pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Beyond Global Metrics: A Fairness Analysis for Interpretable Voice Disorder Detection Systems
Authors: Mariel Estevez, Cyntia Bonomi, Dayana Ribas, Alfonso Ortega, Luciana Ferrer
Date: 2025-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Fairness

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of an Automatic Voice Disorders Detection (AVDD) system using existing voice disorder datasets with available demographic metadata. The study involved analysing system performance across various demographic groups, particularly focusing on gender and age-based cohorts. Performance evaluation was based on multiple metrics, including normalised costs and cross-entropy. We employed calibration techniques trained separately on predefined demographic groups to address group-dependent miscalibration. Analysis revealed significant performance disparities across groups despite strong global metrics. The system showed systematic biases, misclassifying healthy speakers over 55 as having a voice disorder and speakers with disorders aged 14-30 as healthy. Group-specific calibration improved posterior probability quality, reducing overconfidence. For young disordered speakers, low severity scores were identified as contributing to poor system performance. For older speakers, age-related voice characteristics and potential limitations in the pretrained Hubert model used as feature extractor likely affected results. The study demonstrates that global performance metrics are insufficient for evaluating AVDD system performance. Group-specific analysis may unmask problems in system performance which are hidden within global metrics. Further, group-dependent calibration strategies help mitigate biases, resulting in a more reliable indication of system confidence. These findings emphasize the need for demographic-specific evaluation and calibration in voice disorder detection systems, while providing a methodological framework applicable to broader biomedical classification tasks where demographic metadata is available.
Deep Learning-based Bathymetry Retrieval without In-situ Depths using Remote Sensing Imagery and SfM-MVS DSMs with Data Gaps
Authors: Panagiotis Agrafiotis, Begüm Demir
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, Bathymetry prediction

Accurate, detailed, and high-frequent bathymetry is crucial for shallow seabed areas facing intense climatological and anthropogenic pressures. Current methods utilizing airborne or satellite optical imagery to derive bathymetry primarily rely on either SfM-MVS with refraction correction or Spectrally Derived Bathymetry (SDB). However, SDB methods often require extensive manual fieldwork or costly reference data, while SfM-MVS approaches face challenges even after refraction correction. These include depth data gaps and noise in environments with homogeneous visual textures, which hinder the creation of accurate and complete Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of the seabed. To address these challenges, this work introduces a methodology that combines the high-fidelity 3D reconstruction capabilities of the SfM-MVS methods with state-of-the-art refraction correction techniques, along with the spectral analysis capabilities of a new deep learning-based method for bathymetry prediction. This integration enables a synergistic approach where SfM-MVS derived DSMs with data gaps are used as training data to generate complete bathymetric maps. In this context, we propose Swin-BathyUNet that combines U-Net with Swin Transformer self-attention layers and a cross-attention mechanism, specifically tailored for SDB. Swin-BathyUNet is designed to improve bathymetric accuracy by capturing long-range spatial relationships and can also function as a standalone solution for standard SDB with various training depth data, independent of the SfM-MVS output. Experimental results in two completely different test sites in the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach through extensive experiments that demonstrate improvements in bathymetric accuracy, detail, coverage, and noise reduction in the predicted DSM. The code is available at https://github.com/pagraf/Swin-BathyUNet.
Ring Artifacts Correction Based on Global-Local Features Interaction Guidance in the Projection Domain
Authors: Yunze Liu, Congyi Su, Xing Zhao
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00

Ring artifacts are common artifacts in CT imaging, typically caused by inconsistent responses of detector units to X-rays, resulting in stripe artifacts in the projection data. Under circular scanning mode, such artifacts manifest as concentric rings radiating from the center of rotation, severely degrading image quality. In the Radon transform domain, even if the object's density function is piecewise discontinuous in certain regions, the projection images remain nearly continuous in the angular direction, making the ideal projections exhibit a smooth global low-frequency characteristic. In practical scanning, the local disturbances of the same detector unit at different scanning angles lead to a prominent high-frequency locality of stripe artifacts. Existing studies generally model ring artifacts disturbances as fixed additive errors, which overlooks the dynamic variation of detector responses during practical scanning. However, the degree of detector response inconsistency is a function of the projection values, as revealed in our experiments, thereby requiring consideration of the interaction between global and local features in the process of stripe artifacts extraction and correction. Therefore, we propose a CT ring artifacts correction method based on global and local features in the projection domain. We employ the VSS block and Dense block to respectively correct the low-frequency sub-band, which capture the global correlations of the projection, and the high-frequency sub-band, which contain local stripe artifacts after wavelet decomposition. Specifically, the accuracy of artifacts correction is enhanced by the interaction guidance between global and local features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance in both quantitative metrics and visual quality, verifying its robustness and practical applicability.
Efficient Medical Image Restoration via Reliability Guided Learning in Frequency Domain
Authors: Pengcheng Zheng, Kecheng Chen, Jiaxin Huang, BoHao Chen, Ju Liu, Yazhou Ren, Xiaorong Pu
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image Denoising, Image Restoration, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Super-Resolution, Uncertainty Quantification

Medical image restoration tasks aim to recover high-quality images from degraded observations, exhibiting emergent desires in many clinical scenarios, such as low-dose CT image denoising, MRI super-resolution, and MRI artifact removal. Despite the success achieved by existing deep learning-based restoration methods with sophisticated modules, they struggle with rendering computationally-efficient reconstruction results. Moreover, they usually ignore the reliability of the restoration results, which is much more urgent in medical systems. To alleviate these issues, we present LRformer, a Lightweight Transformer-based method via Reliability-guided learning in the frequency domain. Specifically, inspired by the uncertainty quantification in Bayesian neural networks (BNNs), we develop a Reliable Lesion-Semantic Prior Producer (RLPP). RLPP leverages Monte Carlo (MC) estimators with stochastic sampling operations to generate sufficiently-reliable priors by performing multiple inferences on the foundational medical image segmentation model, MedSAM. Additionally, instead of directly incorporating the priors in the spatial domain, we decompose the cross-attention (CA) mechanism into real symmetric and imaginary anti-symmetric parts via fast Fourier transform (FFT), resulting in the design of the Guided Frequency Cross-Attention (GFCA) solver. By leveraging the conjugated symmetric property of FFT, GFCA reduces the computational complexity of naive CA by nearly half. Extensive experimental results in various tasks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed LRformer in both effectiveness and efficiency.
Focal Split: Untethered Snapshot Depth from Differential Defocus
Authors: Junjie Luo, John Mamish, Alan Fu, Thomas Concannon, Josiah Hester, Emma Alexander, Qi Guo
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Raspberry Pi 5

We introduce Focal Split, a handheld, snapshot depth camera with fully onboard power and computing based on depth-from-differential-defocus (DfDD). Focal Split is passive, avoiding power consumption of light sources. Its achromatic optical system simultaneously forms two differentially defocused images of the scene, which can be independently captured using two photosensors in a snapshot. The data processing is based on the DfDD theory, which efficiently computes a depth and a confidence value for each pixel with only 500 floating point operations (FLOPs) per pixel from the camera measurements. We demonstrate a Focal Split prototype, which comprises a handheld custom camera system connected to a Raspberry Pi 5 for real-time data processing. The system consumes 4.9 W and is powered on a 5 V, 10,000 mAh battery. The prototype can measure objects with distances from 0.4 m to 1.2 m, outputting 480$\times$360 sparse depth maps at 2.1 frames per second (FPS) using unoptimized Python scripts. Focal Split is DIY friendly. A comprehensive guide to building your own Focal Split depth camera, code, and additional data can be found at https://focal-split.qiguo.org.
SAR-to-RGB Translation with Latent Diffusion for Earth Observation
Authors: Kaan Aydin, Joelle Hanna, Damian Borth
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Cloud Removal, Earth Observation, Land Cover Classification, Translation

Earth observation satellites like Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) provide complementary remote sensing (RS) data, but S2 images are often unavailable due to cloud cover or data gaps. To address this, we propose a diffusion model (DM)-based approach for SAR-to-RGB translation, generating synthetic optical images from SAR inputs. We explore three different setups: two using Standard Diffusion, which reconstruct S2 images by adding and removing noise (one without and one with class conditioning), and one using Cold Diffusion, which blends S2 with S1 before removing the SAR signal. We evaluate the generated images in downstream tasks, including land cover classification and cloud removal. While generated images may not perfectly replicate real S2 data, they still provide valuable information. Our results show that class conditioning improves classification accuracy, while cloud removal performance remains competitive despite our approach not being optimized for it. Interestingly, despite exhibiting lower perceptual quality, the Cold Diffusion setup performs well in land cover classification, suggesting that traditional quantitative evaluation metrics may not fully reflect the practical utility of generated images. Our findings highlight the potential of DMs for SAR-to-RGB translation in RS applications where RGB images are missing.
K-means Enhanced Density Gradient Analysis for Urban and Transport Metrics Using Multi-Modal Satellite Imagery
Authors: P. Tomkiewicz, J. Jaworski, P. Zielonka, A. Wilinski
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00

This paper presents a novel computational approach for evaluating urban metrics through density gradient analysis using multi-modal satellite imagery, with applications including public transport and other urban systems. By combining optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, we develop a method to segment urban areas, identify urban centers, and quantify density gradients. Our approach calculates two key metrics: the density gradient coefficient ($\alpha$) and the minimum effective distance (LD) at which density reaches a target threshold. We further employ machine learning techniques, specifically K-means clustering, to objectively identify uniform and high-variability regions within density gradient plots. We demonstrate that these metrics provide an effective screening tool for public transport analyses by revealing the underlying urban structure. Through comparative analysis of two representative cities with contrasting urban morphologies (monocentric vs polycentric), we establish relationships between density gradient characteristics and public transport network topologies. Cities with clear density peaks in their gradient plots indicate distinct urban centers requiring different transport strategies than those with more uniform density distributions. This methodology offers urban planners a cost-effective, globally applicable approach to preliminary public transport assessment using freely available satellite data. The complete implementation, with additional examples and documentation, is available in an open-source repository under the MIT license at https://github.com/nexri/Satellite-Imagery-Urban-Analysis.
AgentPolyp: Accurate Polyp Segmentation via Image Enhancement Agent
Authors: Pu Wang, Zhihua Zhang, Dianjie Lu, Guijuan Zhang, Youshan Zhang, Zhuoran Zheng
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image Enhancement, Segmentation

Since human and environmental factors interfere, captured polyp images usually suffer from issues such as dim lighting, blur, and overexposure, which pose challenges for downstream polyp segmentation tasks. To address the challenges of noise-induced degradation in polyp images, we present AgentPolyp, a novel framework integrating CLIP-based semantic guidance and dynamic image enhancement with a lightweight neural network for segmentation. The agent first evaluates image quality using CLIP-driven semantic analysis (e.g., identifying ``low-contrast polyps with vascular textures") and adapts reinforcement learning strategies to dynamically apply multi-modal enhancement operations (e.g., denoising, contrast adjustment). A quality assessment feedback loop optimizes pixel-level enhancement and segmentation focus in a collaborative manner, ensuring robust preprocessing before neural network segmentation. This modular architecture supports plug-and-play extensions for various enhancement algorithms and segmentation networks, meeting deployment requirements for endoscopic devices.
Self-Supervised Enhancement of Forward-Looking Sonar Images: Bridging Cross-Modal Degradation Gaps through Feature Space Transformation and Multi-Frame Fusion
Authors: Zhisheng Zhang, Peng Zhang, Fengxiang Wang, Liangli Ma, Fuchun Sun
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00

Enhancing forward-looking sonar images is critical for accurate underwater target detection. Current deep learning methods mainly rely on supervised training with simulated data, but the difficulty in obtaining high-quality real-world paired data limits their practical use and generalization. Although self-supervised approaches from remote sensing partially alleviate data shortages, they neglect the cross-modal degradation gap between sonar and remote sensing images. Directly transferring pretrained weights often leads to overly smooth sonar images, detail loss, and insufficient brightness. To address this, we propose a feature-space transformation that maps sonar images from the pixel domain to a robust feature domain, effectively bridging the degradation gap. Additionally, our self-supervised multi-frame fusion strategy leverages complementary inter-frame information to naturally remove speckle noise and enhance target-region brightness. Experiments on three self-collected real-world forward-looking sonar datasets show that our method significantly outperforms existing approaches, effectively suppressing noise, preserving detailed edges, and substantially improving brightness, demonstrating strong potential for underwater target detection applications.
A comprehensive review of remote sensing in wetland classification and mapping
Authors: Shuai Yuan, Xiangan Liang, Tianwu Lin, Shuang Chen, Rui Liu, Jie Wang, Hongsheng Zhang, Peng Gong
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Articles, Classification

Wetlands constitute critical ecosystems that support both biodiversity and human well-being; however, they have experienced a significant decline since the 20th century. Back in the 1970s, researchers began to employ remote sensing technologies for wetland classification and mapping to elucidate the extent and variations of wetlands. Although some review articles summarized the development of this field, there is a lack of a thorough and in-depth understanding of wetland classification and mapping: (1) the scientific importance of wetlands, (2) major data, methods used in wetland classification and mapping, (3) driving factors of wetland changes, (4) current research paradigm and limitations, (5) challenges and opportunities in wetland classification and mapping under the context of technological innovation and global environmental change. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective and new insights into wetland classification and mapping for readers to answer these questions. First, we conduct a meta-analysis of over 1,200 papers, encompassing wetland types, methods, sensor types, and study sites, examining prevailing trends in wetland classification and mapping. Next, we review and synthesize the wetland features and existing data and methods in wetland classification and mapping. We also summarize typical wetland mapping products and explore the intrinsic driving factors of wetland changes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we discuss current limitations and propose future directions in response to global environmental change and technological innovation. This review consolidates our understanding of wetland remote sensing and offers scientific recommendations that foster transformative progress in wetland science.
Efficient and Robust Remote Sensing Image Denoising Using Randomized Approximation of Geodesics' Gramian on the Manifold Underlying the Patch Space
Authors: Kelum Gajamannage, Dilhani I. Jayathilake, Maria Vasilyeva
Date: 2025-04-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Image Denoising, Semantic Segmentation

Remote sensing images are widely utilized in many disciplines such as feature recognition and scene semantic segmentation. However, due to environmental factors and the issues of the imaging system, the image quality is often degraded which may impair subsequent visual tasks. Even though denoising remote sensing images plays an essential role before applications, the current denoising algorithms fail to attain optimum performance since these images possess complex features in the texture. Denoising frameworks based on artificial neural networks have shown better performance; however, they require exhaustive training with heterogeneous samples that extensively consume resources like power, memory, computation, and latency. Thus, here we present a computationally efficient and robust remote sensing image denoising method that doesn't require additional training samples. This method partitions patches of a remote-sensing image in which a low-rank manifold, representing the noise-free version of the image, underlies the patch space. An efficient and robust approach to revealing this manifold is a randomized approximation of the singular value spectrum of the geodesics' Gramian matrix of the patch space. The method asserts a unique emphasis on each color channel during denoising so the three denoised channels are merged to produce the final image.
The Tenth NTIRE 2025 Efficient Super-Resolution Challenge Report
Authors: Bin Ren, Hang Guo, Lei Sun, Zongwei Wu, Radu Timofte, Yawei Li, Yao Zhang, Xinning Chai, Zhengxue Cheng, Yingsheng Qin, Yucai Yang, Li Song, Hongyuan Yu, Pufan Xu, Cheng Wan, Zhijuan Huang, Peng Guo, Shuyuan Cui, Chenjun Li, Xuehai Hu, Pan Pan, Xin Zhang, Heng Zhang, Qing Luo, Linyan Jiang, Haibo Lei, Qifang Gao, Yaqing Li, Weihua Luo, Tsing Li, Qing Wang, Yi Liu, Yang Wang, Hongyu An, Liou Zhang, Shijie Zhao, Lianhong Song, Long Sun, Jinshan Pan, Jiangxin Dong, Jinhui Tang, Jing Wei, Mengyang Wang, Ruilong Guo, Qian Wang, Qingliang Liu, Yang Cheng, Davinci, Enxuan Gu, Pinxin Liu, Yongsheng Yu, Hang Hua, Yunlong Tang, Shihao Wang, ZhiYu Zhang, Yukun Yang, Jiyu Wu, Jiancheng Huang, Yifan Liu, Yi Huang, Shifeng Chen, Rui Chen, Yi Feng, Mingxi Li, Cailu Wan, XiangJi Wu, Zibin Liu, Jinyang Zhong, Kihwan Yoon, Ganzorig Gankhuyag, Shengyun Zhong, Mingyang Wu, Renjie Li, Yushen Zuo, Zhengzhong Tu, Zongang Gao, Guannan Chen, Yuan Tian, Wenhui Chen, Weijun Yuan, Zhan Li, Yihang Chen, Yifan Deng, Ruting Deng, Yilin Zhang, Huan Zheng, Yanyan Wei, Wenxuan Zhao, Suiyi Zhao, Fei Wang, Kun Li, Yinggan Tang, Mengjie Su, Jae-Hyeon Lee, Dong-Hyeop Son, Ui-Jin Choi, Tiancheng Shao, Yuqing Zhang, Mengcheng Ma, Donggeun Ko, Youngsang Kwak, Jiun Lee, Jaehwa Kwak, YuXuan Jiang, Qiang Zhu, Siyue Teng, Fan Zhang, Shuyuan Zhu, Bing Zeng, David Bull, Jing Hu, Hui Deng, Xuan Zhang, Lin Zhu, Qinrui Fan, Weijian Deng, Junnan Wu, Wenqin Deng, Yuquan Liu, Zhaohong Xu, Jameer Babu Pinjari, Kuldeep Purohit, Zeyu Xiao, Zhuoyuan Li, Surya Vashisth, Akshay Dudhane, Praful Hambarde, Sachin Chaudhary, Satya Naryan Tazi, Prashant Patil, Santosh Kumar Vipparthi, Subrahmanyam Murala, Wei-Chen Shen, I-Hsiang Chen, Yunzhe Xu, Chen Zhao, Zhizhou Chen, Akram Khatami-Rizi, Ahmad Mahmoudi-Aznaveh, Alejandro Merino, Bruno Longarela, Javier Abad, Marcos V. Conde, Simone Bianco, Luca Cogo, Gianmarco Corti
Date: 2025-04-14 00:00:00
Tasks: Super-Resolution, valid

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Single-Image Efficient Super-Resolution (ESR). The challenge aimed to advance the development of deep models that optimize key computational metrics, i.e., runtime, parameters, and FLOPs, while achieving a PSNR of at least 26.90 dB on the $\operatorname{DIV2K\_LSDIR\_valid}$ dataset and 26.99 dB on the $\operatorname{DIV2K\_LSDIR\_test}$ dataset. A robust participation saw \textbf{244} registered entrants, with \textbf{43} teams submitting valid entries. This report meticulously analyzes these methods and results, emphasizing groundbreaking advancements in state-of-the-art single-image ESR techniques. The analysis highlights innovative approaches and establishes benchmarks for future research in the field.
H3AE: High Compression, High Speed, and High Quality AutoEncoder for Video Diffusion Models
Authors: Yushu Wu, Yanyu Li, Ivan Skorokhodov, Anil Kag, Willi Menapace, Sharath Girish, Aliaksandr Siarohin, Yanzhi Wang, Sergey Tulyakov
Date: 2025-04-14 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Text-to-Video Generation, Video Generation

Autoencoder (AE) is the key to the success of latent diffusion models for image and video generation, reducing the denoising resolution and improving efficiency. However, the power of AE has long been underexplored in terms of network design, compression ratio, and training strategy. In this work, we systematically examine the architecture design choices and optimize the computation distribution to obtain a series of efficient and high-compression video AEs that can decode in real time on mobile devices. We also unify the design of plain Autoencoder and image-conditioned I2V VAE, achieving multifunctionality in a single network. In addition, we find that the widely adopted discriminative losses, i.e., GAN, LPIPS, and DWT losses, provide no significant improvements when training AEs at scale. We propose a novel latent consistency loss that does not require complicated discriminator design or hyperparameter tuning, but provides stable improvements in reconstruction quality. Our AE achieves an ultra-high compression ratio and real-time decoding speed on mobile while outperforming prior art in terms of reconstruction metrics by a large margin. We finally validate our AE by training a DiT on its latent space and demonstrate fast, high-quality text-to-video generation capability.