pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
CommonCanvas: Open Diffusion Models Trained on Creative-Commons Images
Authors: Aaron Gokaslan, A. Feder Cooper, Jasmine Collins, Landan Seguin, Austin Jacobson, Mihir Patel, Jonathan Frankle, Cory Stephenson, Volodymyr Kuleshov
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Transfer Learning

    We train a set of open text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models on a dataset of curated Creative-Commons-licensed (CC) images which yields models that are competitive with Stable Diffusion 2 (SD2). This task presents two challenges: (1) high-resolution CC images lack the captions necessary to train T2I models; (2) CC images are relatively scarce. To address these challenges we use an intuitive transfer learning technique to produce a set of high-quality synthetic captions paired with our assembled CC images. We then develop a data- and compute-efficient training recipe that requires as little as 3% of the LAION data (i.e. roughly 70 million examples) needed to train existing SD2 models but obtains the same quality. These results indicate that we have a sufficient number of CC images (also roughly 70 million) for training high-quality models. Our recipe also implements a variety of optimizations that achieve 2.71x training speed-ups enabling rapid model iteration. We leverage this recipe to train several high-quality T2I mod- els which we dub the CommonCanvas family. Our largest model achieves comparable performance to SD2 on human evaluation even though we use a synthetically captioned CC-image dataset that is only <3% the size of LAION for training. We release our models data and code on GitHub.
UnionFormer: Unified-Learning Transformer with Multi-View Representation for Image Manipulation Detection and Localization
Authors: Shuaibo Li, Wei Ma, Jianwei Guo, Shibiao Xu, Benchong Li, Xiaopeng Zhang
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Image Manipulation, Image Manipulation Detection

    We present UnionFormer a novel framework that integrates tampering clues across three views by unified learning for image manipulation detection and localization. Specifically we construct a BSFI-Net to extract tampering features from RGB and noise views achieving enhanced responsiveness to boundary artifacts while modulating spatial consistency at different scales. Additionally to explore the inconsistency between objects as a new view of clues we combine object consistency modeling with tampering detection and localization into a three-task unified learning process allowing them to promote and improve mutually. Therefore we acquire a unified manipulation discriminative representation under multi-scale supervision that consolidates information from three views. This integration facilitates highly effective concurrent detection and localization of tampering. We perform extensive experiments on diverse datasets and the results show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in tampering detection and localization.
Flexible Biometrics Recognition: Bridging the Multimodality Gap through Attention Alignment and Prompt Tuning
Authors: Leslie Ching Ow Tiong, Dick Sigmund, Chen-Hui Chan, Andrew Beng Jin Teoh
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1

    Periocular and face are complementary biometrics for identity management albeit with inherent limitations notably in scenarios involving occlusion due to sunglasses or masks. In response to these challenges we introduce Flexible Biometric Recognition (FBR) a novel framework designed to advance conventional face periocular and multimodal face-periocular biometrics across both intra- and cross-modality recognition tasks. FBR strategically utilizes the Multimodal Fusion Attention (MFA) and Multimodal Prompt Tuning (MPT) mechanisms within the Vision Transformer architecture. MFA facilitates the fusion of modalities ensuring cohesive alignment between facial and periocular embeddings while incorporating soft-biometrics to enhance the model's ability to discriminate between individuals. The fusion of three modalities is pivotal in exploring interrelationships between different modalities. Additionally MPT serves as a unifying bridge intertwining inputs and promoting cross-modality interactions while preserving their distinctive characteristics. The collaborative synergy of MFA and MPT enhances the shared features of the face and periocular with a specific emphasis on the ocular region yielding exceptional performance in both intra- and cross-modality recognition tasks. Rigorous experimentation across four benchmark datasets validates the noteworthy performance of the FBR model. The source code is available at https://github.com/MIS-DevWorks/FBR.
Low-Rank Approximation for Sparse Attention in Multi-Modal LLMs
Authors: Lin Song, Yukang Chen, Shuai Yang, Xiaohan Ding, Yixiao Ge, Ying-Cong Chen, Ying Shan
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1

    This paper focuses on the high computational complexity in Large Language Models (LLMs) a significant challenge in both natural language processing (NLP) and multi-modal tasks. We propose Low-Rank Approximation for Sparse At- tention (LoRA-Sparse) an innovative approach that strate- gically reduces this complexity. LoRA-Sparse introduces low-rank linear projection layers for sparse attention ap- proximation. It utilizes an order-mimic training methodol- ogy which is crucial for efficiently approximating the self- attention mechanism in LLMs. We empirically show that sparse attention not only reduces computational demands but also enhances model performance in both NLP and multi-modal tasks. This surprisingly shows that redundant attention in LLMs might be non-beneficial. We extensively validate LoRA-Sparse through rigorous empirical studies in both (NLP) and multi-modal tasks demonstrating its effec- tiveness and general applicability. Based on LLaMA and LLaVA models our methods can reduce more than half of the self-attention computation with even better performance than full-attention baselines.
Distraction is All You Need: Memory-Efficient Image Immunization against Diffusion-Based Image Editing
Authors: Ling Lo, Cheng Yu Yeo, Hong-Han Shuai, Wen-Huang Cheng
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: All, Denoising, GPU, Image Inpainting, Image Manipulation

    Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized image editing by empowering users to control outcomes using natural language. However the ease of image manipulation has raised ethical concerns with the potential for malicious use in generating deceptive or harmful content. To address the concerns we propose an image immunization approach named semantic attack to protect our images from being manipulated by malicious agents using diffusion models. Our approach focuses on disrupting the semantic understanding of T2I diffusion models regarding specific content. By attacking the cross-attention mechanism that encodes image features with text messages during editing we distract the model's attention regarding the content of our concern. Our semantic attack renders the model uncertain about the areas to edit resulting in poorly edited images and contradicting the malicious editing attempts. In addition by shifting the attack target towards intermediate attention maps from the final generated image our approach substantially diminishes computational burden and alleviates GPU memory constraints in comparison to previous methods. Moreover we introduce timestep universal gradient updating to create timestep-agnostic perturbations effective across different input noise levels. By treating the full diffusion process as discrete denoising timesteps during the attack we achieve equivalent or even superior immunization efficacy with nearly half the memory consumption of the previous method. Our contributions include a practical and effective approach to safeguard images against malicious editing and the proposed method offers robust immunization against various image inpainting and editing approaches showcasing its potential for real-world applications.
Attribute-Guided Pedestrian Retrieval: Bridging Person Re-ID with Internal Attribute Variability
Authors: Yan Huang, Zhang Zhang, Qiang Wu, Yi Zhong, Liang Wang
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Attribute, Image Retrieval, Person Re-Identification, Retrieval

    In various domains such as surveillance and smart retail pedestrian retrieval centering on person re-identification (Re-ID) plays a pivotal role. Existing Re-ID methodologies often overlook subtle internal attribute variations which are crucial for accurately identifying individuals with changing appearances. In response our paper introduces the Attribute-Guided Pedestrian Retrieval (AGPR) task focusing on integrating specified attributes with query images to refine retrieval results. Although there has been progress in attribute-driven image retrieval there remains a notable gap in effectively blending robust Re-ID models with intra-class attribute variations. To bridge this gap we present the Attribute-Guided Transformer-based Pedestrian Retrieval (ATPR) framework. ATPR adeptly merges global ID recognition with local attribute learning ensuring a cohesive linkage between the two. Furthermore to effectively handle the complexity of attribute interconnectivity ATPR organizes attributes into distinct groups and applies both inter-group correlation and intra-group decorrelation regularizations. Our extensive experiments on a newly established benchmark using the RAP dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of ATPR within the AGPR paradigm.
GenH2R: Learning Generalizable Human-to-Robot Handover via Scalable Simulation Demonstration and Imitation
Authors: Zifan Wang, Junyu Chen, Ziqing Chen, Pengwei Xie, Rui Chen, Li Yi
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Grasp Generation, Imitation Learning

    This paper presents GenH2R a framework for learning generalizable vision-based human-to-robot (H2R) handover skills. The goal is to equip robots with the ability to reliably receive objects with unseen geometry handed over by humans in various complex trajectories. We acquire such generalizability by learning H2R handover at scale with a comprehensive solution including procedural simulation assets creation automated demonstration generation and effective imitation learning. We leverage large-scale 3D model repositories dexterous grasp generation methods and curve-based 3D animation to create an H2R handover simulation environment named GenH2R-Sim surpassing the number of scenes in existing simulators by three orders of magnitude. We further introduce a distillation-friendly demonstration generation method that automatically generates a million high-quality demonstrations suitable for learning. Finally we present a 4D imitation learning method augmented by a future forecasting objective to distill demonstrations into a visuo-motor handover policy. Experimental evaluations in both simulators and the real world demonstrate significant improvements (at least +10% success rate) over baselines in all cases.
Transductive Zero-Shot and Few-Shot CLIP
Authors: Ségolène Martin, Yunshi Huang, Fereshteh Shakeri, Jean-Christophe Pesquet, Ismail Ben Ayed
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Classification, Few-Shot Image Classification, image-classification, Image Classification

    Transductive inference has been widely investigated in few-shot image classification but completely overlooked in the recent fast growing literature on adapting vision-langage models like CLIP. This paper addresses the transductive zero-shot and few-shot CLIP classification challenge in which inference is performed jointly across a mini-batch of unlabeled query samples rather than treating each instance independently. This paper addresses the transductive zero-shot and few-shot CLIP classification challenge in which inference is performed jointly across a mini-batch of unlabeled query samples rather than treating each instance independently. We initially construct informative vision-text probability features leading to a classification problem on the unit simplex set. Inspired by Expectation-Maximization (EM) our optimization-based classifying objective models the data probability distribution for each class using a Dirichlet law. The minimization problem is then tackled with a novel block Majorization-Minimization algorithm which simultaneously estimates the distribution parameters and class assignments. Extensivenumerical experiments on 11 datasets underscore the benefits and efficacy of our batch inference approach. On zero-shot tasks with test batches of 75 samples our approach yields near 20% improvement in ImageNet accuracy over CLIP's zero-shot performance. Additionally we outperform state-of-the-art methods in the few-shot setting. Code is available at https://github.com/SegoleneMartin/transductive-CLIP.
LION: Empowering Multimodal Large Language Model with Dual-Level Visual Knowledge
Authors: Gongwei Chen, Leyang Shen, Rui Shao, Xiang Deng, Liqiang Nie
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Multimodal Large Language Model

    Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs leading to insufficient extraction and reasoning of visual knowledge. To address this issue we devise a dual-Level vIsual knOwledge eNhanced Multimodal Large Language Model (LION) which empowers the MLLM by injecting visual knowledge in two levels. 1) Progressive incorporation of fine-grained spatial-aware visual knowledge. We design a vision aggregator cooperated with region-level vision-language (VL) tasks to incorporate fine-grained spatial-aware visual knowledge into the MLLM. To alleviate the conflict between image-level and region-level VL tasks during incorporation we devise a dedicated stage-wise instruction-tuning strategy with mixture-of-adapters. This progressive incorporation scheme contributes to the mutual promotion between these two kinds of VL tasks. 2) Soft prompting of high-level semantic visual evidence. We facilitate the MLLM with high-level semantic visual evidence by leveraging diverse image tags. To mitigate the potential influence caused by imperfect predicted tags we propose a soft prompting method by embedding a learnable token into the tailored text instruction. Comprehensive experiments on several multi-modal benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our model (e.g. improvement of 5% accuracy on VSR and 3% CIDEr on TextCaps over InstructBLIP 5% accuracy on RefCOCOg over Kosmos-2).
Hierarchical Histogram Threshold Segmentation - Auto-terminating High-detail Oversegmentation
Authors: Thomas V. Chang, Simon Seibt, Bartosz von Rymon Lipinski
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Superpixels

    Superpixels play a crucial role in image processing by partitioning an image into clusters of pixels with similar visual attributes. This facilitates subsequent image processing tasks offering computational advantages over the manipulation of individual pixels. While numerous oversegmentation techniques have emerged in recent years many rely on predefined initialization and termination criteria. In this paper a novel top-down superpixel segmentation algorithm called Hierarchical Histogram Threshold Segmentation (HHTS) is introduced. It eliminates the need for initialization and implements auto-termination outperforming state-of-the-art methods w.r.t boundary recall. This is achieved by iteratively partitioning individual pixel segments into foreground and background and applying intensity thresholding across multiple color channels. The underlying iterative process constructs a superpixel hierarchy that adapts to local detail distributions until color information exhaustion. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of boundary adherence while maintaining competitive runtime performance on the BSDS500 and NYUV2 datasets. Furthermore an application of HHTS in refining machine learning-based semantic segmentation masks produced by the Segment Anything Foundation Model (SAM) is presented.
Holistic Features are almost Sufficient for Text-to-Video Retrieval
Authors: Kaibin Tian, Ruixiang Zhao, Zijie Xin, Bangxiang Lan, Xirong Li
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Retrieval, text similarity, Text to Video Retrieval, Video Retrieval

    For text-to-video retrieval (T2VR) which aims to retrieve unlabeled videos by ad-hoc textual queries CLIP-based methods currently lead the way. Compared to CLIP4Clip which is efficient and compact state-of-the-art models tend to compute video-text similarity through fine-grained cross-modal feature interaction and matching putting their scalability for large-scale T2VR applications into doubt. We propose TeachCLIP enabling a CLIP4Clip based student network to learn from more advanced yet computationally intensive models. In order to create a learning channel to convey fine-grained cross-modal knowledge from a heavy model to the student we add to CLIP4Clip a simple Attentional frame-Feature Aggregation (AFA) block which by design adds no extra storage / computation overhead at the retrieval stage. Frame-text relevance scores calculated by the teacher network are used as soft labels to supervise the attentive weights produced by AFA. Extensive experiments on multiple public datasets justify the viability of the proposed method. TeachCLIP has the same efficiency and compactness as CLIP4Clip yet has near-SOTA effectiveness.
Look-Up Table Compression for Efficient Image Restoration
Authors: Yinglong Li, Jiacheng Li, Zhiwei Xiong
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Image Restoration, Super-Resolution

    Look-Up Table (LUT) has recently gained increasing attention for restoring High-Quality (HQ) images from Low-Quality (LQ) observations thanks to its high computational efficiency achieved through a "space for time" strategy of caching learned LQ-HQ pairs. However incorporating multiple LUTs for improved performance comes at the cost of a rapidly growing storage size which is ultimately restricted by the allocatable on-device cache size. In this work we propose a novel LUT compression framework to achieve a better trade-off between storage size and performance for LUT-based image restoration models. Based on the observation that most cached LQ image patches are distributed along the diagonal of a LUT we devise a Diagonal-First Compression (DFC) framework where diagonal LQ-HQ pairs are preserved and carefully re-indexed to maintain the representation capacity while non-diagonal pairs are aggressively subsampled to save storage. Extensive experiments on representative image restoration tasks demonstrate that our DFC framework significantly reduces the storage size of LUT-based models (including our new design) while maintaining their performance. For instance DFC saves up to 90% of storage at a negligible performance drop for x4 super-resolution. The source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/leenas233/DFC.
FAR: Flexible Accurate and Robust 6DoF Relative Camera Pose Estimation
Authors: Chris Rockwell, Nilesh Kulkarni, Linyi Jin, Jeong Joon Park, Justin Johnson, David F. Fouhey
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Camera Pose Estimation, Pose Estimation, Translation

    Estimating relative camera poses between images has been a central problem in computer vision. Methods that find correspondences and solve for the fundamental matrix offer high precision in most cases. Conversely methods predicting pose directly using neural networks are more robust to limited overlap and can infer absolute translation scale but at the expense of reduced precision. We show how to combine the best of both methods; our approach yields results that are both precise and robust while also accurately inferring translation scales. At the heart of our model lies a Transformer that (1) learns to balance between solved and learned pose estimations and (2) provides a prior to guide a solver. A comprehensive analysis supports our design choices and demonstrates that our method adapts flexibly to various feature extractors and correspondence estimators showing state-of-the-art performance in 6DoF pose estimation on Matterport3D InteriorNet StreetLearn and Map-free Relocalization.
CFAT: Unleashing Triangular Windows for Image Super-resolution
Authors: Abhisek Ray, Gaurav Kumar, Maheshkumar H. Kolekar
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Image Super-Resolution, Super-Resolution

    Transformer-based models have revolutionized the field of image super-resolution (SR) by harnessing their inherent ability to capture complex contextual features. The overlapping rectangular shifted window technique used in transformer architecture nowadays is a common practice in super-resolution models to improve the quality and robustness of image upscaling. However it suffers from distortion at the boundaries and has limited unique shifting modes. To overcome these weaknesses we propose a non-overlapping triangular window technique that synchronously works with the rectangular one to mitigate boundary-level distortion and allows the model to access more unique sifting modes. In this paper we propose a Composite Fusion Attention Transformer (CFAT) that incorporates triangular-rectangular window-based local attention with a channel-based global attention technique in image super-resolution. As a result CFAT enables attention mechanisms to be activated on more image pixels and captures long-range multi-scale features to improve SR performance. The extensive experimental results and ablation study demonstrate the effectiveness of CFAT in the SR domain. Our proposed model shows a significant 0.7 dB performance improvement over other state-of-the-art SR architectures.
Efficient Meshflow and Optical Flow Estimation from Event Cameras
Authors: Xinglong Luo, Ao Luo, Zhengning Wang, Chunyu Lin, Bing Zeng, Shuaicheng Liu
Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Decoder, Optical Flow Estimation

    In this paper we explore the problem of event-based meshflow estimation a novel task that involves predicting a spatially smooth sparse motion field from event cameras. To start we generate a large-scale High-Resolution Event Meshflow (HREM) dataset which showcases its superiority by encompassing the merits of high resolution at 1280x720 handling dynamic objects and complex motion patterns and offering both optical flow and meshflow labels. These aspects have not been fully explored in previous works. Besides we propose Efficient Event-based MeshFlow (EEMFlow) network a lightweight model featuring a specially crafted encoder-decoder architecture to facilitate swift and accurate meshflow estimation. Furthermore we upgrade EEMFlow network to support dense event optical flow in which a Confidence-induced Detail Completion (CDC) module is proposed to preserve sharp motion boundaries. We conduct comprehensive experiments to show the exceptional performance and runtime efficiency (39x faster) of our EEMFlow model compared to recent state-of-the-art flow methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/boomluo02/EEMFlow.