qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
San Juan, Argentina
San Juan (] ) is the capital city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at 650 m above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the 2001 census (over 500,000 in the metropolitan area).
Estancia Maradona
The Estancia Maradona is a protected area in San Juan Province, Argentina, about 50 km southwest of San Juan, Argentina.

Question: What is the name of the valley that the city 50 km northeast of The Estancia Maradona is located in?
Answer: Tulúm Valley
Seven Years' War
Frederick saw Saxony and Polish west Prussia as potential fields for expansion but could not expect French support if he started an aggressive war for them. If he joined the French against the British in the hope of annexing Hanover, he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack. The hereditary elector of Saxony, Augustus III, was also elective King of Poland as Augustus III, but the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia. Neither state could pose as a great power. Saxony was merely a buffer between Prussia and Austrian Bohemia, whereas Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania, was prey to pro-French and pro-Russian factions. A Prussian scheme for compensating Frederick Augustus with Bohemia in exchange for Saxony obviously presupposed further spoliation of Austria.

Question: Who was Poland's ancient ally?
Answer: Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania,
Jock Semple
John Duncan "Jock" Semple (October 26, 1903 – March 10, 1988) was a Scottish-American runner, physical therapist, trainer, and sports official. In 1967, he attained worldwide notoriety as a race official for the Boston Marathon, when he repeatedly assaulted 20 year old marathon runner Kathrine Switzer and knocked down her coach when he tried to protect her. Switzer was officially entered in the race in full accordance with the Boston Marathon's rule book which at that time made no mention of gender
Jock Semple
despite Semple claiming that amateur rules banned women racing for more than a mile and a half. He subsequently oversaw implementation of qualifying times in 1970 and, in response to lobbying and rule changes by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAU), the implementation of a separate women's race in 1972.
Kathrine Switzer
Kathrine Virginia Switzer (born January 5, 1947, in Amberg, Germany) is an American marathon runner, author, and television commentator.

Question: Jock Semple attempted to tear off the number of the female competitor born in what German city?
Answer: Amberg
Minions (film)
Minions is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film, serving as a spin-off prequel to the "Despicable Me" franchise. Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, written by Brian Lynch, and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy. The film stars the voices of Coffin (as the Minions, including Kevin, Stuart, and Bob), Sandra Bullock, Jon Hamm, Michael Keaton, Allison Janney, Steve Coogan, and Jennifer Saunders, with narration by Geoffrey Rush. It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of "Despicable Me 2" (2013), where Kevin, Stuart, and Bob, three of the Minions and the film's main characters, are seen auditioning for the film.
Brian Lynch (writer)
Brian Michael Lynch (born June 21, 1973) is an American film and comic book writer. Lynch was the initial writer and co-creator with Joss Whedon of "" for IDW Publishing, and is best known for writing the screenplays for the films "Puss in Boots", "Minions", "The Secret Life of Pets", "The Secret Life of Pets 2", and "". He has also written an unproduced film adaptation of "The Sims".

Question: What publishing house did the writer of the American computer-animated comedy film that was first foreshadowed in the end credits of "Despicable Me 2", co-create?
Answer: IDW Publishing
Middle Ages
The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally.

Question: Along with Naples, what city still traded African goods in the 7th century?
Answer: Rome
Pat Hughes (sportscaster)
Vergil Patrick "Pat" Hughes (born May 27, 1955 ) is an American sportscaster. He has been the radio play-by-play announcer for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB) since 1996.
Pat Hughes (sportscaster)
The 2020 season marks the 38th consecutive year Hughes has served as an MLB announcer. Hughes's MLB career began in 1983 performing as a TV play-by-play man for the Minnesota Twins, after which he spent 12 years in Milwaukee for the Brewers. Hughes also spent 17 years as a radio/TV game-caller for Marquette University basketball. In November 1995, Pat Hughes was selected by WGN Radio in Chicago to be the new "Voice of the Cubs". Hughes partnered with color commentator Ron Santo, former Hall of Fame third baseman for the Cubs, from 1996 to 2010, when Santo died. Their on-air chemistry came to be known as the "Pat and Ron Show". Besides Santo, Hughes has worked regularly as an on-air partner with other luminaries Harry Caray, Bob Uecker, and Al McGuire.
Bob Uecker
Robert George Uecker ( ; born January 26, 1934) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and current sportscaster, comedian, and actor.

Question: The American sportscaster Pat Hughes spent 12 years calling games with this broadcaster who played in the American Major League Baseball and now works as a comedian and actor?
Answer: Bob Uecker
Stephen V. Cole
Stephen V. Cole is an American game designer and the CEO of Amarillo Design Bureau (also known as ADB or, incorrectly, Starfleet Games) which publishes "Star Fleet Battles", "Federation and Empire", "Federation Commander", "Prime Directive" (a series of RPGs for D20, D20M, and GURPS), and other wargames set in the Star Fleet Universe. ADB became ADB, Inc., in 1999.
Prime Directive (role-playing game)
Prime Directive is a role-playing game set in the "Star Trek"-derived Star Fleet Universe. The game has gone through two different incarnations.

Question: What company publishes a Star Trek game that has gone through two different incarnations?
Answer: Amarillo Design Bureau
Dialect
The status of "language" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often called dialects and not languages in China, despite their mutual unintelligibility.

Question: What dialect is the language Romansh similar to?
Answer: Lombardic alpine
Culture
Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through diffusion or acculturation. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily it's meaning) moves from one culture to another. For example, Western restaurant chains and culinary brands sparked curiosity and fascination to the Chinese as China opened its economy to international trade in the late 20th-century. "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. "Direct borrowing," on the other hand, tends to refer to technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another. Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.

Question: What does the term Stimulus diffusion mean?
Answer: the sharing of ideas
Drink You Away
"Drink You Away" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Justin Timberlake for his fourth studio album, "The 20/20 Experience – 2 of 2" (2013). It was written and produced by Timberlake, Timothy "Timbaland" Mosley and Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon, with additional writing from James Fauntleroy. It was sent to US POP radio stations on November 23, 2015 as the fourth and final single from the album. Musically, it was defined by critics as a multi-genre song including classic rock, country pop, gospel blues and Memphis soul. Lyrically, on the track, Timberlake compares love to alcoholism while making references to several alcoholic brands including Jack Daniel's and Jim Beam. As of May 2016, the song has sold over 600,000 copies in the US.
Jim Beam
Jim Beam is an American brand of bourbon whiskey produced in Clermont, Kentucky, by Beam Suntory. It is one of the best-selling brands of bourbon in the world. Since 1795 (interrupted by Prohibition), seven generations of the Beam family have been involved in whiskey production for the company that produces the brand. The brand name became "Jim Beam" in 1943 in honor of James B. Beam, who rebuilt the business after Prohibition ended. Previously produced by the Beam family and later owned by the Fortune Brands holding company, the brand was purchased by Suntory Holdings in 2014.

Question: Which alcoholic brand named after the man who rebuilt its business did Justin Timberlake sing about in 2015?
Answer: Jim Beam
Fantastic Four
The Fantastic Four are a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The group debuted in "Fantastic Four" #1 (cover dated Nov. 1961), which helped to usher in a new level of realism in the medium. The Fantastic Four was the first superhero team created by artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby and editor/co-plotter Stan Lee, who developed a collaborative approach to creating comics with this title that they would use from then on.
Four Freedoms Plaza
Four Freedoms Plaza is a fictional structure appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is depicted as being located in the Manhattan of the Marvel Universe; it served as the replacement headquarters for the Fantastic Four when their original dwelling, the Baxter Building, was destroyed by Kristoff Vernard, the adoptive son of Doctor Doom. It is located at 42nd Street and Madison Avenue in New York City. The title of the building comes from a Franklin D. Roosevelt speech urging the Congress of the United States to enter World War II. In it Roosevelt outlined the four freedoms the world would enjoy if it united together to defeat the Axis Power:

Question: What was the original dwelling of the first superhero team created by editor/co-plotter Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby?
Answer: Baxter Building
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians account for 98.4% of the population. In the counties of Harju (including the capital city, Tallinn) and Ida-Viru, however, ethnic Estonians make up 60% and 20% of the population, respectively. Russians make up 25.6% of the total population but account for 36% of the population in Harju county and 70% of the population in Ida-Viru county.

Question: What percentage accounts for the total number people living in Hiiumaa that are ethnic Estonians?
Answer: 98.4%
Copyright infringement
In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while piracy has resulted in 46,000 fewer production-level jobs and almost 25,000 retail jobs. The U.S. government was also reported to suffer from music piracy, losing $422 million in tax revenue.

Question: Which government lost $422 million in potential tax money?
Answer: U.S. government
Lamont Johnson
Ernest Lamont Johnson Jr. (September 30, 1922 – October 24, 2010) was an American actor and film director who has appeared in and directed many television shows and movies. He won two Emmy Awards.
Harmony Korine
Harmony Korine (born January 4, 1973) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is best known for writing "Kids" (1995) and for writing and directing "Gummo" (1997), "Julien Donkey-Boy" (1999), "Mister Lonely" (2007) and "Spring Breakers" (2012). His film "Trash Humpers" (2009) premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and won the main prize, the DOX Award, at the CPH:DOX. In 2019, Korine directed his first project in six years, "The Beach Bum".
Harmony Korine
Korine was born in Bolinas, California, the son of Eve and Sol Korine. His family is Jewish. His father was a tapdancer and produced documentaries for PBS in the 1970s about an "array of colorful Southern characters"; he would take Korine to carnivals and circuses and taught him how to use a Bolex camera. As a child, Korine watched movies with his father, who rented Buster Keaton films and took him to see "Even Dwarfs Started Small" (1970) in the theater. Korine reminisces, "I knew there was a poetry in cinema that I had never seen before that was so powerful."

Question: What do Lamont Johnson and Harmony Korine have in common?
Answer: film director
Identity (social science)
Erik Erikson (1902–1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the "ego identity" (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next, known as the "personal identity"; and the collection of social roles that a person might play, known as either the "social identity" or the "cultural identity". Erikson's work, in the psychodynamic tradition, aimed to investigate the process of identity formation across a lifespan. Progressive strength in the ego identity, for example, can be charted in terms of a series of stages in which identity is formed in response to increasingly sophisticated challenges. The process of forming a viable sense of identity for the culture is conceptualized as an adolescent task, and those who do not manage a resynthesis of childhood identifications are seen as being in a state of 'identity diffusion' whereas those who retain their initially given identities unquestioned have 'foreclosed' identities (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 p7-8). On some readings of Erikson, the development of a strong ego identity, along with the proper integration into a stable society and culture, lead to a stronger sense of identity in general. Accordingly, a deficiency in either of these factors may increase the chance of an identity crisis or confusion .

Question: What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?
Answer: ego identity
Cesare Braico
Cesare Braico (24 October 1816, in Brindisi – 25 July 1887, in Rome) was a patriot, doctor and political man who took part in the "Enterprise of the Thousand" (Garibaldi's army). He was later appointed Deputy of Brindisi.
Brindisi
Brindisi ( , ] ( ) ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Question: Which city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy is Cesare Braico born in 
Answer: Brindisi
Andrei Okounkov
Andrei Yuryevich Okounkov ( , "Andrej Okun'kov") (born July 26, 1969) is a Russian mathematician who works on representation theory and its applications to algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, probability theory and special functions. He is currently a professor at Columbia University and the academic supervisor of HSE International Laboratory of Representation Theory and Mathematical Physics. In 2006, he received the Fields Medal "for his contributions to bridging probability, representation theory and algebraic geometry."
Anatoly Fomenko
Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko ( ) (born 13 March 1945 in Stalino, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, professor at Moscow State University, well known as a topologist, and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the author of a pseudoscientific theory known as New Chronology, based on works of Russian-Soviet writer and freemason Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov. He is also a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1991).

Question: Are Anatoly Fomenko and Andrei Okounkov employed by the same university?
Answer: no
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name "porter" was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London. This same beer later also became known as stout, though the word stout had been used as early as 1677. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined.

Question: In what year was the name stout first used to describe a dark beer?
Answer: 1677
Sexual orientation
The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.

Question: What theorists agreed with this concept?
Answer: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud,
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Although Germany used forced labourers in most other occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda and thus better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour. All Polish males were made to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as the 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died of starvation and diseases under its harsh conditions, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people perished.

Question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto? 
Answer: 380,000
Vacuum
Thermal conductivity gauges rely on the fact that the ability of a gas to conduct heat decreases with pressure. In this type of gauge, a wire filament is heated by running current through it. A thermocouple or Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) can then be used to measure the temperature of the filament. This temperature is dependent on the rate at which the filament loses heat to the surrounding gas, and therefore on the thermal conductivity. A common variant is the Pirani gauge which uses a single platinum filament as both the heated element and RTD. These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.

Question: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?
Answer: chemical composition of the gases being measured
Tongzhou District, Beijing
Tongzhou District (, alternate spellings "Tungchow" "Tungchou" (T'ung-chou), or Tong County during 1914–1997) is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km east of central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 , or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then, growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts, ten towns, and one ethnic township.
Shangzhi
Shangzhi () is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It is 127 km away from central Harbin and has an area of approximately 9000 km2 . The city proper has a population of around 120,000, while the total administrative population is approximately 600,000 inhabitants. The most spacious county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Yanshou County to the north, Wuchang to the southwest, Acheng District to the northwest, and Bin County to the northwest, as well as the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang to the southeast.

Question: Are Shangzhi and Tongzhou District, Beijing both part of China?
Answer: yes
Queen of Katwe
Queen of Katwe is a 2016 American biographical drama feature film directed by Mira Nair and written by William Wheeler. Starring David Oyelowo, Lupita Nyong'o, and Madina Nalwanga, the film depicts the life of Phiona Mutesi, a girl living in Katwe, a slum of Kampala, the capital of Uganda. She learns to play chess and becomes a Woman Candidate Master after her victories at World Chess Olympiads.
David Oyelowo
David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born 1 April 1976) is an British–American actor and producer. His highest-profile role to date was as Martin Luther King Jr. in the 2014 biographical drama film "Selma". He also took the lead role in "A United Kingdom" (2016) as well as playing the role of a chess coach in "Queen of Katwe" (2016). He has played supporting roles in the films "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" (2011), "Lincoln" (2012), "Jack Reacher" (2012), and garnered praise for portraying Louis Gaines in "The Butler" (2013). On television, he played MI5 officer Danny Hunter on the British drama series "Spooks" (2002–2004) and Javert in the BBC miniseries "Les Misérables" (2018).

Question: Name the director of the 2016 American biographical sports drama film, written by William Wheeler and which stars David Oyelowo, a Nigerian actor and producer?
Answer: Mira Nair
Hampden–Sydney College
Hampden–Sydney College (H-SC) is a private men's liberal arts college in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. Founded in 1775, Hampden–Sydney is the oldest privately chartered college in the southern United States, the tenth-oldest college in the nation, the last college founded before the American Declaration of Independence, and the oldest of only three four-year, all-male liberal arts colleges remaining in the United States (alongside Morehouse and Wabash). Hampden–Sydney College is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).
Bob Thalman
Robert Joseph Thalman (November 5, 1922 – January 31, 2012) was an American football and track coach. He served as the head football coach at Hampden–Sydney College from 1956 to 1959 and at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1971 to 1984, compiling a career college football record of 80–103–4. He led the VMI Keydets to Southern Conference championships in 1974 and 1977. Thalman played football at the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1948.

Question: What is the name of this liberal arts college for men in Virginia, where head football coach Bob Thalman served from 1956 to 1959?
Answer: Hampden–Sydney College
2015 Bahrain GP2 Series round
The 2015 Bahrain GP2 Series round was a pair of one-make single seater motor races held on 18 and 19 April 2015 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, Bahrain as part of the GP2 Series. It was the first round of the 2015 GP2 Series and was run in support of the 2015 Bahrain Grand Prix. The first race, a 32-lap feature event, was won by ART Grand Prix driver Stoffel Vandoorne from pole position. Rio Haryanto finished second for the Campos Racing team, and Racing Engineering driver Alexander Rossi took third. Haryanto won the second event, a 23-lap sprint race, ahead of Vandoorne in second, and Lazarus driver Nathanaël Berthon in third.
Alexander Rossi
Alexander Michael Rossi (born September 25, 1991) is an American professional racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 27 Honda for Andretti Autosport. Rossi is best known for winning the Indianapolis 500 as a rookie in 2016.

Question: Alexander Rossi, the American professional racing driver, came in 3rd place in which pair of motor races in April 2015? 
Answer: The 2015 Bahrain GP2 Series round
Chris Kirkpatrick
Christopher Alan Kirkpatrick (born October 17, 1971) is an American singer, dancer, actor, and voice actor who is known for his work as a founding member of the pop group NSYNC, in which he sang countertenor. He has provided voices for numerous kids shows, including the voice of Chip Skylark on "The Fairly OddParents". He also guest starred on "The Simpsons" as himself, along with his fellow NSYNC bandmates, in the episode "New Kids on the Blecch".
Together Again (NSYNC song)
"Together Again" is a song by American boy band NSYNC. It was released as the fifth single from their self-titled debut album. It was released in November 1997 exclusively on the German market. It was written by Andy Reynolds and Tee Green and is one of the few NSYNC songs where Joey Fatone and Chris Kirkpatrick each sing a verse.
Together Again (NSYNC song)
The music video for "Together Again" premiered in September 1997. The video features the band performing in a Christmas playroom, reminiscing about their own childhoods. The video shows pictures of the boys when they were younger, and changes the theme of the song to relate to the break-up between their selves and their parents. The video also shows the boys celebrating Christmas together.

Question: Name the American singer, dancer and voice actor who sings a verse in the song 'Together Again' by an American boy band alongside his fellow member Joey Fatone?
Answer: Chris Kirkpatrick
Botany
During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters may be artificial in keys designed purely for identification (diagnostic keys) or more closely related to the natural or phyletic order of the taxa in synoptic keys. By the 18th century, new plants for study were arriving in Europe in increasing numbers from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide. In 1753, Carl von Linné (Carl Linnaeus) published his Species Plantarum, a hierarchical classification of plant species that remains the reference point for modern botanical nomenclature. This established a standardised binomial or two-part naming scheme where the first name represented the genus and the second identified the species within the genus. For the purposes of identification, Linnaeus's "Systema Sexuale" classified plants into 24 groups according to the number of their male sexual organs. The 24th group, "Cryptogamia", included all plants with concealed reproductive parts, mosses, liverworts, ferns, algae and fungi.

Question: How are the plants classified?
Answer: number of their male sexual organs
Thomas Brightman
Thomas Brightman (1562–1607) was an English clergyman and biblical commentator. His exegesis of the Book of Revelation, published posthumously, proved influential. According to William M. Lamont, Brightman and Joseph Mede were the two most important revisionists of the interpretation and eschatology set down by John Foxe; among Brightman's contributions was to weaken the imperial associations tied to the Emperor Constantine I. The detailed reading, in favour of the Genevan and Scottish churches, and condemning the 'Laodicean' (lukewarm) Church of England, helped to move on the Puritan conceptions of church reform and its urgency.
Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the established church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.

Question: Who is the supreme governor of the church which Thomas Brightman condemned as Laodicean?
Answer: monarch
George VI
In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States; it was the first visit of a reigning British monarch to North America, although he had been to Canada prior to his accession. From Ottawa, they were accompanied by the Canadian prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth".

Question: What was Roper's position?
Answer: U.S. Ambassador to Canada
Insect
Insects were the earliest organisms to produce and sense sounds. Insects make sounds mostly by mechanical action of appendages. In grasshoppers and crickets, this is achieved by stridulation. Cicadas make the loudest sounds among the insects by producing and amplifying sounds with special modifications to their body to form tymbals and associated musculature. The African cicada "Brevisana brevis" has been measured at 106.7 decibels at a distance of 50 cm . Some insects, such as the "Helicoverpa zea" moths, hawk moths and Hedylid butterflies, can hear ultrasound and take evasive action when they sense that they have been detected by bats. Some moths produce ultrasonic clicks that were once thought to have a role in jamming bat echolocation. The ultrasonic clicks were subsequently found to be produced mostly by unpalatable moths to warn bats, just as warning colorations are used against predators that hunt by sight. Some otherwise palatable moths have evolved to mimic these calls. More recently, the claim that some moths can jam bat sonar has been revisited. Ultrasonic recording and high-speed infrared videography of bat-moth interactions suggest the palatable tiger moth really does defend against attacking big brown bats using ultrasonic clicks that jam bat sonar.

Question: Insect sounds come from what kind of action?
Answer: mechanical
2008 Sichuan earthquake
"The New York Times" reported that "government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas. Experts are reviewing the draft, the commission said." To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened. The payment amounts varied from school to school but were approximately the same. In Hanwang, parents were offered a package valued at US$8,800 in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly US$5,600. Furthermore, officials used other methods of silencing: riot police officers broke up protests by parents; the authorities set up cordons around the schools; and officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses.

Question: What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests?
Answer: money
She's Leaving Home
"She's Leaving Home" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and released on their 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". Paul McCartney wrote and sang the verse and John Lennon wrote the chorus, which they sang together. Neither George Harrison nor Ringo Starr was involved in the recording. The song's instrumental background was performed entirely by a small string orchestra arranged by Mike Leander, and was one of only a handful of Beatles songs in which the members did not play any instruments on the recording.
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. Released on 26 May 1967, it spent 27 weeks at number one on the "Record Retailer" chart in the United Kingdom and 15 weeks at number one on the "Billboard" Top LPs chart in the United States. It was lauded by critics for its innovations in songwriting, production and graphic design, for bridging a cultural divide between popular music and high art, and for reflecting the interests of contemporary youth and the counterculture. Its release was a defining moment in 1960s pop culture, heralding the Summer of Love, while the album's reception achieved full cultural legitimisation for pop music and recognition for the medium as a genuine art form. It won four Grammy Awards in 1968, including Album of the Year, the first rock LP to receive this honour.

Question: She's Leaving Home was from the album released on what date?
Answer: 26 May 1967
2008 Sichuan earthquake
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried. In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived. The Juyuan Middle School, where many teenagers were buried, was excavated by civilians and cranes. Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise.

Question: How many of the buildings in Beichuan collapsed?
Answer: 80%
Queen Victoria
Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864 a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.

Question: Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public?
Answer: Her uncle Leopold
Guinea-Bissau
The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.

Question: When were the first multi-party elections held?
Answer: 1994
The Tao of Physics
The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism is a 1975 book by physicist Fritjof Capra. It was a bestseller in the United States and has been published in 43 editions in 23 languages. The fourth edition in English was published in 2000.
Fritjof Capra
Fritjof Capra (born February 1, 1939) is an Austrian-born American physicist, systems theorist and deep ecologist. In 1995, he became a founding director of the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California. He is on the faculty of Schumacher College.

Question: What Austrian-born American physicist wrote a 1975 book which was a bestseller in the United States?
Answer: Fritjof Capra
New Power Generation
The New Power Generation, also known as The NPG, was the backing band of musician Prince from 1990 to 2013. They were replaced by 3rdeyegirl as his backing band in 2013. In 2015, the New Power Generation reunited as Prince's backing band for his final studio album before his death, "Hit n Run Phase Two". They reunited once again in 2017 for a US and European tour.
Girl 6 (album)
Girl 6 is a soundtrack album by American recording artist Prince. It was released on March 19, 1996 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is the soundtrack to the Spike Lee film of the same name. "Girl 6" consists of mostly previously released songs from Prince and related artists such as the Family, Vanity 6, and the New Power Generation. The three previously unreleased tracks are "She Spoke 2 Me" (recorded in 1991–1992), "Don't Talk 2 Strangers" (recorded in 1992, during sessions for the proposed "I'll Do Anything" soundtrack) and "Girl 6", which was newly recorded for the soundtrack.

Question: What is the name of American recording artist who released Girl 6 and was backed by The New Power Generation band? 
Answer: Prince
Sexual orientation
From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

Question: How many points were on each scale?
Answer: 10-point
Gene
Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism's genome through biotechnology. Since the 1970s, a variety of techniques have been developed to specifically add, remove and edit genes in an organism. Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in a chromosome to either disrupt or edit a gene when the break is repaired. The related term synthetic biology is sometimes used to refer to extensive genetic engineering of an organism.

Question: What sort of enzymes do recently developed genome engineering techniques use?
Answer: engineered nuclease enzymes
Where the Wild Things Are (film)
Where the Wild Things Are is a 2009 fantasy film directed by Spike Jonze. Written by Jonze and Dave Eggers, it is based on Maurice Sendak's 1963 children's book of the same name. It combines live-action, performers in costumes, animatronics, and computer-generated imagery (CGI). The film stars Max Records and features the voices of James Gandolfini, Paul Dano, Lauren Ambrose, Forest Whitaker, Catherine O'Hara, and Chris Cooper. The film centers on a lonely boy named Max who sails away to an island inhabited by creatures known as the "Wild Things," who declare Max their king.
Catherine O'Hara
Catherine Anne O'Hara {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born March 4, 1954) is a Canadian-American actress, writer, and comedian. She first drew notice as an actress in 1974 as a member of The Second City improvisational comedy troupe in Toronto. She landed her first significant television role in 1975 starring opposite John Candy and Dan Aykroyd in the main cast of the Canadian sitcom "Coming Up Rosie" (1975–1978). The following year, she and Candy began work on the sketch comedy series "Second City Television" (1976–84), where she drew critical acclaim for both her work as a comedic actress and writer, winning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1981.
Catherine O'Hara
O'Hara has appeared in several films directed by Tim Burton, beginning with the role of Delia Deetz in the 1988 fantasy comedy film "Beetlejuice". Other roles she has portrayed in Burton films include the voices of Sally/Shock in "The Nightmare Before Christmas" (1993) and Susan Frankenstein in "Frankenweenie" (2012). O'Hara has also frequently collaborated with director and writer Christopher Guest, appearing in the mockumentary films "Waiting for Guffman" (1996), "Best in Show" (2000), "A Mighty Wind" (2003), and "For Your Consideration" (2006). In 2000, she won a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for the crime drama film "The Life Before This". She is also known to audiences for her role as Kate McCallister, the mother of Kevin, in the holiday comedy film "Home Alone" (1990) and its sequel, "" (1992).

Question: Which Canadian-American actress, born in 1954, stars in Where the Wild Things Are?
Answer: Catherine O'Hara
Cube (film)
Cube is a 1997 Canadian independent science-fiction horror film directed and co-written by Vincenzo Natali. A product of the Canadian Film Centre's First Feature Project, Nicole de Boer, Nicky Guadagni, David Hewlett, Andrew Miller, Julian Richings, Wayne Robson and Maurice Dean Wint star as individuals trapped in the titular cube as they cross industrialized cube-shaped rooms, some rigged with various traps designed to kill.
William Phillips (director)
William Phillips is a Canadian film director and screenwriter. After graduating from the University of Toronto with a bachelor of science, Phillips studied film at Ryerson University. Phillips then ran a film production company entitled Grandview Products and worked on the second-unit of the film "Cube". After directing two short films, "Milkman" and "Deep Cut", Phillips wrote and directed his first feature film in 2001, "Treed Murray". The film earned five Genie Awards nominations including Best Motion Picture. Williams has since directed two more major Canadian films, "Foolproof" and "Gunless".

Question: William Phillips worked on the second unit of which Canadian horror film?
Answer: Cube
Meet the Robinsons
Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 30, 2007. The 47th Disney animated feature film, it was released in standard and Disney Digital 3-D versions. The film is loosely based on characters from the children's book "A Day with Wilbur Robinson", by William Joyce. The voice cast includes Jordan Fry, Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Tom Kenny, Steve Anderson, Laurie Metcalf, Adam West, Tom Selleck, and Angela Bassett. It was the first film released after then-Pixar executive John Lasseter became chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios.
David Stainton
David Stainton is an American film and television executive. He is most noted for his tenure as president of Walt Disney Feature Animation from 2003 to 2006, a period during which the studio converted from a traditional animation studio to a computer animation production company. The films "Chicken Little" (2005) and "Meet the Robinsons" (2007) were produced during Stainton's tenure at the studio.

Question: What film other than the 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios was produced during Stainton's tenure?
Answer: "Chicken Little"
Carnival
Three main parades take place during Carnival. The first is held on the first day, during which the "Carnival King" (either a person in costume or an effigy) rides through the city on his carriage. The second is held on the first Sunday of the festival, and the participants are mainly children. The third and largest takes place on the last day of Carnival and involves hundreds of people walking in costume along the town's longest avenue. The latter two parades are open to anyone who wishes to participate.

Question: What do people walk along the town's longest avenue in?
Answer: costume
John Galsworthy
John Galsworthy {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 14 August 1867 – 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. Notable works include "The Forsyte Saga" (1906–1921) and its sequels, "A Modern Comedy" and "End of the Chapter". He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.
Mary Higgins Clark
Mary Theresa Eleanor Higgins Clark (December 24, 1927 – January 31, 2020) was an American author of suspense novels. Each of her 51 books was a bestseller in the United States and various European countries, and all of her novels remained in print as of 2015 , with her debut suspense novel, "Where Are the Children?", in its seventy-fifth printing.

Question: are John Galsworthy and Mary Higgins Clark both nationals of the same country ?
Answer: no
Phonograph record
The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records. The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners. The LP record for longer works, 45 rpm for pop music, and FM radio became high fidelity program sources in demand. Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast and this in turn generated more record sales. The industry flourished.

Question: What was used for longer recordings?
Answer: LP record