pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
IPT-V2: Efficient Image Processing Transformer using Hierarchical Attentions
Authors: Zhijun Tu, Kunpeng Du, Hanting Chen, Hailing Wang, Wei Li, Jie Hu, Yunhe Wang
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Deblurring, Denoising, Image Generation, Image Restoration, Rain Removal

Recent advances have demonstrated the powerful capability of transformer architecture in image restoration. However, our analysis indicates that existing transformerbased methods can not establish both exact global and local dependencies simultaneously, which are much critical to restore the details and missing content of degraded images. To this end, we present an efficient image processing transformer architecture with hierarchical attentions, called IPTV2, adopting a focal context self-attention (FCSA) and a global grid self-attention (GGSA) to obtain adequate token interactions in local and global receptive fields. Specifically, FCSA applies the shifted window mechanism into the channel self-attention, helps capture the local context and mutual interaction across channels. And GGSA constructs long-range dependencies in the cross-window grid, aggregates global information in spatial dimension. Moreover, we introduce structural re-parameterization technique to feed-forward network to further improve the model capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed IPT-V2 achieves state-of-the-art results on various image processing tasks, covering denoising, deblurring, deraining and obtains much better trade-off for performance and computational complexity than previous methods. Besides, we extend our method to image generation as latent diffusion backbone, and significantly outperforms DiTs.
Domain Generalizable Person Search Using Unreal Dataset
Authors: Minyoung Oh, Duhyun Kim, Jae-Young Sim
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Domain Generalization, Person Search, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Collecting and labeling real datasets to train the person search networks not only requires a lot of time and effort, but also accompanies privacy issues. The weakly-supervised and unsupervised domain adaptation methods have been proposed to alleviate the labeling burden for target datasets, however, their generalization capability is limited. We introduce a novel person search method based on the domain generalization framework, that uses an automatically labeled unreal dataset only for training but is applicable to arbitrary unseen real datasets. To alleviate the domain gaps when transferring the knowledge from the unreal source dataset to the real target datasets, we estimate the fidelity of person instances which is then used to train the end-to-end network adaptively. Moreover, we devise a domain-invariant feature learning scheme to encourage the network to suppress the domain-related features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides the competitive performance to existing person search methods even though it is applicable to arbitrary unseen datasets without any prior knowledge and re-training burdens.
A Multi-Branched Radial Basis Network Approach to Predicting Complex Chaotic Behaviours
Authors: Aarush Sinha
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Time Series

In this study, we propose a multi branched network approach to predict the dynamics of a physics attractor characterized by intricate and chaotic behavior. We introduce a unique neural network architecture comprised of Radial Basis Function (RBF) layers combined with an attention mechanism designed to effectively capture nonlinear inter-dependencies inherent in the attractor's temporal evolution. Our results demonstrate successful prediction of the attractor's trajectory across 100 predictions made using a real-world dataset of 36,700 time-series observations encompassing approximately 28 minutes of activity. To further illustrate the performance of our proposed technique, we provide comprehensive visualizations depicting the attractor's original and predicted behaviors alongside quantitative measures comparing observed versus estimated outcomes. Overall, this work showcases the potential of advanced machine learning algorithms in elucidating hidden structures in complex physical systems while offering practical applications in various domains requiring accurate short-term forecasting capabilities.
Object-level Copy-Move Forgery Image Detection based on Inconsistency Mining
Authors: Jingyu Wang, Niantai Jing, Ziyao Liu, Jie Nie, Yuxin Qi, Chi-Hung Chi, Kwok-Yan Lam
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Forgery Image Detection, Object

In copy-move tampering operations, perpetrators often employ techniques, such as blurring, to conceal tampering traces, posing significant challenges to the detection of object-level targets with intact structures. Focus on these challenges, this paper proposes an Object-level Copy-Move Forgery Image Detection based on Inconsistency Mining (IMNet). To obtain complete object-level targets, we customize prototypes for both the source and tampered regions and dynamically update them. Additionally, we extract inconsistent regions between coarse similar regions obtained through self-correlation calculations and regions composed of prototypes. The detected inconsistent regions are used as supplements to coarse similar regions to refine pixel-level detection. We operate experiments on three public datasets which validate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed IMNet.
Weak Distribution Detectors Lead to Stronger Generalizability of Vision-Language Prompt Tuning
Authors: Kun Ding, Haojian Zhang, Qiang Yu, Ying Wang, Shiming Xiang, Chunhong Pan
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Out of Distribution (OOD) Detection

We propose a generalized method for boosting the generalization ability of pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) while fine-tuning on downstream few-shot tasks. The idea is realized by exploiting out-of-distribution (OOD) detection to predict whether a sample belongs to a base distribution or a novel distribution and then using the score generated by a dedicated competition based scoring function to fuse the zero-shot and few-shot classifier. The fused classifier is dynamic, which will bias towards the zero-shot classifier if a sample is more likely from the distribution pre-trained on, leading to improved base-to-novel generalization ability. Our method is performed only in test stage, which is applicable to boost existing methods without time-consuming re-training. Extensive experiments show that even weak distribution detectors can still improve VLMs' generalization ability. Specifically, with the help of OOD detectors, the harmonic mean of CoOp and ProGrad increase by 2.6 and 1.5 percentage points over 11 recognition datasets in the base-to-novel setting.
Parameter and Data-Efficient Spectral StyleDCGAN
Authors: Aryan Garg
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Generation

We present a simple, highly parameter, and data-efficient adversarial network for unconditional face generation. Our method: Spectral Style-DCGAN or SSD utilizes only 6.574 million parameters and 4739 dog faces from the Animal Faces HQ (AFHQ) dataset as training samples while preserving fidelity at low resolutions up to 64x64. Code available at https://github.com/Aryan-Garg/StyleDCGAN.
M3D: Advancing 3D Medical Image Analysis with Multi-Modal Large Language Models
Authors: Fan Bai, Yuxin Du, Tiejun Huang, Max Q. -H. Meng, Bo Zhao
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Image-text Retrieval, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Medical Image Analysis, Question Answering, Retrieval, Text Retrieval, Visual Question Answering

Medical image analysis is essential to clinical diagnosis and treatment, which is increasingly supported by multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). However, previous research has primarily focused on 2D medical images, leaving 3D images under-explored, despite their richer spatial information. This paper aims to advance 3D medical image analysis with MLLMs. To this end, we present a large-scale 3D multi-modal medical dataset, M3D-Data, comprising 120K image-text pairs and 662K instruction-response pairs specifically tailored for various 3D medical tasks, such as image-text retrieval, report generation, visual question answering, positioning, and segmentation. Additionally, we propose M3D-LaMed, a versatile multi-modal large language model for 3D medical image analysis. Furthermore, we introduce a new 3D multi-modal medical benchmark, M3D-Bench, which facilitates automatic evaluation across eight tasks. Through comprehensive evaluation, our method proves to be a robust model for 3D medical image analysis, outperforming existing solutions. All code, data, and models are publicly available at: https://github.com/BAAI-DCAI/M3D.
Exploiting Inter-sample and Inter-feature Relations in Dataset Distillation
Authors: Wenxiao Deng, Wenbin Li, Tianyu Ding, Lei Wang, Hongguang Zhang, Kuihua Huang, Jing Huo, Yang Gao
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Dataset Distillation

Dataset distillation has emerged as a promising approach in deep learning, enabling efficient training with small synthetic datasets derived from larger real ones. Particularly, distribution matching-based distillation methods attract attention thanks to its effectiveness and low computational cost. However, these methods face two primary limitations: the dispersed feature distribution within the same class in synthetic datasets, reducing class discrimination, and an exclusive focus on mean feature consistency, lacking precision and comprehensiveness. To address these challenges, we introduce two novel constraints: a class centralization constraint and a covariance matching constraint. The class centralization constraint aims to enhance class discrimination by more closely clustering samples within classes. The covariance matching constraint seeks to achieve more accurate feature distribution matching between real and synthetic datasets through local feature covariance matrices, particularly beneficial when sample sizes are much smaller than the number of features. Experiments demonstrate notable improvements with these constraints, yielding performance boosts of up to 6.6% on CIFAR10, 2.9% on SVHN, 2.5% on CIFAR100, and 2.5% on TinyImageNet, compared to the state-of-the-art relevant methods. In addition, our method maintains robust performance in cross-architecture settings, with a maximum performance drop of 1.7% on four architectures. Code is available at https://github.com/VincenDen/IID.
GAN with Skip Patch Discriminator for Biological Electron Microscopy Image Generation
Authors: Nishith Ranjon Roy, Nailah Rawnaq, Tulin Kaman
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Generative Adversarial Network, Image Generation, Image-to-Image Translation, Translation

Generating realistic electron microscopy (EM) images has been a challenging problem due to their complex global and local structures. Isola et al. proposed pix2pix, a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), for the general purpose of image-to-image translation; which fails to generate realistic EM images. We propose a new architecture for the discriminator in the GAN providing access to multiple patch sizes using skip patches and generating realistic EM images.
Comparison of Methods in Skin Pigment Decomposition
Authors: Hao Gong, Michel Desvignes
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Dimensionality Reduction

Decomposition of skin pigment plays an important role in medical fields. Human skin can be decomposed into two primitive components, hemoglobin and melanin. It is our goal to apply these results for diagnosis of skin cancer. In this paper, various methods for skin pigment decomposition are reviewed comparatively and the performance of each method is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, isometric feature mapping (Isomap) is introduced in order to improve the dimensionality reduction performance in context of skin pigment decomposition.
Pneumonia App: a mobile application for efficient pediatric pneumonia diagnosis using explainable convolutional neural networks (CNN)
Authors: Jiaming Deng, Zhenglin Chen, Minjiang Chen, Lulu Xu, Jiaqi Yang, Zhendong Luo, Peiwu Qin
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) poses significant diagnostic challenges in pediatric healthcare, especially in regions like China where it's prevalent. We introduce PneumoniaAPP, a mobile application leveraging deep learning techniques for rapid MPP detection. Our approach capitalizes on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on a comprehensive dataset comprising 3345 chest X-ray (CXR) images, which includes 833 CXR images revealing MPP and additionally augmented with samples from a public dataset. The CNN model achieved an accuracy of 88.20% and an AUROC of 0.9218 across all classes, with a specific accuracy of 97.64% for the mycoplasma class, as demonstrated on the testing dataset. Furthermore, we integrated explainability techniques into PneumoniaAPP to aid respiratory physicians in lung opacity localization. Our contribution extends beyond existing research by targeting pediatric MPP, emphasizing the age group of 0-12 years, and prioritizing deployment on mobile devices. This work signifies a significant advancement in pediatric pneumonia diagnosis, offering a reliable and accessible tool to alleviate diagnostic burdens in healthcare settings.
Modeling State Shifting via Local-Global Distillation for Event-Frame Gaze Tracking
Authors: Jiading Li, Zhiyu Zhu, Jinhui Hou, Junhui Hou, Jinjian Wu
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Gaze Estimation

This paper tackles the problem of passive gaze estimation using both event and frame data. Considering the inherently different physiological structures, it is intractable to accurately estimate gaze purely based on a given state. Thus, we reformulate gaze estimation as the quantification of the state shifting from the current state to several prior registered anchor states. Specifically, we propose a two-stage learning-based gaze estimation framework that divides the whole gaze estimation process into a coarse-to-fine approach involving anchor state selection and final gaze location. Moreover, to improve the generalization ability, instead of learning a large gaze estimation network directly, we align a group of local experts with a student network, where a novel denoising distillation algorithm is introduced to utilize denoising diffusion techniques to iteratively remove inherent noise in event data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which surpasses state-of-the-art methods by a large margin of 15$\%$. The code will be publicly available at https://github.com/jdjdli/Denoise_distill_EF_gazetracker.
On the Estimation of Image-matching Uncertainty in Visual Place Recognition
Authors: Mubariz Zaffar, Liangliang Nan, Julian F. P. Kooij
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Image Retrieval, Retrieval, Visual Place Recognition

In Visual Place Recognition (VPR) the pose of a query image is estimated by comparing the image to a map of reference images with known reference poses. As is typical for image retrieval problems, a feature extractor maps the query and reference images to a feature space, where a nearest neighbor search is then performed. However, till recently little attention has been given to quantifying the confidence that a retrieved reference image is a correct match. Highly certain but incorrect retrieval can lead to catastrophic failure of VPR-based localization pipelines. This work compares for the first time the main approaches for estimating the image-matching uncertainty, including the traditional retrieval-based uncertainty estimation, more recent data-driven aleatoric uncertainty estimation, and the compute-intensive geometric verification. We further formulate a simple baseline method, ``SUE'', which unlike the other methods considers the freely-available poses of the reference images in the map. Our experiments reveal that a simple L2-distance between the query and reference descriptors is already a better estimate of image-matching uncertainty than current data-driven approaches. SUE outperforms the other efficient uncertainty estimation methods, and its uncertainty estimates complement the computationally expensive geometric verification approach. Future works for uncertainty estimation in VPR should consider the baselines discussed in this work.
LLMs are Good Action Recognizers
Authors: Haoxuan Qu, Yujun Cai, Jun Liu
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Action Recognition, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Sentence, Skeleton Based Action Recognition

Skeleton-based action recognition has attracted lots of research attention. Recently, to build an accurate skeleton-based action recognizer, a variety of works have been proposed. Among them, some works use large model architectures as backbones of their recognizers to boost the skeleton data representation capability, while some other works pre-train their recognizers on external data to enrich the knowledge. In this work, we observe that large language models which have been extensively used in various natural language processing tasks generally hold both large model architectures and rich implicit knowledge. Motivated by this, we propose a novel LLM-AR framework, in which we investigate treating the Large Language Model as an Action Recognizer. In our framework, we propose a linguistic projection process to project each input action signal (i.e., each skeleton sequence) into its ``sentence format'' (i.e., an ``action sentence''). Moreover, we also incorporate our framework with several designs to further facilitate this linguistic projection process. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework.
TexVocab: Texture Vocabulary-conditioned Human Avatars
Authors: Yuxiao Liu, Zhe Li, Yebin Liu, Haoqian Wang
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Human Dynamics

To adequately utilize the available image evidence in multi-view video-based avatar modeling, we propose TexVocab, a novel avatar representation that constructs a texture vocabulary and associates body poses with texture maps for animation. Given multi-view RGB videos, our method initially back-projects all the available images in the training videos to the posed SMPL surface, producing texture maps in the SMPL UV domain. Then we construct pairs of human poses and texture maps to establish a texture vocabulary for encoding dynamic human appearances under various poses. Unlike the commonly used joint-wise manner, we further design a body-part-wise encoding strategy to learn the structural effects of the kinematic chain. Given a driving pose, we query the pose feature hierarchically by decomposing the pose vector into several body parts and interpolating the texture features for synthesizing fine-grained human dynamics. Overall, our method is able to create animatable human avatars with detailed and dynamic appearances from RGB videos, and the experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. The project page can be found at https://texvocab.github.io/.
Transformer based Pluralistic Image Completion with Reduced Information Loss
Authors: Qiankun Liu, Yuqi Jiang, Zhentao Tan, Dongdong Chen, Ying Fu, Qi Chu, Gang Hua, Nenghai Yu
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Image Inpainting, Quantization

Transformer based methods have achieved great success in image inpainting recently. However, we find that these solutions regard each pixel as a token, thus suffering from an information loss issue from two aspects: 1) They downsample the input image into much lower resolutions for efficiency consideration. 2) They quantize $256^3$ RGB values to a small number (such as 512) of quantized color values. The indices of quantized pixels are used as tokens for the inputs and prediction targets of the transformer. To mitigate these issues, we propose a new transformer based framework called "PUT". Specifically, to avoid input downsampling while maintaining computation efficiency, we design a patch-based auto-encoder P-VQVAE. The encoder converts the masked image into non-overlapped patch tokens and the decoder recovers the masked regions from the inpainted tokens while keeping the unmasked regions unchanged. To eliminate the information loss caused by input quantization, an Un-quantized Transformer is applied. It directly takes features from the P-VQVAE encoder as input without any quantization and only regards the quantized tokens as prediction targets. Furthermore, to make the inpainting process more controllable, we introduce semantic and structural conditions as extra guidance. Extensive experiments show that our method greatly outperforms existing transformer based methods on image fidelity and achieves much higher diversity and better fidelity than state-of-the-art pluralistic inpainting methods on complex large-scale datasets (e.g., ImageNet). Codes are available at https://github.com/liuqk3/PUT.
Denoising Low-dose Images Using Deep Learning of Time Series Images
Authors: Yang Shao, Toshie Yaguchi, Toshiaki Tanigaki
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Denoising, Time Series

Digital image devices have been widely applied in many fields, including scientific imaging, recognition of individuals, and remote sensing. As the application of these imaging technologies to autonomous driving and measurement, image noise generated when observation cannot be performed with a sufficient dose has become a major problem. Machine learning denoise technology is expected to be the solver of this problem, but there are the following problems. Here we report, artifacts generated by machine learning denoise in ultra-low dose observation using an in-situ observation video of an electron microscope as an example. And as a method to solve this problem, we propose a method to decompose a time series image into a 2D image of the spatial axis and time to perform machine learning denoise. Our method opens new avenues accurate and stable reconstruction of continuous high-resolution images from low-dose imaging in science, industry, and life.
DailyMAE: Towards Pretraining Masked Autoencoders in One Day
Authors: Jiantao Wu, Shentong Mo, Sara Atito, ZhenHua Feng, Josef Kittler, Muhammad Awais
Date: 2024-03-31 00:00:00
Tasks: Self-Supervised Learning

Recently, masked image modeling (MIM), an important self-supervised learning (SSL) method, has drawn attention for its effectiveness in learning data representation from unlabeled data. Numerous studies underscore the advantages of MIM, highlighting how models pretrained on extensive datasets can enhance the performance of downstream tasks. However, the high computational demands of pretraining pose significant challenges, particularly within academic environments, thereby impeding the SSL research progress. In this study, we propose efficient training recipes for MIM based SSL that focuses on mitigating data loading bottlenecks and employing progressive training techniques and other tricks to closely maintain pretraining performance. Our library enables the training of a MAE-Base/16 model on the ImageNet 1K dataset for 800 epochs within just 18 hours, using a single machine equipped with 8 A100 GPUs. By achieving speed gains of up to 5.8 times, this work not only demonstrates the feasibility of conducting high-efficiency SSL training but also paves the way for broader accessibility and promotes advancement in SSL research particularly for prototyping and initial testing of SSL ideas. The code is available in https://github.com/erow/FastSSL.