pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Paraphrase Type Generation: The Impact of DPO and RLHF Evaluated with Human-Ranked Data
Authors: Christopher Lee Lübbers
Date: 2025-05-28 00:00:00
Tasks: Machine Translation, Paraphrase Generation, Paraphrase Identification, Question Answering, Text Generation, Text Simplification

Paraphrasing re-expresses meaning to enhance applications like text simplification, machine translation, and question-answering. Specific paraphrase types facilitate accurate semantic analysis and robust language models. However, existing paraphrase-type generation methods often misalign with human preferences due to reliance on automated metrics and limited human-annotated training data, obscuring crucial aspects of semantic fidelity and linguistic transformations. This study addresses this gap by leveraging a human-ranked paraphrase-type dataset and integrating Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to align model outputs directly with human judgments. DPO-based training increases paraphrase-type generation accuracy by 3 percentage points over a supervised baseline and raises human preference ratings by 7 percentage points. A newly created human-annotated dataset supports more rigorous future evaluations. Additionally, a paraphrase-type detection model achieves F1 scores of 0.91 for addition/deletion, 0.78 for same polarity substitution, and 0.70 for punctuation changes. These findings demonstrate that preference data and DPO training produce more reliable, semantically accurate paraphrases, enabling downstream applications such as improved summarization and more robust question-answering. The PTD model surpasses automated metrics and provides a more reliable framework for evaluating paraphrase quality, advancing paraphrase-type research toward richer, user-aligned language generation and establishing a stronger foundation for future evaluations grounded in human-centric criteria.
Dual-sensing driving detection model
Authors: Leon C. C. K, Zeng Hui
Date: 2025-05-23 00:00:00
Tasks: model

In this paper, a novel dual-sensing driver fatigue detection method combining computer vision and physiological signal analysis is proposed. The system exploits the complementary advantages of the two sensing modalities and breaks through the limitations of existing single-modality methods. We introduce an innovative architecture that combines real-time facial feature analysis with physiological signal processing, combined with advanced fusion strategies, for robust fatigue detection. The system is designed to run efficiently on existing hardware while maintaining high accuracy and reliability. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that our method outperforms traditional methods in both controlled environments and real-world conditions, while maintaining high accuracy. The practical applicability of the system has been verified through extensive tests in various driving scenarios and shows great potential in reducing fatigue-related accidents. This study contributes to the field by providing a more reliable, cost-effective, and humane solution for driver fatigue detection.
Probing the Geometry of Truth: Consistency and Generalization of Truth Directions in LLMs Across Logical Transformations and Question Answering Tasks
Authors: Yuntai Bao, Xuhong Zhang, Tianyu Du, Xinkui Zhao, Zhengwen Feng, Hao Peng, Jianwei Yin
Date: 2025-06-01 00:00:00
Tasks: In-Context Learning, Negation, Question Answering, World Knowledge

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on extensive datasets that encapsulate substantial world knowledge. However, their outputs often include confidently stated inaccuracies. Earlier works suggest that LLMs encode truthfulness as a distinct linear feature, termed the "truth direction", which can classify truthfulness reliably. We address several open questions about the truth direction: (i) whether LLMs universally exhibit consistent truth directions; (ii) whether sophisticated probing techniques are necessary to identify truth directions; and (iii) how the truth direction generalizes across diverse contexts. Our findings reveal that not all LLMs exhibit consistent truth directions, with stronger representations observed in more capable models, particularly in the context of logical negation. Additionally, we demonstrate that truthfulness probes trained on declarative atomic statements can generalize effectively to logical transformations, question-answering tasks, in-context learning, and external knowledge sources. Finally, we explore the practical application of truthfulness probes in selective question-answering, illustrating their potential to improve user trust in LLM outputs. These results advance our understanding of truth directions and provide new insights into the internal representations of LLM beliefs. Our code is public at https://github.com/colored-dye/truthfulness_probe_generalization
ATAP: Automatic Template-Augmented Commonsense Knowledge Graph Completion via Pre-Trained Language Models
Authors: Fu Zhang, Yifan Ding, Jingwei Cheng
Date: 2024-11-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: Conference 2024 11
Tasks: Knowledge Graph Completion

The mission of commonsense knowledge graph completion (CKGC) is to infer missing facts from known commonsense knowledge. CKGC methods can be roughly divided into two categories: triple-based methods and text-based methods. Due to the imbalanced distribution of entities and limited structural information, triple-based methods struggle with long-tail entities. Text-based methods alleviate this issue, but require extensive training and fine-tuning of language models, which reduces efficiency. To alleviate these problems, we propose ATAP, the first CKGC framework that utilizes automatically generated continuous prompt templates combined with pre-trained language models (PLMs). Moreover, ATAP uses a carefully designed new prompt template training strategy, guiding PLMs to generate optimal prompt templates for CKGC tasks. Combining the rich knowledge of PLMs with the template automatic augmentation strategy, ATAP effectively mitigates the long-tail problem and enhances CKGC performance. Results on benchmark datasets show that ATAP achieves state-of-the-art performance overall.
SViMo: Synchronized Diffusion for Video and Motion Generation in Hand-object Interaction Scenarios
Authors: Lingwei Dang, Ruizhi Shao, Hongwen Zhang, Wei Min, Yebin Liu, Qingyao Wu
Date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Motion Generation, Video Generation

Hand-Object Interaction (HOI) generation has significant application potential. However, current 3D HOI motion generation approaches heavily rely on predefined 3D object models and lab-captured motion data, limiting generalization capabilities. Meanwhile, HOI video generation methods prioritize pixel-level visual fidelity, often sacrificing physical plausibility. Recognizing that visual appearance and motion patterns share fundamental physical laws in the real world, we propose a novel framework that combines visual priors and dynamic constraints within a synchronized diffusion process to generate the HOI video and motion simultaneously. To integrate the heterogeneous semantics, appearance, and motion features, our method implements tri-modal adaptive modulation for feature aligning, coupled with 3D full-attention for modeling inter- and intra-modal dependencies. Furthermore, we introduce a vision-aware 3D interaction diffusion model that generates explicit 3D interaction sequences directly from the synchronized diffusion outputs, then feeds them back to establish a closed-loop feedback cycle. This architecture eliminates dependencies on predefined object models or explicit pose guidance while significantly enhancing video-motion consistency. Experimental results demonstrate our method's superiority over state-of-the-art approaches in generating high-fidelity, dynamically plausible HOI sequences, with notable generalization capabilities in unseen real-world scenarios. Project page at \href{https://github.com/Droliven}{https://github.com/Droliven}.
RRHF-V: Ranking Responses to Mitigate Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models with Human Feedback
Authors: Guoqing Chen, Fu Zhang, Jinghao Lin, Chenglong Lu, Jingwei Cheng
Date: 2025-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: Conference 2025 1
Tasks: Hallucination, Image Comprehension, Image Description

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in multimodal understanding, reasoning, and interaction but still face the fundamental limitation of hallucinations, where they generate erroneous or fabricated information. To mitigate hallucinations, existing methods annotate pair-responses (one non-hallucination vs one hallucination) using manual methods or GPT-4V, and train alignment algorithms to improve the correspondence between images and text. More critically, an image description often involve multiple dimensions (e.g., object attributes, posture, and spatial relationships), making it challenging for the model to comprehensively learn multidimensional information from pair-responses. To this end, in this paper, we propose RRHFV, which is the first using rank-responses (one non-hallucination vs multiple ranking hallucinations) to mitigate multimodal hallucinations. Instead of using pair-responses to train the model, RRHF-V expands the number of hallucinatory responses, so that the responses with different scores in a rank-response enable the model to learn rich semantic information across various dimensions of the image. Further, we propose a scene graph-based approach to automatically construct rank-responses in a cost-effective and automatic manner. We also design a novel training objective based on rank loss and margin loss to balance the differences between hallucinatory responses within a rankresponse, thereby improving the model’s image comprehension. Experiments on two MLLMs of different sizes and four widely used benchmarks demonstrate that RRHF-V is effective in mitigating hallucinations and outperforms the DPO method based on pair-responses.
Rethinking the Role of LLMs for Document-level Relation Extraction: a Refiner with Task Distribution and Probability Fusion
Authors: Fu Zhang, Xinlong Jin, Jingwei Cheng, Hongsen Yu, Huangming Xu
Date: 2025-04-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: Conference 2025 4
Tasks: Document-level Relation Extraction, Relation, Relation Extraction, Relation Prediction

Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) provides a broad context for extracting one or more relations for each entity pair. Large language models (LLMs) have made great progress in relation extraction tasks. However, one of the main challenges we face is that LLMs have difficulty in multi-label relation prediction tasks. Additionally, another noteworthy challenge and discovery we reveal: the small language models (SLMs) for DocRE tend to classify existing relations as ”no relation” (NA), while LLMs tend to predict existing relations for all entity pairs. To address these challenges, we propose a novel method that utilizes LLMs as a refiner, employing task distribution and probability fusion. The task distribution we carefully designed aims to distinguish hard and easy tasks, and feed hard tasks to our LLMs-based framework to reevaluate and refine. Further, in order to effectively solve the multi-label relation prediction problem in the refinement process, we propose a probability fusion method, ensuring and enhancing fusion predictions by maintaining a balance between SLMs and LLMs. Extensive experiments on widely-used datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing LLMbased methods without fine-tuning by an average of 25.2% F1. Refining SLMs using our method consistently boosts the performance of the SLMs, achieving new state-of-the-art results compared to existing SLMs and LLMs. Our code: https://github.com/Drasick/Drell.
Arabic Metaphor Sentiment Classification Using Semantic Information
Authors: Israa Alsiyat
Date: 2025-04-28 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification, Sentiment Analysis, Sentiment Classification

In this paper, I discuss the testing of the Arabic Metaphor Corpus (AMC) [1] using newly designed automatic tools for sentiment classification for AMC based on semantic tags. The tool incorporates semantic emotional tags for sentiment classification. I evaluate the tool using standard methods, which are F-score, recall, and precision. The method is to show the impact of Arabic online metaphors on sentiment through the newly designed tools. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to conduct sentiment classification for Arabic metaphors using semantic tags to find the impact of the metaphor.
Beyond Text Compression: Evaluating Tokenizers Across Scales
Authors: Jonas F. Lotz, António V. Lopes, Stephan Peitz, Hendra Setiawan, Leonardo Emili
Date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Text Compression

The choice of tokenizer can profoundly impact language model performance, yet accessible and reliable evaluations of tokenizer quality remain an open challenge. Inspired by scaling consistency, we show that smaller models can accurately predict significant differences in tokenizer impact on larger models at a fraction of the compute cost. By systematically evaluating both English-centric and multilingual tokenizers, we find that tokenizer choice has negligible effects on tasks in English but results in consistent performance differences in multilingual settings. We propose new intrinsic tokenizer metrics inspired by Zipf's law that correlate more strongly with downstream performance than text compression when modeling unseen languages. By combining several metrics to capture multiple aspects of tokenizer behavior, we develop a reliable framework for intrinsic tokenizer evaluations. Our work offers a more efficient path to informed tokenizer selection in future language model development.
M^3-VOS: Multi-Phase, Multi-Transition, and Multi-Scenery Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Zixuan Chen, Jiaxin Li, Liming Tan, Yejie Guo, Junxuan Liang, Cewu Lu, Yong-Lu Li
Date: 2025-06-15 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Object, Semantic Segmentation, Video Object Segmentation, Video Semantic Segmentation, Video Understanding, When should a hot water tank be replaced?

Intelligent robots need to interact with diverse objects across various environments. The appearance and state of objects frequently undergo complex transformations depending on the object properties, e.g., phase transitions. However, in the vision community, segmenting dynamic objects with phase transitions is overlooked. In light of this, we introduce the concept of phase in segmentation, which categorizes real-world objects based on their visual characteristics and potential morphological and appearance changes. Then, we present a new benchmark, Multi-Phase, Multi-Transition, and Multi-Scenery Video Object Segmentation (M3-VOS), to verify the ability of models to understand object phases, which consists of 479 high-resolution videos spanning over 10 distinct everyday scenarios. It provides dense instance mask annotations that capture both object phases and their transitions. We evaluate state-of-the-art methods on M3-VOS, yielding several key insights. Notably, current appearance-based approaches show significant room for improvement when handling objects with phase transitions. The inherent changes in disorder suggest that the predictive performance of the forward entropy-increasing process can be improved through a reverse entropy-reducing process. These findings lead us to propose ReVOS, a new plug-and-play model that improves its performance by reversal refinement. Our data and code will be publicly available at https://zixuan-chen.github.io/M-cube-VOS.github.io/.
MultiHoax: A Dataset of Multi-hop False-Premise Questions
Authors: Mohammadamin Shafiei, Hamidreza Saffari, Nafise Sadat Moosavi
Date: 2025-05-30 00:00:00

As Large Language Models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, their ability to detect false assumptions and reason critically is crucial for ensuring reliable outputs. False-premise questions (FPQs) serve as an important evaluation method by exposing cases where flawed assumptions lead to incorrect responses. While existing benchmarks focus on single-hop FPQs, real-world reasoning often requires multi-hop inference, where models must verify consistency across multiple reasoning steps rather than relying on surface-level cues. To address this gap, we introduce MultiHoax, a benchmark for evaluating LLMs' ability to handle false premises in complex, multi-step reasoning tasks. Our dataset spans seven countries and ten diverse knowledge categories, using Wikipedia as the primary knowledge source to enable factual reasoning across regions. Experiments reveal that state-of-the-art LLMs struggle to detect false premises across different countries, knowledge categories, and multi-hop reasoning types, highlighting the need for improved false premise detection and more robust multi-hop reasoning capabilities in LLMs.
SurgVLM: A Large Vision-Language Model and Systematic Evaluation Benchmark for Surgical Intelligence
Authors: Zhitao Zeng, Zhu Zhuo, Xiaojun Jia, Erli Zhang, Junde Wu, Jiaan Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, Chang Han Low, Jian Jiang, Zilong Zheng, Xiaochun Cao, Yutong Ban, Qi Dou, Yang Liu, Yueming Jin
Date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling

Foundation models have achieved transformative success across biomedical domains by enabling holistic understanding of multimodal data. However, their application in surgery remains underexplored. Surgical intelligence presents unique challenges - requiring surgical visual perception, temporal analysis, and reasoning. Existing general-purpose vision-language models fail to address these needs due to insufficient domain-specific supervision and the lack of a large-scale high-quality surgical database. To bridge this gap, we propose SurgVLM, one of the first large vision-language foundation models for surgical intelligence, where this single universal model can tackle versatile surgical tasks. To enable this, we construct a large-scale multimodal surgical database, SurgVLM-DB, comprising over 1.81 million frames with 7.79 million conversations, spanning more than 16 surgical types and 18 anatomical structures. We unify and reorganize 23 public datasets across 10 surgical tasks, followed by standardizing labels and doing hierarchical vision-language alignment to facilitate comprehensive coverage of gradually finer-grained surgical tasks, from visual perception, temporal analysis, to high-level reasoning. Building upon this comprehensive dataset, we propose SurgVLM, which is built upon Qwen2.5-VL, and undergoes instruction tuning to 10+ surgical tasks. We further construct a surgical multimodal benchmark, SurgVLM-Bench, for method evaluation. SurgVLM-Bench consists of 6 popular and widely-used datasets in surgical domain, covering several crucial downstream tasks. Based on SurgVLM-Bench, we evaluate the performance of our SurgVLM (3 SurgVLM variants: SurgVLM-7B, SurgVLM-32B, and SurgVLM-72B), and conduct comprehensive comparisons with 14 mainstream commercial VLMs (e.g., GPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Flash, Qwen2.5-Max).
AgentCPM-GUI: Building Mobile-Use Agents with Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
Authors: Zhong Zhang, Yaxi Lu, Yikun Fu, Yupeng Huo, Shenzhi Yang, Yesai Wu, Han Si, Xin Cong, Haotian Chen, Yankai Lin, Jie Xie, Wei Zhou, Wang Xu, Yuanheng Zhang, Zhou Su, Zhongwu Zhai, Xiaoming Liu, Yudong Mei, JianMing Xu, Hongyan Tian, Chongyi Wang, Chi Chen, Yuan YAO, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
Date: 2025-06-02 00:00:00
Tasks: AI Agent, Diversity, GUI Element Detection, Large Language Model

The recent progress of large language model agents has opened new possibilities for automating tasks through graphical user interfaces (GUIs), especially in mobile environments where intelligent interaction can greatly enhance usability. However, practical deployment of such agents remains constrained by several key challenges. Existing training data is often noisy and lack semantic diversity, which hinders the learning of precise grounding and planning. Models trained purely by imitation tend to overfit to seen interface patterns and fail to generalize in unfamiliar scenarios. Moreover, most prior work focuses on English interfaces while overlooks the growing diversity of non-English applications such as those in the Chinese mobile ecosystem. In this work, we present AgentCPM-GUI, an 8B-parameter GUI agent built for robust and efficient on-device GUI interaction. Our training pipeline includes grounding-aware pre-training to enhance perception, supervised fine-tuning on high-quality Chinese and English trajectories to imitate human-like actions, and reinforcement fine-tuning with GRPO to improve reasoning capability. We also introduce a compact action space that reduces output length and supports low-latency execution on mobile devices. AgentCPM-GUI achieves state-of-the-art performance on five public benchmarks and a new Chinese GUI benchmark called CAGUI, reaching $96.9\%$ Type-Match and $91.3\%$ Exact-Match. To facilitate reproducibility and further research, we publicly release all code, model checkpoint, and evaluation data.
Comparative Analysis of AI Agent Architectures for Entity Relationship Classification
Authors: Maryam Berijanian, Kuldeep Singh, Amin Sehati
Date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00
Tasks: AI Agent, Relation, Relation Classification, Relation Extraction

Entity relationship classification remains a challenging task in information extraction, especially in scenarios with limited labeled data and complex relational structures. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of three distinct AI agent architectures designed to perform relation classification using large language models (LLMs). The agentic architectures explored include (1) reflective self-evaluation, (2) hierarchical task decomposition, and (3) a novel multi-agent dynamic example generation mechanism, each leveraging different modes of reasoning and prompt adaptation. In particular, our dynamic example generation approach introduces real-time cooperative and adversarial prompting. We systematically compare their performance across multiple domains and model backends. Our experiments demonstrate that multi-agent coordination consistently outperforms standard few-shot prompting and approaches the performance of fine-tuned models. These findings offer practical guidance for the design of modular, generalizable LLM-based systems for structured relation extraction. The source codes and dataset are available at \href{https://github.com/maryambrj/ALIEN.git}{https://github.com/maryambrj/ALIEN.git}.