In spectroscopy, thermal motion of particles causes line broadening via this effect.
In spectroscopy, thermal motion of particles causes line broadening via this effect. Within an optical trap, this effect can be used to cool atoms; that setup is used to create Bose-Einstein condensates. At relativistic speeds, this effect's namesake factor is the Lorenz gamma times the quantity one minus v divided by the speed of light. Special relativity predicts a transverse version of it. At lower speeds, the wave (*) velocity is added or subtracted from the receiver or source speed in the numerator and denominator, respectively, of the factor multiplying the frequency. For 10 points, identify this effect in which the relative motion of the emitter and observer causes a shift in the observed frequency of a wave.
In spectroscopy, thermal motion of particles causes line broadening via this effect.
Doppler effect