qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Solar energy
In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost US$286/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceeded 20%, and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics was in excess of 40%.

Question: Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?
Answer: Dr Bruno Lange
Death metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, aggressive, powerful drumming featuring double kick and blast beat techniques, minor keys or atonality, abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes, and chromatic chord progressions. The lyrical themes of death metal may include slasher film-style violence, political conflict, religion, nature, philosophy, and science fiction. 
Death metal
Building from the musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal, death metal emerged during the mid-1980s. Bands such as Venom, Celtic Frost, Slayer, and Kreator were important influences on the genre's creation. Possessed, Death, Necrophagia, Obituary, Autopsy, and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as popular genre. Niche record labels like Combat, Earache, and Roadrunner began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate.
Aeternus
Aeternus is a blackened death metal band from Bergen, Norway. It was formed in 1993 as an idea of Ronny Hovland, calling himself Ares, and Erik Heggernes, a.k.a. Vrolok. Later in 1996 Nicola Trier, a.k.a. Morrigan, joined the duo as a bass player, forming the core trio that created the band's first two albums. Morrigan also created the logo picture of ravens and axes that still exists as one of the band's trademarks.

Question: What is the music played by the Norwegian band Aeternus a subgenre of?
Answer: heavy metal music
Guwe Secondary School
Guwe Secondary School is located in Zimbabwe. It has a sister school in Carle Place, New York, United States.
Carle Place High School
Carle Place Middle/High School is a six-year comprehensive public high school located in the hamlet of Carle Place in the Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York.

Question: Zimbabwe's Guwe Secondary School has a sister school in what New York cunty?
Answer: Nassau County
Ann Arbor, Michigan
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.70 sqmi , of which, 27.83 sqmi of it is land and 0.87 sqmi is water, much of which is part of the Huron River. Ann Arbor is 11.2 mi road miles west of Ypsilanti. Ann Arbor is also 42.1 mi road miles west of Detroit. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Ann Arbor is situated on the Huron River in a productive agricultural and fruit-growing region. The landscape of Ann Arbor consists of hills and valleys, with the terrain becoming steeper near the Huron River. The elevation ranges from about 750 ft along the Huron River to 1015 ft on the city's west side, near the intersection of Maple Road and Pauline Blvd. Generally, the west-central and northwestern parts of the city and U-M's North Campus are the highest parts of the city; the lowest parts are along the Huron River and in the southeast. Ann Arbor Municipal Airport, which is south of the city at , has an elevation of 839 ft .

Question: What is the landscape of Ann Arbor like?
Answer: hills and valleys
Hayley Williams
Hayley Nichole Williams (born December 27, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter who is best known as the lead vocalist, primary songwriter, and keyboardist of the rock band Paramore.
Hayley Williams
Born and raised in Mississippi, Williams moved to Tennessee at the age of 13 just after her parents divorced in 2002. In 2004, she formed Paramore alongside Josh Farro, Zac Farro, and Jeremy Davis. The band currently consists of Hayley Williams, Zac Farro and Taylor York. The band has released five studio albums: "All We Know Is Falling" (2005), "Riot!" (2007), "Brand New Eyes" (2009), "Paramore" (2013), and "After Laughter" (2017).
Adam Gontier
Adam Wade Gontier (born May 25, 1978) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, and main songwriter for Saint Asonia, but is best known as the former lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the Canadian rock band Three Days Grace. Gontier left Three Days Grace on January 9, 2013. In addition to his work with Three Days Grace, he has been involved in collaborations with other bands including Art of Dying and Apocalyptica.

Question: Are Adam Gontier and Hayley Williams from the same country?
Answer: no
Bermuda
After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Question: What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?
Answer: Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.
Mademoiselle (magazine)
Mademoiselle was a women's magazine first published in 1935 by Street and Smith and later acquired by Condé Nast Publications.
Charles (short story)
"Charles" is a short story by Shirley Jackson, first published in "Mademoiselle" in July 1948. It was later included in her 1949 collection, "The Lottery and Other Stories", and her 1953 novel, "Life Among the Savages".

Question: The story  "Charles" by Shirley Jackson first appeared in a magazine first published in what year?
Answer: 1935
M. A. R. Barker
Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker (born Phillip Barker, November 3, 1929 – March 16, 2012) was a professor of Urdu and South Asian Studies who created one of the first roleplaying games, Empire of the Petal Throne, and wrote several fantasy/science fantasy novels based in his associated world setting of Tékumel.
Tsolyáni language
Tsolyáni is one of several languages invented by M. A. R. Barker, developed in the mid-to-late 1940s in parallel with his legendarium leading to the world of Tékumel as described in the Empire of the Petal Throne roleplaying game, published by TSR in 1975.

Question: Tsolyáni was a language invented by a professor of which subjects?
Answer: Urdu and South Asian Studies
Yale University
Expansion caused controversy about Yale's new roles. Noah Porter, moral philosopher, was president from 1871 to 1886. During an age of tremendous expansion in higher education, Porter resisted the rise of the new research university, claiming that an eager embrace of its ideals would corrupt undergraduate education. Many of Porter's contemporaries criticized his administration, and historians since have disparaged his leadership. Levesque argues Porter was not a simple-minded reactionary, uncritically committed to tradition, but a principled and selective conservative. He did not endorse everything old or reject everything new; rather, he sought to apply long-established ethical and pedagogical principles to a rapidly changing culture. He may have misunderstood some of the challenges of his time, but he correctly anticipated the enduring tensions that have accompanied the emergence and growth of the modern university.

Question: When was Noah Porter president of Yale?
Answer: 1871 to 1886
Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress (Article I); the executive, consisting of the president (Article II); and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts (Article III). Article IV, Article V and Article VI embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. Article VII establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it. It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.
Paul A. Freund
Paul A. Freund (February 16, 1908—February 5, 1992) was an American jurist and law professor. He taught most of his life at Harvard Law School and is known for his writings on the United States Constitution and the Supreme Court of the United States.

Question: Paul A. Freund is known for his writings on what supreme law of the United States of America?
Answer: United States Constitution
Carmichaelia
Carmichaelia (New Zealand brooms) is a genus of 24 plant species belonging to Fabaceae, the legume family. All but one species are native to New Zealand; the exception, "Carmichaelia exsul", is native to Lord Howe Island and presumably dispersed there from New Zealand.
Elaeis guineensis
Elaeis guineensis is a species of palm commonly just called oil palm ( ), but also sometimes African oil palm or macaw-fat. It is the principal source of palm oil. It is native to west and southwest Africa, specifically the area between Angola and The Gambia; the species name "guineensis" refers to the name for the area, Guinea, and not the modern country which now bears that name. The species is also now naturalised in Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Central America, Cambodia, the West Indies, and several islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The closely related American oil palm "Elaeis oleifera" and a more distantly related palm, "Attalea maripa", are also used to produce palm oil.

Question: Which is indiduous to New Zealand, Carmichaelia or Elaeis guineensis?
Answer: Carmichaelia
Austrian Airlines
Austrian Airlines AG, sometimes shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it also maintains its hub. As of July 2016, the airline flew to six domestic and more than 120 international year-round and seasonal destinations in 55 countries. and is a member of the Star Alliance.
Austrian Air Services
Austrian Air Services, officially licensed as Österreichischer Inlands- und Regionalflugdienst GesmbH (German for "Austrian Domestic and Regional Flight Service"), was an airline headquartered in Austria, operating domestic and regional flights on behalf of Austrian Airlines.

Question: What types of flights does Austrian Air Services operate on behalf of the flag carrier of Austria?
Answer: domestic and regional flights
Insect
The word "insect" comes from the Latin word " ", meaning "with a notched or divided body", or literally "cut into", from the neuter singular perfect passive participle of , "to cut into, to cut up", from "in"- "into" and "secare" "to cut"; because insects appear "cut into" three sections. A calque of Greek [" "], "cut into sections", Pliny the Elder introduced the Latin designation as a loan-translation of the Greek word ("éntomos") or "insect" (as in entomology), which was Aristotle's term for this class of life, also in reference to their "notched" bodies. "Insect" first appears documented in English in 1601 in Holland's translation of Pliny. Translations of Aristotle's term also form the usual word for "insect" in Welsh ( , from " " "to cut" and " mil", "animal"), Serbo-Croatian ("zareznik", from "rezati", "to cut"), Russian ( "nasekomoje", from "seč'/-sekat"', "to cut"), etc.

Question: Who gave this class of life the name "insect"?
Answer: Aristotle
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In 1633, in Fort Orange (New Netherland), the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans. As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population-groups of Native Americans. It reached Lake Ontario in 1636, and the lands of the Iroquois by 1679. During the 1770s smallpox killed at least 30% of the West Coast Native Americans. The 1775–82 North American smallpox epidemic and the 1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic brought devastation and drastic population depletion among the Plains Indians. In 1832 the federal government of the United States established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans ("The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832").

Question: When did smallpox read the lands of the Iroquois?
Answer: by 1679
Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich August von Hayek ( , ] ; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist and philosopher who is best known for his defence of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and [...] penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena". His account of how changing prices communicate information that helps individuals co-ordinate their plans is widely regarded as an important achievement in economics, leading to his Nobel Prize.

Question: Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what?
Answer: F. A. Hayek
Translation
When a document survives only in translation, the original having been lost, researchers sometimes undertake back-translation in an effort to reconstruct the original text. An example involves the novel "The Saragossa Manuscript" by the Polish aristocrat Jan Potocki (1761–1815), who wrote the novel in French and anonymously published fragments in 1804 and 1813–14. Portions of the original French-language manuscript were subsequently lost; however, the missing fragments survived in a Polish translation, made by Edmund Chojecki in 1847 from a complete French copy that has since been lost. French-language versions of the complete "Saragossa Manuscript" have since been produced, based on extant French-language fragments and on French-language versions that have been back-translated from Chojecki's Polish version.

Question: When had Edmund Chojecki translated portions of the Saragossa Manuscript into Polish from French?
Answer: 1847
Detroit
The city's financial crisis resulted in Michigan taking over administrative control of its government. The state governor declared a financial emergency in March 2013, appointing Kevyn Orr as emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy. It was declared bankrupt by U.S. District Court on December 3, 2013, in light of the city's $18.5 billion debt and its inability to fully repay its thousands of creditors. On November 7, 2014, the city's plan for exiting bankruptcy was approved. The following month, on December 11, the city officially exited bankruptcy. The plan allowed the city to eliminate $7 billion in debt and invest $1.7 billion into improved city services.

Question: How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?
Answer: $18.5 billion
Violent Soho
Violent Soho are an Australian alternative rock band that was formed in 2004 in the Brisbane suburb of Mansfield, Queensland. The band consists of Luke Boerdam (lead vocals, guitar), James Tidswell (guitar, backing vocals), Luke Henery (bass, backing vocals) and Michael Richards (drums, backing vocals). Their sound has been compared to that of 1980s and 1990s alternative rock bands such as the Pixies, Mudhoney and Nirvana. The band's third studio album, "Hungry Ghost", was certified Gold in Australia in September 2014. Their fourth album, "Waco", debuted at number 1 on the Australian iTunes and ARIA charts in 2016. The band's fifth album, "Everything Is A-OK", was released on 3 April 2020.
Neon Horse
Neon Horse was an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed by Mark Salomon, Jason Martin and Steven Dail. They were previously signed to Tooth & Nail Records with whom they have released two studio albums. Neon Horse's sound has been described as a being influenced by the music of the 1980s. 
Neon Horse
Stavesacre lead singer Mark Salomon and Starflyer 59 founder Jason Martin wrote all songs on the band's first album. The September 2007 issue of "Alternative Press" states, "[Y]ou'll notice that you never see them in the same room at the same time with members of Stavesacre, Starflyer 59 and Joy Electric."

Question: Neon Horse and Violent Soho are both what?
Answer: rock band
Laughlin, Nevada
Laughlin is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is located on the Colorado River, directly across from the much larger Bullhead City, Arizona. Laughlin lies 90 mi south of Las Vegas, in the far southern tip of Nevada, and is known for its gaming and water recreation. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,323. The nearby communities of Bullhead City, Arizona; Needles, California; Fort Mohave, Arizona; and Mohave Valley, Arizona, bring the area's total population to about 100,000. Laughlin is also 286 mi northeast of Los Angeles.
Nicholas L. Bissell Jr.
Nicholas Louis "Nick" Bissell Jr. (January 14, 1947 – November 27, 1996) was the county prosecutor of Somerset County, New Jersey who fled to Laughlin, Nevada and killed himself in shame after being charged with embezzlement, tax fraud and abuse of power.

Question: Nicholas Louis "Nick" Bissell, Jr. to his own life after he fled to an unincorporated town and census-designated place in Clark County, Nevada how many miles south of Las Vegas?
Answer: 90
Angela Lansbury
Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born October 16, 1925) is a British-American actress who has appeared in theater, television, and film roles. Her career has spanned almost eight decades, much of it in the United States. Her work has received international attention.
Mrs. Santa Claus
Mrs. Santa Claus is a 1996 American made-for-television musical fantasy-comedy film starring Angela Lansbury in the title role as Mrs. Claus, the wife of Santa Claus. The film was billed as the first original musical written for television since "Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella" in 1957. It was originally broadcast as a Hallmark Entertainment presentation on CBS on December 8, 1996.
Mrs. Santa Claus
The movie is set in December 1910. Mrs. Santa Claus is trying to convince her husband, Santa Claus, to take a new route, but he is preoccupied with the Christmas rush and won't listen. Disgruntled, she takes the sleigh out herself, but is forced to land in New York City, where she is stranded when one of the reindeer (Cupid) becomes injured. As "Mrs. North", she takes up board with a family of Jewish immigrants who do not celebrate Christmas. She befriends many of the local children and women, and becomes involved with political issues of the period such as child labour and women's suffrage.

Question:  what was Angela Lansbury who played the role of Mrs. Santa Claus' profession?
Answer: actress
Gregorian calendar
In 1577, a "Compendium" was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the Sun and Moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio).

Question: What method was used instead of computations of the sun and moon?
Answer: tabular method
Martins Creek, New South Wales
Martins Creek is a small country town located between Dungog and Maitland in the Hunter Region
Dungog, New South Wales
Dungog is a country town on the Williams River in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Located in the middle of dairy and timber country, it is the centre of the Dungog Shire local government area and at the 2016 census it had a population of 2,025 people. The area includes the Fosterton Loop, 22 km of road, used in the annual Pedalfest. A small portion of Dungog lies in the Mid-Coast Council LGA.

Question: What town lies next to the centre of the Dungog Shire local government area?
Answer: Martins Creek
Annelid
The "Lophotrochozoa" hypothesis is also supported by the fact that many phyla within this group, including annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms, follow a similar pattern in the fertilized egg's development. When their cells divide after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these four cells form a spiral pattern. In these phyla the "fates" of the embryo's cells, in other words the roles their descendants will play in the adult animal, are the same and can be predicted from a very early stage. Hence this development pattern is often described as "spiral determinate cleavage".

Question: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have similar egg development?
Answer: annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms
Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment has been frequently linked to the French Revolution of 1789. One view of the political changes that occurred during the Enlightenment is that the "consent of the governed" philosophy as delineated by Locke in "Two Treatises of Government" (1689) represented a paradigm shift from the old governance paradigm under feudalism known as the "divine right of kings". In this view, the revolutions of the late 1700s and early 1800s were caused by the fact that this governance paradigm shift often could not be resolved peacefully and therefore violent revolution was the result. Clearly a governance philosophy where the king was never wrong was in direct conflict with one whereby citizens by natural law had to consent to the acts and rulings of their government.

Question: The "divine right of kings" was in direct conflict with which of Locke's philosophies?
Answer: "consent of the governed"
Futurama
Futurama is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening that aired on Fox from March 28, 1999 to August 10, 2003 and on Comedy Central from March 23, 2008 to September 4, 2013. The series follows the adventures of slacker Philip J. Fry, who is cryogenically preserved for 1000 years and is revived in the 31st century. Fry finds work at an interplanetary delivery company, working alongside the one-eyed Turanga Leela and robot Bender Bending Rodriguez. The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on "The Simpsons"; he brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox.
Dwayne Carey-Hill
Dwayne Carey-Hill is an American animation director who worked on the Comedy Central series "Drawn Together" while it was airing. Prior to "Drawn Together", he worked on "Futurama", as Susie Dietter's assistant director and then promoted to a director and directed the episode "Obsoletely Fabulous". He also worked for "Sit Down, Shut Up", an animated remake of the 2003 Australian show of the same name. He is a director on the animated TV series of "Napoleon Dynamite".

Question: Philip J. Fry was a character on a series created by what animation director? 
Answer: Dwayne Carey-Hill
New York City
The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants; more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.

Question: Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC?
Answer: Great Irish Famine
Qing dynasty
Ratification of the treaty in the following year led to a resumption of hostilities. In 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace and, in an act of revenge for the arrest of several Englishmen, burnt it to the ground. Prince Gong, a younger half-brother of the emperor, who had been left as his brother's proxy in the capital, was forced to sign the Convention of Beijing. The humiliated emperor died the following year at Rehe.

Question: What did Prince Gong sign?
Answer: Convention of Beijing
Mosaic
Bronze Age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders.

Question: The Beauty of Durres is in what country?
Answer: Albania
Nigeria
Nigeria's foreign policy was tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war. It supported movements against white minority governments in the Southern Africa sub-region. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. Nigeria was also a founding member of the Organisation for African Unity (now the African Union), and has tremendous influence in West Africa and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and ECOMOG, economic and military organizations, respectively.

Question: What group was Nigeria a founding member of?
Answer: Organisation for African Unity
Russian language
The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. "For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language."

Question: What language does the Russian Orthodox Church use?
Answer: South Slavic Old Church Slavonic
Central Arizona Project
The Central Arizona Project (CAP) is a 336 mi (541 km) diversion canal in Arizona in the United States. The aqueduct diverts water from the Colorado River to the Bill Williams Wildlife Refuge south portion of Lake Havasu near Parker into central and southern Arizona. CAP is managed and operated by the Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD). It was shepherded through Congress by Carl Hayden.
Schuylkill Canal
The Schuylkill Canal, or Schuylkill Navigation, was a system of interconnected canals and slack-water pools along the Schuylkill River in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, built as a commercial waterway in the early 19th-century. Chartered in 1815, the navigation opened in 1825 to provide transportation and water power. At the time, the river was the least expensive and most efficient method of transporting bulk cargo, and the eastern seaboard cities of the U.S. were experiencing an energy crisis due to deforestation. It fostered the mining of anthracite coal as the major source of industry between Pottsville and eastern markets. Along the tow-paths, mules pulled barges of coal from Port Carbon through the water gaps to Pottsville; locally to the port and markets of Philadelphia; and some then by ship or through additional New Jersey waterways, to New York City markets.

Question: Which of the following waterways, Central Arizona Project or Schuylkill Canal are inaccurately named?
Answer: Schuylkill Canal
J. T. Petty
J. T. Petty (born 28 February 1977 in Raleigh, North Carolina ) is an American filmmaker and video game writer. Petty's film and short novels contain elements of the horror genre. He wrote the Ubisoft video game, "Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell" as well as the survival horror games "Outlast" and "Outlast 2". He currently resides in Brooklyn, New York .
Outlast 2
Outlast 2 (stylized as OU⸸LAST) is a first-person psychological horror survival video game developed and published by Red Barrels. It is the sequel to the 2013 video game "Outlast", and features a journalist named Blake Langermann, along with his wife Lynn, roaming the Arizona desert to explore the murder of a pregnant woman only known as Jane Doe. Blake and Lynn get separated in a helicopter crash, and Blake has to find his wife while traveling through a village inhabited by a deranged sect that believes the end of days are upon them.

Question: Which of the video game written by J. T. Petty is a first-person survival horror video game developed and published by Red Barrels?
Answer: Outlast 2
Mudgee
Mudgee is a town in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the broad fertile Cudgegong River valley 261 km north-west of Sydney. Mudgee is at the centre of the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area. As at June 2018 Mudgee had a population of 12,410.
Gulgong
Gulgong is a 19th-century gold rush town in the Central Tablelands and the wider Central West regions of the Australian state of New South Wales. The town is situated within the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area. It is located about 300 km north west of Sydney, and about 30 km north of Mudgee along the Castlereagh Highway. At the 2016 Census, Gulgong had a population of 2,521.

Question: Where is the 19th-century gold rush town 30 km north a town in the broad fertile Cudgegong River valley 261 km north-west of Sydney?
Answer: Central Tablelands
Iran
In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. s of 2007 , Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign-exchange reserves, mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a five-year period and increase productivity and social justice.

Question: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006?
Answer: about 45%
Sidney Nolan
Sir Sidney Robert Nolan {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 22 April 191728 November 1992) was one of Australia's leading artists of the 20th century. Working in a wide variety of mediums, his oeuvre is among the most diverse and prolific in all of modern art. He is best known for his series of paintings on legends from Australian history, most famously Ned Kelly, the bushranger and outlaw. Nolan's stylised depiction of Kelly's armour has become an icon of Australian art.
Footballer (Nolan)
Footballer is a 1946 painting by Australian artist Sidney Nolan. It depicts an Australian rules footballer standing before a crowd of spectators at a football match. For many years the painting was thought to be a generic image of a footballer, however Nolan later revealed that the painting is based on Bill Mohr, a star player for the St Kilda Football Club during the 1930s.

Question: Footballer is a painting by an Australian artist best known for what?
Answer: his series of paintings on legends from Australian history
Plymouth Regional High School
Plymouth Regional High School (PRHS) is a public secondary school in Plymouth, New Hampshire, United States. Surrounding towns that attend PRHS are Ashland, Holderness, Campton, Rumney, Wentworth, Warren, Ellsworth, Waterville Valley and Thornton. Bruce Parsons is the current principal. The facility, opened in 1970, is located on Old Ward Bridge Road in Plymouth. It also housed Plymouth Elementary School until 1990. Plymouth Regional was known as Plymouth Area High School until 1991. The school colors are navy blue and white.
Ellsworth, New Hampshire
Ellsworth is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 83 at the 2010 census.

Question: If a high school student told you they were from a town whose population was 83 in 2010 and that they currently were enrolled at Plymouth Regional High School, what would you say their school colors must be?
Answer: navy blue and white
Sichuan
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan are populated by Tibetans and Qiang people. Tibetans speak the Khams and Amdo Tibetan, which are Tibetic languages, as well as various Qiangic languages. The Qiang speak Qiangic languages and often Tibetic languages as well. The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974. The Southwest University for Nationalities has one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments, and the Southwest Minorities Publishing House prints literature in minority languages. In the minority-inhabited regions of Sichuan, there is bilingual signage and public school instruction in non-Mandarin minority languages.

Question: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments?
Answer: Southwest University for Nationalities
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 to 1972. At its inception on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its open carry armed citizens' patrols ("copwatching") to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in the city.
John Huggins
John Jerome Huggins, Jr. (February 11, 1945 – January 17, 1969) was an American activist. Huggins was the leader in the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party who was killed by black nationalist US Organization members on the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) campus in January 1969.

Question: John Huggins was the leader of an organization orginally called what?
Answer: Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
Philadelphia
Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Academy of Music, home of Opera Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and the Philadelphia Theatre Company at the Suzanne Roberts Theatre produce a variety of new plays. Several blocks to the east are the Lantern Theater Company at St. Stephens Episcopal Church; and the Walnut Street Theatre, a National Historic Landmark stated to be the oldest and most subscribed-to theatre in the English-speaking world, founded in 1809. In May 2019, the Walnut Street Theatre announced a major expansion to begin in 2020.

Question: What is the oldest theater in the U.S.?
Answer: Walnut Street Theatre
Bird
The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac. This pericardial sac is filled with a serous fluid for lubrication. The heart itself is divided into a right and left half, each with an atrium and ventricle. The atrium and ventricles of each side are separated by atrioventricular valves which prevent back flow from one chamber to the next during contraction. Being myogenic, the heart's pace is maintained by pacemaker cells found in the sinoatrial node, located on the right atrium.

Question: What lubricates the pericardial sac?
Answer: serous fluid
Alps
In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games were cancelled but after that time the Winter Games have been held in St. Moritz (1948), Cortina d'Ampezzo (1956), Innsbruck, Austria (1964 and 1976), Grenoble, France, (1968), Albertville, France, (1992), and Torino (2006). In 1930 the "Lauberhorn Rennen" (Lauberhorn Race), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzbühl, Austria. Both races continue to be held each January on successive weekends. The Lauberhorn is the more strenuous downhill race at 4.5 km and poses danger to racers who reach 130 km/h within seconds of leaving the start gate.

Question: When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen?
Answer: 1930
Separation of church and state in the United States
On December 20, 2005, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in the case of ACLU v. Mercer County that the continued display of the Ten Commandments as part of a larger display on American legal traditions in a Kentucky courthouse was allowed, because the purpose of the display (educating the public on American legal traditions) was secular in nature. In ruling on the Mount Soledad cross controversy on May 3, 2006, however, a federal judge ruled that the cross on public property on Mount Soledad must be removed.

Question: What did a federal judge rule must be removed from public property?
Answer: the cross
Johnny Jonas
John Harold Jonas (born 27 February 1948) is a British painter. Over his career he has portrayed the culture on the French Riviera, depicted British sporting and cultural life, and maintains a current focus on portraiture. His commissions include Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Elizabeth II, David Cameron, Aga Khan IV, Sir Stirling Moss and Bear Grylls.
Bear Grylls
Edward Michael Grylls {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 7 June 1974), better known as Bear Grylls, is a British former SAS serviceman, survival instructor, and honorary lieutenant-colonel, and, outside his military career, an adventurer, writer, television presenter and businessman. He is widely known for his television series "Man vs. Wild" (2006–2011), originally titled "Born Survivor: Bear Grylls" for the United Kingdom release. Grylls is also involved in a number of wilderness survival television series in the UK and US. In July 2009, Grylls was appointed the youngest-ever Chief Scout of the United Kingdom and Overseas Territories at age 35, a post he has held for a second term since 2015.

Question: When was the British adventurer who has his portraiture commissioned by Johnny Jonas born? 
Answer: 7 June 1974
Moonsault Scramble
Moonsault Scramble was a shuttle roller coaster that operated from 1983 until 2000 at Fuji-Q Highland amusement park in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan. According to the "Guinness Book of Records", Moonsault Scramble was the tallest roller coaster in the world until 1996, when its record height was surpassed by another roller coaster at Fuji-Q Highland called Fujiyama, which reached 79 m in height. Moonsault Scramble was the first roller coaster to surpass 61 metres (200 ft) in height, and it remains the third tallest shuttle roller coaster ever built, behind (Six Flags Magic Mountain), and Tower of Terror II (Dreamworld). The coaster was removed from the park to make way for the construction of Dodonpa in 2001. The land where Moonsault Scramble once was is now occupied by Takabisha.
Fujiyama (roller coaster)
Fujiyama ( ) is a steel roller coaster at Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan. When Fujiyama opened in 1996 it was the world's tallest roller coaster at 259 ft , and had the largest drop in the world at 230 ft . Fujiyama was also the world's fastest roller coaster for a year of its operation, succeeded by Tower of Terror at Dreamworld theme park in Queensland, Australia, in 1997. Despite being the world's fastest roller coaster in operation for a year, Fujiyama set no world records for roller coaster speed. Steel Phantom at Kennywood set the world record for speed before engineers added additional brakes to slow the ride down because of safety and rider comfort concerns.

Question: Moonsault Scramble was the tallest roller coaster until 1996, when which steel roller coaster at the same park overtook it?
Answer: Fujiyama
YouTube
According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

Question: What was the original stimuli for creating the website?
Answer: difficulty sharing videos
Vermejo Park Ranch
Vermejo Park Ranch is a 590823 acre ranch owned by Ted Turner in northeastern New Mexico and southern Colorado. The ranch is about three-quarters the size of the State of Rhode Island. The ranch, which stretches from the Great Plains to the summit of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is used primarily for conservation, hunting, fishing, and other recreation, but also produces significant quantities of coalbed methane, a type of natural gas.
Ted Turner
Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American media proprietor, producer, and philanthropist. As a businessman, he is known as founder of the Cable News Network (CNN), the first 24-hour cable news channel. In addition, he founded WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television, which later became TBS.

Question:  The Vermejo Park Ranch is a 590823 acre ranch owned by a media mogul born in which year ?
Answer: 1938
Frédéric Chopin
All of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. His piano writing was technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument, his own performances noted for their nuance and sensitivity. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, the instrumental "ballade" (which Chopin created as an instrumental genre), études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only posthumously. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart, and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons of which he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.

Question: Chopin composed several songs to lyrics of what language?
Answer: Polish
Seven Years' War
Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms. Hence, Austria's prestige was restored in great part and the empire secured its position as a major player in the European system. Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire. The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

Question: What area was preserved from Prussian invasion?
Answer: it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony
Comprehensive school
Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.

Question: Parental choice has informed what controversial practice?
Answer: league tables of school performance
2008 Sichuan earthquake
A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought, and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST, May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST. A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16.

Question: From what airport did the chartered flight leave?
Answer: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
Federal Bureau of Investigation
On July 8, 2007, "The Washington Post" published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book "Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11." The "Post" reported, from Zegart's book, that government documents showed that both the CIA and the FBI had missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for the failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. The book blamed the FBI's decentralized structure, which prevented effective communication and cooperation among different FBI offices. The book suggested that the FBI had not evolved into an effective counter-terrorism or counter-intelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained agency cultural resistance to change. For example, FBI personnel practices continued to treat all staff other than special agents as support staff, classifying intelligence analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.

Question: What two agencies had a lack of co-operation?
Answer: FBI, CIA