qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Mark Carney
Mark Joseph Carney (born 16 March 1965) is an economist and banker who served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013 to 2020. He holds Canadian, British and Irish citizenship and was Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018.
David A. Dodge
David Allison Dodge {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born June 8, 1943) is a Canadian economist. He served a seven-year term as Governor of the Bank of Canada from February 1, 2001 to January 31, 2008. He was succeeded by Mark Carney. On September 12, 2008, he joined Bennett Jones LLP, a leading Canadian law firm, as a senior advisor in their Ottawa office. On May 2, 2008, he was elected as incoming chancellor of Queen's University, with that position to begin on July 1, 2008. Dodge served a three-year term as Queen's chancellor, and accepted a further three-year term beginning on July 1, 2011.

Question: What position does the man who succeeded David Allison Dodge as Governor of the Bank of Canada now hold?
Answer: Governor of the Bank of England
On the Origin of Species
In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation", written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. "Vestiges" used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time. But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation. Darwin read it soon after publication, and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists, including Adam Sedgwick, attacked its morality and scientific errors. "Vestiges" had significant influence on public opinion, and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated "Origin" by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream. While few naturalists were willing to consider transmutation, Herbert Spencer became an active proponent of Lamarckism and progressive development in the 1850s.

Question: What was the name of the anonymously published science book?
Answer: Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
Martin Gardner
Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer, with interests also encompassing scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literature—especially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton. He was also a leading authority on Lewis Carroll. "The Annotated Alice", which incorporated the text of Carroll's two Alice books, was his most successful work and sold over a million copies. He had a lifelong interest in magic and illusion and was regarded as one of the most important magicians of the twentieth century. He was considered the doyen of American puzzlers. He was a prolific and versatile author, publishing more than 100 books.
John Martin's Book
John Martin's Book was a children's magazine aimed at five- to eight-year-olds. Martin Gardner wrote that it was a "pioneering publication" and the "most entertaining magazine" aimed at this age group published in the US. Priced from 10 to 50 cents over its twenty-year run, it was primarily purchased by middle and upper income families due to its cost.

Question: Which prolific American author praised John Martin's Book?
Answer: Martin Gardner
Athletics at the 2013 Summer Universiade
Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan, Russia.
Winnie Nanyondo
Winnie Nanyondo (born 23 August 1993 in Mulago) is a Ugandan middle distance runner. She has represented her native country in several important international events, including the 2016 Summer Olympics, the 2014 World University Cross Country Championships, the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the 2013 Summer Universiade, and the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

Question: Winnie Nanyondo participated in what events at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan, Russia representing Uganda in July 2013?
Answer: 2013 Summer Universiade
Daniel Daly
Daniel Joseph Daly (November 11, 1873 – April 27, 1937) was a United States Marine and one of only nineteen men (including seven Marines) to have received the Medal of Honor twice. All Marine double recipients except Daly and Major General Smedley Butler received both Medals of Honor for the same action.
Daniel Daly
Daly is said to have yelled, "Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?" to the men in his company prior to charging the Germans during the Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I.
Smedley Butler
Major General Smedley Darlington Butler (July 30, 1881June 21, 1940), nicknamed "Old Gimlet Eye", was a senior United States Marine Corps officer who fought in both the Mexican Revolution and World War I. Butler was, at the time of his death, the most decorated Marine in U.S. history. During his 34-year career as a Marine, he participated in military actions in the Philippines, China, in Central America and the Caribbean during the Banana Wars, and France in World War I. Butler later became an outspoken critic of American wars and their consequences. Butler also exposed an alleged plan to overthrow the United States government.

Question: Which Major General was a Marine for 34 years and has received two separate Medals of Honor like Marine Daniel Daly?
Answer: Smedley Butler
Hamnet Shakespeare
Hamnet Shakespeare (baptised 2 February 1585 – buried 11 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway, and the fraternal twin of Judith Shakespeare. He died at the age of 11. Some Shakespearean scholars speculate on the relationship between Hamnet and his father's later play "Hamlet", as well as on possible connections between Hamnet's death and the writing of "King John", "Romeo and Juliet", "Julius Caesar", and "Twelfth Night".
Judith Quiney
Judith Quiney (baptised 2 February 1585 – 9 February 1662), née Shakespeare , was the younger daughter of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the fraternal twin of their only son Hamnet Shakespeare. She married Thomas Quiney, a vintner of Stratford-upon-Avon. The circumstances of the marriage, including Quiney's misconduct, may have prompted the rewriting of Shakespeare's will. Thomas was struck out, while Judith's inheritance was attached with provisions to safeguard it from her husband. The bulk of Shakespeare's estate was left, in an elaborate fee tail, to his elder daughter Susanna and her male heirs.

Question: Who married the twin of William Shakespeare's child who passed at age 11?
Answer: Thomas Quiney
Classical music
Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style. The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs. Towards the end of the period, the early dramatic precursors of opera such as monody, the madrigal comedy, and the intermedio are seen. Around 1597, Italian composer Jacopo Peri wrote "Dafne", the first work to be called an opera today. He also composed Euridice, the first opera to have survived to the present day.

Question: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?
Answer: opera
Charleston, South Carolina
Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law. Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

Question: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university?
Answer: College of Charleston
Zinc
Zinc chloride is often added to lumber as a fire retardant and sometimes as a wood preservative. It is used in the manufacture of other chemicals. Zinc methyl (Zn(CH)2 ) is used in a number of organic syntheses. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used in luminescent pigments such as on the hands of clocks, X-ray and television screens, and luminous paints. Crystals of ZnS are used in lasers that operate in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum. Zinc sulfate is a chemical in dyes and pigments. Zinc pyrithione is used in antifouling paints.

Question: What is the feature of zinc sufide that makes it useful in television screens?
Answer: luminescent pigments
Muammar Gaddafi
Once Gaddafi removed the monarchical government, he announced the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all". Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled the "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution" after the date on which it occurred. Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya. He proclaimed that the revolution meant "freedom, socialism, and unity", and over the coming years implemented measures to achieve this.

Question: What was the Libyan coup called at first?
Answer: White Revolution
Political corruption
More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably "Forbes" magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba from 1959 until his death in 2016, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven.

Question: What is Fidel Castro's official title?
Answer: General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba
Hellfest (auto show)
Hellfest is an annual all hearse car show, in Hell, Michigan, United States. In 2011, the event set a new Guinness World Record for the Longest Hearse Parade.
Hell, Michigan
Hell is an unincorporated community in Livingston County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As an unincorporated community, Hell has no defined boundaries or population statistics of its own. Located within Putnam Township, the community is centered along Patterson Lake Road about 15 mi northwest of Ann Arbor and 3 mi southwest of Pinckney. The community is served by the Pinckney post office with the 48169 ZIP Code.

Question: In what county is the annual Hellfest car show held?
Answer: Livingston County
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services. Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907, the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947. It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the fourth in order of precedence. The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority, global integrated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.

Question: When did the USAF split from the US Army?
Answer: 18 September 1947
Dialect
Modern nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between "language" and "dialect" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate "language" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate "people", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a "dialect" tends to be seen not as "a people" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy. The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy or even armed conflict.

Question: What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism?
Answer: the French Revolution
Avicenna
Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.

Question: What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism?
Answer: essence and existence
Love Is in the Air (Desperate Housewives)
"Love is in the Air" is the 14th episode of the ABC television series, "Desperate Housewives". The episode was the 14th episode for the show's first season. The episode was written by Tom Spezialy and was directed by Jeff Melman. It originally aired on Sunday February 13, 2005. This episode marks the first appearance of popular recurring character, Karen McCluskey played by Kathryn Joosten who would later become a main character in the show's sixth season.
Kathryn Joosten
Kathryn Joosten (December 20, 1939 – June 2, 2012) was an American television actress. Her best known roles include Dolores Landingham on NBC's "The West Wing" from 1999 to 2002 and Karen McCluskey on ABC's "Desperate Housewives" from 2005 to 2012, for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2005 and 2008.

Question: What awards did the actress  win ,best known roles include Dolores Landingham on NBC's "The West Wing" from 1999 to 2002, made an appearance of a popular recurring character, Karen McCluskey in the series "Desperate Housewives"?
Answer: two Primetime Emmy Awards
Hi Fly (airline)
Hi Fly's head office is located in Lisbon's city centre. Inside are all the corporate offices plus departments for flight and ground operations, engineering and maintenance, safety, security, commercial, finance, administration as well as quality control. There are also training classrooms for flight and cabin crews. At Lisbon Airport, there is a maintenance hangar operated by MESA, a group subsidiary.
Hi Fly (airline)
In May 2015, Saudi-Arabian airline Saudia immediately terminated a long-term leasing contract with Hi Fly over two Airbus A330s after one of them was seen at Ben Gurion Airport in Israel wearing the full Saudia livery. According to Israeli media reports, the A330 was undergoing routine maintenance with Israel Aerospace Industries' MRO wing Bedek as per its contract with Hi Fly. However, Arab News reported that even though the aircraft was not operating a commercial service for Saudia at the time, the Saudis claimed that Hi Fly had violated the terms of its contract by sending the jet to a country with which Saudi Arabia has no official diplomatic ties. Hi Fly subsequently returned the aircraft to its lessor along with its remaining A330-300.
Hi Fly Malta
Hi Fly Malta is a Maltese charter airline based at Malta International Airport and a subsidiary of the Portuguese Hi Fly.

Question: Hi Fly Malta is a subsidiary of a charter airline headquartered in what city?
Answer: Lisbon
DeVry University
DeVry University ( ) is a for-profit college based in the United States. The school was founded in 1931 by Herman A. DeVry as DeForest Training School and officially became DeVry University in 2002. s of  16, 2019, DeVry reported an undergraduate enrollment of 13,068 and a graduate school enrollment of 4,296, for a total of 17,364 students.
DeVry Advantage Academy (Texas)
DeVry Advantage Academy and CLC at H.P. Carter was a high school in the Fifth Ward of Houston, Texas, operated in conjunction with DeVry University. It was in the former Carter Career Center/Wheatley High School/E.O. Smith Education Center building. The school offered students the opportunity to receive a high school diploma and a degree in web graphic design at the same time. It opened in 2011 and closed in 2012.

Question: In what city is the DeVry Advantage Academy and CLC at H.P. Carter, that works with the university formerly known as DeForest Training School?
Answer: Houston, Texas
One Love (David Guetta album)
One Love is the fourth studio album by French DJ David Guetta, first released in the United Kingdom on 24 August 2009 through Virgin Records. Guetta's first major international release, the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics, and was a commercial success, selling over 3 million copies globally. It spawned a total of six worldwide hit singles throughout 2009 and 2010, most notably "When Love Takes Over", featuring American recording artist Kelly Rowland, "Sexy Bitch", featuring Senegalese-American R&B singer Akon, and "Who's That Chick?", featuring Barbadian recording artist Rihanna and "One Love", featuring British recording artist Estelle. "One Love" is also Guetta's last studio album to feature his long-time collaborator, Chris Willis, on vocals. Since the album's initial release it has since been reissued several times to include previously unreleased tracks and other bonus material.
Who's That Chick?
"Who's That Chick?" is a song by French DJ David Guetta from the reissue of his fourth studio album "One Love" (2009), entitled "One More Love" (2010). The song features guest vocals by Barbadian singer Rihanna and was written by Guetta, Kinda "Kee" Hamid, Patrick Leonard, Madonna, Frédéric Riesterer, and Giorgio Tuinfort. It was released internationally as the second single on 22 November 2010 as a digital single, and was also released as a CD single and an Extended play (EP), the latter of which was released in the United States and contained remixes of the song.

Question: What worldwide hit song off of the One Love album from French DJ David Guetta features guest vocals from Rihanna?
Answer: Who's That Chick?
Estonia
Estonia ( ] ( ) ), officially the Republic of Estonia ( ), is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45227 km2 , water 2839 km2 , land area 42388 km2 , and is influenced by a humid continental climate. Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Tartu are largest cities and urban areas in the whole country; other notable cities are Narva, Pärnu, Kohtla-Järve and Viljandi. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second-most-spoken Finnic language.

Question: What body of water borders Estonia on the west?
Answer: the Baltic Sea
Arthur's Magazine
Arthur's Magazine (1844–1846) was an American literary periodical published in Philadelphia in the 19th century. Edited by Timothy Shay Arthur, it featured work by Edgar A. Poe, J.H. Ingraham, Sarah Josepha Hale, Thomas G. Spear, and others. In May 1846 it was merged into "Godey's Lady's Book".
Sarah Josepha Hale
Sarah Josepha Buell Hale (October 24, 1788April 30, 1879) was an American writer, activist, and an influential editor. She was the author of the nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb". Hale famously campaigned for the creation of the American holiday known as Thanksgiving, and for the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument.

Question: What American holiday was campaigned for by author, Sarah Josepha Hale, whose work was published in an American periodical in the 19th Century?
Answer: Thanksgiving
Brandon Flowers
Brandon Richard Flowers (born June 21, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the lead singer, keyboardist, and occasional bass guitarist of the Las Vegas-based rock band the Killers, with whom he has recorded five studio albums.
Jason Hill (singer)
Jason Staehler Hill is an American film score composer, record producer, songwriter, mixer, and multi-instrumentalist. In 2014, Hill began his work in film with director David Fincher on the critically acclaimed motion picture Gone Girl. He was tasked to produce a new film version of the Charles Aznavour 1974 French classic “She” which featured a Hill penned orchestral and choral arrangement along with Richard Butler (The Psychedelic Furs) on vocals. This version was used as the teaser and trailer for the film. He was then asked to score Fincher's HBO series Videosyncrasy, and his Emmy nominated Netflix series MINDHUNTER. Hill is also the original music composer on Netflix’s FYRE: The Greatest Party That Never Happened, Showtimes’ Couples Therapy, Netflix's 5 part mini-series The Confession Killer as well as Netflix’s forthcoming series This is A Robbery.
Jason Hill (singer)
Hill is also the lead singer, guitarist, and producer for the band Louis XIV. He has produced records, or otherwise worked with, such artists as The Killers, David Bowie, Jet, Sky Ferreira, New York Dolls, Brandon Flowers, Ariel Pink, Wolfmother, The Virgins, Robbie Williams, Macy Gray, Convoy, Nick Littlemore and Luke Steele (Empire of the Sun), among many others and has sold over 15 million records to date.

Question: Jason Staehler Hill is an American record producer, songwriter, film score composer, audio engineer, mixer and multi-instrumentalist, he has worked with such artists as which American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the lead singer, keyboardist and occasional bass guitarist of the Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers?
Answer: Brandon Richard Flowers
Maria Brontë
Maria Brontë ( , "commonly" ; 23 April 1814 – 6 May 1825) was the eldest daughter of Patrick Brontë and Maria Brontë, née Maria Branwell.
Patrick Brontë
Patrick Brontë ( , ; 17 March 1777 – 7 June 1861) was an Irish Anglican priest and author who spent most of his adult life in England. He was the father of the writers Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë, and of Branwell Brontë, his only son. Patrick outlived his wife, the former Maria Branwell, by forty years, by which time all of their children had died as well.

Question: Where did the father of Maria Brontë spend most of his adult life?
Answer: England
Taken (film)
Taken (also titled 96 Hours and The Hostage) is a 2008 English-language French action-thriller film written by Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen, and directed by Pierre Morel. It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Famke Janssen, Katie Cassidy, Leland Orser, and Holly Valance. Neeson plays Bryan Mills, a former CIA operative who sets about tracking down his teenage daughter Kim (Grace) and her best friend Amanda (Cassidy) after the two girls are kidnapped by Albanian human traffickers while traveling in France during a vacation.
Taken (film)
"Taken" was released in France on 27 February 2008 by EuropaCorp, and later in the United States on 30 January 2009 by 20th Century Fox. The movie grossed more than $226 million. Despite mixed reviews from critics, numerous media outlets cited the film as a turning point in Neeson's career that redefined and transformed him to an action film star. The first film in the "Taken" franchise, the film was followed by two sequels—"Taken 2" and "Taken 3"—released in 2012 and 2014, respectively. A television series premiered in 2017 on NBC, with Clive Standen portraying a younger Bryan Mills.
Pierre Morel
Pierre Morel (born 12 May 1964) is a French film director and cinematographer. His work includes "District 13", "From Paris with Love", and "Taken."

Question: Which film was directed by this a French director in 2008?
Answer: Taken
Cleethorpes Town F.C.
Cleethorpes Town Football Club is a football club based in Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire, England. The club are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One South East and play at the Linden Club.
Alex Flett
Alexander Edward Flett (born 20 September 1992) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays for Cleethorpes Town, as a midfielder.

Question: Alexander Edward Flett (born 20 September 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder, for which football club based in Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire, England?
Answer: Cleethorpes Town Football Club
Hoover Dam
Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam for President Herbert Hoover by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947.
Topock Marsh
The Topock Marsh is one of the larger birdwatching sites found in the Lower Colorado River Valley, found from south of Hoover Dam to the Colorado River Delta in Mohave County, Arizona. This public land is managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, and available to the public for recreational purposes.

Question: What was the original name of the dam that serves as the northern boundary of the Topock Marsh?
Answer: Boulder Dam
Eritrea
Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. A common traditional clothing for Christian Tigrayan highlanders consists of bright white gowns called "zurias" for the women, and a white shirt accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Besides convergent culinary tastes, Eritreans share an appreciation for similar music and lyrics, jewelry and fragrances, and tapestry and fabrics as many other populations in the region.

Question: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
Answer: Western casual
Economy of Greece
Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.

Question: When did Greece adopt the Euro as its currency?
Answer: 2001
Flowering plant
The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as "Magnolia" where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract insect or bird pollinators. Attraction is effected by color, scent, and nectar, which may be secreted in some part of the flower. The characteristics that attract pollinators account for the popularity of flowers and flowering plants among humans.

Question: What is a willow's flower comprised of?
Answer: only a few stamens or two carpels
Quran
The astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum, while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing "the concept of knowledge." He writes: The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence ("And follow not that of which you have not the (certain) knowledge of..." 17:36) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ("Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful" 2:111), both in matters of theological belief and in natural science.Guessoum cites Ghaleb Hasan on the definition of "proof" according to the Quran being "clear and strong... convincing evidence or argument." Also, such a proof cannot rely on an argument from authority, citing verse 5:104. Lastly, both assertions and rejections require a proof, according to verse 4:174. Ismail al-Faruqi and Taha Jabir Alalwani are of the view that any reawakening of the Muslim civilization must start with the Quran; however, the biggest obstacle on this route is the "centuries old heritage of tafseer (exegesis) and other classical disciplines" which inhibit a "universal, epidemiological and systematic conception" of the Quran's message. The philosopher Muhammad Iqbal, considered the Quran's methodology and epistemology to be empirical and rational.

Question: Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of scientific thought and practice?
Answer: proof
Ed Mirvish
Edwin "Honest Ed" Mirvish, (July 24, 1914 – July 11, 2007) was an American-Canadian businessman, philanthropist and theatrical impresario who lived in Toronto, Ontario. He is known for his flagship business, Honest Ed's, a landmark discount store in downtown Toronto, and as a patron of the arts, instrumental in revitalizing the theatre scene in Toronto.
David Mirvish
David Mirvish, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born August 29, 1944) is a Canadian art collector, art dealer, theatre producer, real estate developer and son of the late Toronto discount department store owner "Honest" Ed Mirvish and artist Anne Lazar Macklin.

Question: Which parent of David Mirvish was instrumental in revitalizing the theatre scene in Toronto?
Answer: Ed Mirvish
Operation Banner
Operation Banner was the operational name for the British Armed Forces' operation in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2007, as part of the Troubles. It was the longest continuous deployment in British military history. The [[British Army]] was initially deployed, at the request of the [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]] [[government of Northern Ireland]], in response to the [[1969 Northern Ireland riots|August 1969 riots]]. Its role was to support the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] (RUC) and to assert the authority of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] in Northern Ireland. This involved [[counter-insurgency]] and supporting the police in carrying out [[internal security]] duties such as guarding key points, mounting checkpoints and patrols, carrying out raids and searches, [[riot control]] and [[bomb disposal]]. More than 300,000 soldiers served in Operation Banner. At the peak of the operation in the 1970s, about 21,000 British troops were deployed, most of them from [[Great Britain|Britain]]. As part of the operation, a new locally-recruited regiment was also formed: the [[Ulster Defence Regiment]] (UDR).
1969 Northern Ireland riots
During 12–16 August 1969, there was an outbreak of political and sectarian violence in Northern Ireland, which is often seen as the beginning of the thirty-year conflict known as the Troubles. There had been sporadic violence throughout the year arising out of the civil rights campaign, which demanded an end to discrimination against Catholics and Irish nationalists. Civil rights marches had been repeatedly attacked by Ulster Protestant loyalists and also came into frequent conflict with the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), the overwhelmingly Protestant police force.

Question: Which country's longest continuous deployment began because of intense political and sectarian rioting in Northern Ireland?
Answer: Britain
Menno Oosting
Menno Oosting (17 May 1964 – 22 February 1999) was a professional tennis player from the Netherlands, who won seven ATP Tour doubles titles out of 18 finals in his career.
Alona Bondarenko
Alona Volodymyrivna Bondarenko Dyachok ( , born 13 August 1984) is a Ukrainian tennis player. Her younger sister Kateryna Bondarenko also plays on the WTA Tour.
Alona Bondarenko
Her career-high singles ranking is No. 19, achieved on 14 April 2008. She defeated former world No. 1 Jelena Janković in the third round of the 2010 Australian Open, and won the 2008 Australian Open women's doubles tournament with her sister Kateryna, beating Victoria Azarenka and Shahar Pe'er in the finals. She also formerly paired with her older sister Valeria in doubles.

Question: Alona Bondarenko and Menno Oosting are very different, but share this career in common.
Answer: professional tennis player
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name. The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the "Harry Potter" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The story continues to follow Harry Potter's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes in order to stop him once and for all.
Freddie Hogan
Freddie Hogan (born 17 May 1988) is a British actor, who became known to a wider audience in a leading role in the ninth series of the British sitcom "Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps" broadcast by BBC Three. Hogan also appears in a minor role in the second part of the movie "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". His theatre performance in Extra Virgin earned him an Off West End Theatre Award nomination for Best Actor. Hogan is filming the new BBC1, 7 part series of "Jonathan Strange and Mr Norell" as Davey.

Question: What is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?
Answer: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Pub
The Bingley Arms, Bardsey, Yorkshire, is claimed to date to 905 AD. Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War. The Adam and Eve in Norwich was first recorded in 1249, when it was an alehouse for the workers constructing nearby Norwich Cathedral. Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton, Greater Manchester, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631. Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure.

Question: In what county is the Bingley Arms located?
Answer: Yorkshire
Ottoman Empire
Modern Ottoman studies indicate that the change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe was caused by the opening of the new sea routes. It is possible to see the decline in the significance of the land routes to the East as Western Europe opened the ocean routes that bypassed the Middle East and Mediterranean as parallel to the decline of the Ottoman Empire itself. The Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Balta Liman that opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors, would be seen as one of the staging posts along this development.

Question: What did the Treaty of Balta Liman do for Ottoman markets?
Answer: opened the Ottoman markets directly to English and French competitors
Roger Hodgson
Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson (born 21 March 1950) is an English musician, singer and songwriter, best known as the former co-frontman and founding member of progressive rock band Supertramp. Hodgson composed and sang the majority of the band’s hits such as "Dreamer", "Give a Little Bit", "Take the Long Way Home", "The Logical Song", "It's Raining Again", and "Breakfast in America".
Dexter Holland
Bryan Keith "Dexter" Holland (born December 29, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, virologist, pilot, and businessman, best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and primary songwriter of the American rock band The Offspring. In 2017, Holland attained a PhD in molecular biology.

Question: Did Dexter Holland, an American musician and songwriter for punk rock band The Offspring or Roger Hodgson, an English musician write and sing "Take the Long Way Home"?
Answer: Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson
Lily Allen
Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper (née Allen; born 2 May 1985) is an English singer, songwriter, and author. She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen. Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills. In 2005, she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings.
100 Miles & Running
100 Miles & Running is the third official mixtape by Washington, D.C. rapper Wale. It was released on July 11, 2007. The mixtape was mixed by Nick Catchdubs and featured remixes of songs by Amy Winehouse, Lily Allen and Justice. The mixtape also includes appearances from Daniel Merriweather, Mark Ronson and Tabi Bonney. XXL Magazine gave the mixtape a positive review and called Wale "the thinking man's Lil' Wayne", while the "Chicago Reader" picked it as a staff favorite from 2007 and called "W.A.L.E.D.A.N.C.E.", Wale's remix of Justice's "D.A.N.C.E", "positively epic". Wale and Ronson performed the song at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards and Wale later appeared on the cover of "URB" with Justice.

Question: 100 Miles & Running is the third official mixtape by Washington, D.C. rapper Wale, the mixtape was mixed by Nick Catchdubs and featured remixes of songs by Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper, known professionally as Lily Allen, is an English singer, songwriter, actress, and television presenter, born on which date?
Answer: 2 May 1985
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27 ) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.
A Treatise of Human Nature
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. The "Treatise" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature. Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the "extent and force of human understanding". Against the philosophical rationalists, Hume argues that the passions, rather than reason, govern human behaviour. He introduces the famous problem of induction, arguing that inductive reasoning and our beliefs regarding cause and effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is the result of mental habit and custom. Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and the passions rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions". Hume also offers a skeptical theory of personal identity and a compatibilist account of free will.

Question: Which English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist inspired Scottish philosopher David Hume to write his book "A Treatise of Human Nature" ?
Answer: Isaac Newton
Caroline B. Mason
Caroline B. Mason was the Head of School for The Albany Academy (starting in 2003) and the Albany Academy for Girls (starting in 1993) in Albany, New York. She has the distinction of being the only person in the United States to head two schools simultaneously. In 2006, she announced her intention of stepping down from her posts following the 2006 - 2007 academic year.
The Albany Academy
The Albany Academy is an independent college preparatory day school for boys in Albany, New York, USA, enrolling students from Preschool (age 3) to Grade 12. It was established in 1813 by a charter signed by Mayor Philip Schuyler Van Rensselaer and the city council of Albany. In July 2007, the once separate Albany Academy and Albany Academy for Girls merged into The Albany Academies. Both schools retain much of their pre-merger tradition and character and each continues to give diplomas under its own name. Tuition ranges from $13,500 for Preschool, up to $23,100 for grade 12.

Question: The school where Caroline B. Mason was the Head of School starting in 2003 was established in what year?
Answer: 1813
Roman Republic
The assembly of the tribes (i.e., the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would end. While it did not pass many laws, the Comitia Tributa did elect quaestors, curule aediles, and military tribunes. The Plebeian Council was identical to the assembly of the tribes, but excluded the patricians. They elected their own officers, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles. Usually a plebeian tribune would preside over the assembly. This assembly passed most laws, and could also act as a court of appeal.

Question: What assembly was responsible for the election of quaestors?
Answer: the Comitia Tributa
Thujopsis
Thujopsis ( ) is a genus of conifers in the cypress family (Cupressaceae), the sole member of which is Thujopsis dolabrata. It is endemic to Japan, where it is named asunaro ( ). It is similar to the closely related genus "Thuja" (arborvitae), differing in the broader, thicker leaves and thick cones. It is also called hiba, false arborvitae, or hiba arborvitae.
Apera
Apera is a small genus of annual grasses, known commonly as silkybent grass or windgrass. They are native to Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia but have been introduced and naturalized in much of North and South America.

Question: Which genus of plants is native to Europe, Apera or Thujopsis dolabrata?
Answer: Apera
Red
The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members.

Question: In what year was the Community Party of China created?
Answer: 1920
Police Academy (film)
Police Academy is a 1984 American comedy film directed by Hugh Wilson and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Its story follows a new recruitment policy for an unnamed police department's academy that is required to take in any recruit who wishes to try out to be a police officer. The film stars Steve Guttenberg, Kim Cattrall, and G.W. Bailey.
Police Academy (film)
The film was produced by The Ladd Company. It premiered on March 23, 1984. It grossed $8.5 million in its opening weekend and over $81 million worldwide, against a budget of $4.5 million. The film spawned six sequels in the "Police Academy" series and has an approval rating of 54% based on 28 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes.The film series has since gained a cult classic status. This is the only movie in the franchise that received an R rating.
Neal Israel
Neal Israel (born July 27, 1945) is an American actor, screenwriter, film and television producer and director best known for his comedic work in the 1980s for films such as "Police Academy", "Real Genius", and "Bachelor Party".

Question: What Hugh Wilson directed film did Neal Israel also work on?
Answer: Police Academy
Middle Ages
Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of 10 per cent of males and 1 per cent of females in 1500.

Question: In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?
Answer: one
Dominican Order
As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbours. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a Canon Regular under the Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.

Question: At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest?
Answer: twenty-five
Idealism
Subjective idealism (also known as immaterialism) describes a relationship between experience and the world in which objects are no more than collections or bundles of sense data in the perceiver. Proponents include Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, an Anglo-Irish philosopher who advanced a theory he called "immaterialism," later referred to as "subjective idealism", contending that individuals can only know sensations and ideas of objects directly, not abstractions such as "matter", and that ideas also depend upon being perceived for their very existence - "esse est percipi"; "to be is to be perceived".

Question: Of what see was Berkeley bishop?
Answer: Cloyne
A cappella
A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. The Psalms note that some early songs were accompanied by string instruments, though Jewish and Early Christian music was largely a cappella; the use of instruments has subsequently increased within both of these religions as well as in Islam.

Question: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?
Answer: Renaissance