pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Assisted Microearthquake Location Workflow for Monitoring the Newberry Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: Zi Xian Leong, Tieyuan Zhu
Date: 2024-09-06 00:00:00
Proceeding: Journal of Geophysical Research: Machine Learning and Computation 2024 9

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) offer a sustainable energy source but face challenges in accurately locating microearthquakes induced during reservoir stimulation. Locating these microearthquakes provides reliable feedback on the stimulation progress. Current deep learning methods for locating earthquakes require extensive data sets for training, which is problematic as detected microearthquakes are often limited. To address the scarcity of training data, we propose a practical workflow using probabilistic multilayer perceptron (PMLP) which predicts microearthquake locations from cross-correlation time lags in waveforms. Utilizing a 3D velocity model of Newberry site derived from ambient noise interferometry, we generate numerous synthetic microearthquakes and 3D acoustic waveforms for PMLP training. Accurate synthetic tests prompt us to apply the trained network to the 2012 and 2014 stimulation field waveforms. To enhance the accuracy of source localization, we carefully handpick the P-arrival times. Predictions on the 2012 stimulation data set show major microseismic activity at depths of 0.5–1.2 km, correlating with a known casing leakage scenario. In the 2014 data set, the majority of predictions concentrate at 2.0–2.9 km depths, consistent with results obtained from conventional physics-based inversion, and align with the presence of natural fractures from 2.0 to 2.7 km. We validate our findings by comparing the synthetic and field picks, demonstrating a satisfactory match for the first arrivals. By combining the benefits of quick inference speeds and accurate location predictions, we demonstrate the feasibility of using realistic synthetic data set to locate microseismicity for EGS monitoring.
GotenNet: Rethinking Efficient 3D Equivariant Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Sarp Aykent, Tian Xia
Date: 2025-04-24 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICLR 2025 4
Tasks: Atomic Forces, Computational Efficiency, Graph Property Prediction, Graph Regression, Molecular Property Prediction

Understanding complex three-dimensional (3D) structures of graphs is essential for accurately modeling various properties, yet many existing approaches struggle with fully capturing the intricate spatial relationships and symmetries inherent in such systems, especially in large-scale, dynamic molecular datasets. These methods often must balance trade-offs between expressiveness and computational efficiency, limiting their scalability. To address this gap, we propose a novel Geometric Tensor Network (GotenNet) that effectively models the geometric intricacies of 3D graphs while ensuring strict equivariance under the Euclidean group E(3). Our approach directly tackles the expressiveness-efficiency trade-off by leveraging effective geometric tensor representations without relying on irreducible representations or Clebsch-Gordan transforms, thereby reducing computational overhead. We introduce a unified structural embedding, incorporating geometry-aware tensor attention and hierarchical tensor refinement that iteratively updates edge representations through inner product operations on high-degree steerable features, allowing for flexible and efficient representations for various tasks. We evaluated models on QM9, rMD17, MD22, and Molecule3D datasets, where the proposed model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both scalar and high-degree property predictions, demonstrating exceptional robustness across diverse datasets, and establishes GotenNet as a versatile and scalable framework for 3D equivariant Graph Neural Networks.
Combining features on vertical ground reaction force signal analysis for multiclass diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ismihan Gul Ozeloglu  a  a, Eda Akman Aydin
Date: 2024-08-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: international Journal of Medical Informatics 2024 8
Tasks: Diagnostic, Dynamic Time Warping, Edge-computing, Multi-class Classification

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which are caused by the degeneration of neurons and their functions, affect
 a significant part of the world’s population. Although gait disorders are one of the critical and common markers
 to determine the presence of NDDs, diagnosing which NDD the patients have among a group of NDDs using gait
 data is still a significant challenge to be addressed. In this study, we addressed the multi-class classification of
 NDDs and aim to diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease (AD), and Hunting
ton’s disease (HD) from a group containing NDDs and healthy control subjects. We also examined the impact of
 disease-specific identified features derived from VGRF signals. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), Dynamic
 Time Warping (DTW) and Autocorrelation (AC) were used for feature extraction on Vertical Ground Reaction
 Force (VGRF) signals. To compare the performance of the features, we employed Support Vector Machines, K
Nearest Neighbors, and Neural Networks as classifiers. In three-class problem addressing the classification of AD,
 PDandHD93.3%accuracy rate was achieved, while in the four classes case, in which NDDs and HC groups were
 considered together, 93.5% accuracy rate was yielded. Considering the disease-specific impact of features, it is
 revealed that while DFA based features diagnose patients with AD with the highest accuracy, DTW has been
 shown to be more successful in diagnosing PD. AC based features provided the highest accuracy in diagnosing
 HD. Although gait disorder is common for NDDs, each disease may have its own distinctive gait rhythms;
 therefore, it is important to identify disease-specific patterns and parameters for the diagnosis of each disease. To
 increase the diagnostic accuracy, it is necessary to use a combination of features, which were effective for each
 disease diagnosis. Determining a limited number of disease-specific features would provide NDD diagnostic
 systems suitable to be deployed in edge-computing environments.
Effective dimensionality reduction for Greeks computation using Randomized QMC
Authors: Luca Albieri, Sergei Kucherenko, Stefano Scoleri, Marco Bianchetti
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Dimensionality Reduction, Sensitivity

Global sensitivity analysis is employed to evaluate the effective dimension reduction achieved through Chebyshev interpolation and the conditional pathwise method for Greek estimation of discretely monitored barrier options and arithmetic average Asian options. We compare results from finite difference and Monte Carlo methods with those obtained by using randomized Quasi Monte Carlo combined with Brownian bridge discretization. Additionally, we investigate the benefits of incorporating importance sampling with either the finite difference or Chebyshev interpolation methods. Our findings demonstrate that the reduced effective dimensionality identified through global sensitivity analysis explains the performance advantages of one approach over another. Specifically, the increased smoothness provided by Chebyshev or conditional pathwise methods enhances the convergence rate of randomized Quasi Monte Carlo integration, leading to the significant increase of accuracy and reduced computational costs.
CoDynTrust: Robust Asynchronous Collaborative Perception via Dynamic Feature Trust Modulus
Authors: Yunjiang Xu, Lingzhi Li, Jin Wang, Benyuan Yang, Zhiwen Wu, Xinhong Chen, JianPing Wang
Date: 2025-02-12 00:00:00

Collaborative perception, fusing information from multiple agents, can extend perception range so as to improve perception performance. However, temporal asynchrony in real-world environments, caused by communication delays, clock misalignment, or sampling configuration differences, can lead to information mismatches. If this is not well handled, then the collaborative performance is patchy, and what's worse safety accidents may occur. To tackle this challenge, we propose CoDynTrust, an uncertainty-encoded asynchronous fusion perception framework that is robust to the information mismatches caused by temporal asynchrony. CoDynTrust generates dynamic feature trust modulus (DFTM) for each region of interest by modeling aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty as well as selectively suppressing or retaining single-vehicle features, thereby mitigating information mismatches. We then design a multi-scale fusion module to handle multi-scale feature maps processed by DFTM. Compared to existing works that also consider asynchronous collaborative perception, CoDynTrust combats various low-quality information in temporally asynchronous scenarios and allows uncertainty to be propagated to downstream tasks such as planning and control. Experimental results demonstrate that CoDynTrust significantly reduces performance degradation caused by temporal asynchrony across multiple datasets, achieving state-of-the-art detection performance even with temporal asynchrony. The code is available at https://github.com/CrazyShout/CoDynTrust.
SparseAlign: A Fully Sparse Framework for Cooperative Object Detection
Authors: Yunshuang Yuan, Yan Xia, Daniel Cremers, Monika Sester
Date: 2025-03-17 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, object-detection, Object Detection

Cooperative perception can increase the view field and decrease the occlusion of an ego vehicle, hence improving the perception performance and safety of autonomous driving. Despite the success of previous works on cooperative object detection, they mostly operate on dense Bird's Eye View (BEV) feature maps, which are computationally demanding and can hardly be extended to long-range detection problems. More efficient fully sparse frameworks are rarely explored. In this work, we design a fully sparse framework, SparseAlign, with three key features: an enhanced sparse 3D backbone, a query-based temporal context learning module, and a robust detection head specially tailored for sparse features. Extensive experimental results on both OPV2V and DairV2X datasets show that our framework, despite its sparsity, outperforms the state of the art with less communication bandwidth requirements. In addition, experiments on the OPV2Vt and DairV2Xt datasets for time-aligned cooperative object detection also show a significant performance gain compared to the baseline works.
CoopDETR: A Unified Cooperative Perception Framework for 3D Detection via Object Query
Authors: Zhe Wang, Shaocong Xu, Xucai Zhuang, Tongda Xu, Yan Wang, Jingjing Liu, Yilun Chen, Ya-Qin Zhang
Date: 2025-02-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Object

Cooperative perception enhances the individual perception capabilities of autonomous vehicles (AVs) by providing a comprehensive view of the environment. However, balancing perception performance and transmission costs remains a significant challenge. Current approaches that transmit region-level features across agents are limited in interpretability and demand substantial bandwidth, making them unsuitable for practical applications. In this work, we propose CoopDETR, a novel cooperative perception framework that introduces object-level feature cooperation via object query. Our framework consists of two key modules: single-agent query generation, which efficiently encodes raw sensor data into object queries, reducing transmission cost while preserving essential information for detection; and cross-agent query fusion, which includes Spatial Query Matching (SQM) and Object Query Aggregation (OQA) to enable effective interaction between queries. Our experiments on the OPV2V and V2XSet datasets demonstrate that CoopDETR achieves state-of-the-art performance and significantly reduces transmission costs to 1/782 of previous methods.
SCA3D: Enhancing Cross-modal 3D Retrieval via 3D Shape and Caption Paired Data Augmentation
Authors: Junlong Ren, Hao Wu, Hui Xiong, Hao Wang
Date: 2025-02-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Data Augmentation, Retrieval

The cross-modal 3D retrieval task aims to achieve mutual matching between text descriptions and 3D shapes. This has the potential to enhance the interaction between natural language and the 3D environment, especially within the realms of robotics and embodied artificial intelligence (AI) applications. However, the scarcity and expensiveness of 3D data constrain the performance of existing cross-modal 3D retrieval methods. These methods heavily rely on features derived from the limited number of 3D shapes, resulting in poor generalization ability across diverse scenarios. To address this challenge, we introduce SCA3D, a novel 3D shape and caption online data augmentation method for cross-modal 3D retrieval. Our approach uses the LLaVA model to create a component library, captioning each segmented part of every 3D shape within the dataset. Notably, it facilitates the generation of extensive new 3D-text pairs containing new semantic features. We employ both inter and intra distances to align various components into a new 3D shape, ensuring that the components do not overlap and are closely fitted. Further, text templates are utilized to process the captions of each component and generate new text descriptions. Besides, we use unimodal encoders to extract embeddings for 3D shapes and texts based on the enriched dataset. We then calculate fine-grained cross-modal similarity using Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) and enhance cross-modal matching with contrastive learning, enabling bidirectional retrieval between texts and 3D shapes. Extensive experiments show our SCA3D outperforms previous works on the Text2Shape dataset, raising the Shape-to-Text RR@1 score from 20.03 to 27.22 and the Text-to-Shape RR@1 score from 13.12 to 16.67. Codes can be found in https://github.com/3DAgentWorld/SCA3D.
Reasoning Models Can Be Effective Without Thinking
Authors: Wenjie Ma, Jingxuan He, Charlie Snell, Tyler Griggs, Sewon Min, Matei Zaharia
Date: 2025-04-14 00:00:00
Tasks: Automated Theorem Proving, Mathematical Problem-Solving

Recent LLMs have significantly improved reasoning capabilities, primarily by including an explicit, lengthy Thinking process as part of generation. In this paper, we question whether this explicit thinking is necessary. Using the state-of-the-art DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen, we find that bypassing the thinking process via simple prompting, denoted as NoThinking, can be surprisingly effective. When controlling for the number of tokens, NoThinking outperforms Thinking across a diverse set of seven challenging reasoning datasets--including mathematical problem solving, formal theorem proving, and coding--especially in low-budget settings, e.g., 51.3 vs. 28.9 on ACM 23 with 700 tokens. Notably, the performance of NoThinking becomes more competitive with pass@k as k increases. Building on this observation, we demonstrate that a parallel scaling approach that uses NoThinking to generate N outputs independently and aggregates them is highly effective. For aggregation, we use task-specific verifiers when available, or we apply simple best-of-N strategies such as confidence-based selection. Our method outperforms a range of baselines with similar latency using Thinking, and is comparable to Thinking with significantly longer latency (up to 9x). Together, our research encourages a reconsideration of the necessity of lengthy thinking processes, while also establishing a competitive reference for achieving strong reasoning performance in low-budget settings or at low latency using parallel scaling.
Optimizing 4D Gaussians for Dynamic Scene Video from Single Landscape Images
Authors: In-Hwan Jin, Haesoo Choo, Seong-Hun Jeong, Heemoon Park, Junghwan Kim, Oh-joon Kwon, Kyeongbo Kong
Date: 2025-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Animation, Motion Estimation

To achieve realistic immersion in landscape images, fluids such as water and clouds need to move within the image while revealing new scenes from various camera perspectives. Recently, a field called dynamic scene video has emerged, which combines single image animation with 3D photography. These methods use pseudo 3D space, implicitly represented with Layered Depth Images (LDIs). LDIs separate a single image into depth-based layers, which enables elements like water and clouds to move within the image while revealing new scenes from different camera perspectives. However, as landscapes typically consist of continuous elements, including fluids, the representation of a 3D space separates a landscape image into discrete layers, and it can lead to diminished depth perception and potential distortions depending on camera movement. Furthermore, due to its implicit modeling of 3D space, the output may be limited to videos in the 2D domain, potentially reducing their versatility. In this paper, we propose representing a complete 3D space for dynamic scene video by modeling explicit representations, specifically 4D Gaussians, from a single image. The framework is focused on optimizing 3D Gaussians by generating multi-view images from a single image and creating 3D motion to optimize 4D Gaussians. The most important part of proposed framework is consistent 3D motion estimation, which estimates common motion among multi-view images to bring the motion in 3D space closer to actual motions. As far as we know, this is the first attempt that considers animation while representing a complete 3D space from a single landscape image. Our model demonstrates the ability to provide realistic immersion in various landscape images through diverse experiments and metrics. Extensive experimental results are https://cvsp-lab.github.io/ICLR2025_3D-MOM/.
SIGMAN:Scaling 3D Human Gaussian Generation with Millions of Assets
Authors: Yuhang Yang, Fengqi Liu, Yixing Lu, Qin Zhao, Pingyu Wu, Wei Zhai, Ran Yi, Yang Cao, Lizhuang Ma, Zheng-Jun Zha, Junting Dong
Date: 2025-04-09 00:00:00

3D human digitization has long been a highly pursued yet challenging task. Existing methods aim to generate high-quality 3D digital humans from single or multiple views, but remain primarily constrained by current paradigms and the scarcity of 3D human assets. Specifically, recent approaches fall into several paradigms: optimization-based and feed-forward (both single-view regression and multi-view generation with reconstruction). However, they are limited by slow speed, low quality, cascade reasoning, and ambiguity in mapping low-dimensional planes to high-dimensional space due to occlusion and invisibility, respectively. Furthermore, existing 3D human assets remain small-scale, insufficient for large-scale training. To address these challenges, we propose a latent space generation paradigm for 3D human digitization, which involves compressing multi-view images into Gaussians via a UV-structured VAE, along with DiT-based conditional generation, we transform the ill-posed low-to-high-dimensional mapping problem into a learnable distribution shift, which also supports end-to-end inference. In addition, we employ the multi-view optimization approach combined with synthetic data to construct the HGS-1M dataset, which contains $1$ million 3D Gaussian assets to support the large-scale training. Experimental results demonstrate that our paradigm, powered by large-scale training, produces high-quality 3D human Gaussians with intricate textures, facial details, and loose clothing deformation.
COHESION: Composite Graph Convolutional Network with Dual-Stage Fusion for Multimodal Recommendation
Authors: Jinfeng Xu, Zheyu Chen, Wei Wang, Xiping Hu, Sang-Wook Kim, Edith C. H. Ngai
Date: 2025-04-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Multimodal Recommendation, Representation Learning

Recent works in multimodal recommendations, which leverage diverse modal information to address data sparsity and enhance recommendation accuracy, have garnered considerable interest. Two key processes in multimodal recommendations are modality fusion and representation learning. Previous approaches in modality fusion often employ simplistic attentive or pre-defined strategies at early or late stages, failing to effectively handle irrelevant information among modalities. In representation learning, prior research has constructed heterogeneous and homogeneous graph structures encapsulating user-item, user-user, and item-item relationships to better capture user interests and item profiles. Modality fusion and representation learning were considered as two independent processes in previous work. In this paper, we reveal that these two processes are complementary and can support each other. Specifically, powerful representation learning enhances modality fusion, while effective fusion improves representation quality. Stemming from these two processes, we introduce a COmposite grapH convolutional nEtwork with dual-stage fuSION for the multimodal recommendation, named COHESION. Specifically, it introduces a dual-stage fusion strategy to reduce the impact of irrelevant information, refining all modalities using ID embedding in the early stage and fusing their representations at the late stage. It also proposes a composite graph convolutional network that utilizes user-item, user-user, and item-item graphs to extract heterogeneous and homogeneous latent relationships within users and items. Besides, it introduces a novel adaptive optimization to ensure balanced and reasonable representations across modalities. Extensive experiments on three widely used datasets demonstrate the significant superiority of COHESION over various competitive baselines.
Flux Already Knows -- Activating Subject-Driven Image Generation without Training
Authors: Hao Kang, Stathi Fotiadis, Liming Jiang, Qing Yan, Yumin Jia, Zichuan Liu, Min Jin Chong, Xin Lu
Date: 2025-04-12 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Virtual Try-on

We propose a simple yet effective zero-shot framework for subject-driven image generation using a vanilla Flux model. By framing the task as grid-based image completion and simply replicating the subject image(s) in a mosaic layout, we activate strong identity-preserving capabilities without any additional data, training, or inference-time fine-tuning. This "free lunch" approach is further strengthened by a novel cascade attention design and meta prompting technique, boosting fidelity and versatility. Experimental results show that our method outperforms baselines across multiple key metrics in benchmarks and human preference studies, with trade-offs in certain aspects. Additionally, it supports diverse edits, including logo insertion, virtual try-on, and subject replacement or insertion. These results demonstrate that a pre-trained foundational text-to-image model can enable high-quality, resource-efficient subject-driven generation, opening new possibilities for lightweight customization in downstream applications.
Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueries
Authors: Xichen Pan, Satya Narayan Shukla, Aashu Singh, Zhuokai Zhao, Shlok Kumar Mishra, Jialiang Wang, Zhiyang Xu, Jiuhai Chen, Kunpeng Li, Felix Juefei-Xu, Ji Hou, Saining Xie
Date: 2025-04-08 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

Unified multimodal models aim to integrate understanding (text output) and generation (pixel output), but aligning these different modalities within a single architecture often demands complex training recipes and careful data balancing. We introduce MetaQueries, a set of learnable queries that act as an efficient interface between autoregressive multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) and diffusion models. MetaQueries connects the MLLM's latents to the diffusion decoder, enabling knowledge-augmented image generation by leveraging the MLLM's deep understanding and reasoning capabilities. Our method simplifies training, requiring only paired image-caption data and standard diffusion objectives. Notably, this transfer is effective even when the MLLM backbone remains frozen, thereby preserving its state-of-the-art multimodal understanding capabilities while achieving strong generative performance. Additionally, our method is flexible and can be easily instruction-tuned for advanced applications such as image editing and subject-driven generation.