qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
University of Notre Dame
Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–1987) of and under his presidency Notre Dame underwent saw huge growth and transformation from a school mostly known for its football to a top-tier university, academic powerhouse, and preeminent Catholic university. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.

Question: How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president?
Answer: 950
Florida–Georgia football rivalry
The Florida–Georgia football rivalry is an American college football rivalry game played annually by the University of Florida Gators and the University of Georgia Bulldogs, both members of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference. The programs first met in 1904 or 1915 (the status of the first game is disputed) and have played every season since 1926 except for a war-time interruption in 1943. It is one of the most prominent rivalry games in college football, and it has been held in Jacksonville, Florida since 1933, with only two exceptions, making it one of the few remaining neutral-site rivalries in college football. The game attracts huge crowds to Jacksonville, and the associated tailgating and other events earned it the nickname of the "World's Largest Outdoor Cocktail Party", although that name is no longer used officially.
Gator Bowl Stadium
The Gator Bowl was an American football stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. Originally built in 1927, all but a small portion was razed in 1994 in preparation for the NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars' inaugural season; the reconstructed stadium became Jacksonville Municipal Stadium, now TIAA Bank Field. The old stadium and its replacement have hosted the Gator Bowl, a post-season college football bowl game, since its inception in 1946. It also hosted the Florida–Georgia game, an annual college football rivalry game between the University of Florida and the University of Georgia, and was home to several professional sports teams, including the Jacksonville Sharks and Jacksonville Express of the World Football League (WFL), the Jacksonville Tea Men soccer team, and the Jacksonville Bulls of the United States Football League.
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville's first football venue was built in 1927 and 1928 with a seating capacity of 7,600. Known as Fairfield Stadium, its primary purpose was to serve as home field for Jacksonville's three new high schools – Lee, Jackson and Landon. At the opening of the stadium, Florida Governor John W. Martin called the stadium "the best place in Florida to watch a football game!"

Question: In which city is the Gator Bowl Stadium which hosted the Florida-Georgia game?
Answer: Jacksonville, Florida
Eugeniusz Bodo
Eugeniusz Bodo (born Bohdan Eugène Junod; 18991943) was a film director, producer and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the inter-war period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including "His Excellency, The Shop Assistant" (Polish: "Jego ekscelencja subiekt"), "Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?" and "Pieśniarz Warszawy". A skilled singer, he became one of the icons of Polish musical comedies of the time and a "symbol of Polish commercial cinema". Towards the end of that decade he also became a successful entrepreneur, a co-owner of a successful film studio, a café and a producers company. Arrested by the Soviets in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he perished in the Gulag.
Pedro Sienna
Pedro Sienna (13 May 1893—20 March 1972) was a Chilean playwright, poet, journalist, art critic and theatre and movie actor who is also remembered as one of his country's pioneering directors in the early years of silent film.

Question: Who was older at their time of death, Pedro Sienna or Eugeniusz Bodo?
Answer: Pedro Sienna
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was an American politician and lawyer. A Founding Father, he served as the third vice president of the United States during President Thomas Jefferson's first term from 1801 to 1805. His role in helping form the nation, however, would be overshadowed when he killed fellow Founding Father Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel. The duel led to the collapse of Burr's political career and tarnished his legacy in American history.
Your Obedient Servant (song)
"Your Obedient Servant" is the twentieth song from Act 2 of the musical "Hamilton", based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, which premiered on Broadway in 2015. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote both the music and lyrics to the song. The song is sung by the characters of Hamilton and Aaron Burr, originally performed by Miranda and Leslie Odom Jr., respectively.

Question: Who was the third Vice President of the United States, whose character sings the "Your Obedient Servant" song from Act 2 of the musical "Hamilton"?
Answer: Aaron Burr
Multiracial Americans
Chinese men entered the United States as laborers, primarily on the West Coast and in western territories. Following the Reconstruction era, as blacks set up independent farms, white planters imported Chinese laborers to satisfy their need for labor. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed and Chinese workers who chose to stay in the U.S. were unable to have their wives join them. In the South, some Chinese married into the black and mulatto communities, as generally, discrimination meant they did not take white spouses. They rapidly left working as laborers and set up groceries in small towns throughout the South. They worked to get their children educated and socially mobile.

Question: Who imported Chinese laborers?
Answer: white planters
Southampton
The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as "The Gateway to the Empire".

Question: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?
Answer: 1835
Dave Williams (singer)
David Wayne Williams (February 29, 1972 – August 14, 2002) was an American vocalist best known as the original lead singer for the nu metal band Drowning Pool.
Richie McDonald
Richard Vance McDonald (born February 6, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter. From 1998 until his departure in 2007, he was the lead singer of the group Lonestar, which recorded seven studio albums on BNA Records during his tenure as lead vocalist. For the first seven years of the band's existence, he alternated with then-bassist John Rich as vocalist. McDonald became the sole lead vocalist of Lonestar following Rich's departure. McDonald co-wrote several of the band's singles, and sang lead on all but one of them; he would rejoin the band in 2011. Outside Lonestar, he has charted twice as a guest vocalist on others' songs, in addition to releasing two independent albums and four solo singles.

Question: Richie McDonald and Dave Williams, have which common occupation?
Answer: singer
IPod
The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth-generation 30 GB iPod Classic was advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. However, an MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for the site getting, on average, less than 8 hours from an iPod. In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time. The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals with first or second-generation iPods either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement and offering individuals with third-generation iPods an extended warranty that would allow them to get a replacement iPod if they experienced battery problems.

Question: In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life?
Answer: 2003
U2
U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career.
Flow (Japanese band)
Flow (styled as FLOW) is a Japanese rock band formed in 1998 as a five-piece band made up of two vocalists, a drummer, a bassist, and a guitarist. They are signed to Sacra Music. As of April 2019, the band has released 34 singles, 2 collaboration singles with Granrodeo and 11 studio albums. Their songs have been featured in the opening sequences of several anime and Japanese drama series.

Question: Which of these bands has had songs featured in several anime series, U2 or Flow?
Answer: Flow
Sara McGreavy
Sara McGreavy, born 13 December 1982 in Leamington Spa is an English and UK former international track and field athlete. Educated at North Leamington Community School and Arts College she excelled at cross-country. After joining the Leamington Cycling and Athletics Club she became interested in 100m hurdles. She won five times at The English Schools Championships over this distance. Sarah also runs 60m hurdles indoors.
Cross country running
Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. Sometimes the runners are referred to as "harriers". The course, typically 4 - long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.

Question: Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as?
Answer: dirt or grass
Professional wrestling
If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee would begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time would end the count for everyone else, while in a Last Man Standing match this form of a countout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee would count when one or more wrestlers are down and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count does not stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.

Question: What happens if all wrestlers are down?
Answer: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw.
Aladdin's Dragons
Aladdin's Dragons is a 2000 bidding-based board game by Richard Breese. It is a reimplementation of his 1998 game "Keydom".
Sorry! (game)
Sorry! is a board game that is based on the ancient Indian cross and circle game "Pachisi". Players move their three or four pieces around the board, attempting to get all of their pieces "home" before any other player. Originally manufactured by W.H. Storey & Co in England and now by Hasbro, "Sorry!" is marketed for two to four players, ages 6 and up. The game title comes from the many ways in which a player can negate the progress of another, while issuing an apologetic "Sorry!"

Question: In between Sorry! and Aladdin's Dragons which is a reimplementation of his 1998 game "Keydom"?
Answer: Aladdin's Dragons
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of "architecture" and mere "construction", the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

Question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?
Answer: 20th-century
Ming–Tibet relations
Dreyfus writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434, several attempts by other families to establish hegemonies failed over the next two centuries until 1642 with the 5th Dalai Lama's effective hegemony over Tibet.

Question: What did the other families fail to establish?
Answer: hegemonies
Rondo Hatton
Rondo Hatton (April 22, 1894 – February 2, 1946) was an American journalist and occasional film actor with a minor career playing thuggish bit and extra parts in Hollywood B movies, culminating in his elevation to horror movie star-status with Universal Studios in the last two years of his life, and posthumously as a movie cult icon. He was known for his unique facial features, which were the result of acromegaly, a syndrome caused by a disorder of the pituitary gland.
Rondo Hatton
Hatton was born in the Kee Mar College girls' infirmary in Hagerstown, Maryland. The family moved several times during Hatton’s youth before settling in Hillsborough, Florida. He starred in track and football at Hillsborough High School and was voted Handsomest Boy in his class his senior year.
Jungle Captive
Jungle Captive is a 1945 sequel to "Jungle Woman" (1944), which had been preceded by "Captive Wild Woman" (1943). "Jungle Captive" features Otto Kruger, Amelita Ward, and Rondo Hatton (as a character named "Moloch"). Vicky Lane plays Paula Dupree the Ape Woman, the lead character from the two earlier films. The film was written by Dwight V. Babcock and directed by Harold Young.

Question: Which Marland-born actor stars as Moloch in The Jungle Captive?
Answer: Rondo Hatton
The Tower (2012 South Korean film)
The Tower (; "Tower") is a 2012 South Korean disaster thriller film about a fire that breaks out in a luxury skyscraper in central Seoul on Christmas Eve. The film is directed by Kim Ji-hoon, and stars Sol Kyung-gu, Kim Sang-kyung and Son Ye-jin in the lead roles. It was released in theaters on December 25, 2012.
The Tower (2012 South Korean film)
Lee Dae-ho (Kim Sang-kyung) is a single father and manager of the 120 story luxurious landmark building complex, "Tower Sky" in Yeouido, Seoul. He is an earnest employee liked by his colleagues and is secretly in love and secretly even wanted to marry with Seo Yoon-hee (Son Ye-jin), a restaurant manager. The owner of the complex, Mr. Jo decides to hold a "White Christmas" party for tenants and VIPs on Christmas Eve, with helicopters circling above with huge lights attached below them, sprinkling snow onto the party. Dae-ho has promised to spend the day at an amusement park with his daughter Ha-na, but had to cancel when he is needed at the party. However, the building has faulty water sprinklers due to frozen pipes, but Mr. Cha, the "Tower Sky"'s safety section head, is more concerned for the party than any possible architectural errors within the building, despite warnings from his fellow employers about these errors. (One example of their warnings is when cook Young-cheol (Jeon Bae-soo) accidentally leaves a stove on for too long and causes a minor fire.) Young-cheo is in love with a receptionist within the building named Min-jung, and even sneaks out of the kitchen while on duty to make her an ice cream. Meanwhile, Lee Seon-woo (Do Ji-han) is a rookie fireman entering the Yeouido Fire Station. When he gets accepted, he learns that many of the firefighters get more breaks than actual firefighting. In a prank to fool Seon-woo, the other firefighters ring the fire alarm for the squad to assemble while he takes a shower, causing him to appear in front of his entire team naked, much to the other firefighters' and even his own pleasure as they put his helmet on him for the first time.
Do Ji-han
Do Ji-han (born September 24, 1991) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his supporting roles in the film "The Tower" (2012), which earned him a Baeksang Arts Award nomination for Best New Actor, and on the KBS2's television series "" (2016–2017). He enlisted in the military on December 26, 2018.

Question: What city was the site of a 2015 South Korean thriller film that was released on Christmas Day and that starred an actor nominated for the Baeksang Arts Award for his performance?
Answer: Seoul
Comics
The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of "Zig et Puce" in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate. "The Adventures of Tintin", with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.

Question: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized?
Answer: 1929
IBM
IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$ million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see "SCO v. IBM").

Question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?
Answer: SCO v. IBM
Gwen Stefani
Gwen Renée Stefani ( ; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She is a co-founder and the lead vocalist of the band No Doubt, whose singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album "Tragic Kingdom", as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums.
Gwen Stefani
During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned six singles, including "What You Waiting For?", "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl", and "Cool". "Hollaback Girl" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006, Stefani released her second studio album, "The Sweet Escape". Among the singles were "Wind It Up" and "The Sweet Escape", the latter of which was number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 year-end chart of 2007. Her third solo album, "This Is What the Truth Feels Like" (2016), was her first solo album to reach number one on the "Billboard" 200 chart.
Happy Now? (No Doubt song)
"Happy Now?" is a song by American band No Doubt for their third studio album, "Tragic Kingdom" (1995). It was written by Gwen Stefani, Tom Dumont, and Tony Kanal, produced by Matthew Wilder, and released as the record's sixth single overall on September 23, 1997. The commercial CD singles were distributed exclusively in Australia and Sweden. However, the song was still released to radio stations in the United States. Musically, "Happy Now?" is a rock song with ska influence and lyrics detailing a painful breakup, specifically the former relationship between Stefani and Kanal.
Happy Now? (No Doubt song)
Despite not receiving a formal release in the United States nor filming a proper music video, "Happy Now?" received heavy rotation on Californian radio stations, such as KROQ. Critically, the single received a positive reception from music reviewers. Critics called the track emotional and strong and considered it a strong single despite its failure to reach the commercial success of prior singles from "Tragic Kingdom". "Happy Now?" has been performed by No Doubt at a number of live appearances, including during their 1995–97 Tragic Kingdom World Tour and at their nationwide Return of Saturn Tour in 2000.

Question: Which American singer, songwriter, fashion designer, actress, and television personality of the band No Doubt wrote the song "Happy Now?"?
Answer: Gwen Stefani
Uranium
For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by U, and also 49% by U (since the latter is formed from the former) and about 2.0% of them by the U. When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of U was probably much lower than this.

Question: What percentage of the alpha rays of natural uranium are emitted by 234U?
Answer: 49%
Copper
Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to include interior and exterior wall cladding, building expansion joints, radio frequency shielding, and antimicrobial and decorative indoor products such as attractive handrails, bathroom fixtures, and counter tops. Some of copper's other important benefits as an architectural material include low thermal movement, light weight, lightning protection, and recyclability

Question: What is an important benefit to using copper as an architectural material?
Answer: low thermal movement
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

Question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?
Answer: all
Alexander Graham Bell
In 1872, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists and inventors residing in the city. He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment. Bell had a specially made table where he could place his notes and equipment inside a locking cover. Worse still, his health deteriorated as he suffered severe headaches. Returning to Boston in fall 1873, Bell made a fateful decision to concentrate on his experiments in sound.

Question: What was Bell's discipline?
Answer: Vocal Physiology and Elocution
DJ BoBo
Peter René Baumann (born 5 January 1968), better known under his stage name DJ BoBo, is a Swiss singer-songwriter, rapper, dancer, and music producer. He has sold 14 million records worldwide and has released 12 studio albums as well as a few compilation albums which have included his previous hits in a reworked format. BoBo has also released as many as 34 singles to date, some of which have charted high not only in German speaking countries, but also in other European territories.
Planet Colors
Planet Colors is the seventh studio album by Swiss singer DJ BoBo, released in 2001. Three singles were released from the album during the same year: "What a Feeling", "Hard to Say I'm Sorry" and "Colors of Life".

Question: "Planet Colors" is the seventh studio album by a Swiss singer that has solk how many records worldwide?
Answer: 14 million
Infection
The top three single agent/disease killers are HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria. While the number of deaths due to nearly every disease have decreased, deaths due to HIV/AIDS have increased fourfold. Childhood diseases include pertussis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles and tetanus. Children also make up a large percentage of lower respiratory and diarrheal deaths. In 2012, approximately 3.1 million people have died due to lower respiratory infections, making it the number 4 leading cause of death in the world.

Question: Who makes up a large percentage of diarrheal deaths?
Answer: Children
Sanskrit
St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. Since September 2009, US high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate. Other schools that offer Sanskrit include the Ficino School in Auckland, New Zealand; St James Preparatory Schools in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa; John Colet School, Sydney, Australia; Erasmus School, Melbourne, Australia.

Question: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.?
Answer: Foreign Language
Alain-Fournier
Alain-Fournier (] ) was the pseudonym of Henri-Alban Fournier (3 October 1886 – 22 September 1914), a French author and soldier. He was the author of a single novel, "Le Grand Meaulnes" (1913), which has been twice filmed and is considered a classic of French literature. The book is partly based on his childhood unfolding in an atmosphere of mystical unreality beyond which the world of adulthood is perceived.
Storm Jameson
Margaret Ethel Storm Jameson (8 January 1891 – 30 September 1986) was an English journalist and author, known for her novels and reviews.

Question:  Storm Jameson and Alain-Fournier shared what literary occupation?
Answer: author
Egypt
By about 6000 BCE, a Neolithic culture rooted in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in Upper and Lower Egypt. The Badarian culture and the successor Naqada series are generally regarded as precursors to dynastic Egypt. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BCE.

Question: What culture succeeded the Naqada culture?
Answer: Badarian culture
Qing dynasty
As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his retirement, but denied the heredity of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them. The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.

Question: Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?
Answer: his son
Neptune
Neptune resembles Uranus in its magnetosphere, with a magnetic field strongly tilted relative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii, or about 13,500 km from the planet's physical centre. Before "Voyager 2"'s arrival at Neptune, it was hypothesised that Uranus's tilted magnetosphere was the result of its sideways rotation. In comparing the magnetic fields of the two planets, scientists now think the extreme orientation may be characteristic of flows in the planets' interiors. This field may be generated by convective fluid motions in a thin spherical shell of

Question: What might cause Neptune's extreme orientation? 
Answer: flows in the planets' interiors
Elio Petri
Elio Petri (29 January 1929 – 10 November 1982) was an Italian political filmmaker best known for the 1970 Academy Award-winning film "Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion".
Ralph Smart
Ralph Foster Smart {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (27 August 1908 – 12 February 2001) was a film and television producer, director, and writer, born in England to Australian parents.

Question: What occupation do Elio Petri the Italian and English-Australian Ralph Smart share?
Answer: filmmaker
The Incredible Hulk (film)
The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures, it is the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It was directed by Louis Leterrier from a screenplay by Zak Penn, and stars Edward Norton as Bruce Banner alongside Liv Tyler, Tim Roth, Tim Blake Nelson, Ty Burrell, and William Hurt. In the film, Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as an unwitting pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the "Super-Soldier" program through gamma radiation. Banner goes on the run from the military while attempting to cure himself of the Hulk.
The Incredible Hulk (film)
After the mixed reception to Universal's 2003 film "Hulk", Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character though Universal retained distribution rights. Leterrier, who had expressed interest in directing "Iron Man" for Marvel, was brought onboard and Penn began work on a script that would be much closer to the comics and the 1978 television series of the same name. In April 2007, Norton was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn's screenplay. His script positioned the film as a reboot of the series, distancing it from the 2003 film to give the new version its own identity. Norton was ultimately not credited for his writing. Filming took place from July to November 2007, primarily in Toronto, Canada, with additional filming in New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Over 700 visual effects shots were created in post-production using a combination of motion capture and computer-generated imagery to complete the film.
Iron Man in other media
The Marvel Comics character Iron Man has appeared in various other media since his debut in "Tales of Suspense" #39 (March 1963). Iron Man has been the focus of three animated series and a direct-to-DVD animated feature. An "Iron Man" live-action feature film starring Robert Downey Jr. as the character and directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2008, with Downey also appearing as the character in a cameo in "The Incredible Hulk", and as a main character in several other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe including "The Avengers", "", "", "", "", "", and "Black Widow" (archive footage taken from Civil War).
Iron Man in other media
Iron Man appeared in the 1966 series "The Marvel Super Heroes" where he was one of the five featured superheroes and was voiced by John Vernon.

Question: Who distributed the movie where Robert Downey appeared in his role as Ironman?
Answer: Universal Pictures
Martha Stewart Living
Martha Stewart Living is a magazine and former television program featuring entertaining and lifestyle expert Martha Stewart. Both the magazine and the television program focus on lifestyle content and the domestic arts.
Daily Tips for Modern Living
Daily Tips for Modern Living is a six-episode comedy television series which aired across Canada in 1998 on CBC Television. Greg Thomey portrayed Ernie Post, a caricature of a lifestyle program host. The show was conceived as a satire of "Martha Stewart Living", with up to six sketches per episode.

Question: What Canadian tv series is a satire of a magazine featuring Martha Stewart?
Answer: Daily Tips for Modern Living
Bernie Su
Bernie Su is an American web series creator, writer, director and producer. He is best known for his work on the Emmy Award-winning web series "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries" with Hank Green, a modern vlog-style adaptation of Jane Austen’s "Pride and Prejudice" which won YouTube’s first primetime Emmy. His five-platform interactive re-imagination of Austen’s "Emma", called "Emma Approved", won the same Emmy two years later. Su also worked on "Vanity", was Multi-channel network StyleHaul’s first original online series, with Maybelline New York attached as the exclusive sponsor for its centennial celebration.
Pride and Prejudice
Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813. The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness. Its humour lies in its honest depiction of manners, education, marriage, and money during the Regency era in Great Britain.
Pride and Prejudice
Mr Bennet of Longbourn estate has five daughters, but his property is entailed and can only be passed to a male heir. His wife also lacks an inheritance, so his family will be destitute upon his death. Thus it is imperative that at least one of the girls marry well to support the others, which is a motivation that drives the plot. The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match.

Question: Bernie Su created a modern vlog-style adaption of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice which was written in what year?
Answer: 1813
Germans
Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
Answer: Romanovs and the Habsburgs
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor Villa-Lobos ( , , Portuguese: ] ; March 5, 1887November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has become the best-known South American composer of all time. A prolific composer, he wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works, totaling over 2000 works by his death in 1959. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and by stylistic elements from the European classical tradition, as exemplified by his "Bachianas Brasileiras" (Brazilian Bachian-pieces). His Etudes for guitar (1929) were dedicated to Andrés Segovia, while his 5 Preludes (1940) were dedicated to his spouse Arminda Neves d’Almeida, a.k.a. "Mindinha." Both are important works in the guitar repertory.
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Villa-Lobos was born in Rio de Janeiro. His father, Raúl, was a civil servant, an educated man of Spanish extraction, a librarian, and an amateur astronomer and musician. In Villa-Lobos's early childhood, Brazil underwent a period of social revolution and modernisation, abolishing slavery in 1888 and overthrowing the Empire of Brazil in 1889. The changes in Brazil were reflected in its musical life: previously European music had been the dominant influence, and the courses at the "Conservatório de Música" were grounded in traditional counterpoint and harmony. Villa-Lobos underwent very little of this formal training. After a few abortive harmony lessons, he learnt music by illicit observation from the top of the stairs of the regular musical evenings at his house arranged by his father. He learned to play cello, clarinet, and guitar. When his father died suddenly in 1899 he earned a living for his family by playing in cinema and theatre orchestras in Rio.
Adalgisa Nery
Adalgisa Nery (October 29, 1905 – June 7, 1980) was a Brazilian poet, journalist and politician. 
Adalgisa Nery
She was born in Rio de Janeiro as Adalgisa Maria Feliciana Noel Cancela Ferreira, the daughter of a civil servant. In 1922 she married Ismael Nery (1900–1934), a painter and poet who introduced Adalgisa to a circle of Brazilian artists and intellectuals that included Manuel Bandeira, Jorge de Lima and Murilo Mendes. The Nerys lived in Europe from 1927 to 1929, where they met the artist Marc Chagall and the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos. Ismael died of tuberculosis in 1934, leaving Adalgisa with two sons.

Question: In which year was the Brazilian composer died with whom Adalgisa Nery met in Europe in between 1927 to 1929?
Answer: 1959
Nick Sakai
Nick Sakai is an American actor and producer. He has been seen in "High Maintenance", "The Affair", "Orange Is The New Black", and other shows. He produced, directed and starred in his own short films, "Ms Kiss" and "Three Minute Love Affair". His 2010 film "12", a parody of "24," became a YouTube sensation and was premiered at the 2010 Comic-Con. He also associate produced (and acted in) "The Professor" starring Betsy Brandt and Rick Peters. The film won the Best Action/Adventure short at 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International.
Betsy Brandt
Betsy Ann Brandt (born March 14, 1973) is an American actress. She portrayed Marie Schrader in "Breaking Bad" (2008–2013) and played Heather Hughes in the CBS sitcom "Life in Pieces" (2015–2019).

Question: What network does the star of "The Professor" co-star in a sitcom on? 
Answer: CBS
Len Bias
Leonard Kevin Bias (November 18, 1963June 19, 1986) was an American college basketball player who attended the University of Maryland. During his four years playing for Maryland, he was named a first-team All-American. Two days after being selected by the Boston Celtics with the second overall pick in the 1986 NBA draft, Bias died from cardiac arrhythmia induced by a cocaine overdose.
Len Bias
Bias was born and raised in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. He was one of four children born to James Bias Jr and Dr Lonise Bias. He had a sister, Michelle, and two brothers, Eric and James III (James III was known as "Jay").
1984 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament
The 1984 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, at the Greensboro Coliseum from March 9–11. Maryland defeated Duke, 74–62, to win the championship. Len Bias of Maryland was named the tournament MVP.

Question: How did the 1984 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament's MVP die?
Answer: cardiac arrhythmia induced by a cocaine overdose
Gates v. Collier
Gates v. Collier, 501 F.2d 1291 (5th Cir. 1974), was a landmark decision of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals that brought an end to the trusty system as well as flagrant inmate abuse at Mississippi State Penitentiary, also known as Parchman Farm, in Sunflower County, Mississippi. It was the first case in a body of law developed in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals holding that a variety of forms of corporal punishment against prisoners constituted cruel and unusual punishment and a violation of Eighth Amendment rights. This case was also the first broad-scale intervention by a court in the supervision of prison practices.
Boumediene v. Bush
Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008), was a writ of "habeas corpus" submission made in a civilian court of the United States on behalf of Lakhdar Boumediene, a naturalized citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, held in military detention by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba. Guantanamo Bay is not formally part of the United States, and under the terms of the 1903 lease between the United States and Cuba, Cuba retained ultimate sovereignty over the territory, while the United States exercises complete jurisdiction and control. The case was consolidated with habeas petition "Al Odah v. United States". It challenged the legality of Boumediene's detention at the United States Naval Station military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba as well as the constitutionality of the Military Commissions Act of 2006. Oral arguments on the combined cases were heard by the Supreme Court on December 5, 2007.

Question: Were Gates v. Collier and Boumediene v. Bush both cases in the federal court ?
Answer: no
Westminster Abbey
During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place – Frances Challen, wife of Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

Question: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?
Answer: cremated
Glynis Johns
Glynis Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a retired British stage, television and film actress, dancer, pianist, and singer. Born in Pretoria, South Africa, while her parents were on tour, she is best known for creating the role of Desiree Armfeldt in "A Little Night Music" on Broadway, for which she won a Tony Award, and for playing Winifred Banks in Walt Disney's musical motion picture "Mary Poppins." In both roles she sang songs written specifically for her, including "Send In the Clowns", composed by Stephen Sondheim, and "Sister Suffragette", written by the Sherman Brothers. She was nominated for an Oscar for her work in the 1960 film "The Sundowners". She is known for the breathy quality of her husky voice and her upbeat persona.
Third Time Lucky (1949 film)
Third Time Lucky is a 1949 British crime drama film directed by Gordon Parry and starring Glynis Johns, Dermot Walsh and Charles Goldner; Michael Hordern appears in the small uncredited role of "2nd Doctor". The film was made by producer Mario Zampi and released by General Film Distributors. It was shot at Twickenham and Southall Studios.

Question: What is the birth date of the actress who starred in the  1949 British crime drama film "Third Time Lucky" and has the initials G. J.?
Answer: 5 October 1923
The Young Victoria
The Young Victoria is a 2009 British period drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Julian Fellowes, based on the early life and reign of Queen Victoria, and her marriage to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Produced by Graham King, Martin Scorsese, Sarah Ferguson, and Timothy Headington, the film stars Emily Blunt, Rupert Friend, Paul Bettany, Miranda Richardson, Harriet Walter, Mark Strong, and Jim Broadbent among a large ensemble cast.
Sandy Powell (costume designer)
Sandy Powell {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 7 April 1960) is a British costume designer. She has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design fifteen times, winning three awards for the films "Shakespeare in Love" (1998), "The Aviator" (2004), and "The Young Victoria" (2009). She has also received fifteen BAFTA Award nominations, winning for "Velvet Goldmine" (1998), "The Young Victoria", and "The Favourite" (2018). Powell has been a frequent collaborator with directors Martin Scorsese and Todd Haynes, having designed the costumes for seven of Scorsese's films and four of Haynes's.

Question: Who directed the film which used the costume designs of Sandy Powell?
Answer: Jean-Marc Vallée
Emotion
Affective events theory is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes "time" in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes –\ a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in "Research on Emotion in Organizations" in 2005.

Question: Who did Beal write "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
Answer: Howard M. Weiss
Scott Speed
Scott Andrew Speed (born January 24, 1983) is an American race car driver, who currently races in Americas Rallycross Championship for Subaru Rally Team USA.
Scott Speed
In , Speed became the first American driver to race in Formula One since Michael Andretti in , when he made his début at the 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix for Scuderia Toro Rosso. He contested 28 races, before he was replaced midway through the season by Sebastian Vettel. Speed later turned his career towards stock car racing; specifically NASCAR, where he drove for Team Red Bull, Whitney Motorsports and Leavine Family Racing in the Sprint Cup Series. Subsequently, he moved into Global Rallycross with Andretti Autosport, winning the title in 2015, 2016 and 2017. On November 1, 2018, Speed announced he would be joining Subaru Rally Team USA for the 2019 ARX season.
Toro Rosso STR2
The Toro Rosso STR2 is the car with which the Scuderia Toro Rosso team competed in the Formula One season. It was unveiled on 13 February 2007 at the Circuit de Catalunya. The car is, controversially, a variant of the Red Bull RB3 chassis (although powered by a Ferrari instead of a Renault engine). It was initially driven by Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed, until Speed was replaced by Sebastian Vettel at the Hungaroring for the remainder of the season. The car in a modified form was also used to compete in the first four races of the Formula One season. The modified car was driven by Sébastien Bourdais, four-consecutive-time Champ Car winner, and Vettel. The STR2 was the first-ever Toro Rosso F1 car to use the mandatory 90-degree Formula One V8 engine configuration but Toro Rosso opted for the 2006-spec Ferrari 056 instead of the 2007-spec because of 1-year old Toro Rosso engine policy and also cost reasons.

Question: What driver for the Andretti Autosport team used to drive for the Scuderia Toro Rosso team?
Answer: Scott Speed