qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Alfred North Whitehead
To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person "really is". In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking.

Question: Instead of having an enduring essence, what does Whitehead believe?
Answer: all things flow"
The Tracey Ullman Show
The Tracey Ullman Show was an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following "Married... with Children") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States.
Bart Simpson
Bartholomew JoJo Simpson is a fictional character in the American animated television series "The Simpsons" and part of the Simpson family. He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and first appeared on television in "The Tracey Ullman Show" short "Good Night" on April 19, 1987. Cartoonist Matt Groening created and designed Bart while waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip, "Life in Hell", but instead decided to create a new set of characters. While the rest of the characters were named after Groening's family members, Bart's name is an anagram of the word "brat". After appearing on "The Tracey Ullman Show" for three years, the Simpson family received its own series on Fox, which debuted December 17, 1989. Bart has appeared in every "Simpsons" episode except "Four Great Women and a Manicure".

Question: Bartholomew JoJo "Bart" Simpson is a fictional character in the American animated television series "The Simpsons", he is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and first appeared on television in "The Tracey Ullman Show", is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman, it debuted on which date?
Answer: April 5, 1987
Sponge Cola
Sponge Cola (sometimes spelled Spongecola) is a Filipino rock band formed in 1998. The band is composed of Yael Yuzon on vocals and guitars, Gosh Dilay on bass, Armo Armovit on guitars and drummer Tedmark Cruz.
Catfish and the Bottlemen
Catfish and the Bottlemen are a Welsh indie rock band, formed in Llandudno, North Wales, in 2007. Their debut album, "The Balcony", reached number 10 in the UK Albums Chart and achieved Platinum status on 30 December 2016. The band has toured in South America, Japan, UK, Europe, North America, and Australia and have featured in a number of festivals including Lollapalooza, Glastonbury, Latitude, Falls Festival, Community Festival, Reading and Leeds, T in the Park , Governors Ball, All Points East, Bonnaroo, Splendour in the Grass, and Trnsmt Festival. They won a Brit Award for British Breakthrough act on 24 February 2016. On 27 May 2016, they released their second album, "The Ride", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart and has sold 100,000 units in the UK since its release. On 26 April 2019, they released their third album, "The Balance", which reached number 2 in the UK Albums Chart.

Question: Are Sponge Cola and Catfish and the Bottlemen both rock bands?
Answer: yes
Samoa
However, Samoans greatly resented New Zealand's colonial rule, and blamed inflation and the catastrophic 1918 flu epidemic on its misrule. By the late 1920s the resistance movement against colonial rule had gathered widespread support. One of the Mau leaders was Olaf Frederick Nelson, a half Samoan and half Swedish merchant. Nelson was eventually exiled during the late 1920s and early 1930s, but he continued to assist the organisation financially and politically. In accordance with the Mau's non-violent philosophy, the newly elected leader, High Chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi, led his fellow uniformed Mau in a peaceful demonstration in downtown Apia on 28 December 1929.

Question: What title was given to the Mau's elected leader, Tupua Tamasese Lealofi?
Answer: High Chief
Lochner v. New York
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905), was a landmark U.S. labor law case in the US Supreme Court, holding that limits to working time violated the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision has been effectively overturned.
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court holding that the Commerce Clause gave the U.S. Congress power to force private businesses to abide by Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in public accommodations.

Question: Between Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States and Lochner v. New York which occurred first?
Answer: Lochner v. New York
Department store
In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban centers throughout the Pittsburgh region as well as in Erie, Pennsylvania and Northeast Ohio. In December 1986, Horne's was acquired by a local investor group following ADG's acquisition by May Department Stores. By 1994, Federated Department Stores acquired the remaining ten Horne's stores and merged them with its Lazarus division, completely ceasing all operations of any store under the Horne's name.

Question: In what year did Horne began doing business?
Answer: 1849
Maniche
Nuno Ricardo de Oliveira Ribeiro (born 11 November 1977), known as Maniche (European Portuguese: ] ), is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.
2004 Intercontinental Cup
The 2004 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match that took place on 12 December 2004 between Porto of Portugal, winners of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League, and Once Caldas of Colombia, winners of the 2004 Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the neutral venue of the International Stadium Yokohama in Yokohama, Japan, in front of 45,748 fans. The match ended 0–0 after extra time, where Porto eventually won 8–7 in the penalty shoot-out. Maniche of Porto, despite being the only Porto player to miss his penalty kick, was named as man of the match.

Question: When was the 2004 Intercontinental Cup man of the match born?
Answer: 11 November 1977
Journal of Applied Physics
The Journal of Applied Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with a focus on the physics of modern technology. The journal was originally established in 1931 under the name of Physics, and was published by the American Physical Society for its first 7 volumes. In January 1937, ownership was transferred to the American Institute of Physics "in line with the efforts of the American Physical Society to enhance the standing of physics as a profession". The journal's current editor-in-chief is André Anders (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). According to the 2018 "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.328.
Gilbert Jerome Perlow
Gilbert "Gil" Jerome Perlow (10 February 1916 – 17 February 2007), was an American physicist famous for his work related to the Mössbauer effect, and an editor of the Journal of Applied Physics and Applied Physics Letters.

Question: Gilbert Jerome Perlow was an editor for which peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Institute of Physics?
Answer: The Journal of Applied Physics
Chigi Chapel
The Chigi Chapel or Chapel of the Madonna of Loreto ( ) is the second chapel on the left-hand side of the nave in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. It is the only religious building of Raphael which has been preserved in its near original form. The chapel is a treasure trove of Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and is ranked among the most important monuments in the basilica.
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (] ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Question: Which is the only religious building created by the Italian architect and painter of the High Renaissance who was born in 1483?
Answer: The Chigi Chapel
Middle Ages
During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308) and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348) led a reaction against intellectualist scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of universals. Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy. Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.

Question: What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?
Answer: England
Hiram Bingham III
Hiram Bingham III (November 19, 1875 – June 6, 1956) was an American academic, explorer and politician. He made public the existence of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu in 1911 with the guidance of local indigenous farmers. Later, Bingham served as Governor of Connecticut for a single day, and then as a member of the United States Senate.
Hiram Bingham III
Bingham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of Clara Brewster and Hiram Bingham II (1831–1908), an early Protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawai'i, the grandson of Hiram Bingham I (1789–1869) and Sybil Moseley Bingham (1792-1848), earlier missionaries. He attended O'ahu College, now known as Punahou School, from 1882 to 1892. He went to the United States in his teens in order to complete his education, entering Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1894. He earned a B.A. degree from Yale College in 1898, a degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1900, where he took one of the first courses on Latin American history offered in the United States, and Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1905. Since Harvard at the time did not have a specialist in Latin American history, Edward Gaylord Bourne of Yale served as the examiner for Bingham's qualifying exams. While at Yale, Bingham was a member of Acacia fraternity. He taught history and politics at Harvard and then served as preceptor under Woodrow Wilson at Princeton University. Princeton "did not much favor Latin American history," so in 1907, when Yale sought a replacement for Bourne, who had died an early death, it appointed Bingham as a lecturer in South American history. Bingham was one of the pioneers of teaching and research on Latin American history in the U.S. In 1908, he published an assessment of the field's prospects, "The Possibilities of South American History and Politics as a Field for Research," in which he surveyed library and archival resources in the U.S. as well as in South America. From 1924, he was a member of the Acorn Club.
Bingham (crater)
Bingham is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, relative to the Earth. It is named after the American academic, explorer and politician Hiram Bingham III. It lies just to the southeast of the much larger crater Lobachevskiy, and the northwestern part of the rim of Bingham is partly overlaid by ejecta from Lobachevsky. To the northeast of Bingham is the crater Guyot, and about a crater diameter to the south-southeast is Katchalsky. This is a roughly circular crater formation with a slight outward bulge along the southeastern side.

Question: Bingham was named after the politician who served from what state?
Answer: Connecticut
Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor (Old English: ] ; ] , ] ; 1003 – 5 January 1066) was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 to 1066.
Vita Ædwardi Regis
The Vita Ædwardi Regis qui apud Westmonasterium Requiescit ( ) or simply Vita Ædwardi Regis ( ) is a historical manuscript completed by an anonymous author 1067 and is suspected to have been commissioned by Queen Edith, wife of King Edward the Confessor. Due to insecure dating and authorship, the reference to a "queen" in the prologue, however, may just as well refer to Queen Matilda. It survives in one manuscript, dated c. 1100, now in the British Library. The author is unknown, but was a servant of the queen and probably a Fleming. The most likely candidates are Goscelin and Folcard, monks of St Bertin Abbey in St Omer.

Question:  Vita Ædwardi Regis is a historical manuscript completed by an anonymous author 1067 and commissioned by Queen Edith, wife of King Edward the Confessor, a man considered the last king of the House of Wessex, who ruled during what years?
Answer: 1042 to 1066
Political corruption
Typical second wave corruption metrics do not offer the worldwide coverage found in first wave projects and instead focus on localizing information gathered to specific problems and creating deep, "unpackable" content that matches quantitative and qualitative data.

Question: Unlike the first wave, the second wave does not offer what type of coverage?
Answer: worldwide
Ram ke Naam
Ram ke Naam (English: "In the Name of God") is a 1992 documentary by Indian filmmaker Anand Patwardhan. The film explores the campaign waged by the right wing Hindu-extremist organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad to build a Ram temple at the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, as well as the communal violence that it triggered. A couple of months after "Ram ke Naam" was released, VHP activists demolished the Babri Masjid in 1992, provoking further violence. The film earned Patwardhan a wide recognition, and received several national and international awards.
Demolition of the Babri Masjid
The demolition of the Babri Masjid on 6 December 1992 was done illegally by a large group of activists of the Vishva Hindu Parishad and allied organisations in relation to the Ayodhya dispute. The 16th-century Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya, in Uttar Pradesh was targeted after a political rally organised by Hindu nationalist organisations turned violent.
Demolition of the Babri Masjid
In Hindu tradition, the city of Ayodhya is the birthplace of Rama. In the 16th century a Mughal general, Mir Baqi, had built a mosque, known as the Babri Masjid at a site identified by some Hindus as "Ram Janmabhoomi", or the birthplace of Rama. The Archaeological Survey of India states that the mosque was built on land where a non-Islamic structure had previously existed. In the 1980s, the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) began a campaign for the construction of a temple dedicated to Rama at the site, with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) as its political voice. Several rallies and marches were held as a part of this movement, including the "Ram Rath Yatra" led by L. K. Advani.

Question: When was the 16th-century mosque demolished which occurred a couple of months after "Ram ke Naam" was released?
Answer: 6 December 1992
Elon Musk
Elon Reeve Musk ( ; born June 28, 1971) is an engineer, industrial designer, technology entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the founder, CEO, CTO and chief designer of SpaceX; early investor, CEO and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; co-founder of Neuralink; and co-founder and initial co-chairman of OpenAI. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018. In 2018, he was ranked 25th on the "Forbes" list of The World's Most Powerful People, and was ranked joint-first on the "Forbes" list of the Most Innovative Leaders of 2019. As of July 29, 2020, his net worth was estimated at $68 billion and he is listed by "Forbes" as the 9th-richest person in the world. He is the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.
Elon Musk
Musk was born to a Canadian mother and South African father and raised in Pretoria, South Africa. He briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada when he was 17 to attend Queen's University. He transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Wharton School and a bachelor's degree in physics from the College of Arts and Sciences. He moved to California in 1995 to begin a Ph.D. in applied physics and material sciences at Stanford University, but decided to pursue a business career instead of enrolling. He co-founded (with his brother Kimbal) Zip2, a web software company, which was acquired by Compaq for $340 million in 1999. Musk then founded X.com, an online bank. It merged with Confinity in 2000, which had launched PayPal the previous year and was subsequently bought by eBay for $1.5 billion in October 2002.
Zip2
Global Link Information Network was founded in 1995 by brothers Elon and Kimbal Musk and Greg Kouri in Palo Alto, California with money raised from a small group of angel investors, plus US$6,000 from Kouri. In Ashlee Vance's biography of Elon Musk, it is claimed that the Musks' father, Errol Musk, provided them with US$28,000 during this time, but Elon Musk later denied this. He later clarified that his dad provided around 10% of US$200,000 as part of a later funding round.
Zip2
Initially, Global Link provided local businesses with an Internet presence by linking their services to searchers and providing directions. Elon Musk combined a free Navteq database with a Palo Alto business database to create the first system.

Question: Which South African-born Canadian-American business magnate founded Global Link Information Network with his brother Kimbal Musk in 1995?
Answer: Elon Musk
Avicenna
The Necessary exists 'due-to-Its-Self', and has no quiddity/essence ("mahiyya") other than existence ("wujud"). Furthermore, It is 'One' ("wahid ahad") since there cannot be more than one 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' without differentia (fasl) to distinguish them from each other. Yet, to require differentia entails that they exist 'due-to-themselves' as well as 'due to what is other than themselves'; and this is contradictory. However, if no differentia distinguishes them from each other, then there is no sense in which these 'Existents' are not one and the same. Avicenna adds that the 'Necessary-Existent-due-to-Itself' has no genus ("jins"), nor a definition ("hadd"), nor a counterpart ("nadd"), nor an opposite ("did"), and is detached ("bari") from matter ("madda"), quality ("kayf"), quantity ("kam"), place ("ayn"), situation ("wad"), and time ("waqt").

Question: The necessary exists due to what?
Answer: Its-Self
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: , , ] ( ) ), formerly known as Petrograd ( ) (1914–1924), then Leningrad ( ) (1924–1991), is a city situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. It is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow. With over 5.3 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous city in Europe, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, as well as the northernmost metropolis in Europe and the world. As an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it is governed as a federal city.
Saint Petersburg
The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May [O.S. 16 May] 1703 , on the site of a captured Swedish fortress. It served as a capital of the Tsardom of Russia and the subsequent Russian Empire from 1713 to 1918 (being replaced by Moscow for a short period of time between 1728 and 1730). After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks moved their government to Moscow.
Méhée de La Touche
Jean-Claude-Hippolyte Méhée de La Touche (1762-1826) was the son of a surgeon in Meaux. Destined to succeed his father, he nevertheless left his home for Paris when he was 12, and ended up in the Bicêtre Prison. He was released at the coronation of Louis XVI of France in 1774, but in 1776, after the death of his parents, Méhée was again imprisoned in the Bicêtre. He escaped when he was sent to Brest to serve on the French fleet. He returned to Paris and was sent to Saint Petersburg as a spy under the name "Chevalier de La Touche" by Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau and Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette. He was soon uncovered and was sent out of Russia in March 1791. His next appointment as a spy was in Poland, where he established the "Gazette de Varsovie", a French newspaper in Warsaw. Again his role as a spy was discovered, and he was banished from Poland as well.

Question: Who was the surgeon's son turned spy sent to St Petersburg, Russia's second largert city?
Answer: Méhée de La Touche
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies. The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world. New Haven biannually hosts "The Game" between Yale and Harvard, the country's second-oldest college football rivalry. Numerous road races take place in New Haven, including the USA 20K Championship during the New Haven Road Race.

Question: What year did New Haven became a host for the Specials Olympics?
Answer: 1995
SC Paderborn 07
Sport-Club Paderborn 07 e.V., commonly known as simply SC Paderborn 07 (] ) or SC Paderborn, is a German association football club based in Paderborn, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club has enjoyed its greatest successes since the turn of the millennium, becoming a fixture in the 2. Bundesliga before finally earning promotion to the Bundesliga in the 2013–14 season. They suffered a hasty fall from grace, however, being relegated to the 2. Bundesliga after only a season in the top division, and then again to the 3. Liga the season after. The club returned to 2. Bundesliga, reaching 2nd place in the 2018–19 season and was promoted to the Bundesliga. The club finished 18th in the 2019-20 season and returned to the 2. Bundesliga.
Stefan Emmerling
Stefan Emmerling (born 10 February 1966) is a German retired football player who last managed Rot-Weiß Erfurt.

Question: Stefan Emmerling last managed this team which based where?
Answer: Paderborn, North Rhine-Westphalia
Alfred North Whitehead
Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.

Question: What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher? 
Answer: rank amateur
Firaxis Games
Firaxis Games, Inc. is an American video game developer based in Sparks, Maryland. The company was founded in May 1996 by Sid Meier, Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds following their departure from MicroProse, Meier's earlier venture. They were acquired by Take-Two Interactive in August 2005, and subsequently became part of the publisher's 2K label. Firaxis Games is best known for developing the "Civilization" and "XCOM" series, as well as many other games bearing Meier's name.
Firaxis Games
Firaxis Software was founded on May 1, 1996, by Sid Meier, Brian Reynolds and Jeff Briggs, three video game designers formerly employed by MicroProse, a video game venture founded by Meier and partner Bill Stealey in 1982. The name "Firaxis", a portmanteau of "fiery" and "axis", was derived from the name of an eponymous piece of music created by Briggs. Briggs explained that they decided to stay in the Baltimore area, rather than moving to Silicon Valley, because it was "just a great place to be". Unlike MicroProse, Firaxis Software aimed at being a "design house", leaving manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their games to outside contractors. As such, the company talked to six potential video game publishers for their games, and finally signed an agreement with Electronic Arts, through which their games would be distributed under Electronic Arts' Origin Systems label. The studio's opening was announced on June 24, 1996. Firaxis Software was originally located in a 2,500-square-foot office on Gilroy Road in Hunt Valley, Maryland, temporarily sharing office space. To accommodate their growth, in February 1997, they announced that they were moving their corporate headquarters to a 7,200-square-foot office suite in Executive Plaza III, an office building on 11350 McCormick Road and part of the Hunt Valley Business Community. The deal, assisted by MacKenzie/O'Conor, Piper & Flynn Commercial Real Estate Services broker William W. Whitty Jr., was expected to be completed by March that year. The company had 13 employees at the time.
Jeff Briggs
Dr. Jeffery L. Briggs (born March 10, 1957, in Florence, Alabama, United States) is the American founder and former President and CEO of Firaxis Games, a video game developer based in Hunt Valley, Maryland, United States. He was previously a game designer at MicroProse but left that company in 1996 along with Sid Meier and Brian Reynolds to form Firaxis Games.

Question: "Civilization" was created by a company based out of what US location?
Answer: Hunt Valley, Maryland
Frederick R. Koch
Frederick Robinson Koch ( ; August 26, 1933 – February 12, 2020) was an American collector and philanthropist, the eldest of the four sons born to American industrialist Fred Chase Koch, founder of what is now Koch Industries, and Mary Clementine (née Robinson) Koch. 
Fred C. Koch
Fred Chase Koch ( ; September 23, 1900 – November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, a privately held company which, under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch's sons Charles and David, was listed by "Forbes" in 2015 as the second-largest privately held company in the United States.

Question: Frederick Robinson Koch ( born August 26, 1933) is an American collector and philanthropist, the eldest of the four sons born to which American industrialist chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries?
Answer: Fred Chase Koch
Hydrogen
Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H3+ ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation.

Question: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
Answer: trihydrogen cation
Tommy Lee Jones
Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received four Academy Award nominations, winning the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film "The Fugitive".
Back Roads (1981 film)
Back Roads is a 1981 American romantic comedy film starring Sally Field and Tommy Lee Jones. It is directed by Martin Ritt. It got middling reviews and grossed $11 million at the box office. This was the first film produced by CBS Theatrical Films (a short lived film production branch of CBS). The movie was distributed by Warner Bros.

Question: What actor who received four Academy Award nominations starred with Sally Field in Back Roads?
Answer: Tommy Lee Jones
Matt Hume
Matt Hume (born July 14, 1966) is an American mixed martial artist. He is the founder and head trainer at AMC Pankration in Kirkland, WA, home to former UFC flyweight champion Demetrious Johnson and ONE bantamweight champion Bibiano Fernandes. Hume has trained numerous world class fighters including Josh Barnett, Tim Boetsch Bob Sapp, Chris Leben, Hayato Sakurai, Akira Shoji, Matt Brown, Rich Franklin, Mario Miranda and Caros Fodor.
Tim Boetsch
Timothy A. Boetsch ( ; born January 28, 1981) is an American professional mixed martial artist currently fighting in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional since 2006, Boetsch has formerly competed as an alternate for the New York Pitbulls in the International Fight League and King of the Cage. 
Tim Boetsch
Boetsch was born in Lincolnville, Maine and has a brother, Aaron, who is ten years older than him. Boetsch began wrestling when he was six years old, and had always admired his older brother's wrestling abilities. Boetsch, who also practiced Jeet Kune Do, attended Camden Hills Regional High School, where his achievements on the wrestling mat were staggering. Boetsch was a four-time state wrestling champion, and won almost every tournament that he participated in. On August 4, 2012, he was inducted into the Maine Wrestling Hall of Fame. He then attended Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania on a wrestling scholarship, but had mixed results in his wrestling career there. Boetsch had trouble settling into the right weight-class, and was not consistent. His college roommate, who was also on the wrestling team, had been training with the legendary Pat Miletich after he left college. Boetsch's roommate then offered Boetsch the opportunity to fight in Iowa, and Boetsch, who was landscaping in Pennsylvania at the time, accepted.

Question: What American mixed martial artist, born on January 28, 1981, was trained by Matt Hume?
Answer: Tim Boetsch
Royal Dutch Shell
As the "Kulluk" oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a "Fortune" magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."

Question: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what?
Answer: wipe out the entire drilling season
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives
In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional politicians. This era was "marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress." Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House

Question: What party characteristics emerged in the house in late 19th century?
Answer: strong party organization and professional politicians
Changtse
Changtse ( ) is a mountain situated between the Main Rongbuk and East Rongbuk Glaciers in Tibet Autonomous Region, China, immediately north of Mount Everest. It is connected to Mount Everest via the North Col.
Distaghil Sar
Disteghil Sar or Distaghil Sar ( ) is the highest mountain in the Hispar Muztagh, a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range, in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is the 19th highest mountain on earth and the 7th highest peak in Pakistan. Destghil sar is a Wakhi language word, that means "above the inner ranch." The mountain has an about 3 km long top ridge above 7400m with three distinct summits: northwest 7885m, central 7760 m, and southeast 7696m or 7535m ().

Question: In between Distaghil Sar and Changtse which one is connected to Mount Everest via the North Col?
Answer: Changtse
Vanes Martirosyan
Vanes Martirosyan ( ; born May 1, 1986) is an Armenian-American professional boxer. He has challenged twice for a light middleweight world title in 2013 and 2016, and once for a unified middleweight world title in 2018.
Kourtney Kardashian
Kourtney Mary Kardashian (born April 18, 1979) is an American media personality, socialite, and model. In 2007, she and her family began starring in the reality television series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians". Its success led to the creation of spin-offs including "Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami" and "Kourtney and Kim Take New York".

Question: Are both Kourtney Kardashian and Vanes Martirosyan boxers?
Answer: no
Bluegrass region
The Bluegrass region (Shawnee: Eskippakithiki) is a geographic region in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It makes up the northern part of the state, roughly bounded by the cities of Frankfort, Paris, Richmond and Stanford. The Bluegrass region is characterized by underlying fossiliferous limestone, dolomite, and shale of the Ordovician geological age. Hills are generally rolling, and the soil is highly fertile for growing pasture. Since the antebellum years, the region has been a center for breeding quality livestock, especially thoroughbred race horses. Since the late 20th century, the area has become increasingly developed with residential and commercial properties, particularly around Lexington, the business center. Although Bluegrass music is popular throughout the region, the genre is indirectly named for the state rather than the region.
Bluegrass region
Before European-American settlement, various cultures of Indigenous peoples of the Americas adapted to the region. The region had mostly a savannah of wide grasslands, with interspersed enormous oak trees. The local indigenous peoples hunted its large herds of bison and other game, especially near mineral licks. The name "Kentucky" means "meadow lands" in several different Indigenous languages of the Americas, and was specifically applied to this region. Europeans adopted the name to apply to the state. "Bluegrass" is a common name given in the United States for grass of the "Poa" genus, the most famous being the Kentucky bluegrass.
Muir Site
The Muir Site, (15JS86), is an Early Fort Ancient culture archaeological site located in Jessamine County, Kentucky, in the Bluegrass region of the state. It was occupied from about 1010 to 1255 CE during the Osborne Phase of the local chronology. The site is near Jessamine Creek, on top of a broad ridge. Unlike later Fort Ancient villages, which are more compact, the Muir site structures were spread out over the ridge top. These structures were rectangular with single set post construction, as opposed to Mississippian style wall trench construction. Within the houses were 30 cm to 50 cm deep floor basins with centrally located hearths for cooking and heating. Pottery found at the Muir site was limestone-tempered, unlike some later Fort Ancient pottery which became mussel shell tempered after contact with Mississippian cultures.

Question:  Muir Site is located in this region of Kentucky which makes up what part of the state?
Answer: northern
John Popper
John Popper (born March 29, 1967) is an American musician and songwriter. He is most famous for his role as frontman of rock band Blues Traveler performing harmonica, guitar, and vocals.
Beyoncé
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( ; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time.
Beyoncé
During Destiny's Child's hiatus, Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut with a role in the US box-office number-one "Austin Powers in Goldmember" (2002) and began her solo music career. She became the first music act to debut at number one with their first six solo studio albums on the "Billboard" 200. Her debut album "Dangerously in Love" (2003) featured four "Billboard" Hot 100 top five songs, including the number-one singles "Crazy in Love" featuring rapper Jay-Z and "Baby Boy" featuring singer-rapper Sean Paul. Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, "B'Day", which contained her first US number-one solo single "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar", which topped the charts in most countries. Beyoncé continued her acting career with starring roles in "The Pink Panther" (2006), "Dreamgirls" (2006), and "Obsessed" (2009). Her marriage to Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in "Cadillac Records" (2008) influenced her third album, "I Am... Sasha Fierce" (2008), which earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010. It spawned the UK number-one single "If I Were a Boy", the US number-one single "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and the top five single "Halo".

Question: Who plays the harmonica, John Popper or Beyoncé?
Answer: John Popper
Brazzers
Brazzers ( ) is a Canadian pornographic production company with headquarters in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and legal domicile in Limassol, Cyprus. With an online network consisting of thirty-one hardcore pornography websites, the company's slogan is "World's Best HD Porn Site!". The site contains 9729 videos, which were published by 33 different sites (December 2019).
Brazzers
Founded in 2005 by a group of Montreal investors, Brazzers became part of a larger group of pornographic sites under the corporate name of Mansef. In 2010 Mansef was sold to Fabian Thylmann and rebranded as Manwin Inc. In December 2012 Thylmann was extradited from Belgium to Germany on suspicion of tax evasion.
Ramón Nomar
Ramón Nomar (born 9 January 1974) is a Spanish pornographic actor. He started his pornographic career around the age of 23, and he has worked with pornographic film producers Reality Kings, Brazzers and New Sensation.

Question: Ramón Nomar has worked with which Montreal-based porn company?
Answer: Brazzers
Flu (film)
Flu (; alternatively titled The Flu) is a 2013 South Korean disaster film written and directed by Kim Sung-su, about an outbreak of a deadly strain of H5N1 that kills its victims within 36 hours, throwing the district of Bundang in Seongnam, which has a population of nearly half a million people, into chaos. It stars Jang Hyuk and Soo Ae.
Park Min-ha (actress)
Park Min-ha (born July 2, 2007) is a South Korean actress. Park began her career as a child actress in 2011, and has appeared in such productions as the South Korean disaster film "Flu" (2013), the Korean drama television series "King of Ambition" (2013), and the music video for K.Will's song "Love Blossom" (2013). Her father is SBS anchorman Park Chan-min.

Question: Park Min-ha has appeared in the 2013 South Korean disaster film directed by whom?
Answer: Kim Sung-su
Arvydas Sabonis
Arvydas Romas Sabonis (] ; born December 19, 1964) is a Lithuanian retired professional basketball player and businessman. Recognized as one of the best European players of all time, he won the Euroscar six times, and the Mr. Europa Award twice. He played in a variety of leagues, and spent seven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), in the United States. Playing the center position, Sabonis won a gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, in South Korea, for the Soviet Union, and later earned bronze medals at the 1992 Olympic Games and 1996 Olympic Games, while representing Lithuania. He retired from professional basketball in 2005. Sabonis was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers, in the first round of the 1986 NBA draft, but he did not play his first NBA game until the age of 30, in 1995.
2002–03 Portland Trail Blazers season
The 2002–03 NBA season was the 33rd season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, Arvydas Sabonis came out of his retirement and returned to play for the Blazers, who got off to a mediocre 10–11 start, but then posted an 8-game winning streak in December. The team finished 50–32, making the playoffs for the 21st consecutive year and 26th year of the last 27. In the playoffs, the 6th-seeded Blazers battled the Dallas Mavericks in the first round, and fell four games to three. (The NBA had changed all playoff series to be best-of-seven; previously first-round series had been best-of-five). The Blazers remain the last team to force a Game 7 after trailing 3-0 in a best-of-seven series after the 1950-51 Knicks in the NBA Finals and the 1993-94 Nuggets in the Western Conference Semifinals, though no team has come back to win an NBA playoff series after trailing 3-0.

Question: Who is the retired professional basketball player and businessman who came out of his retirement and returned to play for the Blazers 
Answer: Arvydas Romas Sabonis
Catalan language
Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed and ; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary.

Question: How are a and e in western dialects?
Answer: distinct
Alison Doody
Alison Doody (born March 9, 1966) is an Irish model and actress. After making her feature film debut with a small part in Bond film "A View to a Kill" (1985), she went on to play Elsa Schneider in "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" (1989). Other roles include Siobhan Donavan in "A Prayer for the Dying" (1987), Charlotte in "Taffin" (1988) and Rebecca Flannery in "Major League II" (1994).
Taffin
Taffin is a 1988 Irish thriller film directed by Francis Megahy and starring Pierce Brosnan in the title role of Mark Taffin. It also featured Ray McAnally, Alison Doody and Jeremy Child. It is based on Lyndon Mallet's book series.
Taffin
Mark Taffin (Pierce Brosnan), a debt collector in the small town of Ballymoran (actually Wicklow town), uses his smarts and martial arts skills to help locals collect debts they are owed. He beats up a restaurant owner and collects his car to pay the man's debt, and aids a trio of young men who have been sold a faulty van. He also helps Charlotte (Alison Doody), a local barmaid, who is having trouble with her employer, and who becomes his girlfriend.

Question: What is the name of the role of an Irish actress in "A Prayer for the Dying" who is a part of Taffin film along with  Ray McAnally and Jeremy Child?
Answer: Siobhan Donavan
London
In 2008, "Time" named London alongside New York City and Hong Kong as Nylonkong, hailing it as the world's three most influential global cities. In January 2015, Greater London's population was estimated to be 8.63 million, the highest level since 1939. During the Brexit referendum in 2016, the UK as a whole decided to leave the European Union, but a majority of London constituencies voted to remain in the EU.

Question: The population of Greater London in January 2015 was its greatest since what year?
Answer: 1939
Tim Donaghy
Timothy Francis Donaghy ( ; born January 7, 1967) is a former professional basketball referee who worked in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 13 seasons from 1994 to 2007. During his career in the NBA, Donaghy officiated in 772 regular season games and 20 playoff games.
Ronnie Nunn
Ronnie Nunn (born in Brooklyn, New York) is a former professional basketball referee in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for nineteen seasons and served for five years as the league's Director of Officials, until being reassigned in 2008 in the wake of the Tim Donaghy scandal. More recently he was host of "Making the Call With Ronnie Nunn" for seven seasons on NBA TV. He officiated 1,134 regular season, 73 playoff, four NBA Finals games, and the 1996 NBA All-Star Game.. Nunn continues his career in basketball by serving as a consultant to the Euroleague and the (NBL) National Basketball League of Australia, along with being a guest analyst for BBallbreakdown.com and a Consultant Volunteer with the newly established professional league,(TBL), The Basketball League. His NunnBetterRefs Camps (nunnbetterrefs.com) provide instruction, training and development for enhancing the performance of basketball officials. His Twitter account @NunnBetterRefs also provides commentary and answers to referee decisions and calls for all aficionados of basketball worldwide. Additionally, Nunn created an innovated program, NewHoopsIQ (ronnienunn.com) or (New Hoops IQ.com) designed to maximize player time and productivity while targeting how to minimize fouling tendencies. Nunn implemented his program with the NY Knicks during the 2012-13 season as a "specialty coach" assisting them in their return to the playoffs from considerable long term absence.

Question: Where was the Director of Officials, in the wake of a scandal by a referee born in 1967, born?
Answer: Brooklyn, New York
Light-emitting diode
Phosphor-based LEDs have efficiency losses due to heat loss from the Stokes shift and also other phosphor-related issues. Their luminous efficacies compared to normal LEDs depend on the spectral distribution of the resultant light output and the original wavelength of the LED itself. For example, the luminous efficacy of a typical YAG yellow phosphor based white LED ranges from 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy of the original blue LED because of the human eye's greater sensitivity to yellow than to blue (as modeled in the luminosity function). Due to the simplicity of manufacturing, the phosphor method is still the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs. The design and production of a light source or light fixture using a monochrome emitter with phosphor conversion is simpler and cheaper than a complex RGB system, and the majority of high-intensity white LEDs presently on the market are manufactured using phosphor light conversion.

Question: What do phosphor-based LEDs luminous efficacies depend on?
Answer: the spectral distribution of the resultant light output
Dick Teague
Richard "Dick" A. Teague (December 26, 1923 – May 5, 1991) was an American industrial designer in the North American automotive industry. He held automotive design positions at General Motors, Packard, and Chrysler before becoming Vice President of Design for American Motors Corporation (AMC), and designed several notable show cars and production vehicles including AMC's Pacer, Gremlin and Hornet models, as well as the Jeep Cherokee XJ and either designed or assisted in the designing of later cars for Chrysler such as the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Neon after American Motors' buyout.
AMC Gremlin
The AMC Gremlin (also American Motors Gremlin) is a subcompact automobile introduced in 1970, manufactured and marketed in a single, two-door body style (1970–1978) by American Motors Corporation (AMC), as well as in Mexico (1974–1978) by AMC's Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) subsidiary.

Question: What is the American subcompact automobile manufactured and marketed in America designed by Richard Teague?
Answer: AMC Gremlin