qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Religion in ancient Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of "novemdialis" found a part-match in the Christian "Constitutio Apostolica". The customary offers of wine and food to the dead continued; St Augustine (following St Ambrose) feared that this invited the "drunken" practices of Parentalia but commended funeral feasts as a Christian opportunity to give alms of food to the poor. Christians attended Parentalia and its accompanying Feralia and Caristia in sufficient numbers for the Council of Tours to forbid them in AD 567. Other funerary and commemorative practices were very different. Traditional Roman practice spurned the corpse as a ritual pollution; inscriptions noted the day of birth and duration of life. The Christian Church fostered the veneration of saintly relics, and inscriptions marked the day of death as a transition to "new life".

Question: When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians?
Answer: AD 567
Meditations
Meditations ( ) is a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 AD, recording his private notes to himself and ideas on Stoic philosophy.
Méric Casaubon
Meric Casaubon (14 August 1599 in Geneva – 14 July 1671 in Canterbury), son of Isaac Casaubon, was a French-English classical scholar. He was the first to translate Meditations by Marcus Aurelius into English.

Question: Who is the father of the man who who translated the personal writing of Marcus Aurelius into English?
Answer: Isaac Casaubon
San Diego
The University of California, San Diego and other research institutions have helped to fuel the growth of biotechnology. In 2013, San Diego had the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area. In particular, the La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies. Major biotechnology companies like Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences are headquartered in San Diego, while many other biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 contract research organizations (CROs) that provide contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Question: What city does San Diego come in second to in the biotech industry?
Answer: Boston
Elevator
A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, Cable-Borne Elevators, or Traction Elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting, especially in taller buildings.

Question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?
Answer: an inconspicuous riser
A cappella
In 1945, the first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953, Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it didn't change its name to Sweet Adelines International until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in English, includes choruses in most of the fifty United States as well as in Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the organization encompasses more than 1,200 registered quartets and 600 choruses.

Question: In what year did the Sweet Adelines become an international group?
Answer: 1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower
In December 1944, the Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, the Battle of the Bulge, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Army Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the Eastern Front with the Red Army and the Western Front with the Western Allies. The British wanted to capture Berlin, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin, and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit. The British backed down, but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons. Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against Moscow. The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had previously agreed upon. The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a very large-scale bloody battle, and the Germans finally surrendered on May 7, 1945.

Question: What date saw the surrender of Nazi Germany?
Answer: May 7, 1945
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group (also known in the United States as UMG Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American global music corporation that is majority owned by the French media conglomerate Vivendi, with Chinese tech company Tencent owning a minority stake. UMG's global corporate headquarters are located in Santa Monica, California. The biggest music company in the world, it is one of the "Big Three" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. Ten percent of Universal Music Group was acquired by Tencent in March 2020 for US$3 billion.
On My Way (Omar Naber song)
"On My Way" is a song performed by Slovenian singer and songwriter Omar Naber. It represented Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. Naber previously represented Slovenia in 2005, which coincidentally also took place in Kyiv, like the 2017 song contest; he performed the song "Stop", which failed to qualify for the final. The song was released as a digital download on 8 April 2017 by Universal Music. The song has peaked to number 12 in Slovenia.

Question: What date did the American global music corporation release the song which was the 2017 Eurovision Song Contest representative of Slovenia?
Answer: 8 April 2017
Myanmar
The government has assembled a National Human Rights Commission that consists of 15 members from various backgrounds. Several activists in exile, including Thee Lay Thee Anyeint members, have returned to Myanmar after President Thein Sein's invitation to expatriates to return home to work for national development. In an address to the United Nations Security Council on 22 September 2011, Myanmar's Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin confirmed the government's intention to release prisoners in the near future.

Question: What did the government bring together ?
Answer: National Human Rights Commission
Hunting
On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System. In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.

Question: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds.
Answer: one third
Mosaic
The synagogue in Eshtemoa (As-Samu) was built around the 4th century. The mosaic floor is decorated with only floral and geometric patterns. The synagogue in Khirbet Susiya (excavated in 1971–72, founded in the end of the 4th century) has three mosaic panels, the eastern one depicting a Torah shrine, two menorahs, a lulav and an etrog with columns, deer and rams. The central panel is geometric while the western one is seriously damaged but it has been suggested that it depicted Daniel in the lion's den. The Roman synagogue in Ein Gedi was remodeled in the Byzantine era and a more elaborate mosaic floor was laid down above the older white panels. The usual geometric design was enriched with birds in the center. It includes the names of the signs of the zodiac and important figures from the Jewish past but not their images suggesting that it served a rather conservative community.

Question: What patterns are present on the mosaic at the synagogue in Eshtemoa?
Answer: only floral and geometric
Glacier
Even at high latitudes, glacier formation is not inevitable. Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold. Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much water vapor. Even during glacial periods of the Quaternary, Manchuria, lowland Siberia, and central and northern Alaska, though extraordinarily cold, had such light snowfall that glaciers could not form.

Question: Which areas in Antartica are considered polar deserts?
Answer: Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Remember (The Walking Dead)
"Remember" is the twelfth episode of the fifth season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead", which aired on AMC on March 1, 2015. It was written by Channing Powell and directed by Greg Nicotero. In the episode, the group enters the Alexandria Safe-Zone and struggles to adapt to the community's normality and lifestyle, as well as distrusts their environment. Several group members are interviewed by the shrewd former congresswoman, Alexandria leader, Deanna Monroe (Tovah Feldshuh), as they are given houses to live in.
The Walking Dead (season 5)
The fifth season of "The Walking Dead", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 12, 2014, and concluded on March 29, 2015, consisting of 16 episodes. Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers were Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the second consecutive season. The fifth season received widespread critical acclaim. It was nominated for multiple awards and won three, including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series for the third consecutive year, at the 41st Saturn Awards.

Question: This "Walking Dead" episode appeared in the season that won a third consecutive Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series at the 41st Saturn Awards.
Answer: Remember
Columbia University
Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence, seven of which belong to the Ivy League.
Cornell University
Cornell University ( ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."

Question: Are Columbia University and Cornell University both private institutions?
Answer: yes
BioWare
BioWare is a Canadian video game developer based in Edmonton, Alberta. It was founded in 1995 by newly graduated medical doctors Ray Muzyka and Greg Zeschuk, alongside Trent Oster, Brent Oster, Marcel Zeschuk and Augustine Yip. As of 2007, the company is owned by American publisher Electronic Arts.
BioWare
BioWare specializes in role-playing video games, and achieved recognition for developing highly praised and successful licensed franchises: "Baldur's Gate", "Neverwinter Nights", and "". They proceeded to make several other successful games based on original intellectual property: "Jade Empire", the "Mass Effect" series, and the "Dragon Age" series. In 2011, BioWare launched their first massively multiplayer online role-playing game, "".
Baldur's Gate III: The Black Hound
Baldur's Gate III: The Black Hound was to be a video game, the third entry in the "Dungeons & Dragons" "Baldur's Gate" series, as the sequel to "" and "". It was to be developed by Black Isle Studios, going by the codenames "FR6" and "Project Jefferson". The game was announced in 2002 and was said to use the "D&D 3rd Edition" ruleset. The game was set to use a new 3D engine based on BioWare's Aurora Engine, itself a successor to the Infinity Engine used for the first two Baldur's Gate games.

Question: Which Canadian-based company originated both the Aurora Engine and went on to create successful franchises such as Baldur's Gate, Mass Effect, and Dragon Age?
Answer: BioWare
Antonio Oseguera Cervantes
Antonio Oseguera Cervantes (] ; born 20 August 1958) is a Mexican suspected drug lord and former high-ranking leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), a criminal group based in Jalisco. His brother is Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), the leader of the CJNG and one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. In Mexico, he was formally charged in 2015 for drug trafficking and being in possession of military-exclusive firearms.
Jalisco New Generation Cartel
The Jalisco New Generation Cartel ( , "CJNG", "Los Mata Zetas" and "Los Torcidos") is a semi-militarized Mexican criminal group based in Jalisco and headed by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes ("El Mencho"), one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords. The CJNG are currently fighting "La Nueva Plaza" cartel for control of the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco; Los Viagras for the state of Michoacán; Los Zetas for the city of Puebla; the Sinaloa cartel in Tijuana and Baja California; the Cartel de Juarez in Ciudad Juarez; and the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel in Guanajuato. The CJNG also operates in the states of Nayarit and Colima. While this cartel is best known for its fights against the Zetas, it has also been battling La Resistencia for control of Jalisco and its surrounding territories.

Question: Which cartel holds one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords and is fighting against the Zetas for control of Jalisco and its surrounding territories?
Answer: Jalisco New Generation Cartel
William III of England
William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death. Popular histories usually refer to his joint reign with his wife, Queen Mary II, as that of "William and Mary". As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. He is sometimes informally known as "King Billy" in Ireland and Scotland. His victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is commemorated by unionists, who display orange colours in his honour.
William III of England
William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, who died a week before his birth, and Mary, Princess of Orange, the daughter of King Charles I of England. In 1677, during the reign of his uncle King Charles II of England, he married his cousin Mary, the fifteen-year-old daughter of Charles II's brother James, Duke of York. A Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic King Louis XIV of France, in coalition with both Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith. In 1685, his Catholic uncle and father-in-law, James, became King of England, Scotland and Ireland. James's reign was unpopular with the Protestant majority in Britain, who feared a revival of Catholicism. Supported by a group of influential British political and religious leaders, William invaded England in what became known as the Glorious Revolution. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham. Shortly afterwards, James was deposed.
England's Triumph
England's Triumph, Or, The Kingdom's Joy for the proclaiming of King William and His Royal Consort, Queen Mary, in the Throne of England, on the 13th. of this instant February. 1688, or simply England's Triumph, is an English broadside ballad composed in 1689. As the title suggests, the ballad takes as its primary focus the coronation of William III of England and his consort Mary II of England, which took place in February 1689 (even though the ballad claims it took place in 1688. This is most likely a typographical error on the part of the composer or the printer). William III and Mary II's coregency marked the end of the Glorious Revolution and the reign of James II of England. The coregency also brought about a shift in the religious paradigm of 17th-century England, which was Roman Catholic when James II sat upon the throne. Indeed, the ballad comments on the "vile pop'ry" that ruled the throne prior to the rule of William III, which saw the restoration of Protestant liberty. Extant copies of the ballad are available at Magdelene College in the Pepys Library. Alternatively, online facsimiles of the ballad are available online for public consumption.

Question: What month was William of Orange coronated?
Answer: February
100th Infantry Battalion (United States)
The 100th Infantry Battalion is the only infantry unit in the United States Army Reserve. In World War II, the then-primarily Nisei battalion was composed largely of former members of the Hawaii Army National Guard. The 100th saw heavy combat during World War II, starting in September 1943 and continuing after being attached as a battalion of the Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team in June 1944. The unit was unofficially nicknamed the Purple Heart Battalion, with the motto "Remember Pearl Harbor" and "Go for Broke", which was later adopted by other Japanese-American units.
Only the Brave (2006 film)
Only the Brave is a 2006 independent film about the 100th Infantry Battalion/442nd Regimental Combat Team, a segregated World War II fighting unit primarily made up of "Nisei" Japanese Americans, which for its size and length of service became the most decorated unit in U.S. military history. The film, produced and directed by Lane Nishikawa is a fictionalized account of the rescue of the Lost Battalion.

Question: The only infantry unit in the United States Army Reserve was the subject of what 2006 film?
Answer: Only the Brave
BeiDou
According to "China Daily", in 2015, fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it was generating a turnover of $31.5 billion per annum for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd., and China North Industries Group Corp.

Question: How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?
Answer: $31.5 billion
The Nightmare Before Christmas
The Nightmare Before Christmas (also known as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion animated musical Halloween-Christmas dark fantasy film directed by Henry Selick and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, the King of "Halloween Town" who stumbles through a portal to "Christmas Town" and decides to celebrate the holiday. Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score, and provided the singing voice of Jack. The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix, and Ed Ivory.
22nd Annie Awards
The 22nd Annie Awards were given by the International Animated Film Association to honor outstanding achievements in animation in 1993-1994. "The Lion King" won the most number of awards with three, including Best Animated Feature. "The Nightmare Before Christmas" followed with two. "The Simpsons" won its third consecutive award for Best Animated Television Program.

Question: What movie won the most number of Annie Awards the same year that the musical dark fantasy film about Jack Skellington in "Christmas Town" won two Annie Awards? 
Answer: The Lion King
Richard Lindzen
Richard Siegmund Lindzen (born February 8, 1940) is an American atmospheric physicist known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides, and ozone photochemistry. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and books. From 1983 until his retirement in 2013, he was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a lead author of Chapter 7, "Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks," of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report on climate change. He has criticized the scientific consensus about climate change and what he has called "climate alarmism."
Iris hypothesis
The iris hypothesis is a hypothesis proposed by Richard Lindzen et al. in 2001 that suggested increased sea surface temperature in the tropics would result in reduced cirrus clouds and thus more infrared radiation leakage from Earth's atmosphere. His study of observed changes in cloud coverage and modeled effects on infrared radiation released to space as a result supported the hypothesis. This suggested infrared radiation leakage was hypothesized to be a negative feedback in which an initial warming would result in an overall cooling of the surface. The consensus view is that increased sea surface temperature would result in increased cirrus clouds and reduced infrared radiation leakage and therefore a positive feedback.

Question:  The iris hypothesis was proposed by an American atmospheric physicist who has published how many scientific papers and books?
Answer: more than 200
City of Palms Park
City of Palms Park is a baseball stadium in Fort Myers, Florida. It served as the spring training home of the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB) from its opening in 1993 to 2011. It has hosted college baseball games for Florida SouthWestern State College since 2014. The stadium's name is taken from the city's official nickname.
City of Palms Park
City of Palms Park was built in 1992 to be the spring training home of the Boston Red Sox. It has a seating capacity of 8,000 people. It was also the home of the Red Sox' Rookie-level team in Minor League Baseball, the Gulf Coast League Red Sox, who played a season lasting from June through August each year.
Mike Greenwell
Michael Lewis Greenwell (born July 18, 1963) is a former left fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played his entire MLB career with the Boston Red Sox (1985–1996). He played a few games for the Hanshin Tigers in Japan (1997), before retiring. Greenwell was nicknamed "The Gator." He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was fourth in Rookie of the Year voting in 1987. Greenwell was a leading contender for the American League MVP award in 1988, but lost to Jose Canseco, who had the first 40 home run, 40 stolen base season in baseball history. Greenwell hit .325 with 22 home runs and 119 RBIs in 1988, setting career highs in all three categories.

Question: Which Florida baseball stadium is located in the hometown of "The Gator"?
Answer: City of Palms Park
States of Germany
The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany (“West Germany”) in 1949 was through the unification of the 3 western zones which were previously under American, British, and French administration in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden (until 1952), Bavaria (in German: " "), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (" "), Lower Saxony (" "), North Rhine-Westphalia (" "), Rhineland-Palatinate (" "), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden (until 1952), and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (until 1952). West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a "de facto" state. In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg.

Question: What area was initially not apart of the Federal Republic of Germany?
Answer: West Berlin
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
On October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-member Supreme Soviet passed the measure 254-85 (with 36 abstentions). The decision required a constitutional amendment, ratified by the full congress, which met December 12–25. It also passed measures that would allow direct elections for presidents of each of the 15 constituent republics. Gorbachev strongly opposed such a move during debate but was defeated.

Question: Who voted to get rid of the special seats?
Answer: the Supreme Soviet
Madrasa
However, even though mathematics, or studies in logic were part of the madrasa's curriculum, they were all primarily concerned with religion. Even mathematics had a religious impulse behind its teachings. "The Ulema of the Ottoman medreses held the view that hostility to logic and mathematics was futile since these accustomed the mind to correct thinking and thus helped to reveal divine truths" – key word being "divine". İnalcık also mentions that even philosophy was only allowed to be studied so that it helped to confirm the doctrines of Islam." Hence, madaris – schools were basically religious centres for religious teachings and learning in the Ottoman world. Although scholars such as Goffman have argued that the Ottomans were highly tolerant and lived in a pluralistic society, it seems that schools that were the main centres for learning were in fact heavily religious and were not religiously pluralistic, but rather Islamic in nature. Similarly, in Europe "Jewish children learned the Hebrew letters and texts of basic prayers at home, and then attended a school organised by the synagogue to study the Torah." Wiesner-Hanks also says that Protestants also wanted to teach "proper religious values." This shows that in the early modern period, Ottomans and Europeans were similar in their ideas about how schools should be managed and what they should be primarily focused on. Thus, Ottoman madaris were very similar to present day schools in the sense that they offered a wide range of studies; however, these studies, in their ultimate objective, aimed to further solidify and consolidate Islamic practices and theories.

Question: What did Ottoman madaris have that was similar to modern American schools?
Answer: wide range of studies
Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art, and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (In fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure, and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who developed them into new forms, resulting in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity. Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits, and customs, and therefore the empire has been described as a Persianate empire. Intercultural marriages also played a part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture. When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear.

Question: What is one way that the Empire was described as it related to culture?
Answer: Persianate empire
Berliner (doughnut)
A Berliner Pfannkuchen (referred to as Berliner for short outside Berlin, but Pfannkuchen inside Berlin) is a traditional German pastry similar to a doughnut with no central hole, made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, with a marmalade or jam filling and usually icing, powdered sugar or conventional sugar on top. They are sometimes made with chocolate, champagne, custard, mocha, or "advocaat" filling, or with no filling at all.
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species.
Yeast
Yeasts are unicellular organisms that evolved from multicellular ancestors, with some species having the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae. Yeast sizes vary greatly, depending on species and environment, typically measuring 3–4 µm in diameter, although some yeasts can grow to 40 µm in size. Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by the asymmetric division process known as budding. With their single-celled growth habit, yeasts can be contrasted with molds, which grow hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions) are called dimorphic fungi.

Question: A Berliner is made from what single-celled microorganisms of the fungus kingdom?
Answer: Yeast
Yamaha YZF-R1
The Yamaha YZF-R1, or R1, is an open class sport bike, or superbike, motorcycle made by Yamaha from 1998 through the current 2020 model year.
Max Neukirchner
Max Neukirchner (born 20 April 1983 in Stollberg, East Germany) is a professional motorcycle racer currently competing in the Endurance FIM World Championship aboard a Yamaha YZF-R1.

Question: Max Neukirchner currently competes on a sports bike that has been manufactured since what year?
Answer: 1998
Zinc
Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. The zinc is applied electrochemically or as molten zinc by hot-dip galvanizing or spraying. Galvanization is used on chain-link fencing, guard rails, suspension bridges, lightposts, metal roofs, heat exchangers, and car bodies.

Question: What forms as zinc corrodes?
Answer: protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate
Old School Flava
Old School Flava is the second studio album by American hip hop group the Treacherous Three. It was released in 1994 via Wrap Records and was produced by DJ Easy Lee, Ced Gee, Clark Kent, Joseph Carne, Ken Fambro, Kool Moe Dee, LA Sunshine, Rahiem, Special K, Jasz and T La Rock. It featured guest appearances from Big Daddy Kane, Chuck D, Doug E. Fresh, Grandmaster Caz, Heavy D, Melle Mel and Tito.
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five was an American hip hop group formed in the South Bronx of New York City in 1978. The group's members were Grandmaster Flash, Melle Mel, The Kidd Creole (not to be confused with Kid Creole and Coconuts frontman Kid Creole), Keef Cowboy, Mr. Ness/Scorpio and Rahiem. The group's use of turntablism, breakbeat DJing, and conscious lyricism were significant in the early development of hip hop music.

Question: What kind of music did Old School Flava and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious five create?
Answer: rap
Edmund Burke
Burke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton as well as others initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing. Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.

Question: Which lord didn't realize the satirical nature of Burke's book?
Answer: Lord Chesterfield
Good Charlotte
Good Charlotte is an American rock band from Waldorf, Maryland, that formed in 1996. Since 1998, the band's constant members have been vocalist Joel Madden, guitarist and vocalist Benji Madden, bassist Paul Thomas, guitarist and keyboardist Billy Martin, while drummer Dean Butterworth has been a member of the band since 2005.
Good Charlotte
The band released their self-titled debut album in 2000 to mostly positive reviews. In 2002, they achieved breakthrough success with their second album, "The Young and the Hopeless". Featuring the hit singles Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, The Anthem and Girls & Boys, "The Young and the Hopeless" sold 3.5 million copies in the US and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA, for a total of almost 5 million copies sold worldwide. The band followed that up with "The Chronicles of Life and Death" in 2004; a darker album, both musically and lyrically. Backed by the singles Predictable and I Just Wanna Live, "The Chronicles of Life and Death" continued the bands success, and the album was certified platinum by the RIAA, selling over one million copies in the US alone. In 2007, they released the dance-punk inspired album "Good Morning Revival" before going back to their punk-roots with the album "Cardiology" in 2010. After a four-year-long hiatus, the band announced its comeback on November 3, 2015. The band released "Youth Authority" to positive reviews in 2016, and in 2018 they released their latest album, "Generation Rx". In addition, they released two compilations: "Greatest Remixes" in 2008 and "Greatest Hits" in 2010.
Our Lady Peace
Our Lady Peace (sometimes shortened to OLP) is a Canadian rock band formed in Toronto, Ontario in 1992. Led by lead vocalist Raine Maida since its formation, the band additionally consists of Duncan Coutts on bass, Steve Mazur as lead guitarist, and Jason Pierce on drums. The band has sold several million albums worldwide, won four Juno Awards, and won ten MuchMusic Video Awards—the most MMVAs ever awarded to any artist or group. Between 1996 and 2016, Our Lady Peace was the third best-selling Canadian band in Canada and the ninth best-selling Canadian artist overall in Canada.

Question: Are both Our Lady Peace and Good Charlotte rock bands?
Answer: yes
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Since the late 20th century, indigenous peoples in the Americas have become more politically active in asserting their treaty rights and expanding their influence. Some have organized in order to achieve some sort of self-determination and preservation of their cultures. Organizations such as the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin and the Indian Council of South America are examples of movements that are overcoming national borders to reunited indigenous populations, for instance those across the Amazon Basin. Similar movements for indigenous rights can also be seen in Canada and the United States, with movements like the International Indian Treaty Council and the accession of native Indian group into the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.

Question: What is an example of a movement which is working to obtain rights for Amazonian populations everywhere?
Answer: Indian Council of South America
Annelid
In 2007 Torsten Struck and colleagues compared three genes in 81 taxa, of which nine were outgroups, in other words not considered closely related to annelids but included to give an indication of where the organisms under study are placed on the larger tree of life. For a cross-check the study used an analysis of 11 genes (including the original 3) in ten taxa. This analysis agreed that clitellates, pogonophorans and echiurans were on various branches of the polychaete family tree. It also concluded that the classification of polychaetes into Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata was useless, as the members of these alleged groups were scattered all over the family tree derived from comparing the 81 taxa. It also placed sipunculans, generally regarded at the time as a separate phylum, on another branch of the polychaete tree, and concluded that leeches were a sub-group of oligochaetes rather than their sister-group among the clitellates. Rouse accepted the analyses based on molecular phylogenetics, and their main conclusions are now the scientific consensus, although the details of the annelid family tree remain uncertain.

Question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a subgroup of?
Answer: oligochaetes
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865. Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis in the American Civil War. He succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
William Lowndes Yancey Law Office
The William Lowndes Yancey Law Office is located at the corner of Washington and Perry Streets in Montgomery, Alabama. It served as the law offices for one of the South's leading advocates of secession from the United States, William Lowndes Yancey, from 1846 until his death in 1863. He joined with John A. Elmore to form a legal firm after his resignation from Congress on 1 September 1846. Yancey wrote Alabama's Ordinance of Secession after the election of Abraham Lincoln and subsequently served as the Confederacy's Commissioner to England and France.

Question: Who wrote Alambama's Ordinance of Secession after the March 1861 election of Abraham Lincoln? 
Answer: William Lowndes Yancey
Alaric Tokpa
Alaric Tokpa is a Liberian politician and political scientist. He ran alongside George Klay Kieh in the New Deal Movement and, as a pair, received 0.5% of the vote in the 11 October 2005 presidential election. Tokpa has been pursuing a Ph.D. at Clark Atlanta University. As of 2002, Tokpa was the acting Chairman of the Department of Political Science at the University of Liberia.
Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University is a private Methodist historically black university in Atlanta, Georgia. Clark Atlanta University is the first HBCU in the Southern United States. Founded September 19, 1865 as Atlanta University consolidated with Clark College(1869) to form Clark Atlanta University in 1988. 
Clark Atlanta University
Exactly three months after the end of the Civil War, Atlanta University - now Clark Atlanta University - was founded on September 19, 1865, as the first HBCU in the Southern United States. Atlanta University was the nation's first graduate institution to award degrees to African Americans in the Nation and the first to award bachelor degrees to African Americans in the South; Clark College (1869) was the nation's first four-year liberal arts college to serve African-American students. The two consolidated in 1988 to form Clark Atlanta University.

Question: Alaric Tokpa has been pursuing a Ph.D. at a university located in which U.S state ?
Answer: Georgia
D.O. (entertainer)
Doh Kyung-soo (; born January 12, 1993), better known by his stage name D.O., is a South Korean singer and actor. He is best known as a member and one of the main vocalists of the South Korean-Chinese boy group Exo. Apart from his group's activities, D.O. has also starred in various television dramas and movies such as "Pure Love" (2016), "My Annoying Brother" (2016), "Positive Physique" (2016), "Room No.7" (2017), "100 Days My Prince" (2018), "", and "Swing Kids" (2018).
My Annoying Brother
My Annoying Brother (; lit. "Older Brother") is a 2016 South Korean comedy drama film starring Jo Jung-suk, Do Kyung-soo and Park Shin-hye. It was released in South Korea by CJ Entertainment on November 23, 2016. The film topped local box office and hit more than one million views within four days of its release. The film reached 3 million views in mid December.

Question: What was the real name of the actor, with the stage name of D.O. who starred in the film My Annoying Brother?
Answer: Do Kyung-soo
Qing dynasty
Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials.

Question: Who invaded China?
Answer: A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies
A Prophet
A Prophet ( ) is a 2009 French prison drama-crime film directed by Jacques Audiard with a screenplay by Audiard, with Thomas Bidegain, Abdel Raouf Dafri, and Nicolas Peufaillit, from a story by Dafri. The film stars Tahar Rahim in the title role as an imprisoned petty criminal of Algerian origins who rises in the inmate hierarchy, becoming an assassin and drug trafficker as he initiates himself into the Corsican and then Muslim subcultures.
Hichem Yacoubi
Hichem Yacoubi (born April 4, 1964 in Tunis, Tunisia) is a Tunisian-born French actor whose most recent film was "A Prophet" (in French "Un prophète") (2009) directed by Jacques Audiard. He studied theater (including a course at the Actor's Studio) and dance. He has appeared in several films including a short film which he co-directed and co-wrote the screenplay with Daniel Kupferstein.

Question: Who played a petty criminal in a film that also starred Hichem Yacoubi in 2009?
Answer: Tahar Rahim
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite. A number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Armenian music, Arabic music, and Persian music. Compositionally, it is organised around rhythmic units called usul, which are somewhat similar to meter in Western music, and melodic units called makam, which bear some resemblance to Western musical modes.

Question: The sultan known by what name has compositions which are still performed today?
Answer: Selim III
AGA AB
AGA AB, previously "AB Gasaccumulator" and "AB Svenska Gasaccumulator", was a Swedish industrial gas company founded in 1904. Nobel Prize laureate Gustaf Dalén was instrumental in the success of the company. Important inventions included the AGA cooker and the Dalén light. In the 1990s AGA conceived and developed HiQ for specialty gases. In 2000, AGA was integrated into Linde AG.
AGA cooker
The AGA cooker is a heat storage stove and cooker, which works on the principle that a heavy frame made of cast iron can absorb heat from a relatively low-intensity but continuously burning source, and the accumulated heat can then be used for cooking. Invented and initially produced in Sweden, but since 1957 all production is located in the UK.
AGA cooker
Originally developed to burn coke or anthracite, the Aga cooker was invented in 1922 by the Nobel Prize–winning Swedish physicist Gustaf Dalén (1869–1937), who was employed as the chief engineer of the Swedish AGA company (Swedish "Aktiebolaget Svenska Gasaccumulator", English "Swedish Gas Accumulator, Limited").

Question: Who invented the AGA cooker and was instrumental to the success of AGA AB?
Answer: Gustaf Dalén
The Sacrifice
The Sacrifice ( ) is a 1986 drama film written and directed by Andrei Tarkovsky. Starring Erland Josephson, it centers on a middle-aged intellectual who attempts to bargain with God to stop an impending nuclear holocaust. "The Sacrifice" was Tarkovsky's third film as a Soviet expatriate, after "Nostalghia" and the documentary "Voyage in Time", and was also his last, as he died shortly after its completion. Like 1972's "Solaris", it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.
22nd Guldbagge Awards
The 22nd Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 1986, and took place on 2 February 1987. "The Sacrifice" directed by Andrei Tarkovsky was presented with the award for Best Film.

Question: Which Swedish movie, which centers on a middle-aged intellectual who attempts to bargain with God, was presented with the award for Best film in 1987?
Answer: The Sacrifice
Richmond, Virginia
The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. It entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture.

Question: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
Answer: Thomas Jefferson
The Eighth Happiness
The Eighth Happiness (八星報喜) is a 1988 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Johnnie To and starring an ensemble cast of Chow Yun-fat, Raymond Wong, Jacky Cheung, Carol Cheng, Cherie Chung, Fung Bo Bo and Fennie Yuen. It was the highest-grossing film in Hong Kong at the time. The film centers around three brothers Fong Kim-long (Chow Yun-fat), Fong Kim-fai (Raymond Wong Pak-ming) and Fong Kim-sang (Jacky Cheung). One day, their telephone line failed, they meet their future wife because of this incident.
Jacky Cheung
Jacky Cheung Hok-yau (born 10 July 1961) is a Hong Kong singer, songwriter and actor. With more than 25 million records sold as of 2003, he is regarded as one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" and has been deemed the "God of Songs" of Hong Kong.

Question: The Eighth Happiness stars this actor, regarded as one of four what?
Answer: Heavenly Kings
Frédéric Chopin
Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts. The group travelled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. While in Marseilles Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ during a requiem mass for the tenor Adolphe Nourrit on 24 April 1839, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's "lied" "Die Gestirne" (D. 444). In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings.

Question: Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?
Answer: Nohant