pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Hyperspectral Pansharpening Using Hysteresis-Based Tuning for Spectral Quality Control
Authors: Giuseppe Guarino, Matteo Ciotola, Gemine Vivone, Giovanni Poggi, Giuseppe Scarpa
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Pansharpening

Hyperspectral pansharpening has received much attention in recent years due to technological and methodological advances that open the door to new application scenarios. However, research on this topic is only now gaining momentum. The most popular methods are still borrowed from the more mature field of multispectral pansharpening and often overlook the unique challenges posed by hyperspectral data fusion, such as i) the very large number of bands, ii) the overwhelming noise in selected spectral ranges, iii) the significant spectral mismatch between panchromatic and hyperspectral components, iv) a typically high resolution ratio. Imprecise data modeling especially affects spectral fidelity. Even state-of-the-art methods perform well in certain spectral ranges and much worse in others, failing to ensure consistent quality across all bands, with the risk of generating unreliable results. Here, we propose a hyperspectral pansharpening method that explicitly addresses this problem and ensures uniform spectral quality. To this end, a single lightweight neural network is used, with weights that adapt on the fly to each band. During fine-tuning, the spatial loss is turned on and off to ensure a fast convergence of the spectral loss to the desired level, according to a hysteresis-like dynamic. Furthermore, the spatial loss itself is appropriately redefined to account for nonlinear dependencies between panchromatic and spectral bands. Overall, the proposed method is fully unsupervised, with no prior training on external data, flexible, and low-complexity. Experiments on a recently published benchmarking toolbox show that it ensures excellent sharpening quality, competitive with the state-of-the-art, consistently across all bands. The software code and the full set of results are shared online on https://github.com/giu-guarino/rho-PNN.
Pose-invariant face recognition via feature-space pose frontalization
Authors: Nikolay Stanishev, Yuhang Lu, Touradj Ebrahimi
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Recognition, Robust Face Recognition

Pose-invariant face recognition has become a challenging problem for modern AI-based face recognition systems. It aims at matching a profile face captured in the wild with a frontal face registered in a database. Existing methods perform face frontalization via either generative models or learning a pose robust feature representation. In this paper, a new method is presented to perform face frontalization and recognition within the feature space. First, a novel feature space pose frontalization module (FSPFM) is proposed to transform profile images with arbitrary angles into frontal counterparts. Second, a new training paradigm is proposed to maximize the potential of FSPFM and boost its performance. The latter consists of a pre-training and an attention-guided fine-tuning stage. Moreover, extensive experiments have been conducted on five popular face recognition benchmarks. Results show that not only our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in the pose-invariant face recognition task but also maintains superior performance in other standard scenarios.
Quantum-Driven Multihead Inland Waterbody Detection With Transformer-Encoded CYGNSS Delay-Doppler Map Data
Authors: Chia-Hsiang Lin, Jhao-Ting Lin, Po-Ying Chiu, Shih-Ping Chen, Charles C. H. Lin
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Change Detection

Inland waterbody detection (IWD) is critical for water resources management and agricultural planning. However, the development of high-fidelity IWD mapping technology remains unresolved. We aim to propose a practical solution based on the easily accessible data, i.e., the delay-Doppler map (DDM) provided by NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), which facilitates effective estimation of physical parameters on the Earth's surface with high temporal resolution and wide spatial coverage. Specifically, as quantum deep network (QUEEN) has revealed its strong proficiency in addressing classification-like tasks, we encode the DDM using a customized transformer, followed by feeding the transformer-encoded DDM (tDDM) into a highly entangled QUEEN to distinguish whether the tDDM corresponds to a hydrological region. In recent literature, QUEEN has achieved outstanding performances in numerous challenging remote sensing tasks (e.g., hyperspectral restoration, change detection, and mixed noise removal, etc.), and its high effectiveness stems from the fundamentally different way it adopts to extract features (the so-called quantum unitary-computing features). The meticulously designed IWD-QUEEN retrieves high-precision river textures, such as those in Amazon River Basin in South America, demonstrating its superiority over traditional classification methods and existing global hydrography maps. IWD-QUEEN, together with its parallel quantum multihead scheme, works in a near-real-time manner (i.e., millisecond-level computing per DDM). To broaden accessibility for users of traditional computers, we also provide the non-quantum counterpart of our method, called IWD-Transformer, thereby increasing the impact of this work.
PCMamba: Physics-Informed Cross-Modal State Space Model for Dual-Camera Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Ge Meng, Zhongnan Cai, Jingyan Tu, Yingying Wang, Chenxin Li, Yue Huang, Xinghao Ding
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Inductive Bias, Mamba

Panchromatic (PAN) -assisted Dual-Camera Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging (DCCHI) is a key technology in snapshot hyperspectral imaging. Existing research primarily focuses on exploring spectral information from 2D compressive measurements and spatial information from PAN images in an explicit manner, leading to a bottleneck in HSI reconstruction. Various physical factors, such as temperature, emissivity, and multiple reflections between objects, play a critical role in the process of a sensor acquiring hyperspectral thermal signals. Inspired by this, we attempt to investigate the interrelationships between physical properties to provide deeper theoretical insights for HSI reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a Physics-Informed Cross-Modal State Space Model Network (PCMamba) for DCCHI, which incorporates the forward physical imaging process of HSI into the linear complexity of Mamba to facilitate lightweight and high-quality HSI reconstruction. Specifically, we analyze the imaging process of hyperspectral thermal signals to enable the network to disentangle the three key physical properties-temperature, emissivity, and texture. By fully exploiting the potential information embedded in 2D measurements and PAN images, the HSIs are reconstructed through a physics-driven synthesis process. Furthermore, we design a Cross-Modal Scanning Mamba Block (CSMB) that introduces inter-modal pixel-wise interaction with positional inductive bias by cross-scanning the backbone features and PAN features. Extensive experiments conducted on both real and simulated datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms SOTA methods in both quantitative and qualitative metrics.
Paired and Unpaired Image to Image Translation using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Gaurav Kumar, Soham Satyadharma, Harpreet Singh
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Image-to-Image Translation, Translation

Image to image translation is an active area of research in the field of computer vision, enabling the generation of new images with different styles, textures, or resolutions while preserving their characteristic properties. Recent architectures leverage Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to transform input images from one domain to another. In this work, we focus on the study of both paired and unpaired image translation across multiple image domains. For the paired task, we used a conditional GAN model, and for the unpaired task, we trained it using cycle consistency loss. We experimented with different types of loss functions, multiple Patch-GAN sizes, and model architectures. New quantitative metrics - precision, recall, and FID score - were used for analysis. In addition, a qualitative study of the results of different experiments was conducted.
Generative Latent Coding for Ultra-Low Bitrate Image and Video Compression
Authors: Linfeng Qi, Zhaoyang Jia, Jiahao Li, Bin Li, Houqiang Li, Yan Lu
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Compression, Video Compression

Most existing approaches for image and video compression perform transform coding in the pixel space to reduce redundancy. However, due to the misalignment between the pixel-space distortion and human perception, such schemes often face the difficulties in achieving both high-realism and high-fidelity at ultra-low bitrate. To solve this problem, we propose \textbf{G}enerative \textbf{L}atent \textbf{C}oding (\textbf{GLC}) models for image and video compression, termed GLC-image and GLC-Video. The transform coding of GLC is conducted in the latent space of a generative vector-quantized variational auto-encoder (VQ-VAE). Compared to the pixel-space, such a latent space offers greater sparsity, richer semantics and better alignment with human perception, and show its advantages in achieving high-realism and high-fidelity compression. To further enhance performance, we improve the hyper prior by introducing a spatial categorical hyper module in GLC-image and a spatio-temporal categorical hyper module in GLC-video. Additionally, the code-prediction-based loss function is proposed to enhance the semantic consistency. Experiments demonstrate that our scheme shows high visual quality at ultra-low bitrate for both image and video compression. For image compression, GLC-image achieves an impressive bitrate of less than $0.04$ bpp, achieving the same FID as previous SOTA model MS-ILLM while using $45\%$ fewer bitrate on the CLIC 2020 test set. For video compression, GLC-video achieves 65.3\% bitrate saving over PLVC in terms of DISTS.
Compressing Human Body Video with Interactive Semantics: A Generative Approach
Authors: Bolin Chen, Shanzhi Yin, Hanwei Zhu, Lingyu Zhu, Zihan Zhang, Jie Chen, Ru-Ling Liao, Shiqi Wang, Yan Ye
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Video Reconstruction

In this paper, we propose to compress human body video with interactive semantics, which can facilitate video coding to be interactive and controllable by manipulating semantic-level representations embedded in the coded bitstream. In particular, the proposed encoder employs a 3D human model to disentangle nonlinear dynamics and complex motion of human body signal into a series of configurable embeddings, which are controllably edited, compactly compressed, and efficiently transmitted. Moreover, the proposed decoder can evolve the mesh-based motion fields from these decoded semantics to realize the high-quality human body video reconstruction. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed framework can achieve promising compression performance for human body videos at ultra-low bitrate ranges compared with the state-of-the-art video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC) and the latest generative compression schemes. Furthermore, the proposed framework enables interactive human body video coding without any additional pre-/post-manipulation processes, which is expected to shed light on metaverse-related digital human communication in the future.
OSCAR: One-Step Diffusion Codec for Image Compression Across Multiple Bit-rates
Authors: Jinpei Guo, Yifei Ji, Zheng Chen, Kai Liu, Min Liu, Wang Rao, Wenbo Li, Yong Guo, Yulun Zhang
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image Compression

Pretrained latent diffusion models have shown strong potential for lossy image compression, owing to their powerful generative priors. Most existing diffusion-based methods reconstruct images by iteratively denoising from random noise, guided by compressed latent representations. While these approaches have achieved high reconstruction quality, their multi-step sampling process incurs substantial computational overhead. Moreover, they typically require training separate models for different compression bit-rates, leading to significant training and storage costs. To address these challenges, we propose a one-step diffusion codec across multiple bit-rates. termed OSCAR. Specifically, our method views compressed latents as noisy variants of the original latents, where the level of distortion depends on the bit-rate. This perspective allows them to be modeled as intermediate states along a diffusion trajectory. By establishing a mapping from the compression bit-rate to a pseudo diffusion timestep, we condition a single generative model to support reconstructions at multiple bit-rates. Meanwhile, we argue that the compressed latents retain rich structural information, thereby making one-step denoising feasible. Thus, OSCAR replaces iterative sampling with a single denoising pass, significantly improving inference efficiency. Extensive experiments demonstrate that OSCAR achieves superior performance in both quantitative and visual quality metrics. The code and models will be released at https://github.com/jp-guo/OSCAR.
Comprehensive Lung Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Models and Hybrid Chest X-ray Data with Explainable AI
Authors: Shuvashis Sarker, Shamim Rahim Refat, Faika Fairuj Preotee, Tanvir Rouf Shawon, Raihan Tanvir
Date: 2025-05-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Transfer Learning

Advanced diagnostic instruments are crucial for the accurate detection and treatment of lung diseases, which affect millions of individuals globally. This study examines the effectiveness of deep learning and transfer learning models using a hybrid dataset, created by merging four individual datasets from Bangladesh and global sources. The hybrid dataset significantly enhances model accuracy and generalizability, particularly in detecting COVID-19, pneumonia, lung opacity, and normal lung conditions from chest X-ray images. A range of models, including CNN, VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, Xception, ResNet50V2, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121, were applied to both individual and hybrid datasets. The results showed superior performance on the hybrid dataset, with VGG16, Xception, ResNet50V2, and DenseNet121 each achieving an accuracy of 99%. This consistent performance across the hybrid dataset highlights the robustness of these models in handling diverse data while maintaining high accuracy. To understand the models implicit behavior, explainable AI techniques were employed to illuminate their black-box nature. Specifically, LIME was used to enhance the interpretability of model predictions, especially in cases of misclassification, contributing to the development of reliable and interpretable AI-driven solutions for medical imaging.
OWP-IMU: An RSS-based Optical Wireless and IMU Indoor Positioning Dataset
Authors: Fan Wu, Jorik De Bruycker, Daan Delabie, Nobby Stevens, Francois Rottenberg, Lieven De Strycker
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Indoor Localization

Received signal strength (RSS)-based optical wireless positioning (OWP) systems are becoming popular for indoor localization because they are low-cost and accurate. However, few open-source datasets are available to test and analyze RSS-based OWP systems. In this paper, we collected RSS values at a sampling frequency of 27 Hz, inertial measurement unit (IMU) at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz and the ground truth at a sampling frequency of 160 Hz in two indoor environments. One environment has no obstacles, and the other has a metal column as an obstacle to represent a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario. We recorded data with a vehicle at three different speeds (low, medium and high). The dataset includes over 110 k data points and covers more than 80 min. We also provide benchmark tests to show localization performance using only RSS-based OWP and improve accuracy by combining IMU data via extended kalman filter. The dataset OWP-IMU is open source1 to support further research on indoor localization methods.
Chirp Delay-Doppler Domain Modulation: A New Paradigm of Integrated Sensing and Communication for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Zhuoran Li, Shufeng Tan, Zhen Gao, Yi Tao, Zhonghuai Wu, Zhongxiang Li, Chun Hu, Dezhi Zheng
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Autonomous Vehicles, Integrated sensing and communication, ISAC

Autonomous driving is reshaping the way humans travel, with millimeter wave (mmWave) radar playing a crucial role in this transformation to enabe vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Although chirp is widely used in mmWave radar systems for its strong sensing capabilities, the lack of integrated communication functions in existing systems may limit further advancement of autonomous driving. In light of this, we first design ``dedicated chirps" tailored for sensing chirp signals in the environment, facilitating the identification of idle time-frequency resources. Based on these dedicated chirps, we propose a chirp-division multiple access (Chirp-DMA) scheme, enabling multiple pairs of mmWave radar transceivers to perform integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) without interference. Subsequently, we propose two chirp-based delay-Doppler domain modulation schemes that enable each pair of mmWave radar transceivers to simultaneously sense and communicate within their respective time-frequency resource blocks. The modulation schemes are based on different multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar schemes: the time division multiplexing (TDM)-based scheme offers higher communication rates, while the Doppler division multiplexing (DDM)-based scheme is suitable for working in a lower signal-to-noise ratio range. We then validate the effectiveness of the proposed DDM-based scheme through simulations. Finally, we present some challenges and issues that need to be addressed to advance ISAC in V2X for better autonomous driving. Simulation codes are provided to reproduce the results in this paper: \href{https://github.com/LiZhuoRan0/2025-IEEE-Network-ChirpDelayDopplerModulationISAC}{https://github.com/LiZhuoRan0}.
Optimized Energy Harvesting in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Using Markov Process Evolution
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan Mumtaz, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Hien Quoc Ngo, Michail Matthaiou
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00

This paper investigates a discrete energy state transition model for energy harvesting (EH) in cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) networks. A Markov chain-based stochastic process is conceived to characterize the temporal evolution of the user equipment (UE) energy level by leveraging state transition probabilities (STP) based on the energy differential ($\Delta E$) between the EH and consumed energy within each coherence interval. Tractable mathematical relationships are derived for the STP cases using a new stochastic model of non-linear EH, approximated using a Gamma distribution. This derivation leverages closed-form expressions for the mean and variance of the harvested energy. To improve the positive STP of the minimum energy UE among all network UEs, we aim to maximize the $\Delta E$ for this UE using two power allocation (PA) schemes. The first scheme is a heuristic PA using the relative channel characteristics to this UE from all access points (APs). The second scheme is the optimized PA based on the solution of a second-order conic problem to maximize the $\Delta E$ using a responsive primal-dual interior point method (PD-IPM) algorithm with modified backtracking line-search, iterating over multiple PA periods. Our simulation results illustrate that both the proposed PA schemes enhance the dynamic minimum UE energy level by around four-fold over full power control, along with the performance improvement attributed to spatial resource diversification of CF-mMIMO systems.
Synthesis of Ventilator Dyssynchrony Waveforms using a Hybrid Generative Model and a Lung Model
Authors: Sagar Deep Deb, Suvakash Dey, Deepak K. Agrawal
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Generative Adversarial Network, model

Ventilator dyssynchrony (VD) is often described as a mismatch between a patient breathing effort and the ventilator support during mechanical ventilation. This mismatch is often associated with an increased risk of lung injury and longer hospital stays. The manual VD detection method is unreliable and requires considerable effort from medical professionals. Automating this process requires a computational pipeline that can identify VD breaths from continuous waveform signals. For that, while various machine learning (ML) models have been proposed, their accuracy is often limited due to the unavailability of a large, well-annotated VD waveform dataset. This paper presents a new approach combining mathematical and deep generative models to generate synthetic, clinically relevant VD waveforms. The mathematical model, which we call the VD lung ventilator model (VDLV), can accurately replicate clinically observable deformation in the pressure and volume waveforms. These temporal deformations are hypothesized to be related to specific VD breaths. We leverage the VDLV model to produce training waveform datasets covering normal and various VD breaths. These datasets are further diversified using deep learning models such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Conditional GAN (cGAN). The performance of both GAN and cGAN models is assessed through quantitative metrics, demonstrating that this hybrid approach effectively creates realistic and diverse VD waveforms. Notably, the pressure and volume cGAN models enable the generation of more precise and targeted VD signals. These improved synthetic waveform datasets have the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy and robustness of VD detection algorithms.
Large-Scale Bayesian Tensor Reconstruction: An Approximate Message Passing Solution
Authors: Bingyang Cheng, Zhongtao Chen, Yichen Jin, Hao Zhang, Chen Zhang, Edmud Y. Lam, Yik-Chung Wu
Date: 2025-05-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Uncertainty Quantification

Tensor CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CPD) is a fundamental model for tensor reconstruction. Although the Bayesian framework allows for principled uncertainty quantification and automatic hyperparameter learning, existing methods do not scale well for large tensors because of high-dimensional matrix inversions. To this end, we introduce CP-GAMP, a scalable Bayesian CPD algorithm. This algorithm leverages generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) to avoid matrix inversions and incorporates an expectation-maximization routine to jointly infer the tensor rank and noise power. Through multiple experiments, for synthetic 100x100x100 rank 20 tensors with only 20% elements observed, the proposed algorithm reduces runtime by 82.7% compared to the state-of-the-art variational Bayesian CPD method, while maintaining comparable reconstruction accuracy.