pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Learning Transferable Negative Prompts for Out-of-Distribution Detection
Authors: Tianqi Li, Guansong Pang, Xiao Bai, Wenjun Miao, Jin Zheng
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Out-of-Distribution Detection, Out of Distribution (OOD) Detection, Prompt Learning

Existing prompt learning methods have shown certain capabilities in Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, but the lack of OOD images in the target dataset in their training can lead to mismatches between OOD images and In-Distribution (ID) categories, resulting in a high false positive rate. To address this issue, we introduce a novel OOD detection method, named 'NegPrompt', to learn a set of negative prompts, each representing a negative connotation of a given class label, for delineating the boundaries between ID and OOD images. It learns such negative prompts with ID data only, without any reliance on external outlier data. Further, current methods assume the availability of samples of all ID classes, rendering them ineffective in open-vocabulary learning scenarios where the inference stage can contain novel ID classes not present during training. In contrast, our learned negative prompts are transferable to novel class labels. Experiments on various ImageNet benchmarks show that NegPrompt surpasses state-of-the-art prompt-learning-based OOD detection methods and maintains a consistent lead in hard OOD detection in closed- and open-vocabulary classification scenarios. Code is available at https://github.com/mala-lab/negprompt.
Would Deep Generative Models Amplify Bias in Future Models?
Authors: Tianwei Chen, Yusuke Hirota, Mayu Otani, Noa Garcia, Yuta Nakashima
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Image Captioning, Image Generation

We investigate the impact of deep generative models on potential social biases in upcoming computer vision models. As the internet witnesses an increasing influx of AI-generated images, concerns arise regarding inherent biases that may accompany them, potentially leading to the dissemination of harmful content. This paper explores whether a detrimental feedback loop, resulting in bias amplification, would occur if generated images were used as the training data for future models. We conduct simulations by progressively substituting original images in COCO and CC3M datasets with images generated through Stable Diffusion. The modified datasets are used to train OpenCLIP and image captioning models, which we evaluate in terms of quality and bias. Contrary to expectations, our findings indicate that introducing generated images during training does not uniformly amplify bias. Instead, instances of bias mitigation across specific tasks are observed. We further explore the factors that may influence these phenomena, such as artifacts in image generation (e.g., blurry faces) or pre-existing biases in the original datasets.
FACTUAL: A Novel Framework for Contrastive Learning Based Robust SAR Image Classification
Authors: Xu Wang, Tian Ye, Rajgopal Kannan, Viktor Prasanna
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, image-classification, Image Classification

Deep Learning (DL) Models for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), while delivering improved performance, have been shown to be quite vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing works improve robustness by training models on adversarial samples. However, by focusing mostly on attacks that manipulate images randomly, they neglect the real-world feasibility of such attacks. In this paper, we propose FACTUAL, a novel Contrastive Learning framework for Adversarial Training and robust SAR classification. FACTUAL consists of two components: (1) Differing from existing works, a novel perturbation scheme that incorporates realistic physical adversarial attacks (such as OTSA) to build a supervised adversarial pre-training network. This network utilizes class labels for clustering clean and perturbed images together into a more informative feature space. (2) A linear classifier cascaded after the encoder to use the computed representations to predict the target labels. By pre-training and fine-tuning our model on both clean and adversarial samples, we show that our model achieves high prediction accuracy on both cases. Our model achieves 99.7% accuracy on clean samples, and 89.6% on perturbed samples, both outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods.
iSeg: Interactive 3D Segmentation via Interactive Attention
Authors: Itai Lang, Fei Xu, Dale Decatur, Sudarshan Babu, Rana Hanocka
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Interactive Segmentation, Segmentation

We present iSeg, a new interactive technique for segmenting 3D shapes. Previous works have focused mainly on leveraging pre-trained 2D foundation models for 3D segmentation based on text. However, text may be insufficient for accurately describing fine-grained spatial segmentations. Moreover, achieving a consistent 3D segmentation using a 2D model is highly challenging, since occluded areas of the same semantic region may not be visible together from any 2D view. Thus, we design a segmentation method conditioned on fine user clicks, which operates entirely in 3D. Our system accepts user clicks directly on the shape's surface, indicating the inclusion or exclusion of regions from the desired shape partition. To accommodate various click settings, we propose a novel interactive attention module capable of processing different numbers and types of clicks, enabling the training of a single unified interactive segmentation model. We apply iSeg to a myriad of shapes from different domains, demonstrating its versatility and faithfulness to the user's specifications. Our project page is at https://threedle.github.io/iSeg/.
LeGrad: An Explainability Method for Vision Transformers via Feature Formation Sensitivity
Authors: Walid Bousselham, Angie Boggust, Sofian Chaybouti, Hendrik Strobelt, Hilde Kuehne
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Sensitivity

Vision Transformers (ViTs), with their ability to model long-range dependencies through self-attention mechanisms, have become a standard architecture in computer vision. However, the interpretability of these models remains a challenge. To address this, we propose LeGrad, an explainability method specifically designed for ViTs. LeGrad computes the gradient with respect to the attention maps of ViT layers, considering the gradient itself as the explainability signal. We aggregate the signal over all layers, combining the activations of the last as well as intermediate tokens to produce the merged explainability map. This makes LeGrad a conceptually simple and an easy-to-implement tool for enhancing the transparency of ViTs. We evaluate LeGrad in challenging segmentation, perturbation, and open-vocabulary settings, showcasing its versatility compared to other SotA explainability methods demonstrating its superior spatial fidelity and robustness to perturbations. A demo and the code is available at https://github.com/WalBouss/LeGrad.
HDR Imaging for Dynamic Scenes with Events
Authors: Li Xiaopeng, Zeng Zhaoyuan, Fan Cien, Zhao Chen, Deng Lei, Yu Lei
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Deblurring, Self-Supervised Learning

High dynamic range imaging (HDRI) for real-world dynamic scenes is challenging because moving objects may lead to hybrid degradation of low dynamic range and motion blur. Existing event-based approaches only focus on a separate task, while cascading HDRI and motion deblurring would lead to sub-optimal solutions, and unavailable ground-truth sharp HDR images aggravate the predicament. To address these challenges, we propose an Event-based HDRI framework within a Self-supervised learning paradigm, i.e., Self-EHDRI, which generalizes HDRI performance in real-world dynamic scenarios. Specifically, a self-supervised learning strategy is carried out by learning cross-domain conversions from blurry LDR images to sharp LDR images, which enables sharp HDR images to be accessible in the intermediate process even though ground-truth sharp HDR images are missing. Then, we formulate the event-based HDRI and motion deblurring model and conduct a unified network to recover the intermediate sharp HDR results, where both the high dynamic range and high temporal resolution of events are leveraged simultaneously for compensation. We construct large-scale synthetic and real-world datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed Self-EHDRI outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by a large margin. The codes, datasets, and results are available at https://lxp-whu.github.io/Self-EHDRI.
OmniGS: Fast Radiance Field Reconstruction using Omnidirectional Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Longwei Li, Huajian Huang, Sai-Kit Yeung, Hui Cheng
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: GPU

Photorealistic reconstruction relying on 3D Gaussian Splatting has shown promising potential in various domains. However, the current 3D Gaussian Splatting system only supports radiance field reconstruction using undistorted perspective images. In this paper, we present OmniGS, a novel omnidirectional Gaussian splatting system, to take advantage of omnidirectional images for fast radiance field reconstruction. Specifically, we conduct a theoretical analysis of spherical camera model derivatives in 3D Gaussian Splatting. According to the derivatives, we then implement a new GPU-accelerated omnidirectional rasterizer that directly splats 3D Gaussians onto the equirectangular screen space for omnidirectional image rendering. We realize differentiable optimization of the omnidirectional radiance field without the requirement of cube-map rectification or tangent-plane approximation. Extensive experiments conducted in egocentric and roaming scenarios demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art reconstruction quality and high rendering speed using omnidirectional images. The code will be publicly available.
Future-Proofing Class Incremental Learning
Authors: Quentin Jodelet, Xin Liu, Yin Jun Phua, Tsuyoshi Murata
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: class-incremental learning, Class Incremental Learning, Exemplar-Free, Incremental Learning

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning is a highly challenging setting where replay memory is unavailable. Methods relying on frozen feature extractors have drawn attention recently in this setting due to their impressive performances and lower computational costs. However, those methods are highly dependent on the data used to train the feature extractor and may struggle when an insufficient amount of classes are available during the first incremental step. To overcome this limitation, we propose to use a pre-trained text-to-image diffusion model in order to generate synthetic images of future classes and use them to train the feature extractor. Experiments on the standard benchmarks CIFAR100 and ImageNet-Subset demonstrate that our proposed method can be used to improve state-of-the-art methods for exemplar-free class incremental learning, especially in the most difficult settings where the first incremental step only contains few classes. Moreover, we show that using synthetic samples of future classes achieves higher performance than using real data from different classes, paving the way for better and less costly pre-training methods for incremental learning.
CORP: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Campus-Oriented Roadside Perception Tasks
Authors: Beibei Wang, Shuang Meng, Lu Zhang, Chenjie Wang, Jingjing Huang, Yao Li, Haojie Ren, Yuxuan Xiao, Yuru Peng, Jianmin Ji, Yu Zhang, Yanyong Zhang
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Instance Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Numerous roadside perception datasets have been introduced to propel advancements in autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems research and development. However, it has been observed that the majority of their concentrates is on urban arterial roads, inadvertently overlooking residential areas such as parks and campuses that exhibit entirely distinct characteristics. In light of this gap, we propose CORP, which stands as the first public benchmark dataset tailored for multi-modal roadside perception tasks under campus scenarios. Collected in a university campus, CORP consists of over 205k images plus 102k point clouds captured from 18 cameras and 9 LiDAR sensors. These sensors with different configurations are mounted on roadside utility poles to provide diverse viewpoints within the campus region. The annotations of CORP encompass multi-dimensional information beyond 2D and 3D bounding boxes, providing extra support for 3D seamless tracking and instance segmentation with unique IDs and pixel masks for identifying targets, to enhance the understanding of objects and their behaviors distributed across the campus premises. Unlike other roadside datasets about urban traffic, CORP extends the spectrum to highlight the challenges for multi-modal perception in campuses and other residential areas.
Classification of Nasopharyngeal Cases using DenseNet Deep Learning Architecture
Authors: W. S. H. M. W. Ahmad, M. F. A. Fauzi, M. K. Abdullahi, Jenny T. H. Lee, N. S. A. Basry, A Yahaya, A. M. Ismail, A. Adam, Elaine W. L. Chan, F. S. Abas
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning, whole slide images

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the understudied yet deadliest cancers in South East Asia. In Malaysia, the prevalence is identified mainly in Sarawak, among the ethnic of Bidayuh. NPC is often late-diagnosed because it is asymptomatic at the early stage. There are several tissue representations from the nasopharynx biopsy, such as nasopharyngeal inflammation (NPI), lymphoid hyperplasia (LHP), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and normal tissue. This paper is our first initiative to identify the difference between NPC, NPI and normal cases. Seven whole slide images (WSIs) with gigapixel resolutions from seven different patients and two hospitals were experimented with using two test setups, consisting of a different set of images. The tissue regions are patched into smaller blocks and classified using DenseNet architecture with 21 dense layers. Two tests are carried out, each for proof of concept (Test 1) and real-test scenario (Test 2). The accuracy achieved for NPC class is 94.8% for Test 1 and 67.0% for Test 2.
AGL-NET: Aerial-Ground Cross-Modal Global Localization with Varying Scales
Authors: Tianrui Guan, Ruiqi Xian, Xijun Wang, Xiyang Wu, Mohamed Elnoor, Daeun Song, Dinesh Manocha
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00

We present AGL-NET, a novel learning-based method for global localization using LiDAR point clouds and satellite maps. AGL-NET tackles two critical challenges: bridging the representation gap between image and points modalities for robust feature matching, and handling inherent scale discrepancies between global view and local view. To address these challenges, AGL-NET leverages a unified network architecture with a novel two-stage matching design. The first stage extracts informative neural features directly from raw sensor data and performs initial feature matching. The second stage refines this matching process by extracting informative skeleton features and incorporating a novel scale alignment step to rectify scale variations between LiDAR and map data. Furthermore, a novel scale and skeleton loss function guides the network toward learning scale-invariant feature representations, eliminating the need for pre-processing satellite maps. This significantly improves real-world applicability in scenarios with unknown map scales. To facilitate rigorous performance evaluation, we introduce a meticulously designed dataset within the CARLA simulator specifically tailored for metric localization training and assessment. The code and data can be accessed at https://github.com/rayguan97/AGL-Net.
BodyMAP -- Jointly Predicting Body Mesh and 3D Applied Pressure Map for People in Bed
Authors: Abhishek Tandon, Anujraaj Goyal, Henry M. Clever, Zackory Erickson
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00

Accurately predicting the 3D human posture and the pressure exerted on the body for people resting in bed, visualized as a body mesh (3D pose & shape) with a 3D pressure map, holds significant promise for healthcare applications, particularly, in the prevention of pressure ulcers. Current methods focus on singular facets of the problem -- predicting only 2D/3D poses, generating 2D pressure images, predicting pressure only for certain body regions instead of the full body, or forming indirect approximations to the 3D pressure map. In contrast, we introduce BodyMAP, which jointly predicts the human body mesh and 3D applied pressure map across the entire human body. Our network leverages multiple visual modalities, incorporating both a depth image of a person in bed and its corresponding 2D pressure image acquired from a pressure-sensing mattress. The 3D pressure map is represented as a pressure value at each mesh vertex and thus allows for precise localization of high-pressure regions on the body. Additionally, we present BodyMAP-WS, a new formulation of pressure prediction in which we implicitly learn pressure in 3D by aligning sensed 2D pressure images with a differentiable 2D projection of the predicted 3D pressure maps. In evaluations with real-world human data, our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art technique by 25% on both body mesh and 3D applied pressure map prediction tasks for people in bed.
MonoCD: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Complementary Depths
Authors: Longfei Yan, Pei Yan, Shengzhou Xiong, Xuanyu Xiang, Yihua Tan
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Depth Estimation, Depth Prediction, Monocular 3D Object Detection, Object, object-detection, Object Detection

Monocular 3D object detection has attracted widespread attention due to its potential to accurately obtain object 3D localization from a single image at a low cost. Depth estimation is an essential but challenging subtask of monocular 3D object detection due to the ill-posedness of 2D to 3D mapping. Many methods explore multiple local depth clues such as object heights and keypoints and then formulate the object depth estimation as an ensemble of multiple depth predictions to mitigate the insufficiency of single-depth information. However, the errors of existing multiple depths tend to have the same sign, which hinders them from neutralizing each other and limits the overall accuracy of combined depth. To alleviate this problem, we propose to increase the complementarity of depths with two novel designs. First, we add a new depth prediction branch named complementary depth that utilizes global and efficient depth clues from the entire image rather than the local clues to reduce the correlation of depth predictions. Second, we propose to fully exploit the geometric relations between multiple depth clues to achieve complementarity in form. Benefiting from these designs, our method achieves higher complementarity. Experiments on the KITTI benchmark demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance without introducing extra data. In addition, complementary depth can also be a lightweight and plug-and-play module to boost multiple existing monocular 3d object detectors. Code is available at https://github.com/elvintanhust/MonoCD.
UniAV: Unified Audio-Visual Perception for Multi-Task Video Event Localization
Authors: Tiantian Geng, Teng Wang, yanfu Zhang, Jinming Duan, Weili Guan, Feng Zheng, Ling Shao
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Localization, audio-visual event localization, Event Detection, Sound Event Detection, Temporal Action Localization

Video localization tasks aim to temporally locate specific instances in videos, including temporal action localization (TAL), sound event detection (SED) and audio-visual event localization (AVEL). Existing methods over-specialize on each task, overlooking the fact that these instances often occur in the same video to form the complete video content. In this work, we present UniAV, a Unified Audio-Visual perception network, to achieve joint learning of TAL, SED and AVEL tasks for the first time. UniAV can leverage diverse data available in task-specific datasets, allowing the model to learn and share mutually beneficial knowledge across tasks and modalities. To tackle the challenges posed by substantial variations in datasets (size/domain/duration) and distinct task characteristics, we propose to uniformly encode visual and audio modalities of all videos to derive generic representations, while also designing task-specific experts to capture unique knowledge for each task. Besides, we develop a unified language-aware classifier by utilizing a pre-trained text encoder, enabling the model to flexibly detect various types of instances and previously unseen ones by simply changing prompts during inference. UniAV outperforms its single-task counterparts by a large margin with fewer parameters, achieving on-par or superior performances compared to state-of-the-art task-specific methods across ActivityNet 1.3, DESED and UnAV-100 benchmarks.
BioVL-QR: Egocentric Biochemical Vision-and-Language Dataset Using Micro QR Codes
Authors: Tomohiro Nishimoto, Taichi Nishimura, Koki Yamamoto, Keisuke Shirai, Hirotaka Kameko, Yuto Haneji, Tomoya Yoshida, Keiya Kajimura, Taiyu Cui, Chihiro Nishiwaki, Eriko Daikoku, Natsuko Okuda, Fumihito Ono, Shinsuke Mori
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Video Understanding

This paper introduces BioVL-QR, a biochemical vision-and-language dataset comprising 23 egocentric experiment videos, corresponding protocols, and vision-and-language alignments. A major challenge in understanding biochemical videos is detecting equipment, reagents, and containers because of the cluttered environment and indistinguishable objects. Previous studies assumed manual object annotation, which is costly and time-consuming. To address the issue, we focus on Micro QR Codes. However, detecting objects using only Micro QR Codes is still difficult due to blur and occlusion caused by object manipulation. To overcome this, we propose an object labeling method combining a Micro QR Code detector with an off-the-shelf hand object detector. As an application of the method and BioVL-QR, we tackled the task of localizing the procedural steps in an instructional video. The experimental results show that using Micro QR Codes and our method improves biochemical video understanding. Data and code are available through https://nishi10mo.github.io/BioVL-QR/
HandDiff: 3D Hand Pose Estimation with Diffusion on Image-Point Cloud
Authors: Wencan Cheng, Hao Tang, Luc van Gool, Jong Hwan Ko
Date: 2024-04-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: 3D Hand Pose Estimation, Hand Pose Estimation, Pose Estimation

Extracting keypoint locations from input hand frames, known as 3D hand pose estimation, is a critical task in various human-computer interaction applications. Essentially, the 3D hand pose estimation can be regarded as a 3D point subset generative problem conditioned on input frames. Thanks to the recent significant progress on diffusion-based generative models, hand pose estimation can also benefit from the diffusion model to estimate keypoint locations with high quality. However, directly deploying the existing diffusion models to solve hand pose estimation is non-trivial, since they cannot achieve the complex permutation mapping and precise localization. Based on this motivation, this paper proposes HandDiff, a diffusion-based hand pose estimation model that iteratively denoises accurate hand pose conditioned on hand-shaped image-point clouds. In order to recover keypoint permutation and accurate location, we further introduce joint-wise condition and local detail condition. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HandDiff significantly outperforms the existing approaches on four challenging hand pose benchmark datasets. Codes and pre-trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/cwc1260/HandDiff.