pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Occlusion-aware Text-Image-Point Cloud Pretraining for Open-World 3D Object Recognition
Authors: Khanh Nguyen, Ghulam Mubashar Hassan, Ajmal Mian
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: 3D Object Recognition, Object Recognition, Representation Learning

Recent open-world representation learning approaches have leveraged CLIP to enable zero-shot 3D object recognition. However, performance on real point clouds with occlusions still falls short due to the unrealistic pretraining settings. Additionally, these methods incur high inference costs because they rely on Transformer's attention modules. In this paper, we make two contributions to address these limitations. First, we propose occlusion-aware text-image-point cloud pretraining to reduce the training-testing domain gap. From 52K synthetic 3D objects, our framework generates nearly 630K partial point clouds for pretraining, consistently improving real-world recognition performances of existing popular 3D networks. Second, to reduce computational requirements, we introduce DuoMamba, a two-stream linear state space model tailored for point clouds. By integrating two space-filling curves with 1D convolutions, DuoMamba effectively models spatial dependencies between point tokens, offering a powerful alternative to Transformer. When pretrained with our framework, DuoMamba surpasses current state-of-the-art methods while reducing latency and FLOPs, highlighting the potential of our approach for real-world applications. We will release our data and code to facilitate future research.
Hierarchically-Structured Open-Vocabulary Indoor Scene Synthesis with Pre-trained Large Language Model
Authors: Weilin Sun, Xinran Li, Manyi Li, Kai Xu, Xiangxu Meng, Lei Meng
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Indoor Scene Synthesis, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model

Indoor scene synthesis aims to automatically produce plausible, realistic and diverse 3D indoor scenes, especially given arbitrary user requirements. Recently, the promising generalization ability of pre-trained large language models (LLM) assist in open-vocabulary indoor scene synthesis. However, the challenge lies in converting the LLM-generated outputs into reasonable and physically feasible scene layouts. In this paper, we propose to generate hierarchically structured scene descriptions with LLM and then compute the scene layouts. Specifically, we train a hierarchy-aware network to infer the fine-grained relative positions between objects and design a divide-and-conquer optimization to solve for scene layouts. The advantages of using hierarchically structured scene representation are two-fold. First, the hierarchical structure provides a rough grounding for object arrangement, which alleviates contradictory placements with dense relations and enhances the generalization ability of the network to infer fine-grained placements. Second, it naturally supports the divide-and-conquer optimization, by first arranging the sub-scenes and then the entire scene, to more effectively solve for a feasible layout. We conduct extensive comparison experiments and ablation studies with both qualitative and quantitative evaluations to validate the effectiveness of our key designs with the hierarchically structured scene representation. Our approach can generate more reasonable scene layouts while better aligned with the user requirements and LLM descriptions. We also present open-vocabulary scene synthesis and interactive scene design results to show the strength of our approach in the applications.
FocalCount: Towards Class-Count Imbalance in Class-Agnostic Counting
Authors: Huilin Zhu, Jingling Yuan, Zhengwei Yang, Yu Guo, Xian Zhong, Shengfeng He
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Object Counting

In class-agnostic object counting, the goal is to estimate the total number of object instances in an image without distinguishing between specific categories. Existing methods often predict this count without considering class-specific outputs, leading to inaccuracies when such outputs are required. These inaccuracies stem from two key challenges: 1) the prevalence of single-category images in datasets, which leads models to generalize specific categories as representative of all objects, and 2) the use of mean squared error loss during training, which applies uniform penalization. This uniform penalty disregards errors in less frequent categories, particularly when these errors contribute minimally to the overall loss. To address these issues, we propose {FocalCount}, a novel approach that leverages diverse feature attributes to estimate the number of object categories in an image. This estimate serves as a weighted factor to correct class-count imbalances. Additionally, we introduce {Focal-MSE}, a new loss function that integrates binary cross-entropy to generate stronger error gradients, enhancing the model's sensitivity to errors in underrepresented categories. Our approach significantly improves the model's ability to distinguish between specific classes and general counts, demonstrating superior performance and scalability in both few-shot and zero-shot scenarios across three object counting datasets. The code will be released soon.
CLoCKDistill: Consistent Location-and-Context-aware Knowledge Distillation for DETRs
Authors: Qizhen Lan, Qing Tian
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Knowledge Distillation, object-detection, Object Detection, Self-Driving Cars

Object detection has advanced significantly with Detection Transformers (DETRs). However, these models are computationally demanding, posing challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments (e.g., self-driving cars). Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective compression method widely applied to CNN detectors, but its application to DETR models has been limited. Most KD methods for DETRs fail to distill transformer-specific global context. Also, they blindly believe in the teacher model, which can sometimes be misleading. To bridge the gaps, this paper proposes Consistent Location-and-Context-aware Knowledge Distillation (CLoCKDistill) for DETR detectors, which includes both feature distillation and logit distillation components. For feature distillation, instead of distilling backbone features like existing KD methods, we distill the transformer encoder output (i.e., memory) that contains valuable global context and long-range dependencies. Also, we enrich this memory with object location details during feature distillation so that the student model can prioritize relevant regions while effectively capturing the global context. To facilitate logit distillation, we create target-aware queries based on the ground truth, allowing both the student and teacher decoders to attend to consistent and accurate parts of encoder memory. Experiments on the KITTI and COCO datasets show our CLoCKDistill method's efficacy across various DETRs, e.g., single-scale DAB-DETR, multi-scale deformable DETR, and denoising-based DINO. Our method boosts student detector performance by 2.2% to 6.4%.
Improving action segmentation via explicit similarity measurement
Authors: Kamel Aouaidjia, WenHao Zhang, Aofan Li, Chongsheng Zhang
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Segmentation, Boundary Detection

Existing supervised action segmentation methods depend on the quality of frame-wise classification using attention mechanisms or temporal convolutions to capture temporal dependencies. Even boundary detection-based methods primarily depend on the accuracy of an initial frame-wise classification, which can overlook precise identification of segments and boundaries in case of low-quality prediction. To address this problem, this paper proposes ASESM (Action Segmentation via Explicit Similarity Measurement) to enhance the segmentation accuracy by incorporating explicit similarity evaluation across frames and predictions. Our supervised learning architecture uses frame-level multi-resolution features as input to multiple Transformer encoders. The resulting multiple frame-wise predictions are used for similarity voting to obtain high quality initial prediction. We apply a newly proposed boundary correction algorithm that operates based on feature similarity between consecutive frames to adjust the boundary locations iteratively through the learning process. The corrected prediction is then further refined through multiple stages of temporal convolutions. As post-processing, we optionally apply boundary correction again followed by a segment smoothing method that removes outlier classes within segments using similarity measurement between consecutive predictions. Additionally, we propose a fully unsupervised boundary detection-correction algorithm that identifies segment boundaries based solely on feature similarity without any training. Experiments on 50Salads, GTEA, and Breakfast datasets show the effectiveness of both the supervised and unsupervised algorithms. Code and models are made available on Github.
Disentangle Nighttime Lens Flares: Self-supervised Generation-based Lens Flare Removal
Authors: Yuwen He, Wei Wang, Wanyu Wang, Kui Jiang
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Flare Removal

Lens flares arise from light reflection and refraction within sensor arrays, whose diverse types include glow, veiling glare, reflective flare and so on. Existing methods are specialized for one specific type only, and overlook the simultaneous occurrence of multiple typed lens flares, which is common in the real-world, e.g. coexistence of glow and displacement reflections from the same light source. These co-occurring lens flares cannot be effectively resolved by the simple combination of individual flare removal methods, since these coexisting flares originates from the same light source and are generated simultaneously within the same sensor array, exhibit a complex interdependence rather than simple additive relation. To model this interdependent flare relationship, our Nighttime Lens Flare Formation model is the first attempt to learn the intrinsic physical relationship between flares on the imaging plane. Building on this physical model, we introduce a solution to this joint flare removal task named Self-supervised Generation-based Lens Flare Removal Network (SGLFR-Net), which is self-supervised without pre-training. Specifically, the nighttime glow is detangled in PSF Rendering Network(PSFR-Net) based on PSF Rendering Prior, while the reflective flare is modelled in Texture Prior Based Reflection Flare Removal Network (TPRR-Net). Empirical evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in both joint and individual glare removal tasks.
Semantics-aware Test-time Adaptation for 3D Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Qiuxia Lin, Rongyu Chen, Kerui Gu, Angela Yao
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D human pose and shape estimation, 3D Human Pose Estimation, 3D Pose Estimation, motion prediction, Pose Estimation, Test-time Adaptation, text similarity, Video Understanding

This work highlights a semantics misalignment in 3D human pose estimation. For the task of test-time adaptation, the misalignment manifests as overly smoothed and unguided predictions. The smoothing settles predictions towards some average pose. Furthermore, when there are occlusions or truncations, the adaptation becomes fully unguided. To this end, we pioneer the integration of a semantics-aware motion prior for the test-time adaptation of 3D pose estimation. We leverage video understanding and a well-structured motion-text space to adapt the model motion prediction to adhere to video semantics during test time. Additionally, we incorporate a missing 2D pose completion based on the motion-text similarity. The pose completion strengthens the motion prior's guidance for occlusions and truncations. Our method significantly improves state-of-the-art 3D human pose estimation TTA techniques, with more than 12% decrease in PA-MPJPE on 3DPW and 3DHP.
VarGes: Improving Variation in Co-Speech 3D Gesture Generation via StyleCLIPS
Authors: Ming Meng, Ke Mu, Yonggui Zhu, Zhe Zhu, Haoyu Sun, Heyang Yan, Zhaoxin Fan
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Human Pose Estimation, Diversity, Gesture Generation, Pose Estimation

Generating expressive and diverse human gestures from audio is crucial in fields like human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and animation. Though existing methods have achieved remarkable performance, they often exhibit limitations due to constrained dataset diversity and the restricted amount of information derived from audio inputs. To address these challenges, we present VarGes, a novel variation-driven framework designed to enhance co-speech gesture generation by integrating visual stylistic cues while maintaining naturalness. Our approach begins with the Variation-Enhanced Feature Extraction (VEFE) module, which seamlessly incorporates \textcolor{blue}{style-reference} video data into a 3D human pose estimation network to extract StyleCLIPS, thereby enriching the input with stylistic information. Subsequently, we employ the Variation-Compensation Style Encoder (VCSE), a transformer-style encoder equipped with an additive attention mechanism pooling layer, to robustly encode diverse StyleCLIPS representations and effectively manage stylistic variations. Finally, the Variation-Driven Gesture Predictor (VDGP) module fuses MFCC audio features with StyleCLIPS encodings via cross-attention, injecting this fused data into a cross-conditional autoregressive model to modulate 3D human gesture generation based on audio input and stylistic clues. The efficacy of our approach is validated on benchmark datasets, where it outperforms existing methods in terms of gesture diversity and naturalness. The code and video results will be made publicly available upon acceptance:https://github.com/mookerr/VarGES/ .
REGNav: Room Expert Guided Image-Goal Navigation
Authors: Pengna Li, Kangyi Wu, Jingwen Fu, Sanping Zhou
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00

Image-goal navigation aims to steer an agent towards the goal location specified by an image. Most prior methods tackle this task by learning a navigation policy, which extracts visual features of goal and observation images, compares their similarity and predicts actions. However, if the agent is in a different room from the goal image, it's extremely challenging to identify their similarity and infer the likely goal location, which may result in the agent wandering around. Intuitively, when humans carry out this task, they may roughly compare the current observation with the goal image, having an approximate concept of whether they are in the same room before executing the actions. Inspired by this intuition, we try to imitate human behaviour and propose a Room Expert Guided Image-Goal Navigation model (REGNav) to equip the agent with the ability to analyze whether goal and observation images are taken in the same room. Specifically, we first pre-train a room expert with an unsupervised learning technique on the self-collected unlabelled room images. The expert can extract the hidden room style information of goal and observation images and predict their relationship about whether they belong to the same room. In addition, two different fusion approaches are explored to efficiently guide the agent navigation with the room relation knowledge. Extensive experiments show that our REGNav surpasses prior state-of-the-art works on three popular benchmarks.
Distraction is All You Need for Multimodal Large Language Model Jailbreaking
Authors: Zuopeng Yang, Jiluan Fan, Anli Yan, Erdun Gao, Xin Lin, Tao Li, Kanghua mo, Changyu Dong
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: All, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Multimodal Large Language Model

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) bridge the gap between visual and textual data, enabling a range of advanced applications. However, complex internal interactions among visual elements and their alignment with text can introduce vulnerabilities, which may be exploited to bypass safety mechanisms. To address this, we analyze the relationship between image content and task and find that the complexity of subimages, rather than their content, is key. Building on this insight, we propose the Distraction Hypothesis, followed by a novel framework called Contrasting Subimage Distraction Jailbreaking (CS-DJ), to achieve jailbreaking by disrupting MLLMs alignment through multi-level distraction strategies. CS-DJ consists of two components: structured distraction, achieved through query decomposition that induces a distributional shift by fragmenting harmful prompts into sub-queries, and visual-enhanced distraction, realized by constructing contrasting subimages to disrupt the interactions among visual elements within the model. This dual strategy disperses the model's attention, reducing its ability to detect and mitigate harmful content. Extensive experiments across five representative scenarios and four popular closed-source MLLMs, including GPT-4o-mini, GPT-4o, GPT-4V, and Gemini-1.5-Flash, demonstrate that CS-DJ achieves average success rates of 52.40% for the attack success rate and 74.10% for the ensemble attack success rate. These results reveal the potential of distraction-based approaches to exploit and bypass MLLMs' defenses, offering new insights for attack strategies.
Transformer-Driven Modeling of Variable Frequency Features for Classifying Student Engagement in Online Learning
Authors: Sandeep Mandia, Kuldeep Singh, Rajendra Mitharwal, Faisel Mushtaq, Dimpal Janu
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00

The COVID-19 pandemic and the internet's availability have recently boosted online learning. However, monitoring engagement in online learning is a difficult task for teachers. In this context, timely automatic student engagement classification can help teachers in making adaptive adjustments to meet students' needs. This paper proposes EngageFormer, a transformer based architecture with sequence pooling using video modality for engagement classification. The proposed architecture computes three views from the input video and processes them in parallel using transformer encoders; the global encoder then processes the representation from each encoder, and finally, multi layer perceptron (MLP) predicts the engagement level. A learning centered affective state dataset is curated from existing open source databases. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 63.9%, 56.73%, 99.16%, 65.67%, and 74.89% on Dataset for Affective States in E-Environments (DAiSEE), Bahcesehir University Multimodal Affective Database-1 (BAUM-1), Yawning Detection Dataset (YawDD), University of Texas at Arlington Real-Life Drowsiness Dataset (UTA-RLDD), and curated learning-centered affective state dataset respectively. The achieved results on the BAUM-1, DAiSEE, and YawDD datasets demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, indicating the superiority of the proposed model in accurately classifying affective states on these datasets. Additionally, the results obtained on the UTA-RLDD dataset, which involves two-class classification, serve as a baseline for future research. These results provide a foundation for further investigations and serve as a point of reference for future works to compare and improve upon.
SkyReels-A1: Expressive Portrait Animation in Video Diffusion Transformers
Authors: Di Qiu, Zhengcong Fei, Rui Wang, Jialin Bai, Changqian Yu, Mingyuan Fan, Guibin Chen, Xiang Wen
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Animation, Portrait Animation

We present SkyReels-A1, a simple yet effective framework built upon video diffusion Transformer to facilitate portrait image animation. Existing methodologies still encounter issues, including identity distortion, background instability, and unrealistic facial dynamics, particularly in head-only animation scenarios. Besides, extending to accommodate diverse body proportions usually leads to visual inconsistencies or unnatural articulations. To address these challenges, SkyReels-A1 capitalizes on the strong generative capabilities of video DiT, enhancing facial motion transfer precision, identity retention, and temporal coherence. The system incorporates an expression-aware conditioning module that enables seamless video synthesis driven by expression-guided landmark inputs. Integrating the facial image-text alignment module strengthens the fusion of facial attributes with motion trajectories, reinforcing identity preservation. Additionally, SkyReels-A1 incorporates a multi-stage training paradigm to incrementally refine the correlation between expressions and motion while ensuring stable identity reproduction. Extensive empirical evaluations highlight the model's ability to produce visually coherent and compositionally diverse results, making it highly applicable to domains such as virtual avatars, remote communication, and digital media generation.
Super Resolution image reconstructs via total variation-based image deconvolution: a majorization-minimization approach
Authors: Mouhamad Chehaitly
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Deconvolution, Optical Flow Estimation, Super-Resolution

This work aims to reconstruct image sequences with Total Variation regularity in super-resolution. We consider, in particular, images of scenes for which the point-to-point image transformation is a plane projective transformation. We first describe the super-resolution image's imaging observation model, an interpolation and Fusion estimator, and Projection on Convex Sets. We explain motion and compute the optical flow of a sequence of images using the Horn-Shunck algorithm to estimate motion. We then propose a Total Variation regulazer via a Majorization-Minimization approach to obtain a suitable result. Super Resolution restoration from motion measurements is also discussed. Finally, the simulation's part demonstrates the power of the proposed methodology. As expected, this model does not give real-time results, as seen in the numerical experiments section, but it is the cornerstone for future approaches. Finally, the simulation's part demonstrates the power of the proposed methodology. As expected, this model does not give real-time results, as seen in the numerical experiments section, but it is the cornerstone for future approaches.
RemInD: Remembering Anatomical Variations for Interpretable Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Xin Wang, Yin Guo, Kaiyu Zhang, Niranjan Balu, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Linda Shapiro, Chun Yuan
Date: 2025-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Domain Adaptation, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

This work presents a novel Bayesian framework for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) in medical image segmentation. While prior works have explored this clinically significant task using various strategies of domain alignment, they often lack an explicit and explainable mechanism to ensure that target image features capture meaningful structural information. Besides, these methods are prone to the curse of dimensionality, inevitably leading to challenges in interpretability and computational efficiency. To address these limitations, we propose RemInD, a framework inspired by human adaptation. RemInD learns a domain-agnostic latent manifold, characterized by several anchors, to memorize anatomical variations. By mapping images onto this manifold as weighted anchor averages, our approach ensures realistic and reliable predictions. This design mirrors how humans develop representative components to understand images and then retrieve component combinations from memory to guide segmentation. Notably, model prediction is determined by two explainable factors: a low-dimensional anchor weight vector, and a spatial deformation. This design facilitates computationally efficient and geometry-adherent adaptation by aligning weight vectors between domains on a probability simplex. Experiments on two public datasets, encompassing cardiac and abdominal imaging, demonstrate the superiority of RemInD, which achieves state-of-the-art performance using a single alignment approach, outperforming existing methods that often rely on multiple complex alignment strategies.