qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
LIGO Scientific Collaboration
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) is a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to the search for gravitational waves.
LIGO Scientific Collaboration
The LSC was established in 1997, under the leadership of Barry Barish. Its mission is to ensure equal scientific opportunity for individual participants and institutions by organizing research, publications, and all other scientific activities, and it includes scientists from both LIGO Laboratory and collaborating institutions. Barish appointed Rainer Weiss as the first spokesperson.
Rainer Weiss
Rainer "Rai" Weiss ( ; ] ; born September 29, 1932) is an American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics. He is a professor of physics emeritus at MIT and an adjunct professor at LSU. He is best known for inventing the laser interferometric technique which is the basic operation of LIGO. He was Chair of the COBE Science Working Group.

Question: Ligo Scientific Collaboration appointed an American physicist as it's first spokesperson, who was a professor of physics at what university?
Answer: MIT
Saint Barthélemy
Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1200 ha (4¾ sq.mi.), and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshore rocks such as Les Gross Islets, Pain de Sucre, Tortue and Forchue. The Reserve is designed to protect the islands coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles. The Reserve has two levels of protection, the yellow zones of protection where certain non-extractive activities, like snorkeling and boating, are allowed and the red zones of high protection where most activities including SCUBA are restricted in order to protect or recover marine life. Anchoring is prohibited in the Reserve and mooring buoys are in place in some of the protected bays like Colombier.

Question: What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?
Answer: Reserve Naturelle
Little Bog River
The Little Bog River is a short stream in Hancock County, Maine. From its source ( ) in Osborn, the river runs 5.4 mi south to its confluence with Mill Brook in Eastbrook. Mill Brook flows west to Webb Pond. Via Mill Brook, Webb Pond, and Webb Brook, the Little Bog River is part of the Union River watershed.
Hancock County, Maine
Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the population was 54,418. Its county seat is Ellsworth. The county was incorporated on June 25, 1789 and named for John Hancock, the first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Commissioners are Antonio Blasi, Steven Joy and Percy Brown.

Question: What County that was incorporated on June 25, 1789 and named for John Hancock, has a short stream  from its source the river runs 5.4 mi south to its confluence with Mill Brook in Eastbrook?
Answer: Hancock County
Tyrolean hat
The Tyrolean hat ( , ), also Bavarian hat or Alpine hat, is a type of headwear that originally came from the Tyrol in the Alps, in what is now part of Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. 
Lowly Worm
Lowly is an anthropomorphic earthworm. He usually wears a Tyrolean hat on his head, which pays homage to the hat which Richard Scarry purchased in St. Anton in 1950 and often wore during visits to his publishers in New York City. Lowly also wears a shoe on the end of his tail, a blue and green tube on his body (intended to resemble a sleeveless shirt and one-legged trousers) over a singular "underpant" that covers his clitellum, and a red bow tie. His best friend is Huckle Cat, he lives in Busytown, and he drives an apple-shaped car. In various episodes of "The Busy World of Richard Scarry" and "Busytown Mysteries" and in the computer games "Richard Scarry's Busytown" and "How Things Work in Busytown" it is revealed that the car can also fly much like a helicopter.
Lowly Worm
Lowly attends school with Huckle and plays with him and his friends, but also takes part in more adult activities, such as driving a car. Hilda Hippo also has a crush on him, which he's reluctant to return, although he does consider Hilda a good friend.

Question: What garment from the Tyrol in the Alps, did Lowly Worm wear?
Answer: Tyrolean hat
Hellenistic period
Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BC). The royal palace ("basileion") also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive 4th-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.

Question: Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?
Answer: Zeuxis
Once Upon a Time in Shanghai (2014 film)
Once Upon a Time in Shanghai is a 2014 Hong Kong-Chinese martial arts film directed by Wong Ching-po and starring Sammo Hung, Philip Ng and Andy On with action choreography by Yuen Woo-ping and Yuen Cheung-yan. The film is a remake of the 1972 film "Boxer from Shantung" which starred Chen Kuan-tai, who also appears in a supporting role in this film.
Philip Ng
Philip Ng Wan-lung () is a Hong Kong-born American actor, martial artist and action choreographer. He is currently based in Hong Kong.

Question: Once Upon a Time in Shanghai is a 2014 Hong Kong-Chinese martial arts film directed by Wong Ching-po, and stars include Philip Ng, a Hong Kong-born American actor, martial artist and action choreographer, currently based in which location?
Answer: Hong Kong
FA Cup
Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw. Prior to the fifth round, fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only. The first six rounds are qualifiers, with the draws organised on a regional basis. The next six rounds are the "proper" rounds where all clubs are in one draw.

Question: When is the final?
Answer: May
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In 1633, in Fort Orange (New Netherland), the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans. As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population-groups of Native Americans. It reached Lake Ontario in 1636, and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679. During the 1770s smallpox killed at least 30% of the West Coast Native Americans. The 1775–82 North American smallpox epidemic and the 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic brought devastation and drastic population depletion among the Plains Indians. In 1832 the federal government of the United States established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans ("The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832").

Question: What did the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 establish?
Answer: a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans
City University of Macau
City University of Macau (CityU; , ) is a private university in Taipa, Macau, China. Formerly known as University of East Asia which was established in 1981. It was renamed as Asia International Open University (Macau) in 1992. The university offers doctorate, master, bachelor's degree programmes and pre-university study courses.
Chan Meng Kam
Chan Meng Kam (; born 9 November 1962 in Ludongcun, Dongshi, Jinjiang, Fujian, China) is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau. Chan Meng Kam is a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, President of the Macau Paralympic Committee, Chairman of City University of Macau and Huaqiao University.

Question: Which member of the Legislative Assembly of Macau is the Chairman of the university formerly known as Asia International Open University (Macau)?
Answer: Chan Meng Kam
Big Horn County, Montana
Big Horn County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 12,865. The county seat is Hardin. The county, like the river and mountain range, were named for the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains. The county was founded in 1913. It is located on the south line of the state.
Wolf Mountains
The Wolf Mountains, el. 4842 ft , sometimes referred to by local people as the Rosebud Mountains, and also known to the Crow Indians as the Wolf Teeth Mountains, are a mountain range east of Lodge Grass, Montana in Big Horn County, Montana.

Question: what year was the county thats home to the Wolf Mountains founded?
Answer: 1913
Ernest Shackleton
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton ( ; 15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Ernest Shackleton
Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's "Discovery" expedition of 1901–1904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S. During the "Nimrod" expedition of 1907–1909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88°S, only 97 geographical miles (112 statute miles or 180 kilometres) from the South Pole, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. For these achievements, Shackleton was knighted by King Edward VII on his return home.
Shackleton (crater)
Shackleton is an impact crater that lies at the south pole of the Moon. The peaks along the crater's rim are exposed to almost continual sunlight, while the interior is perpetually in shadow (a crater of eternal darkness). The low-temperature interior of this crater functions as a cold trap that may capture and freeze volatiles shed during comet impacts on the Moon. Measurements by the "Lunar Prospector" spacecraft showed higher than normal amounts of hydrogen within the crater, which may indicate the presence of water ice. The crater is named after Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton.

Question:  Shackleton is an impact crater is named after Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton, a polar explorer who led three British expeditions to where?
Answer: the Antarctic
Josip Broz Tito
In the years after Tito's death up to the present, there has been some debate as to his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist Vladan Dinić, in "Tito is not Tito", included several possible alternate identities of Tito, arguing that three separate people had identified as Tito.

Question: What was the name of Tito's personal doctor?
Answer: Aleksandar Matunović
Shuangliao
Shuangliao () is a city in western Jilin, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. It is under the administration of Siping City.
Panshi
Panshi () is a city of south-central Jilin province of Northeast China. It is under the administration of Jilin City.

Question: What province are both cities of Shuangliao and Panshi in?
Answer: Jilin
PlayStation 3
The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were eligible for full refunds or could continue the pre-order. On January 24, 2007, Sony announced that PlayStation 3 would go on sale on March 23, 2007, in Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Africa and New Zealand. The system sold about 600,000 units in its first two days. On March 7, 2007, the 60 GB PlayStation 3 launched in Singapore with a price of S$799. The console was launched in South Korea on June 16, 2007, as a single version equipped with an 80 GB hard drive and IPTV.

Question: On what date did the PlayStation 3 go on sale in Africa?
Answer: March 23, 2007
Objection Overruled
Objection Overruled is the ninth studio album by German heavy metal band Accept, released in 1993. It is the first to feature Udo Dirkschneider on lead vocals since 1986's "Russian Roulette". It was recorded at Dierks-Studios in Stommeln after pre-production at Roxx Studios.
Accept (band)
Accept is a German heavy metal band from the town of Solingen, formed in 1976 by guitarist Wolf Hoffmann and former members Udo Dirkschneider (vocals) and Peter Baltes (bass). Their beginnings can be traced back to the late 1960s, when the band got its start under the name Band X. Accept's lineup has changed over the years, which has included different singers, guitarists, bassists and drummers. Their current lineup consists of Hoffmann, vocalist Mark Tornillo, guitarists Uwe Lulis and Philip Shouse, drummer Christopher Williams and bassist Martin Motnik. Hoffmann has been the sole constant member since its inception, and he and Baltes (until 2018, when the latter left Accept) are the only band members to appear on each album.
Accept (band)
Accept played an important role in the development of speed and thrash metal, and they were part of the German heavy metal scene, which emerged in the early to mid-1980s. They have also been cited as an influence by a number of acts, including Metallica, Pantera, Testament, Anthrax, and Annihilator, as well as fellow Germans such as Helloween, Blind Guardian, Doro, Sodom, Rage, and Grave Digger. Accept achieved its first commercial success with their fifth studio album "Balls to the Wall" (1983), which is the band's only album to be certified gold in the United States and Canada, and spawned their well-known hit "Balls to the Wall".

Question: Objection Overruled is the ninth studio album by which German heavy metal band from the town of Solingen, originally assembled by former vocalist Udo Dirkschneider, guitarist Wolf Hoffmann and bassist Peter Baltes?
Answer: Accept
Black people
In the post-apartheid era, the Constitution of South Africa has declared the country to be a "Non-racial democracy". In an effort to redress past injustices, the ANC government has introduced laws in support of affirmative action policies for Blacks; under these they define "Black" people to include "Africans", "Coloureds" and "Asians". Some affirmative action policies favor "Africans" over "Coloureds" in terms of qualifying for certain benefits. Some South Africans categorized as "African Black" say that "Coloureds" did not suffer as much as they did during apartheid. "Coloured" South Africans are known to discuss their dilemma by saying, "we were not white enough under apartheid, and we are not black enough under the ANC (African National Congress)".

Question: What laws did they introduce to support blacks?
Answer: affirmative action policies
Busy Philipps
Elizabeth Jean "Busy" Philipps (born June 25, 1979) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles on the television series "Freaks and Geeks" (1999–2000), "Dawson's Creek" (2001–03) and "ER" (2006–07), for her abortion access advocacy, and for her portrayal of Laurie Keller on the ABC series "Cougar Town" (2009–15), for which she received a Critics' Choice Television Award. She has also appeared in supporting roles in numerous films, such as "The Smokers" (2000), "Home Room" (2002), "White Chicks" (2004), "Made of Honor" (2008), "He's Just Not That into You" (2009), "The Gift" (2015), and "I Feel Pretty" (2018). 
Busy Philipps
Philipps was born in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. She received the nickname "Busy" as a child; sources conflict on whether the nickname came from her parents or a babysitter named Susie. Busy stated on her late-night talk show, "Busy Tonight," that her mother gave her the nickname, but stated during her book tour that her babysitter gave her the nickname.
Cougar Town (season 2)
The second season of "Cougar Town", an American television series, began airing on September 22, 2010 and concluded on May 25, 2011. Season two regular cast members include Courteney Cox, Christa Miller, Busy Philipps, Brian Van Holt, Dan Byrd, Ian Gomez, and Josh Hopkins. The sitcom was created by Bill Lawrence and Kevin Biegel.

Question: Which regular cast member of The second season of "Cougar Town" was born on June 25, 1979 ?
Answer: Busy Philipps
Bill Murray
William James Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and writer. Known for his deadpan delivery, he first rose to fame on "Saturday Night Live", a series of performances that earned him his first Emmy Award, and later starred in comedy films—including "Meatballs" (1979), "Caddyshack" (1980), "Stripes" (1981), "Tootsie" (1982), "Ghostbusters" (1984), "Scrooged" (1988), "Ghostbusters II" (1989), "What About Bob?" (1991), and "Groundhog Day" (1993). He also co-directed "Quick Change" (1990).
Scrooged
Scrooged is a 1988 American Christmas comedy film directed by Richard Donner and written by Mitch Glazer and Michael O'Donoghue. Based on the 1843 novella "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens, "Scrooged" is a modern retelling that follows Bill Murray as Frank Cross, a cynical and selfish television executive, who is visited by a succession of ghosts on Christmas Eve intent on helping him regain his Christmas spirit. The film also stars Karen Allen, John Forsythe, Bobcat Goldthwait, Carol Kane, Robert Mitchum, Michael J. Pollard and Alfre Woodard.
Scrooged
"Scrooged" was filmed on a $32 million budget over three months in Hollywood. Murray returned to acting for the film after taking a 4-year hiatus following the success of "Ghostbusters", which he found overwhelming. Murray worked with Glazer and O'Donoghue on reworking the script before agreeing to join the project. The production was tumultuous, as Murray and Donner had different visions for the film. Murray described his time on the film as "misery", while Donner called Murray "superbly creative but occasionally difficult". Along with Murray's three brothers, Brian, John, and Joel, "Scrooged" features numerous celebrity cameos.

Question: Who directed the 1988 film Bill Murray was in?
Answer: Richard Donner
Lovefoxxx
Luísa Hanae Matsushita (born February 25, 1984), known by her stage name Lovefoxxx, is the lead singer of the Brazilian indie band Cansei de Ser Sexy (CSS).
James Mercer (musician)
James Russell Mercer (born December 26, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and musician. He is the founder, vocalist, lead singer-songwriter, and sole remaining original member of the indie rock group The Shins. In 2009, Mercer and producer Danger Mouse formed the side project Broken Bells, for which they released a self-titled album in March 2010, followed by "After the Disco" in 2014. Mercer also has acted, appearing in Matt McCormick's feature film "Some Days Are Better Than Others", which premiered in 2010.

Question: WHat are both Lovefoxxx and James Mercer? 
Answer: singer
Treaty
Consent will also be invalidated if it was induced by the fraudulent conduct of another party, or by the direct or indirect "corruption" of its representative by another party to the treaty. Coercion of either a representative or the state itself through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent.

Question: Coercion of a state or its what through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent?
Answer: representative
Jehovah's Witnesses
From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members exceeded two million. Membership declined during the late 1970s after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong. Watch Tower Society literature did not state dogmatically that 1975 would definitely mark the end, but in 1980 the Watch Tower Society admitted its responsibility in building up hope regarding that year.

Question: From 1966, what did Witness publications and conventions think would happen in late 1975?
Answer: Christ's thousand-year reign
Stone Temple Pilots
Stone Temple Pilots (STP) is an American rock band from San Diego that originally consisted of Scott Weiland (lead vocals), brothers Dean DeLeo (guitar) and Robert DeLeo (bass, backing vocals), and Eric Kretz (drums). The band's line-up remained unchanged from its formation in 1989 until the firing of Weiland in February 2013. Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington joined the band in May 2013, but left amicably in November 2015. In 2016, the band launched an online audition for a new lead vocalist and announced Jeff Gutt as the new lead singer of the band on November 14, 2017.
Heaven & Hot Rods
"Heaven & Hot Rods" is a song by the American alternative rock group Stone Temple Pilots. It is the second single released in support of their album "No. 4".

Question: What band fired it's lead vocals in 2013?
Answer: Stone Temple Pilots
Memory
Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. Episodic memories often reflect the "firsts" in life such as a first kiss, first day of school or first time winning a championship. These are key events in one's life that can be remembered clearly. Research suggests that declarative memory is supported by several functions of the medial temporal lobe system which includes the hippocampus. Autobiographical memory – memory for particular events within one's own life – is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory. Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. One is able to place in memory information that resembles objects, places, animals or people in sort of a mental image. Visual memory can result in priming and it is assumed some kind of perceptual representational system underlies this phenomenon.

Question: When remembering your first day of school or first dance, which memory are you using?
Answer: Episodic memories
Trent Green
Trent Jason Green (born July 9, 1970) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for fifteen seasons. He played college football for Indiana University. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the eighth round of the 1993 NFL Draft, and also played for the BC Lions, Washington Redskins, St. Louis Rams, Kansas City Chiefs and Miami Dolphins. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV over the Tennessee Titans and was selected to two Pro Bowls with the Chiefs.
Jamie Erdahl
Jamie Erdahl (born December 3, 1988) is an American reporter for CBS Sports. She currently serves as the lead sideline reporter for the "SEC on CBS", teaming up with Brad Nessler and Gary Danielson. Jamie also covers the NCAA basketball regular season, the NBA and March Madness for CBS/Turner. She joined the company in 2014, and contributes to CBS Sports Network as a studio host.

Question: Which former American football quarterback who earned a Super Bowl Ring with the Rams currently serves as an NFL on CBS sideline reporter alongside Jamie Erdahl and Greg Gumbel?
Answer: Trent Green
Capacitor
The physical form and construction of practical capacitors vary widely and many types of capacitor are in common use. Most capacitors contain at least two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or surfaces separated by a dielectric medium. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, air, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy, although real-life capacitors do dissipate a small amount. (See Non-ideal behavior) When an electric potential, a voltage, is applied across the terminals of a capacitor, for example when a capacitor is connected across a battery, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing a net positive charge to collect on one plate and net negative charge to collect on the other plate. No current actually flows through the dielectric. However, there is a flow of charge through the source circuit. If the condition is maintained sufficiently long, the current through the source circuit ceases. If a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, the source experiences an ongoing current due to the charging and discharging cycles of the capacitor.

Question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?
Answer: a dielectric
Alexander Mosolov
Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov (Russian: , ; 11 August [O.S. 29 July] 1900  – 11 July 1973) was a Russian composer of the early Soviet era, known best for his early futurist piano sonatas, orchestral episodes, and vocal music.
Association for Contemporary Music
Association for Contemporary Music (ACM) ( , "ASM - Assotsiatsiya Sovremennoy Muzyki") was an alternative organization of Russian composers interested in avant-garde music. It was founded by Nikolai Roslavets in 1923. ACM ran concert series and published magazines promoting the modernist music of Mahler, Schoenberg, Berg, Webern, Krenek, and Hindemith, as well as the work of its members. Its leading members were Dmitri Shostakovich, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Vissarion Shebalin, Alexander Mosolov, Gavriil Popov, and Vladimir Shcherbachev. The organization's enthusiasm for avant-garde Western music and for experimentation met with opposition from the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians (RAPM), which by the late 1920s had eclipsed the ACM in terms of cultural influence. Both organizations existed until 23 April 1932, when they were abolished by the Decree on the Reformation of Literary and Artistic Organizations.

Question: The Association for Contemporary Music's leading members include what Russian composer of the early Soviet era, best known for his early futurist piano sonatas, orchestral episodes, and vocal music?
Answer: Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov
Alexander Graham Bell
As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims.

Question: Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases?
Answer: Amos Dolbear
The Friend (LDS magazine)
The Friend is the monthly English language children's magazine published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It is aimed at those of Primary age, approximately ages 3 through 12. It includes messages from church leaders, stories, crafts, recipes, and artwork and poetry submitted by readers.
The Saturday Evening Post
The Saturday Evening Post is an American magazine, currently published six times a year. It was published weekly under this title from 1897 until 1963, then every two weeks until 1969. From the 1920s to the 1960s, it was one of the most widely circulated and influential magazines within the American middle class, with fiction, non-fiction, cartoons and features that reached millions of homes every week. The magazine declined in readership through the 1960s, and in 1969 "The Saturday Evening Post" folded for two years before being revived as a quarterly publication with an emphasis on medical articles in 1971. As of the late 2000s, "The Saturday Evening Post" is published six times a year by the Saturday Evening Post Society, which purchased the magazine in 1982. The magazine was redesigned in 2013.

Question: Which magazine has more audience, The Friend or The Saturday Evening Post?
Answer: The Saturday Evening Post
Utrecht
The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large-scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by Arriva and Connexxion.

Question: What is one of Europes cleanest 
Answer: The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport
John Nettles
John Vivian Drummond Nettles, OBE (born 11 October 1943) is a British actor and writer. He is best known for playing the lead roles in the long-running television series "Bergerac" and "Midsomer Murders".
Orchis Fatalis
"Orchis Fatalis" is the third episode of the eighth season of British television show "Midsomer Murders" and the thirty-eighth episode overall. It stars John Nettles as Detective Chief Inspector Tom Barnaby and John Hopkins as Detective Sergeant Dan Scott. It concerns the discovery of a very rare orchid, the yellow roth, and a number of murders seemingly committed in an attempt to acquire it.

Question: Orchis Fatalis starred the actor and writer of what nationality?
Answer: British
Tilt-A-Whirl
Tilt-A-Whirl is a flat ride similar to the Waltzer in Europe, designed for commercial use at amusement parks, fairs, and carnivals, in which it is commonly found. The rides are manufactured by Larson International of Plainview, Texas.
Waltzer
A Waltzer is a flat fairground ride that often forms the centrepiece of traditional British and Irish fairs. The ride consists of a number of cars which spin freely while rotating around a central point, in much the same way as a carousel. As the cars revolve, the floor of the ride undulates over a track so that the cars rise and fall gently as the ride spins. The offset weight of the riders causes each car to rotate. The riders experience varying levels of g-force from the spinning of the car, and the rotation of the ride itself. Because of this, it is suitable for young people and adults – operators will impose height and age restrictions.

Question: Tilt-A-Whirl is a flat ride and is similar to what other flat fairground ride?
Answer: Waltzer
Battle of Aachen
The Battle of Aachen was a major combat action of World War II, fought by American and German forces in and around Aachen, Germany, between 2–21 October 1944. The city had been incorporated into the Siegfried Line, the main defensive network on Germany's western border; the Allies had hoped to capture it quickly and advance into the industrialized Ruhr Basin. Although most of Aachen's civilian population was evacuated before the battle began, much of the city was destroyed and both sides suffered heavy losses. It was one of the largest urban battles fought by U.S. forces in World War II, and the first city on German soil to be captured by the Allies. The battle ended with a German surrender, but their tenacious defense significantly disrupted Allied plans for the advance into Germany.
Western Allied invasion of Germany
The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II. In preparation for the Allied invasion of Germany, a series of offensive operations were designed to seize and capture the east and west bank of the Rhine River: Operation Veritable and Operation Grenade in February 1945, and Operation Lumberjack and Operation Undertone in March 1945. The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine on 22 March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to the Alpine passes in the south, where they linked up with troops of the U.S. Fifth Army in Italy. Combined with the capture of "Berchtesgaden", any hope of Nazi leadership continuing to wage war from a so-called "National redoubt" or escape through the Alps was crushed, shortly followed by unconditional German surrender on 8 May 1945. This is known as the "Central Europe campaign" in United States military histories.

Question: Which event began first, the Western Allied invasion of Germany or the Battle of Aachen?
Answer: The Western Allied invasion of Germany
Akira Kurosawa
Akira Kurosawa ( "Kurosawa Akira"; March 23, 1910 – September 6, 1998) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter, who directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.
Akira Kurosawa
Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film "Sanshiro Sugata" (a.k.a. "Judo Saga"). After the war, the critically acclaimed "Drunken Angel" (1948), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films.
Mike Judge
Michael Craig Judge (born October 17, 1962) is an American animator, actor, voice artist, filmmaker, screenwriter, musician and former physicist. Judge is the creator of the television series "Beavis and Butt-Head" (1993–1997, 2011), and co-creator of the television series "King of the Hill" (1997–2010), "The Goode Family" (2009), "Silicon Valley" (2014–2019), and "" (2017–2018). He also wrote and directed the films "Beavis and Butt-Head Do America" (1996), "Office Space" (1999), "Idiocracy" (2006), and "Extract" (2009).

Question: Which director is older, Mike Judge or Akira Kurosawa?
Answer: Akira Kurosawa
Armenia
The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent principality in northern and eastern Armenia known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The Orbelian Dynasty shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the House of Hasan-Jalalyan controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh.

Question: What area did the Hasan-jalalians command?
Answer: Artsakh and Utik
Culture
The sociology of culture concerns culture as manifested in society. For sociologist Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history." As such, culture in the sociological field can be defined as the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together shape a people's way of life. Culture can be any of two types, non-material culture or material culture. Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief systems, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions, while material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make or have made. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture, past or present.

Question: What makes up the sociological parts of culture according to Simmel?
Answer: ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects
North Carolina
In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). More than 200 years later, the University of North Carolina system encompasses 17 public universities including North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, East Carolina University, Western Carolina University, Winston-Salem State University, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, UNC Wilmington, Elizabeth City State University, Appalachian State University, Fayetteville State University, and UNC School of the Arts, and . Along with its public universities, North Carolina has 58 public community colleges in its community college system. The largest university in North Carolina is currently North Carolina State University, with more than 34,000 students.

Question: What year was the first public university opened in the United States?
Answer: 1795
Desperado (Eagles song)
"Desperado" is a song by the American rock band Eagles. The track was written by Glenn Frey and Don Henley and appeared on the 1973 album "Desperado" as well as numerous compilation albums. It ranked No. 494 on "Rolling Stone"' s 2004 list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Desperado (Eagles album)
Desperado is the second studio album by the American band the Eagles. It was recorded at Island Studios in London, England, and released in 1973. The songs on "Desperado" are based on the themes of the Old West. The band members are featured on the album's cover dressed like an outlaw gang; "Desperado" remains the only Eagles album where the band members appear on the front cover.

Question: Desperado was on the album recorded at what London studio?
Answer: Island Studios
Switzerland
Switzerland occupies the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe, as reflected in its four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population are German-speaking, Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: "Schweiz" ] (German); "Suisse" ] (French); "Svizzera" ] (Italian); and "Svizra" ] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, "Confoederatio Helvetica" – frequently shortened to "Helvetia" – is used instead of the four national languages.

Question: What is the predominant language in Switzerland?
Answer: German
Tennessee
Tourism contributes billions of dollars every year to the state's economy, and Tennessee is ranked among the Top 10 destinations in the nation. In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism equaled $1.5 billion. Each county in Tennessee saw at least $1 million from tourism while 19 counties received at least $100 million (Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier counties were the top three). Tourism-generated jobs for the state reached 152,900, a 2.8% increase. International travelers to Tennessee accounted for $533 million in spending.

Question: What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?
Answer: 2.8%
Kievan Rus'
Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav, like his druzhina, remained a staunch pagan. Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons, which resulted in two of his three sons being killed.

Question: In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?
Answer: 963
Patricia Veryan
Patricia Valeria Bannister, (born November 21, 1923 in London, England; died November 18, 2009 in Bellevue, Washington, USA) was a writer of historical romance fiction from 1978 until 2002. She wrote under the names Patricia Veryan and Gwyneth Moore.
A Company of Swans
A Company of Swans is a historical romance novel published in 1985 by Eva Ibbotson. The book is dedicated to Patricia Veryan.
A Company of Swans
Harriet Morton lives in Cambridge with her widowed father, the overprotective Professor Morton who teaches Classics at the University, and her controlling Aunt Louisa, who wishes her to marry an uninteresting entomology professor named Edward Finch-Dutton. When Harriet is two years old her mother dies from pneumonia. After her father and aunt ban her from attending school, believing women should not be highly educated, the only freedom allowed to her are ballet lessons at Madame Lavarre's school. One day, a lesson is visited by Sasha Dubrov, a famous ballet master who asks Harriet to join his company for a tour of South America, which will begin in Manaus. When Harriet brings up the idea at a family party her father refuses to let her join the tour out of fear that she'll get hurt. Professor Morton and Aunt Louisa eventually pull Harriet out of ballet believing that she'll be safer at home. Professor Morton tells Harriet that going to South America is too dangerous.

Question: which book was dedicvated to Gwyneth Moore
Answer: A Company of Swans
Education
As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its problems its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy". "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline." As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few. For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between education theory and practice.

Question: What defines Philosophy education?
Answer: the philosophical study of education and its problems
Sandra Sdraulig
Sandra Sdraulig (born 13 November 1963) is an executive coach and owner of Through the Roof offering executive coaching specifically tailored for women. She is also the chairman of the Adelaide Film Festival, chair of the Adelaide Festival of Ideas, a board member of both the Adelaide Festival of the Arts and the South Australian Art Gallery, a former creative and executive director of the Melbourne International Film Festival, and a former chief executive of Film Victoria. In 2012, she was awarded an Order of Australia (AM) for leadership in film and TV.
Adelaide Film Festival
The Adelaide Film Festival (ADLFF) is an international film festival held biennially in odd-numbered years in mid-October for two weeks, in Adelaide, South Australia, and recently with briefer events in intervening years. The ADLFF has a strong focus on local South Australian and Australian produced content, with the Adelaide Film Festival Investment Fund (AFFIF) established to fund investment in Australian films.

Question: Sandra Sdraulig, executive coach and owner of Through the Roof, is chairman of an international film festival held over two weeks in mid October where?
Answer: Adelaide, South Australia
Montana
The state song was not composed until 21 years after statehood, when a musical troupe led by Joseph E. Howard stopped in Butte in September 1910. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city editor for the "Butte Miner" newspaper, Charles C. Cohan, to help. The two men worked up a basic melody and lyrics in about a half-hour for the entertainment of party guests, then finished the song later that evening, with an arrangement worked up the following day. Upon arriving in Helena, Howard's troupe performed 12 encores of the new song to an enthusiastic audience and the governor proclaimed it the state song on the spot, though formal legislative recognition did not occur until 1945. Montana is one of only three states to have a "state ballad", "Montana Melody", chosen by the legislature in 1983. Montana was the first state to also adopt a State Lullaby.

Question: When was the state song composed?
Answer: 1910
Loring Air Force Base
Loring Air Force Base ( ) was a United States Air Force installation in northeastern Maine, near Limestone and Caribou in Aroostook County. It was one of the largest bases of the U.S. Air Force's Strategic Air Command during its existence, and was transferred to the newly created Air Combat Command in 1992.
Double cantilever hangar
A double cantilever hangar is a type of hangar that was constructed by the United States Air Force during the Cold War. Large hangars were constructed at Castle Air Force Base, Loring Air Force Base, Carswell Air Force Base, and Travis Air Force Base, while smaller hangars were constructed at March Air Force Base, Edwards Air Force Base, Hanscom Air Force Base, and Homestead Air Force Base.

Question: Which United States Airforce installation has a large cantilever hangar and is located in northeastern Maine?
Answer: Loring Air Force Base