pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
YaleNLP @ PerAnsSumm 2025: Multi-Perspective Integration via Mixture-of-Agents for Enhanced Healthcare QA Summarization
Authors: Dongsuk Jang, Alan Li, Arman Cohan
Date: 2025-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Community Question Answering, Question Answering

Automated summarization of healthcare community question-answering forums is challenging due to diverse perspectives presented across multiple user responses to each question. The PerAnsSumm Shared Task was therefore proposed to tackle this challenge by identifying perspectives from different answers and then generating a comprehensive answer to the question. In this study, we address the PerAnsSumm Shared Task using two complementary paradigms: (i) a training-based approach through QLoRA fine-tuning of LLaMA-3.3-70B-Instruct, and (ii) agentic approaches including zero- and few-shot prompting with frontier LLMs (LLaMA-3.3-70B-Instruct and GPT-4o) and a Mixture-of-Agents (MoA) framework that leverages a diverse set of LLMs by combining outputs from multi-layer feedback aggregation. For perspective span identification/classification, GPT-4o zero-shot achieves an overall score of 0.57, substantially outperforming the 0.40 score of the LLaMA baseline. With a 2-layer MoA configuration, we were able to improve LLaMA performance up by 28 percent to 0.51. For perspective-based summarization, GPT-4o zero-shot attains an overall score of 0.42 compared to 0.28 for the best LLaMA zero-shot, and our 2-layer MoA approach boosts LLaMA performance by 32 percent to 0.37. Furthermore, in few-shot setting, our results show that the sentence-transformer embedding-based exemplar selection provides more gain than manually selected exemplars on LLaMA models, although the few-shot prompting is not always helpful for GPT-4o. The YaleNLP team's approach ranked the overall second place in the shared task.
Improving Interactive Diagnostic Ability of a Large Language Model Agent Through Clinical Experience Learning
Authors: Zhoujian Sun, Ziyi Liu, Cheng Luo, Jiebin Chu, Zhengxing Huang
Date: 2025-02-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Medical Diagnosis

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in medical diagnosis, with some studies indicating superior performance compared to human physicians in specific scenarios. However, the diagnostic capabilities of LLMs are often overestimated, as their performance significantly deteriorates in interactive diagnostic settings that require active information gathering. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms behind the performance degradation phenomenon and proposes a solution. We identified that the primary deficiency of LLMs lies in the initial diagnosis phase, particularly in information-gathering efficiency and initial diagnosis formation, rather than in the subsequent differential diagnosis phase. To address this limitation, we developed a plug-and-play method enhanced (PPME) LLM agent, leveraging over 3.5 million electronic medical records from Chinese and American healthcare facilities. Our approach integrates specialized models for initial disease diagnosis and inquiry into the history of the present illness, trained through supervised and reinforcement learning techniques. The experimental results indicate that the PPME LLM achieved over 30% improvement compared to baselines. The final diagnostic accuracy of the PPME LLM in interactive diagnostic scenarios approached levels comparable to those achieved using complete clinical data. These findings suggest a promising potential for developing autonomous diagnostic systems, although further validation studies are needed.
The Application of MATEC (Multi-AI Agent Team Care) Framework in Sepsis Care
Authors: Andrew Cho, Jason M. Woo, Brian Shi, Aishwaryaa Udeshi, Jonathan S. H. Woo
Date: 2025-02-09 00:00:00
Tasks: AI Agent

Under-resourced or rural hospitals have limited access to medical specialists and healthcare professionals, which can negatively impact patient outcomes in sepsis. To address this gap, we developed the MATEC (Multi-AI Agent Team Care) framework, which integrates a team of specialized AI agents for sepsis care. The sepsis AI agent team includes five doctor agents, four health professional agents, and a risk prediction model agent, with an additional 33 doctor agents available for consultations. Ten attending physicians at a teaching hospital evaluated this framework, spending approximately 40 minutes on the web-based MATEC application and participating in the 5-point Likert scale survey (rated from 1-unfavorable to 5-favorable). The physicians found the MATEC framework very useful (Median=4, P=0.01), and very accurate (Median=4, P<0.01). This pilot study demonstrates that a Multi-AI Agent Team Care framework (MATEC) can potentially be useful in assisting medical professionals, particularly in under-resourced hospital settings.
CAMI: A Counselor Agent Supporting Motivational Interviewing through State Inference and Topic Exploration
Authors: Yizhe Yang, Palakorn Achananuparp, Heyan Huang, Jing Jiang, Kit Phey Leng, Nicholas Gabriel Lim, Cameron Tan Shi Ern, Ee-Peng Lim
Date: 2025-02-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Response Generation

Conversational counselor agents have become essential tools for addressing the rising demand for scalable and accessible mental health support. This paper introduces CAMI, a novel automated counselor agent grounded in Motivational Interviewing (MI) -- a client-centered counseling approach designed to address ambivalence and facilitate behavior change. CAMI employs a novel STAR framework, consisting of client's state inference, motivation topic exploration, and response generation modules, leveraging large language models (LLMs). These components work together to evoke change talk, aligning with MI principles and improving counseling outcomes for clients from diverse backgrounds. We evaluate CAMI's performance through both automated and manual evaluations, utilizing simulated clients to assess MI skill competency, client's state inference accuracy, topic exploration proficiency, and overall counseling success. Results show that CAMI not only outperforms several state-of-the-art methods but also shows more realistic counselor-like behavior. Additionally, our ablation study underscores the critical roles of state inference and topic exploration in achieving this performance.
$\texttt{PatentAgent}$: Intelligent Agent for Automated Pharmaceutical Patent Analysis
Authors: Xin Wang, Yifan Zhang, Xiaojing Zhang, Longhui Yu, Xinna Lin, Jindong Jiang, Bin Ma, Kaicheng Yu
Date: 2024-10-25 00:00:00
Tasks: Drug Discovery, Question Answering

Pharmaceutical patents play a vital role in biochemical industries, especially in drug discovery, providing researchers with unique early access to data, experimental results, and research insights. With the advancement of machine learning, patent analysis has evolved from manual labor to tasks assisted by automatic tools. However, there still lacks an unified agent that assists every aspect of patent analysis, from patent reading to core chemical identification. Leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand requests and follow instructions, we introduce the $\textbf{first}$ intelligent agent in this domain, $\texttt{PatentAgent}$, poised to advance and potentially revolutionize the landscape of pharmaceutical research. $\texttt{PatentAgent}$ comprises three key end-to-end modules -- $\textit{PA-QA}$, $\textit{PA-Img2Mol}$, and $\textit{PA-CoreId}$ -- that respectively perform (1) patent question-answering, (2) image-to-molecular-structure conversion, and (3) core chemical structure identification, addressing the essential needs of scientists and practitioners in pharmaceutical patent analysis. Each module of $\texttt{PatentAgent}$ demonstrates significant effectiveness with the updated algorithm and the synergistic design of $\texttt{PatentAgent}$ framework. $\textit{PA-Img2Mol}$ outperforms existing methods across CLEF, JPO, UOB, and USPTO patent benchmarks with an accuracy gain between 2.46% and 8.37% while $\textit{PA-CoreId}$ realizes accuracy improvement ranging from 7.15% to 7.62% on PatentNetML benchmark. Our code and dataset will be publicly available.
AI for Climate Finance: Agentic Retrieval and Multi-Step Reasoning for Early Warning System Investments
Authors: Saeid Ario Vaghefi, Aymane Hachcham, Veronica Grasso, Jiska Manicus, Nakiete Msemo, Chiara Colesanti Senni, Markus Leippold
Date: 2025-04-07 00:00:00
Tasks: Few-Shot Learning, RAG, Retrieval, Retrieval-augmented Generation

Tracking financial investments in climate adaptation is a complex and expertise-intensive task, particularly for Early Warning Systems (EWS), which lack standardized financial reporting across multilateral development banks (MDBs) and funds. To address this challenge, we introduce an LLM-based agentic AI system that integrates contextual retrieval, fine-tuning, and multi-step reasoning to extract relevant financial data, classify investments, and ensure compliance with funding guidelines. Our study focuses on a real-world application: tracking EWS investments in the Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) Fund. We analyze 25 MDB project documents and evaluate multiple AI-driven classification methods, including zero-shot and few-shot learning, fine-tuned transformer-based classifiers, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, and an agent-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approach. Our results show that the agent-based RAG approach significantly outperforms other methods, achieving 87\% accuracy, 89\% precision, and 83\% recall. Additionally, we contribute a benchmark dataset and expert-annotated corpus, providing a valuable resource for future research in AI-driven financial tracking and climate finance transparency.
Anyprefer: An Agentic Framework for Preference Data Synthesis
Authors: Yiyang Zhou, Zhaoyang Wang, Tianle Wang, Shangyu Xing, Peng Xia, Bo Li, Kaiyuan Zheng, Zijian Zhang, Zhaorun Chen, Wenhao Zheng, Xuchao Zhang, Chetan Bansal, Weitong Zhang, Ying WEI, Mohit Bansal, Huaxiu Yao
Date: 2025-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Medical Image Analysis, Text Generation

High-quality preference data is essential for aligning foundation models with human values through preference learning. However, manual annotation of such data is often time-consuming and costly. Recent methods often adopt a self-rewarding approach, where the target model generates and annotates its own preference data, but this can lead to inaccuracies since the reward model shares weights with the target model, thereby amplifying inherent biases. To address these issues, we propose Anyprefer, a framework designed to synthesize high-quality preference data for aligning the target model. Anyprefer frames the data synthesis process as a cooperative two-player Markov Game, where the target model and the judge model collaborate together. Here, a series of external tools are introduced to assist the judge model in accurately rewarding the target model's responses, mitigating biases in the rewarding process. In addition, a feedback mechanism is introduced to optimize prompts for both models, enhancing collaboration and improving data quality. The synthesized data is compiled into a new preference dataset, Anyprefer-V1, consisting of 58K high-quality preference pairs. Extensive experiments show that Anyprefer significantly improves model alignment performance across four main applications, covering 21 datasets, achieving average improvements of 18.55% in five natural language generation datasets, 3.66% in nine vision-language understanding datasets, 30.05% in three medical image analysis datasets, and 16.00% in four visuo-motor control tasks.
DoCIA: An Online Document-Level Context Incorporation Agent for Speech Translation
Authors: Xinglin Lyu, Wei Tang, Yuang Li, Xiaofeng Zhao, Ming Zhu, Junhui Li, Yunfei Lu, Daimeng Wei, Hao Yang, Min Zhang
Date: 2025-04-07 00:00:00
Tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Document Level Machine Translation, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Machine Translation, Sentence, speech-recognition, Speech Recognition, Translation

Document-level context is crucial for handling discourse challenges in text-to-text document-level machine translation (MT). Despite the increased discourse challenges introduced by noise from automatic speech recognition (ASR), the integration of document-level context in speech translation (ST) remains insufficiently explored. In this paper, we develop DoCIA, an online framework that enhances ST performance by incorporating document-level context. DoCIA decomposes the ST pipeline into four stages. Document-level context is integrated into the ASR refinement, MT, and MT refinement stages through auxiliary LLM (large language model)-based modules. Furthermore, DoCIA leverages document-level information in a multi-level manner while minimizing computational overhead. Additionally, a simple yet effective determination mechanism is introduced to prevent hallucinations from excessive refinement, ensuring the reliability of the final results. Experimental results show that DoCIA significantly outperforms traditional ST baselines in both sentence and discourse metrics across four LLMs, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving ST performance.
AgentPS: Agentic Process Supervision for Multi-modal Content Quality Assurance through Multi-round QA
Authors: Gorden Liu, Yu Sun, Ruixiao Sun, Xin Dong, Hongyu Xiong
Date: 2024-12-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Question Answering

The advanced processing and reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have driven substantial progress in vision-language (VL) understanding tasks. However, while effective for tasks governed by straightforward logic, MLLMs often encounter challenges when reasoning over complex, interdependent logic structures. To address this limitation, we introduce \textit{AgentPS}, a novel framework that integrates Agentic Process Supervision into MLLMs via multi-round question answering during fine-tuning. \textit{AgentPS} demonstrates significant performance improvements over baseline MLLMs on proprietary TikTok datasets, due to its integration of process supervision and structured sequential reasoning. Furthermore, we show that replacing human-annotated labels with LLM-generated labels retains much of the performance gain, highlighting the framework's practical scalability in industrial applications. These results position \textit{AgentPS} as a highly effective and efficient architecture for multimodal classification tasks. Its adaptability and scalability, especially when enhanced by automated annotation generation, make it a powerful tool for handling large-scale, real-world challenges.
Bootstrapping Cognitive Agents with a Large Language Model
Authors: Feiyu Zhu, Reid Simmons
Date: 2024-02-25 00:00:00
Tasks: General Knowledge, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model

Large language models contain noisy general knowledge of the world, yet are hard to train or fine-tune. On the other hand cognitive architectures have excellent interpretability and are flexible to update but require a lot of manual work to instantiate. In this work, we combine the best of both worlds: bootstrapping a cognitive-based model with the noisy knowledge encoded in large language models. Through an embodied agent doing kitchen tasks, we show that our proposed framework yields better efficiency compared to an agent based entirely on large language models. Our experiments indicate that large language models are a good source of information for cognitive architectures, and the cognitive architecture in turn can verify and update the knowledge of large language models to a specific domain.
FactGuard: Leveraging Multi-Agent Systems to Generate Answerable and Unanswerable Questions for Enhanced Long-Context LLM Extraction
Authors: Qian-Wen Zhang, Fang Li, Jie Wang, Lingfeng Qiao, Yifei Yu, Di Yin, Xing Sun
Date: 2025-04-08 00:00:00
Tasks: 8k, Data Augmentation, Reading Comprehension

Extractive reading comprehension systems are designed to locate the correct answer to a question within a given text. However, a persistent challenge lies in ensuring these models maintain high accuracy in answering questions while reliably recognizing unanswerable queries. Despite significant advances in large language models (LLMs) for reading comprehension, this issue remains critical, particularly as the length of supported contexts continues to expand. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative data augmentation methodology grounded in a multi-agent collaborative framework. Unlike traditional methods, such as the costly human annotation process required for datasets like SQuAD 2.0, our method autonomously generates evidence-based question-answer pairs and systematically constructs unanswerable questions. Using this methodology, we developed the FactGuard-Bench dataset, which comprises 25,220 examples of both answerable and unanswerable question scenarios, with context lengths ranging from 8K to 128K. Experimental evaluations conducted on seven popular LLMs reveal that even the most advanced models achieve only 61.79% overall accuracy. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of a model's ability to reason about unanswerable questions to avoid generating plausible but incorrect answers. By implementing efficient data selection and generation within the multi-agent collaborative framework, our method significantly reduces the traditionally high costs associated with manual annotation and provides valuable insights for the training and optimization of LLMs.
When Persuasion Overrides Truth in Multi-Agent LLM Debates: Introducing a Confidence-Weighted Persuasion Override Rate (CW-POR)
Authors: Mahak Agarwal, Divyam Khanna
Date: 2025-04-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Misinformation, TruthfulQA

In many real-world scenarios, a single Large Language Model (LLM) may encounter contradictory claims-some accurate, others forcefully incorrect-and must judge which is true. We investigate this risk in a single-turn, multi-agent debate framework: one LLM-based agent provides a factual answer from TruthfulQA, another vigorously defends a falsehood, and the same LLM architecture serves as judge. We introduce the Confidence-Weighted Persuasion Override Rate (CW-POR), which captures not only how often the judge is deceived but also how strongly it believes the incorrect choice. Our experiments on five open-source LLMs (3B-14B parameters), where we systematically vary agent verbosity (30-300 words), reveal that even smaller models can craft persuasive arguments that override truthful answers-often with high confidence. These findings underscore the importance of robust calibration and adversarial testing to prevent LLMs from confidently endorsing misinformation.
MARS: A Multi-Agent Framework Incorporating Socratic Guidance for Automated Prompt Optimization
Authors: Jian Zhang, Zhangqi Wang, Haiping Zhu, Jun Liu, Qika Lin, Erik Cambria
Date: 2025-03-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Question Answering

The basic question-answering format of large language models involves inputting a prompt and receiving a response, and the quality of the prompt directly impacts the effectiveness of the response. Automated Prompt Optimization (APO) aims to break free from the cognitive biases of manually designed prompts and explores a broader design space for prompts. However, existing APO methods suffer from limited flexibility of fixed templates and inefficient search in prompt spaces as key issues. To this end, we propose a Multi-Agent framework Incorporating Socratic guidance (MARS), which utilizes multi-agent fusion technology for automatic planning, with gradual continuous optimization and evaluation. Specifically, MARS comprises seven agents, each with distinct functionalities, which autonomously use the Planner to devise an optimization path that ensures flexibility. Additionally, it employs a Teacher-Critic-Student Socratic dialogue pattern to iteratively optimize the prompts while conducting effective search. We conduct extensive experiments on various datasets to validate the effectiveness of our method, and perform additional analytical experiments to assess the model's advancement as well as the interpretability.
Enhancing Text Classification with a Novel Multi-Agent Collaboration Framework Leveraging BERT
Authors: Hediyeh Baban, Sai A Pidapar, Aashutosh Nema, Sichen Lu
Date: 2025-02-25 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification, Decision Making, text-classification, Text Classification

We introduce a novel multi-agent collaboration framework designed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of text classification models. Leveraging BERT as the primary classifier, our framework dynamically escalates low-confidence predictions to a specialized multi-agent system comprising Lexical, Contextual, Logic, Consensus, and Explainability agents. This collaborative approach allows for comprehensive analysis and consensus-driven decision-making, significantly improving classification performance across diverse text classification tasks. Empirical evaluations on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves a 5.5% increase in accuracy compared to standard BERT-based classifiers, underscoring its effectiveness and academic novelty in advancing multi-agent systems within natural language processing.
Auto-SLURP: A Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Multi-Agent Frameworks in Smart Personal Assistant
Authors: Lei Shen, Xiaoyu Shen
Date: 2025-04-25 00:00:00
Tasks: Natural Language Understanding, Response Generation

In recent years, multi-agent frameworks powered by large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly. Despite this progress, there is still a notable absence of benchmark datasets specifically tailored to evaluate their performance. To bridge this gap, we introduce Auto-SLURP, a benchmark dataset aimed at evaluating LLM-based multi-agent frameworks in the context of intelligent personal assistants. Auto-SLURP extends the original SLURP dataset -- initially developed for natural language understanding tasks -- by relabeling the data and integrating simulated servers and external services. This enhancement enables a comprehensive end-to-end evaluation pipeline, covering language understanding, task execution, and response generation. Our experiments demonstrate that Auto-SLURP presents a significant challenge for current state-of-the-art frameworks, highlighting that truly reliable and intelligent multi-agent personal assistants remain a work in progress. The dataset and related code are available at https://github.com/lorashen/Auto-SLURP/.
AgentOrca: A Dual-System Framework to Evaluate Language Agents on Operational Routine and Constraint Adherence
Authors: Zekun Li, Shinda Huang, Jiangtian Wang, Nathan Zhang, Antonis Antoniades, Wenyue Hua, Kaijie Zhu, Sirui Zeng, William Yang Wang, Xifeng Yan
Date: 2025-03-11 00:00:00

As language agents progressively automate critical tasks across domains, their ability to operate within operational constraints and safety protocols becomes essential. While extensive research has demonstrated these agents' effectiveness in downstream task completion, their reliability in following operational procedures and constraints remains largely unexplored. To this end, we present AgentOrca, a dual-system framework for evaluating language agents' compliance with operational constraints and routines. Our framework encodes action constraints and routines through both natural language prompts for agents and corresponding executable code serving as ground truth for automated verification. Through an automated pipeline of test case generation and evaluation across five real-world domains, we quantitatively assess current language agents' adherence to operational constraints. Our findings reveal notable performance gaps among state-of-the-art models, with large reasoning models like o1 demonstrating superior compliance while others show significantly lower performance, particularly when encountering complex constraints or user persuasion attempts.