pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
FreqX: Analyze the Attribution Methods in Another Domain
Authors: Zechen Liu, Feiyang Zhang, Wei Song, Xiang Li, Wei Wei
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Fairness

Personalized Federal learning(PFL) allows clients to cooperatively train a personalized model without disclosing their private dataset. However, PFL suffers from Non-IID, heterogeneous devices, lack of fairness, and unclear contribution which urgently need the interpretability of deep learning model to overcome these challenges. These challenges proposed new demands for interpretability. Low cost, privacy, and detailed information. There is no current interpretability method satisfying them. In this paper, we propose a novel interpretability method \emph{FreqX} by introducing Signal Processing and Information Theory. Our experiments show that the explanation results of FreqX contain both attribution information and concept information. FreqX runs at least 10 times faster than the baselines which contain concept information.
Helvipad: A Real-World Dataset for Omnidirectional Stereo Depth Estimation
Authors: Mehdi Zayene, Jannik Endres, Albias Havolli, Charles Corbière, Salim Cherkaoui, Alexandre Kontouli, Alexandre Alahi
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Depth Completion, Depth Estimation, Omnnidirectional Stereo Depth Estimation, Stereo Depth Estimation

Despite progress in stereo depth estimation, omnidirectional imaging remains underexplored, mainly due to the lack of appropriate data. We introduce Helvipad, a real-world dataset for omnidirectional stereo depth estimation, featuring 40K video frames from video sequences across diverse environments, including crowded indoor and outdoor scenes with various lighting conditions. Collected using two 360{\deg} cameras in a top-bottom setup and a LiDAR sensor, the dataset includes accurate depth and disparity labels by projecting 3D point clouds onto equirectangular images. Additionally, we provide an augmented training set with an increased label density by using depth completion. We benchmark leading stereo depth estimation models for both standard and omnidirectional images. The results show that while recent stereo methods perform decently, a challenge persists in accurately estimating depth in omnidirectional imaging. To address this, we introduce necessary adaptations to stereo models, leading to improved performance.
RITA: Automatic Framework for Designing of Resilient IoT Applications
Authors: Luis Eduardo Pessoa, Cristovao Freitas Iglesias Jr, Claudio Miceli
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: named-entity-recognition, Named Entity Recognition, Named Entity Recognition (NER), NER

Designing resilient Internet of Things (IoT) systems requires i) identification of IoT Critical Objects (ICOs) such as services, devices, and resources, ii) threat analysis, and iii) mitigation strategy selection. However, the traditional process for designing resilient IoT systems is still manual, leading to inefficiencies and increased risks. In addition, while tools such as ChatGPT could support this manual and highly error-prone process, their use raises concerns over data privacy, inconsistent outputs, and internet dependence. Therefore, we propose RITA, an automated, open-source framework that uses a fine-tuned RoBERTa-based Named Entity Recognition (NER) model to identify ICOs from IoT requirement documents, correlate threats, and recommend countermeasures. RITA operates entirely offline and can be deployed on-site, safeguarding sensitive information and delivering consistent outputs that enhance standardization. In our empirical evaluation, RITA outperformed ChatGPT in four of seven ICO categories, particularly in actuator, sensor, network resource, and service identification, using both human-annotated and ChatGPT-generated test data. These findings indicate that RITA can improve resilient IoT design by effectively supporting key security operations, offering a practical solution for developing robust IoT architectures.
Learning optimal objective values for MILP
Authors: Lara Scavuzzo, Karen Aardal, Neil Yorke-Smith
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Graph Neural Network

Modern Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solvers use the Branch-and-Bound algorithm together with a plethora of auxiliary components that speed up the search. In recent years, there has been an explosive development in the use of machine learning for enhancing and supporting these algorithmic components. Within this line, we propose a methodology for predicting the optimal objective value, or, equivalently, predicting if the current incumbent is optimal. For this task, we introduce a predictor based on a graph neural network (GNN) architecture, together with a set of dynamic features. Experimental results on diverse benchmarks demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, achieving high accuracy in the prediction task and outperforming existing methods. These findings suggest new opportunities for integrating ML-driven predictions into MILP solvers, enabling smarter decision-making and improved performance.
Continual Learning in Machine Speech Chain Using Gradient Episodic Memory
Authors: Geoffrey Tyndall, Kurniawati Azizah, Dipta Tanaya, Ayu Purwarianti, Dessi Puji Lestari, Sakriani Sakti
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Continual Learning, speech-recognition, Speech Recognition, text-to-speech, Text to Speech

Continual learning for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems poses a challenge, especially with the need to avoid catastrophic forgetting while maintaining performance on previously learned tasks. This paper introduces a novel approach leveraging the machine speech chain framework to enable continual learning in ASR using gradient episodic memory (GEM). By incorporating a text-to-speech (TTS) component within the machine speech chain, we support the replay mechanism essential for GEM, allowing the ASR model to learn new tasks sequentially without significant performance degradation on earlier tasks. Our experiments, conducted on the LJ Speech dataset, demonstrate that our method outperforms traditional fine-tuning and multitask learning approaches, achieving a substantial error rate reduction while maintaining high performance across varying noise conditions. We showed the potential of our semi-supervised machine speech chain approach for effective and efficient continual learning in speech recognition.
MvKeTR: Chest CT Report Generation with Multi-View Perception and Knowledge Enhancement
Authors: Xiwei Deng, Xianchun He, Jiangfeng Bao, Yudan Zhou, Shuhui Cai, Congbo Cai, Zhong Chen
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Diagnostic, Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

CT report generation (CTRG) aims to automatically generate diagnostic reports for 3D volumes, relieving clinicians' workload and improving patient care. Despite clinical value, existing works fail to effectively incorporate diagnostic information from multiple anatomical views and lack related clinical expertise essential for accurate and reliable diagnosis. To resolve these limitations, we propose a novel Multi-view perception Knowledge-enhanced Transformer (MvKeTR) to mimic the diagnostic workflow of clinicians. Just as radiologists first examine CT scans from multiple planes, a Multi-View Perception Aggregator (MVPA) with view-aware attention effectively synthesizes diagnostic information from multiple anatomical views. Then, inspired by how radiologists further refer to relevant clinical records to guide diagnostic decision-making, a Cross-Modal Knowledge Enhancer (CMKE) retrieves the most similar reports based on the query volume to incorporate domain knowledge into the diagnosis procedure. Furthermore, instead of traditional MLPs, we employ Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) with learnable nonlinear activation functions as the fundamental building blocks of both modules to better capture intricate diagnostic patterns in CT interpretation. Extensive experiments on the public CTRG-Chest-548K dataset demonstrate that our method outpaces prior state-of-the-art (SOTA) models across almost all metrics. The code will be made publicly available.
Application of Soft Actor-Critic Algorithms in Optimizing Wastewater Treatment with Time Delays Integration
Authors: Esmaeel Mohammadi, Daniel Ortiz-Arroyo, Aviaja Anna Hansen, Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard, Sebastien Gros, Akhil S Anand, Petar Durdevic
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Reinforcement Learning, reinforcement-learning, Reinforcement Learning

Wastewater treatment plants face unique challenges for process control due to their complex dynamics, slow time constants, and stochastic delays in observations and actions. These characteristics make conventional control methods, such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers, suboptimal for achieving efficient phosphorus removal, a critical component of wastewater treatment to ensure environmental sustainability. This study addresses these challenges using a novel deep reinforcement learning approach based on the Soft Actor-Critic algorithm, integrated with a custom simulator designed to model the delayed feedback inherent in wastewater treatment plants. The simulator incorporates Long Short-Term Memory networks for accurate multi-step state predictions, enabling realistic training scenarios. To account for the stochastic nature of delays, agents were trained under three delay scenarios: no delay, constant delay, and random delay. The results demonstrate that incorporating random delays into the reinforcement learning framework significantly improves phosphorus removal efficiency while reducing operational costs. Specifically, the delay-aware agent achieved 36% reduction in phosphorus emissions, 55% higher reward, 77% lower target deviation from the regulatory limit, and 9% lower total costs than traditional control methods in the simulated environment. These findings underscore the potential of reinforcement learning to overcome the limitations of conventional control strategies in wastewater treatment, providing an adaptive and cost-effective solution for phosphorus removal.
Aligning Pre-trained Models for Spoken Language Translation
Authors: Šimon Sedláček, Santosh Kesiraju, Alexander Polok, Jan Černocký
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Machine Translation, speech-recognition, Speech Recognition, Translation

This paper investigates a novel approach to end-to-end speech translation (ST) based on aligning frozen pre-trained automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) models via a small connector module (Q-Former, our Subsampler-Transformer Encoder). This connector bridges the gap between the speech and text modalities, transforming ASR encoder embeddings into the latent representation space of the MT encoder while being the only part of the system optimized during training. Experiments are conducted on the How2 English-Portuguese dataset as we investigate the alignment approach in a small-scale scenario focusing on ST. While keeping the size of the connector module constant and small in comparison ( < 5% of the size of the larger aligned models), increasing the size and capability of the foundation ASR and MT models universally improves translation results. We also find that the connectors can serve as domain adapters for the foundation MT models, significantly improving translation performance in the aligned ST setting. We conclude that this approach represents a viable and scalable approach to training end-to-end ST systems.
DualCast: Disentangling Aperiodic Events from Traffic Series with a Dual-Branch Model
Authors: Xinyu Su, Feng Liu, Yanchuan Chang, Egemen Tanin, Majid Sarvi, Jianzhong Qi
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00

Traffic forecasting is an important problem in the operation and optimisation of transportation systems. State-of-the-art solutions train machine learning models by minimising the mean forecasting errors on the training data. The trained models often favour periodic events instead of aperiodic ones in their prediction results, as periodic events often prevail in the training data. While offering critical optimisation opportunities, aperiodic events such as traffic incidents may be missed by the existing models. To address this issue, we propose DualCast -- a model framework to enhance the learning capability of traffic forecasting models, especially for aperiodic events. DualCast takes a dual-branch architecture, to disentangle traffic signals into two types, one reflecting intrinsic {spatial-temporal} patterns and the other reflecting external environment contexts including aperiodic events. We further propose a cross-time attention mechanism, to capture high-order spatial-temporal relationships from both periodic and aperiodic patterns. DualCast is versatile. We integrate it with recent traffic forecasting models, consistently reducing their forecasting errors by up to 9.6% on multiple real datasets.
Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey
Authors: Chaoyun Zhang, Shilin He, Jiaxu Qian, Bowen Li, Liqun Li, Si Qin, Yu Kang, Minghua Ma, Guyue Liu, QIngwei Lin, Saravan Rajmohan, Dongmei Zhang, Qi Zhang
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Code Generation, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, model, Natural Language Understanding, Survey

GUIs have long been central to human-computer interaction, providing an intuitive and visually-driven way to access and interact with digital systems. The advent of LLMs, particularly multimodal models, has ushered in a new era of GUI automation. They have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in natural language understanding, code generation, and visual processing. This has paved the way for a new generation of LLM-brained GUI agents capable of interpreting complex GUI elements and autonomously executing actions based on natural language instructions. These agents represent a paradigm shift, enabling users to perform intricate, multi-step tasks through simple conversational commands. Their applications span across web navigation, mobile app interactions, and desktop automation, offering a transformative user experience that revolutionizes how individuals interact with software. This emerging field is rapidly advancing, with significant progress in both research and industry. To provide a structured understanding of this trend, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of LLM-brained GUI agents, exploring their historical evolution, core components, and advanced techniques. We address research questions such as existing GUI agent frameworks, the collection and utilization of data for training specialized GUI agents, the development of large action models tailored for GUI tasks, and the evaluation metrics and benchmarks necessary to assess their effectiveness. Additionally, we examine emerging applications powered by these agents. Through a detailed analysis, this survey identifies key research gaps and outlines a roadmap for future advancements in the field. By consolidating foundational knowledge and state-of-the-art developments, this work aims to guide both researchers and practitioners in overcoming challenges and unlocking the full potential of LLM-brained GUI agents.
GAPartManip: A Large-scale Part-centric Dataset for Material-Agnostic Articulated Object Manipulation
Authors: Wenbo Cui, Chengyang Zhao, Songlin Wei, Jiazhao Zhang, Haoran Geng, Yaran Chen, Haoran Li, He Wang
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation, Diversity, Pose Prediction

Effectively manipulating articulated objects in household scenarios is a crucial step toward achieving general embodied artificial intelligence. Mainstream research in 3D vision has primarily focused on manipulation through depth perception and pose detection. However, in real-world environments, these methods often face challenges due to imperfect depth perception, such as with transparent lids and reflective handles. Moreover, they generally lack the diversity in part-based interactions required for flexible and adaptable manipulation. To address these challenges, we introduced a large-scale part-centric dataset for articulated object manipulation that features both photo-realistic material randomization and detailed annotations of part-oriented, scene-level actionable interaction poses. We evaluated the effectiveness of our dataset by integrating it with several state-of-the-art methods for depth estimation and interaction pose prediction. Additionally, we proposed a novel modular framework that delivers superior and robust performance for generalizable articulated object manipulation. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our dataset significantly improves the performance of depth perception and actionable interaction pose prediction in both simulation and real-world scenarios. More information and demos can be found at: https://pku-epic.github.io/GAPartManip/.
Wearable intelligent throat enables natural speech in stroke patients with dysarthria
Authors: Chenyu Tang, Shuo Gao, Cong Li, Wentian Yi, Yuxuan Jin, Xiaoxue Zhai, Sixuan Lei, Hongbei Meng, Zibo Zhang, Muzi Xu, Shengbo Wang, Xuhang Chen, Chenxi Wang, Hongyun Yang, Ningli Wang, Wenyu Wang, Jin Cao, Xiaodong Feng, Peter Smielewski, Yu Pan, Wenhui Song, Martin Birchall, Luigi G. Occhipinti
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Sentence

Wearable silent speech systems hold significant potential for restoring communication in patients with speech impairments. However, seamless, coherent speech remains elusive, and clinical efficacy is still unproven. Here, we present an AI-driven intelligent throat (IT) system that integrates throat muscle vibrations and carotid pulse signal sensors with large language model (LLM) processing to enable fluent, emotionally expressive communication. The system utilizes ultrasensitive textile strain sensors to capture high-quality signals from the neck area and supports token-level processing for real-time, continuous speech decoding, enabling seamless, delay-free communication. In tests with five stroke patients with dysarthria, IT's LLM agents intelligently corrected token errors and enriched sentence-level emotional and logical coherence, achieving low error rates (4.2% word error rate, 2.9% sentence error rate) and a 55% increase in user satisfaction. This work establishes a portable, intuitive communication platform for patients with dysarthria with the potential to be applied broadly across different neurological conditions and in multi-language support systems.
Multimodal Integration of Longitudinal Noninvasive Diagnostics for Survival Prediction in Immunotherapy Using Deep Learning
Authors: Melda Yeghaian, Zuhir Bodalal, Daan van den Broek, John B A G Haanen, Regina G H Beets-Tan, Stefano Trebeschi, Marcel A J van Gerven
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Survival Prediction

Purpose: Immunotherapies have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatments. However, our understanding of response patterns in advanced cancers treated with immunotherapy remains limited. By leveraging routinely collected noninvasive longitudinal and multimodal data with artificial intelligence, we could unlock the potential to transform immunotherapy for cancer patients, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches. Methods: In this study, we developed a novel artificial neural network architecture, multimodal transformer-based simple temporal attention (MMTSimTA) network, building upon a combination of recent successful developments. We integrated pre- and on-treatment blood measurements, prescribed medications and CT-based volumes of organs from a large pan-cancer cohort of 694 patients treated with immunotherapy to predict mortality at three, six, nine and twelve months. Different variants of our extended MMTSimTA network were implemented and compared to baseline methods incorporating intermediate and late fusion based integration methods. Results: The strongest prognostic performance was demonstrated using a variant of the MMTSimTA model with area under the curves (AUCs) of $0.84 \pm $0.04, $0.83 \pm $0.02, $0.82 \pm $0.02, $0.81 \pm $0.03 for 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month survival prediction, respectively. Discussion: Our findings show that integrating noninvasive longitudinal data using our novel architecture yields an improved multimodal prognostic performance, especially in short-term survival prediction. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that multimodal longitudinal integration of noninvasive data using deep learning may offer a promising approach for personalized prognostication in immunotherapy-treated cancer patients.
IKUN: Initialization to Keep snn training and generalization great with sUrrogate-stable variaNce
Authors: Da Chang, DeLiang Wang, Xiao Yang
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00

Weight initialization significantly impacts the convergence and performance of neural networks. While traditional methods like Xavier and Kaiming initialization are widely used, they often fall short for spiking neural networks (SNNs), which have distinct requirements compared to artificial neural networks (ANNs). To address this, we introduce \textbf{IKUN}, a variance-stabilizing initialization method integrated with surrogate gradient functions, specifically designed for SNNs. \textbf{IKUN} stabilizes signal propagation, accelerates convergence, and enhances generalization. Experiments show \textbf{IKUN} improves training efficiency by up to \textbf{50\%}, achieving \textbf{95\%} training accuracy and \textbf{91\%} generalization accuracy. Hessian analysis reveals that \textbf{IKUN}-trained models converge to flatter minima, characterized by Hessian eigenvalues near zero on the positive side, promoting better generalization. The method is open-sourced for further exploration: \href{https://github.com/MaeChd/SurrogateVarStabe}{https://github.com/MaeChd/SurrogateVarStabe}.
Thai Financial Domain Adaptation of THaLLE -- Technical Report
Authors: KBTG Labs, Atthakorn Petchsod, Pornchanan Balee, Danupat Khamnuansin, Anuruth Lertpiya, Chanatip Saetia, Tawunrat Chalothorn, Thadpong Pongthawornkamol, Monchai Lertsutthiwong
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Data Augmentation, Domain Adaptation

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general tasks but struggle with domain-specific challenges, such as specialized terminology and localized regulations. Existing financial LLMs, like FinGPT and BloombergGPT, lack support for the Thai financial domain. We developed a Thai Financial LLM using the Investment Consultant (IC) exam dataset from the Stock Exchange of Thailand. To address dataset limitations, we applied data augmentation, ReLoRA for efficient training, Continued Pretraining (CPT) for domain knowledge, and Rank-Stabilized LoRA (rsLoRA) for fine-tuning. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) simulated exam scenarios, while Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) refined the model using feedback. The model achieved scores of 72%, 72%, and 84% on IC exam levels P1, P2, and P3, respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness in Thai financial advisory tasks and its potential for specialized applications.