qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Jehovah's Witnesses
Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that "losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah." The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.

Question: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals does?
Answer: keeps the congregation free from immoral influence
Nintendo Entertainment System
Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom is compatible with both Famicom cartridges and Famicom Disk System disks. Like the Famicom, it is red and black and has hardwired controllers, but has a different case design. The SHARP 19SC111 television includes a built-in Famicom. A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market. This deal with Hyundai was made necessary because of the South Korean government's wide ban on all Japanese "cultural products", which remained in effect until 1998 and ensured that the only way Japanese products could legally enter the South Korean market was through licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor (see also Japan–Korea disputes). In India, the system was sold under the name Samurai and assembled locally under license from kits due to policies that banned imports of electronics.

Question: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?
Answer: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor
Naughty or Nice (2012 film)
Naughty or Nice is a 2012 Christmas-oriented Hallmark Channel Original Movie directed by David Mackay, and starring Hilarie Burton, Matt Dallas, Danneel Ackles, and Michelle Hurd.
Naughty or Nice (2012 film)
This film reunites Meredith Baxter and Michael Gross, who both starred in the television series "Family Ties". Burton and Ackles starred together on the television series "One Tree Hill".
Meredith Baxter
Meredith Ann Baxter (born June 21, 1947) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her roles on the ABC drama series "Family" (1976–80) and the NBC sitcom "Family Ties" (1982–89), credited as Meredith Baxter Birney. A five-time Emmy Award nominee, one of her nominations was for playing the title role in the 1992 TV film "A Woman Scorned: The Betty Broderick Story".

Question: Which television channel aired an original Christmas movie that starred a five-time Emmy Award nominee?
Answer: Hallmark Channel
William Gaddis
William Thomas Gaddis, Jr. (December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist.
William Gaddis
The first and longest of his five novels, "The Recognitions", was named one of TIME magazine's 100 best novels from 1923 to 2005
Virginia Woolf
Adeline Virginia Woolf ( ; ; 25 January 1882 28 March 1941) was an English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.
Virginia Woolf
Woolf was born into an affluent household in South Kensington, London, the seventh child in a blended family of eight which included the modernist painter Vanessa Bell. Her mother was Julia Prinsep Jackson and her father Leslie Stephen. While the boys in the family received college educations, the girls were home-schooled in English classics and Victorian literature. An important influence in Virginia Woolf's early life was the summer home the family used in St Ives, Cornwall, where she first saw the Godrevy Lighthouse, which was to become central in her novel "To the Lighthouse" (1927).

Question: William Gaddis and Virginia Woolf, are Americans?
Answer: no
Fred Agabashian
Levon "Fred" Agabashian (August 21, 1913 – October 13, 1989) was an American racer of midget cars and Indy cars.
William Saroyan
William Saroyan ( ; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film The Human Comedy. When the studio rejected his original 240-page treatment, he turned it into a novel, "The Human Comedy."

Question: Who died later: William Saroyan or Fred Agabashian?
Answer: Levon "Fred" Agabashian
Detroit
Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North End, and Osborn. Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts. Additionally, the city has cleared a 1200 acre section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the "Far Eastside Plan". In 2011, Mayor Dave Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.

Question: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?
Answer: $300-million
Virgil
The "Aeneid" is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of Western literature (T. S. Eliot referred to it as 'the classic of all Europe'). Virgil worked on the "Aeneid" during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter verse which describe the journey of Aeneas, a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy, to Italy, his battle with the Italian prince Turnus, and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge. The "Aeneid"'s first six books describe the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Rome. Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic; Homer, the preeminent author of classical epic, is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes special use of the Latin poet Ennius and the Hellenistic poet Apollonius of Rhodes among the various other writers to which he alludes. Although the "Aeneid" casts itself firmly into the epic mode, it often seeks to expand the genre by including elements of other genres such as tragedy and aetiological poetry. Ancient commentators noted that Virgil seems to divide the "Aeneid" into two sections based on the poetry of Homer; the first six books were viewed as employing the "Odyssey" as a model while the last six were connected to the "Iliad".

Question: Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius?
Answer: Augustus
Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
Lake Sacajawea
Lake Sacajawea is formed by the Ice Harbor Dam on the Snake River. It stretches from there upstream to the Lower Monumental Dam. It is named for Sacajawea, a Shoshone woman who accompanied Meriwether Lewis and William Clark during their exploration of the American West.

Question: When was the American explorer which was accompanied by Lake Sacajawea during their exploration of the American West born?
Answer: August 18, 1774
Disney's BoardWalk Resort
Disney's BoardWalk Resort is a AAA Four-Diamond Award–winning hotel and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World resort, in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando, Florida. First opened in 1996, the BoardWalk Resort lies in the Epcot Resort Area, alongside Crescent Lake, and is situated between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios. The resort is owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. The inn and the villas share a common lobby with the rest of the resort. The Inn, Atlantic Dance Hall, and other features of the boardwalk were designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects.
Walt Disney World Swan
The Walt Disney World Swan is a resort hotel designed by the 2012 Driehaus Prize winner Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios behind Disney's BoardWalk Resort and across from its sister resort, the Walt Disney World Dolphin. The Swan, which opened January 13, 1990 on Disney property, is a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company, Tishman Hotel Corporation, MetLife and Starwood Hotels and Resorts. The land the resort occupies is owned by the Walt Disney Company, while the buildings themselves are leased by Disney to the Tishman Hotel Corporation and MetLife and operated by Marriott International under the Westin Hotels & Resorts brand. The Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin are a part of the Walt Disney Collection of resorts; because of this they are Disney branded and guests of the resort have access to special Disney benefits available to Disney Resort Hotel guests only.

Question: The Walt Disney World Swan is a resort hotel designed by architect Michael Graves located between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios behind  Disney's BoardWalk Resort is a AAA Four-Diamond Award–winning hotel and entertainment complex at the Walt Disney World resort, in Bay Lake, in which US state?
Answer: Florida
Duboisia
Duboisia (commonly called corkwood tree) is a genus of small perennial shrubs and trees up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark. There are four species; all occur in Australia, and one also occurs in New Caledonia.
Ctenanthe
Ctenanthe is a genus of flowering plants of the family Marantaceae described as a genus in 1884. They are evergreen perennials, native to Central and South America (primarily Brazil). They are grown for their attractive, often variegated foliage. They are frost tender, requiring a minimum temperature of 13 C .

Question: Which Genus has four species, Duboisia or Ctenanthe?
Answer: Duboisia
Cyprus
One of the features of Cypriot art is a tendency towards figurative painting although conceptual art is being rigorously promoted by a number of art "institutions" and most notably the Nicosia Municipal Art Centre. Municipal art galleries exist in all the main towns and there is a large and lively commercial art scene. Cyprus was due to host the international art festival Manifesta in 2006 but this was cancelled at the last minute following a dispute between the Dutch organizers of Manifesta and the Cyprus Ministry of Education and Culture over the location of some of the Manifesta events in the Turkish sector of the capital Nicosia.

Question: What type of art is being promoted by art institutions in Cyprus?
Answer: conceptual art
Howard Hughes
Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, investor, record-setting pilot, engineer, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an influential figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle—oddities that were caused in part by his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from a near-fatal plane crash and increasing deafness.
Where Danger Lives
Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum, Faith Domergue and Claude Rains.
Where Danger Lives
Dr. Jeff Cameron (Mitchum) treats an attempted suicide victim (Domergue). She signs herself out of the hospital, but sends a telegram telling him her name, Margo, and her address. To his surprise, he finds she lives in a mansion. He breaks a date with his nurse girlfriend, Julie (Maureen O'Sullivan), because he is worried Margo may try to commit suicide again.

Question: What disorder the man whose protege starred in Where Danger Lives have?
Answer: OCD
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Isambard Kingdom Brunel {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859) was an English civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history", "one of the 19th-century engineering giants", and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions". Brunel built dockyards, the Great Western Railway (GWR), a series of steamships including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship, and numerous important bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.
Bob Godfrey
Roland Frederick Godfrey MBE (27 May 1921 – 21 February 2013), known as Bob Godfrey, was an English animator whose career spanned more than fifty years. He is probably best known for the children's cartoon series "Roobarb" (1974–75), "Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk" (1976-77) and "Henry's Cat" (1983–95) and for the Trio chocolate biscuit advertisements shown in the UK during the early 1980s. However, he also produced a BAFTA and Academy award-winning short film "Great" (1975), a humorous biography of Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Further Academy Awards nominations received were for "Kama Sutra Rides Again" (1971), "Dream Doll" (1979), with Zlatko Grgic, and "Small Talk" (1994) with animator Kevin Baldwin.

Question: Though he won an Academy award for his short film biography of a 19th centry English engineering giant, this animator is also known for advirtisements of what product in the UK in the early 1980s?
Answer: Trio chocolate biscuit
2016 New York Jets season
The 2016 New York Jets season was the franchise's 47th season in the National Football League, the 57th overall and the second under head coach Todd Bowles. The team failed to improve on their 10–6 record from 2015, and missed the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season, instead finishing 5–11 and dead last in their division.
Todd Bowles
Todd Robert Bowles (born November 18, 1963) is an American football coach who is the defensive coordinator of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL), as well as a former player. He played eight seasons in the NFL as a safety, mainly for the Washington Redskins, and started in Super Bowl XXII against the Denver Broncos. Bowles was the interim defensive coordinator for the Philadelphia Eagles in 2012, and then for the Arizona Cardinals in 2013 and 2014. He was the interim head coach for the Miami Dolphins for the final three games of the 2011 season with a 2-1 record after the firing of Tony Sparano, and served as the head coach of the New York Jets from 2015–2018.

Question: The 2016 New York Jets was coached by somewho played how many seasons in the NFL?
Answer: eight
Lawrence v. Texas
In 1998, John Geddes Lawrence Jr. was arrested along with an acquaintance at his apartment in Harris County, Texas, when sheriff's deputies found them engaging in sexual intercourse. Lawrence and his partner, Tyron Garner, were charged with a misdemeanor under Texas' anti-sodomy law; both pleaded no contest and received a fine. Assisted by the American civil rights organization Lambda Legal, Lawrence and Garner appealed their sentences to the Texas Courts of Appeals, which ruled in 2000 that the sodomy law was unconstitutional. Texas appealed to have the court rehear the case "en banc", and in 2001 it overturned its prior judgment and upheld the law. Lawrence appealed this decision to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which denied his request for appeal. Lawrence then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which agreed to hear his case.
Lawrence v. Texas
The Supreme Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6–3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory. The Court, with a five-justice majority, overturned its previous ruling on the same issue in the 1986 case "Bowers v. Hardwick", where it upheld a challenged Georgia statute and did not find a constitutional protection of sexual privacy. It explicitly overruled "Bowers", holding that it had viewed the liberty interest too narrowly. The Court held that intimate consensual sexual conduct was part of the liberty protected by substantive due process under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. "Lawrence" invalidated similar laws throughout the United States that criminalized sodomy between consenting adults acting in private, whatever the sex of the participants.
Heath v. Alabama
Heath v. Alabama, 474 U.S. 82 (1985), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that, because of the doctrine of "dual sovereignty" (the concept that the United States and each state possess sovereignty – a consequence of federalism), the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution does not prohibit one state from prosecuting and punishing somebody for an act of which they had already been convicted of and sentenced for in another state.

Question: Did Heath v. Alabama or Lawrence v. Texas take place first?
Answer: Heath v. Alabama
Happy (Pharrell Williams song)
"Happy" is a song written, produced, and performed by American singer Pharrell Williams, released as the first and only single from the soundtrack album for the film "Despicable Me 2" (2013). The song was first released on November 21, 2013, alongside a long-form music video. The song was reissued on December 16, 2013, by Back Lot Music under exclusive license to Columbia Records, a division of Sony Music. The song also served as the lead single from Williams' second studio album, "Girl" (2014). 
Tacky (song)
"Tacky" is a song by American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic from his fourteenth studio album, "Mandatory Fun" (2014). The song is a parody of the 2013 single "Happy" by Pharrell Williams. The song mocks questionable style in fashion as well as activities considered gauche. Yankovic recorded the song as one of the last on "Mandatory Fun", and received Williams' approval directly, through email. He remarked he was "honored" to have his work spoofed by Yankovic.

Question: What type of music does Tacky and Happy have in common?
Answer: song
Montevideo
Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field.

Question: When was Estadio Centenario opened? 
Answer: 1930
David Wenham
David Wenham (born 21 September 1965) is an Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions. He is known in Hollywood for his roles as Faramir in "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Carl in "Van Helsing", Dilios in "300" and its sequel "", Al Parker in "Top of the Lake", and Lieutenant John Scarfield in "". He is known in his native Australia for his role as Diver Dan in "SeaChange".
Van Helsing (film)
Van Helsing is a 2004 American period action film written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It stars Hugh Jackman as vigilante monster hunter Van Helsing, and Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious. The film is a homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and 1940s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.

Question: Which character did the actor who played Carl in an homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and '40s, play in the "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy?
Answer: Faramir
Infection
Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stain increases the contrast of a cell with its background. Staining a cell with a dye such as Giemsa stain or crystal violet allows a microscopist to describe its size, shape, internal and external components and its associations with other cells. The response of bacteria to different staining procedures is used in the taxonomic classification of microbes as well. Two methods, the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain, are the standard approaches used to classify bacteria and to diagnosis of disease. The Gram stain identifies the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, both of which contain many significant human pathogens. The acid-fast staining procedure identifies the Actinobacterial genera "Mycobacterium" and "Nocardia".

Question: Why do cells easily stain with dyes?
Answer: electrostatic attraction
Hydrogen
A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—illustrating how the "planetary orbit" differs from electron motion.

Question: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?
Answer: angular
Batman XXX: A Porn Parody
Batman XXX: A Porn Parody is a 2010 pornographic superhero comedy film that parodies the 1960s "Batman" television series. It features many of the recurring characters, settings, and production elements of the series, but adds an explicitly sexual element which was not present in the original material. The film is the first of several films by Vivid Entertainment to feature parodies of well-known superhero portrayals in movies and television. The positive reaction to the film caused Vivid to announce plans for an entire line of similar films, to be released under the new Axel Braun-led imprint Vivid Superhero. Braun later directed another Batman-themed porn parody: 2012's "Dark Knight XXX: A Porn Parody", where Batman is portrayed by Giovanni Francesco, who reprises the role in the 2013 film "Man of Steel XXX: An Axel Braun Parody" and in the 2015 film "Batman v Superman XXX: An Axel Braun Parody".
Batman (TV series)
Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Bruce Wayne/Batman and Burt Ward as Dick Grayson/Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of archvillains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk. It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on the air without a laugh track. The 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966 to March 14, 1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked "Batman" as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time.

Question: Which television series that aired on ABC network for three series had a porn parody?
Answer: Batman
Tennessee
Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796 as the 16th state. It was the first state created from territory under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government. Apart from the former Thirteen Colonies only Vermont and Kentucky predate Tennessee's statehood, and neither was ever a federal territory. The Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, states that the beginning point for identifying the boundary is the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically runs the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Native American towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee. Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River.

Question: Which state was the first formed out of federally controlled territory?
Answer: Tennessee
Anti-aircraft warfare
In 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height, its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to the guns, where they were displayed on repeater dials to the layers who 'matched pointers' (target data and the gun's actual data) to lay the guns. This system of repeater electrical dials built on the arrangements introduced by British coast artillery in the 1880s, and coast artillery was the background of many AA officers. Similar systems were adopted in other countries and for example the later Sperry device, designated M3A3 in the US, was also used by Britain as the Predictor AA No 2. Height finders were also increasing in size, in Britain, the World War I Barr & Stroud UB 2 (7-foot optical base) was replaced by the UB 7 (9-foot optical base) and the UB 10 (18-foot optical base, only used on static AA sites). Goertz in Germany and Levallois in France produced 5-metre instruments. However, in most countries the main effort in HAA guns until the mid-1930s was improving existing ones, although various new designs were on drawing boards.

Question: What year did the British adopt the new Vickers instrument?
Answer: 1925
Classical music
The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Ludwig van Beethoven as a golden age. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the "Oxford English Dictionary" is from about 1829.

Question: In what book was the earliest reference to classical music?
Answer: Oxford English Dictionary
Phonology
In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when the violation is necessary in order to obey a higher-ranked constraint. The approach was soon extended to morphology by John McCarthy and Alan Prince, and has become a dominant trend in phonology. The appeal to phonetic grounding of constraints and representational elements (e.g. features) in various approaches has been criticized by proponents of 'substance-free phonology', especially by Mark Hale and Charles Reiss.

Question: Where was optimality theory created?
Answer: LSA summer institute
Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church ( , the temple or house, "ædēs", of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Christ Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese (Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school), which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is "ex officio" the college head.
Bear Lane
Bear Lane is a short historic street in central Oxford, England. The lane is located just north of Christ Church. It runs between the junction of Blue Boar Street and Alfred Street to the west, and King Edward Street and the north of Oriel Square to the east.

Question: Bear Lane is located just north of a constituent college of what university?
Answer: University of Oxford
Man Down (song)
"Man Down" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her fifth studio album, "Loud" (2010). Singer Shontelle and production duo Rock City wrote the song with its main producer, Sham. They wrote it during a writing camp, in Los Angeles of March 2010, held by Rihanna's record label to gather compositions for possible inclusion on the then-untitled album. Rock City were inspired by Bob Marley's 1973 song "I Shot the Sheriff" and set out to create a song which embodied the same feel, but from a female perspective. "Man Down" is a reggae song which incorporates elements of ragga and electronic music. Lyrically, Rihanna is a fugitive after she shoots a man, an action she later regrets. Several critics singled out "Man Down" as "Loud"' s highlight, while others commented on her prominent West Indian accent and vocal agility.
Verse Simmonds
Maurice "Verse" Simmonds is an American rapper, singer, composer, record producer, and record executive. Based in Los Angeles, California but raised in the Virgin Islands, he moved to the United States after high school and he formed the production duo the Jugganauts in the 1990s. The duo has since co-written and produced tracks such as "Man Down" by Rihanna and "Who Gon Stop Me" by Kanye West and Jay-Z, both of which charted prominently on "Billboard".

Question: Which artist collaborated with Verse Simmons in the song "Man Down" ? 
Answer: Rihanna
SummerSlam (2002)
SummerSlam (2002) was the fifteenth annual SummerSlam professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It took place on August 25, 2002, at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. With this event, SummerSlam became the first pay-per-view to have events in the three major indoor venues in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden hosted the event in 1988, 1991, and 1998. The Izod Center in East Rutherford, New Jersey hosted the event in 1989, 1997, and later in 2007.
Foot Locker
Foot Locker Retail, Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer, with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and operating in 28 countries.

Question: What event in 2002 was presented by an American sportswear retailer headquartered in Manhattan?
Answer: SummerSlam
1992 Players Championship
The 1992 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held March 26–29 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach. It was the 19th Players Championship and was won by Davis Love III, four strokes ahead of runners-up Ian Baker-Finch, Phil Blackmar, Nick Faldo, and Tom Watson.
TPC at Sawgrass
The Tournament Players Club at Sawgrass (TPC at Sawgrass) is a golf course in the southeastern United States, located in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, southeast of Jacksonville. Opened in the autumn of 1980, it was the first of several Tournament Players Clubs to be built. It is home to the PGA Tour headquarters and hosts The Players Championship, one of the PGA Tour's signature events, now held in March. Paul and Jerome Fletcher negotiated a deal with the PGA Tour, which included the donation of 415 acre for one dollar (the original check is prominently displayed in the clubhouse).

Question: In what year was the course where the 1992 Players Championship was held opened?
Answer: 1980
Florida Classic
The Florida Classic is the annual college football rivalry game between Bethune–Cookman University and the Florida A&M University. The game is televised nationally by ESPN Classic as a part of a multi-year contract with the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC). The game is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group that also organizes the Cheez-It Bowl and Citrus Bowl. The Classic has approximately a $31 million impact on Orlando's economy and is annually the largest MEAC conference football game and the largest Division I FCS football game in Florida.
Bethune–Cookman University
Bethune–Cookman University (B–CU) is a private historically black university in Daytona Beach, Florida. The primary administration building, White Hall, and the Mary McLeod Bethune Home are in the National Register of Historic Places. Although accredited, in June 2018 the university was put on probation by its regional accreditor.

Question: What city is the location of the University that plays Florida A&M University in the Florida Cassic?
Answer: Daytona Beach
Mick Kaczorowski
Michael "Mick" Kaczorowski (born January 4, 1960) is the Creative Director and Producer of Bangkok Swagger is a nine time nominated and three time Emmy Award-winning Producer and Executive Producer. As Executive Producer, he is responsible for some of Animal Planet and Discovery’s biggest and most iconic hits including , Raising the Mammoth, and Walking with Prehistoric Beasts. Kaczorowski is also responsible for many of Discovery Channel and Animal Planet long running hit series including Meerkat Manor, North Woods Law, River Monsters, Alaskan Bush Family, Wild West Alaska, Buggin with Rude, and American Stuffers. Kaczorowski has worked in Washington D.C. for Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and the National Geographic Society. Kaczorowski began his filmmaking career in 1982 working in feature films for Director Robert Altman on Streamers, O.C. and Stiggs and Secret Honor. In 1985 Kaczorowski helped launch before it became National Geographic Television, and was a film editor for over 10 years editing over 40 films, earning two Emmy nominations for best editing for Dancing with Stingrays and Ocean Kayakers. He edited Discovery Channel’s first original production Ivory Wars. Kaczorowski joined Discovery Communications in 1994 holding many positions and titles across different Discovery networks. Over the next 20 years, he developed, supervised and managed everything from documentary specials and long running series, IMAX movies “”, Discovery’s first feature film “”, Animal Planet’s first feature film “” and Animal Planet’s first scripted drama “The Whale”. His production company Bangkok Swagger casts, develops and creates programing around the world for the web, social media and traditional television & cable networks.
North Woods Law
North Woods Law is an American reality television series that debuted on March 11, 2012, on the Animal Planet channel. Originally set in Maine, the show followed numerous game wardens of the Maine Warden Service. In 2017, the show changed locations to New Hampshire, following members of the state's Fish and Game Department. The series was renewed for a thirteenth season, which began on July 21, 2019.

Question: Michael "Mick" Kaczorowski is responsible for which Animal Planet, American reality television series?
Answer: North Woods Law
The Japan Box
The Japan Box is a boxed set compilation of the five albums released by the Beatles for the Japanese market between 1964 and 1965, originally released in Japan by Odeon Records. The albums consist of "Meet the Beatles!", "The Beatles' Second Album", "A Hard Day's Night", "The Beatles No. 5.", and "Help!" The box set presents them in the Mini LP format. It also includes a 100-page book.
Meet the Beatles!
Meet the Beatles! is the second Beatles album released in the United States. It was the first US Beatles album to be issued by Capitol Records, on 20 January 1964 in both mono and stereo formats. It topped the popular album chart on 15 February 1964 and remained at number one for eleven weeks before being replaced by "The Beatles' Second Album". The cover featured Robert Freeman's iconic portrait of the Beatles used in the United Kingdom for "With the Beatles", with a blue tint added to the original stark black-and-white photograph.

Question: Which Beatles' box set, originally released in Japan by Odeon Records, consists of their second album released in the United states among other albums?
Answer: The Japan Box
Leopold Stokowski
Leopold Anthony Stokowski (18 April 1882 – 13 September 1977) was an English conductor of Polish descent. One of the leading conductors of the early and mid-20th century, he is best known for his long association with the Philadelphia Orchestra and his appearance in the Disney film "Fantasia". He was especially noted for his free-hand conducting style that spurned the traditional baton and for obtaining a characteristically sumptuous sound from the orchestras he directed.
Dale Clevenger
Dale Clevenger (born July 2, 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee) was the Principal Horn of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1966 until his retirement in June, 2013. Before joining the CSO, he was a member of Leopold Stokowski's American Symphony Orchestra and the Symphony of the Air directed by Alfred Wallenstein. He was also principal horn of the Kansas City Philharmonic. He currently teaches at the Jacobs School of Music in Indiana University.

Question: English conductor Dale Clevenger was a member of Leopold Stokowski's American Symphony Orchestra and the Symphony of the Air directed by who?
Answer: Alfred Wallenstein
2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July. 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.
Bernadette Coston
Bernadette Coston (born 17 August 1989, Johannesburg) is a South African field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed with the South Africa women's national field hockey team in the women's tournament. She was also part of the South African women's team at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Question: What was this major international multi-sport event, with the opening ceremonies taking place on 27 July, and in which the South African field hockey player Bernadette Coston competed for the outh Africa women's national field hockey team?
Answer: 2012 Summer Olympics
Seattle
Seattle's population historically has been predominantly white. The 2010 census showed that Seattle was one of the whitest big cities in the country, although its proportion of white residents has been gradually declining. In 1960, whites comprised 91.6% of the city's population, while in 2010 they comprised 69.5%. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, approximately 78.9% of residents over the age of five spoke only English at home. Those who spoke Asian languages other than Indo-European languages made up 10.2% of the population, Spanish was spoken by 4.5% of the population, speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9%, and speakers of other languages made up 2.5%.

Question: In 2006-2008, how many people in Seattle spoke English at home?
Answer: 78.9%
Wonderful Nightmare
Wonderful Nightmare (; lit. Miss Wife) is a 2015 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Uhm Jung-hwa and Song Seung-heon.
Beautiful Accident
Beautiful Accident ( ) is a 2017 Chinese comedy-drama film directed by Ho Wi Ding and co-produced by Chen Kun. The film stars Gwei Lun-mei, Chen Kun, Wang Jingchun, Ouyang Nana, and William Wang. It is a remake of the 2015 South Korean film "Wonderful Nightmare".

Question: What is the name of the 2015 South Korean romantic comedy film that starred Uhm Jung-hwa and also had a film remade from it in 2017 staring Ho Wi Ding?
Answer: Wonderful Nightmare
Kim Sung-soo (actor)
Kim Sung-soo (born May 23, 1973) is a South Korean actor and television host. After beginning his career as a fashion model, Kim made his acting debut in the tokusatsu series "Vectorman" and the erotic film "The Sweet Sex and Love". He has since appeared in the movies "The Red Shoes" and "", and several television series, including "Full House", "My Precious You", "More Charming by the Day" and "My Lover, Madame Butterfly". In 2009 he made his stage debut in the play "Mom, Do You Want to Go on a Trip?"
The Red Shoes (2005 film)
The Red Shoes () is a 2005 South Korean horror film written and directed by Kim Yong-gyun. Kim Yong-gyun was inspired by the 1845 fairy tale of same name by Hans Christian Andersen.

Question: Which South Korean horror film starred Kim Sung-Soo? 
Answer: "The Red Shoes"
MP3
Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others.

Question: What can lossless formats provide?
Answer: unaltered audio content
A607 road
The A607 is an A road in England that starts in Leicester and heads northeastwards through Leicestershire and the town of Grantham, Lincolnshire, terminating at Bracebridge Heath, a village on the outskirts of Lincoln. It is a primary route from Thurmaston to the A1 junction at Grantham.
Honington, Lincolnshire
Honington is an English village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire. It lies just north of the junction between the A153 and A607 roads, about 5.5 mi north of Grantham and 8 mi west of Sleaford.

Question: Honington, Lincolnshire is a village and civil parish that lies just north of the junction between the A153 road and the A607 road, which is a primary route between Thurmaston and what town at the A1 junction?
Answer: Grantham
Fabiana Udenio
Fabiana Udenio is an Italian actress. Born in Argentina, she is best known for her role as "Alotta Fagina", a Bond girl parody in "".
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1993 film)
The 1993 Journey to the Center of the Earth is a TV film first aired on NBC. It stars Carel Struycken, Tim Russ, and Jeffrey Nordling, John Neville, F. Murray Abraham, Fabiana Udenio, and Kim Miyori. A TV series was originally planned after its release but it was cancelled.

Question: Journey to the Center of the Earth stars what actress born in Argentina?
Answer: Fabiana Udenio
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, and is part of the New York metropolitan area. With a population of 129,779 as determined by the 2010 United States Census, it is the second-largest city in Connecticut after Bridgeport. New Haven is the principal municipality of Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010.

Question: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?
Answer: 862,477
Delta Works
The Delta Works ( ) is a series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The works consist of dams, sluices, locks, dykes, levees, and storm surge barriers located in the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.
Delta Works
The aim of the dams, sluices, and storm surge barriers was to shorten the Dutch coastline, thus reducing the number of dikes that had to be raised. Along with the Zuiderzee Works, the Delta Works have been declared one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Haringvlietdam
The Haringvliet sluices are a construction that closed off the estuary of the Haringvliet, Netherlands, as part of the Delta Works. The structure consists of 17 sluices, several kilometres of dam and a shipping lock.

Question: The Haringvlietdam is part of a construction project that is located in what country country?
Answer: the Netherlands
Stargazing Live
Stargazing Live is a British live television programme on astronomy that was broadcast yearly since its first broadcast on BBC Two in January 2011. The series was primarily presented by scientist Brian Cox and comedian and amateur astronomer Dara Ó Briain with support from TV presenter and biochemist Liz Bonnin and astronomer Mark Thompson. It was broadcast from Jodrell Bank Observatory and featured live links from scientific facilities in Hawaii, South Africa, Norway and NASA.
Mark Thompson (astronomer)
Mark Thompson (born 1973, Norfolk, England) is a British astronomer, television presenter and writer best known for being one of the presenting team on the BBC show "Stargazing Live" and is a regular face on "Good Morning Britain".
Mark Thompson (astronomer)
Thompson has lived in Norfolk all his life and was first enthused about astronomy aged 10 when he saw the rings of Saturn through a telescope. He has remained living in the county because the night skies are very dark and ideal for stargazing.

Question: Which biochemist co-hosts a program that also features a man known as the "Peoples' Astronomer"?
Answer: Liz Bonnin
Dmitri Anosov
Dmitri Victorovich Anosov ( ; November 30, 1936 – August 5, 2014) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, known for his contributions to dynamical systems theory. 
Lev Schnirelmann
Lev Genrikhovich Schnirelmann (also Shnirelman, Shnirel'man; ; January 2, 1905 – September 24, 1938) was a Soviet mathematician who worked on number theory, topology and differential geometry.

Question: Did Lev Schnirelmann and Dmitri Anosov have the same profession?  
Answer: yes
Missio (duo)
Missio (often stylized MISSIO) is an American electronic alternative duo formed in 2015 in Austin, Texas. It currently consists of founding member Matthew Brue (front-man/songwriter/producer), and David Butler (songwriter/producer).
The Cinematics
The Cinematics were an alternative rock band founded in 2003 in Glasgow, Scotland, and disbanded in 2011. The band released two full-length albums, "A Strange Education" (2007) and "Love and Terror" (2009), as well as a five-track EP, "Silent Scream EP" (2010), but split up in the middle of recording their third full-length album. The band consisted of Scott Rinning, Larry Reid, Adam Goemans and Ross Bonney.

Question: Which band made electronic music, The Cinematics or Missio?
Answer: Missio