pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
GloFinder: AI-empowered QuPath Plugin for WSI-level Glomerular Detection, Visualization, and Curation
Authors: Jialin Yue, Tianyuan Yao, Ruining Deng, Siqi Lu, Junlin Guo, Quan Liu, Mengmeng Yin, Juming Xiong, Haichun Yang, Yuankai Huo
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Object Localization, whole slide images

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant success in automating the detection of glomeruli, the key functional units of the kidney, from whole slide images (WSIs) in kidney pathology. However, existing open-source tools are often distributed as source code or Docker containers, requiring advanced programming skills that hinder accessibility for non-programmers, such as clinicians. Additionally, current models are typically trained on a single dataset and lack flexibility in adjusting confidence levels for predictions. To overcome these challenges, we introduce GloFinder, a QuPath plugin designed for single-click automated glomeruli detection across entire WSIs with online editing through the graphical user interface (GUI). GloFinder employs CircleNet, an anchor-free detection framework utilizing circle representations for precise object localization, with models trained on approximately 160,000 manually annotated glomeruli. To further enhance accuracy, the plugin incorporates Weighted Circle Fusion (WCF), an ensemble method that combines confidence scores from multiple CircleNet models to produce refined predictions, achieving superior performance in glomerular detection. GloFinder enables direct visualization and editing of results in QuPath, facilitating seamless interaction for clinicians and providing a powerful tool for nephropathology research and clinical practice.
MRI Breast tissue segmentation using nnU-Net for biomechanical modeling
Authors: Melika Pooyan, Hadeel Awwad, Eloy García, Robert Martí
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, Diagnostic, Foreground Segmentation, Segmentation

Integrating 2D mammography with 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. However, this integration is challenging due to differences in imaging modalities and the need for precise tissue segmentation and alignment. This paper addresses these challenges by enhancing biomechanical breast models in two main aspects: improving tissue identification using nnU-Net segmentation models and evaluating finite element (FE) biomechanical solvers, specifically comparing NiftySim and FEBio. We performed a detailed six-class segmentation of breast MRI data using the nnU-Net architecture, achieving Dice Coefficients of 0.94 for fat, 0.88 for glandular tissue, and 0.87 for pectoral muscle. The overall foreground segmentation reached a mean Dice Coefficient of 0.83 through an ensemble of 2D and 3D U-Net configurations, providing a solid foundation for 3D reconstruction and biomechanical modeling. The segmented data was then used to generate detailed 3D meshes and develop biomechanical models using NiftySim and FEBio, which simulate breast tissue's physical behaviors under compression. Our results include a comparison between NiftySim and FEBio, providing insights into the accuracy and reliability of these simulations in studying breast tissue responses under compression. The findings of this study have the potential to improve the integration of 2D and 3D imaging modalities, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning for breast cancer.
Fall Leaf Adversarial Attack on Traffic Sign Classification
Authors: Anthony Etim, Jakub Szefer
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Attack, Classification, Edge Detection, image-classification, Image Classification

Adversarial input image perturbation attacks have emerged as a significant threat to machine learning algorithms, particularly in image classification setting. These attacks involve subtle perturbations to input images that cause neural networks to misclassify the input images, even though the images remain easily recognizable to humans. One critical area where adversarial attacks have been demonstrated is in automotive systems where traffic sign classification and recognition is critical, and where misclassified images can cause autonomous systems to take wrong actions. This work presents a new class of adversarial attacks. Unlike existing work that has focused on adversarial perturbations that leverage human-made artifacts to cause the perturbations, such as adding stickers, paint, or shining flashlights at traffic signs, this work leverages nature-made artifacts: tree leaves. By leveraging nature-made artifacts, the new class of attacks has plausible deniability: a fall leaf stuck to a street sign could come from a near-by tree, rather than be placed there by an malicious human attacker. To evaluate the new class of the adversarial input image perturbation attacks, this work analyses how fall leaves can cause misclassification in street signs. The work evaluates various leaves from different species of trees, and considers various parameters such as size, color due to tree leaf type, and rotation. The work demonstrates high success rate for misclassification. The work also explores the correlation between successful attacks and how they affect the edge detection, which is critical in many image classification algorithms.
Multi-Task Learning for Integrated Automated Contouring and Voxel-Based Dose Prediction in Radiotherapy
Authors: SangWook Kim, Aly Khalifa, Thomas G. Purdie, Chris McIntosh
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Multi-Task Learning, Prediction

Deep learning-based automated contouring and treatment planning has been proven to improve the efficiency and accuracy of radiotherapy. However, conventional radiotherapy treatment planning process has the automated contouring and treatment planning as separate tasks. Moreover in deep learning (DL), the contouring and dose prediction tasks for automated treatment planning are done independently. In this study, we applied the multi-task learning (MTL) approach in order to seamlessly integrate automated contouring and voxel-based dose prediction tasks, as MTL can leverage common information between the two tasks and be able able to increase the efficiency of the automated tasks. We developed our MTL framework using the two datasets: in-house prostate cancer dataset and the publicly available head and neck cancer dataset, OpenKBP. Compared to the sequential DL contouring and treatment planning tasks, our proposed method using MTL improved the mean absolute difference of dose volume histogram metrics of prostate and head and neck sites by 19.82% and 16.33%, respectively. Our MTL model for automated contouring and dose prediction tasks demonstrated enhanced dose prediction performance while maintaining or sometimes even improving the contouring accuracy. Compared to the baseline automated contouring model with the dice score coefficients of 0.818 for prostate and 0.674 for head and neck datasets, our MTL approach achieved average scores of 0.824 and 0.716 for these datasets, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of the proposed automated contouring and planning using MTL to support the development of efficient and accurate automated treatment planning for radiotherapy.
DiffMVR: Diffusion-based Automated Multi-Guidance Video Restoration
Authors: Zheyan Zhang, Diego Klabjan, Renee CB Manworren
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Video Inpainting, Video Restoration

In this work, we address a challenge in video inpainting: reconstructing occluded regions in dynamic, real-world scenarios. Motivated by the need for continuous human motion monitoring in healthcare settings, where facial features are frequently obscured, we propose a diffusion-based video-level inpainting model, DiffMVR. Our approach introduces a dynamic dual-guided image prompting system, leveraging adaptive reference frames to guide the inpainting process. This enables the model to capture both fine-grained details and smooth transitions between video frames, offering precise control over inpainting direction and significantly improving restoration accuracy in challenging, dynamic environments. DiffMVR represents a significant advancement in the field of diffusion-based inpainting, with practical implications for real-time applications in various dynamic settings.
The Last Mile to Supervised Performance: Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Daniel Morales-Brotons, Grigorios Chrysos, Stratis Tzoumas, Volkan Cevher
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Domain Adaptation, Semantic Segmentation, Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Supervised deep learning requires massive labeled datasets, but obtaining annotations is not always easy or possible, especially for dense tasks like semantic segmentation. To overcome this issue, numerous works explore Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA), which uses a labeled dataset from another domain (source), or Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL), which trains on a partially labeled set. Despite the success of UDA and SSL, reaching supervised performance at a low annotation cost remains a notoriously elusive goal. To address this, we study the promising setting of Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation (SSDA). We propose a simple SSDA framework that combines consistency regularization, pixel contrastive learning, and self-training to effectively utilize a few target-domain labels. Our method outperforms prior art in the popular GTA-to-Cityscapes benchmark and shows that as little as 50 target labels can suffice to achieve near-supervised performance. Additional results on Synthia-to-Cityscapes, GTA-to-BDD and Synthia-to-BDD further demonstrate the effectiveness and practical utility of the method. Lastly, we find that existing UDA and SSL methods are not well-suited for the SSDA setting and discuss design patterns to adapt them.
Evaluating Vision-Language Models as Evaluators in Path Planning
Authors: Mohamed Aghzal, Xiang Yue, Erion Plaku, Ziyu Yao
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1

Despite their promise to perform complex reasoning, large language models (LLMs) have been shown to have limited effectiveness in end-to-end planning. This has inspired an intriguing question: if these models cannot plan well, can they still contribute to the planning framework as a helpful plan evaluator? In this work, we generalize this question to consider LLMs augmented with visual understanding, i.e., Vision-Language Models (VLMs). We introduce PathEval, a novel benchmark evaluating VLMs as plan evaluators in complex path-planning scenarios. Succeeding in the benchmark requires a VLM to be able to abstract traits of optimal paths from the scenario description, demonstrate precise low-level perception on each path, and integrate this information to decide the better path. Our analysis of state-of-the-art VLMs reveals that these models face significant challenges on the benchmark. We observe that the VLMs can precisely abstract given scenarios to identify the desired traits and exhibit mixed performance in integrating the provided information. Yet, their vision component presents a critical bottleneck, with models struggling to perceive low-level details about a path. Our experimental results show that this issue cannot be trivially addressed via end-to-end fine-tuning; rather, task-specific discriminative adaptation of these vision encoders is needed for these VLMs to become effective path evaluators.
Active Data Curation Effectively Distills Large-Scale Multimodal Models
Authors: Vishaal Udandarao, Nikhil Parthasarathy, Muhammad Ferjad Naeem, Talfan Evans, Samuel Albanie, Federico Tombari, Yongqin Xian, Alessio Tonioni, Olivier J. Hénaff
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Decoder, Image Captioning, Knowledge Distillation, Question Answering, Visual Question Answering, zero-shot-classification, Zero-Shot Learning

Knowledge distillation (KD) is the de facto standard for compressing large-scale models into smaller ones. Prior works have explored ever more complex KD strategies involving different objective functions, teacher-ensembles, and weight inheritance. In this work we explore an alternative, yet simple approach -- active data curation as effective distillation for contrastive multimodal pretraining. Our simple online batch selection method, ACID, outperforms strong KD baselines across various model-, data- and compute-configurations. Further, we find such an active data curation strategy to in fact be complementary to standard KD, and can be effectively combined to train highly performant inference-efficient models. Our simple and scalable pretraining framework, ACED, achieves state-of-the-art results across 27 zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks with upto 11% less inference FLOPs. We further demonstrate that our ACED models yield strong vision-encoders for training generative multimodal models in the LiT-Decoder setting, outperforming larger vision encoders for image-captioning and visual question-answering tasks.
AC3D: Analyzing and Improving 3D Camera Control in Video Diffusion Transformers
Authors: Sherwin Bahmani, Ivan Skorokhodov, Guocheng Qian, Aliaksandr Siarohin, Willi Menapace, Andrea Tagliasacchi, David B. Lindell, Sergey Tulyakov
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Camera Pose Estimation, Pose Estimation, Video Generation

Numerous works have recently integrated 3D camera control into foundational text-to-video models, but the resulting camera control is often imprecise, and video generation quality suffers. In this work, we analyze camera motion from a first principles perspective, uncovering insights that enable precise 3D camera manipulation without compromising synthesis quality. First, we determine that motion induced by camera movements in videos is low-frequency in nature. This motivates us to adjust train and test pose conditioning schedules, accelerating training convergence while improving visual and motion quality. Then, by probing the representations of an unconditional video diffusion transformer, we observe that they implicitly perform camera pose estimation under the hood, and only a sub-portion of their layers contain the camera information. This suggested us to limit the injection of camera conditioning to a subset of the architecture to prevent interference with other video features, leading to a 4x reduction of training parameters, improved training speed, and 10% higher visual quality. Finally, we complement the typical dataset for camera control learning with a curated dataset of 20K diverse, dynamic videos with stationary cameras. This helps the model distinguish between camera and scene motion and improves the dynamics of generated pose-conditioned videos. We compound these findings to design the Advanced 3D Camera Control (AC3D) architecture, the new state-of-the-art model for generative video modeling with camera control.
FactCheXcker: Mitigating Measurement Hallucinations in Chest X-ray Report Generation Models
Authors: Alice Heiman, Xiaoman Zhang, Emma Chen, Sung Eun Kim, Pranav Rajpurkar
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Code Generation, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Medical Report Generation

Medical vision-language model models often struggle with generating accurate quantitative measurements in radiology reports, leading to hallucinations that undermine clinical reliability. We introduce FactCheXcker, a modular framework that de-hallucinates radiology report measurements by leveraging an improved query-code-update paradigm. Specifically, FactCheXcker employs specialized modules and the code generation capabilities of large language models to solve measurement queries generated based on the original report. After extracting measurable findings, the results are incorporated into an updated report. We evaluate FactCheXcker on endotracheal tube placement, which accounts for an average of 78% of report measurements, using the MIMIC-CXR dataset and 11 medical report-generation models. Our results show that FactCheXcker significantly reduces hallucinations, improves measurement precision, and maintains the quality of the original reports. Specifically, FactCheXcker improves the performance of all 11 models and achieves an average improvement of 94.0% in reducing measurement hallucinations measured by mean absolute error.
TAPTRv3: Spatial and Temporal Context Foster Robust Tracking of Any Point in Long Video
Authors: Jinyuan Qu, Hongyang Li, Shilong Liu, Tianhe Ren, Zhaoyang Zeng, Lei Zhang
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Point Tracking

In this paper, we present TAPTRv3, which is built upon TAPTRv2 to improve its point tracking robustness in long videos. TAPTRv2 is a simple DETR-like framework that can accurately track any point in real-world videos without requiring cost-volume. TAPTRv3 improves TAPTRv2 by addressing its shortage in querying high quality features from long videos, where the target tracking points normally undergo increasing variation over time. In TAPTRv3, we propose to utilize both spatial and temporal context to bring better feature querying along the spatial and temporal dimensions for more robust tracking in long videos. For better spatial feature querying, we present Context-aware Cross-Attention (CCA), which leverages surrounding spatial context to enhance the quality of attention scores when querying image features. For better temporal feature querying, we introduce Visibility-aware Long-Temporal Attention (VLTA) to conduct temporal attention to all past frames while considering their corresponding visibilities, which effectively addresses the feature drifting problem in TAPTRv2 brought by its RNN-like long-temporal modeling. TAPTRv3 surpasses TAPTRv2 by a large margin on most of the challenging datasets and obtains state-of-the-art performance. Even when compared with methods trained with large-scale extra internal data, TAPTRv3 is still competitive.
SimCMF: A Simple Cross-modal Fine-tuning Strategy from Vision Foundation Models to Any Imaging Modality
Authors: Chenyang Lei, Liyi Chen, Jun Cen, Xiao Chen, Zhen Lei, Felix Heide, Qifeng Chen, Zhaoxiang Zhang
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: cross-modal alignment

Foundation models like ChatGPT and Sora that are trained on a huge scale of data have made a revolutionary social impact. However, it is extremely challenging for sensors in many different fields to collect similar scales of natural images to train strong foundation models. To this end, this work presents a simple and effective framework, SimCMF, to study an important problem: cross-modal fine-tuning from vision foundation models trained on natural RGB images to other imaging modalities of different physical properties (e.g., polarization). In SimCMF, we conduct a thorough analysis of different basic components from the most naive design and ultimately propose a novel cross-modal alignment module to address the modality misalignment problem. We apply SimCMF to a representative vision foundation model Segment Anything Model (SAM) to support any evaluated new imaging modality. Given the absence of relevant benchmarks, we construct a benchmark for performance evaluation. Our experiments confirm the intriguing potential of transferring vision foundation models in enhancing other sensors' performance. SimCMF can improve the segmentation performance (mIoU) from 22.15% to 53.88% on average for evaluated modalities and consistently outperforms other baselines. The code is available at https://github.com/mt-cly/SimCMF
Towards Chunk-Wise Generation for Long Videos
Authors: Siyang Zhang, Ser-Nam Lim
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, GPU, Video Generation

Generating long-duration videos has always been a significant challenge due to the inherent complexity of spatio-temporal domain and the substantial GPU memory demands required to calculate huge size tensors. While diffusion based generative models achieve state-of-the-art performance in video generation task, they are typically trained with predefined video resolutions and lengths. During inference, a noise tensor with specific resolution and length should be specified at first, and the model will perform denoising on the entire video tensor simultaneously, all the frames together. Such approach will easily raise an out-of-memory (OOM) problem when the specified resolution and/or length exceed a certain limit. One of the solutions to this problem is to generate many short video chunks autoregressively with strong inter-chunk spatio-temporal relation and then concatenate them together to form a long video. In this approach, a long video generation task is divided into multiple short video generation subtasks, and the cost of each subtask is reduced to a feasible level. In this paper, we conduct a detailed survey on long video generation with the autoregressive chunk-by-chunk strategy. We address common problems caused by applying short image-to-video models to long video tasks and design an efficient $k$-step search solution to mitigate these problems.
Point Cloud Unsupervised Pre-training via 3D Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Hao liu, Minglin Chen, Yanni Ma, Haihong Xiao, Ying He
Date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Scene Reconstruction, Self-Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Pre-training

Pre-training on large-scale unlabeled datasets contribute to the model achieving powerful performance on 3D vision tasks, especially when annotations are limited. However, existing rendering-based self-supervised frameworks are computationally demanding and memory-intensive during pre-training due to the inherent nature of volume rendering. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework named GS$^3$ to learn point cloud representation, which seamlessly integrates fast 3D Gaussian Splatting into the rendering-based framework. The core idea behind our framework is to pre-train the point cloud encoder by comparing rendered RGB images with real RGB images, as only Gaussian points enriched with learned rich geometric and appearance information can produce high-quality renderings. Specifically, we back-project the input RGB-D images into 3D space and use a point cloud encoder to extract point-wise features. Then, we predict 3D Gaussian points of the scene from the learned point cloud features and uses a tile-based rasterizer for image rendering. Finally, the pre-trained point cloud encoder can be fine-tuned to adapt to various downstream 3D tasks, including high-level perception tasks such as 3D segmentation and detection, as well as low-level tasks such as 3D scene reconstruction. Extensive experiments on downstream tasks demonstrate the strong transferability of the pre-trained point cloud encoder and the effectiveness of our self-supervised learning framework. In addition, our GS$^3$ framework is highly efficient, achieving approximately 9$\times$ pre-training speedup and less than 0.25$\times$ memory cost compared to the previous rendering-based framework Ponder.