pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Unforgettable Lessons from Forgettable Images: Intra-Class Memorability Matters in Computer Vision
Authors: Jie Jing, Qing Lin, Shuangpeng Han, Lucia Schiatti, Yen-Ling Kuo, Mengmi Zhang
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Continual Learning

We introduce intra-class memorability, where certain images within the same class are more memorable than others despite shared category characteristics. To investigate what features make one object instance more memorable than others, we design and conduct human behavior experiments, where participants are shown a series of images, and they must identify when the current image matches the image presented a few steps back in the sequence. To quantify memorability, we propose the Intra-Class Memorability score (ICMscore), a novel metric that incorporates the temporal intervals between repeated image presentations into its calculation. Furthermore, we curate the Intra-Class Memorability Dataset (ICMD), comprising over 5,000 images across ten object classes with their ICMscores derived from 2,000 participants' responses. Subsequently, we demonstrate the usefulness of ICMD by training AI models on this dataset for various downstream tasks: memorability prediction, image recognition, continual learning, and memorability-controlled image editing. Surprisingly, high-ICMscore images impair AI performance in image recognition and continual learning tasks, while low-ICMscore images improve outcomes in these tasks. Additionally, we fine-tune a state-of-the-art image diffusion model on ICMD image pairs with and without masked semantic objects. The diffusion model can successfully manipulate image elements to enhance or reduce memorability. Our contributions open new pathways in understanding intra-class memorability by scrutinizing fine-grained visual features behind the most and least memorable images and laying the groundwork for real-world applications in computer vision. We will release all code, data, and models publicly.
Are Vision-Language Models Truly Understanding Multi-vision Sensor?
Authors: Sangyun Chung, Youngjoon Yu, Youngchae Chee, Se Yeon Kim, Byung-Kwan Lee, Yong Man Ro
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00

Large-scale Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have advanced by aligning vision inputs with text, significantly improving performance in computer vision tasks. Moreover, for VLMs to be effectively utilized in real-world applications, an understanding of diverse multi-vision sensor data, such as thermal, depth, and X-ray information, is essential. However, we find that current VLMs process multi-vision sensor images without deep understanding of sensor information, disregarding each sensor's unique physical properties. This limitation restricts their capacity to interpret and respond to complex questions requiring multi-vision sensor reasoning. To address this, we propose a novel Multi-vision Sensor Perception and Reasoning (MS-PR) benchmark, assessing VLMs on their capacity for sensor-specific reasoning. Moreover, we introduce Diverse Negative Attributes (DNA) optimization to enable VLMs to perform deep reasoning on multi-vision sensor tasks, helping to bridge the core information gap between images and sensor data. Extensive experimental results validate that the proposed DNA method can significantly improve the multi-vision sensor reasoning for VLMs.
UniRS: Unifying Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Tasks through Vision Language Models
Authors: Yujie Li, Wenjia Xu, Guangzuo Li, Zijian Yu, Zhiwei Wei, Jiuniu Wang, Mugen Peng
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Question Answering, Scene Classification, Visual Question Answering

The domain gap between remote sensing imagery and natural images has recently received widespread attention and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated excellent generalization performance in remote sensing multimodal tasks. However, current research is still limited in exploring how remote sensing VLMs handle different types of visual inputs. To bridge this gap, we introduce \textbf{UniRS}, the first vision-language model \textbf{uni}fying multi-temporal \textbf{r}emote \textbf{s}ensing tasks across various types of visual input. UniRS supports single images, dual-time image pairs, and videos as input, enabling comprehensive remote sensing temporal analysis within a unified framework. We adopt a unified visual representation approach, enabling the model to accept various visual inputs. For dual-time image pair tasks, we customize a change extraction module to further enhance the extraction of spatiotemporal features. Additionally, we design a prompt augmentation mechanism tailored to the model's reasoning process, utilizing the prior knowledge of the general-purpose VLM to provide clues for UniRS. To promote multi-task knowledge sharing, the model is jointly fine-tuned on a mixed dataset. Experimental results show that UniRS achieves state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks, including visual question answering, change captioning, and video scene classification, highlighting its versatility and effectiveness in unifying these multi-temporal remote sensing tasks. Our code and dataset will be released soon.
Dialogue Director: Bridging the Gap in Dialogue Visualization for Multimodal Storytelling
Authors: Min Zhang, Zilin Wang, Liyan Chen, KunHong Liu, Juncong Lin
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Retrieval-augmented Generation, Story Visualization, Video Generation

Recent advances in AI-driven storytelling have enhanced video generation and story visualization. However, translating dialogue-centric scripts into coherent storyboards remains a significant challenge due to limited script detail, inadequate physical context understanding, and the complexity of integrating cinematic principles. To address these challenges, we propose Dialogue Visualization, a novel task that transforms dialogue scripts into dynamic, multi-view storyboards. We introduce Dialogue Director, a training-free multimodal framework comprising a Script Director, Cinematographer, and Storyboard Maker. This framework leverages large multimodal models and diffusion-based architectures, employing techniques such as Chain-of-Thought reasoning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and multi-view synthesis to improve script understanding, physical context comprehension, and cinematic knowledge integration. Experimental results demonstrate that Dialogue Director outperforms state-of-the-art methods in script interpretation, physical world understanding, and cinematic principle application, significantly advancing the quality and controllability of dialogue-based story visualization.
4D Gaussian Splatting: Modeling Dynamic Scenes with Native 4D Primitives
Authors: Zeyu Yang, Zijie Pan, Xiatian Zhu, Li Zhang, Yu-Gang Jiang, Philip H. S. Torr
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Novel View Synthesis, Scene Understanding

Dynamic 3D scene representation and novel view synthesis from captured videos are crucial for enabling immersive experiences required by AR/VR and metaverse applications. However, this task is challenging due to the complexity of unconstrained real-world scenes and their temporal dynamics. In this paper, we frame dynamic scenes as a spatio-temporal 4D volume learning problem, offering a native explicit reformulation with minimal assumptions about motion, which serves as a versatile dynamic scene learning framework. Specifically, we represent a target dynamic scene using a collection of 4D Gaussian primitives with explicit geometry and appearance features, dubbed as 4D Gaussian splatting (4DGS). This approach can capture relevant information in space and time by fitting the underlying spatio-temporal volume. Modeling the spacetime as a whole with 4D Gaussians parameterized by anisotropic ellipses that can rotate arbitrarily in space and time, our model can naturally learn view-dependent and time-evolved appearance with 4D spherindrical harmonics. Notably, our 4DGS model is the first solution that supports real-time rendering of high-resolution, photorealistic novel views for complex dynamic scenes. To enhance efficiency, we derive several compact variants that effectively reduce memory footprint and mitigate the risk of overfitting. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of 4DGS in terms of visual quality and efficiency across a range of dynamic scene-related tasks (e.g., novel view synthesis, 4D generation, scene understanding) and scenarios (e.g., single object, indoor scenes, driving environments, synthetic and real data).
Residual Connection Networks in Medical Image Processing: Exploration of ResUnet++ Model Driven by Human Computer Interaction
Authors: Peixin Dai, Jingsi Zhang, Zhitao Shu
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Accurate identification and localisation of brain tumours from medical images remain challenging due to tumour variability and structural complexity. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), particularly ResNet and Unet, have made significant progress in medical image processing, offering robust capabilities for image segmentation. However, limited research has explored their integration with human-computer interaction (HCI) to enhance usability, interpretability, and clinical applicability. This paper introduces ResUnet++, an advanced hybrid model combining ResNet and Unet++, designed to improve tumour detection and localisation while fostering seamless interaction between clinicians and medical imaging systems. ResUnet++ integrates residual blocks in both the downsampling and upsampling phases, ensuring critical image features are preserved. By incorporating HCI principles, the model provides intuitive, real-time feedback, enabling clinicians to visualise and interact with tumour localisation results effectively. This fosters informed decision-making and supports workflow efficiency in clinical settings. We evaluated ResUnet++ on the LGG Segmentation Dataset, achieving a Jaccard Loss of 98.17%. The results demonstrate its strong segmentation performance and potential for real-world applications. By bridging advanced medical imaging techniques with HCI, ResUnet++ offers a foundation for developing interactive diagnostic tools, improving clinician trust, decision accuracy, and patient outcomes, and advancing the integration of AI in healthcare workflows.
HFI: A unified framework for training-free detection and implicit watermarking of latent diffusion model generated images
Authors: Sungik Choi, Sungwoo Park, Jaehoon Lee, SeungHyun Kim, Stanley Jungkyu Choi, Moontae Lee
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00

Dramatic advances in the quality of the latent diffusion models (LDMs) also led to the malicious use of AI-generated images. While current AI-generated image detection methods assume the availability of real/AI-generated images for training, this is practically limited given the vast expressibility of LDMs. This motivates the training-free detection setup where no related data are available in advance. The existing LDM-generated image detection method assumes that images generated by LDM are easier to reconstruct using an autoencoder than real images. However, we observe that this reconstruction distance is overfitted to background information, leading the current method to underperform in detecting images with simple backgrounds. To address this, we propose a novel method called HFI. Specifically, by viewing the autoencoder of LDM as a downsampling-upsampling kernel, HFI measures the extent of aliasing, a distortion of high-frequency information that appears in the reconstructed image. HFI is training-free, efficient, and consistently outperforms other training-free methods in detecting challenging images generated by various generative models. We also show that HFI can successfully detect the images generated from the specified LDM as a means of implicit watermarking. HFI outperforms the best baseline method while achieving magnitudes of
Open-Set Object Detection By Aligning Known Class Representations
Authors: Hiran Sarkar, Vishal Chudasama, Naoyuki Onoe, Pankaj Wasnik, Vineeth N Balasubramanian
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Clustering, object-detection, Object Detection

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) has emerged as a contemporary research direction to address the detection of unknown objects. Recently, few works have achieved remarkable performance in the OSOD task by employing contrastive clustering to separate unknown classes. In contrast, we propose a new semantic clustering-based approach to facilitate a meaningful alignment of clusters in semantic space and introduce a class decorrelation module to enhance inter-cluster separation. Our approach further incorporates an object focus module to predict objectness scores, which enhances the detection of unknown objects. Further, we employ i) an evaluation technique that penalizes low-confidence outputs to mitigate the risk of misclassification of the unknown objects and ii) a new metric called HMP that combines known and unknown precision using harmonic mean. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed model achieves significant improvement on the MS-COCO & PASCAL VOC dataset for the OSOD task.
Learning to Rank Pre-trained Vision-Language Models for Downstream Tasks
Authors: Yuhe Ding, Bo Jiang, Aihua Zheng, Qin Xu, Jian Liang
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Learning-To-Rank, Model Selection

Vision language models (VLMs) like CLIP show stellar zero-shot capability on classification benchmarks. However, selecting the VLM with the highest performance on the unlabeled downstream task is non-trivial. Existing VLM selection methods focus on the class-name-only setting, relying on a supervised large-scale dataset and large language models, which may not be accessible or feasible during deployment. This paper introduces the problem of \textbf{unsupervised vision-language model selection}, where only unsupervised downstream datasets are available, with no additional information provided. To solve this problem, we propose a method termed Visual-tExtual Graph Alignment (VEGA), to select VLMs without any annotations by measuring the alignment of the VLM between the two modalities on the downstream task. VEGA is motivated by the pretraining paradigm of VLMs, which aligns features with the same semantics from the visual and textual modalities, thereby mapping both modalities into a shared representation space. Specifically, we first construct two graphs on the vision and textual features, respectively. VEGA is then defined as the overall similarity between the visual and textual graphs at both node and edge levels. Extensive experiments across three different benchmarks, covering a variety of application scenarios and downstream datasets, demonstrate that VEGA consistently provides reliable and accurate estimates of VLMs' performance on unlabeled downstream tasks.
Prototypical Distillation and Debiased Tuning for Black-box Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Jian Liang, Lijun Sheng, Hongmin Liu, Ran He
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Source-Free Domain Adaptation, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Unsupervised domain adaptation aims to transfer knowledge from a related, label-rich source domain to an unlabeled target domain, thereby circumventing the high costs associated with manual annotation. Recently, there has been growing interest in source-free domain adaptation, a paradigm in which only a pre-trained model, rather than the labeled source data, is provided to the target domain. Given the potential risk of source data leakage via model inversion attacks, this paper introduces a novel setting called black-box domain adaptation, where the source model is accessible only through an API that provides the predicted label along with the corresponding confidence value for each query. We develop a two-step framework named $\textbf{Pro}$totypical $\textbf{D}$istillation and $\textbf{D}$ebiased tun$\textbf{ing}$ ($\textbf{ProDDing}$). In the first step, ProDDing leverages both the raw predictions from the source model and prototypes derived from the target domain as teachers to distill a customized target model. In the second step, ProDDing keeps fine-tuning the distilled model by penalizing logits that are biased toward certain classes. Empirical results across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that ProDDing outperforms existing black-box domain adaptation methods. Moreover, in the case of hard-label black-box domain adaptation, where only predicted labels are available, ProDDing achieves significant improvements over these methods. Code will be available at \url{https://github.com/tim-learn/ProDDing/}.
SM3Det: A Unified Model for Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Object Detection
Authors: YuXuan Li, Xiang Li, Yunheng Li, YiCheng Zhang, Yimian Dai, Qibin Hou, Ming-Ming Cheng, Jian Yang
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: object-detection, Object Detection

With the rapid advancement of remote sensing technology, high-resolution multi-modal imagery is now more widely accessible. Conventional Object detection models are trained on a single dataset, often restricted to a specific imaging modality and annotation format. However, such an approach overlooks the valuable shared knowledge across multi-modalities and limits the model's applicability in more versatile scenarios. This paper introduces a new task called Multi-Modal Datasets and Multi-Task Object Detection (M2Det) for remote sensing, designed to accurately detect horizontal or oriented objects from any sensor modality. This task poses challenges due to 1) the trade-offs involved in managing multi-modal modelling and 2) the complexities of multi-task optimization. To address these, we establish a benchmark dataset and propose a unified model, SM3Det (Single Model for Multi-Modal datasets and Multi-Task object Detection). SM3Det leverages a grid-level sparse MoE backbone to enable joint knowledge learning while preserving distinct feature representations for different modalities. Furthermore, it integrates a consistency and synchronization optimization strategy using dynamic learning rate adjustment, allowing it to effectively handle varying levels of learning difficulty across modalities and tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate SM3Det's effectiveness and generalizability, consistently outperforming specialized models on individual datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/zcablii/SM3Det.
Recurrence-based Vanishing Point Detection
Authors: Skanda Bharadwaj, Robert Collins, Yanxi Liu
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00

Classical approaches to Vanishing Point Detection (VPD) rely solely on the presence of explicit straight lines in images, while recent supervised deep learning approaches need labeled datasets for training. We propose an alternative unsupervised approach: Recurrence-based Vanishing Point Detection (R-VPD) that uses implicit lines discovered from recurring correspondences in addition to explicit lines. Furthermore, we contribute two Recurring-Pattern-for-Vanishing-Point (RPVP) datasets: 1) a Synthetic Image dataset with 3,200 ground truth vanishing points and camera parameters, and 2) a Real-World Image dataset with 1,400 human annotated vanishing points. We compare our method with two classical methods and two state-of-the-art deep learning-based VPD methods. We demonstrate that our unsupervised approach outperforms all the methods on the synthetic images dataset, outperforms the classical methods, and is on par with the supervised learning approaches on real-world images.
Diffgrasp: Whole-Body Grasping Synthesis Guided by Object Motion Using a Diffusion Model
Authors: Yonghao Zhang, Qiang He, Yanguang Wan, yinda zhang, Xiaoming Deng, Cuixia Ma, Hongan Wang
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Human-Object Interaction Detection

Generating high-quality whole-body human object interaction motion sequences is becoming increasingly important in various fields such as animation, VR/AR, and robotics. The main challenge of this task lies in determining the level of involvement of each hand given the complex shapes of objects in different sizes and their different motion trajectories, while ensuring strong grasping realism and guaranteeing the coordination of movement in all body parts. Contrasting with existing work, which either generates human interaction motion sequences without detailed hand grasping poses or only models a static grasping pose, we propose a simple yet effective framework that jointly models the relationship between the body, hands, and the given object motion sequences within a single diffusion model. To guide our network in perceiving the object's spatial position and learning more natural grasping poses, we introduce novel contact-aware losses and incorporate a data-driven, carefully designed guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art method and generates plausible whole-body motion sequences.
Enhancing Visual Representation for Text-based Person Searching
Authors: Wei Shen, Ming Fang, Yuxia Wang, Jiafeng Xiao, Diping Li, Huangqun Chen, Ling Xu, Weifeng Zhang
Date: 2024-12-30 00:00:00
Tasks: cross-modal alignment, Person Search, Text based Person Search

Text-based person search aims to retrieve the matched pedestrians from a large-scale image database according to the text description. The core difficulty of this task is how to extract effective details from pedestrian images and texts, and achieve cross-modal alignment in a common latent space. Prior works adopt image and text encoders pre-trained on unimodal data to extract global and local features from image and text respectively, and then global-local alignment is achieved explicitly. However, these approaches still lack the ability of understanding visual details, and the retrieval accuracy is still limited by identity confusion. In order to alleviate the above problems, we rethink the importance of visual features for text-based person search, and propose VFE-TPS, a Visual Feature Enhanced Text-based Person Search model. It introduces a pre-trained multimodal backbone CLIP to learn basic multimodal features and constructs Text Guided Masked Image Modeling task to enhance the model's ability of learning local visual details without explicit annotation. In addition, we design Identity Supervised Global Visual Feature Calibration task to guide the model learn identity-aware global visual features. The key finding of our study is that, with the help of our proposed auxiliary tasks, the knowledge embedded in the pre-trained CLIP model can be successfully adapted to text-based person search task, and the model's visual understanding ability is significantly enhanced. Experimental results on three benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed model exceeds the existing approaches, and the Rank-1 accuracy is significantly improved with a notable margin of about $1\%\sim9\%$. Our code can be found at https://github.com/zhangweifeng1218/VFE_TPS.