qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Qing dynasty
Perhaps the most important factor in the development of the second commercial revolution was the mass influx of silver that entered into the country from foreign trade. After the Spanish conquered the Philippines in the 1570s they mined for silver around the New World, greatly expanding the circulating supply of silver. Foreign trade stimulated the ubiquity of the silver standard, after the re-opening of the southeast coast, which had been closed in the late 17th century, foreign trade was quickly re-established, and was expanding at 4% per annum throughout the latter part of the 18th century. China continued to export tea, silk and manufactures, creating a large, favorable trade balance with the West. The resulting inflow of silver expanded the money supply, facilitating the growth of competitive and stable markets. During the mid-Ming China had gradually shifted to silver as the standard currency for large scale transactions and by the late Kangxi reign the assessment and collection of the land tax was done in silver. By standardizing the collection of the land tax in silver, landlords followed suit and began only accepting rent payments in silver rather than in crops themselves, which in turn incentivized farmers to produce crops for sale in local and national markets rather than for their own personal consumption or barter. Unlike the copper coins, "qian" or cash, used mainly for smaller peasant transactions, silver was not properly minted into a coin but rather was traded in designated units of weight: the "liang" or "tael", which equaled roughly 1.3 ounces of silver. Since it was never properly minted, a third-party had to be brought in to assess the weight and purity of the silver, resulting in an extra "meltage fee" added on to the price of transaction. Furthermore, since the "meltage fee" was unregulated until the reign of the Yongzheng emperor it was the source of much corruption at each level of the bureaucracy. The Yongzheng emperor cracked down on the corrupt "meltage fees," legalizing and regulating them so that they could be collected as a tax, "returning meltage fees to the public coffer." From this newly increased public coffer, the Yongzheng emperor increased the salaries of the officials who collected them, further legitimizing silver as the standard currency of the Qing economy.

Question: What did the Chinese get paid for their goods?
Answer: silver
Boulder City Municipal Airport
Boulder City Municipal Airport ( ) is a public use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) southwest of the central business district of Boulder City, in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Boulder City Municipality.
Arnold Palmer Regional Airport
Arnold Palmer Regional Airport ( ) is in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, two miles (3 km) southwest of Latrobe and about 33 mi southeast of Pittsburgh. It was formerly "Westmoreland County Airport"; it was renamed in September 1999 for Arnold Palmer as part of his 70th birthday celebration. Palmer learned to fly at the airport and the dedication ceremony included Governor Tom Ridge and a flyover of three A-10s of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard.

Question: Are Boulder City Municipal Airport and Arnold Palmer Regional Airport in the same state?
Answer: no
Lucent
Lucent Technologies, Inc., was an American multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Murray Hill, New Jersey, in the United States. It was established on September 30, 1996, through the divestiture of the former AT&T Technologies business unit of AT&T Corporation, which included Western Electric and Bell Labs.
Don Peterson
Donald K. Peterson is an American executive. Creator and former CEO of Avaya, he was formerly the CFO of Lucent.

Question: Donald K. Peterson was the former CFO of a multinational telecommunications equipment company headquartered in what state?
Answer: New Jersey
Super Nintendo Entertainment System
All versions of the Super NES are predominantly gray, of slightly different shades. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever. The loading bay surface is curved, both to invite interaction and to prevent food or drinks from being placed on the console and spilling as had happened with the flat surfaced NES. The Japanese and European versions are more rounded, with darker gray accents and buttons. The North American New-style Super NES (model SNS-101) and the Japanese Super Famicom Jr. (model SHVC-101), all designed by Barr, are both smaller with a rounded contour; however, the SNS-101 buttons are purple where the Super Famicom Jr. buttons are gray. The European and American versions of the SNES controllers have much longer cables compared to the Japanese Super Famicom controllers.

Question: Who designed the North American SNES?
Answer: Lance Barr
Translation
When a document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel "The Saragossa Manuscript" by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation, made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy that has since been lost. French-language versions of the complete "Saragossa Manuscript" have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki's Polish version.

Question: What language was The Saragossa Manuscript originally written in?
Answer: French
Columbia University
Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence, seven of which belong to the Ivy League.
Charles Scriver
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Scriver graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1951 and from the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University in 1955. He was appointed to the Department of Paediatrics at McGill and as a Markle scholar in 1961, becoming a professor in pediatrics in 1969. He was the Samuel Rudin Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Columbia University from 1979 to 1980. He is the Alva professor Emeritus of Human Genetics in the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University. In 2010 he was awarded the prestigious Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research.

Question: What, established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City, was the Alva professor Emeritus of Human Genetics in the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University awarded the prestigious Pollin Prize for Pediatric Research?
Answer: Columbia University
1991 Grand National
The 1991 Grand National (known as the Seagram Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 145th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 6 April 1991.
Seagram
Seagram Company Ltd. (formerly traded as Seagram's) was a Canadian multinational conglomerate formerly headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. Originally a distiller of Canadian whisky based in Waterloo, Ontario, it was once (in the 1990s) the largest owner of alcoholic beverage lines in the world.
Seagram
Toward the end of its independent existence, it also controlled various entertainment and other business ventures, with its purchase of MCA Inc., whose assets included Universal Studios and its theme parks, financed through the sale of Seagram's 25% holding of chemical company DuPont, a position it acquired in 1981. Following this, the company imploded, with its beverage assets wholesaled off to various industry titans, notably The Coca-Cola Company, Diageo, and Pernod Ricard. Universal's television holdings were sold to media entrepreneur Barry Diller, and the balance of the Universal entertainment empire and what was Seagram was sold to French conglomerate Vivendi in 2000.

Question: The 1991 Grand National race was sponsored bya company headquartered in what city?
Answer: Montreal
Mosaic
The Monreale mosaics constitute the largest decoration of this kind in Italy, covering 0,75 hectares with at least 100 million glass and stone tesserae. This huge work was executed between 1176 and 1186 by the order of King William II of Sicily. The iconography of the mosaics in the presbytery is similar to Cefalu while the pictures in the nave are almost the same as the narrative scenes in the Cappella Palatina. The Martorana mosaic of Roger II blessed by Christ was repeated with the figure of King William II instead of his predecessor. Another panel shows the king offering the model of the cathedral to the Theotokos.

Question: What is the name of the largest mosaics in Italy?
Answer: The Monreale mosaics
Alaska
Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system (known as the Alaska Marine Highway) serves the cities of southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula. The ferries transport vehicles as well as passengers. The system also operates a ferry service from Bellingham, Washington and Prince Rupert, British Columbia, in Canada through the Inside Passage to Skagway. The Inter-Island Ferry Authority also serves as an important marine link for many communities in the Prince of Wales Island region of Southeast and works in concert with the Alaska Marine Highway.

Question: Which areas does the Alaska Marine Highway serve?
Answer: southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula
Grundy NewBrain
The Grundy NewBrain was a microcomputer sold in the early 1980s by Grundy Business Systems Ltd of Teddington and Cambridge, England.
Mark-8
The Mark-8 is a microcomputer design from 1974, based on the Intel 8008 CPU (which was the world's first 8-bit microprocessor). The Mark-8 was designed by graduate student Jonathan Titus and announced as a 'loose kit' in the July 1974 issue of "Radio-Electronics" magazine.

Question: Which microcomputer was created first, the Grundy NewBrain or Mark-8?
Answer: Mark-8
Atlantic City, New Jersey
The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for president and Hubert Humphrey as vice president. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.

Question: Despite being in the midst of a long period of economic decline many felt that the Convention was only held in Atlantic city because of a friendship between what two men?
Answer: Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes
Biodiversity
Jared Diamond describes an "Evil Quartet" of habitat destruction, overkill, introduced species and secondary extinctions. Edward O. Wilson prefers the acronym HIPPO, standing for Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Pollution, human over-Population and Over-harvesting. The most authoritative classification in use today is IUCN's Classification of Direct Threats which has been adopted by major international conservation organizations such as the US Nature Conservancy, the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International and BirdLife International.

Question: What describes habitat destruction, overkill, introduced species, and secondary extinctions?
Answer: Evil Quartet
Shyam Benegal
Shyam Benegal (born 14 December 1934) is an Indian director and screenwriter. With his first four feature films "Ankur" (1973), "Nishant" (1975), "Manthan" (1976) and "" (1977) he was part of a new genre, which has now come to be called the "middle cinema" in India. He has expressed dislike of the term, preferring his work to be called New or Alternate cinema. Benegal was awarded the Padma Shri in 1976 and the Padma Bhushan in 1991. On 8 August 2007, Benegal was awarded the highest award in Indian cinema for lifetime achievement, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2005. He has won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi seven times. He was awarded the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2018 Mumbai International Film Festival.
Maurice Tourneur
Maurice "Tourneur" Félix Thomas (] , ] ; 2 February 1876 – 4 August 1961) was a French film director and screenwriter.

Question: Who was a French film director and screenwriter, Shyam Benegal or Maurice Tourneur ?
Answer: Maurice Tourneur
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999 film)
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1999 romantic comedy fantasy film based on the play "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespeare. It was directed by Michael Hoffman. The ensemble cast features Kevin Kline as Bottom, Michelle Pfeiffer and Rupert Everett as Titania and Oberon, Stanley Tucci as Puck, and Calista Flockhart, Anna Friel, Christian Bale, and Dominic West as the four lovers.
Christian Bale filmography
British actor Christian Bale has starred in various movies. Bale's role in "Empire of the Sun", as a young boy interned in China by the Japanese, received praise from most film critics. Two years later, Bale had a minor role in "Henry V", a drama film based on William Shakespeare's play "The Life of Henry the Fifth". It has been considered one of the best Shakespeare film adaptations ever made. In 1992, Bale starred as Jack Kelly in the Walt Disney musical drama "Newsies", which was a critical and commercial failure; however, it gained a cult following. He received a role in the 1994 drama "Little Women", which garnered positive reviews. Bale lent his voice for the Disney animated film "Pocahontas" in 1995; it received a mixed reception, but attained box office success. He starred as British journalist Arthur Stuart in the Todd Haynes-directed drama "Velvet Goldmine" (1998). Although critics were divided on the film, Bale's role was "eagerly anticipated". Bale portrayed Demetrius in the critically praised 1999 film "A Midsummer Night's Dream", an adaptation of Shakespeare's play of the same name, directed by Michael Hoffman. The same year, he portrayed Jesus of Nazareth in the television movie "Mary, Mother of Jesus".

Question: Which character did British actor Christian Bale play in the 1999 film A Midsummer Night's Dream?
Answer: Demetrius
New French Extremity
New French Extremity (New French Extremism or, informally, New French Extreme) is a term coined by "Artforum" critic James Quandt for a collection of transgressive films by French directors at the turn of the 21st century. The filmmakers are also discussed by Jonathan Romney of "The Independent".
In My Skin
In My Skin (French: "Dans ma peau") is a 2002 New French Extremity horror film written by, directed by, and starring Marina de Van. It details the downward mental spiral of Esther, a woman (played by de Van) who engages in increasingly destructive acts of self-mutilation following an accident that injures her leg at a party.

Question: In My Skin, is a 2002 New French Extremity film written by, directed by, and starring who?
Answer: Marina de Van
Th. Emil Homerin
Thomas Emil Homerin (born 1955 in Pekin, Illinois) is an American scholar of religion. Homerin is one of the most notable scholars of religion in the United States and widely publishes, including books, essays, articles and entries in major encyclopedias such as Encyclopædia Britannica. Currently, he is Professor of Religion in the Department of Religion & Classics at the University of Rochester, where he teaches courses on Islam, classical Arabic literature, mysticism, and Mt. Hope Cemetery in Rochester.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia") is a general knowledge English-language online encyclopaedia. It was formerly published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., and other publishers (for previous editions). It was written by about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,000 contributors. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The "Britannica" is the English-language encyclopaedia that was in print for the longest time: it lasted 244 years. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in the Scottish capital of Edinburgh, as three volumes. (This first edition is available in facsimile.) The encyclopaedia grew in size: the second edition was 10 volumes, and by its fourth edition (1801–1810) it had expanded to 20 volumes. Its rising stature as a scholarly work helped recruit eminent contributors, and the 9th (1875–1889) and 11th editions (1911) are landmark encyclopaedias for scholarship and literary style. Beginning with the 11th edition and following its acquisition by an American firm, the "Britannica" shortened and simplified articles to broaden its appeal to the North American market. In 1933, the "Britannica" became the first encyclopaedia to adopt "continuous revision", in which the encyclopaedia is continually reprinted, with every article updated on a schedule . In March 2012, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. announced it would no longer publish printed editions, and would focus instead on "Encyclopædia Britannica Online".

Question: Thomas Emil Homerin ) is an American scholar of religion who has published entries in a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia whose last print edition spanned 32 volumes and had how many pages?
Answer: 32,640
Financial crisis of 2007–2008
In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, conservative American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in the 1990s and to massive risky loan purchases by government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Based upon information in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case against six former executives of Fannie and Freddie, Peter Wallison and Edward Pinto estimated that, in 2008, Fannie and Freddie held 13 million substandard loans totaling over $2 trillion.

Question: What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008?
Answer: over $2 trillion
Antarctica
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thus about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m . In most of the interior of the continent, precipitation is very low, down to 20 mm per year; in a few "blue ice" areas precipitation is lower than mass loss by sublimation, and so the local mass balance is negative. In the dry valleys, the same effect occurs over a rock base, leading to a desiccated landscape.

Question: How much of Antarctica is covered by ice?
Answer: 98%
Julia Donaldson
Julia Donaldson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born Julia Catherine Shields; born ) is an English writer, playwright and performer, and the 2011–2013 Children's Laureate. She is best known for her popular rhyming stories for children, especially those illustrated by Axel Scheffler, which include "The Gruffalo", "Room on the Broom" and "Stick Man". She originally wrote songs for children's television but has concentrated on writing books since the words of one of her songs, "A Squash and a Squeeze", were made into a children's book in 1993. Of her 184 published works, 64 are widely available in bookshops. The remaining 120 are intended for school use and include her Songbirds phonic reading scheme, which is part of the Oxford University Press's Oxford Reading Tree.
Julia Donaldson
Donaldson was born in London and brought up in Hampstead, London, with her younger sister Mary. The family occupied a Victorian three-storey house near Hampstead Heath. Her parents, sister and their pet cat Geoffrey lived on the ground floor, an aunt and uncle (and later their children, James and Kate) on the first floor and her grandmother on the second floor.
The Snail and the Whale
The Snail and the Whale is a 2003 children's picture book written by Julia Donaldson and illustrated by Axel Scheffler. It won the 2004 Early Years award for the best pre-school book, the 2005 Blue Peter award for Best Book to Read Aloud, and the 2007 Giverny award for Best Science Picture Book. "The Snail and the Whale" has also been adapted into an audiobook, a stage play and translated into British Sign Language.

Question: Which scottish writer and Children's laureate wrote children's book illustrated by Axel Scheffler?
Answer: Julia Donaldson
Honey (magazine)
Honey was a monthly magazine for young women in the United Kingdom, which Fleetway Publications launched in April 1960. Audrey Slaughter (later wife of Charles Wintour and stepmother of Anna Wintour) founded it, with Jean McKinley as editor. A cover tagline introduced in October 1960 read "For the teens and twenties" - by 1962 this had become "Young, gay and get-ahead."
The Woman Voter
The Woman Voter was a monthly suffragist journal published in New York City by the Woman Suffrage Party (WSP). It ran between 1910 and 1917. The first editor was Mary Ritter Beard. Beard created a suffragist publication which was unique in offering coverage of topics that "cut across class, age and organizational boundaries."

Question: Which magazine / journal was the first published, The Woman Voter or Honey?
Answer: The Woman Voter
William Fichtner
William Edward Fichtner Jr. (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor. Fichtner has appeared in a number of films, TV series and video games. He is known for his television roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay on "Invasion", Alexander Mahone on "Prison Break", and Adam Janikowski on "Mom". His film appearances include "Heat", "Contact", "Armageddon", "The Perfect Storm", "Go", "Drowning Mona", "Crash", "Blades of Glory", "Black Hawk Down", "The Longest Yard", "Mr. & Mrs. Smith", "The Dark Knight", "Date Night", "The Lone Ranger", "Elysium", "", and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles".
Go (1999 film)
Go is a 1999 American crime comedy film written by John August and directed by Doug Liman, with intertwining plots involving three sets of characters. The film stars William Fichtner, Katie Holmes, Jay Mohr, Sarah Polley, and Scott Wolf and features Taye Diggs, Breckin Meyer, Timothy Olyphant, Desmond Askew, Jane Krakowski, J. E. Freeman, and Melissa McCarthy in her film debut.
Go (1999 film)
The film performed moderately at the box office, but was critically acclaimed. It has since become a cult classic.

Question: Which star of "Go" was also in "Quiz Show"?
Answer: William Fichtner
Myocardial infarction
Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet and excessive alcohol intake. The complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests and coronary angiography. An ECG, which is a recording of the heart's electrical activity, may confirm an ST elevation MI (STEMI), if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.

Question: How do most MIs come about?
Answer: coronary artery disease
London
Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 red foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) of London. These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet. Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen ElizabethII's prized pink flamingos. Generally, however, foxes and city folk appear to get along. A survey in 2001 by the London-based Mammal Society found that 80 per cent of 3,779 respondents who volunteered to keep a diary of garden mammal visits liked having them around. This sample cannot be taken to represent Londoners as a whole.

Question: What type of animal belonging to Queen Elizabeth II was killed by an intruding fox on the Buckingham Palace grounds?
Answer: pink flamingos
Edmund Ironside
Edmund Ironside (c. 99030 November 1016; Old English: , ; sometimes also known as Edmund II ) was King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016. He was the son of King Æthelred the Unready and his first wife, Ælfgifu of York. Edmund's reign was marred by a war he had inherited from his father; his cognomen "Ironside" was given to him "because of his valour" in resisting the Danish invasion led by Cnut the Great. 
Battle of Assandun
The Battle of Assandun (or Essendune) was fought between Danish and English armies on 18 October 1016. There is disagreement whether Assandun may be Ashdon near Saffron Walden in north Essex or, as long supposed, Ashingdon near Rochford in southeast Essex, England. It ended in victory for the Danes, led by Canute the Great, who triumphed over the English army led by King Edmund Ironside. The battle was the conclusion to the Danish reconquest of England.

Question: Who was the King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016 that also led the English army in the Battle of Assandun?
Answer: Edmund Ironside
Foundation series
The "Foundation" series is a science fiction book series written by American author Isaac Asimov. First collected in 1951, for thirty years the series was a trilogy: "Foundation", "Foundation and Empire", and "Second Foundation". It won the one-time Hugo Award for "Best All-Time Series" in 1966. Asimov began adding new volumes in 1981, with two sequels: "Foundation's Edge" and "Foundation and Earth", and two prequels: "Prelude to Foundation" and "Forward the Foundation". The additions made reference to events in Asimov's "Robot" and "Empire" series, indicating that they were also set in the same fictional universe.
Psychohistory (fictional)
Psychohistory is a fictional science in Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" universe which combines history, sociology, and mathematical statistics to make general predictions about the future behavior of very large groups of people, such as the Galactic Empire. It was first introduced in the four short stories (1942–1944) which would later be collected as the 1951 novel "Foundation".

Question: Psychohistory is a fictional science in which Isaac Asimov science fiction book series which combines history, sociology and mathematical statistics to make predictions about the future behaviour of very large groups of people and most notably described in his trilogy series which won him the Hugo award and which reference other works by the author including 'Robot' and 'Empire'?
Answer: The "Foundation" series
Honeysuckle
Honeysuckles ("Lonicera", ; syn. "Caprifolium" Mill.) are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to northern latitudes in North America and Eurasia. Approximately 180 species of honeysuckle have been identified in North America and Eurasia. Widely known species include "Lonicera periclymenum" (common honeysuckle or woodbine), "Lonicera japonica" (Japanese honeysuckle, white honeysuckle, or Chinese honeysuckle) and "Lonicera sempervirens" (coral honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle, or woodbine honeysuckle). "L. japonica" is an aggressive, highly invasive species considered as a significant pest on the continents of North America, Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa.
Honeysuckle
Some species are highly fragrant and colorful, so are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. In North America, hummingbirds are attracted to the flowers, especially "L. sempervirens" and "L. ciliosa" (orange honeysuckle). Honeysuckle derives its name from the edible sweet nectar obtainable from its tubular flowers. The name "Lonicera" stems from Adam Lonicer, a Renaissance botanist.
Arum
Arum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to Europe, northern Africa, and western and central Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region. Frequently called arum lilies, they are not closely related to the true lilies "Lilium". Plants in closely related "Zantedeschia" are also called "arum lilies".

Question: Are Arum and Honeysuckle both native to Europe?
Answer: yes
School Library Journal
The School Library Journal is an American monthly magazine with articles and reviews for school librarians, media specialists, and public librarians who work with young people. Articles cover a wide variety of topics, with a focus on technology, multimedia and other information resources that arouse the interest of young learners. Reviews are included for preschool to 4th grade, grades 5 and up, and teens. Both fiction and non-fiction titles are reviewed, as are graphic novels, multimedia, and digital resources. Also included are reviews of professional reading for librarians and reference books.
The Highly Effective Detective
The Highly Effective Detective is a mystery novel by Rick Yancey. It was released in 2006 by St. Martin's Press, receiving a starred review in "Publishers Weekly" and a positive review from "School Library Journal".

Question: The Highly Effective Detective received a positive review from the librarians' journal released how often?
Answer: monthly
Katharine Ross
Ross made her film debut in the Civil War-themed drama "Shenandoah" (1965), and had supporting parts in the comedies "Mister Buddwing" (1965) and "The Singing Nun" (1966) before being cast in Curtis Harrington's "Games" (1967), a thriller co-starring James Caan and Simone Signoret. At Signoret's recommendation, Ross was cast as Elaine Robinson in Mike Nichols' comedy-drama "The Graduate" (1967), which saw her receive significant critical acclaim, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, a BAFTA nomination, and Golden Globe win for New Star of the Year. She garnered further acclaim for her roles in two 1969 western films: "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" and "Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here", for both of which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress.
Katharine Ross
In the 1970s, Ross had a leading role in the horror film "The Stepford Wives" (1975), for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Actress, and won her second Golden Globe Award for her performance in the drama "Voyage of the Damned" (1976). Other roles during this period included in disaster film "The Swarm" (1976), the supernatural horror film "The Legacy" (1978), and the science fiction film "The Final Countdown" (1980). Ross spent the majority of the 1980s appearing in a number of television films, including "Murder in Texas" (1981) and "The Shadow Riders" (1982), and later starred on the network series "The Colbys" from 1985 to 1987.
A Climate for Killing
A Climate for Killing (also known as A Row of Crows) is a 1991 American thriller-drama film written and directed by J. S. Cardone and starring John Beck, Katharine Ross, Steven Bauer and Mia Sara.

Question:  Climate for Killing  is a 1991 American thriller-drama film starring an actress who won a Golden Globe for what 1976 film?
Answer: Voyage of the Damned
Raffaella Reggi
Raffaella Reggi (] ; born 27 November 1965) is a former professional tennis player from Italy.
Michael Chang
Michael Te-Pei Chang (born February 22, 1972) is an American retired professional tennis player. He is the youngest male player in history to win a Grand Slam, winning the 1989 French Open at 17 years and 95 days old. Chang won a total of 34 top-level professional singles titles, was a three-time Grand Slam runner-up, and reached a career-best ranking of world No. 2 in 1996. Since he was shorter than virtually all of his opponents, he played a dogged defensive style utilizing his quickness and speed.
Michael Chang
In 2008, Chang was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame. He has coached Kei Nishikori since 2014.

Question: Do Raffaella Reggi and Michael Chang share the same nationality?
Answer: no
Karl Popper
Instead, he formulated the spearhead model of evolution, a version of genetic pluralism. According to this model, living organisms themselves have goals, and act according to these goals, each guided by a central control. In its most sophisticated form, this is the brain of humans, but controls also exist in much less sophisticated ways for species of lower complexity, such as the amoeba. This control organ plays a special role in evolution—it is the "spearhead of evolution". The goals bring the purpose into the world. Mutations in the genes that determine the structure of the control may then cause drastic changes in behaviour, preferences and goals, without having an impact on the organism's phenotype. Popper postulates that such purely behavioural changes are less likely to be lethal for the organism compared to drastic changes of the phenotype.

Question: Organisms' goals shift along with which notable genetic process?
Answer: Mutations
Idealism
Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers. The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object. Matter as a cause of that image, is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us. An external world as absolute matter unrelated to an observer does not exist as far as we are concerned. The universe cannot exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind. Collier was influenced by "An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World" by Cambridge Platonist John Norris (1701).

Question: When was An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World written?
Answer: 1701
Edmund Burke
Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, Burke vigorously defended the Anglican Church, but he also demonstrated sensitivity to Catholic concerns. He linked the conservation of a state-established religion with the preservation of citizens' constitutional liberties and highlighted Christianity's benefit not only to the believer's soul, but also to political arrangements.

Question: What religion was Burke's mother?
Answer: Catholic
Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu ( ; ] ( ) ; June 14 [O.S. June 2] 1882 – June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as the Prime Minister and "Conducător" during most of World War II. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and executed.
Bombing of Romania in World War II
The bombing of Romania in World War II comprised two series of events: until August 1944, Allied operations, and, following the overthrow of Ion Antonescu's dictatorship, operations by Nazi Germany.

Question: The bombing of Romania in World War II comprised two series of events: until August 1944, Allied operations, and, following the overthrow of Ion Victor Antonescu's dictatorship, operations by Nazi Germany, Antonescu was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and "Conducător" during most of World War II, presided over how many successive wartime dictatorships?
Answer: two
Mike Sapone
Mike Sapone is an American record producer, composer, audio engineer, and mixer whose credits include producing records for bands such as Brand New, Taking Back Sunday, Mayday Parade, Sorority Noise, Boston Manor, An Horse, Oso Oso, O'Brother, Cymbals Eat Guitars and Public Enemy.
Taking Back Sunday
Taking Back Sunday is an American alternative rock/emo band from Long Island, New York. The band was formed by guitarist Eddie Reyes in 1999. The band's members are Adam Lazzara (lead vocals), John Nolan (lead guitar, keyboards, vocals), Shaun Cooper (bass guitar), and Mark O'Connell (drums), accompanied by Nathan Cogan (guitar) for their live performances. Nolan and Cooper left the group in 2003 before rejoining in 2010.

Question: Who performs lead vocals along with John Nolan, in the band produced by Mike Sapone ?
Answer: Adam Lazzara
Great power
Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of World War I and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres made the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, and the United States the chief arbiters of the new world order. The German Empire was defeated, Austria-Hungary was divided into new, less powerful states and the Russian Empire fell to revolution. During the Paris Peace Conference, the "Big Four" – France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States – held noticeably more power and influence on the proceedings and outcome of the treaties than Japan. The Big Four were the architects of the Treaty of Versailles which was signed by Germany; the Treaty of St. Germain, with Austria; the Treaty of Neuilly, with Bulgaria; the Treaty of Trianon, with Hungary; and the Treaty of Sèvres, with the Ottoman Empire. During the decision-making of the Treaty of Versailles, Italy pulled out of the conference because a part of its demands were not met and temporarily left the other three countries as the sole major architects of that treaty, referred to as the "Big Three".

Question: What marked the conclusion of The Great War?
Answer: treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres
Louis Gossett Jr.
Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (born May 27, 1936) is an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award winning role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film "An Officer and a Gentleman" and his Emmy Award winning role as Fiddler in the 1977 ABC television miniseries "Roots". Gossett has also starred in numerous other film productions including "A Raisin in the Sun", "The Landlord", "Skin Game", "Travels with My Aunt", "The Laughing Policeman", "The Deep", "Jaws 3-D", Wolfgang Petersen's "Enemy Mine", the "Iron Eagle" series, "Toy Soldiers" and "The Punisher", in an acting career that spans over five decades.
Backstairs at the White House
This mini-series was nominated for 11 Emmy Awards in 31st Primetime Emmy Awards, winning for Outstanding Achievement in Make-up (Mark Bussan, Tommy Cole and Ron Walters) and nominated for Outstanding Limited Series (Ed Friendly, Executive Producer; Ed Friendly, Producer; Michael O'Herlihy, Producer), Best Actress (Olivia Cole), Best Actor (Louis Gossett Jr.), Best Supporting Actress (both Eileen Heckart and Celeste Holm), Best Supporting Actor (both Ed Flanders and Robert Vaughn), Outstanding Teleplay (Part 1) (Gwen Bagni and Paul Dubov), Outstanding Art Direction/Set Decoration (Part 1) (Richard Y. Haman, Art Director; Anne D. McCulley, Set Decorator), and Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling (Susan Germaine, Lola Kemp and Vivian McAteer).

Question: What American actor, best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film "An Officer and a Gentleman", and his role as Fiddler in the 1977 ABC television miniseries "Roots", was also nominated for Best Actor at the Emmys for Backstairs at the White House?
Answer: Louis Gossett Jr.
Rhys Wakefield
Rhys Wakefield (born 20 November 1988) is an Australian actor and director. Wakefield starred in season 3 of HBO's "True Detective" as Freddy Burns "" after starting out on the Australian TV series "Home and Away" where he starred in 363 episodes. Wakefield has played the lead in James Cameron's thriller "Sanctum", the Polite Leader in "The Purge" franchise and was nominated for Best Actor in a Feature Film by the Australian Film Institute and the Film Critics Circle of Australia for his performance in The Black Balloon. Wakefield's first directed feature film, Berserk, was released in American cinemas on 5 April 2019. It stars Nick Cannon, James Roday, Nora Arnezeder, Erin Moriarty, Jack Falahee and was executive produced by Brian Kavanaugh-Jones.
The Black Balloon (film)
The Black Balloon is a 2007 Australian comedy-drama film starring Toni Collette, Rhys Wakefield, Luke Ford, Erik Thomson, Gemma Ward as well as a cast of newcomers. It is directed by first-time feature film director, Elissa Down.

Question: Who directed the 2008 Australian comedy-drama film in which Rhys Wakefield played Thomas Mollison?
Answer: Elissa Down
Jay Chou
Jay Chou (born 18 January 1979) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, film producer, actor, magician, President of fashion brand-PHANTACi and director. Dubbed the "King of Mandopop", Chou has been recognized as one of the most successful and influential Asian entertainers for his outstanding achievements in the Chinese language music scene. Having sold more than 30 million albums, Chou is one of the best-selling artists in Mainland China and is known for his work with lyricist Vincent Fang, who he has frequently collaborated with on his music.
Pandamen
Pandamen () is a 2010 Taiwanese TV series directed by and starring Jay Chou and co-starring Nan Quan Mama members Yuhao Zhan and Devon Song in the title roles of "Pandamen".

Question: What is the director of Pandamen's birthday?
Answer: 18 January 1979
Yakety Sax
"Yakety Sax" is a pop novelty instrumental jointly composed by James Q. "Spider" Rich and Boots Randolph. Saxophonist Randolph popularized the selection in his 1963 recording, which reached number 35 on the rock charts. UK comedian Benny Hill later made it more widely known as the closing theme music of "The Benny Hill Show". The piece is considered Randolph's signature work.
Boots Randolph
Homer Louis "Boots" Randolph III (June 3, 1927 – July 3, 2007) was an American musician best known for his 1963 saxophone hit "Yakety Sax" (which became Benny Hill's signature tune). Randolph was a major part of the "Nashville sound" for most of his professional career.

Question: "Yakety Sax" composer Boots Randolph was part of what musical style group during most of his professional career?
Answer: the "Nashville sound"
Jim Al-Khalili
Jameel Sadik "Jim" Al-Khalili {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 20 September 1962) is a British theoretical physicist, author and broadcaster. He is Professor of Theoretical Physics and Chair in the Public Engagement in Science at the University of Surrey. He is a regular broadcaster and presenter of science programmes on BBC radio and television, and is a frequent commentator about science in other British media.
Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines
Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines is a book by physicist Jim Al-Khalili, published in 1999. Al-Khalili talks about a range of modern science topics, from geometry to the theory of relativity.

Question: The author of the book Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines is a professor of what university?
Answer: University of Surrey
Tajikistan
It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centres of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signalled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.

Question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?
Answer: 710
Hardcore Pawn
Hardcore Pawn is an American reality television series produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions for truTV about the day-to-day operations of American Jewelry and Loan, a family-owned and operated pawn shop and broker in Detroit, Michigan's 8 Mile Road corridor.
Richard Dominick
Richard Dominick was the executive producer of NBC Universal Domestic Television Distribution's "The Jerry Springer Show" for almost 18 years. Dominick also served in the same capacity on "The Steve Wilkos Show" for its first season, as well as the truTV police series "Bait Car". He later produced (and created) another popular truTV series, "Hardcore Pawn".

Question: Richard Dominick was the executive producer of NBC Universal Domestic Television Distribution's "The Jerry Springer Show" for almost 18 years, and he now produces (and created) another popular which truTV series, produced by RDF USA (later Zodiak USA) and Richard Dominick Productions?
Answer: Hardcore Pawn
Madrasa
"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam." "When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fakhr al-Dīn who helped enhance the reputation of the Ottoman medrese". This reveals that the Islamic world was interconnected in the early modern period as they travelled around to other Islamic states exchanging knowledge. This sense that the Ottoman Empire was becoming modernised through globalization is also recognised by Hamadeh who says: "Change in the eighteenth century as the beginning of a long and unilinear march toward westernisation reflects the two centuries of reformation in sovereign identity."

Question: When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?
Answer: 1331
Teresa Carpio
Carpio's father is Filipino and her mother Shanghainese. Born into a musical family (her grandfather was a concert violinist and jazz guitarist, her father Fernando, a jazz drummer, and several uncles were also professional musicians), She began singing at age 6 when she entered and won Hong Kong's first Amateur Talent Quest. She is the eldest of five, all of whom have at some time been active in the music business. Her eldest daughter, TV Carpio, is a musician, actress and Broadway singer.
T.V. Carpio
Teresa Victoria "T.V." Carpio (born April 1981) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her breakthrough role as Prudence in the film "Across the Universe" (2007), in which she sang the Beatles song "I Want to Hold Your Hand". She gained further recognition for her roles as Valerie in "Limitless" (2011), and Shelby Prince in the Lifetime television series "The Client List" (2013).

Question: Who is the American singer, songer, and actress born in 1981 who's grandfather was a jazz drummer and mother won Hong Kong's first Amateur Talent Quest?
Answer: Teresa Victoria "T.V." Carpio
Carrie Hamilton
Carrie Louise Hamilton (December 5, 1963 – January 20, 2002) was an American actress, singer, and playwright. She was the daughter of comedian Carol Burnett and producer Joe Hamilton.
Monday (The X-Files)
"Monday" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series "The X-Files". It premiered on the Fox network on February 28, 1999. It was written by Vince Gilligan and John Shiban, directed by Kim Manners, and featured guest appearances by Carrie Hamilton and Darren E. Burrows. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Monday" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.2, being watched by 16.7 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received positive reviews from television critics.

Question: The late Carrie Hamilton guest starred in "Monday," a 1999 episode of which hit sci-fi thriller series?
Answer: The X-Files