This practice creates a roundelle, which may have been used as a charm or talisman.
This practice creates a roundelle, which may have been used as a charm or talisman. This practice was performed after death in southern Siberia by the Tuvan people, and the use of this practice as a funerary rite may have spread with the Altaic and Turkish languages. The smaller "symbolic" variety of this practice was common in eastern Europe during the migrations period and was banned by  King Stephen I of Hungary, suggesting that it was linked to pagan magic. This practice is strongly attested from Southern France during the neolithic, where a high survival rate is suggested by new bone growth, and it may have been performed to release evil spirits or relieve pressure. For 10 points name this oldest known surgery, consisting of drilling a hole in the human skull.
This practice creates a roundelle, which may have been used as a charm or talisman.
trepanation [accept: trepanning; trephination; trephining;  prompt on a description]