qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Ableman v. Booth
Ableman v. Booth, 62 U.S. (21 How.) 506 (1859), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously held that state courts cannot issue rulings that contradict the decisions of federal courts, overturning a decision by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. The Court found that under the Constitution, federal courts have the final power to decide cases arising under the Constitution and federal statutes, and that the States do not have the power to overturn those decisions. Thus, Wisconsin did not have the authority to nullify federal judgments or statutes. For example, it is illegal for state officials to interfere with the work of U.S. Marshals acting under federal laws. The "Ableman" decision emphasized the dual form of American government and the independence of State and federal courts from each other.
Gregory v. Helvering
Gregory v. Helvering, 293 U.S. 465 (1935), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court concerned with U.S. income tax law. The case is cited as part of the basis for two legal doctrines: the business purpose doctrine and the doctrine of substance over form. The business purpose doctrine is essentially that if a transaction has no substantial business purpose other than the avoidance or reduction of Federal tax, the tax law will not regard the transaction. The doctrine of substance over form is essentially that for Federal tax purposes, a taxpayer is bound by the economic substance of a transaction if the economic substance varies from its legal form.
Gregory v. Helvering
Evelyn Gregory was the owner of all the shares of a company called United Mortgage Company ("United"). United Mortgage in turn owned 1,000 shares of stock of a company called Monitor Securities Corporation ("Monitor"). On September 18, 1928, she created Averill Corp and, three days after, transferred the 1000 shares in Monitor to Averill. On September 24, she dissolved Averill and distributed the 1000 shares in Monitor to herself, and on the same day sold the shares for $133,333.33. She claimed there was a cost of $57,325.45, and she should be taxed on a capital net gain on $76,007.88. On her 1928 federal income tax return, Gregory treated the transaction as a tax free corporate reorganization, under the Revenue Act of 1928 section 112. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Guy T. Helvering, argued in economic substance there was no business reorganization, that Gregory owned all three corporations and was simply following a legal form to make it appear like a reorganization so she could dispose of the Monitor shares without paying substantial income tax. Accordingly, she understated her liability by $10,000.

Question: Which case is cited as the business purpose doctrine: Gregory v. Helvering or Ableman v. Booth?
Answer: Gregory v. Helvering
Montevideo
In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city. In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born. In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro, Pocitos, the Prado and Villa Colón. The Rodó Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central were also established, which served as "poles" of urban development.

Question: What century did many Europeans immigrate to the city of Montevideo?
Answer: early 20th century
Bacteria
In humans and most animals the largest number of bacteria exist in the gut, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, though many are beneficial, particularly in the gut flora. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections. Tuberculosis alone kills about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.

Question: What keeps bacteria at bay in human body?
Answer: the immune system
Franco Nero
Francesco Clemente Giuseppe Sparanero (born 23 November 1941), better known by his stage name Franco Nero, is an Italian actor. His breakthrough role was as the title character in Sergio Corbucci's spaghetti western film "Django" (1966), a role that he reprised in Nello Rossati's "Django Strikes Again" (1987).
Camelot (film)
Camelot is a 1967 American musical drama fantasy film directed by Joshua Logan and starring Richard Harris as King Arthur, Vanessa Redgrave as Guenevere and Franco Nero as Lancelot. The film is an adaptation of the 1960 stage musical of the same name by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe. Lerner also wrote the screenplay.

Question: What is the nationality of the actor who played Lancelot in the 1967 film Camelot?
Answer: Italian
X (American band)
X are an American punk rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California, United States, in 1977. The original members are vocalist Exene Cervenka, vocalist-bassist John Doe, guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D. J. Bonebrake. The band released seven studio albums from 1980 to 1993. After a period of inactivity during the mid- to late 1990s, X reunited in the early 2000s, and currently tours, as of 2019.
8stops7
8stops7 formed in Ventura, California in 1996. Vocalist Evan Sula-Goff explained the meaning of the band's name as, "Basically, seven is a symbol of something you want to get away from, and eight is the door you go through to get there." After self-releasing their first self-produced album "Birth Of A Cynic", the band signed with Warner Bros. Records/Reprise Records under the Warner Music Group umbrella in 1999 through their manager.
8stops7
Their second album "In Moderation" was produced by Toby Wright (KoRn, Alice In Chains, Sevendust) and included re-recordings of four songs from the previous album. Two of the songs from "In Moderation", "Satisfied", and "My Would-be Savior", were featured on the soundtrack of the Sony PlayStation game "Street Sk8er 2". "Satisfied" was also featured in the Sony PlayStation 2 game "Gran Turismo 3" and on its soundtrack. The video for "Satisfied" was featured on the MTV show "120 Minutes". "Question Everything" was featured on the "Friends Again Soundtrack" with other artists featured on the "Friends" NBC sitcom. Apple placed the music video for "Question Everything" on the Mac OS 9.1 CD, and later included a high-quality mp3 copy of the song to demo the new digital speakers included with the PowerMac G4 Cube. To date, "In Moderation" has sold more than 400,000 copies, enjoyed widespread national radio airplay, and spawned two hits that landed on three different "Billboard" charts.

Question: 8stops7 and X are both punk or rock bands from which U.S. state?
Answer: California
Vladimir Yaroshenko
Vladimir Yaroshenko (Russian: Владимир Ярошенко; born November 2, 1985 in Slavyansk-na-Kubani) – Polish-Russian ballet dancer in type danseur noble, first soloist with Yury Grigorovich's Ballet Theatre, Krasnodar, trained in classical Russian ballet school. Polish resident since 2007, engaged with Teatr Wielki, Warsaw, where since September 2010 is a first soloist, and since January 2020 - a principal dancer of Polish National Ballet under direction of Krzysztof Pastor.
Yury Grigorovich
Yury Nikolayevich Grigorovich ( ; born 2 January 1927 in Leningrad) is a Soviet and Russian dancer and choreographer who dominated the Russian ballet for 30 years.

Question: Vladimir Yaroshenko was a soloist with the choreographer who dominated Russian ballet for how many years?
Answer: 30
CBC Television
On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters." On July 31, 2012, at around 11:59 p.m. in each time zone, the remaining 620 analogue transmitters were shut down, leaving the network with 27 digital television transmitters across the country, and some transmitters operated by some affiliated stations.

Question: On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?
Answer: July 31, 2012
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( , ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A member of the Democratic Party, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II, which ended shortly after he died in office.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, to the Roosevelt family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, as well as businessman William Henry Aspinwall. FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City. In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor Roosevelt. They had six children, of whom five survived into adulthood. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910, and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's 1920 national ticket, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness, believed at the time to be polio, and his legs became permanently paralyzed. While attempting to recover from his condition, Roosevelt founded the treatment center in Warm Springs, Georgia, for people with poliomyelitis. In spite of being unable to walk unaided, Roosevelt returned to public office by winning election as Governor of New York in 1928. He served as governor from 1929 to 1933, promoting programs to combat the economic crisis besetting the United States.
Paul Frederick Foster
Paul Frederick Foster (March 25, 1889 – January 30, 1972) was an American naval officer. He was born in Wichita, Kansas, and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1911. He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914. Foster left the Navy from 1929–1941, when he was recalled by President Franklin D. Roosevelt for World War II service. He retired from the Navy in 1946 as a Vice Admiral.

Question: Paul Frederick Foster was recalled for World War II service by a political leader that passed away in which year ?
Answer: 1945
Hunting
Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered divine are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" ("mriga" means deer; "vyadha" means hunter). The word "Mriga", in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. According to the Mahabharat, Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.

Question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
Answer: died
Idealism
Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward. Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the "world ground" in which all things find their unity: it has been widely accepted by Protestant theologians. Several modern religious movements, for example the organizations within the New Thought Movement and the Unity Church, may be said to have a particularly idealist orientation. The theology of Christian Science includes a form of idealism: it teaches that all that truly exists is God and God's ideas; that the world as it appears to the senses is a distortion of the underlying spiritual reality, a distortion that may be corrected (both conceptually and in terms of human experience) through a reorientation (spiritualization) of thought.

Question: What philosophy influential in the medieval church was opposed to Christian idealism?
Answer: Aristotelian scholasticism
Penny Dreadful (TV series)
Penny Dreadful is a British-American horror drama television series created for Showtime and Sky by John Logan, who also acts as executive producer alongside Sam Mendes. The show was originally pitched to several US and UK channels, and eventually landed with Showtime, with Sky Atlantic as co-producer. It premiered at the South by Southwest film festival on March 9 and began airing on television on April 28, 2014, on Showtime on Demand. The series premiered on Showtime in the United States on May 11, 2014, and on Sky Atlantic in the United Kingdom on May 20, 2014. After the third-season finale on June 19, 2016, series creator John Logan announced that "Penny Dreadful" had ended as the main story had reached its conclusion.
Penny Dreadful (TV series)
The title refers to the penny dreadfuls, a type of 19th-century British fiction publication with lurid and sensational subject matter. The series draws upon many public domain characters from 19th-century British and Irish Gothic fiction, including Dorian Gray from Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray"; Mina Harker, Abraham Van Helsing, John Seward, Renfield, and Count Dracula from Bram Stoker's "Dracula"; Victor Frankenstein and his monster from Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein"; and Henry Jekyll from Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde". Justine from "Justine, or The Misfortunes of Virtue" by the Marquis de Sade also appears.
Olivia Llewellyn
Olivia Anna Cristina Llewellyn (born 1980) is an English actress, best known for her television appearances portraying Isabel Danforth in "The Lizzie Borden Chronicles" and Mina Harker in "Penny Dreadful".

Question: What television series that John Logan creasted did Olivia Llewellyn play in?
Answer: Penny Dreadful
Lighting
In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of small lights for convenience and safety, when the film has started and the other lights are off. Traditionally made up of small low wattage, low-voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube, these are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions.

Question: What do steps in move theater aisles have for safety markings?
Answer: small lights
Jean Genet
Genet's mother was a prostitute who raised him for the first seven months of his life before placing him for adoption. Thereafter Genet was raised in the provincial town of Alligny-en-Morvan, in the Nièvre department of central France. His foster family was headed by a carpenter and, according to Edmund White's biography, was loving and attentive. While he received excellent grades in school, his childhood involved a series of attempts at running away and incidents of petty theft.
Nicola Black
Nicola Jane Black (born in Glasgow) is an award winning Scottish film and television producer and director. Her work includes the documentaries "Designer Vaginas", "Bone Breakers", "When Freddie Mercury Met Kenny Everett", "Tribal Cop", "White Jazz", "Jenny Saville – Flesh & Blood" and the series "Mirrorball" and "Banned in the UK" which featured in the Channel 4 Banned season.

Question: Are both Jean Genet and Nicola Black of European decent?
Answer: yes
Roulette
Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning "little wheel". In the game, players may choose to place bets on either a single number, various groupings of numbers, the colors red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the numbers are high (19–36) or low (1–18).
Lynx Casino
Lynx Casino is a 1992 gambling simulator for the Atari Lynx developed by Brian A. Rice Inc. It includes Blackjack, Craps, Roulette, slot machines, and video poker.

Question: This 1992 game for the Atari Lynx that let you play a casino game named after the French word meaning what?
Answer: little wheel
Queen (band)
In 1978, Queen toured the US and Canada, and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan. They released their first live album, "Live Killers", in 1979; it went platinum twice in the US. Queen also released the very successful single "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", a rockabilly inspired song done in the style of Elvis Presley. The song made the top 10 in many countries, topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks, and was the band's first number one single in the United States where it topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 for four weeks. Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert. On 26 December 1979, Queen played the opening night at the Concert for the People of Kampuchea in London, having accepted a request by the event's organiser, Paul McCartney. The concert was the last date of their Crazy Tour of London.

Question: In what year did Queen play the Concert for the People of Kampuchea?
Answer: 1979
Bonnie Owens
Bonnie Owens (October 1, 1929 – April 24, 2006), born Bonnie Campbell, was an American country music singer who was married to Buck Owens and later Merle Haggard.
Buddy Alan
Alan Edgar "Buddy" Owens (born May 23, 1948 in Mesa, Arizona), known professionally as Buddy Alan, is an American country music artist. The son of Buck Owens and Bonnie Owens and stepson of Merle Haggard, Alan recorded four albums for Capitol Records in the 1970s. He also charted eight singles in the Top 40 on the "Billboard" country charts, including his No. 7 debut single "Let the World Keep On A-Turnin'", a duet with Buck.

Question: When was the mother of Buddy Alan born?
Answer: October 1, 1929
Madonna
"4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart and pushed her past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4 Minutes" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, she embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour, her first major venture with Live Nation. With a total gross of $408 million, it ended up as the second highest-grossing tour of all time, behind The Rolling Stones's A Bigger Bang Tour. It remained the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist until Roger Waters' The Wall Live surpassed it in 2013.

Question: Which single was released as the album's lead single?
Answer: 4 Minutes
Neptune
After the "Voyager 2" flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner. In 2003, there was a proposal in NASA's "Vision Missions Studies" for a "Neptune Orbiter with Probes" mission that does "Cassini"-level science. Another, more recent proposal was for "Argo", a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object. The focus would be on Neptune and its largest moon Triton to be investigated around 2029. The proposed "New Horizons 2" mission (which was later scrapped) might also have done a close flyby of the Neptunian system. Currently a pending proposal for the Discovery program, the "Trident" would conduct a flyby of Neptune and Triton.

Question: What about Neptune did NASA propose in 2003 in their "Vision Missions Studies"?
Answer: Neptune Orbiter with Probes
Little Honda
"Little Honda" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1964 album "All Summer Long", and featured on their EP, "Four by The Beach Boys". The song pays tribute to the small Honda motorcycle and its ease of operation, specifically the Honda 50.
Brian Wilson
Brian Douglas Wilson (born June 20, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group. In addition to his unorthodox approaches to pop composition and mastery of recording techniques, Wilson is known for his lifelong struggles with mental illness. He is often referred to as a genius and is widely acknowledged as one of the most innovative and significant songwriters of the late 20th century.
Brian Wilson
The Beach Boys were formed by Wilson with his brothers Dennis and Carl, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. Brian, who grew up influenced by 1950s rock and roll and jazz-based vocal groups, originally functioned as the band's songwriter, producer, co-lead vocalist, bassist, keyboardist, and de facto leader. In 1964, he suffered a nervous breakdown and stopped touring with the group, which led to more personal work such as "Pet Sounds" (1966) and the unfinished "Smile". As his mental health deteriorated, his contributions to the band diminished and, over the next decade, he was known for his reclusive lifestyle and substance abuse. Following a 1992 court-ordered removal from the care of psychologist Eugene Landy, Wilson started receiving conventional medical treatment and, in the late 1990s, he began performing and recording consistently as a solo artist. He remains a member of the Beach Boys' corporation, Brother Records Inc.

Question: In what year was the musician who wrote "Little Honda" with Mike Love born?
Answer: 1942
Anthony Burgess
John Anthony Burgess Wilson, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 25 February 1917 – 22 November 1993), who published under the name Anthony Burgess, was an English writer and composer.
Anthony Burgess
Although Burgess was predominantly a comic writer, his dystopian satire "A Clockwork Orange" remains his best-known novel. In 1971, it was adapted into a controversial film by Stanley Kubrick, which Burgess said was chiefly responsible for the popularity of the book. Burgess produced numerous other novels, including the Enderby quartet, and "Earthly Powers". He wrote librettos and screenplays, including the 1977 TV mini-series "Jesus of Nazareth". He worked as a literary critic for several publications, including "The Observer" and "The Guardian", and wrote studies of classic writers, notably James Joyce. A versatile linguist, Burgess lectured in phonetics, and translated "Cyrano de Bergerac", "Oedipus Rex", and the opera "Carmen", among others.
John Rankine
John Rankine (born Douglas Rankine Mason; 26 September 1918 – 8 August 2013) was a British science fiction author, who wrote books as John Rankine and Douglas R. Mason. Rankine was born in Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales and first attended Chester Grammar School and in 1937 went to study English Literature and Experimental Psychology at the University of Manchester, where he was a friend of Anthony Burgess (mentioned in "Little Wilson and Big God", AB's autobiography).

Question: What year was English writer who was friends with John Rankine born?
Answer: 1917
Triangle Brewing Company
Triangle Brewing Co. (TBC) was a microbrewery owned and operated entirely by business partners (and high-school friends) Rick "the Brewer" Tufts and Andy "the Bloke" Miller who, in 2005, resettled in Durham, North Carolina from Connecticut. Andy Miller had extensive local restaurant management experience, and Rick Tufts apprenticed at Flying Fish Brewing Company and was an avid homebrewer long before founding a new brewery. TBC began selling beer on July 4, 2007 and was the only microbrewery in Durham. The arrival of a microbrewery in Durham is arguably part of the current downtown art, building, and cultural Renaissance.
Homebrewing
Homebrewing is the brewing of beer, mead, and ciders on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes. Supplies, such as kits and fermentation tanks, can be purchased locally at specialty stores or online. Alcohol has been brewed on the domestic level since its advent, thousands of years prior to its commercial production, although its legality has varied according to local regulation. In the United States, a permit is required to distill spirits such as moonshine.

Question: Triangle Brewing Co. (TBC), began selling beer on which date, a microbrewery owned and operated entirely by business partners, Rick "the Brewer" Tufts, apprenticed at Flying Fish Brewing Company and was an avid homebrewer, brewing of beer on a small scale for persona, long before founding a new brewery?
Answer: July 4, 2007
Adolph Sutro
Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro (April 29, 1830 – August 8, 1898) was a German-American engineer, politician and philanthropist who served as the 24th mayor of San Francisco from 1895 until 1897. Born a German Jew, he moved to Virginia City, Nevada and made a fortune at the Comstock Lode. Several places in San Francisco bear his name in remembrance of his life and contributions to the city.
Comstock Lode
The Comstock Lode is a lode of silver ore located under the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range in Virginia City, Nevada (then western Utah Territory), which was the first major discovery of silver ore in the United States and named after American miner Henry Comstock.

Question: Adolph Sutro made a fortune at a silver ore located under the eastern slope of what mountain?
Answer: Mount Davidson
Brian Cox (physicist)
Brian Edward Cox {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 3 March 1968) is an English physicist who serves as professor of particle physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. He is best known to the public as the presenter of science programmes, especially the "Wonders of..." series and for popular science books, such as "Why Does E=mc²?" and "The Quantum Universe". He has been the author or co-author of over 950 scientific publications.
Wonders of the Universe (book)
Wonders of the Universe is a 2011 book by the theoretical physicists Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen. The book is about cosmology and the universe, and is explained in a way that is accessible to a general reader. The book is based on a series with the same name "Wonders of the Universe".

Question: What is the birthdate of this English physicist who serves as professor of particle physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester and co-wrote the book Wonders of the Universe?
Answer: 3 March 1968
Chris Carter (screenwriter)
Christopher Carl Carter (born October 13, 1956) is an American television and film producer, director and writer. Born in Bellflower, California, Carter graduated with a degree in journalism from California State University, Long Beach before spending thirteen years working for "Surfing Magazine". After beginning his television career working on television films for Walt Disney Studios, Carter rose to fame in the early 1990s after creating the science fiction-supernatural television series "The X-Files" for the Fox network. "The X-Files" earned high viewership ratings, and led to Carter's being able to negotiate the creation of future series.
Bertrand Blier
Bertrand Blier (] ; born 14 March 1939) is a French film director and writer. His 1978 film "Get Out Your Handkerchiefs" won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 51st Academy Awards.

Question: Are Bertrand Blier and Chris Carter both American directors?
Answer: no
Steven Spielberg
After two forays into more serious dramatic films, Spielberg then directed the third Indiana Jones film, 1989's "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". Once again teaming up with Lucas and Ford, Spielberg also cast actor Sean Connery in a supporting role as Indy's father. The film earned generally positive reviews and was another box office success, becoming the highest-grossing film worldwide that year; its total box office receipts even topped those of Tim Burton's much-anticipated film "Batman", which had been the bigger hit domestically. Also in 1989, he re-united with actor Richard Dreyfuss for the romantic comedy-drama "Always", about a daredevil pilot who extinguishes forest fires. Spielberg's first romantic film, "Always" was only a moderate success and had mixed reviews.

Question: When did the 3rd Indiana Jones film come out?
Answer: 1989
Lee–Enfield
The Lee–Enfield is a bolt-action, magazine-fed, repeating rifle that served as the main firearm used by the military forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth during the first half of the 20th century. It was the British Army's standard rifle from its official adoption in 1895 until 1957. The WWI versions are often referred to as the "SMLE", which is short for the common "Short, Magazine, Lee–Enfield" variant.
James Paris Lee
James Paris Lee (9 August 1831 – 24 February 1904) was a British and later American inventor and arms designer, best known for inventing the action and magazine used in the Lee–Metford and Lee–Enfield series of rifles.

Question: James Paris Lee is best known for investing the Lee-Metford rifle and another rifle often referred to by what acronymn?
Answer: SMLE
Vera Brittain
Vera Mary Brittain (29 December 1893 – 29 March 1970) was an English Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) nurse, writer, feminist, socialist, and pacifist. Her best-selling 1933 memoir "Testament of Youth" recounted her experiences during the First World War and the beginning of her journey towards pacifism.
Scars Upon My Heart
Scars Upon My Heart is a poetry anthology collected by Catherine Reilly which focuses upon poetry written by women during the First World War often from the wives and girlfriends who had loved ones serving in Europe as well as the poems from those who had lost loved ones. Many of the poets were little-known before their publication in the anthology. The title of the anthology is taken from a Vera Brittain poem called "To My Brother" in which she states: ""Your battle wounds are scars upon my heart"". This anthology includes poems such as 'Perhaps' by Vera Brittain.

Question: the title of Scars Upon My Heart anthology is taken from a poem written by this English nurse?
Answer: Vera Brittain
Billy Martin (tennis)
Billy Martin (born December 25, 1956) is a right-handed former professional tennis player from the United States. During his career, he won one singles titles and three doubles titles. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32 in 1975. Martin currently serves as the head coach for the UCLA Bruins men's tennis team, a position he has held since 1994. Martin, who played at UCLA, has a 14 straight top 5 NCAA team finishes and a 9 consecutive 20-win seasons. He was named ITA (Intercollegiate Tennis Association) division 1 National Coach of the Year and is a member of ITA Hall of Fame.
Frew McMillan
Frew Donald McMillan (born 20 May 1942) is a former professional male tennis player from South Africa who won five major doubles championships including three Wimbledons with Bob Hewitt. Altogether, he won 63 doubles titles, surpassed only by the Bryan brothers, Todd Woodbridge, John McEnroe and Tom Okker. He was also ranked No.1 in Doubles on the ATP Computer for a significant period from 1977 to 1979 when he was aged 37.

Question: Frew McMillan and Billy Martin, have which previous occupation in common?
Answer: professional tennis player
Envy on the Coast
Envy on the Coast are a post-hardcore band from Long Island, New York. They released their second full length, "Lowcountry", in March 2010.
Skypilot
Skypilot is an acoustic rock band from Queensland, Australia. Formed in 2010, the duo have released three EPs and a full-length album throughout their career and have toured the UK and Ireland on numerous occasions.

Question: Which band formed first, Envy on the Coast or Skypilot?
Answer: Envy on the Coast
Slave Labor Graphics
Slave Labor Graphics (SLG) is an independent American comic book publisher, well known for publishing darkly humorous, offbeat comics. Creators associated with SLG over the years include Evan Dorkin, Roman Dirge, Sarah Dyer, Woodrow Phoenix, Jhonen Vasquez, and Andi Watson.
Jhonen Vasquez
Jhonen C. Vasquez (/'d͡ʒoʊ.nɛn 'væs.kɛz/) (born September 1, 1974) is an American comic book writer, cartoonist, and music video director. He is best known for creating the comic book "Johnny the Homicidal Maniac", its spin-off comics "Squee!" and "I Feel Sick", and the Nickelodeon animated series "Invader Zim".

Question: Creators associated with  Slave Labor Graphics include a comic book writer known for what Nickelodeon animated series?
Answer: Invader Zim
Susan Vreeland
Susan Joyce Vreeland (January 20, 1946 – August 23, 2017) was an American author. Several of her books deal with the relationship between art and fiction. "The Passion of Artemisia" is a fictionalised investigation of some aspects of the life of Artemisia Gentileschi, while "The Girl in Hyacinth Blue" centres round an imaginary painting by Vermeer. "The Forest Lover" is a fictionalized account of the life of the Canadian painter Emily Carr.
Harry Mathews
Harry Mathews (February 14, 1930 – January 25, 2017) was an American writer, the author of various novels, volumes of poetry and short fiction, and essays. Mathews was also a translator of the French language.

Question: Which one of these American author's, Susan Vreeland or Harry Mathews, was responsible for various novels and able to translate French?
Answer: Harry Mathews
Northwestern University
The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, "Quaecumque sunt vera" ("Whatsoever things are true") is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians ( ), while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John: "ο λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας" ("The Word full of grace and truth", ). Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892, replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, "Alma Mater" (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.

Question: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an open book on the seal mean?
Answer: The Word full of grace and truth
Michael Che
Michael Che Campbell (born May 19, 1983) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. He is best known for his work on "Saturday Night Live", where he serves as co-anchor on "Weekend Update" and co-head writer. Che and Colin Jost were named co-hosts of the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards.
Thundershorts
Thundershorts is a short-form comedy website founded in June 2014. It features comedians such as Michael Showalter, Jim Gaffigan, Michael Che, Janeane Garofalo, Kumail Nanjiani, David Wain and Ted Alexandro.

Question: What Stand up comedian, best known for his work on "Saturday Night Live" was in Thundershorts?
Answer: Michael Che
Chicago Cubs
After over a dozen more subpar seasons, in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise. Green had managed the 1980 Phillies to the World Series title. One of his early GM moves brought in a young Phillies minor-league 3rd baseman named Ryne Sandberg, along with Larry Bowa for Iván DeJesús. The 1983 Cubs had finished 71–91 under Lee Elia, who was fired before the season ended by Green. Green continued the culture of change and overhauled the Cubs roster, front-office and coaching staff prior to 1984. Jim Frey was hired to manage the 1984 Cubs, with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach.

Question: What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green?
Answer: 1981
Federal Aviation Administration
The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.

Question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
Answer: $25,000
Light-emitting diode
Digital RGB addressable LEDs contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, clock and sometimes a strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain. Data sent to the first LED of the chain can control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others. They are used where a combination of maximum control and minimum visible electronics are needed such as strings for Christmas and LED matrices. Some even have refresh rates in the kHz range, allowing for basic video applications. These devices are known by their part number (WS2812 being common) or a brand name such as NeoPixel.

Question: What makes RGB LEDs different?
Answer: contain their own "smart" control electronics
Ciarán Bourke
Ciarán Bourke (18 February 1935 – 10 May 1988) was an Irish musician and one of the original founding members of the Irish folk band The Dubliners.
The Dubliners (album)
The Dubliners is the eponymous debut live album by the Irish folk band The Dubliners. It was produced by Nathan Joseph and released by Transatlantic Records in 1964. The line-up consisted of Ronnie Drew, Barney McKenna, Luke Kelly and Ciarán Bourke.

Question: Who is one of the original founding members of the band who released an album in 1964?
Answer: Ciarán Bourke
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Beginning in February 1988, the Democratic Movement of Moldova (formerly Moldavia) organized public meetings, demonstrations, and song festivals, which gradually grew in size and intensity. In the streets, the center of public manifestations was the Stephen the Great Monument in Chişinău, and the adjacent park harboring "Aleea Clasicilor" (The "Alley of Classics [of Literature]"). On January 15, 1988, in a tribute to Mihai Eminescu at his bust on the Aleea Clasicilor, Anatol Şalaru submitted a proposal to continue the meetings. In the public discourse, the movement called for national awakening, freedom of speech, revival of Moldovan traditions, and for attainment of official status for the Romanian language and return to the Latin alphabet. The transition from "movement" (an informal association) to "front" (a formal association) was seen as a natural "upgrade" once a movement gained momentum with the public, and the Soviet authorities no longer dared to crack down on it.

Question: When did the Democratic Movement of Moldova start operating?
Answer: February 1988
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( ; ] ( ) ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio. His contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet".
Symphony No. 35 (Haydn)
Symphony No. 35 in B♭ major, Hoboken I/35, was written by Joseph Haydn. The autograph score is "carefully" dated "December 10, 1767". It has been speculated that this symphony was written to celebrate Prince Esterházy's return from a visit to the Palace of Versailles.

Question: Which Austrian composer wrote Symphony No. 35 dated December 10, 1767?
Answer: Joseph Haydn
Tennessee
Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796 as the 16th state. It was the first state created from territory under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government. Apart from the former Thirteen Colonies only Vermont and Kentucky predate Tennessee's statehood, and neither was ever a federal territory. The Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, states that the beginning point for identifying the boundary is the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically runs the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Native American towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee. Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River.

Question: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution?
Answer: Stone Mountain
Boomerang (Southeast Asian TV channel)
Boomerang is a Southeast Asian cable and satellite television channel owned by Warner Bros.. The Southeast Asian version of Boomerang was launched in September 2005 with a lineup very similar to that of the US version. It started previously as a programming block on Cartoon Network from 2001 to 2005 during weeknights. It has many similarities with the Australian feed, including promos being shared across both feeds.
Somos tú y yo
Somos tú y yo, also known as Somos tú y yo: Un nuevo día for the third season, is a Venezuelan telenovela filmed in Caracas, Venezuela and developed by Boomerang Latin America and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and production company Cisneros Media, the series starred Sheryl Rubio together with Víctor Drija. It debuted in its country of origin, Latin America and Italy on June 27, 2007.

Question: Somos tú y yo is a Venezuelan telenovela filmed in Caracas, Venezuela and developed by which cable and satellite television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System, a unit of Time Warner and its main flagship channel of Cartoon Network Asia?
Answer: Boomerang
Ashkenazi Jews
In the late Middle Ages, due to religious persecution, the majority of the Ashkenazi population shifted steadily eastward, moving out of the Holy Roman Empire into the areas later part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, comprising parts of present-day Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine.

Question: In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction?
Answer: shifted steadily eastward
The Princess and the Frog
The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is loosely based on the novel "The Frog Princess" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "The Frog Prince". Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, the film features an ensemble voice cast that stars Anika Noni Rose, Bruno Campos, Keith David, Michael-Leon Wooley, Jennifer Cody, and Jim Cummings, with Peter Bartlett, Jenifer Lewis, Oprah Winfrey, Terrence Howard, and John Goodman. Set in 1926 New Orleans, the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of opening her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil voodoo sorcerer, Tiana becomes a frog herself and must find a way to turn back into a human before it is too late.
E. D. Baker
Elizabeth Dawson Baker is an American children's novelist who made her international debut in 2002 with "The Frog Princess" which was a Texas Lone Star Reading List Book, A Book Sense Children's Pick, a Florida's Sunshine State Readers List pick and a 2006 Sasquatch Book Award nominee. "The Frog Princess" has also inspired a series of eight additional books based on it. "The Frog Princess" inspired the 2009 Disney film "The Princess and the Frog".

Question: The 2009 animated film entitled The Princess and the Frog is based off of a children's novel by which author?
Answer: Elizabeth Dawson Baker
On the Origin of Species
Chapter VIII addresses the idea that species had special characteristics that prevented hybrids from being fertile in order to preserve separately created species. Darwin said that, far from being constant, the difficulty in producing hybrids of related species, and the viability and fertility of the hybrids, varied greatly, especially among plants. Sometimes what were widely considered to be separate species produced fertile hybrid offspring freely, and in other cases what were considered to be mere varieties of the same species could only be crossed with difficulty. Darwin concluded: "Finally, then, the facts briefly given in this chapter do not seem to me opposed to, but even rather to support the view, that there is no fundamental distinction between species and varieties."

Question: What conclusion did Darwin come to after realizing that some diverse species were able to create variations easily, while other species thought to be closely related had difficulty?
Answer: support the view, that there is no fundamental distinction between species and varieties