pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
V2X-Real: a Large-Scale Dataset for Vehicle-to-Everything Cooperative Perception
Authors: Hao Xiang, Zhaoliang Zheng, Xin Xia, Runsheng Xu, Letian Gao, Zewei Zhou, Xu Han, Xinkai Ji, Mingxi Li, Zonglin Meng, Li Jin, Mingyue Lei, Zhaoyang Ma, Zihang He, Haoxuan Ma, Yunshuang Yuan, Yingqian Zhao, Jiaqi Ma
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles

Recent advancements in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies have enabled autonomous vehicles to share sensing information to see through occlusions, greatly boosting the perception capability. However, there are no real-world datasets to facilitate the real V2X cooperative perception research -- existing datasets either only support Vehicle-to-Infrastructure cooperation or Vehicle-to-Vehicle cooperation. In this paper, we present V2X-Real, a large-scale dataset that includes a mixture of multiple vehicles and smart infrastructure to facilitate the V2X cooperative perception development with multi-modality sensing data. Our V2X-Real is collected using two connected automated vehicles and two smart infrastructure, which are all equipped with multi-modal sensors including LiDAR sensors and multi-view cameras. The whole dataset contains 33K LiDAR frames and 171K camera data with over 1.2M annotated bounding boxes of 10 categories in very challenging urban scenarios. According to the collaboration mode and ego perspective, we derive four types of datasets for Vehicle-Centric, Infrastructure-Centric, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, and Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure cooperative perception. Comprehensive multi-class multi-agent benchmarks of SOTA cooperative perception methods are provided. The V2X-Real dataset and codebase are available at https://mobility-lab.seas.ucla.edu/v2x-real.
Exploring the Impact of Dataset Bias on Dataset Distillation
Authors: Yao Lu, Jianyang Gu, Xuguang Chen, Saeed Vahidian, Qi Xuan
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Dataset Distillation

Dataset Distillation (DD) is a promising technique to synthesize a smaller dataset that preserves essential information from the original dataset. This synthetic dataset can serve as a substitute for the original large-scale one, and help alleviate the training workload. However, current DD methods typically operate under the assumption that the dataset is unbiased, overlooking potential bias issues within the dataset itself. To fill in this blank, we systematically investigate the influence of dataset bias on DD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exploration in the DD domain. Given that there are no suitable biased datasets for DD, we first construct two biased datasets, CMNIST-DD and CCIFAR10-DD, to establish a foundation for subsequent analysis. Then we utilize existing DD methods to generate synthetic datasets on CMNIST-DD and CCIFAR10-DD, and evaluate their performance following the standard process. Experiments demonstrate that biases present in the original dataset significantly impact the performance of the synthetic dataset in most cases, which highlights the necessity of identifying and mitigating biases in the original datasets during DD. Finally, we reformulate DD within the context of a biased dataset. Our code along with biased datasets are available at https://github.com/yaolu-zjut/Biased-DD.
A Unified Module for Accelerating STABLE-DIFFUSION: LCM-LORA
Authors: Ayush Thakur, Rashmi Vashisth
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, GPU

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the unified module for accelerating stable-diffusion processes, specifically focusing on the lcm-lora module. Stable-diffusion processes play a crucial role in various scientific and engineering domains, and their acceleration is of paramount importance for efficient computational performance. The standard iterative procedures for solving fixed-source discrete ordinates problems often exhibit slow convergence, particularly in optically thick scenarios. To address this challenge, unconditionally stable diffusion-acceleration methods have been developed, aiming to enhance the computational efficiency of transport equations and discrete ordinates problems. This study delves into the theoretical foundations and numerical results of unconditionally stable diffusion synthetic acceleration methods, providing insights into their stability and performance for model discrete ordinates problems. Furthermore, the paper explores recent advancements in diffusion model acceleration, including on device acceleration of large diffusion models via gpu aware optimizations, highlighting the potential for significantly improved inference latency. The results and analyses in this study provide important insights into stable diffusion processes and have important ramifications for the creation and application of acceleration methods specifically, the lcm-lora module in a variety of computing environments.
PaPr: Training-Free One-Step Patch Pruning with Lightweight ConvNets for Faster Inference
Authors: Tanvir Mahmud, Burhaneddin Yaman, Chun-Hao Liu, Diana Marculescu
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00

As deep neural networks evolve from convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) to advanced vision transformers (ViTs), there is an increased need to eliminate redundant data for faster processing without compromising accuracy. Previous methods are often architecture-specific or necessitate re-training, restricting their applicability with frequent model updates. To solve this, we first introduce a novel property of lightweight ConvNets: their ability to identify key discriminative patch regions in images, irrespective of model's final accuracy or size. We demonstrate that fully-connected layers are the primary bottleneck for ConvNets performance, and their suppression with simple weight recalibration markedly enhances discriminative patch localization performance. Using this insight, we introduce PaPr, a method for substantially pruning redundant patches with minimal accuracy loss using lightweight ConvNets across a variety of deep learning architectures, including ViTs, ConvNets, and hybrid transformers, without any re-training. Moreover, the simple early-stage one-step patch pruning with PaPr enhances existing patch reduction methods. Through extensive testing on diverse architectures, PaPr achieves significantly higher accuracy over state-of-the-art patch reduction methods with similar FLOP count reduction. More specifically, PaPr reduces about 70% of redundant patches in videos with less than 0.8% drop in accuracy, and up to 3.7x FLOPs reduction, which is a 15% more reduction with 2.5% higher accuracy. Code is released at https://github.com/tanvir-utexas/PaPr.
SM2C: Boost the Semi-supervised Segmentation for Medical Image by using Meta Pseudo Labels and Mixed Images
Authors: Yifei Wang, Chuhong Zhu
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Recently, machine learning-based semantic segmentation algorithms have demonstrated their potential to accurately segment regions and contours in medical images, allowing the precise location of anatomical structures and abnormalities. Although medical images are difficult to acquire and annotate, semi-supervised learning methods are efficient in dealing with the scarcity of labeled data. However, overfitting is almost inevitable due to the limited images for training. Furthermore, the intricate shapes of organs and lesions in medical images introduce additional complexity in different cases, preventing networks from acquiring a strong ability to generalize. To this end, we introduce a novel method called Scaling-up Mix with Multi-Class (SM2C). This method uses three strategies - scaling-up image size, multi-class mixing, and object shape jittering - to improve the ability to learn semantic features within medical images. By diversifying the shape of the segmentation objects and enriching the semantic information within each sample, the SM2C demonstrates its potential, especially in the training of unlabelled data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the SM2C on three benchmark medical image segmentation datasets. The proposed framework shows significant improvements over state-of-the-art counterparts.
Knowledge-Enhanced Dual-stream Zero-shot Composed Image Retrieval
Authors: Yucheng Suo, Fan Ma, Linchao Zhu, Yi Yang
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Attribute, Image Retrieval, Retrieval, Triplet, Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval (ZS-CIR)

We study the zero-shot Composed Image Retrieval (ZS-CIR) task, which is to retrieve the target image given a reference image and a description without training on the triplet datasets. Previous works generate pseudo-word tokens by projecting the reference image features to the text embedding space. However, they focus on the global visual representation, ignoring the representation of detailed attributes, e.g., color, object number and layout. To address this challenge, we propose a Knowledge-Enhanced Dual-stream zero-shot composed image retrieval framework (KEDs). KEDs implicitly models the attributes of the reference images by incorporating a database. The database enriches the pseudo-word tokens by providing relevant images and captions, emphasizing shared attribute information in various aspects. In this way, KEDs recognizes the reference image from diverse perspectives. Moreover, KEDs adopts an extra stream that aligns pseudo-word tokens with textual concepts, leveraging pseudo-triplets mined from image-text pairs. The pseudo-word tokens generated in this stream are explicitly aligned with fine-grained semantics in the text embedding space. Extensive experiments on widely used benchmarks, i.e. ImageNet-R, COCO object, Fashion-IQ and CIRR, show that KEDs outperforms previous zero-shot composed image retrieval methods.
SDSTrack: Self-Distillation Symmetric Adapter Learning for Multi-Modal Visual Object Tracking
Authors: Xiaojun Hou, Jiazheng Xing, Yijie Qian, Yaowei Guo, Shuo Xin, JunHao Chen, Kai Tang, Mengmeng Wang, Zhengkai Jiang, Liang Liu, Yong liu
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Object Tracking, Rgb-T Tracking, Visual Object Tracking

Multimodal Visual Object Tracking (VOT) has recently gained significant attention due to its robustness. Early research focused on fully fine-tuning RGB-based trackers, which was inefficient and lacked generalized representation due to the scarcity of multimodal data. Therefore, recent studies have utilized prompt tuning to transfer pre-trained RGB-based trackers to multimodal data. However, the modality gap limits pre-trained knowledge recall, and the dominance of the RGB modality persists, preventing the full utilization of information from other modalities. To address these issues, we propose a novel symmetric multimodal tracking framework called SDSTrack. We introduce lightweight adaptation for efficient fine-tuning, which directly transfers the feature extraction ability from RGB to other domains with a small number of trainable parameters and integrates multimodal features in a balanced, symmetric manner. Furthermore, we design a complementary masked patch distillation strategy to enhance the robustness of trackers in complex environments, such as extreme weather, poor imaging, and sensor failure. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SDSTrack outperforms state-of-the-art methods in various multimodal tracking scenarios, including RGB+Depth, RGB+Thermal, and RGB+Event tracking, and exhibits impressive results in extreme conditions. Our source code is available at https://github.com/hoqolo/SDSTrack.
BIMCV-R: A Landmark Dataset for 3D CT Text-Image Retrieval
Authors: Yinda Chen, Che Liu, Xiaoyu Liu, Rossella Arcucci, Zhiwei Xiong
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Image Retrieval, Image to text, Medical Image Retrieval, Retrieval

The burgeoning integration of 3D medical imaging into healthcare has led to a substantial increase in the workload of medical professionals. To assist clinicians in their diagnostic processes and alleviate their workload, the development of a robust system for retrieving similar case studies presents a viable solution. While the concept holds great promise, the field of 3D medical text-image retrieval is currently limited by the absence of robust evaluation benchmarks and curated datasets. To remedy this, our study presents a groundbreaking dataset, {BIMCV-R}, which includes an extensive collection of 8,069 3D CT volumes, encompassing over 2 million slices, paired with their respective radiological reports. Expanding upon the foundational work of our dataset, we craft a retrieval strategy, MedFinder. This approach employs a dual-stream network architecture, harnessing the potential of large language models to advance the field of medical image retrieval beyond existing text-image retrieval solutions. It marks our preliminary step towards developing a system capable of facilitating text-to-image, image-to-text, and keyword-based retrieval tasks. Our project is available at \url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/cyd0806/BIMCV-R}.
Mars Spectrometry 2: Gas Chromatography -- Second place solution
Authors: Dmitry A. Konovalov
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00

The Mars Spectrometry 2: Gas Chromatography challenge was sponsored by NASA and run on the DrivenData competition platform in 2022. This report describes the solution which achieved the second-best score on the competition's test dataset. The solution utilized two-dimensional, image-like representations of the competition's chromatography data samples. A number of different Convolutional Neural Network models were trained and ensembled for the final submission.
Exploring Accurate 3D Phenotyping in Greenhouse through Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Junhong Zhao, Wei Ying, Yaoqiang Pan, Zhenfeng Yi, Chao Chen, Kewei Hu, Hanwen Kang
Date: 2024-03-24 00:00:00
Tasks: NeRF, Plant Phenotyping, Point Cloud Registration

Accurate collection of plant phenotyping is critical to optimising sustainable farming practices in precision agriculture. Traditional phenotyping in controlled laboratory environments, while valuable, falls short in understanding plant growth under real-world conditions. Emerging sensor and digital technologies offer a promising approach for direct phenotyping of plants in farm environments. This study investigates a learning-based phenotyping method using the Neural Radiance Field to achieve accurate in-situ phenotyping of pepper plants in greenhouse environments. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of this method, traditional point cloud registration on 3D scanning data is implemented for comparison. Experimental result shows that NeRF(Neural Radiance Fields) achieves competitive accuracy compared to the 3D scanning methods. The mean distance error between the scanner-based method and the NeRF-based method is 0.865mm. This study shows that the learning-based NeRF method achieves similar accuracy to 3D scanning-based methods but with improved scalability and robustness.
IllusionVQA: A Challenging Optical Illusion Dataset for Vision Language Models
Authors: HAZ Sameen Shahgir, Khondker Salman Sayeed, Abhik Bhattacharjee, Wasi Uddin Ahmad, Yue Dong, Rifat Shahriyar
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Common Sense Reasoning, In-Context Learning, Multiple-choice, Object Localization, Visual Question Answering, Visual Question Answering (VQA)

The advent of Vision Language Models (VLM) has allowed researchers to investigate the visual understanding of a neural network using natural language. Beyond object classification and detection, VLMs are capable of visual comprehension and common-sense reasoning. This naturally led to the question: How do VLMs respond when the image itself is inherently unreasonable? To this end, we present IllusionVQA: a diverse dataset of challenging optical illusions and hard-to-interpret scenes to test the capability of VLMs in two distinct multiple-choice VQA tasks - comprehension and soft localization. GPT4V, the best performing VLM, achieves 62.99% accuracy (4-shot) on the comprehension task and 49.7% on the localization task (4-shot and Chain-of-Thought). Human evaluation reveals that humans achieve 91.03% and 100% accuracy in comprehension and localization. We discover that In-Context Learning (ICL) and Chain-of-Thought reasoning substantially degrade the performance of Gemini-Pro in the localization task. Tangentially, we discover a potential weakness in the ICL capabilities of VLMs: they fail to locate optical illusions even when the correct answer is in the context window as a few-shot example.
MapTracker: Tracking with Strided Memory Fusion for Consistent Vector HD Mapping
Authors: Jiacheng Chen, Yuefan Wu, Jiaqi Tan, Hang Ma, Yasutaka Furukawa
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00

This paper presents a vector HD-mapping algorithm that formulates the mapping as a tracking task and uses a history of memory latents to ensure consistent reconstructions over time. Our method, MapTracker, accumulates a sensor stream into memory buffers of two latent representations: 1) Raster latents in the bird's-eye-view (BEV) space and 2) Vector latents over the road elements (i.e., pedestrian-crossings, lane-dividers, and road-boundaries). The approach borrows the query propagation paradigm from the tracking literature that explicitly associates tracked road elements from the previous frame to the current, while fusing a subset of memory latents selected with distance strides to further enhance temporal consistency. A vector latent is decoded to reconstruct the geometry of a road element. The paper further makes benchmark contributions by 1) Improving processing code for existing datasets to produce consistent ground truth with temporal alignments and 2) Augmenting existing mAP metrics with consistency checks. MapTracker significantly outperforms existing methods on both nuScenes and Agroverse2 datasets by over 8% and 19% on the conventional and the new consistency-aware metrics, respectively. The code and models are available on our project page: https://map-tracker.github.io.
Deep Domain Adaptation: A Sim2Real Neural Approach for Improving Eye-Tracking Systems
Authors: Viet Dung Nguyen, Reynold Bailey, Gabriel J. Diaz, Chengyi Ma, Alexander Fix, Alexander Ororbia
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Dimensionality Reduction, Domain Adaptation, Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Eye image segmentation is a critical step in eye tracking that has great influence over the final gaze estimate. Segmentation models trained using supervised machine learning can excel at this task, their effectiveness is determined by the degree of overlap between the narrow distributions of image properties defined by the target dataset and highly specific training datasets, of which there are few. Attempts to broaden the distribution of existing eye image datasets through the inclusion of synthetic eye images have found that a model trained on synthetic images will often fail to generalize back to real-world eye images. In remedy, we use dimensionality-reduction techniques to measure the overlap between the target eye images and synthetic training data, and to prune the training dataset in a manner that maximizes distribution overlap. We demonstrate that our methods result in robust, improved performance when tackling the discrepancy between simulation and real-world data samples.
Advanced Feature Manipulation for Enhanced Change Detection Leveraging Natural Language Models
Authors: Zhenglin Li, Yangchen Huang, Mengran Zhu, Jingyu Zhang, JingHao Chang, Houze Liu
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Change Detection, Image Generation

Change detection is a fundamental task in computer vision that processes a bi-temporal image pair to differentiate between semantically altered and unaltered regions. Large language models (LLMs) have been utilized in various domains for their exceptional feature extraction capabilities and have shown promise in numerous downstream applications. In this study, we harness the power of a pre-trained LLM, extracting feature maps from extensive datasets, and employ an auxiliary network to detect changes. Unlike existing LLM-based change detection methods that solely focus on deriving high-quality feature maps, our approach emphasizes the manipulation of these feature maps to enhance semantic relevance.
Towards Adversarial Robustness And Backdoor Mitigation in SSL
Authors: Aryan Satpathy, Nilaksh Singh, Dhruva Rajwade, Somesh Kumar
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Robustness, Backdoor Attack, Self-Supervised Learning

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown great promise in learning representations from unlabeled data. The power of learning representations without the need for human annotations has made SSL a widely used technique in real-world problems. However, SSL methods have recently been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where the learned model can be exploited by adversaries to manipulate the learned representations, either through tampering the training data distribution, or via modifying the model itself. This work aims to address defending against backdoor attacks in SSL, where the adversary has access to a realistic fraction of the SSL training data, and no access to the model. We use novel methods that are computationally efficient as well as generalizable across different problem settings. We also investigate the adversarial robustness of SSL models when trained with our method, and show insights into increased robustness in SSL via frequency domain augmentations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a variety of SSL benchmarks, and show that our method is able to mitigate backdoor attacks while maintaining high performance on downstream tasks. Code for our work is available at github.com/Aryan-Satpathy/Backdoor
Towards Low-Energy Adaptive Personalization for Resource-Constrained Devices
Authors: Yushan Huang, Josh Millar, Yuxuan Long, Yuchen Zhao, Hamed Haddadi
Date: 2024-03-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Avg

The personalization of machine learning (ML) models to address data drift is a significant challenge in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Presently, most approaches focus on fine-tuning either the full base model or its last few layers to adapt to new data, while often neglecting energy costs. However, various types of data drift exist, and fine-tuning the full base model or the last few layers may not result in optimal performance in certain scenarios. We propose Target Block Fine-Tuning (TBFT), a low-energy adaptive personalization framework designed for resource-constrained devices. We categorize data drift and personalization into three types: input-level, feature-level, and output-level. For each type, we fine-tune different blocks of the model to achieve optimal performance with reduced energy costs. Specifically, input-, feature-, and output-level correspond to fine-tuning the front, middle, and rear blocks of the model. We evaluate TBFT on a ResNet model, three datasets, three different training sizes, and a Raspberry Pi. Compared with the $Block Avg$, where each block is fine-tuned individually and their performance improvements are averaged, TBFT exhibits an improvement in model accuracy by an average of 15.30% whilst saving 41.57% energy consumption on average compared with full fine-tuning.