pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
An Attention-Guided Deep Learning Approach for Classifying 39 Skin Lesion Types
Authors: Sauda Adiv Hanum, Ashim Dey, Muhammad Ashad Kabir
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, Prognosis, Specificity

The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, is vulnerable to a diverse array of conditions collectively known as skin lesions, which encompass various dermatoses. Diagnosing these lesions presents significant challenges for medical practitioners due to the subtle visual differences that are often imperceptible to the naked eye. While not all skin lesions are life-threatening, certain types can act as early indicators of severe diseases, including skin cancers, underscoring the critical need for timely and accurate diagnostic methods. Deep learning algorithms have demonstrated remarkable potential in facilitating the early detection and prognosis of skin lesions. This study advances the field by curating a comprehensive and diverse dataset comprising 39 categories of skin lesions, synthesized from five publicly available datasets. Using this dataset, the performance of five state-of-the-art deep learning models -- MobileNetV2, Xception, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB1, and Vision Transformer - is rigorously evaluated. To enhance the accuracy and robustness of these models, attention mechanisms such as the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) are incorporated into their architectures. Comprehensive evaluation across multiple performance metrics reveals that the Vision Transformer model integrated with CBAM outperforms others, achieving an accuracy of 93.46%, precision of 94%, recall of 93%, F1-score of 93%, and specificity of 93.67%. These results underscore the significant potential of the proposed system in supporting medical professionals with accurate and efficient prognostic tools for diagnosing a broad spectrum of skin lesions. The dataset and code used in this study can be found at https://github.com/akabircs/Skin-Lesions-Classification.
Swin-X2S: Reconstructing 3D Shape from 2D Biplanar X-ray with Swin Transformers
Authors: Kuan Liu, Zongyuan Ying, Jie Jin, Dongyan Li, Ping Huang, Wenjian Wu, Zhe Chen, Jin Qi, Yong Lu, Lianfu Deng, Bo Chen
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Diagnostic

The conversion from 2D X-ray to 3D shape holds significant potential for improving diagnostic efficiency and safety. However, existing reconstruction methods often rely on hand-crafted features, manual intervention, and prior knowledge, resulting in unstable shape errors and additional processing costs. In this paper, we introduce Swin-X2S, an end-to-end deep learning method for directly reconstructing 3D segmentation and labeling from 2D biplanar orthogonal X-ray images. Swin-X2S employs an encoder-decoder architecture: the encoder leverages 2D Swin Transformer for X-ray information extraction, while the decoder employs 3D convolution with cross-attention to integrate structural features from orthogonal views. A dimension-expanding module is introduced to bridge the encoder and decoder, ensuring a smooth conversion from 2D pixels to 3D voxels. We evaluate proposed method through extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments across nine publicly available datasets covering four anatomies (femur, hip, spine, and rib), with a total of 54 categories. Significant improvements over previous methods have been observed not only in the segmentation and labeling metrics but also in the clinically relevant parameters that are of primary concern in practical applications, which demonstrates the promise of Swin-X2S to provide an effective option for anatomical shape reconstruction in clinical scenarios. Code implementation is available at: \url{https://github.com/liukuan5625/Swin-X2S}.
Scalable Vision Language Model Training via High Quality Data Curation
Authors: Hongyuan Dong, Zijian Kang, Weijie Yin, Xiao Liang, Chao Feng, Jiao Ran
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Instruction Following, Language Modeling, Language Modelling

In this paper, we introduce SAIL-VL (ScAlable Vision Language Model TraIning via High QuaLity Data Curation), an open-source vision language model (VLM) of state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance with 2B parameters. We introduce three key improvements that contribute to SAIL-VL's leading performance: (1) Scalable high-quality visual understanding data construction: We implement a visual understanding data construction pipeline, which enables hundred-million-scale high-quality recaption data annotation. Equipped with this pipeline, we curate SAIL-Caption, a large-scale caption dataset with large quantity and the highest data quality compared with opensource caption datasets. (2) Scalable Pretraining with High-Quality Visual Understanding Data: We scale SAIL-VL's pretraining budget up to 131B tokens and show that even a 2B VLM benefits from scaled up training data sizes, exhibiting expected data size scaling laws in visual understanding and instruction following performance. (3) Scalable SFT via quantity and quality scaling: We introduce general guidance for instruction data curation to scale up instruction data continuously, allowing us to construct a large SFT dataset with the highest quality. To further improve SAIL-VL's performance, we propose quality scaling, a multi-stage training recipe with curriculum learning, to improve model performance scaling curves w.r.t. data sizes from logarithmic to be near-linear. SAIL-VL obtains the highest average score in 19 commonly used benchmarks in our evaluation and achieves top1 performance among VLMs of comparable sizes on OpenCompass (https://rank.opencompass.org.cn/leaderboard-multimodal). We release our SAIL-VL-2B model at HuggingFace (https://huggingface.co/BytedanceDouyinContent/SAIL-VL-2B).
Reusable specimen-level inference in computational pathology
Authors: Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk, Rishul Sharma, Peter K. Koo, Joel H. Saltz
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning

Foundation models for computational pathology have shown great promise for specimen-level tasks and are increasingly accessible to researchers. However, specimen-level models built on these foundation models remain largely unavailable, hindering their broader utility and impact. To address this gap, we developed SpinPath, a toolkit designed to democratize specimen-level deep learning by providing a zoo of pretrained specimen-level models, a Python-based inference engine, and a JavaScript-based inference platform. We demonstrate the utility of SpinPath in metastasis detection tasks across nine foundation models. SpinPath may foster reproducibility, simplify experimentation, and accelerate the adoption of specimen-level deep learning in computational pathology research.
A Multimodal Dataset for Enhancing Industrial Task Monitoring and Engagement Prediction
Authors: Naval Kishore Mehta, Arvind, Himanshu Kumar, Abeer Banerjee, Sumeet Saurav, Sanjay Singh
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Localization

Detecting and interpreting operator actions, engagement, and object interactions in dynamic industrial workflows remains a significant challenge in human-robot collaboration research, especially within complex, real-world environments. Traditional unimodal methods often fall short of capturing the intricacies of these unstructured industrial settings. To address this gap, we present a novel Multimodal Industrial Activity Monitoring (MIAM) dataset that captures realistic assembly and disassembly tasks, facilitating the evaluation of key meta-tasks such as action localization, object interaction, and engagement prediction. The dataset comprises multi-view RGB, depth, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data collected from 22 sessions, amounting to 290 minutes of untrimmed video, annotated in detail for task performance and operator behavior. Its distinctiveness lies in the integration of multiple data modalities and its emphasis on real-world, untrimmed industrial workflows-key for advancing research in human-robot collaboration and operator monitoring. Additionally, we propose a multimodal network that fuses RGB frames, IMU data, and skeleton sequences to predict engagement levels during industrial tasks. Our approach improves the accuracy of recognizing engagement states, providing a robust solution for monitoring operator performance in dynamic industrial environments. The dataset and code can be accessed from https://github.com/navalkishoremehta95/MIAM/.
Weakly Supervised Segmentation of Hyper-Reflective Foci with Compact Convolutional Transformers and SAM2
Authors: Olivier Morelle, Justus Bisten, Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst, Robert P. Finger, Thomas Schultz
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Multiple Instance Learning, Segmentation, Weakly supervised segmentation

Weakly supervised segmentation has the potential to greatly reduce the annotation effort for training segmentation models for small structures such as hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, most weakly supervised methods either involve a strong downsampling of input images, or only achieve localization at a coarse resolution, both of which are unsatisfactory for small structures. We propose a novel framework that increases the spatial resolution of a traditional attention-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) approach by using Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) to prompt the Segment Anything Model (SAM~2), and increases recall with iterative inference. Moreover, we demonstrate that replacing MIL with a Compact Convolutional Transformer (CCT), which adds a positional encoding, and permits an exchange of information between different regions of the OCT image, leads to a further and substantial increase in segmentation accuracy.
Binary Event-Driven Spiking Transformer
Authors: Honglin Cao, Zijian Zhou, Wenjie Wei, Ammar Belatreche, Yu Liang, Dehao Zhang, Malu Zhang, Yang Yang, Haizhou Li
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Binarization

Transformer-based Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) introduce a novel event-driven self-attention paradigm that combines the high performance of Transformers with the energy efficiency of SNNs. However, the larger model size and increased computational demands of the Transformer structure limit their practicality in resource-constrained scenarios. In this paper, we integrate binarization techniques into Transformer-based SNNs and propose the Binary Event-Driven Spiking Transformer, i.e. BESTformer. The proposed BESTformer can significantly reduce storage and computational demands by representing weights and attention maps with a mere 1-bit. However, BESTformer suffers from a severe performance drop from its full-precision counterpart due to the limited representation capability of binarization. To address this issue, we propose a Coupled Information Enhancement (CIE) method, which consists of a reversible framework and information enhancement distillation. By maximizing the mutual information between the binary model and its full-precision counterpart, the CIE method effectively mitigates the performance degradation of the BESTformer. Extensive experiments on static and neuromorphic datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance to other binary SNNs, showcasing its potential as a compact yet high-performance model for resource-limited edge devices.
Valley2: Exploring Multimodal Models with Scalable Vision-Language Design
Authors: Ziheng Wu, Zhenghao Chen, Ruipu Luo, Can Zhang, Yuan Gao, Zhentao He, Xian Wang, Haoran Lin, Minghui Qiu
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Captioning, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model, Multimodal Large Language Model, Video Understanding

Recently, vision-language models have made remarkable progress, demonstrating outstanding capabilities in various tasks such as image captioning and video understanding. We introduce Valley2, a novel multimodal large language model designed to enhance performance across all domains and extend the boundaries of practical applications in e-commerce and short video scenarios. Notably, Valley2 achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on e-commerce benchmarks, surpassing open-source models of similar size by a large margin (79.66 vs. 72.76). Additionally, Valley2 ranks second on the OpenCompass leaderboard among models with fewer than 10B parameters, with an impressive average score of 67.4. The code and model weights are open-sourced at https://github.com/bytedance/Valley.
Beyond Flat Text: Dual Self-inherited Guidance for Visual Text Generation
Authors: Minxing Luo, Zixun Xia, Liaojun Chen, Zhenhang Li, Weichao Zeng, Jianye Wang, Wentao Cheng, Yaxing Wang, Yu Zhou, Jian Yang
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Text Generation

In real-world images, slanted or curved texts, especially those on cans, banners, or badges, appear as frequently, if not more so, than flat texts due to artistic design or layout constraints. While high-quality visual text generation has become available with the advanced generative capabilities of diffusion models, these models often produce distorted text and inharmonious text background when given slanted or curved text layouts due to training data limitation. In this paper, we introduce a new training-free framework, STGen, which accurately generates visual texts in challenging scenarios (\eg, slanted or curved text layouts) while harmonizing them with the text background. Our framework decomposes the visual text generation process into two branches: (i) \textbf{Semantic Rectification Branch}, which leverages the ability in generating flat but accurate visual texts of the model to guide the generation of challenging scenarios. The generated latent of flat text is abundant in accurate semantic information related both to the text itself and its background. By incorporating this, we rectify the semantic information of the texts and harmonize the integration of the text with its background in complex layouts. (ii) \textbf{Structure Injection Branch}, which reinforces the visual text structure during inference. We incorporate the latent information of the glyph image, rich in glyph structure, as a new condition to further strengthen the text structure. To enhance image harmony, we also apply an effective combination method to merge the priors, providing a solid foundation for generation. Extensive experiments across a variety of visual text layouts demonstrate that our framework achieves superior accuracy and outstanding quality.
Text-to-Edit: Controllable End-to-End Video Ad Creation via Multimodal LLMs
Authors: Dabing Cheng, Haosen Zhan, Xingchen Zhao, Guisheng Liu, Zemin Li, Jinghui Xie, Zhao Song, Weiguo Feng, Bingyue Peng
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Video Editing

The exponential growth of short-video content has ignited a surge in the necessity for efficient, automated solutions to video editing, with challenges arising from the need to understand videos and tailor the editing according to user requirements. Addressing this need, we propose an innovative end-to-end foundational framework, ultimately actualizing precise control over the final video content editing. Leveraging the flexibility and generalizability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), we defined clear input-output mappings for efficient video creation. To bolster the model's capability in processing and comprehending video content, we introduce a strategic combination of a denser frame rate and a slow-fast processing technique, significantly enhancing the extraction and understanding of both temporal and spatial video information. Furthermore, we introduce a text-to-edit mechanism that allows users to achieve desired video outcomes through textual input, thereby enhancing the quality and controllability of the edited videos. Through comprehensive experimentation, our method has not only showcased significant effectiveness within advertising datasets, but also yields universally applicable conclusions on public datasets.
TakuNet: an Energy-Efficient CNN for Real-Time Inference on Embedded UAV systems in Emergency Response Scenarios
Authors: Daniel Rossi, Guido Borghi, Roberto Vezzani
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Aerial Scene Classification, CPU, GPU, Image Classification, NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, Raspberry Pi 3, Raspberry Pi 4, Raspberry Pi 5

Designing efficient neural networks for embedded devices is a critical challenge, particularly in applications requiring real-time performance, such as aerial imaging with drones and UAVs for emergency responses. In this work, we introduce TakuNet, a novel light-weight architecture which employs techniques such as depth-wise convolutions and an early downsampling stem to reduce computational complexity while maintaining high accuracy. It leverages dense connections for fast convergence during training and uses 16-bit floating-point precision for optimization on embedded hardware accelerators. Experimental evaluation on two public datasets shows that TakuNet achieves near-state-of-the-art accuracy in classifying aerial images of emergency situations, despite its minimal parameter count. Real-world tests on embedded devices, namely Jetson Orin Nano and Raspberry Pi, confirm TakuNet's efficiency, achieving more than 650 fps on the 15W Jetson board, making it suitable for real-time AI processing on resource-constrained platforms and advancing the applicability of drones in emergency scenarios. The code and implementation details are publicly released.
Language-Inspired Relation Transfer for Few-shot Class-Incremental Learning
Authors: Yifan Zhao, Jia Li, Zeyin Song, Yonghong Tian
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: class-incremental learning, Class Incremental Learning, Contrastive Learning, Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning, Incremental Learning, Lifelong learning, Prompt Learning, Relation

Depicting novel classes with language descriptions by observing few-shot samples is inherent in human-learning systems. This lifelong learning capability helps to distinguish new knowledge from old ones through the increase of open-world learning, namely Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL). Existing works to solve this problem mainly rely on the careful tuning of visual encoders, which shows an evident trade-off between the base knowledge and incremental ones. Motivated by human learning systems, we propose a new Language-inspired Relation Transfer (LRT) paradigm to understand objects by joint visual clues and text depictions, composed of two major steps. We first transfer the pretrained text knowledge to the visual domains by proposing a graph relation transformation module and then fuse the visual and language embedding by a text-vision prototypical fusion module. Second, to mitigate the domain gap caused by visual finetuning, we propose context prompt learning for fast domain alignment and imagined contrastive learning to alleviate the insufficient text data during alignment. With collaborative learning of domain alignments and text-image transfer, our proposed LRT outperforms the state-of-the-art models by over $13\%$ and $7\%$ on the final session of mini-ImageNet and CIFAR-100 FSCIL benchmarks.
MRI Patterns of the Hippocampus and Amygdala for Predicting Stages of Alzheimer's Progression: A Minimal Feature Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Aswini Kumar Patra, Soraisham Elizabeth Devi, Tejashwini Gajurel
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Dimensionality Reduction, feature selection, Hippocampus

Alzheimer's disease (AD) progresses through distinct stages, from early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) to late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and eventually to AD. Accurate identification of these stages, especially distinguishing LMCI from EMCI, is crucial for developing pre-dementia treatments but remains challenging due to subtle and overlapping imaging features. This study proposes a minimal-feature machine learning framework that leverages structural MRI data, focusing on the hippocampus and amygdala as regions of interest. The framework addresses the curse of dimensionality through feature selection, utilizes region-specific voxel information, and implements innovative data organization to enhance classification performance by reducing noise. The methodology integrates dimensionality reduction techniques such as PCA and t-SNE with state-of-the-art classifiers, achieving the highest accuracy of 88.46%. This framework demonstrates the potential for efficient and accurate staging of AD progression while providing valuable insights for clinical applications.
Identity-aware Feature Decoupling Learning for Clothing-change Person Re-identification
Authors: Haoxuan Xu, Bo Li, Guanglin Niu
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Person Re-Identification

Clothing-change person re-identification (CC Re-ID) has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its application prospect. Most existing works struggle to adequately extract the ID-related information from the original RGB images. In this paper, we propose an Identity-aware Feature Decoupling (IFD) learning framework to mine identity-related features. Particularly, IFD exploits a dual stream architecture that consists of a main stream and an attention stream. The attention stream takes the clothing-masked images as inputs and derives the identity attention weights for effectively transferring the spatial knowledge to the main stream and highlighting the regions with abundant identity-related information. To eliminate the semantic gap between the inputs of two streams, we propose a clothing bias diminishing module specific to the main stream to regularize the features of clothing-relevant regions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms other baseline models on several widely-used CC Re-ID datasets.
Poetry in Pixels: Prompt Tuning for Poem Image Generation via Diffusion Models
Authors: Sofia Jamil, Bollampalli Areen Reddy, Raghvendra Kumar, Sriparna Saha, K J Joseph, Koustava Goswami
Date: 2025-01-10 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Form, Image Generation, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

The task of text-to-image generation has encountered significant challenges when applied to literary works, especially poetry. Poems are a distinct form of literature, with meanings that frequently transcend beyond the literal words. To address this shortcoming, we propose a PoemToPixel framework designed to generate images that visually represent the inherent meanings of poems. Our approach incorporates the concept of prompt tuning in our image generation framework to ensure that the resulting images closely align with the poetic content. In addition, we propose the PoeKey algorithm, which extracts three key elements in the form of emotions, visual elements, and themes from poems to form instructions which are subsequently provided to a diffusion model for generating corresponding images. Furthermore, to expand the diversity of the poetry dataset across different genres and ages, we introduce MiniPo, a novel multimodal dataset comprising 1001 children's poems and images. Leveraging this dataset alongside PoemSum, we conducted both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of image generation using our PoemToPixel framework. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach and offers a fresh perspective on generating images from literary sources.