pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Advancing Mental Health Pre-Screening: A New Custom GPT for Psychological Distress Assessment
Authors: Jinwen Tang, Yi Shang
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Binary Classification

This study introduces 'Psycho Analyst', a custom GPT model based on OpenAI's GPT-4, optimized for pre-screening mental health disorders. Enhanced with DSM-5, PHQ-8, detailed data descriptions, and extensive training data, the model adeptly decodes nuanced linguistic indicators of mental health disorders. It utilizes a dual-task framework that includes binary classification and a three-stage PHQ-8 score computation involving initial assessment, detailed breakdown, and independent assessment, showcasing refined analytic capabilities. Validation with the DAIC-WOZ dataset reveals F1 and Macro-F1 scores of 0.929 and 0.949, respectively, along with the lowest MAE and RMSE of 2.89 and 3.69 in PHQ-8 scoring. These results highlight the model's precision and transformative potential in enhancing public mental health support, improving accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and serving as a second opinion for professionals.
Music2P: A Multi-Modal AI-Driven Tool for Simplifying Album Cover Design
Authors: Joong Ho Choi, Geonyeong Choi, Ji-Eun Han, Wonjin Yang, Zhi-Qi Cheng
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Code Generation, Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In today's music industry, album cover design is as crucial as the music itself, reflecting the artist's vision and brand. However, many AI-driven album cover services require subscriptions or technical expertise, limiting accessibility. To address these challenges, we developed Music2P, an open-source, multi-modal AI-driven tool that streamlines album cover creation, making it efficient, accessible, and cost-effective through Ngrok. Music2P automates the design process using techniques such as Bootstrapping Language Image Pre-training (BLIP), music-to-text conversion (LP-music-caps), image segmentation (LoRA), and album cover and QR code generation (ControlNet). This paper demonstrates the Music2P interface, details our application of these technologies, and outlines future improvements. Our ultimate goal is to provide a tool that empowers musicians and producers, especially those with limited resources or expertise, to create compelling album covers.
Stimulating Imagination: Towards General-purpose Object Rearrangement
Authors: Jianyang Wu, Jie Gu, Xiaokang Ma, Chu Tang, Jingmin Chen
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Object Localization, Object Rearrangement, Pose Estimation

General-purpose object placement is a fundamental capability of an intelligent generalist robot, i.e., being capable of rearranging objects following human instructions even in novel environments. To achieve this, we break the rearrangement down into three parts, including object localization, goal imagination and robot control, and propose a framework named SPORT. SPORT leverages pre-trained large vision models for broad semantic reasoning about objects, and learns a diffusion-based 3D pose estimator to ensure physically-realistic results. Only object types (to be moved or reference) are communicated between these two parts, which brings two benefits. One is that we can fully leverage the powerful ability of open-set object localization and recognition since no specific fine-tuning is needed for robotic scenarios. Furthermore, the diffusion-based estimator only need to "imagine" the poses of the moving and reference objects after the placement, while no necessity for their semantic information. Thus the training burden is greatly reduced and no massive training is required. The training data for goal pose estimation is collected in simulation and annotated with GPT-4. A set of simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate the potential of our approach to accomplish general-purpose object rearrangement, placing various objects following precise instructions.
SAT3D: Image-driven Semantic Attribute Transfer in 3D
Authors: Zhijun Zhai, Zengmao Wang, Xiaoxiao Long, Kaixuan Zhou, Bo Du
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, Reading Comprehension

GAN-based image editing task aims at manipulating image attributes in the latent space of generative models. Most of the previous 2D and 3D-aware approaches mainly focus on editing attributes in images with ambiguous semantics or regions from a reference image, which fail to achieve photographic semantic attribute transfer, such as the beard from a photo of a man. In this paper, we propose an image-driven Semantic Attribute Transfer method in 3D (SAT3D) by editing semantic attributes from a reference image. For the proposed method, the exploration is conducted in the style space of a pre-trained 3D-aware StyleGAN-based generator by learning the correlations between semantic attributes and style code channels. For guidance, we associate each attribute with a set of phrase-based descriptor groups, and develop a Quantitative Measurement Module (QMM) to quantitatively describe the attribute characteristics in images based on descriptor groups, which leverages the image-text comprehension capability of CLIP. During the training process, the QMM is incorporated into attribute losses to calculate attribute similarity between images, guiding target semantic transferring and irrelevant semantics preserving. We present our 3D-aware attribute transfer results across multiple domains and also conduct comparisons with classical 2D image editing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness and customizability of our SAT3D.
radarODE: An ODE-Embedded Deep Learning Model for Contactless ECG Reconstruction from Millimeter-Wave Radar
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang, Runwei Guan, Lingxiao Li, Rui Yang, Yutao Yue, Eng Gee Lim
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder

Radar-based contactless cardiac monitoring has become a popular research direction recently, but the fine-grained electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is still hard to reconstruct from millimeter-wave radar signal. The key obstacle is to decouple the cardiac activities in the electrical domain (i.e., ECG) from that in the mechanical domain (i.e., heartbeat), and most existing research only uses pure data-driven methods to map such domain transformation as a black box. Therefore, this work first proposes a signal model for domain transformation, and then a novel deep learning framework called radarODE is designed to fuse the temporal and morphological features extracted from radar signals and generate ECG. In addition, ordinary differential equations are embedded in radarODE as a decoder to provide morphological prior, helping the convergence of the model training and improving the robustness under body movements. After being validated on the dataset, the proposed radarODE achieves better performance compared with the benchmark in terms of missed detection rate, root mean square error, Pearson correlation coefficient with the improvement of 9%, 16% and 19%, respectively. The validation results imply that radarODE is capable of recovering ECG signals from radar signals with high fidelity and can be potentially implemented in real-life scenarios.
IDNet: A Novel Dataset for Identity Document Analysis and Fraud Detection
Authors: Hong Guan, Yancheng Wang, Lulu Xie, Soham Nag, Rajeev Goel, Niranjan Erappa Narayana Swamy, Yingzhen Yang, Chaowei Xiao, Jonathan Prisby, Ross Maciejewski, Jia Zou
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Fraud Detection, Privacy Preserving

Effective fraud detection and analysis of government-issued identity documents, such as passports, driver's licenses, and identity cards, are essential in thwarting identity theft and bolstering security on online platforms. The training of accurate fraud detection and analysis tools depends on the availability of extensive identity document datasets. However, current publicly available benchmark datasets for identity document analysis, including MIDV-500, MIDV-2020, and FMIDV, fall short in several respects: they offer a limited number of samples, cover insufficient varieties of fraud patterns, and seldom include alterations in critical personal identifying fields like portrait images, limiting their utility in training models capable of detecting realistic frauds while preserving privacy. In response to these shortcomings, our research introduces a new benchmark dataset, IDNet, designed to advance privacy-preserving fraud detection efforts. The IDNet dataset comprises 837,060 images of synthetically generated identity documents, totaling approximately 490 gigabytes, categorized into 20 types from $10$ U.S. states and 10 European countries. We evaluate the utility and present use cases of the dataset, illustrating how it can aid in training privacy-preserving fraud detection methods, facilitating the generation of camera and video capturing of identity documents, and testing schema unification and other identity document management functionalities.
Downstream Transfer Attack: Adversarial Attacks on Downstream Models with Pre-trained Vision Transformers
Authors: Weijie Zheng, Xingjun Ma, Hanxun Huang, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Self-Supervised Learning

With the advancement of vision transformers (ViTs) and self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques, pre-trained large ViTs have become the new foundation models for computer vision applications. However, studies have shown that, like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), ViTs are also susceptible to adversarial attacks, where subtle perturbations in the input can fool the model into making false predictions. This paper studies the transferability of such an adversarial vulnerability from a pre-trained ViT model to downstream tasks. We focus on \emph{sample-wise} transfer attacks and propose a novel attack method termed \emph{Downstream Transfer Attack (DTA)}. For a given test image, DTA leverages a pre-trained ViT model to craft the adversarial example and then applies the adversarial example to attack a fine-tuned version of the model on a downstream dataset. During the attack, DTA identifies and exploits the most vulnerable layers of the pre-trained model guided by a cosine similarity loss to craft highly transferable attacks. Through extensive experiments with pre-trained ViTs by 3 distinct pre-training methods, 3 fine-tuning schemes, and across 10 diverse downstream datasets, we show that DTA achieves an average attack success rate (ASR) exceeding 90\%, surpassing existing methods by a huge margin. When used with adversarial training, the adversarial examples generated by our DTA can significantly improve the model's robustness to different downstream transfer attacks.
Joint Universal Adversarial Perturbations with Interpretations
Authors: Liang-bo Ning, Zeyu Dai, Wenqi Fan, Jingran Su, Chao Pan, Luning Wang, Qing Li
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have significantly boosted the performance of many challenging tasks. Despite the great development, DNNs have also exposed their vulnerability. Recent studies have shown that adversaries can manipulate the predictions of DNNs by adding a universal adversarial perturbation (UAP) to benign samples. On the other hand, increasing efforts have been made to help users understand and explain the inner working of DNNs by highlighting the most informative parts (i.e., attribution maps) of samples with respect to their predictions. Moreover, we first empirically find that such attribution maps between benign and adversarial examples have a significant discrepancy, which has the potential to detect universal adversarial perturbations for defending against adversarial attacks. This finding motivates us to further investigate a new research problem: whether there exist universal adversarial perturbations that are able to jointly attack DNNs classifier and its interpretation with malicious desires. It is challenging to give an explicit answer since these two objectives are seemingly conflicting. In this paper, we propose a novel attacking framework to generate joint universal adversarial perturbations (JUAP), which can fool the DNNs model and misguide the inspection from interpreters simultaneously. Comprehensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method JUAP for joint attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to study UAP for jointly attacking both DNNs and interpretations.
Survey on Emotion Recognition through Posture Detection and the possibility of its application in Virtual Reality
Authors: Leina Elansary, Zaki Taha, Walaa Gad
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Emotion Recognition, Pose Estimation

A survey is presented focused on using pose estimation techniques in Emotional recognition using various technologies normal cameras, and depth cameras for real-time, and the potential use of VR and inputs including images, videos, and 3-dimensional poses described in vector space. We discussed 19 research papers collected from selected journals and databases highlighting their methodology, classification algorithm, and the used datasets that relate to emotion recognition and pose estimation. A benchmark has been made according to their accuracy as it was the most common performance measurement metric used. We concluded that the multimodal Approaches overall made the best accuracy and then we mentioned futuristic concerns that can improve the development of this research topic.
Landmark-guided Diffusion Model for High-fidelity and Temporally Coherent Talking Head Generation
Authors: Jintao Tan, Xize Cheng, Lingyu Xiong, Lei Zhu, Xiandong Li, Xianjia Wu, Kai Gong, Minglei Li, Yi Cai
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Talking Head Generation

Audio-driven talking head generation is a significant and challenging task applicable to various fields such as virtual avatars, film production, and online conferences. However, the existing GAN-based models emphasize generating well-synchronized lip shapes but overlook the visual quality of generated frames, while diffusion-based models prioritize generating high-quality frames but neglect lip shape matching, resulting in jittery mouth movements. To address the aforementioned problems, we introduce a two-stage diffusion-based model. The first stage involves generating synchronized facial landmarks based on the given speech. In the second stage, these generated landmarks serve as a condition in the denoising process, aiming to optimize mouth jitter issues and generate high-fidelity, well-synchronized, and temporally coherent talking head videos. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model yields the best performance.
LAM3D: Leveraging Attention for Monocular 3D Object Detection
Authors: Diana-Alexandra Sas, Leandro Di Bella, Yangxintong Lyu, Florin Oniga, Adrian Munteanu
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Autonomous Driving, image-classification, Image Classification, Image Segmentation, Monocular 3D Object Detection, Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation

Since the introduction of the self-attention mechanism and the adoption of the Transformer architecture for Computer Vision tasks, the Vision Transformer-based architectures gained a lot of popularity in the field, being used for tasks such as image classification, object detection and image segmentation. However, efficiently leveraging the attention mechanism in vision transformers for the Monocular 3D Object Detection task remains an open question. In this paper, we present LAM3D, a framework that Leverages self-Attention mechanism for Monocular 3D object Detection. To do so, the proposed method is built upon a Pyramid Vision Transformer v2 (PVTv2) as feature extraction backbone and 2D/3D detection machinery. We evaluate the proposed method on the KITTI 3D Object Detection Benchmark, proving the applicability of the proposed solution in the autonomous driving domain and outperforming reference methods. Moreover, due to the usage of self-attention, LAM3D is able to systematically outperform the equivalent architecture that does not employ self-attention.
Advancing Green AI: Efficient and Accurate Lightweight CNNs for Rice Leaf Disease Identification
Authors: Khairun Saddami, Yudha Nurdin, Mutia Zahramita, Muhammad Shahreeza Safiruz
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00

Rice plays a vital role as a primary food source for over half of the world's population, and its production is critical for global food security. Nevertheless, rice cultivation is frequently affected by various diseases that can severely decrease yield and quality. Therefore, early and accurate detection of rice diseases is necessary to prevent their spread and minimize crop losses. In this research, we explore three mobile-compatible CNN architectures, namely ShuffleNet, MobileNetV2, and EfficientNet-B0, for rice leaf disease classification. These models are selected due to their compatibility with mobile devices, as they demand less computational power and memory compared to other CNN models. To enhance the performance of the three models, we added two fully connected layers separated by a dropout layer. We used early stop creation to prevent the model from being overfiting. The results of the study showed that the best performance was achieved by the EfficientNet-B0 model with an accuracy of 99.8%. Meanwhile, MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNet only achieved accuracies of 84.21% and 66.51%, respectively. This study shows that EfficientNet-B0 when combined with the proposed layer and early stop, can produce a high-accuracy model. Keywords: rice leaf detection; green AI; smart agriculture; EfficientNet;
Towards an ontology of state actors in cyberspace
Authors: Giacomo De Colle
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00

To improve cyber threat analysis practices in cybersecurity, I present a plan to build a formal ontological representation of state actors in cyberspace and of cyber operations. I argue that modelling these phenomena via ontologies allows for coherent integration of data coming from diverse sources, automated reasoning over such data, as well as intelligence extraction and reuse from and of them. Existing ontological tools in cybersecurity can be ameliorated by connecting them to neighboring domains such as law, regulations, governmental institutions, and documents. In this paper, I propose metrics to evaluate currently existing ontological tools to create formal representations in the cybersecurity domain, and I provide a plan to develop and extend them when they are lacking.
ALIF: Low-Cost Adversarial Audio Attacks on Black-Box Speech Platforms using Linguistic Features
Authors: Peng Cheng, Yuwei Wang, Peng Huang, Zhongjie Ba, Xiaodong Lin, Feng Lin, Li Lu, Kui Ren
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), speech-recognition, Speech Recognition, text-to-speech, Text to Speech

Extensive research has revealed that adversarial examples (AE) pose a significant threat to voice-controllable smart devices. Recent studies have proposed black-box adversarial attacks that require only the final transcription from an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. However, these attacks typically involve many queries to the ASR, resulting in substantial costs. Moreover, AE-based adversarial audio samples are susceptible to ASR updates. In this paper, we identify the root cause of these limitations, namely the inability to construct AE attack samples directly around the decision boundary of deep learning (DL) models. Building on this observation, we propose ALIF, the first black-box adversarial linguistic feature-based attack pipeline. We leverage the reciprocal process of text-to-speech (TTS) and ASR models to generate perturbations in the linguistic embedding space where the decision boundary resides. Based on the ALIF pipeline, we present the ALIF-OTL and ALIF-OTA schemes for launching attacks in both the digital domain and the physical playback environment on four commercial ASRs and voice assistants. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that ALIF-OTL and -OTA significantly improve query efficiency by 97.7% and 73.3%, respectively, while achieving competitive performance compared to existing methods. Notably, ALIF-OTL can generate an attack sample with only one query. Furthermore, our test-of-time experiment validates the robustness of our approach against ASR updates.
ST-SACLF: Style Transfer Informed Self-Attention Classifier for Bias-Aware Painting Classification
Authors: Mridula Vijendran, Frederick W. B. Li, Jingjing Deng, Hubert P. H. Shum
Date: 2024-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Model Optimization, Style Transfer

Painting classification plays a vital role in organizing, finding, and suggesting artwork for digital and classic art galleries. Existing methods struggle with adapting knowledge from the real world to artistic images during training, leading to poor performance when dealing with different datasets. Our innovation lies in addressing these challenges through a two-step process. First, we generate more data using Style Transfer with Adaptive Instance Normalization (AdaIN), bridging the gap between diverse styles. Then, our classifier gains a boost with feature-map adaptive spatial attention modules, improving its understanding of artistic details. Moreover, we tackle the problem of imbalanced class representation by dynamically adjusting augmented samples. Through a dual-stage process involving careful hyperparameter search and model fine-tuning, we achieve an impressive 87.24\% accuracy using the ResNet-50 backbone over 40 training epochs. Our study explores quantitative analyses that compare different pretrained backbones, investigates model optimization through ablation studies, and examines how varying augmentation levels affect model performance. Complementing this, our qualitative experiments offer valuable insights into the model's decision-making process using spatial attention and its ability to differentiate between easy and challenging samples based on confidence ranking.
The Artificial Intelligence Disclosure (AID) Framework: An Introduction
Authors: Kari D. Weaver
Date: 2024-08-04 00:00:00

As the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence tools have grown in higher education and research, there have been increasing calls for transparency and granularity around the use and attribution of the use of these tools. Thus far, this need has been met via the recommended inclusion of a note, with little to no guidance on what the note itself should include. This has been identified as a problem to the use of AI in academic and research contexts. This article introduces The Artificial Intelligence Disclosure (AID) Framework, a standard, comprehensive, and detailed framework meant to inform the development and writing of GenAI disclosure for education and research.