruszelnicki, Franca Arena, Arvi Parbo, Les Murray and Raimond Gaita. 
Hume Dam
Hume Dam, formerly the Hume Weir, is a major dam across the Murray River downstream of its junction with the Mitta River in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Hume, formerly the Hume Reservoir. It is a gated concrete gravity dam with four earth embankments and twenty-nine vertical undershot gated concrete overflow spillways.

Question: In what year was the camp opened that is between the city of Wodonga and the dam across the Murray River downstream of its junction with the Mitta River?
Answer: 1947
Edward Avedisian
Edward Avedisian (June 15, 1936, Lowell, Massachusetts – August 17, 2007, Philmont, New York) was an American abstract painter who came into prominence during the 1960s. His work was initially associated with Color field painting and in the late 1960s with Lyrical Abstraction.
James P. Bagian
James Philip Bagian, MD, PE (born 22 February 1952), is an American physician, engineer, and former NASA astronaut of Armenian descent. During his career as an astronaut, he logged 337 hours of space-flight, over two missions, STS-29 (in 1989) and STS-40 (in 1991). After leaving NASA in 1995, Bagian was elected as a member of both the National Academy of Engineering and of the Institute of Medicine. Bagian is currently the Director of the Center for Healthcare Engineering and Patient Safety at the University of Michigan.

Question: Who logged more hours in space, James P. Bagian or Edward Avedisian
Answer: James Philip Bagian
The Grim Grotto
The Grim Grotto is the eleventh novel in the children's book series "A Series of Unfortunate Events" by Lemony Snicket.
A Series of Unfortunate Events
A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels written by American author Daniel Handler under the pen name Lemony Snicket. Although they are classified "children's novels", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other relatives. The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story.

Question: What is the real name of the author of "The Grim Grotto?"
Answer: Daniel Handler
Mikael Salomon
Mikael Salomon (born 24 February 1945) is a Danish cinematographer, director and producer of film and television. After a long cinematography career in Danish cinema, he transitioned to the Hollywood film industry in the late 1980s earning two Academy Award nominations. He is also a television director whose credits include dozens of series, films and miniseries including "Band of Brothers, Salem's Lot, Rome," and "The Andromeda Strain". His awards and nominations include a Primetime Emmy Award and a Directors Guild of America Award.
Lewis Seiler
Lewis Seiler (September 30, 1891 – January 8, 1963) was an American film director. He directed 88 films between 1923 and 1958. He was born in New York, New York and died in Hollywood, California.

Question: Which director is of Danish descent, Mikael Salomon or Lewis Seiler?
Answer: Mikael Salomon
Richard Donner
Richard Donner (born Richard Donald Schwartzberg, April 24, 1930) is an American director and producer of film and television and occasional comic-book writer. After directing the horror film "The Omen" (1976), Donner became famous for directing the first modern superhero film, "Superman" (1978), starring Christopher Reeve.
Percy Adlon
Paul Rudolf Parsifal "Percy" Adlon (] ; born 1 June 1935) is a German director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his film "Bagdad Café". He is associated with the New German Cinema movement.
Percy Adlon
Adlon was born in Munich. He grew up in Ammerland/Starnberger See. He studied art, theater history, and German literature at Munich's Ludwig-Maximilian University; took acting and singing classes; and was a member of the student theater group.

Question: Richard Donner and Percy Adlon, have which mutual occupations?
Answer: director and producer
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii. It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain region of islands and intervening seamounts, atolls, shallows, banks and reefs along a line trending southeast to northwest beneath the northern Pacific Ocean. The seamount chain, containing over 80 identified undersea volcanoes, stretches about 6200 km from the Aleutian Trench in the far northwest Pacific to the Loʻihi seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies about 35 km southeast of the Island of Hawaiʻi.
Oregonia bifurca
Oregonia bifurca, commonly known as the split-nose crab or the split-nose decorator crab, is a species of crabs belonging to the genus "Oregonia". It is a rare deep-water species that inhabits the tops of seamounts and guyots in the northeastern Pacific Ocean; from the Aleutian Islands, the Bering Sea, the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, to the waters off British Columbia. It is closely related to the more common shallow-water species "Oregonia gracilis", the graceful decorator crab.

Question: What is the common name for a crab that is found in the seamount chain that includes the islands of Hawaii?
Answer: split-nose crab
Philadelphia
Philadelphia had 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. An average of about 600 murders occurred each year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose to 406 by 2006, before dropping slightly to 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid decline in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, the city had 246 murders, which is a decrease of nearly 40% since 2006. In 2014, 248 homicides were committed. The homicide rate rose to 280 in 2015, then fell slightly to 277 in 2016, before rising again to 317 in 2017.

Question: How many murders occurred in 2013?
Answer: 246
Canadian Armed Forces
During this period, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War. In November 1940, the Canadian militia was formally renamed the Canadian Army. However, in the 1950s, Reserve Army forces were once again referred to as "Militia" in official documentation, and although rare, is still used to refer to part-time members.

Question: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
Answer: 1931
Flight (2012 film)
Flight is a 2012 American drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by John Gatins. It stars Denzel Washington as William "Whip" Whitaker Sr., an alcoholic airline pilot who miraculously crash-lands his plane after a mechanical failure, saving nearly everyone on board. Immediately following the crash, he is hailed a hero but an investigation soon leads to questions that put the captain in a different light.
Tamara Tunie
Tamara Tunie (born March 14, 1959) is an American film, stage, and television actress, director, and producer. She is best known for her roles as attorney Jessica Griffin on the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns" (1987-1995, 2000-2007, 2009), and as medical examiner Melinda Warner in the NBC police drama "" (2000-2019, briefly later).
Tamara Tunie
Tunie has appeared in a number of movies, including "Wall Street" (1987), "Rising Sun" (1993), "The Devil's Advocate" (1997), and "Flight" (2012). She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female nomination for her performance in the 2001 drama film "The Caveman's Valentine". In 2010, she made her directing debut with romantic comedy film "See You in September". Tunie also received Tony Award for Best Musical in 2007 for producing "Spring Awakening", and Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress in 2016 for "Familiar".

Question: What film did Tamara Tunie and Denzel Washington star in together in 2012?
Answer: Flight
Dennis Potter
Dennis Christopher George Potter (17 May 1935 – 7 June 1994) was an English television dramatist, screenwriter and journalist. He is best known for his BBC TV serials "Pennies from Heaven" (1978), "The Singing Detective" (1986), and the television plays "Blue Remembered Hills" (1979) and "Brimstone and Treacle" (1976). His television dramas mixed fantasy and reality, the personal and the social, and often used themes and images from popular culture. Potter is widely regarded as one of the most influential and innovative dramatists to have worked in British television.
Yves Bonnefoy
Yves Jean Bonnefoy (24 June 1923, Tours – 1 July 2016 Paris) was a French poet and art historian. He also published a number of translations, most notably the plays of William Shakespeare which are considered among the best in French. He was professor at the Collège de France from 1981 to 1993 and is the author of several works on art, art history, and artists including Miró and Giacometti, and a monograph on Paris-based Iranian artist Farhad Ostovani. "The Encyclopædia Britannica" states that Bonnefoy was ″perhaps the most important French poet of the latter half of the 20th century.″

Question: Were Yves Bonnefoy and Dennis Potter from the same country?
Answer: no
Julie Ege
Julie Ege (] ; 12 November 1943 – 29 April 2008) was a Norwegian actress and model, who appeared in many British films of the 1960s and 1970s.
Rentadick
Rentadick is a 1972 British comedy film, directed by Jim Clark and starring James Booth, Richard Briers, Julie Ege, Ronald Fraser and Donald Sinden. It is a spoof spy/detective picture, the plot of which involves attempts to protect a new experimental nerve gas.

Question: Which Norwegian actress and model starred in a 1972 British comedy film directed by Jim Clark?
Answer: Julie Ege
Richard's paradox
In logic, Richard's paradox is a semantical antinomy of set theory and natural language first described by the French mathematician Jules Richard in 1905. The paradox is ordinarily used to motivate the importance of distinguishing carefully between mathematics and metamathematics. 
Richard's paradox
Kurt Gödel specifically cites Richard's antinomy as a semantical analogue to his syntactical incompleteness result in the introductory section of "On Formally Undecidable Propositions in Principia Mathematica and Related Systems I". The paradox was also a motivation of the development of predicative mathematics.
Kurt Gödel
Kurt Friedrich Gödel ( ; ] ( ) ; April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was a logician, mathematician, and analytic philosopher. Considered along with Aristotle and Gottlob Frege to be one of the most significant logicians in history, Gödel had an immense effect upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when others such as Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, and David Hilbert were analyzing the use of logic and set theory to understand the foundations of mathematics pioneered by Georg Cantor.

Question: In logic, Richard's paradox is a semantical antinomy of set theory and natural language first described by the French mathematician Jules Richard in which year, Kurt Gödel specifically cites Richard's antinomy as a semantical analogue to his syntactical incompleteness result?
Answer: 1905
Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome includes the ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety "(pietas)" in maintaining good relations with the gods. The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists.

Question: How deities did the Romans have?
Answer: great number
Arena Football League
The first game in Arena Football League history was played on June 19, 1987, between the Gladiators and Commandos at Pittsburgh Civic Arena in front of 12,117 fans. The game was deliberately not televised so that it could be analyzed and any follies and failures would not be subject to national public scrutiny. Following the inaugural game, tweaks and adjustments were made, and the first season continued. The Dynamite and Bruisers played in the first-ever televised AFL game the next night, on June 20, 1987, at the Rosemont Horizon in suburban Chicago on ESPN with Bob Rathbun and Lee Corso calling the play-by-play. The broadcast showed a short clip of the Commandos-Gladiators game. Each team played six games, two against each other team. The top two teams, Denver and Pittsburgh, then competed in the first-ever AFL championship game, ArenaBowl I.

Question: At what venue did the first televised Arena Football League game occur?
Answer: the Rosemont Horizon
Queen Victoria
Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.

Question: What was president Bonapartes name changed to?
Answer: Emperor Napoleon III
Buckingham Palace
Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion persuaded the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Question: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
Answer: Windsor Castle
History of ancient Egypt
The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The pharaonic period, the period in which Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, is dated from the 32nd century BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified, until the country fell under Macedonian rule in 332 BC.
Military of ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the northern reaches of the Nile River in Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia. Its history occurred in a series of stable "kingdoms", separated by periods of relative instability known as "intermediate periods". Ancient Egypt reached its pinnacle during the New Kingdom, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in the late period, and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended in 31  BC when the early Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province. Although the Egyptian military forces in the Old and Middle kingdoms were well maintained, the new form that emerged in the New Kingdom showed the state becoming more organized to serve its needs.

Question: Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the northern reaches of the Nile River in Egypt, its history occurred in a series of stable "kingdoms", separated by periods of relative instability known as "intermediate periods", the history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest, in what year?
Answer: 30 BC
National Archives and Records Administration
Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in the National Archives Catalog. The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts. As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records. There are also 922,000 digital copies of already digitized materials.

Question: Archival descriptions include traditional paper holdings, electron records, and what?
Answer: artifacts
Fordell Castle
Fordell Castle is a restored 16th-century tower house, located 1.25 mi north-west of Dalgety Bay and 2 mi east of Dunfermline, in Fife, Scotland. Parts of the castle date from before 1566, though most dates from 1580 or later. The chapel was rebuilt in 1650. The interior of the castle was substantially renovated in the 1960s, with additional major renovations to the castle interiors and chapel in the early 2000s. The estate is in private ownership and not available for public tour.
Sir John Henderson, 5th Baronet
Sir John Henderson FRSE FSA (8 January 1752 – 12 December 1817), fifth of the Henderson baronets of Fordell, Fife, was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He trained as a lawyer and was also a competent antiquary.

Question: When was the residence of Scottish nobleman and politician Sir John Henderson FRSE FSA built?
Answer: 16th-century
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.

Question: What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously been a part of?
Answer: the Georgian SSR
Speed skating
Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".
Bae Ki-tae
Bae Ki-tae (Hangul: 배기태, Hanja: 裴基兌, born 3 May 1965 in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do) is a former speed skater from South Korea. In 1990, he became the first Korean speed-skater to win a senior championship, winning gold at the World Sprint Speed Skating Championships held in Tromsø, Norway. In addition, Kim participated in the World Allround Speed Skating Championships and won the 500 metres 3 times (1987, 1988 and 1990).

Question: Bae Ki-tae, is a former speed skater from which country?
Answer: South Korea
Law of the United States
Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise. Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations. Under the principle of "Chevron" deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.

Question: Why does Congress give generalized powers to federal agencies?
Answer: too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation
Muammar Gaddafi
Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently, moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. At school, Gaddafi was bullied for being a Bedouin, but was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at this school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend, Abdul Salam Jalloud.

Question: Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?
Answer: Abdul Salam Jalloud
Russian language
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent ( ) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: ("zamók" - "lock") – ("zámok" - "castle"), ("stóyashchy" - "worthwhile") – ("stoyáshchy" - "standing"), ("chudnó" - "this is odd") – ("chúdno" - "this is marvellous"), ("molodéts" - "well done!") – ("mólodets" - "fine young man"), ("uznáyu" - "I shall learn it") – ("uznayú" - "I recognize it"), ("otrezát" - "to be cutting") – ("otrézat" - "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like ("aféra", "scandal, affair"), ("gúru", "guru"), ("García"), ("Olésha"), ("Fermi"), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence, for example ("Tý syel pechenye?" - "Was it "you" who ate the cookie?") – ("Ty syél pechenye?" - "Did you "eat" the cookie?) – ("Ty syel pechénye?" "Was it the "cookie" you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.

Question: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian?
Answer: castle
Madonna
Following "Die Another Day", Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in "W" magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery and also traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, "American Life", which was based on her observations of American society. She explained that the record was "like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from "The Advocate" felt that ""American Life" is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the clip, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, "American Life" was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.

Question: What was Madonna's ninth album called?
Answer: American Life
History of science
Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand "how" the surface of the Earth had changed. The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period, as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes. Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages, and "fluvialists" like Andrew Crombie Ramsay argued that river valleys were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them. After the discovery of radioactivity, radiometric dating methods were developed, starting in the 20th century. Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it. Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation for a wide range of seemingly unrelated geological phenomena. Since 1970 it has served as the unifying principle in geology.

Question: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?
Answer: Louis Agassiz
Accidental Empires
Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make Their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date (1992, 1996), is a book written by Mark Stephens under the pen name Robert X. Cringely about the founding of the personal computer industry and the history of Silicon Valley. The style of the book is informal, and in the first chapter Cringley claims that he is not a historian but an explainer, and that "historians have a harder job because they can be faulted for what is left out; explainers like me can get away with printing only the juicy parts." Notably, the book was critical of Steve Jobs and Apple, as well as Bill Gates and Microsoft.
Robert X. Cringely
Robert X. Cringely is the pen name of both technology journalist Mark Stephens and a string of writers for a column in "InfoWorld", the one-time weekly computer trade newspaper published by IDG.

Question: how is Robert X. Cringely and Accidental Empires related?
Answer: Mark Stephens
Bunk'd
Bunk'd is an American comedy television series created by Pamela Eells O'Connell that premiered on Disney Channel on July 31, 2015. The series is a spinoff of "Jessie" and for the first three seasons includes returning stars Peyton List, Karan Brar, and Skai Jackson, as well as Miranda May who has starred over the series' entire run. In February 2020, the series was renewed for a fifth season.
Bunk'd
Emma, Ravi, and Zuri leave New York City and head off to Moose Rump, Maine, to spend the summer at Camp Kikiwaka, where their parents met as teenagers. The Ross children and their new friends try their best to adapt to their lives at the camp, which was founded by Jedediah Swearengen and is named after a legendary Bigfoot-like creature that lives in the nearby forest. The camp has a notorious reputation of staying open despite violating various health code and safety regulations.
Kevin Quinn (actor)
Kevin Gerard Quinn (born May 21, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his starring role as Xander in the Disney Channel original series "Bunk'd" (2015–2017), and his supporting role in the 2016 Disney Channel Original Movie "Adventures in Babysitting" (2016).

Question: Kevin Quinn starred in a Disney channel series which was a spinoff of what show?
Answer: Jessie
Marshall Point Light
Marshall Point Light Station is a lighthouse at the entrance of Port Clyde Harbor in Port Clyde, Maine. The light station was established in 1832.
Port Clyde, Maine
Port Clyde is the southernmost settlement on the St. George peninsula in central/coastal Maine and part of the town of St. George in Knox County, Maine, United States.

Question: Marshall Point Light Station is a lighthouse at a settlement that is located in which county ?
Answer: Knox County
Russell Williams (criminal)
David Russell Williams (born March 7, 1963) is a British-born Canadian convicted murderer and former colonel in the Canadian Forces. From July 2009 until his arrest in February 2010, Williams commanded CFB Trenton, Canada's largest military airbase and a hub for the country's foreign and domestic air transport operations. He was also a decorated military pilot who had flown Canadian Forces VIP aircraft for dignitaries such as Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip, and the Governor General and the Prime Minister of Canada.
Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder
Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder is a 2012 Canadian non-fiction book written by Lee Mellor and published by Dundurn Press. It documents the lives of sixty Canadian serial killers, with the earliest being Edward H. Rulloff and the most recent being Russell Williams. The book uses Katherine Ramsland's interpretation of what constitutes a serial killer—someone who has killed at least two people on two separate occasions, and who attempted to or likely would have killed again—as outlined in her 2007 book "The Human Predator". "Cold North Killer's" own definition of what constitutes a Canadian serial killer includes both Canadians who committed murder abroad (such as Keith Hunter Jesperson and Gordon Stewart Northcott) and non-Canadians who committed murder in Canada (like William Dean Christenson and Earle Nelson).
Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder
While bedridden with illness in 2009, Mellor occupied his time by writing a novel about an RCMP criminal profiler's hunt for a serial killer terrorizing Canada, but partway into the story, Mellor realized that he had very little knowledge of any actual Canadian serial killers beyond Clifford Olson, Paul Bernardo, Karla Homolka, and Robert Pickton. While looking up other cases, Mellor, inspired by both the lack of a single comprehensive source regarding serial murder in Canada and the high-profile arrest of Russell Williams in 2010, decided to abandon his original idea for a book in favor of new one, an encyclopedia about serial homicide in Canada.

Question: Which air transport operations hub was commanded by the most recent serial killer profiled in the book Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder?
Answer: CFB Trenton
Capacitor
If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes. A changing dielectric constant with frequency is referred to as dielectric dispersion, and is governed by dielectric relaxation processes, such as Debye relaxation. Under transient conditions, the displacement field can be expressed as (see electric susceptibility):

Question: Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage?
Answer: driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly
Jean-Philippe Rameau
Jean-Philippe Rameau (] ; (1683--)25 1683 – (1764--)12 1764 ) was one of the most important French composers and music theorists of the 18th century. He replaced Jean-Baptiste Lully as the dominant composer of French opera and is also considered the leading French composer for the harpsichord of his time, alongside François Couperin.
La princesse de Navarre
La princesse de Navarre ("The Princess of Navarre") is a "comédie-ballet" with music by Jean-Philippe Rameau and words by Voltaire, first performed on 23 February 1745 at La Grande Ecurie, Versailles.

Question: La princesse de Navarre had music by which French composer?
Answer: Jean-Philippe Rameau
Alan Coren
Alan Coren (27 June 1938 – 18 October 2007) was an English humourist, writer and satirist who was well known as a regular panellist on the BBC radio quiz "The News Quiz" and a team captain on BBC television's "Call My Bluff". Coren was also a journalist, and for almost a decade was the editor of "Punch" magazine.
The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin
The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin is a British comedy album parodying Ugandan dictator Idi Amin, released in 1975 on Transatlantic Records. It was performed by John Bird and written by Alan Coren, based on columns he wrote for "Punch" magazine.

Question: The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin was written by an English humourist well known as a team captain on what BBC television show?
Answer: Call My Bluff
North Carolina
North Carolina made the smallest per-capita contribution to the Revolutionary War of any state, as only 7,800 men joined the Continental Army under General George Washington; an additional 10,000 served in local militia units under such leaders as General Nathanael Greene. There was some military action, especially in 1780–81. Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains, into the Washington District (later known as Tennessee), but in 1789, following the Revolution, the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands. It ceded them to the national government so the Northwest Territory could be organized and managed nationally.

Question: What state made the smallest contribution to the revolutionary war of any state?
Answer: North Carolina
John, King of England
John's illness grew worse and by the time he reached Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, he was unable to travel any farther; he died on the night of 18/19 October. Numerous – probably fictitious – accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches". His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan. A new sarcophagus with an effigy was made for him in 1232, in which his remains now rest.

Question: Where was John buried?
Answer: Worcester Cathedral
The Reader (2008 film)
The Reader is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and written by David Hare, based on the 1995 German novel of the same name by Bernhard Schlink. It stars Kate Winslet, Ralph Fiennes, and David Kross. It was the last film for producers Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack, both of whom died prior to its release. Production began in Germany in September 2007, and the film opened in limited release on December 10, 2008.
Donna Gigliotti
Donna Gigliotti is an American film producer. She is best known for producing "Shakespeare in Love" with David Parfitt, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick and Marc Norman. She also produced "Silver Linings Playbook" and "The Reader". 
Donna Gigliotti
Gigliotti started her professional career as an assistant to Martin Scorsese on the film "Raging Bull". During the 1990s Gigliotti worked as an executive-producer on several films including "Emma", "Talk of Angels" and "Devil in a Blue Dress".

Question: Donna Gigliotti is an American film producer who produced a 2008 German-American romantic drama film that was written by David Hare and directed by who?
Answer: Stephen Daldry
Thompson submachine gun
The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun first invented by John T. Thompson in 1918 during World War I and became infamous during the Prohibition era, being a signature weapon of various organized crime syndicates in the United States. It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals. The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the "Tommy Gun", "Street Sweeper" ,"Annihilator", "Chicago Typewriter", “Trench Broom”, "Chicago Submachine", "Chicago Piano", "Chicago Style", "Chicago Organ Grinder", "Drum Gun", "the Chopper", and simply "the Thompson".
Thompson submachine gun
The Thompson was favored by soldiers, criminals, police, FBI, and civilians alike for its fully automatic fire, while still being relatively lightweight, portable and easy to use. It has since gained popularity among civilian collectors for its historical significance. It has considerable significance in popular culture, especially in works about the Prohibition era and World War II, and is one of the most well known and recognised firearms in history. The original fully automatic Thompsons are no longer produced, but numerous semi-automatic civilian versions are still being manufactured by Auto-Ordnance. These retain a similar appearance to the original models, but they have various modifications in order to comply with US firearm laws. 
Auto-Ordnance Company
Auto-Ordnance is a U.S. arms development firm founded by retired Colonel John T. Thompson of the U.S. Army Ordnance Department in 1916. Auto-Ordnance is best known for the Thompson submachine gun, notorious as a gangster weapon of the Roaring Twenties and famous as a military weapon of the Allied forces in World War II.

Question: Who founded a U.S. arms development firm that is best known for an American submachine gun, invented by John T. Thompson in 1918, that became infamous during the Prohibition era?
Answer: Colonel John T. Thompson
Newsies (musical)
Newsies The Musical is a musical based on the 1992 musical film "Newsies", which in turn was inspired by the real-life Newsboys Strike of 1899 in New York City. The show has music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Jack Feldman, and a book by Harvey Fierstein based on film's screenplay by Bob Tzudiker and Noni White. The musical premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 2011 and made its Broadway debut in 2012, where it played for more than 1,000 performances before touring.
Mike Faist
Michael D. Faist (born January 5, 1992) is an American actor, best known for originating the role of Connor Murphy in the Broadway musical "Dear Evan Hansen", a performance for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Faist also originated the role of Morris Delancey in Disney's "Newsies".

Question: The musical that features the character Morris Delancey takes place in what city?
Answer: New York City
The Housemaid (2010 film)
The Housemaid () is a 2010 South Korean melodramatic erotic thriller film directed by Im Sang-soo. The story focuses on Eun-yi, played by Jeon Do-yeon, who becomes involved in a destructive love triangle while working as a housemaid for an upper-class family. Other cast members include Lee Jung-jae, Seo Woo and Youn Yuh-jung. The film is a remake of Kim Ki-young's 1960 film of the same name. It competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.
The Housemaid (1960 film)
The Housemaid (하녀, "Hanyeo") is a 1960 black-and-white South Korean film. It was directed by Kim Ki-young and starred Lee Eun-shim, Ju Jeung-nyeo and Kim Jin-kyu. It has been described in Koreanfilm.org as a "consensus pick as one of the top three Korean films of all time". This was the first film in Kim's "Housemaid" trilogy followed by "Woman of Fire" and "Woman of Fire '82". The film was remade in 2010 by director Im Sang-soo.

Question: The Housemaid was a remake of the South Korean film from 1960 directed by whom?
Answer: Kim Ki-young
Late Middle Ages
Certain technological inventions of the period – whether of Arab or Chinese origin, or unique European innovations – were to have great influence on political and social developments, in particular gunpowder, the printing press and the compass. The introduction of gunpowder to the field of battle affected not only military organisation, but helped advance the nation state. Gutenberg's movable type printing press made possible not only the Reformation, but also a dissemination of knowledge that would lead to a gradually more egalitarian society. The compass, along with other innovations such as the cross-staff, the mariner's astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding, enabled the navigation of the World Oceans, and the early phases of colonialism. Other inventions had a greater impact on everyday life, such as eyeglasses and the weight-driven clock.

Question: Advances in what construction trade helped to increase global navigation?
Answer: shipbuilding
John Wain
John Barrington Wain CBE (14 March 1925 – 24 May 1994) was an English poet, novelist, and critic, associated with the literary group known as "The Movement". He worked for most of his life as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio.
Mercè Rodoreda
Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí (] ; 10 October 1908 – 13 April 1983) was a Catalan novelist.

Question: What was the common occupation of Mercè Rodoreda and John Wain?
Answer: novelist
Ian Maxtone-Graham
Ian Howes Maxtone-Graham (born July 3, 1959) is an American television writer and producer. He has formerly written for "Saturday Night Live" (1992–1995) and "The Simpsons" (1995–2012), as well as serving as a co-executive producer and consulting producer for the latter.
Burns, Baby Burns
"Burns, Baby Burns" is the fourth episode of "The Simpsons"' eighth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 17, 1996. In the episode, Mr. Burns reunites with his long-lost son Larry. At first they get along well, but Mr. Burns soon realizes that his son is an oaf. The episode was directed by Jim Reardon and is the first one written by Ian Maxtone-Graham. It guest starred Rodney Dangerfield as Larry Burns.

Question: Which "Saturday Night Live" writer wrote an eighth season episode for "The Simpsons"?
Answer: Ian Maxtone-Graham
2008 Sichuan earthquake
The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. However, the Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse. About 2,000 troops have been allocated to Zipingpu, trying to release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.

Question: How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?
Answer: 20 km east
Abby Mavers
Abby Imogen Mavers (born 20 April 1990 in Liverpool) is an English actress. She played Dynasty Barry in the BBC drama series, "Waterloo Road" from 2013 until 2014. 
Abby Mavers
She is the daughter of actor Gary Mavers, who recently appeared as Gordon Livesy in Emmerdale, and the niece of musician Lee Mavers, frontman of The La's. Mavers was in a relationship with her Waterloo Road co-star Tommy Knight for several years.
Emmerdale
Emmerdale (known as Emmerdale Farm until 1989) is a British soap opera set in Emmerdale (known as Beckindale until 1994), a fictional village in the Yorkshire Dales. Created by Kevin Laffan, "Emmerdale Farm" was first broadcast on 16 October 1972. Interior scenes have been filmed at The Leeds Studios since its inception. Exterior scenes were first filmed in Arncliffe in Littondale, and the series may have taken its name from Amerdale, an ancient name of Littondale. Exterior scenes were later shot at Esholt, but are now shot at a purpose built set on the Harewood estate. The programme is broadcast in every ITV region.

Question: in which UK city is the long-running British soap opera in which Abby Mavers' farther appears as Gordon Livesy filmed?
Answer: Leeds
Phonograph record
Breakage was very common in the shellac era. In the 1934 John O'Hara novel, "Appointment in Samarra", the protagonist "broke one of his most favorites, Whiteman's "Lady of the Evening" ... He wanted to cry but could not." A poignant moment in J. D. Salinger's 1951 novel "The Catcher in the Rye" occurs after the adolescent protagonist buys a record for his younger sister but drops it and "it broke into pieces ... I damn-near cried, it made me feel so terrible." A sequence where a school teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed by a group of rebellious students is a key moment in the film "Blackboard Jungle".

Question: What was a known issue of using shellac to make records?
Answer: Breakage was very common