pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Accessing the Effect of Phyllotaxy and Planting Density on Light Use Efficiency in Field-Grown Maize using 3D Reconstructions
Authors: Nasla Saleem, Talukder Zaki Jubery, Aditya Balu, Yan Zhou, Yawei Li, Patrick S. Schnable, Adarsh Krishnamurthy, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00

High-density planting is a widely adopted strategy to enhance maize productivity, yet it introduces challenges such as increased interplant competition and shading, which can limit light capture and overall yield potential. In response, some maize plants naturally reorient their canopies to optimize light capture, a process known as canopy reorientation. Understanding this adaptive response and its impact on light capture is crucial for maximizing agricultural yield potential. This study introduces an end-to-end framework that integrates realistic 3D reconstructions of field-grown maize with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) modeling to assess the effects of phyllotaxy and planting density on light interception. In particular, using 3D point clouds derived from field data, virtual fields for a diverse set of maize genotypes were constructed and validated against field PAR measurements. Using this framework, we present detailed analyses of the impact of canopy orientations, plant and row spacings, and planting row directions on PAR interception throughout a typical growing season. Our findings highlight significant variations in light interception efficiency across different planting densities and canopy orientations. By elucidating the relationship between canopy architecture and light capture, this study offers valuable guidance for optimizing maize breeding and cultivation strategies across diverse agricultural settings.
Multi-granular body modeling with Redundancy-Free Spatiotemporal Fusion for Text-Driven Motion Generation
Authors: Xingzu Zhan, Chen Xie, Honghang Chen, Haoran Sun, Xiaochun Mai
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Mamba, Motion Generation

Text-to-motion generation sits at the intersection of multimodal learning and computer graphics and is gaining momentum because it can simplify content creation for games, animation, robotics and virtual reality. Most current methods stack spatial and temporal features in a straightforward way, which adds redundancy and still misses subtle joint-level cues. We introduce HiSTF Mamba, a framework with three parts: Dual-Spatial Mamba, Bi-Temporal Mamba and a Dynamic Spatiotemporal Fusion Module (DSFM). The Dual-Spatial module runs part-based and whole-body models in parallel, capturing both overall coordination and fine-grained joint motion. The Bi-Temporal module scans sequences forward and backward to encode short-term details and long-term dependencies. DSFM removes redundant temporal information, extracts complementary cues and fuses them with spatial features to build a richer spatiotemporal representation. Experiments on the HumanML3D benchmark show that HiSTF Mamba performs well across several metrics, achieving high fidelity and tight semantic alignment between text and motion.
Illuminating Darkness: Enhancing Real-world Low-light Scenes with Smartphone Images
Authors: S M A Sharif, Abdur Rehman, Zain Ul Abidin, Rizwan Ali Naqvi, Fayaz Ali Dharejo, Radu Timofte
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: 4k, Benchmarking, Denoising, Low-Light Image Enhancement

Digital cameras often struggle to produce plausible images in low-light conditions. Improving these single-shot images remains challenging due to a lack of diverse real-world pair data samples. To address this limitation, we propose a large-scale high-resolution (i.e., beyond 4k) pair Single-Shot Low-Light Enhancement (SLLIE) dataset. Our dataset comprises 6,425 unique focus-aligned image pairs captured with smartphone sensors in dynamic settings under challenging lighting conditions (0.1--200 lux), covering various indoor and outdoor scenes with varying noise and intensity. We extracted and refined around 180,000 non-overlapping patches from 6,025 collected scenes for training while reserving 400 pairs for benchmarking. In addition to that, we collected 2,117 low-light scenes from different sources for extensive real-world aesthetic evaluation. To our knowledge, this is the largest real-world dataset available for SLLIE research. We also propose learning luminance-chrominance (LC) attributes separately through a tuning fork-shaped transformer model to enhance real-world low-light images, addressing challenges like denoising and over-enhancement in complex scenes. We also propose an LC cross-attention block for feature fusion, an LC refinement block for enhanced reconstruction, and LC-guided supervision to ensure perceptually coherent enhancements. We demonstrated our method's effectiveness across various hardware and scenarios, proving its practicality in real-world applications. Code and dataset available at https://github.com/sharif-apu/LSD-TFFormer.
DirectTriGS: Triplane-based Gaussian Splatting Field Representation for 3D Generation
Authors: Xiaoliang Ju, Hongsheng Li
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: 3D Generation, Text to 3D

We present DirectTriGS, a novel framework designed for 3D object generation with Gaussian Splatting (GS). GS-based rendering for 3D content has gained considerable attention recently. However, there has been limited exploration in directly generating 3D Gaussians compared to traditional generative modeling approaches. The main challenge lies in the complex data structure of GS represented by discrete point clouds with multiple channels. To overcome this challenge, we propose employing the triplane representation, which allows us to represent Gaussian Splatting as an image-like continuous field. This representation effectively encodes both the geometry and texture information, enabling smooth transformation back to Gaussian point clouds and rendering into images by a TriRenderer, with only 2D supervisions. The proposed TriRenderer is fully differentiable, so that the rendering loss can supervise both texture and geometry encoding. Furthermore, the triplane representation can be compressed using a Variational Autoencoder (VAE), which can subsequently be utilized in latent diffusion to generate 3D objects. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed generation framework can produce high-quality 3D object geometry and rendering results in the text-to-3D task.
When Lighting Deceives: Exposing Vision-Language Models' Illumination Vulnerability Through Illumination Transformation Attack
Authors: Hanqing Liu, Shouwei Ruan, Yao Huang, Shiji Zhao, Xingxing Wei
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks, yet their robustness to real-world illumination variations remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose \textbf{I}llumination \textbf{T}ransformation \textbf{A}ttack (\textbf{ITA}), the first framework to systematically assess VLMs' robustness against illumination changes. However, there still exist two key challenges: (1) how to model global illumination with fine-grained control to achieve diverse lighting conditions and (2) how to ensure adversarial effectiveness while maintaining naturalness. To address the first challenge, we innovatively decompose global illumination into multiple parameterized point light sources based on the illumination rendering equation. This design enables us to model more diverse lighting variations that previous methods could not capture. Then, by integrating these parameterized lighting variations with physics-based lighting reconstruction techniques, we could precisely render such light interactions in the original scenes, finally meeting the goal of fine-grained lighting control. For the second challenge, by controlling illumination through the lighting reconstrution model's latent space rather than direct pixel manipulation, we inherently preserve physical lighting priors. Furthermore, to prevent potential reconstruction artifacts, we design additional perceptual constraints for maintaining visual consistency with original images and diversity constraints for avoiding light source convergence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our ITA could significantly reduce the performance of advanced VLMs, e.g., LLaVA-1.6, while possessing competitive naturalness, exposing VLMS' critical illuminiation vulnerabilities.
Post-Training Quantization for Diffusion Transformer via Hierarchical Timestep Grouping
Authors: Ning Ding, Jing Han, Yuchuan Tian, Chao Xu, Kai Han, Yehui Tang
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image Generation, Quantization

Diffusion Transformer (DiT) has now become the preferred choice for building image generation models due to its great generation capability. Unlike previous convolution-based UNet models, DiT is purely composed of a stack of transformer blocks, which renders DiT excellent in scalability like large language models. However, the growing model size and multi-step sampling paradigm bring about considerable pressure on deployment and inference. In this work, we propose a post-training quantization framework tailored for Diffusion Transforms to tackle these challenges. We firstly locate that the quantization difficulty of DiT mainly originates from the time-dependent channel-specific outliers. We propose a timestep-aware shift-and-scale strategy to smooth the activation distribution to reduce the quantization error. Secondly, based on the observation that activations of adjacent timesteps have similar distributions, we utilize a hierarchical clustering scheme to divide the denoising timesteps into multiple groups. We further design a re-parameterization scheme which absorbs the quantization parameters into nearby module to avoid redundant computations. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that out PTQ method successfully quantize the Diffusion Transformer into 8-bit weight and 8-bit activation (W8A8) with state-of-the-art FiD score. And our method can further quantize DiT model into 4-bit weight and 8-bit activation (W4A8) without sacrificing generation quality.
LLaFEA: Frame-Event Complementary Fusion for Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Understanding in LMMs
Authors: Hanyu Zhou, Gim Hee Lee
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Position, Scene Understanding

Large multimodal models (LMMs) excel in scene understanding but struggle with fine-grained spatiotemporal reasoning due to weak alignment between linguistic and visual representations. Existing methods map textual positions and durations into the visual space encoded from frame-based videos, but suffer from temporal sparsity that limits language-vision temporal coordination. To address this issue, we introduce LLaFEA (Large Language and Frame-Event Assistant) to leverage event cameras for temporally dense perception and frame-event fusion. Our approach employs a cross-attention mechanism to integrate complementary spatial and temporal features, followed by self-attention matching for global spatio-temporal associations. We further embed textual position and duration tokens into the fused visual space to enhance fine-grained alignment. This unified framework ensures robust spatio-temporal coordinate alignment, enabling LMMs to interpret scenes at any position and any time. In addition, we construct a dataset of real-world frames-events with coordinate instructions and conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling Human Skeleton Joint Dynamics for Fall Detection
Authors: Sania Zahan, Ghulam Mubashar Hassan, Ajmal Mian
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00

The increasing pace of population aging calls for better care and support systems. Falling is a frequent and critical problem for elderly people causing serious long-term health issues. Fall detection from video streams is not an attractive option for real-life applications due to privacy issues. Existing methods try to resolve this issue by using very low-resolution cameras or video encryption. However, privacy cannot be ensured completely with such approaches. Key points on the body, such as skeleton joints, can convey significant information about motion dynamics and successive posture changes which are crucial for fall detection. Skeleton joints have been explored for feature extraction but with image recognition models that ignore joint dependency across frames which is important for the classification of actions. Moreover, existing models are over-parameterized or evaluated on small datasets with very few activity classes. We propose an efficient graph convolution network model that exploits spatio-temporal joint dependencies and dynamics of human skeleton joints for accurate fall detection. Our method leverages dynamic representation with robust concurrent spatio-temporal characteristics of skeleton joints. We performed extensive experiments on three large-scale datasets. With a significantly smaller model size than most existing methods, our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on the large scale NTU datasets.
CineBrain: A Large-Scale Multi-Modal Brain Dataset During Naturalistic Audiovisual Narrative Processing
Authors: Jianxiong Gao, Yichang Liu, Baofeng Yang, Jianfeng Feng, Yanwei Fu
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, EEG, Video Reconstruction

In this paper, we introduce CineBrain, the first large-scale dataset featuring simultaneous EEG and fMRI recordings during dynamic audiovisual stimulation. Recognizing the complementary strengths of EEG's high temporal resolution and fMRI's deep-brain spatial coverage, CineBrain provides approximately six hours of narrative-driven content from the popular television series The Big Bang Theory for each of six participants. Building upon this unique dataset, we propose CineSync, an innovative multimodal decoding framework integrates a Multi-Modal Fusion Encoder with a diffusion-based Neural Latent Decoder. Our approach effectively fuses EEG and fMRI signals, significantly improving the reconstruction quality of complex audiovisual stimuli. To facilitate rigorous evaluation, we introduce Cine-Benchmark, a comprehensive evaluation protocol that assesses reconstructions across semantic and perceptual dimensions. Experimental results demonstrate that CineSync achieves state-of-the-art video reconstruction performance and highlight our initial success in combining fMRI and EEG for reconstructing both video and audio stimuli. Project Page: https://jianxgao.github.io/CineBrain.
Aligning Instance-Semantic Sparse Representation towards Unsupervised Object Segmentation and Shape Abstraction with Repeatable Primitives
Authors: Jiaxin Li, Hongxing Wang, Jiawei Tan, Zhilong Ou, Junsong Yuan
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Instance Segmentation, Object, Semantic Segmentation, Unsupervised Object Segmentation

Understanding 3D object shapes necessitates shape representation by object parts abstracted from results of instance and semantic segmentation. Promising shape representations enable computers to interpret a shape with meaningful parts and identify their repeatability. However, supervised shape representations depend on costly annotation efforts, while current unsupervised methods work under strong semantic priors and involve multi-stage training, thereby limiting their generalization and deployment in shape reasoning and understanding. Driven by the tendency of high-dimensional semantically similar features to lie in or near low-dimensional subspaces, we introduce a one-stage, fully unsupervised framework towards semantic-aware shape representation. This framework produces joint instance segmentation, semantic segmentation, and shape abstraction through sparse representation and feature alignment of object parts in a high-dimensional space. For sparse representation, we devise a sparse latent membership pursuit method that models each object part feature as a sparse convex combination of point features at either the semantic or instance level, promoting part features in the same subspace to exhibit similar semantics. For feature alignment, we customize an attention-based strategy in the feature space to align instance- and semantic-level object part features and reconstruct the input shape using both of them, ensuring geometric reusability and semantic consistency of object parts. To firm up semantic disambiguation, we construct cascade unfrozen learning on geometric parameters of object parts.
Approximate Size Targets Are Sufficient for Accurate Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Xingye Fan, Zhongwen, Zhang, Yuri Boykov
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

This paper demonstrates a surprising result for segmentation with image-level targets: extending binary class tags to approximate relative object-size distributions allows off-the-shelf architectures to solve the segmentation problem. A straightforward zero-avoiding KL-divergence loss for average predictions produces segmentation accuracy comparable to the standard pixel-precise supervision with full ground truth masks. In contrast, current results based on class tags typically require complex non-reproducible architectural modifications and specialized multi-stage training procedures. Our ideas are validated on PASCAL VOC using our new human annotations of approximate object sizes. We also show the results on COCO and medical data using synthetically corrupted size targets. All standard networks demonstrate robustness to the size targets' errors. For some classes, the validation accuracy is significantly better than the pixel-level supervision; the latter is not robust to errors in the masks. Our work provides new ideas and insights on image-level supervision in segmentation and may encourage other simple general solutions to the problem.
LatexBlend: Scaling Multi-concept Customized Generation with Latent Textual Blending
Authors: Jian Jin, Zhenbo Yu, Yang shen, ZhenYong Fu, Jian Yang
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Denoising, Image Generation, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

Customized text-to-image generation renders user-specified concepts into novel contexts based on textual prompts. Scaling the number of concepts in customized generation meets a broader demand for user creation, whereas existing methods face challenges with generation quality and computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose LaTexBlend, a novel framework for effectively and efficiently scaling multi-concept customized generation. The core idea of LaTexBlend is to represent single concepts and blend multiple concepts within a Latent Textual space, which is positioned after the text encoder and a linear projection. LaTexBlend customizes each concept individually, storing them in a concept bank with a compact representation of latent textual features that captures sufficient concept information to ensure high fidelity. At inference, concepts from the bank can be freely and seamlessly combined in the latent textual space, offering two key merits for multi-concept generation: 1) excellent scalability, and 2) significant reduction of denoising deviation, preserving coherent layouts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LaTexBlend can flexibly integrate multiple customized concepts with harmonious structures and high subject fidelity, substantially outperforming baselines in both generation quality and computational efficiency. Our code will be publicly available.
SeCap: Self-Calibrating and Adaptive Prompts for Cross-view Person Re-Identification in Aerial-Ground Networks
Authors: Shining Wang, Yunlong Wang, Ruiqi Wu, Bingliang Jiao, Wenxuan Wang, Peng Wang
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Person Re-Identification, Person Search

When discussing the Aerial-Ground Person Re-identification (AGPReID) task, we face the main challenge of the significant appearance variations caused by different viewpoints, making identity matching difficult. To address this issue, previous methods attempt to reduce the differences between viewpoints by critical attributes and decoupling the viewpoints. While these methods can mitigate viewpoint differences to some extent, they still face two main issues: (1) difficulty in handling viewpoint diversity and (2) neglect of the contribution of local features. To effectively address these challenges, we design and implement the Self-Calibrating and Adaptive Prompt (SeCap) method for the AGPReID task. The core of this framework relies on the Prompt Re-calibration Module (PRM), which adaptively re-calibrates prompts based on the input. Combined with the Local Feature Refinement Module (LFRM), SeCap can extract view-invariant features from local features for AGPReID. Meanwhile, given the current scarcity of datasets in the AGPReID field, we further contribute two real-world Large-scale Aerial-Ground Person Re-Identification datasets, LAGPeR and G2APS-ReID. The former is collected and annotated by us independently, covering $4,231$ unique identities and containing $63,841$ high-quality images; the latter is reconstructed from the person search dataset G2APS. Through extensive experiments on AGPReID datasets, we demonstrate that SeCap is a feasible and effective solution for the AGPReID task. The datasets and source code available on https://github.com/wangshining681/SeCap-AGPReID.
MIGA: Mutual Information-Guided Attack on Denoising Models for Semantic Manipulation
Authors: Guanghao Li, Mingzhi Chen, Hao Yu, Shuting Dong, Wenhao Jiang, Ming Tang, Chun Yuan
Date: 2025-03-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Semantic Similarity, Semantic Textual Similarity

Deep learning-based denoising models have been widely employed in vision tasks, functioning as filters to eliminate noise while retaining crucial semantic information. Additionally, they play a vital role in defending against adversarial perturbations that threaten downstream tasks. However, these models can be intrinsically susceptible to adversarial attacks due to their dependence on specific noise assumptions. Existing attacks on denoising models mainly aim at deteriorating visual clarity while neglecting semantic manipulation, rendering them either easily detectable or limited in effectiveness. In this paper, we propose Mutual Information-Guided Attack (MIGA), the first method designed to directly attack deep denoising models by strategically disrupting their ability to preserve semantic content via adversarial perturbations. By minimizing the mutual information between the original and denoised images, a measure of semantic similarity. MIGA forces the denoiser to produce perceptually clean yet semantically altered outputs. While these images appear visually plausible, they encode systematically distorted semantics, revealing a fundamental vulnerability in denoising models. These distortions persist in denoised outputs and can be quantitatively assessed through downstream task performance. We propose new evaluation metrics and systematically assess MIGA on four denoising models across five datasets, demonstrating its consistent effectiveness in disrupting semantic fidelity. Our findings suggest that denoising models are not always robust and can introduce security risks in real-world applications. Code is available in the Supplementary Material.