qi2peng2/beerqa huggingface dataset:
Napoleon
Bonaparte could win battles by concealment of troop deployments and concentration of his forces on the "hinge" of an enemy's weakened front. If he could not use his favourite envelopment strategy, he would take up the central position and attack two co-operating forces at their hinge, swing round to fight one until it fled, then turn to face the other. In this Italian campaign, Bonaparte's army captured 150,000 prisoners, 540 cannons, and 170 standards. The French army fought 67 actions and won 18 pitched battles through superior artillery technology and Bonaparte's tactics.

Question: In what area did the French army display superior technology to its opponents?
Answer: artillery
Hampar Kelikian
Hampar Kelikian (January 17, 1899 – July 24, 1983) was an Armenian American orthopedic surgeon, who significantly extended the surgical field.
William Saroyan
William Saroyan ( ; August 31, 1908 – May 18, 1981) was an Armenian novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film The Human Comedy. When the studio rejected his original 240-page treatment, he turned it into a novel, "The Human Comedy."

Question: Between William Saroyan and Hampar Kelikian, who won more prestigious awards in their fields?
Answer: William Saroyan
Pub
Increasingly, more modern games such as video games and slot machines are provided. Pubs hold special events, from tournaments of the aforementioned games to karaoke nights to pub quizzes. Some play pop music and hip-hop (dance bar), or show football and rugby union on big screen televisions (sports bar). Shove ha'penny and Bat and trap were also popular in pubs south of London.

Question: At what sort of pub can you watch rugby union on television?
Answer: sports bar
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, colloquially known as the Met Life Tower, and also as the South Building, is a skyscraper occupying a full block in the Flatiron District of Manhattan in New York City. The building is composed of two sections: a 700 ft tower at the northwest corner of the block, at Madison Avenue and 24th Street, and a shorter east wing occupying the remainder of the block bounded by Madison Avenue, Park Avenue South, 23rd Street, and 24th Street. The South Building, along with the North Building directly across 24th Street, comprises the Metropolitan Home Office Complex, which originally served as the headquarters of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (now publicly known as MetLife).
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
The South Building's tower was designed by the architectural firm of Napoleon LeBrun & Sons and erected between 1905 and 1909. Inspired by St Mark's Campanile, the tower features four clock faces, four bells, and lighted beacons at its top, and was the tallest building in the world until 1913. The tower originally included Metropolitan Life's offices, and since 2015, it has contained a 273-room luxury hotel known as the New York Edition Hotel. The tower was designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1989, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It was also made a National Historic Landmark in 1978.
9 DeKalb Avenue
9 DeKalb Avenue (originally referred to as 340 Flatbush Avenue Extension) is a supertall residential skyscraper under construction in Downtown Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York City by Michael Stern's JDS Development Group. When completed it will become the tallest structure in New York City outside Manhattan, as well as the first supertall building in Brooklyn.

Question: Which building is on Madison Avenue, 9 DeKalb Avenue or Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower?
Answer: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
Akita (dog)
The is a medium breed of dog originating from the mountainous regions of northern Japan. There are two separate varieties of Akita: a Japanese strain, commonly called Akita Inu (inu means dog in Japanese) or Japanese Akita, and an American strain, known as the Akita or American Akita. The Japanese strain comes in a narrow palette of colors, with all other colors considered atypical of the breed, while the American strain comes in all dog colors. The Akita has a short double-coat similar to that of many other northern spitz breeds such as the Siberian Husky, but long-coated dogs can also be found in many litters due to a recessive gene. 
Galgo Español
The Galgo Español ("Spanish galgo") or Spanish sighthound is an ancient breed of dog, specifically a member of the sighthound family.

Question: What animal does Galgo Español and Akita have in common?
Answer: dog
Middle Ages
Population decline, counterurbanisation, collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire—came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire, Rome's direct continuation, survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the "Corpus Juris Civilis" or "Code of Justinian", was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th centuries. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions: Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.

Question: In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa?
Answer: 7th
Roark Capital Group
Roark Capital Group is an American private equity firm with over US$ 13.0 billion in equity capital raised since inception. The firm is focused on leveraged buyout investments in middle-market companies, primarily in the franchise/multi-unit, restaurant and food, retail healthcare and business services sectors. It is named for Howard Roark, the protagonist in Ayn Rand's novel, "The Fountainhead". The firm claims that its name is not meant to connote any particular political philosophy but instead signify the firm's admiration for the iconoclastic qualities of independence and self-assurance embodied by the central figure in "The Fountainhead".
The Fountainhead
The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success. The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an individualistic young architect who designs modernist buildings and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation. Roark embodies what Rand believed to be the ideal man, and his struggle reflects Rand's belief that individualism is superior to collectivism.

Question: What year was the novel featuring the fictional firm Roark Capital Group written?
Answer: 1943
Somalis
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient houses of dressed stone littered around Somalia are said to date from this period.

Question: What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with?
Answer: Pharaonic Egypt
Heresy
The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: "From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus was not the Christ]."

Question: Who suggested that it were the Jews that brought dissension into Christianity?
Answer: Tertullian
Art Laboe
Art Laboe (born Arthur Egnoian on August 7, 1925) is an American disc jockey, songwriter, record producer, and radio station owner, generally credited with coining the term "Oldies But Goodies".
Konstantin Orbelyan
Konstantin Aghaparoni Orbelyan ( ; , July 29, 1928 – April 24, 2014) was an Armenian pianist, composer, head of the State Estrada Orchestra of Armenia.

Question: Who is likely to have represented and advanced Armenian music more, Art Laboe or Konstantin Orbelyan?
Answer: Konstantin Aghaparoni Orbelyan
Pesticide
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, listed 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals that were (now mostly obsolete) organochlorine pesticides. Since chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides dissolve in fats and are not excreted, organisms tend to retain them almost indefinitely. Biological magnification is the process whereby these chlorinated hydrocarbons (pesticides) are more concentrated at each level of the food chain. Among marine animals, pesticide concentrations are higher in carnivorous fishes, and even more so in the fish-eating birds and mammals at the top of the ecological pyramid. Global distillation is the process whereby pesticides are transported from warmer to colder regions of the Earth, in particular the Poles and mountain tops. Pesticides that evaporate into the atmosphere at relatively high temperature can be carried considerable distances (thousands of kilometers) by the wind to an area of lower temperature, where they condense and are carried back to the ground in rain or snow.

Question: The movement of pesticides from wawrme to cooler climates is called what?
Answer: Global distillation
Roman Republic
In 179 Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Rome responded by sending a stronger army. This second consular army decisively defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna in 168 and the Macedonians duly capitulated, ending the war.

Question: Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War?
Answer: Rome
John, King of England
When Richard became king in September 1189, he had already declared his intention of joining the Third Crusade. He set about raising the huge sums of money required for this expedition through the sale of lands, titles and appointments, and attempted to ensure that he would not face a revolt while away from his empire. John was made Count of Mortain, was married to the wealthy Isabella of Gloucester, and was given valuable lands in Lancaster and the counties of Cornwall, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Nottingham and Somerset, all with the aim of buying his loyalty to Richard whilst the King was on crusade. Richard retained royal control of key castles in these counties, thereby preventing John from accumulating too much military and political power. The King named his four-year-old nephew Arthur as his heir. In return, John promised not to visit England for the next three years, thereby in theory giving Richard adequate time to conduct a successful crusade and return from the Levant without fear of John seizing power. Richard left political authority in England – the post of justiciar – jointly in the hands of Bishop Hugh de Puiset and William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex, and made William Longchamp, the Bishop of Ely, his chancellor. Mandeville immediately died, and Longchamp took over as joint justiciar with Puiset, which would prove a less than satisfactory partnership. Eleanor, the queen mother, convinced Richard to allow John into England in his absence.

Question: Who took over as joint justiciar with Puiset after Mandeville died?
Answer: Longchamp
Comcast
In 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of company) have registered complaints, and that cable is the only industry to score below 60 in the ACSI. Comcast's Customer Service Rating by the ACSI surveys indicate that the company's customer service has not improved since the surveys began in 2001. Analysis of the surveys states that "Comcast is one of the lowest scoring companies in ACSI. As its customer satisfaction eroded by 7% over the past year, revenue increased by 12%." The ACSI analysis also addresses this contradiction, stating that "Such pricing power usually comes with some level of monopoly protection and most cable companies have little competition at the local level. This also means that a cable company can do well financially even though its customers are not particularly satisfied."

Question: What prime factor did the ACSI use to explain this anomaly?
Answer: most cable companies have little competition at the local level
Song Seung-heon
Song Seung-heon (; born October 5, 1976) is a South Korean model and actor. He has acted in various television dramas, notably "Autumn in My Heart" (2000), ""East of Eden"" (2008), ""My Princess"" (2011), 
My Princess (TV series)
My Princess () is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy television series, starring Song Seung-heon, Kim Tae-hee, Park Ye-jin, and Ryu Soo-young. It aired on MBC from January 5 to February 24, 2011 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

Question: What is the name of this South Korean actor, born in October 1976, and starring in My Princess?
Answer: Song Seung-heon
Kathmandu
The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books in English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.

Question: Along with Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali and English, the National Library contains books in what language?
Answer: Nepal Bhasa
Hard rock
A few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with "It's My Life" from their double platinum-certified album "Crush" (2000). and AC/DC released the platinum-certified "Stiff Upper Lip" (2000) Aerosmith released a number two platinum album, "Just Push Play" (2001), which saw the band foray further into pop with the Top 10 hit "Jaded", and a blues cover album, "Honkin' on Bobo", which reached number five in 2004. Heart achieved their first Top 10 album since the early 90s with "Red Velvet Car" in 2010, becoming the first female-led hard rock band to earn Top 10 albums spanning five decades. There were reunions and subsequent tours from Van Halen (with Hagar in 2004 and then Roth in 2007), The Who (delayed in 2002 by the death of bassist John Entwistle until 2006) and Black Sabbath (with Osbourne 1997–2006 and Dio 2006–2010) and even a one off performance by Led Zeppelin (2007), renewing the interest in previous eras. Additionally, hard rock supergroups, such as Audioslave (with former members of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden) and Velvet Revolver (with former members of Guns N' Roses, punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland), emerged and experienced some success. However, these bands were short-lived, ending in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The long-awaited Guns N' Roses album "Chinese Democracy" was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material. More successfully, AC/DC released the double platinum-certified "Black Ice" (2008). Bon Jovi continued to enjoy success, branching into country music with "Who Says You Can't Go Home", which reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart in 2006, and the rock/country album "Lost Highway", which reached number one in 2007. In 2009, Bon Jovi released another number one album, "The Circle", which marked a return to their hard rock sound.

Question: What band released an album called Stiff Upper Lip in 2000?
Answer: AC/DC
Protestantism
The necessity and inerrancy were well-established ideas, garnering little criticism, though they later came under debate from outside during the Enlightenment. The most contentious idea at the time though was the notion that anyone could simply pick up the Bible and learn enough to gain salvation. Though the reformers were concerned with ecclesiology (the doctrine of how the church as a body works), they had a different understanding of the process in which truths in scripture were applied to life of believers, compared to the Catholics' idea that certain people within the church, or ideas that were old enough, had a special status in giving understanding of the text.

Question: What is the term for how the church as a whole works?
Answer: ecclesiology
Nico & Vinz
Nico & Vinz are a Norwegian duo consisting of Kahouly Nicolay "Nico" Sereba from Holmlia, Oslo and Vincent "Vinz" Dery from Lambertseter, Oslo. They formed in 2010 as Envy but changed their name to Nico & Vinz by the end of 2012. They are mostly famous for their biggest hit single "Am I Wrong", which peaked at number 2 in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.
When the Day Comes
"When The Day Comes" is a song by Norwegian hip hop duo Nico & Vinz. It was released as the third single from their second studio album "Black Star Elephant" (2014). It was released as a digital download in Norway on September 30, 2014. The song has peaked at number 9 in Norway.

Question: What number, has the group formerly named "Envy", newest single peaked at?
Answer: 9
Marrakesh
Marrakesh ( or ; "Marākiš"; , ) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is the capital of the mid-southwestern region of Marrakesh-Safi. It is west of the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. Marrakesh is 580 km southwest of Tangier, 327 km southwest of the Moroccan capital of Rabat, 239 km south of Casablanca, and 246 km northeast of Agadir.
Abdelaziz al-Tebaa
Abdelaziz al-Tebaa or Sidi Abdelaziz ibn Abdelhaq Tabbaa al-Hassani (died 1508) was the founder of the first sufi zawiyya of the Jazuli order in Marrakesh. The principles of Sidi al-Tabaa ultimately go back to Abu Madyan, as outlined in Abu Madyan's book "Bidayat al-murid" ("Basic principles of the Sufi path"), a compilation by Abu Mohammed Salih al-Majiri (d.631/1216). Al-Tebaa frequently travelled to Fez, where he gave lectures on Sufism and led recitations of Dala'il al-Khayrat at the al-Attarin madrasa. In Fez, he also initiated Sidi Ali Salih al-Andalusi (d. 903/1488), a refugee from Granada and author of "Sharh rahbat al-aman", who founded the second zawiya of the Jazouliya in Fez. At-Tabaa is also well known as one of the Sabatu Rijal, the seven saints of Marrakesh. His tomb is visited by many pilgrims throughout the year. He was succeeded by Sidi al-Ghazwani.

Question:  Abdelaziz al-Tebaa was the founder of the first sufi zawiyya of the Jazuli order in a city located to the north of which mountain range ?
Answer: Atlas Mountains
George Strickland Kingston
Sir George Strickland Kingston (23 August 1807 – 26 November 1880) arrived in South Australia on the in 1836. He was the Deputy Surveyor to William Light, engaged to survey the new colony of South Australia. Kingston was also the first Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly.
William Light
William Light (27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839), also known as Colonel Light, was a British-Malayan naval and army officer. He was the first Surveyor-General of the new British Province of South Australia, known for choosing the site of the colony's capital, Adelaide, and for designing the layout of its streets, six city squares, gardens and the figure-eight Adelaide Park Lands, in a plan later sometimes referred to as Light's Vision.

Question: George Strickland Kingston was the Deputy Surveyor to the man who chose which city as South Australia's capital?
Answer: Adelaide
Dog
A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.

Question: A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition?
Answer: infections.
She & Him
She & Him is an American musical duo consisting of Zooey Deschanel (vocals, piano, ukulele) and M. Ward (guitar, production). The band's first album, "Volume One", was released on Merge Records in March 2008.
She & Him
Deschanel and Ward met on the set of the film "The Go-Getter," in which Deschanel had a starring role. Martin Hynes, the director, introduced them to each other and asked them to sing a duet for the film's end credits. They performed the song "When I Get to the Border" by Richard and Linda Thompson. The two bonded over a shared interest in albums produced by George Martin and Phil Spector, as well as certain Ralph Peer groups such as the Carter Family.
Thieves (song)
"Thieves" is a song by American duo She & Him. Written by Zooey Deschanel, the song was released as the second single from the duo's second album, "Volume Two".

Question:  In which country was She & him which had a song "Thieves" written by Zooey Deschanel founded?
Answer: American
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. Two city council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor and council serve four-year terms. The mayor and one council member from each ward are elected in Presidential election years, and the other five council members are elected in the alternate even-numbered years. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council.

Question: How many council members are elected for the city's ward?
Answer: Two
Jon Rauch
Jon Erich Rauch (born September 27, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. At 6 ft , he is the tallest player in Major League Baseball history. He is also an Olympic Gold Medalist in baseball.
Eric Hillman
John Eric Hillman (born April 27, 1966 in Gary, Indiana) is a former Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher. 
Eric Hillman
Hillman played high school ball at Homewood-Flossmoor in suburban Chicago, and then collegiately at Eastern Illinois University. He pitched his entire 3-year MLB career with the New York Mets (1992–1994). After his MLB career, he pitched in NPB from 1995-1998 for the Chiba Lotte Marines and the Yomiuri Giants. Hillman was tied with fellow pitcher Randy Johnson for the tallest player in league history at 6 ft , before later being passed by 6 ft Jon Rauch.

Question: Both Eric Hillman and Jon Rauch are tied for being the tallest player in what sports organization?
Answer: Major League Baseball
LaserDisc
Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks. User-created "stacks" were shared and were especially popular in education where teacher-generated stacks were used to access discs ranging from art collections to basic biological processes. Commercially available stacks were also popular with the Voyager company being possibly the most successful distributor.

Question: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?
Answer: play specific content from the disc
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient. The President is not mandated to carry out the orders of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court does not have any enforcement power; the enforcement power lies solely with the executive branch. Thus, the executive branch can place a check on the Supreme Court through refusal to execute the orders of the court. For example, in "Worcester v. Georgia", President Jackson refused to execute the orders of the Supreme Court.

Question: Who has the power to issue a reprieve? 
Answer: The president
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") principally over the manner of England's governance and part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
John Harrison (died 1669)
Sir John Harrison (c. 1590 – 28 September 1669) of Balls Park, Hertfordshire was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1640 and 1669. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War.

Question: Sir John Harrison supported the Royalist side of the English Civil War and these Royalists were also known by what other name?
Answer: Royalists ("Cavaliers")
Beirut
Beirut ( ; ; , ] ) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. No recent population census has been conducted, but 2007 estimates ranged from slightly more than 1 million to 2.2 million as part of Greater Beirut, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region and the fifteenth-largest in the Arab world. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, Beirut is an important regional seaport.
Lebanese people in Egypt
The Lebanese people of Egypt are people from Lebanon or those of Lebanese descent who live or have lived in the country of Egypt. Many prominent figures that have emerged in Egypt were of Lebanese origin, such as the world-famous actor, Omar Sharif (born Michel Chalhoub), and the highly acclaimed Egyptian filmmaker, Youssef Chahine. Most Lebanese who resided in Egypt were highly educated, and the community as a whole contributed to both Egypt's cultural and financial well being, especially during the era of the Muhammad Ali dynasty. Since the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, most of Egypt's Lebanese community left the country immigrating to the Americas, Europe, and Australia, as well as many returning to their native Lebanon (especially Beirut).

Question: What is the capital city of the country of origin of the famous actor Omar Sharif?
Answer: Beirut
Westminster Abbey
The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed and built in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.

Question: Who built the organ?
Answer: Harrison & Harrison
Circadian rhythm
It is now known that the molecular circadian clock can function within a single cell; i.e., it is cell-autonomous. This was shown by Gene Block in isolated mollusk basal retinal neurons (BRNs). At the same time, different cells may communicate with each other resulting in a synchronised output of electrical signaling. These may interface with endocrine glands of the brain to result in periodic release of hormones. The receptors for these hormones may be located far across the body and synchronise the peripheral clocks of various organs. Thus, the information of the time of the day as relayed by the eyes travels to the clock in the brain, and, through that, clocks in the rest of the body may be synchronised. This is how the timing of, for example, sleep/wake, body temperature, thirst, and appetite are coordinately controlled by the biological clock.

Question: What section of the brain periodically releases hormones?
Answer: endocrine glands
Grit (newspaper)
Grit is a magazine, formerly a weekly newspaper, popular in the rural U.S. during much of the 20th century. It carried the subtitle "America's Greatest Family Newspaper". In the early 1930s, it targeted small town and rural families with 14 pages plus a fiction supplement. By 1932, it had a circulation of 425,000 in 48 states, and 83% of its circulation was in towns of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants.
Community Chickens
Community Chickens is a joint "Mother Earth News" and "Grit" online magazine published by Ogden Publications in Topeka, Kansas. It was created by Oscar H. Will III, Cheryl Long, Bryan Welch, and Taylor Miller in 2009.

Question: What is the state in which "America's Greatest Family Newspaper" is published?
Answer: Kansas
USS Enterprise (CV-6)
USS "Enterprise" (CV-6) was the seventh U.S. Navy vessel of that name. Colloquially called "The Big E", she was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. A "Yorktown"-class carrier, she was launched in 1936 and was one of only three American carriers commissioned before World War II to survive the war (the others being and ). She participated in more major actions of the war against Japan than any other United States ship. These actions included the attack on Pearl Harbor (18 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers of her Air Group arrived over the harbor during the attack; seven were shot down with eight airmen killed and two wounded — she was the only American aircraft carrier with men at Pearl Harbor during the attack and the first to sustain casualties during the Pacific War), the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, various other air-sea engagements during the Guadalcanal Campaign, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf. "Enterprise" earned 20 battle stars, the most for any U.S. warship in World War II, and was the most decorated U.S. ship of World War II. She was also the first American ship to sink a full-sized enemy warship after the Pacific War had been declared when her aircraft sank the Japanese submarine I-70 on 10 December 1941. On three occasions during the war, the Japanese announced that she had been sunk in battle, inspiring her nickname "The Grey Ghost".
USS Rich (DD-820)
USS "Rich" (DD-820/DDE-820) was a "Gearing"-class destroyer in the United States Navy during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. She was the second ship named in honor of Lieutenant (junior grade) Ralph McMaster Rich (1916–1942), who was awarded the Navy Cross for his leadership as a naval aviator aboard during the Battle of Midway.

Question:  Lieutenant (j.g.) Ralph McMaster Rich (1916–1942), was a fighter pilot who was awarded the Navy Cross for his leadership on an aircraft carrier, that launched in what year?
Answer: 1936
Tibet
After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet. In 1913, Tibet and Mongolia concluded a treaty of mutual recognition. For the next 36 years, the 13th Dalai Lama and the regents who succeeded him governed Tibet. During this time, Tibet fought Chinese warlords for control of the ethnically Tibetan areas in Xikang and Qinghai (parts of Kham and Amdo) along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In 1914 the Tibetan government signed the Simla Accord with Britain, ceding the South Tibet region to British India. The Chinese government denounced the agreement as illegal.

Question: Why did the Chinese goverment denounce the accord?
Answer: illegal
Gene
The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.

Question: What often plays only a small part in the structure of a gene? 
Answer: the actual protein coding sequence
2011 NHL Entry Draft
The 2011 NHL Entry Draft was the 49th NHL Entry Draft. It was held on June 24–25, 2011, at the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. It was the first time the Draft was held in the state of Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars hosted the 1989 NHL Entry Draft.
Emil Molin
Emil Molin (born February 3, 1993) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is playing for Brynäs IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He was selected by the Dallas Stars in the 4th round (105th overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

Question: Which year was the 49th NHL Entry Draft where Emil Molin selected by the Dallas Stars in the 4th round?
Answer: 2011 NHL Entry Draft
Time Inc.
Time Inc. was an American worldwide mass media corporation founded on November 28, 1922, by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden and based in New York City. It owned and published over 100 magazine brands, including its namesake "Time", "Sports Illustrated", "Travel + Leisure", "Food & Wine", "Fortune", "People", "InStyle", "Life", "Golf Magazine", "Southern Living", "Essence", "Real Simple", and "Entertainment Weekly". It also had subsidiaries which it co-operated with the UK magazine house Time Inc. UK (which later sold and since has been rebranded to TI Media), whose major titles include "What's on TV", "NME", "Country Life", and "Wallpaper". Time Inc. also co-operated over 60 websites and digital-only titles including "MyRecipes", "Extra Crispy", "TheSnug", HelloGiggles, and "MIMI".
Food & Wine
Food & Wine is an American monthly magazine published by Meredith Corporation. It was founded in 1978 by Ariane and Michael Batterberry. It features recipes, cooking tips, travel information, restaurant reviews, chefs, wine pairings and seasonal/holiday content and has been credited by "The New York Times" with introducing the dining public to "Perrier, the purple Peruvian potato and Patagonian toothfish".

Question: Who were the founders of the magazine published by Time Inc that was created in 1978?
Answer: Ariane and Michael Batterberry
Tennessee
Tennessee politics, like that of most U.S. states, are dominated by the Republican and the Democratic parties. Historian Dewey W. Grantham traces divisions in the state to the period of the American Civil War; for decades afterward, the eastern third of the state was heavily Republican and the western two thirds mostly voted Democratic. This division was related to the state's pattern of farming, plantations and slaveholding. The eastern section was made up of yeoman farmers, but Middle and West Tennessee farmers cultivated crops such as tobacco and cotton which were dependent on the use of slave labor. These areas became defined as Democratic after the war.

Question: Which crops grown in West Tennessee had required a great deal of slave labor?
Answer: tobacco and cotton
Muslim world
The term "Islamic Golden Age" has been attributed to a period in history wherein science, economic development and cultural works in most of the Muslim-dominated world flourished. The age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic, and to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad in 1258. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations.

Question: Where was the House of Wisdom held?
Answer: Baghdad
Near East
From the death of the Near East new nations were able to rise from the ashes, notably the Republic of Turkey. Paradoxically it now aligned itself with the west rather than with the east. Mustafa Kemal, its founder, a former Ottoman high-ranking officer, was insistent on this social revolution, which, among other changes, liberated women from the strait rules still in effect in most Arabic-speaking countries. The demise of the political Near East now left a gap where it had been, into which stepped the Middle East.

Question: Who was a former Ottoman high-ranking officer?
Answer: Mustafa Kemal
Hana Mandlíková
Hana Mandlíková (born 19 February 1962) is a former professional tennis player from Czechoslovakia who later obtained Australian citizenship. During her career, she won four Grand Slam singles titles: the 1980 Australian Open, 1981 French Open, 1985 US Open, and the 1987 Australian Open. She was also the runner-up at four Grand Slam singles events, including the Wimbledon finals of 1981 and 1986, and won one Grand Slam women's doubles title, at the 1989 US Open with Martina Navratilova. Inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1994, she is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time.
Hana Mandlíková
Mandlikova had a career-high singles ranking of No. 3, and was ranked in the world's Top 50 for 12 consecutive seasons (1978–89), including seven in the Top 10. She led Czechoslovakia to three consecutive Fed Cup titles from 1983–1985, and was only the third woman to win Grand Slam titles on grass, clay, and hard courts, joining Chris Evert and Martina Navratilova. She defeated both Evert and Navratilova on consecutive days to accomplish this feat at the 1985 US Open. She retired in 1990, and went on to coach Jana Novotná to the 1998 Wimbledon singles title and a career-high ranking of No. 2. She also served as the Czech Republic's Olympic and Fed Cup coach until 1996.
Andrea Jaeger
Andrea Jaeger ( ; born June 4, 1965) is a former World No. 2 professional tennis player from the United States whose brief but highly successful tennis career ended prematurely due to major shoulder injuries. Jaeger reached the singles final of Wimbledon in 1983 and the French Open in 1982. She reached the singles semifinals of the Australian Open in 1982 and of the U.S. Open in 1980 and 1982. She also won 10 singles titles. In mixed doubles, Jaeger won the French Open with Jimmy Arias in 1981. During her career, Jaeger won U.S. $1.4 million in prize money and millions more in endorsements. After retirement in 1987, she has prominently dedicated her life to public service, charities, and philanthropy. In 2006, she became "Sister Andrea" as a member of the Anglican Order of Preachers. She is a member of the Episcopal Church and based in Santa Rosa Beach, Florida, U.S.

Question: What were Hana Mandlíková and Andrea Jaeger
Answer: former professional tennis player
The Party Machine with Nia Peeples
The Party Machine with Nia Peeples is a half-hour late-night American musical variety show that aired in syndication for one season in 1991. The show was hosted by Nia Peeples and executive produced by Arsenio Hall.
Arsenio Hall
Arsenio Hall (born February 12, 1956) is an American comedian, talk show host, actor, writer and producer. He is best known for hosting "The Arsenio Hall Show", a late-night talk show that ran from 1989 until 1994, and again from 2013 to 2014.

Question: What show was produced by a talk-show host whose show ran from 1989 to 1994?
Answer: The Party Machine with Nia Peeples
Moose Jaw (N.W.T. electoral district)
Moose Jaw was a territorial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories, Canada.
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories (abbr. NT or NWT) is a federal territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately 1144000 km2 and a 2016 census population of 41,786, it is the second-largest and the most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada. Its estimated population as of 2020 is 44,982. Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission.

Question: What is the territorial capital associated with Moose Jaw?
Answer: Yellowknife
Sofia Carson
Sofía Daccarett Char (born April 10, 1993), known professionally as Sofia Carson, is an American actress and singer. Her first appearance on television was as a guest star on the Disney Channel series "Austin & Ally". In 2015, she appeared as Evie, the daughter of the Evil Queen, in the Disney Channel Original Movie "Descendants", and later reprised her role in "Descendants 2" and "Descendants 3". In 2016, she appeared as Lola Perez in "Adventures in Babysitting", Melanie Sanchez in "", and Tessa in "". In 2019, Carson starred in the Freeform drama series "". In June 2020, she starred in the Netflix film "Feel the Beat".
Austin & Ally
In November 2012, Disney Channel announced that the series would crossover with "Jessie" as an hour-long special episode titled "Austin & Jessie & Ally All Star New Year". The special aired on December 7, 2012, in which Austin finally gets to perform in Times Square on New Year's Eve like he has always dreamed of, with help from Jessie and the Ross children. Later, Jessie and the children travel to Miami with the group. Jessie inadvertently steals lyrics that were written by Zuri and tries to get Austin to sing them with her. Meanwhile, Ravi is jealous to see that the family's pet lizard, Mrs. Kipling, may have a crush on Dez, though it turns out that Mrs. Kipling does not like Dez at all.
Austin & Ally
The series was created by Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert, the writers and producers of the Nickelodeon comedy series "All That" and the Disney Channel sitcoms "Sonny with a Chance" and "Jonas". Production for the pilot episode began in mid-February 2011, and on May 24, 2011, Disney Channel announced that "Austin & Ally" had been picked up as a series. They initially ordered 13 episodes, though that number was later increased to 21; however, only 19 aired. The first promo for the series was released in October 2011, during Disney Channel's "Make Your Mark: The Ultimate Dance-Off" event. The series officially premiered on December 2, 2011. The series was renewed for a second season and resumed production in summer 2012. The second season premiered on October 7, 2012. The series was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel on April 2, 2013. The third season premiered on October 27, 2013, and production ended on January 24, 2014. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 25, 2014, which premiered on January 18, 2015. On February 6, 2015, Laura Marano stated that the fourth season would be the final season. The final episode aired on January 10, 2016.

Question: Sofia Carson's first television appearance was on the Disney sitcom that premiered on what date?
Answer: December 2, 2011
Heresy
The term "heresy" is used not only with regard to religion but also in the context of political theory. The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a "Wall Street heresy" a "Democratic heresy" or a "Republican heresy," are metaphors that invariably retain a subtext that links orthodoxies in geology or biology or any other field to religion. These expanded metaphoric senses allude to both the difference between the person's views and the mainstream and the boldness of such a person in propounding these views.

Question: By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?
Answer: an established orthodoxy
Hannah Arendt
Johanna "Hannah" Cohn Arendt ( , , ] ; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975), also known as Hannah Arendt Bluecher, was a German-American philosopher and political theorist. Her many books and articles on topics ranging from totalitarianism to epistemology have had a lasting influence on political theory. Arendt is widely considered one of the most important political philosophers of the 20th century.
Guillermo Cabrera Infante
Guillermo Cabrera Infante (] ; Gibara, 22 April 1929 – 21 February 2005) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, translator, screenwriter, and critic; in the 1950s he used the pseudonym G. Caín, and used Guillermo Cain for the screenplay of the cult classic film "Vanishing Point" (1971).
Guillermo Cabrera Infante
A one-time supporter of the politics of Fidel Castro, Cabrera Infante went into exile to London in 1965. He is best known for the novel "Tres Tristes Tigres" (literally: "three sad tigers", published in English as "Three Trapped Tigers"), which has been compared favorably to James Joyce's "Ulysses".

Question: One of the two writers, Hannah Arendt and Guillermo Cabrera Infante, changed to which nationality in his lifetime?
Answer: American
IPod
Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.

Question: Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?
Answer: one