pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
GeoDiffuser: Geometry-Based Image Editing with Diffusion Models
Authors: Rahul Sajnani, Jeroen Vanbaar, Jie Min, Kapil Katyal, Srinath Sridhar
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Object

The success of image generative models has enabled us to build methods that can edit images based on text or other user input. However, these methods are bespoke, imprecise, require additional information, or are limited to only 2D image edits. We present GeoDiffuser, a zero-shot optimization-based method that unifies common 2D and 3D image-based object editing capabilities into a single method. Our key insight is to view image editing operations as geometric transformations. We show that these transformations can be directly incorporated into the attention layers in diffusion models to implicitly perform editing operations. Our training-free optimization method uses an objective function that seeks to preserve object style but generate plausible images, for instance with accurate lighting and shadows. It also inpaints disoccluded parts of the image where the object was originally located. Given a natural image and user input, we segment the foreground object using SAM and estimate a corresponding transform which is used by our optimization approach for editing. GeoDiffuser can perform common 2D and 3D edits like object translation, 3D rotation, and removal. We present quantitative results, including a perceptual study, that shows how our approach is better than existing methods. Visit https://ivl.cs.brown.edu/research/geodiffuser.html for more information.
SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generation
Authors: Yuying Ge, Sijie Zhao, Jinguo Zhu, Yixiao Ge, Kun Yi, Lin Song, Chen Li, Xiaohan Ding, Ying Shan
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation

The rapid evolution of multimodal foundation model has demonstrated significant progresses in vision-language understanding and generation, e.g., our previous work SEED-LLaMA. However, there remains a gap between its capability and the real-world applicability, primarily due to the model's limited capacity to effectively respond to various user instructions and interact with diverse visual data. In this work, we focus on bridging this gap through integrating two enhanced features: (1) comprehending images of arbitrary sizes and ratios, and (2) enabling multi-granularity image generation. We present a unified and versatile foundation model, namely, SEED-X, which is able to model multi-granularity visual semantics for comprehension and generation tasks. Besides the competitive results on public benchmarks, SEED-X demonstrates its effectiveness in handling real-world applications across various domains after instruction tuning. We hope that our work will inspire future research into what can be achieved by versatile multimodal foundation models in real-world applications. The models, codes, and datasets will be released in https://github.com/AILab-CVC/SEED-X.
STROOBnet Optimization via GPU-Accelerated Proximal Recurrence Strategies
Authors: Ted Edward Holmberg, Mahdi Abdelguerfi, Elias Ioup
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: GPU

Spatiotemporal networks' observational capabilities are crucial for accurate data gathering and informed decisions across multiple sectors. This study focuses on the Spatiotemporal Ranged Observer-Observable Bipartite Network (STROOBnet), linking observational nodes (e.g., surveillance cameras) to events within defined geographical regions, enabling efficient monitoring. Using data from Real-Time Crime Camera (RTCC) systems and Calls for Service (CFS) in New Orleans, where RTCC combats rising crime amidst reduced police presence, we address the network's initial observational imbalances. Aiming for uniform observational efficacy, we propose the Proximal Recurrence approach. It outperformed traditional clustering methods like k-means and DBSCAN by offering holistic event frequency and spatial consideration, enhancing observational coverage.
TAVGBench: Benchmarking Text to Audible-Video Generation
Authors: Yuxin Mao, Xuyang Shen, Jing Zhang, Zhen Qin, Jinxing Zhou, Mochu Xiang, Yiran Zhong, Yuchao Dai
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Contrastive Learning, Video Generation

The Text to Audible-Video Generation (TAVG) task involves generating videos with accompanying audio based on text descriptions. Achieving this requires skillful alignment of both audio and video elements. To support research in this field, we have developed a comprehensive Text to Audible-Video Generation Benchmark (TAVGBench), which contains over 1.7 million clips with a total duration of 11.8 thousand hours. We propose an automatic annotation pipeline to ensure each audible video has detailed descriptions for both its audio and video contents. We also introduce the Audio-Visual Harmoni score (AVHScore) to provide a quantitative measure of the alignment between the generated audio and video modalities. Additionally, we present a baseline model for TAVG called TAVDiffusion, which uses a two-stream latent diffusion model to provide a fundamental starting point for further research in this area. We achieve the alignment of audio and video by employing cross-attention and contrastive learning. Through extensive experiments and evaluations on TAVGBench, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model under both conventional metrics and our proposed metrics.
Scene Coordinate Reconstruction: Posing of Image Collections via Incremental Learning of a Relocalizer
Authors: Eric Brachmann, Jamie Wynn, Shuai Chen, Tommaso Cavallari, Áron Monszpart, Daniyar Turmukhambetov, Victor Adrian Prisacariu
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Incremental Learning, Novel View Synthesis

We address the task of estimating camera parameters from a set of images depicting a scene. Popular feature-based structure-from-motion (SfM) tools solve this task by incremental reconstruction: they repeat triangulation of sparse 3D points and registration of more camera views to the sparse point cloud. We re-interpret incremental structure-from-motion as an iterated application and refinement of a visual relocalizer, that is, of a method that registers new views to the current state of the reconstruction. This perspective allows us to investigate alternative visual relocalizers that are not rooted in local feature matching. We show that scene coordinate regression, a learning-based relocalization approach, allows us to build implicit, neural scene representations from unposed images. Different from other learning-based reconstruction methods, we do not require pose priors nor sequential inputs, and we optimize efficiently over thousands of images. In many cases, our method, ACE0, estimates camera poses with an accuracy close to feature-based SfM, as demonstrated by novel view synthesis. Project page: https://nianticlabs.github.io/acezero/
On-the-Fly Point Annotation for Fast Medical Video Labeling
Authors: Meyer Adrien, Mazellier Jean-Paul, Jeremy Dana, Nicolas Padoy
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00

Purpose: In medical research, deep learning models rely on high-quality annotated data, a process often laborious and timeconsuming. This is particularly true for detection tasks where bounding box annotations are required. The need to adjust two corners makes the process inherently frame-by-frame. Given the scarcity of experts' time, efficient annotation methods suitable for clinicians are needed. Methods: We propose an on-the-fly method for live video annotation to enhance the annotation efficiency. In this approach, a continuous single-point annotation is maintained by keeping the cursor on the object in a live video, mitigating the need for tedious pausing and repetitive navigation inherent in traditional annotation methods. This novel annotation paradigm inherits the point annotation's ability to generate pseudo-labels using a point-to-box teacher model. We empirically evaluate this approach by developing a dataset and comparing on-the-fly annotation time against traditional annotation method. Results: Using our method, annotation speed was 3.2x faster than the traditional annotation technique. We achieved a mean improvement of 6.51 +- 0.98 AP@50 over conventional method at equivalent annotation budgets on the developed dataset. Conclusion: Without bells and whistles, our approach offers a significant speed-up in annotation tasks. It can be easily implemented on any annotation platform to accelerate the integration of deep learning in video-based medical research.
Heterogeneous Face Recognition Using Domain Invariant Units
Authors: Anjith George, Sebastien Marcel
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Recognition, Heterogeneous Face Recognition

Heterogeneous Face Recognition (HFR) aims to expand the applicability of Face Recognition (FR) systems to challenging scenarios, enabling the matching of face images across different domains, such as matching thermal images to visible spectra. However, the development of HFR systems is challenging because of the significant domain gap between modalities and the lack of availability of large-scale paired multi-channel data. In this work, we leverage a pretrained face recognition model as a teacher network to learn domaininvariant network layers called Domain-Invariant Units (DIU) to reduce the domain gap. The proposed DIU can be trained effectively even with a limited amount of paired training data, in a contrastive distillation framework. This proposed approach has the potential to enhance pretrained models, making them more adaptable to a wider range of variations in data. We extensively evaluate our approach on multiple challenging benchmarks, demonstrating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
X-Ray: A Sequential 3D Representation For Generation
Authors: Tao Hu, Wenhang Ge, Yuyang Zhao, Gim Hee Lee
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Generation, Object

We introduce X-Ray, a novel 3D sequential representation inspired by the penetrability of x-ray scans. X-Ray transforms a 3D object into a series of surface frames at different layers, making it suitable for generating 3D models from images. Our method utilizes ray casting from the camera center to capture geometric and textured details, including depth, normal, and color, across all intersected surfaces. This process efficiently condenses the whole 3D object into a multi-frame video format, motivating the utilize of a network architecture similar to those in video diffusion models. This design ensures an efficient 3D representation by focusing solely on surface information. Also, we propose a two-stage pipeline to generate 3D objects from X-Ray Diffusion Model and Upsampler. We demonstrate the practicality and adaptability of our X-Ray representation by synthesizing the complete visible and hidden surfaces of a 3D object from a single input image. Experimental results reveal the state-of-the-art superiority of our representation in enhancing the accuracy of 3D generation, paving the way for new 3D representation research and practical applications.
Machine Learning Techniques for MRI Data Processing at Expanding Scale
Authors: Taro Langner
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Federated Learning, Representation Learning, Transfer Learning

Imaging sites around the world generate growing amounts of medical scan data with ever more versatile and affordable technology. Large-scale studies acquire MRI for tens of thousands of participants, together with metadata ranging from lifestyle questionnaires to biochemical assays, genetic analyses and more. These large datasets encode substantial information about human health and hold considerable potential for machine learning training and analysis. This chapter examines ongoing large-scale studies and the challenge of distribution shifts between them. Transfer learning for overcoming such shifts is discussed, together with federated learning for safe access to distributed training data securely held at multiple institutions. Finally, representation learning is reviewed as a methodology for encoding embeddings that express abstract relationships in multi-modal input formats.
A Novel Approach to Chest X-ray Lung Segmentation Using U-net and Modified Convolutional Block Attention Module
Authors: Mohammad Ali Labbaf Khaniki, Mohammad Manthouri
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Segmentation

Lung segmentation in chest X-ray images is of paramount importance as it plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of various lung diseases. This paper presents a novel approach for lung segmentation in chest X-ray images by integrating U-net with attention mechanisms. The proposed method enhances the U-net architecture by incorporating a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), which unifies three distinct attention mechanisms: channel attention, spatial attention, and pixel attention. The channel attention mechanism enables the model to concentrate on the most informative features across various channels. The spatial attention mechanism enhances the model's precision in localization by focusing on significant spatial locations. Lastly, the pixel attention mechanism empowers the model to focus on individual pixels, further refining the model's focus and thereby improving the accuracy of segmentation. The adoption of the proposed CBAM in conjunction with the U-net architecture marks a significant advancement in the field of medical imaging, with potential implications for improving diagnostic precision and patient outcomes. The efficacy of this method is validated against contemporary state-of-the-art techniques, showcasing its superiority in segmentation performance.
Towards Understanding the Robustness of Diffusion-Based Purification: A Stochastic Perspective
Authors: Yiming Liu, Kezhao Liu, Yao Xiao, Ziyi Dong, Xiaogang Xu, Pengxu Wei, Liang Lin
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Purification, Denoising

Diffusion-Based Purification (DBP) has emerged as an effective defense mechanism against adversarial attacks. The efficacy of DBP has been attributed to the forward diffusion process, which narrows the distribution gap between clean and adversarial images through the addition of Gaussian noise. Although this explanation has some theoretical support, the significance of its contribution to robustness remains unclear. In this paper, we argue that the inherent stochasticity in the DBP process is the primary driver of its robustness. To explore this, we introduce a novel Deterministic White-Box (DW-box) evaluation protocol to assess robustness in the absence of stochasticity and to analyze the attack trajectories and loss landscapes. Our findings suggest that DBP models primarily leverage stochasticity to evade effective attack directions, and their ability to purify adversarial perturbations can be weak. To further enhance the robustness of DBP models, we introduce Adversarial Denoising Diffusion Training (ADDT), which incorporates classifier-guided adversarial perturbations into diffusion training, thereby strengthening the DBP models' ability to purify adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we propose Rank-Based Gaussian Mapping (RBGM) to make perturbations more compatible with diffusion models. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of ADDT. In conclusion, our study suggests that future research on DBP can benefit from the perspective of decoupling the stochasticity-based and purification-based robustness.
Fast and Robust Normal Estimation for Sparse LiDAR Scans
Authors: Igor Bogoslavskyi, Konstantinos Zampogiannis, Raymond Phan
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has proven to be an important part of many robotics systems. Surface normals estimated from LiDAR data are commonly used for a variety of tasks in such systems. As most of the today's mechanical LiDAR sensors produce sparse data, estimating normals from a single scan in a robust manner poses difficulties. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating normals for sparse LiDAR data avoiding the typical issues of smoothing out the normals in high curvature areas. Mechanical LiDARs rotate a set of rigidly mounted lasers. One firing of such a set of lasers produces an array of points where each point's neighbor is known due to the known firing pattern of the scanner. We use this knowledge to connect these points to their neighbors and label them using the angles of the lines connecting them. When estimating normals at these points, we only consider points with the same label as neighbors. This allows us to avoid estimating normals in high curvature areas. We evaluate our approach on various data, both self-recorded and publicly available, acquired using various sparse LiDAR sensors. We show that using our method for normal estimation leads to normals that are more robust in areas with high curvature which leads to maps of higher quality. We also show that our method only incurs a constant factor runtime overhead with respect to a lightweight baseline normal estimation procedure and is therefore suited for operation in computationally demanding environments.
RESFM: Robust Equivariant Multiview Structure from Motion
Authors: Fadi Khatib, Yoni Kasten, Dror Moran, Meirav Galun, Ronen Basri
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00

Multiview Structure from Motion is a fundamental and challenging computer vision problem. A recent deep-based approach was proposed utilizing matrix equivariant architectures for the simultaneous recovery of camera pose and 3D scene structure from large image collections. This work however made the unrealistic assumption that the point tracks given as input are clean of outliers. Here we propose an architecture suited to dealing with outliers by adding an inlier/outlier classifying module that respects the model equivariance and by adding a robust bundle adjustment step. Experiments demonstrate that our method can be successfully applied in realistic settings that include large image collections and point tracks extracted with common heuristics and include many outliers.
Co-designing a Sub-millisecond Latency Event-based Eye Tracking System with Submanifold Sparse CNN
Authors: Baoheng Zhang, Yizhao Gao, Jingyuan Li, Hayden Kwok-Hay So
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: CPU

Eye-tracking technology is integral to numerous consumer electronics applications, particularly in the realm of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). These applications demand solutions that excel in three crucial aspects: low-latency, low-power consumption, and precision. Yet, achieving optimal performance across all these fronts presents a formidable challenge, necessitating a balance between sophisticated algorithms and efficient backend hardware implementations. In this study, we tackle this challenge through a synergistic software/hardware co-design of the system with an event camera. Leveraging the inherent sparsity of event-based input data, we integrate a novel sparse FPGA dataflow accelerator customized for submanifold sparse convolution neural networks (SCNN). The SCNN implemented on the accelerator can efficiently extract the embedding feature vector from each representation of event slices by only processing the non-zero activations. Subsequently, these vectors undergo further processing by a gated recurrent unit (GRU) and a fully connected layer on the host CPU to generate the eye centers. Deployment and evaluation of our system reveal outstanding performance metrics. On the Event-based Eye-Tracking-AIS2024 dataset, our system achieves 81% p5 accuracy, 99.5% p10 accuracy, and 3.71 Mean Euclidean Distance with 0.7 ms latency while only consuming 2.29 mJ per inference. Notably, our solution opens up opportunities for future eye-tracking systems. Code is available at https://github.com/CASR-HKU/ESDA/tree/eye_tracking.
CLIP-GS: CLIP-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Real-time and View-consistent 3D Semantic Understanding
Authors: Guibiao Liao, Jiankun Li, Zhenyu Bao, Xiaoqing Ye, Jingdong Wang, Qing Li, Kanglin Liu
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute

The recent 3D Gaussian Splatting (GS) exhibits high-quality and real-time synthesis of novel views in 3D scenes. Currently, it primarily focuses on geometry and appearance modeling, while lacking the semantic understanding of scenes. To bridge this gap, we present CLIP-GS, which integrates semantics from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP) into Gaussian Splatting to efficiently comprehend 3D environments without annotated semantic data. In specific, rather than straightforwardly learning and rendering high-dimensional semantic features of 3D Gaussians, which significantly diminishes the efficiency, we propose a Semantic Attribute Compactness (SAC) approach. SAC exploits the inherent unified semantics within objects to learn compact yet effective semantic representations of 3D Gaussians, enabling highly efficient rendering (>100 FPS). Additionally, to address the semantic ambiguity, caused by utilizing view-inconsistent 2D CLIP semantics to supervise Gaussians, we introduce a 3D Coherent Self-training (3DCS) strategy, resorting to the multi-view consistency originated from the 3D model. 3DCS imposes cross-view semantic consistency constraints by leveraging refined, self-predicted pseudo-labels derived from the trained 3D Gaussian model, thereby enhancing precise and view-consistent segmentation results. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method remarkably outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches, achieving improvements of 17.29% and 20.81% in mIoU metric on Replica and ScanNet datasets, respectively, while maintaining real-time rendering speed. Furthermore, our approach exhibits superior performance even with sparse input data, verifying the robustness of our method.
NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Low Light Image Enhancement: Methods and Results
Authors: Xiaoning Liu, Zongwei Wu, Ao Li, Florin-Alexandru Vasluianu, Yulun Zhang, Shuhang Gu, Le Zhang, Ce Zhu, Radu Timofte, Zhi Jin, Hongjun Wu, Chenxi Wang, Haitao Ling, Yuanhao Cai, Hao Bian, Yuxin Zheng, Jing Lin, Alan Yuille, Ben Shao, Jin Guo, Tianli Liu, Mohao Wu, Yixu Feng, Shuo Hou, Haotian Lin, Yu Zhu, Peng Wu, Wei Dong, Jinqiu Sun, Yanning Zhang, Qingsen Yan, Wenbin Zou, Weipeng Yang, Yunxiang Li, Qiaomu Wei, Tian Ye, Sixiang Chen, Zhao Zhang, Suiyi Zhao, Bo wang, Yan Luo, Zhichao Zuo, Mingshen Wang, Junhu Wang, Yanyan Wei, Xiaopeng Sun, Yu Gao, Jiancheng Huang, Hongming Chen, Xiang Chen, Hui Tang, Yuanbin Chen, Yuanbo Zhou, Xinwei Dai, Xintao Qiu, Wei Deng, Qinquan Gao, Tong Tong, Mingjia Li, Jin Hu, Xinyu He, Xiaojie Guo, sabarinathan, K Uma, A Sasithradevi, B Sathya Bama, S. Mohamed Mansoor Roomi, V. Srivatsav, Jinjuan Wang, Long Sun, Qiuying Chen, Jiahong Shao, Yizhi Zhang, Marcos V. Conde, Daniel Feijoo, Juan C. Benito, Alvaro García, Jaeho Lee, Seongwan Kim, Sharif S M A, Nodirkhuja Khujaev, Roman Tsoy, Ali Murtaza, Uswah Khairuddin, Ahmad 'Athif Mohd Faudzi, Sampada Malagi, Amogh Joshi, Nikhil Akalwadi, Chaitra Desai, Ramesh Ashok Tabib, Uma Mudenagudi, Wenyi Lian, Wenjing Lian, Jagadeesh Kalyanshetti, Vijayalaxmi Ashok Aralikatti, Palani Yashaswini, Nitish Upasi, Dikshit Hegde, Ujwala Patil, Sujata C, Xingzhuo Yan, Wei Hao, Minghan Fu, Pooja Choksy, Anjali Sarvaiya, Kishor Upla, Kiran Raja, Hailong Yan, Yunkai Zhang, Baiang Li, Jingyi Zhang, Huan Zheng
Date: 2024-04-22 00:00:00
Tasks: 4k, Image Enhancement, Low-Light Image Enhancement, valid

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2024 low light image enhancement challenge, highlighting the proposed solutions and results. The aim of this challenge is to discover an effective network design or solution capable of generating brighter, clearer, and visually appealing results when dealing with a variety of conditions, including ultra-high resolution (4K and beyond), non-uniform illumination, backlighting, extreme darkness, and night scenes. A notable total of 428 participants registered for the challenge, with 22 teams ultimately making valid submissions. This paper meticulously evaluates the state-of-the-art advancements in enhancing low-light images, reflecting the significant progress and creativity in this field.