qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Law of the United States
As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science.

Question: Who has noted that binding precedent did not exist when the Constitution was written?
Answer: federal judge Alex Kozinski
American University of Sharjah
American University of Sharjah (abbreviated AUS; ) is an independent, private, not-for-profit, co-educational institution of higher education located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Valparaiso University
Valparaiso University (Valpo) is a private university in Valparaiso, Indiana. It is a Lutheran university with about 4,500 students from over 50 countries on a campus of 350 acre .

Question: Which is from farther west, American University of Sharjah or Valparaiso University?
Answer: Valparaiso University
Mount Mitchell State Park
Mount Mitchell State Park is a 1,996 acre North Carolina state park in Yancey County, North Carolina in the United States. Established in 1915 by the state legislature, it became the first state park of North Carolina. By doing so, it also established the North Carolina State Parks System within the same bill.
Mount Craig (North Carolina)
Mount Craig, 6,647 ft , is the second highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains and second only to 6,684 ft Mount Mitchell in eastern North America. It is located in the Black Mountains in Yancey County, North Carolina. The mountain lies about a mile (2 km) north of Mount Mitchell and is within Mount Mitchell State Park and the Pisgah National Forest.

Question: Mount Craig is located in a state park established in what year?
Answer: 1915
Schottenkirche, Vienna
The Schottenkirche ( ) is a parish church in Vienna attached to the Schottenstift, founded by Hiberno (Irish)-Scots Benedictine monks in the 12th century. In 1418, the Duke Albert V of Austria transferred it to the German-speaking Benedictine monks from the Melk Abbey during the Melker Reform initiated after the Council of Constance. The church was elevated to the rank of Basilica Minor in 1958.
Albert II of Germany
Albert the Magnanimous KG (10 August 139727 October 1439) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1437 until his death and member of the House of Habsburg. He was also King of Bohemia, elected King of Germany as Albert II, Duke of Luxembourg and, as Albert V, Archduke of Austria from 1404.

Question: When was the King of Hungary and Croatia  who transferred Schottenkirche to German-speaking Benedictine monks born 
Answer: 10 August 139727
Freemasonry
The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively "initiated" into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be "passed" to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be "raised" to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is first obligated, then entrusted with passwords, signs and grips (secret handshakes) peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions "Installed Master" is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.

Question: What is the final degree of Masonry?
Answer: Master Mason
Iran
The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one, and indicates that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceutical industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness.

Question: What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans?
Answer: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy
Himachal Pradesh
During the Vedic period, several small republics known as "Janapada" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajputs principalities. These kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 11th century. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid regular tribute to the Mughals.

Question: Who marched through the lower states and captured and forts and fought many battles?
Answer: Timur and Sikander Lodi
Dietrich Mateschitz
Dietrich Mateschitz ( ; born 20 May 1944) is an Austrian billionaire businessman. He is the co-founder and 49% owner of the Red Bull energy drink company. s of 24   2020 , according to "Forbes", Mateschitz's net worth was estimated at $26.9 billion, making him the 40 wealthiest person in the world.
Taurus World Stunt Awards
The Taurus World Stunt Awards is a yearly award ceremony held midyear that honors stunt performers in movies. It is held each year in Los Angeles. The first awards were given out in 2001. However the deciding committee has been around since the year 2000. The awards were created by Dietrich Mateschitz, the founder of Red Bull.

Question: What is the nationality of the creator of the Taurus World Stunt Awards?
Answer: Austrian
Felix Baumgartner
Felix Baumgartner (] ; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper. He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon from the stratosphere on 14 October 2012 and landing in New Mexico, USA as part of the Red Bull Stratos project. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km , reaching an estimated top speed of 1357.64 km/h , or Mach 1.25. He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent. He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall distance with a drogue parachute, and vertical speed without a drogue. Though he still holds the two latter records, the first was broken two years later, when on 24 October 2014, Alan Eustace jumped from 135,890 feet—or, 41.42 km with a drogue.
Nick Piantanida
Nicholas John "Nick" Piantanida (August 15, 1932 – August 29, 1966) was an American amateur parachute jumper who reached 123,500 feet (37,642 meters, 23.39 miles) with his "Strato Jump II" balloon on February 2, 1966, flying a manned balloon higher than anyone before, a record that stood until Felix Baumgartner's flight on October 14, 2012.

Question: Which nationality was the man who broke the record held by Nick Piantanida from February 2, 1966?
Answer: Austrian
Arena Football League
Following the successes of his trial-run games, Foster moved ahead with his idea for arena football. He founded the Arena Football League with four teams: the Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, and Chicago Bruisers. Foster appointed legendary Darrel "Mouse" Davis, godfather of the "run and shoot" and modern pro offenses, as executive director of football operations. Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league's original wide-open offensive playbooks.

Question: Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?
Answer: Washington Commandos
Okey
Okey (] ) is a tile-based game, very popular in Turkey. It is almost always played with four players, though in principle can be played with two or three. It is very similar to the game "Rummikub" as it is played with the same set of boards and tiles but with different rules. The game apparently evolved from the original "Rummikub" through cultural contacts of "Gastarbeiter" in Germany. In Turkey and among Turkish communities abroad, it is very popular not only at homes but also at coffeehouses.
The Game of Life
The Game of Life, also known simply as Life, is a board game originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley, as The Checkered Game of Life. "The Game of Life" was America's first popular parlor game. The game simulates a person's travels through his or her life, from college to retirement, with jobs, marriage, and possible children along the way. Two to four or six players can participate in one game. Variations of the game accommodate up to ten players.

Question: Between The Game of Life and Okey, which game has a maximum number of players?
Answer: The Game of Life
John Kerry
The "Boston Herald" reported on July 23, 2010 that Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. On July 27, Kerry stated he would voluntarily pay $500,000 in Massachusetts taxes on his yacht.

Question: What type of yacht did Kerry buy?
Answer: a Friendship 75
Ed Mirvish
Edwin "Honest Ed" Mirvish, (July 24, 1914 – July 11, 2007) was an American-Canadian businessman, philanthropist and theatrical impresario who lived in Toronto, Ontario. He is known for his flagship business, Honest Ed's, a landmark discount store in downtown Toronto, and as a patron of the arts, instrumental in revitalizing the theatre scene in Toronto.
Honest Ed's
Honest Ed's was a landmark discount store in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was named for its proprietor, Ed Mirvish, who opened the store in 1948 and oversaw its operations for almost 60 years until his death in 2007. The store continued to operate until it permanently closed on December 31, 2016.

Question: Where was Honest Ed's s store located at in Canada?
Answer: Toronto, Ontario
Jack Herer
Jack Herer ( ; June 18, 1939 – April 15, 2010), sometimes called the "Emperor of Hemp", was an American cannabis rights activist and the author of "The Emperor Wears No Clothes", a book—in 2016 in its twelfth edition after having been continuously in print for 31 years—frequently cited in efforts to decriminalize and legalize cannabis and to expand the use of hemp for industrial use. Herer also founded and served as the director of the organization Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP).
Stony Awards
The "High Times" Stony Awards (a.k.a. the Stonys), sponsored by "High Times" magazine, celebrate the "highest and stoniest" movies and of the year. The "High Times" Stonys began as an annual article in "High Times" magazine conceived by Senior Editor Steve Bloom. Editor-in-Chief Steven Hager then suggested they hold an event in New York and invite the public to attend. Three "High Times" Stony Awards were held in New York City. In 2007, the "High Times" Stonys were moved to Los Angeles. Occasionally, the Stonys appears only as an article in "High Times", but most years the event is staged. In 2010, Special Stony Achievement Awards were presented to the documentary film "What if Cannabis Cured Cancer" by Len Richmond, truTV's "Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura", as well as a posthumous award to Jack Herer, which was accepted by his son, Dan Herer.

Question: Who served as a director of the organization Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP) and received a Special Stony Achievement Awards?
Answer: Jack Herer
Canon law
In the Fourth century the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the Church: the term canon, κανὠν, means in Greek, a rule. There is a very early distinction between the rules enacted by the Church and the legislative measures taken by the State called "leges", Latin for laws.

Question: When was the First Council of Nicaea held?
Answer: 325
Pacific War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan was losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalist forces and Communist guerrillas in the countryside. The Imperial Japanese Army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. The Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from Kunming to Zhijiang. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men in 20 divisions. They were supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces achieved a decisive victory and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese managed to repel a Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei provinces in South China. Chinese launched a counter offensive to retake Guangxi which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces successfully retook Guangxi.

Question: When did Chinese forces retake Guangxi?
Answer: August 1945
Northland Pyrite Mine
The Northland Pyrite Mine, also known as James Lake Mine, Rib Lake Mine, Harris Mine or simply Northland Mine, is an abandoned underground mine in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, located on the southwestern shore of James Lake in Best Township of Temagami. It was operated by the Northland Mining Company during the early 1900s with the construction of a 91 m shaft and many open-cuts north of the shaft. Minerals present at the mine include chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, deposited in Precambrian volcanic rock of the Canadian Shield.
Discovery Mine
The Discovery Mine was a gold mine 84 kilometers northeast (approx bearing of 15 degrees) of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories that operated between 1950 and 1969. Gold was discovered here by Alfred Giauque in 1944. A complete townsite, on Giauque Lake, was established by the company to house workers and their families. The mine produced one million troy ounces (31,000 kg) of gold from one million tons of ore. The abandoned townsite, not accessible by road, was demolished in 2005.

Question: Discovery Mine and Northland Pyrite Mine, are both mines in which country?
Answer: Canada
Carl Genian
Carl Genian (September 21, 1921 – May 25, 1967) was a first lieutenant in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. During the war, Genian spent eleven months overseas and flew 66 combat missions pursuing numerous bombing targets that spanned eight countries from France to the Balkans. He and his unit received many commendations for close support, pinpoint bombing operations and heroism. Genian's medals include the Distinguished Flying Cross, Soldiers Medal and an Air Medal with six oak leaf clusters. 
Viken Babikian
Viken L. Babikian is an American doctor of Armenian origin and professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine.
Viken Babikian
Babikian received his undergraduate degree from the American University of Beirut, and his M.D. from Northwestern University School of Medicine. He completed a neurology residency at the University of Chicago Hospitals and a stroke fellowship at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He joined the Boston University Department of Neurology in 1986. He studies cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke.

Question: Which person lived the most recently, Viken Babikian or Carl Genian?
Answer: Viken L. Babikian
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the "Reinheitsgebot" (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced and sold by European monasteries. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, and domestic manufacture ceased to be significant by the end of the 19th century. The development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results.

Question: Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?
Answer: William IV
Charles Bronson (prisoner)
Charles Arthur Salvador (formerly Charles Ali Ahmed; born Michael Gordon Peterson on 6 December 1952), better known as Charles Bronson, is an English criminal who has been referred to in the British press as the "most violent prisoner in Britain" and "Britain's most notorious prisoner". He has spent periods detained in the Rampton, Broadmoor and Ashworth high-security psychiatric hospitals.
Bronson (film)
Bronson is a 2008 British biographical crime film directed by Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn, who also wrote with Brock Norman Brock. The film stars Tom Hardy as Michael Peterson, known from 1987 as Charles Bronson. The film follows the life of this prisoner, considered Britain's most violent criminal, who has been responsible for a dozen or so cases of hostage taking while incarcerated. He was given the name Charles Bronson by his fight promoter, for his bare-knuckle fighting years.
Bronson (film)
Born into a respectable middle-class family, Peterson became known as one of the United Kingdom's most dangerous prisoners. Because of his violence, Bronson was repeatedly put into isolation or solitary confinement, which may have contributed to his emotional problems.

Question: Who gave Charles Salvador his nickname?
Answer: his fight promoter
Paper
To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibre. A cooking liquor is used to dissolve the lignin, which is then washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers (not to be confused with tree-free paper); this is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres. Chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose.

Question: What percentage of cotton is cellulose?
Answer: 90%
1995 San Francisco mayoral election
The 1995 San Francisco mayoral election was held on November 7, 1995, with a runoff election held on December 12, 1995. Former Speaker of the California State Assembly Willie Brown defeated incumbent mayor Frank Jordan in a runoff election to become the 41st Mayor of San Francisco.
Willie Brown (politician)
Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker. He later became mayor of San Francisco, and was the first African American to hold that office. "The San Francisco Chronicle" called Brown "one of San Francisco's most notable mayors", adding that he had "celebrity beyond the city's boundaries."

Question: Which party won the 1995 San Francisco mayoral election?
Answer: Democratic Party
Lit (band)
Lit is an American rock band formed in Orange County, California in 1988. They are best known for their song "My Own Worst Enemy".
Rooney (band)
Rooney is the primary musical project of singer-songwriter Robert Schwartzman, evolving from its origin as an American rock band formed by high school friends in Los Angeles. Before Schwartzman decided to continue with the project and take it in a different direction, the band's most enduring line-up consisted of Schwartzman (lead vocals, guitar), Louie Stephens (keyboards, piano), Taylor Locke (lead guitar, backing vocals), Matthew Winter (bass guitar) and Ned Brower (drums, backing vocals). The band is named after Ed Rooney, the principal in "Ferris Bueller's Day Off".

Question: What band is best known for their hit song "My Own Worst Enemy", Rooney or  Lit ?
Answer: Lit
Napoleon
The official introduction of the metric system in September 1799 was unpopular in large sections of French society. Napoleon's rule greatly aided adoption of the new standard not only across France but also across the French sphere of influence. Napoleon took a retrograde step in 1812 when he passed legislation to introduce the "mesures usuelles" (traditional units of measurement) for retail trade, a system of measure that resembled the pre-revolutionary units but were based on the kilogram and the metre; for example, the "livre metrique" (metric pound) was 500 g, in contrast to the value of the "livre du roi" (the king's pound), 489.5 g. Other units of measure were rounded in a similar manner prior to the definitive introduction of the metric system across parts of Europe in the middle of the 19th century.

Question: What system, introduced in September 1799, was unpopular among much of French society?
Answer: the metric system
Androlepis
Androlepis is a genus of epiphytes in the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae, native to Central America and southern Mexico. The genus name is from the Greek “andros” (man) and “ ” (scale).
Corymbia
The bloodwoods had been recognised as a distinct group within the large and diverse genus "Eucalyptus" since 1867. Molecular research in the 1990s, however, showed that they, along with the rest of the section Corymbia, are more closely related to "Angophora" than to "Eucalyptus", and are now regarded as a separate genus by the Australian Plant Census. All three genera, "Angophora", "Corymbia" and "Eucalyptus", are closely related, and are generally referred to as "eucalypts".
Corymbia
Botanists Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson were the first to define the genus "Corymbia" in 1995, identifying the bloodwoods, ghost gums and spotted gums as a group distinct from "Eucalyptus".

Question: Are Androlepis and Corymbia in the same botanical family?
Answer: no
Tucson, Arizona
Tucson is known for being a trailblazer in voluntary partial publicly financed campaigns. Since 1985, both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city. To become eligible, council candidates must receive 200 donations of $10 or more (300 for a mayoral candidate). Candidates must then agree to spending limits equal to 33¢ for every registered Tucson voter, or $79,222 in 2005 (the corresponding figures for mayor are 64¢ per registered voter, or $142,271 in 2003). In return, candidates receive matching funds from the city at a 1:1 ratio of public money to private donations. The only other limitation is that candidates may not exceed 75% of the limit by the date of the primary. Many cities, such as San Francisco and New York City, have copied this system, albeit with more complex spending and matching formulas.

Question: How many $10+ donations must Tucson city council candidates receive to get public funding?
Answer: 200
Sara Kingdom
Sara Kingdom is a fictional character played by Jean Marsh in the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". A security officer for Mavic Chen from the 40th century, she later joined the First Doctor and Steven to work against Chen's interests. She is sometimes classed as a companion of the First Doctor but the BBC's official "Doctor Who" website does not include her in their list of companions. Her status as a companion is commented upon in its Episode Guide.
Jean Marsh
Jean Lyndsey Torren Marsh {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born July 1, 1934) is an English actress and writer. She co-created and starred in the ITV series "Upstairs, Downstairs" (1971–75), for which she won the 1975 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as Rose Buck. She later reprised the role in the BBC's revival of the series (2010–12). 
Jean Marsh
Marsh also co-created the television series "The House of Eliott" in 1991. Her film appearances include "Cleopatra" (1963), "Frenzy" (1972), "The Changeling" (1980), "Return to Oz" (1985), "Willow" (1988), "Fatherland" (1994) and "Monarch" (2000).

Question: The actress that played Rose Buck in "Upstairs, Downstairs" also played what chacter in the tv series "Doctor Who"?
Answer: Sara Kingdom
Troilus and Cressida (opera)
Troilus and Cressida is the first of the two operas by William Walton, and debuted in 1954. The libretto was by Christopher Hassall, his own first opera libretto, based on Geoffrey Chaucer's poem "Troilus and Criseyde". Walton dedicated the score to his wife, Susana.
Oberon (Weber)
Oberon, or The Elf King's Oath (J. 306) is a 3-act romantic opera in English with spoken dialogue; the music is by Carl Maria von Weber. The libretto by James Robinson Planché was based on the German poem "Oberon" by Christoph Martin Wieland, which itself was based on the epic romance "Huon de Bordeaux", a French medieval tale.

Question: Was Troilus and Cressida and Oberon written by the same person?
Answer: no
Biodiversity
Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, "Prunus spinosa" from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the "Thecla betulae" butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.

Question: What animal can its feeding habits disturbed by the Prunus spinosa?
Answer: leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive
Presbyterianism
Presbyterian government is by councils (properly known as "courts") of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a "session" or "consistory" responsible for the discipline, nurture, and mission of the local . Teaching elders (pastors or ministers) have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors or ministers are called by individual congregations. A congregation issues a call for the pastor or minister's service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. The pastor or minister is a teaching elder, and Moderator of the Session, but is not usually a member of the congregation.

Question: When the congregation issues a call for service by a pastor, who has to ratify it?
Answer: local presbytery
Mission Mountains
The Mission Mountains or Mission Range are a range of the Rocky Mountains located in northwestern Montana in the United States. They lie chiefly in Lake County and Missoula County and are south and east of Flathead Lake and west of the Swan Range. On the east side of the range is the Swan 
McDonald Peak
McDonald Peak (9820 ft ) is located in the U.S. state of Montana and is the highest peak in the Mission Mountains. McDonald Peak is situated within the Flathead Indian Reservation. The peak has the second greatest topographic prominence (after Crazy Peak) of all summits within Montana and is almost 80 mi away from the next highest mountain in the state. McDonald Glacier is on the north slope of the peak.

Question: McDonald Peak, is located in the U.S. state of Montana, and is the highest peak in which range of the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: Mission Mountains
Database
Database access control deals with controlling who (a person or a certain computer program) is allowed to access what information in the database. The information may comprise specific database objects (e.g., record types, specific records, data structures), certain computations over certain objects (e.g., query types, or specific queries), or using specific access paths to the former (e.g., using specific indexes or other data structures to access information). Database access controls are set by special authorized (by the database owner) personnel that uses dedicated protected security DBMS interfaces.

Question: Who sets database access?
Answer: special authorized (by the database owner) personnel
Mary, mother of Jesus
Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary. Following the Council of Trent in the 16th century, as Marian veneration became associated with Catholics, Protestant interest in Mary decreased. During the Age of the Enlightenment, any residual interest in Mary within Protestant churches almost disappeared, although Anglicans and Lutherans continued to honor her.

Question: Which Protestant churches still honor Mary?
Answer: Anglicans and Lutherans
Wood
As a tree grows, lower branches often die, and their bases may become overgrown and enclosed by subsequent layers of trunk wood, forming a type of imperfection known as a knot. The dead branch may not be attached to the trunk wood except at its base, and can drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards. Knots affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

Question: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?
Answer: 90
Republic of the Congo
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalize the economy. In June 1996, the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
Answer: civil war
Max Meth
Max Meth (25 February 1900 – 3 January 1984) was an Austrian-American Broadway musical director and conductor for over 40 years (1927–1968). He came to the United States from Austria. He won the Tony Award twice, in 1949 for the original "As the Girls Go", and in 1952 for a revival of "Pal Joey".
Pal Joey (musical)
Pal Joey is a musical with a book by John O'Hara and music and lyrics by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. The musical is based on a character and situations O'Hara created in a series of short stories published in "The New Yorker", which he later published in novel form. The title character, Joey Evans, is a manipulative small-time nightclub performer whose ambitions lead him into an affair with the wealthy, middle-aged and married Vera Simpson. It includes two songs that have become standards: "I Could Write a Book" and "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered".

Question: Who wrote the music for the musical, a revival of which gave Max Meth his second Tony Awards ? 
Answer: Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart
BD Wong
Bradley Darryl Wong (born October 24, 1960) is an American actor. Wong won a Tony Award for his performance as Song Liling in "M. Butterfly", becoming the only actor in Broadway history to receive the Tony Award, Drama Desk Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, Clarence Derwent Award, and Theatre World Award for the same role. He was nominated for a Critic's Choice Television Award for his role as Whiterose in "Mr. Robot", also earning an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.
BD Wong
He is known for such roles as on "", Father Ray Mukada on "Oz", Dr. John Lee on "Awake", Dr. Henry Wu in the "Jurassic Park" franchise, Hugo Strange in "Gotham", and Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme in the film "Seven Years in Tibet". Wong is the host of the HLN medical documentary series "Something's Killing Me with BD Wong".
Slappy and the Stinkers
Slappy and the Stinkers is a 1998 American family adventure comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman. The film stars B. D. Wong and Bronson Pinchot. Its plot concerns a group of children who try to save an abused sea lion from a greedy circus owner.

Question: Which star of Slappy and the Stinkers was born in the year 1960 ?
Answer: B. D. Wong
Bruce Dickinson
Paul Bruce Dickinson (born 7 August 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, airline pilot, author, and broadcaster. He is best known for his work as the lead singer of the heavy metal band Iron Maiden since 1981, and is renowned for his wide-ranging operatic vocal style and energetic stage presence.
Before the Storm (Samson album)
Before the Storm is the fourth studio album by British heavy metal band Samson. It was released in 1982, with the new vocalist Nicky Moore. He was recruited to replace Bruce Dickinson after his departure, to join Iron Maiden. The drummer Mel Gaynor was also replaced by Pete Jupp, when Gaynor left to join Simple Minds.

Question: Before the Storm is the fourth studio album by British heavy metal band Samson, it was released with the new vocalist Nicky Moore, which English member left to join Iron Maiden ?
Answer: Paul Bruce Dickinson
Dan Swanö
Dan-Erland Swanö, also known as Dan "The Man" Swanö (born 10 March 1973), is a Swedish musician and record producer who is currently the vocalist, guitarist, ex-bassist and ex-drummer for the band Nightingale, lately vocalist, keyboardist and drummer for the band Witherscape, as well as the owner of Unisound, but he achieved fame as the vocalist and songwriter of progressive death metal band Edge of Sanity.
Simone Simons
Simone Johanna Maria Simons (born 17 January 1985) is a Dutch singer-songwriter. She is best known for being the lead singer of Dutch symphonic metal band Epica, which she joined at the age of seventeen, releasing seven studio albums and touring the world. In her singing career, she has also collaborated with bands such as Kamelot, Leaves' Eyes, Primal Fear, Ayreon, and Angra. She also has a side pursuit as a lifestyle blogger, via her website SmoonStyle.

Question: Dan Swanö and Simone Simons are both what? 
Answer: vocalist
Ken (singer)
Lee Jae-hwan (Korean:  born April 6, 1992), better known by his stage name Ken (Korean:  ), is a South Korean singer and actor, signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. He is one of the members in the South Korean boy group VIXX, and has been widely praised for his unique, soulful, and husky vocal tone. Ken began his acting career in 2014 in MBC Every 1's comedy drama "Boarding House No. 24" as Lee Jae-hwan.
Dez Fafara
Bradley James 'Dez' Fafara (born May 12, 1966) is an American heavy metal vocalist who performs in the band DevilDriver and formerly Coal Chamber.

Question: Were Dez Fafara and Ken both singers?
Answer: yes
51st state
Poland has historically been staunchly pro-American, dating back to General Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski's involvement in the American Revolution. This pro-American stance was reinforced following favorable American intervention in World War I (leading to the creation of an independent Poland) and the Cold War (culminating in a Polish state independent of Soviet influence). Poland contributed a large force to the "Coalition of the Willing" in Iraq. A quote referring to Poland as "the 51st state" has been attributed to James Pavitt, then Central Intelligence Agency Deputy Director for Operations, especially in connection to extraordinary rendition.

Question: What led to the creation of an independent Poland?
Answer: favorable American intervention in World War I
Portugal
Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest, which nowadays, in Europe, is only restricted to the Iberian Peninsula: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic "Laurisilva" (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve).

Question: What is Laurisilva?
Answer: a unique type of subtropical rainforest
Christian VIII of Denmark
Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was the king of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814.
Caroline Amalie of Augustenburg
Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (28 June 1796 – 9 March 1881) was queen consort of Denmark as the second spouse of King Christian VIII between 1839 and 1848.

Question: What other country was Caroline Amalie's spouse king of besides Denmark?
Answer: Norway
IPod
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.

Question: The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?
Answer: third parties
The New Republic
The New Republic is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts, published since 1914, with an outsized influence on American political and cultural thinking. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between a humanitarian progressivism and an intellectual scientism, and ultimately discarded the latter. Through the 1980s and 1990s, the magazine incorporated elements of the Third Way and conservatism.
The New Republic
In 2014, two years after Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes purchased the magazine, he ousted its editor and attempted to remake its format, operations, and partisan stances, provoking the resignation of the majority of its editors and writers. In early 2016, Hughes announced he was putting the magazine up for sale, indicating the need for "new vision and leadership". The magazine was sold in February 2016 to Win McCormack, under whom the publication has returned to a more progressive stance. A weekly or near-weekly for most of its history, the magazine is currently on a ten issue per year publication schedule.
Girls' Life (magazine)
Girls' Life is an American teen magazine. It was launched in 1994 by Monarch Services. The magazine is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.

Question: Which magazine was launched first, The New Republic or Girls' Life?
Answer: The New Republic
2000 Australian Grand Prix
The 2000 Australian Grand Prix (officially known as the LXV Qantas Australian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 12 March 2000 at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, Melbourne. It was the first race of the 2000 Formula One season. The 58-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Ferrari team after starting from third position. Schumacher's new teammate for the 2000 season, Rubens Barrichello finished second in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher third for BMW-Williams.
Rubens Barrichello
Rubens "Rubinho" Gonçalves Barrichello (] , ] ; born 23 May 1972) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between and . He holds the record for most race starts in Formula One (322). He scored 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums, and has the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history.

Question: Michael Schumacher won the 2000 Australian Grand Prix, while his new teammate finished second, how many Grand Prix wins did his new teammate score?
Answer: 11
Computer
The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. That is to say that some type of instructions (the program) can be given to the computer, and it will process them. Modern computers based on the von Neumann architecture often have machine code in the form of an imperative programming language. In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors.

Question: Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?
Answer: (gigaflops)
Liberal Party of Australia
Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right"—a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts.

Question: Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?
Answer: publicly
FA Cup
The trophy comes in three parts – the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so was replaced by an exact replica, used until 1910. The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica, leading the FA to realise they did not own the copyright. This new, larger design was by Fattorini and Sons, and was used from 1911. In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras. This third replica, first used in 2014, was built heavier to withstand the increased handling. Of the four surviving trophies, only the 1895 replica has entered private ownership.

Question: How many physical trophies have been presented? 
Answer: five physical trophies have been presented
History of science
Theophrastus wrote some of the earliest descriptions of plants and animals, establishing the first taxonomy and looking at minerals in terms of their properties such as hardness. Pliny the Elder produced what is one of the largest encyclopedias of the natural world in 77 AD, and must be regarded as the rightful successor to Theophrastus. For example, he accurately describes the octahedral shape of the diamond, and proceeds to mention that diamond dust is used by engravers to cut and polish other gems owing to its great hardness. His recognition of the importance of crystal shape is a precursor to modern crystallography, while mention of numerous other minerals presages mineralogy. He also recognises that other minerals have characteristic crystal shapes, but in one example, confuses the crystal habit with the work of lapidaries. He was also the first to recognise that amber was a fossilized resin from pine trees because he had seen samples with trapped insects within them.

Question: What classification guide did Theophrastus create?
Answer: the first taxonomy
Stepmom (1998 film)
Stepmom is a 1998 American comedy-drama film directed by Chris Columbus and starring Julia Roberts, Susan Sarandon, and Ed Harris. Sarandon won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress and Harris won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor, sharing the win with his role in "The Truman Show".
Ed Harris
Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. His performances in "Apollo 13" (1995), "The Truman Show" (1998), "Pollock" (2000) and "The Hours" (2002) earned him critical acclaim in addition to Academy Award nominations. Harris has appeared in several leading and supporting roles, such as in "The Right Stuff" (1983), "The Abyss" (1989), "State of Grace" (1990), "Glengarry Glen Ross" (1992), "Nixon" (1995), "The Rock" (1996), "Stepmom" (1998), "A Beautiful Mind" (2001), "Enemy at the Gates" (2001), "A History of Violence" (2005), "Gone Baby Gone" (2007), "Snowpiercer" (2013), and "Mother!" (2017). In addition to directing "Pollock", Harris also directed the western "Appaloosa" (2008).
Ed Harris
In television, Harris is notable for his roles as Miles Roby in the miniseries "Empire Falls" (2005) and as United States Senator John McCain in the television movie "Game Change" (2012); the latter earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. He currently stars as the Man in Black in the HBO science fiction-Western series "Westworld" (2016–present), for which he earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.

Question: The actor who has starred in "Stepmom" and "The Right Stuff" is currently in which HBO sci-fi drama series?
Answer: Westworld
Institute of technology
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc), was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary (now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia), in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology, founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum". Another exception is the "École Polytechnique", which has educated French "élites" since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.

Question: What was the first institute of technology in the world?
Answer: the Berg-Schola