pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Reasoning is All You Need for Video Generalization: A Counterfactual Benchmark with Sub-question Evaluation
Authors: Qiji Zhou, Yifan Gong, Guangsheng Bao, Hongjie Qiu, Jinqiang Li, Xiangrong Zhu, Huajian Zhang, Yue Zhang
Date: 2025-03-12 00:00:00
Tasks: All, counterfactual, Counterfactual Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, Video Understanding

Counterfactual reasoning is crucial for robust video understanding but remains underexplored in existing multimodal benchmarks. In this paper, we introduce \textbf{COVER} (\textbf{\underline{CO}}unterfactual \textbf{\underline{V}}id\textbf{\underline{E}}o \textbf{\underline{R}}easoning), a multidimensional multimodal benchmark that systematically evaluates MLLMs across the abstract-concrete and perception-cognition dimensions. Beyond prior multimodal benchmarks, COVER decomposes complex queries into structured sub-questions, enabling fine-grained reasoning analysis. Experiments on commercial and open-source models reveal a strong correlation between sub-question accuracy and counterfactual reasoning performance, highlighting the role of structured inference in video understanding. Furthermore, our results suggest a key insight: enhancing the reasoning capability of models is essential for improving the robustness of video understanding. COVER establishes a new standard for assessing MLLMs' logical reasoning abilities in dynamic environments.
Enhanced Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models with Model Fusion
Authors: Haoyuan Gao, Zicong Zhang, Yuqi Wei, Linglan Zhao, Guilin Li, Yexin Li, Linghe Kong, Weiran Huang
Date: 2025-03-12 00:00:00
Tasks: Continual Learning, parameter-efficient fine-tuning

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) represent a breakthrough in artificial intelligence by integrating visual and textual modalities to achieve impressive zero-shot capabilities. However, VLMs are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting when sequentially fine-tuned on multiple downstream tasks. Existing continual learning methods for VLMs often rely heavily on additional reference datasets, compromise zero-shot performance, or are limited to parameter-efficient fine-tuning scenarios. In this paper, we propose Continual Decoupling-Unifying (ConDU), a novel approach, by introducing model fusion into continual learning for VLMs. ConDU maintains a unified model along with task triggers and prototype sets, employing an iterative process of decoupling task-specific models for previous tasks and unifying them with the model for the newly learned task. Additionally, we introduce an inference strategy for zero-shot scenarios by aggregating predictions from multiple decoupled task-specific models. Extensive experiments across various settings show that ConDU achieves up to a 2\% improvement in average performance across all seen tasks compared to state-of-the-art baselines, while also enhancing zero-shot capabilities relative to the original VLM.
HiCMamba: Enhancing Hi-C Resolution and Identifying 3D Genome Structures with State Space Modeling
Authors: Minghao Yang, Zhi-An Huang, Zhihang Zheng, Yuqiao Liu, Shichen Zhang, Pengfei Zhang, Hui Xiong, Shaojun Tang
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00

Hi-C technology measures genome-wide interaction frequencies, providing a powerful tool for studying the 3D genomic structure within the nucleus. However, high sequencing costs and technical challenges often result in Hi-C data with limited coverage, leading to imprecise estimates of chromatin interaction frequencies. To address this issue, we present a novel deep learning-based method HiCMamba to enhance the resolution of Hi-C contact maps using a state space model. We adopt the UNet-based auto-encoder architecture to stack the proposed holistic scan block, enabling the perception of both global and local receptive fields at multiple scales. Experimental results demonstrate that HiCMamba outperforms state-of-the-art methods while significantly reducing computational resources. Furthermore, the 3D genome structures, including topologically associating domains (TADs) and loops, identified in the contact maps recovered by HiCMamba are validated through associated epigenomic features. Our work demonstrates the potential of a state space model as foundational frameworks in the field of Hi-C resolution enhancement.
Long-Video Audio Synthesis with Multi-Agent Collaboration
Authors: Yehang Zhang, Xinli Xu, Xiaojie Xu, Li Liu, Yingcong Chen
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Audio Synthesis, Scene Segmentation, Script Generation

Video-to-audio synthesis, which generates synchronized audio for visual content, critically enhances viewer immersion and narrative coherence in film and interactive media. However, video-to-audio dubbing for long-form content remains an unsolved challenge due to dynamic semantic shifts, temporal misalignment, and the absence of dedicated datasets. While existing methods excel in short videos, they falter in long scenarios (e.g., movies) due to fragmented synthesis and inadequate cross-scene consistency. We propose LVAS-Agent, a novel multi-agent framework that emulates professional dubbing workflows through collaborative role specialization. Our approach decomposes long-video synthesis into four steps including scene segmentation, script generation, sound design and audio synthesis. Central innovations include a discussion-correction mechanism for scene/script refinement and a generation-retrieval loop for temporal-semantic alignment. To enable systematic evaluation, we introduce LVAS-Bench, the first benchmark with 207 professionally curated long videos spanning diverse scenarios. Experiments demonstrate superior audio-visual alignment over baseline methods.
Leveraging Vision-Language Embeddings for Zero-Shot Learning in Histopathology Images
Authors: Md Mamunur Rahaman, Ewan K. A. Millar, Erik Meijering
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, image-classification, Image Classification, zero-shot-classification, Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-shot learning holds tremendous potential for histopathology image analysis by enabling models to generalize to unseen classes without extensive labeled data. Recent advancements in vision-language models (VLMs) have expanded the capabilities of ZSL, allowing models to perform tasks without task-specific fine-tuning. However, applying VLMs to histopathology presents considerable challenges due to the complexity of histopathological imagery and the nuanced nature of diagnostic tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called Multi-Resolution Prompt-guided Hybrid Embedding (MR-PHE) to address these challenges in zero-shot histopathology image classification. MR-PHE leverages multiresolution patch extraction to mimic the diagnostic workflow of pathologists, capturing both fine-grained cellular details and broader tissue structures critical for accurate diagnosis. We introduce a hybrid embedding strategy that integrates global image embeddings with weighted patch embeddings, effectively combining local and global contextual information. Additionally, we develop a comprehensive prompt generation and selection framework, enriching class descriptions with domain-specific synonyms and clinically relevant features to enhance semantic understanding. A similarity-based patch weighting mechanism assigns attention-like weights to patches based on their relevance to class embeddings, emphasizing diagnostically important regions during classification. Our approach utilizes pretrained VLM, CONCH for ZSL without requiring domain-specific fine-tuning, offering scalability and reducing dependence on large annotated datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that MR-PHE not only significantly improves zero-shot classification performance on histopathology datasets but also often surpasses fully supervised models.
Sparse Dictionary Learning for Image Recovery by Iterative Shrinkage
Authors: Shima Shabani, Mohammadsadegh Khoshghiaferezaee, Michael Breuß
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Denoising, Dictionary Learning

In this paper we study the sparse coding problem in the context of sparse dictionary learning for image recovery. To this end, we consider and compare several state-of-the-art sparse optimization methods constructed using the shrinkage operation. As the mathematical setting of these methods, we consider an online approach as algorithmical basis together with the basis pursuit denoising problem that arises by the convex optimization approach to the dictionary learning problem. By a dedicated construction of datasets and corresponding dictionaries, we study the effect of enlarging the underlying learning database on reconstruction quality making use of several error measures. Our study illuminates that the choice of the optimization method may be practically important in the context of availability of training data. In the context of different settings for training data as may be considered part of our study, we illuminate the computational efficiency of the assessed optimization methods.
Subnet-Aware Dynamic Supernet Training for Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Jeimin Jeon, Youngmin Oh, Junghyup Lee, Donghyeon Baek, Dohyung Kim, Chanho Eom, Bumsub Ham
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Neural Architecture Search

N-shot neural architecture search (NAS) exploits a supernet containing all candidate subnets for a given search space. The subnets are typically trained with a static training strategy (e.g., using the same learning rate (LR) scheduler and optimizer for all subnets). This, however, does not consider that individual subnets have distinct characteristics, leading to two problems: (1) The supernet training is biased towards the low-complexity subnets (unfairness); (2) the momentum update in the supernet is noisy (noisy momentum). We present a dynamic supernet training technique to address these problems by adjusting the training strategy adaptive to the subnets. Specifically, we introduce a complexity-aware LR scheduler (CaLR) that controls the decay ratio of LR adaptive to the complexities of subnets, which alleviates the unfairness problem. We also present a momentum separation technique (MS). It groups the subnets with similar structural characteristics and uses a separate momentum for each group, avoiding the noisy momentum problem. Our approach can be applicable to various N-shot NAS methods with marginal cost, while improving the search performance drastically. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on various search spaces (e.g., NAS-Bench-201, Mobilenet spaces) and datasets (e.g., CIFAR-10/100, ImageNet).
Clothes-Changing Person Re-identification Based On Skeleton Dynamics
Authors: Asaf Joseph, Shmuel Peleg
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Clothes Changing Person Re-Identification, Person Re-Identification, Pose Estimation

Clothes-Changing Person Re-Identification (ReID) aims to recognize the same individual across different videos captured at various times and locations. This task is particularly challenging due to changes in appearance, such as clothing, hairstyle, and accessories. We propose a Clothes-Changing ReID method that uses only skeleton data and does not use appearance features. Traditional ReID methods often depend on appearance features, leading to decreased accuracy when clothing changes. Our approach utilizes a spatio-temporal Graph Convolution Network (GCN) encoder to generate a skeleton-based descriptor for each individual. During testing, we improve accuracy by aggregating predictions from multiple segments of a video clip. Evaluated on the CCVID dataset with several different pose estimation models, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, offering a robust and efficient solution for Clothes-Changing ReID.
FlowTok: Flowing Seamlessly Across Text and Image Tokens
Authors: Ju He, Qihang Yu, Qihao Liu, Liang-Chieh Chen
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image to text, Scheduling, Text Generation

Bridging different modalities lies at the heart of cross-modality generation. While conventional approaches treat the text modality as a conditioning signal that gradually guides the denoising process from Gaussian noise to the target image modality, we explore a much simpler paradigm-directly evolving between text and image modalities through flow matching. This requires projecting both modalities into a shared latent space, which poses a significant challenge due to their inherently different representations: text is highly semantic and encoded as 1D tokens, whereas images are spatially redundant and represented as 2D latent embeddings. To address this, we introduce FlowTok, a minimal framework that seamlessly flows across text and images by encoding images into a compact 1D token representation. Compared to prior methods, this design reduces the latent space size by 3.3x at an image resolution of 256, eliminating the need for complex conditioning mechanisms or noise scheduling. Moreover, FlowTok naturally extends to image-to-text generation under the same formulation. With its streamlined architecture centered around compact 1D tokens, FlowTok is highly memory-efficient, requires significantly fewer training resources, and achieves much faster sampling speeds-all while delivering performance comparable to state-of-the-art models. Code will be available at https://github.com/bytedance/1d-tokenizer.
HeightFormer: Learning Height Prediction in Voxel Features for Roadside Vision Centric 3D Object Detection via Transformer
Authors: Zhang Zhang, Chao Sun, Chao Yue, Da Wen, Yujie Chen, Tianze Wang, Jianghao Leng
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Autonomous Vehicles, object-detection, Object Detection

Roadside vision centric 3D object detection has received increasing attention in recent years. It expands the perception range of autonomous vehicles, enhances the road safety. Previous methods focused on predicting per-pixel height rather than depth, making significant gains in roadside visual perception. While it is limited by the perspective property of near-large and far-small on image features, making it difficult for network to understand real dimension of objects in the 3D world. BEV features and voxel features present the real distribution of objects in 3D world compared to the image features. However, BEV features tend to lose details due to the lack of explicit height information, and voxel features are computationally expensive. Inspired by this insight, an efficient framework learning height prediction in voxel features via transformer is proposed, dubbed HeightFormer. It groups the voxel features into local height sequences, and utilize attention mechanism to obtain height distribution prediction. Subsequently, the local height sequences are reassembled to generate accurate 3D features. The proposed method is applied to two large-scale roadside benchmarks, DAIR-V2X-I and Rope3D. Extensive experiments are performed and the HeightFormer outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in roadside vision centric 3D object detection task.
The Power of One: A Single Example is All it Takes for Segmentation in VLMs
Authors: Mir Rayat Imtiaz Hossain, Mennatullah Siam, Leonid Sigal, James J. Little
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: All, object-detection, Object Detection, Prompt Engineering, Segmentation, Zero-Shot Object Detection

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs), trained on extensive datasets of image-text pairs, exhibit strong multimodal understanding capabilities by implicitly learning associations between textual descriptions and image regions. This emergent ability enables zero-shot object detection and segmentation, using techniques that rely on text-image attention maps, without necessarily training on abundant labeled segmentation datasets. However, performance of such methods depends heavily on prompt engineering and manually selected layers or head choices for the attention layers. In this work, we demonstrate that, rather than relying solely on textual prompts, providing a single visual example for each category and fine-tuning the text-to-image attention layers and embeddings significantly improves the performance. Additionally, we propose learning an ensemble through few-shot fine-tuning across multiple layers and/or prompts. An entropy-based ranking and selection mechanism for text-to-image attention layers is proposed to identify the top-performing layers without the need for segmentation labels. This eliminates the need for hyper-parameter selection of text-to-image attention layers, providing a more flexible and scalable solution for open-vocabulary segmentation. We show that this approach yields strong zero-shot performance, further enhanced through fine-tuning with a single visual example. Moreover, we demonstrate that our method and findings are general and can be applied across various vision-language models (VLMs).
Large-scale Pre-training for Grounded Video Caption Generation
Authors: Evangelos Kazakos, Cordelia Schmid, Josef Sivic
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Caption Generation, Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding

We propose a novel approach for captioning and object grounding in video, where the objects in the caption are grounded in the video via temporally dense bounding boxes. We introduce the following contributions. First, we present a large-scale automatic annotation method that aggregates captions grounded with bounding boxes across individual frames into temporally dense and consistent bounding box annotations. We apply this approach on the HowTo100M dataset to construct a large-scale pre-training dataset, named HowToGround1M. We also introduce a Grounded Video Caption Generation model, dubbed GROVE, and pre-train the model on HowToGround1M. Second, we introduce a new dataset, called iGround, of 3500 videos with manually annotated captions and dense spatio-temporally grounded bounding boxes. This allows us to measure progress on this challenging problem, as well as to fine-tune our model on this small-scale but high-quality data. Third, we demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the proposed iGround dataset compared to a number of baselines, as well as on the VidSTG and ActivityNet-Entities datasets. We perform extensive ablations that demonstrate the importance of pre-training using our automatically annotated HowToGround1M dataset followed by fine-tuning on the manually annotated iGround dataset and validate the key technical contributions of our model.
Dual Codebook VQ: Enhanced Image Reconstruction with Reduced Codebook Size
Authors: Parisa Boodaghi Malidarreh, Jillur Rahman Saurav, Thuong Le Hoai Pham, Amir Hajighasemi, Anahita Samadi, Saurabh Shrinivas Maydeo, Mohammad Sadegh Nasr, Jacob M. Luber
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Reconstruction, Image Reconstruction, Quantization

Vector Quantization (VQ) techniques face significant challenges in codebook utilization, limiting reconstruction fidelity in image modeling. We introduce a Dual Codebook mechanism that effectively addresses this limitation by partitioning the representation into complementary global and local components. The global codebook employs a lightweight transformer for concurrent updates of all code vectors, while the local codebook maintains precise feature representation through deterministic selection. This complementary approach is trained from scratch without requiring pre-trained knowledge. Experimental evaluation across multiple standard benchmark datasets demonstrates state-of-the-art reconstruction quality while using a compact codebook of size 512 - half the size of previous methods that require pre-training. Our approach achieves significant FID improvements across diverse image domains, particularly excelling in scene and face reconstruction tasks. These results establish Dual Codebook VQ as an efficient paradigm for high-fidelity image reconstruction with significantly reduced computational requirements.
TAIJI: Textual Anchoring for Immunizing Jailbreak Images in Vision Language Models
Authors: Xiangyu Yin, Yi Qi, Jinwei Hu, Zhen Chen, Yi Dong, Xingyu Zhao, Xiaowei Huang, Wenjie Ruan
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive inference capabilities, but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmful or unethical responses. Existing defence methods are predominantly white-box approaches that require access to model parameters and extensive modifications, making them costly and impractical for many real-world scenarios. Although some black-box defences have been proposed, they often impose input constraints or require multiple queries, limiting their effectiveness in safety-critical tasks such as autonomous driving. To address these challenges, we propose a novel black-box defence framework called \textbf{T}extual \textbf{A}nchoring for \textbf{I}mmunizing \textbf{J}ailbreak \textbf{I}mages (\textbf{TAIJI}). TAIJI leverages key phrase-based textual anchoring to enhance the model's ability to assess and mitigate the harmful content embedded within both visual and textual prompts. Unlike existing methods, TAIJI operates effectively with a single query during inference, while preserving the VLM's performance on benign tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TAIJI significantly enhances the safety and reliability of VLMs, providing a practical and efficient solution for real-world deployment.
Trajectory Mamba: Efficient Attention-Mamba Forecasting Model Based on Selective SSM
Authors: Yizhou Huang, Yihua Cheng, Kezhi Wang
Date: 2025-03-13 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Decoder, Mamba, motion prediction, Prediction, Trajectory Prediction

Motion prediction is crucial for autonomous driving, as it enables accurate forecasting of future vehicle trajectories based on historical inputs. This paper introduces Trajectory Mamba, a novel efficient trajectory prediction framework based on the selective state-space model (SSM). Conventional attention-based models face the challenge of computational costs that grow quadratically with the number of targets, hindering their application in highly dynamic environments. In response, we leverage the SSM to redesign the self-attention mechanism in the encoder-decoder architecture, thereby achieving linear time complexity. To address the potential reduction in prediction accuracy resulting from modifications to the attention mechanism, we propose a joint polyline encoding strategy to better capture the associations between static and dynamic contexts, ultimately enhancing prediction accuracy. Additionally, to balance prediction accuracy and inference speed, we adopted the decoder that differs entirely from the encoder. Through cross-state space attention, all target agents share the scene context, allowing the SSM to interact with the shared scene representation during decoding, thus inferring different trajectories over the next prediction steps. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of inference speed and parameter efficiency on both the Argoverse 1 and Argoverse 2 datasets. It demonstrates a four-fold reduction in FLOPs compared to existing methods and reduces parameter count by over 40% while surpassing the performance of the vast majority of previous methods. These findings validate the effectiveness of Trajectory Mamba in trajectory prediction tasks.