pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Free-SurGS: SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting for Surgical Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Jiaxin Guo, Jiangliu Wang, Di Kang, Wenzhen Dong, Wenting Wang, Yun-hui Liu
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: 3DGS, 3D Reconstruction, Novel View Synthesis, Optical Flow Estimation, Pose Estimation

Real-time 3D reconstruction of surgical scenes plays a vital role in computer-assisted surgery, holding a promise to enhance surgeons' visibility. Recent advancements in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have shown great potential for real-time novel view synthesis of general scenes, which relies on accurate poses and point clouds generated by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) for initialization. However, 3DGS with SfM fails to recover accurate camera poses and geometry in surgical scenes due to the challenges of minimal textures and photometric inconsistencies. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose the first SfM-free 3DGS-based method for surgical scene reconstruction by jointly optimizing the camera poses and scene representation. Based on the video continuity, the key of our method is to exploit the immediate optical flow priors to guide the projection flow derived from 3D Gaussians. Unlike most previous methods relying on photometric loss only, we formulate the pose estimation problem as minimizing the flow loss between the projection flow and optical flow. A consistency check is further introduced to filter the flow outliers by detecting the rigid and reliable points that satisfy the epipolar geometry. During 3D Gaussian optimization, we randomly sample frames to optimize the scene representations to grow the 3D Gaussian progressively. Experiments on the SCARED dataset demonstrate our superior performance over existing methods in novel view synthesis and pose estimation with high efficiency. Code is available at https://github.com/wrld/Free-SurGS.
Non-Adversarial Learning: Vector-Quantized Common Latent Space for Multi-Sequence MRI
Authors: Luyi Han, Tao Tan, Tianyu Zhang, Xin Wang, Yuan Gao, Chunyao Lu, Xinglong Liang, Haoran Dou, Yunzhi Huang, Ritse Mann
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: BraTS2021, Contrastive Learning, One-Shot Segmentation

Adversarial learning helps generative models translate MRI from source to target sequence when lacking paired samples. However, implementing MRI synthesis with adversarial learning in clinical settings is challenging due to training instability and mode collapse. To address this issue, we leverage intermediate sequences to estimate the common latent space among multi-sequence MRI, enabling the reconstruction of distinct sequences from the common latent space. We propose a generative model that compresses discrete representations of each sequence to estimate the Gaussian distribution of vector-quantized common (VQC) latent space between multiple sequences. Moreover, we improve the latent space consistency with contrastive learning and increase model stability by domain augmentation. Experiments using BraTS2021 dataset show that our non-adversarial model outperforms other GAN-based methods, and VQC latent space aids our model to achieve (1) anti-interference ability, which can eliminate the effects of noise, bias fields, and artifacts, and (2) solid semantic representation ability, with the potential of one-shot segmentation. Our code is publicly available.
Domain-independent detection of known anomalies
Authors: Jonas Bühler, Jonas Fehrenbach, Lucas Steinmann, Christian Nauck, Marios Koulakis
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Anomaly Detection, Domain Generalization

One persistent obstacle in industrial quality inspection is the detection of anomalies. In real-world use cases, two problems must be addressed: anomalous data is sparse and the same types of anomalies need to be detected on previously unseen objects. Current anomaly detection approaches can be trained with sparse nominal data, whereas domain generalization approaches enable detecting objects in previously unseen domains. Utilizing those two observations, we introduce the hybrid task of domain generalization on sparse classes. To introduce an accompanying dataset for this task, we present a modification of the well-established MVTec AD dataset by generating three new datasets. In addition to applying existing methods for benchmark, we design two embedding-based approaches, Spatial Embedding MLP (SEMLP) and Labeled PatchCore. Overall, SEMLP achieves the best performance with an average image-level AUROC of 87.2 % vs. 80.4 % by MIRO. The new and openly available datasets allow for further research to improve industrial anomaly detection.
Single Image Rolling Shutter Removal with Diffusion Models
Authors: Zhanglei Yang, Haipeng Li, Mingbo Hong, Bing Zeng, Shuaicheng Liu
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00

We present RS-Diffusion, the first Diffusion Models-based method for single-frame Rolling Shutter (RS) correction. RS artifacts compromise visual quality of frames due to the row wise exposure of CMOS sensors. Most previous methods have focused on multi-frame approaches, using temporal information from consecutive frames for the motion rectification. However, few approaches address the more challenging but important single frame RS correction. In this work, we present an ``image-to-motion'' framework via diffusion techniques, with a designed patch-attention module. In addition, we present the RS-Real dataset, comprised of captured RS frames alongside their corresponding Global Shutter (GS) ground-truth pairs. The GS frames are corrected from the RS ones, guided by the corresponding Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) gyroscope data acquired during capture. Experiments show that our RS-Diffusion surpasses previous single RS correction methods. Our method and proposed RS-Real dataset lay a solid foundation for advancing the field of RS correction.
Self-supervised Vision Transformer are Scalable Generative Models for Domain Generalization
Authors: Sebastian Doerrich, Francesco Di Salvo, Christian Ledig
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Color Normalization, Data Augmentation, Domain Generalization

Despite notable advancements, the integration of deep learning (DL) techniques into impactful clinical applications, particularly in the realm of digital histopathology, has been hindered by challenges associated with achieving robust generalization across diverse imaging domains and characteristics. Traditional mitigation strategies in this field such as data augmentation and stain color normalization have proven insufficient in addressing this limitation, necessitating the exploration of alternative methodologies. To this end, we propose a novel generative method for domain generalization in histopathology images. Our method employs a generative, self-supervised Vision Transformer to dynamically extract characteristics of image patches and seamlessly infuse them into the original images, thereby creating novel, synthetic images with diverse attributes. By enriching the dataset with such synthesized images, we aim to enhance its holistic nature, facilitating improved generalization of DL models to unseen domains. Extensive experiments conducted on two distinct histopathology datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, outperforming the state of the art substantially, on the Camelyon17-wilds challenge dataset (+2%) and on a second epithelium-stroma dataset (+26%). Furthermore, we emphasize our method's ability to readily scale with increasingly available unlabeled data samples and more complex, higher parametric architectures. Source code is available at https://github.com/sdoerrich97/vits-are-generative-models .
An Uncertainty-guided Tiered Self-training Framework for Active Source-free Domain Adaptation in Prostate Segmentation
Authors: Zihao Luo, Xiangde Luo, Zijun Gao, Guotai Wang
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, MRI segmentation, Segmentation, Self-Learning, Semantic Segmentation, Source-Free Domain Adaptation

Deep learning models have exhibited remarkable efficacy in accurately delineating the prostate for diagnosis and treatment of prostate diseases, but challenges persist in achieving robust generalization across different medical centers. Source-free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) is a promising technique to adapt deep segmentation models to address privacy and security concerns while reducing domain shifts between source and target domains. However, recent literature indicates that the performance of SFDA remains far from satisfactory due to unpredictable domain gaps. Annotating a few target domain samples is acceptable, as it can lead to significant performance improvement with a low annotation cost. Nevertheless, due to extremely limited annotation budgets, careful consideration is needed in selecting samples for annotation. Inspired by this, our goal is to develop Active Source-free Domain Adaptation (ASFDA) for medical image segmentation. Specifically, we propose a novel Uncertainty-guided Tiered Self-training (UGTST) framework, consisting of efficient active sample selection via entropy-based primary local peak filtering to aggregate global uncertainty and diversity-aware redundancy filter, coupled with a tiered self-learning strategy, achieves stable domain adaptation. Experimental results on cross-center prostate MRI segmentation datasets revealed that our method yielded marked advancements, with a mere 5% annotation, exhibiting an average Dice score enhancement of 9.78% and 7.58% in two target domains compared with state-of-the-art methods, on par with fully supervised learning. Code is available at:https://github.com/HiLab-git/UGTST
Explicitly Guided Information Interaction Network for Cross-modal Point Cloud Completion
Authors: Hang Xu, Chen Long, Wenxiao Zhang, YuAn Liu, Zhen Cao, Zhen Dong, Bisheng Yang
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Point Cloud Completion

In this paper, we explore a novel framework, EGIInet (Explicitly Guided Information Interaction Network), a model for View-guided Point cloud Completion (ViPC) task, which aims to restore a complete point cloud from a partial one with a single view image. In comparison with previous methods that relied on the global semantics of input images, EGIInet efficiently combines the information from two modalities by leveraging the geometric nature of the completion task. Specifically, we propose an explicitly guided information interaction strategy supported by modal alignment for point cloud completion. First, in contrast to previous methods which simply use 2D and 3D backbones to encode features respectively, we unified the encoding process to promote modal alignment. Second, we propose a novel explicitly guided information interaction strategy that could help the network identify critical information within images, thus achieving better guidance for completion. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, and we achieved a new state-of-the-art (+16% CD over XMFnet) in benchmark datasets despite using fewer parameters than the previous methods. The pre-trained model and code and are available at https://github.com/WHU-USI3DV/EGIInet.
LMBF-Net: A Lightweight Multipath Bidirectional Focal Attention Network for Multifeatures Segmentation
Authors: Tariq M Khan, Shahzaib Iqbal, Syed S. Naqvi, Imran Razzak, Erik Meijering
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder

Retinal diseases can cause irreversible vision loss in both eyes if not diagnosed and treated early. Since retinal diseases are so complicated, retinal imaging is likely to show two or more abnormalities. Current deep learning techniques for segmenting retinal images with many labels and attributes have poor detection accuracy and generalisability. This paper presents a multipath convolutional neural network for multifeature segmentation. The proposed network is lightweight and spatially sensitive to information. A patch-based implementation is used to extract local image features, and focal modulation attention blocks are incorporated between the encoder and the decoder for improved segmentation. Filter optimisation is used to prevent filter overlaps and speed up model convergence. A combination of convolution operations and group convolution operations is used to reduce computational costs. This is the first robust and generalisable network capable of segmenting multiple features of fundus images (including retinal vessels, microaneurysms, optic discs, haemorrhages, hard exudates, and soft exudates). The results of our experimental evaluation on more than ten publicly available datasets with multiple features show that the proposed network outperforms recent networks despite having a small number of learnable parameters.
A Spatio-Temporal Representation Learning as an Alternative to Traditional Glosses in Sign Language Translation and Production
Authors: Eui Jun Hwang, Sukmin Cho, Huije Lee, Youngwoo Yoon, Jong C. Park
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Gloss-free Sign Language Translation, Representation Learning, Self-Supervised Learning, Sign Language Production, Sign Language Recognition, Sign Language Translation, Translation

This work addresses the challenges associated with the use of glosses in both Sign Language Translation (SLT) and Sign Language Production (SLP). While glosses have long been used as a bridge between sign language and spoken language, they come with two major limitations that impede the advancement of sign language systems. First, annotating the glosses is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process, which limits the scalability of datasets. Second, the glosses oversimplify sign language by stripping away its spatio-temporal dynamics, reducing complex signs to basic labels and missing the subtle movements essential for precise interpretation. To address these limitations, we introduce Universal Gloss-level Representation (UniGloR), a framework designed to capture the spatio-temporal features inherent in sign language, providing a more dynamic and detailed alternative to the use of the glosses. The core idea of UniGloR is simple yet effective: We derive dense spatio-temporal representations from sign keypoint sequences using self-supervised learning and seamlessly integrate them into SLT and SLP tasks. Our experiments in a keypoint-based setting demonstrate that UniGloR either outperforms or matches the performance of previous SLT and SLP methods on two widely-used datasets: PHOENIX14T and How2Sign.
Plant Doctor: A hybrid machine learning and image segmentation software to quantify plant damage in video footage
Authors: Marc Josep Montagut Marques, Liu Mingxin, Kuri Thomas Shiojiri, Tomika Hagiwara, Kayo Hirose, Kaori Shiojiri, Shinjiro Umezu
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Diagnostic, Hybrid Machine Learning, Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Artificial intelligence has significantly advanced the automation of diagnostic processes, benefiting various fields including agriculture. This study introduces an AI-based system for the automatic diagnosis of urban street plants using video footage obtained with accessible camera devices. The system aims to monitor plant health on a day-to-day basis, aiding in the control of disease spreading in urban areas. By combining two machine vision algorithms, YOLOv8 and DeepSORT, the system efficiently identifies and tracks individual leaves, extracting the optimal images for health analysis. YOLOv8, chosen for its speed and computational efficiency, locates leaves, while DeepSORT ensures robust tracking in complex environments. For detailed health assessment, DeepLabV3Plus, a convolutional neural network, is employed to segment and quantify leaf damage caused by bacteria, pests, and fungi. The hybrid system, named Plant Doctor, has been trained and validated using a diverse dataset including footage from Tokyo urban plants. The results demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the system in diagnosing leaf damage, with potential applications in large scale urban flora illness monitoring. This approach provides a non-invasive, efficient, and scalable solution for urban tree health management, supporting sustainable urban ecosystems.
Multi-Task Domain Adaptation for Language Grounding with 3D Objects
Authors: Penglei Sun, Yaoxian Song, Xinglin Pan, Peijie Dong, Xiaofei Yang, Qiang Wang, Zhixu Li, Tiefeng Li, Xiaowen Chu
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Multi-Task Learning

The existing works on object-level language grounding with 3D objects mostly focus on improving performance by utilizing the off-the-shelf pre-trained models to capture features, such as viewpoint selection or geometric priors. However, they have failed to consider exploring the cross-modal representation of language-vision alignment in the cross-domain field. To answer this problem, we propose a novel method called Domain Adaptation for Language Grounding (DA4LG) with 3D objects. Specifically, the proposed DA4LG consists of a visual adapter module with multi-task learning to realize vision-language alignment by comprehensive multimodal feature representation. Experimental results demonstrate that DA4LG competitively performs across visual and non-visual language descriptions, independent of the completeness of observation. DA4LG achieves state-of-the-art performance in the single-view setting and multi-view setting with the accuracy of 83.8% and 86.8% respectively in the language grounding benchmark SNARE. The simulation experiments show the well-practical and generalized performance of DA4LG compared to the existing methods. Our project is available at https://sites.google.com/view/da4lg.
Exploiting Precision Mapping and Component-Specific Feature Enhancement for Breast Cancer Segmentation and Identification
Authors: Pandiyaraju V, Shravan Venkatraman, Pavan Kumar S, Santhosh Malarvannan, Kannan A
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification, Diagnostic, Lesion Segmentation, Medical Image Analysis, Segmentation

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, and thus there is an urgent need for early and accurate diagnostic techniques. Although ultrasound imaging is a widely used technique for breast cancer screening, it faces challenges such as poor boundary delineation caused by variations in tumor morphology and reduced diagnostic accuracy due to inconsistent image quality. To address these challenges, we propose novel Deep Learning (DL) frameworks for breast lesion segmentation and classification. We introduce a precision mapping mechanism (PMM) for a precision mapping and attention-driven LinkNet (PMAD-LinkNet) segmentation framework that dynamically adapts spatial mappings through morphological variation analysis, enabling precise pixel-level refinement of tumor boundaries. Subsequently, we introduce a component-specific feature enhancement module (CSFEM) for a component-specific feature-enhanced classifier (CSFEC-Net). Through a multi-level attention approach, the CSFEM magnifies distinguishing features of benign, malignant, and normal tissues. The proposed frameworks are evaluated against existing literature and a diverse set of state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. The obtained results show that our segmentation model achieves an accuracy of 98.1%, an IoU of 96.9%, and a Dice Coefficient of 97.2%. For the classification model, an accuracy of 99.2% is achieved with F1-score, precision, and recall values of 99.1%, 99.3%, and 99.1%, respectively.
A Pairwise DomMix Attentive Adversarial Network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Object Detection
Authors: Jie Shao, Jiacheng Wu, Wenzhong Shen, Cheng Yang
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: object-detection, Object Detection

Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Object Detection (DAOD) could adapt a model trained on a source domain to an unlabeled target domain for object detection. Existing unsupervised DAOD methods usually perform feature alignments from the target to the source. Unidirectional domain transfer would omit information about the target samples and result in suboptimal adaptation when there are large domain shifts. Therefore, we propose a pairwise attentive adversarial network with a Domain Mixup (DomMix) module to mitigate the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, a deep-level mixup is employed to construct an intermediate domain that allows features from both domains to share their differences. Then a pairwise attentive adversarial network is applied with attentive encoding on both image-level and instance-level features at different scales and optimizes domain alignment by adversarial learning. This allows the network to focus on regions with disparate contextual information and learn their similarities between different domains. Extensive experiments are conducted on several benchmark datasets, demonstrating the superiority of our proposed method.
Style Alignment based Dynamic Observation Method for UAV-View Geo-localization
Authors: Jie Shao, LingHao Jiang
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: geo-localization

The task of UAV-view geo-localization is to estimate the localization of a query satellite/drone image by matching it against a reference dataset consisting of drone/satellite images. Though tremendous strides have been made in feature alignment between satellite and drone views, vast differences in both inter and intra-class due to changes in viewpoint, altitude, and lighting remain a huge challenge. In this paper, a style alignment based dynamic observation method for UAV-view geo-localization is proposed to meet the above challenges from two perspectives: visual style transformation and surrounding noise control. Specifically, we introduce a style alignment strategy to transfrom the diverse visual style of drone-view images into a unified satellite images visual style. Then a dynamic observation module is designed to evaluate the spatial distribution of images by mimicking human observation habits. It is featured by the hierarchical attention block (HAB) with a dual-square-ring stream structure, to reduce surrounding noise and geographical deformation. In addition, we propose a deconstruction loss to push away features of different geo-tags and squeeze knowledge from unmatched images by correlation calculation. The experimental results demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our model on benchmarked datasets. In particular, when compared to the prior art on University-1652, our results surpass the best of them (FSRA), while only requiring 2x fewer parameters. Code will be released at https://github.com/Xcco1/SA\_DOM
A Radiometric Correction based Optical Modeling Approach to Removing Reflection Noise in TLS Point Clouds of Urban Scenes
Authors: Li Fang, Tianyu Li, Yanghong Lin, Shudong Zhou, Wei Yao
Date: 2024-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, Autonomous Driving, Outlier Detection

Point clouds are vital in computer vision tasks such as 3D reconstruction, autonomous driving, and robotics. However, TLS-acquired point clouds often contain virtual points from reflective surfaces, causing disruptions. This study presents a reflection noise elimination algorithm for TLS point clouds. Our innovative reflection plane detection algorithm, based on geometry-optical models and physical properties, identifies and categorizes reflection points per optical reflection theory. We've adapted the LSFH feature descriptor to retain reflection features, mitigating interference from symmetrical architectural structures. By incorporating the Hausdorff feature distance, the algorithm enhances resilience to ghosting and deformation, improving virtual point detection accuracy. Extensive experiments on the 3DRN benchmark dataset, featuring diverse urban environments with virtual TLS reflection noise, show our algorithm improves precision and recall rates for 3D points in reflective regions by 57.03\% and 31.80\%, respectively. Our method achieves a 9.17\% better outlier detection rate and 5.65\% higher accuracy than leading methods. Access the 3DRN dataset at (https://github.com/Tsuiky/3DRN).