pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
FTL: Transfer Learning Nonlinear Plasma Dynamic Transitions in Low Dimensional Embeddings via Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Zhe Bai, Xishuo Wei, William Tang, Leonid Oliker, Zhihong Lin, Samuel Williams
Date: 2024-04-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Transfer Learning

Deep learning algorithms provide a new paradigm to study high-dimensional dynamical behaviors, such as those in fusion plasma systems. Development of novel model reduction methods, coupled with detection of abnormal modes with plasma physics, opens a unique opportunity for building efficient models to identify plasma instabilities for real-time control. Our Fusion Transfer Learning (FTL) model demonstrates success in reconstructing nonlinear kink mode structures by learning from a limited amount of nonlinear simulation data. The knowledge transfer process leverages a pre-trained neural encoder-decoder network, initially trained on linear simulations, to effectively capture nonlinear dynamics. The low-dimensional embeddings extract the coherent structures of interest, while preserving the inherent dynamics of the complex system. Experimental results highlight FTL's capacity to capture transitional behaviors and dynamical features in plasma dynamics -- a task often challenging for conventional methods. The model developed in this study is generalizable and can be extended broadly through transfer learning to address various magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) modes.
Geometry-aware Reconstruction and Fusion-refined Rendering for Generalizable Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Tianqi Liu, Xinyi Ye, Min Shi, Zihao Huang, Zhiyu Pan, Zhan Peng, Zhiguo Cao
Date: 2024-04-26 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: NeRF

Generalizable NeRF aims to synthesize novel views for unseen scenes. Common practices involve constructing variance-based cost volumes for geometry reconstruction and encoding 3D descriptors for decoding novel views. However, existing methods show limited generalization ability in challenging conditions due to inaccurate geometry, sub-optimal descriptors, and decoding strategies. We address these issues point by point. First, we find the variance-based cost volume exhibits failure patterns as the features of pixels corresponding to the same point can be inconsistent across different views due to occlusions or reflections. We introduce an Adaptive Cost Aggregation (ACA) approach to amplify the contribution of consistent pixel pairs and suppress inconsistent ones. Unlike previous methods that solely fuse 2D features into descriptors, our approach introduces a Spatial-View Aggregator (SVA) to incorporate 3D context into descriptors through spatial and inter-view interaction. When decoding the descriptors, we observe the two existing decoding strategies excel in different areas, which are complementary. A Consistency-Aware Fusion (CAF) strategy is proposed to leverage the advantages of both. We incorporate the above ACA, SVA, and CAF into a coarse-to-fine framework, termed Geometry-aware Reconstruction and Fusion-refined Rendering (GeFu). GeFu attains state-of-the-art performance across multiple datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/TQTQliu/GeFu .
Editable Image Elements for Controllable Synthesis
Authors: Jiteng Mu, Michaël Gharbi, Richard Zhang, Eli Shechtman, Nuno Vasconcelos, Xiaolong Wang, Taesung Park
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00

Diffusion models have made significant advances in text-guided synthesis tasks. However, editing user-provided images remains challenging, as the high dimensional noise input space of diffusion models is not naturally suited for image inversion or spatial editing. In this work, we propose an image representation that promotes spatial editing of input images using a diffusion model. Concretely, we learn to encode an input into "image elements" that can faithfully reconstruct an input image. These elements can be intuitively edited by a user, and are decoded by a diffusion model into realistic images. We show the effectiveness of our representation on various image editing tasks, such as object resizing, rearrangement, dragging, de-occlusion, removal, variation, and image composition. Project page: https://jitengmu.github.io/Editable_Image_Elements/
PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignment
Authors: Zinan Guo, Yanze Wu, Zhuowei Chen, Lang Chen, Peng Zhang, Qian He
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

We propose Pure and Lightning ID customization (PuLID), a novel tuning-free ID customization method for text-to-image generation. By incorporating a Lightning T2I branch with a standard diffusion one, PuLID introduces both contrastive alignment loss and accurate ID loss, minimizing disruption to the original model and ensuring high ID fidelity. Experiments show that PuLID achieves superior performance in both ID fidelity and editability. Another attractive property of PuLID is that the image elements (e.g., background, lighting, composition, and style) before and after the ID insertion are kept as consistent as possible. Codes and models are available at https://github.com/ToTheBeginning/PuLID
Beyond Deepfake Images: Detecting AI-Generated Videos
Authors: Danial Samadi Vahdati, Tai D. Nguyen, Aref Azizpour, Matthew C. Stamm
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Swapping, Few-Shot Learning

Recent advances in generative AI have led to the development of techniques to generate visually realistic synthetic video. While a number of techniques have been developed to detect AI-generated synthetic images, in this paper we show that synthetic image detectors are unable to detect synthetic videos. We demonstrate that this is because synthetic video generators introduce substantially different traces than those left by image generators. Despite this, we show that synthetic video traces can be learned, and used to perform reliable synthetic video detection or generator source attribution even after H.264 re-compression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while detecting videos from new generators through zero-shot transferability is challenging, accurate detection of videos from a new generator can be achieved through few-shot learning.
Learning Long-form Video Prior via Generative Pre-Training
Authors: Jinheng Xie, Jiajun Feng, Zhaoxu Tian, Kevin Qinghong Lin, Yawen Huang, Xi Xia, Nanxu Gong, Xu Zuo, Jiaqi Yang, Yefeng Zheng, Mike Zheng Shou
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Form

Concepts involved in long-form videos such as people, objects, and their interactions, can be viewed as following an implicit prior. They are notably complex and continue to pose challenges to be comprehensively learned. In recent years, generative pre-training (GPT) has exhibited versatile capacities in modeling any kind of text content even visual locations. Can this manner work for learning long-form video prior? Instead of operating on pixel space, it is efficient to employ visual locations like bounding boxes and keypoints to represent key information in videos, which can be simply discretized and then tokenized for consumption by GPT. Due to the scarcity of suitable data, we create a new dataset called \textbf{Storyboard20K} from movies to serve as a representative. It includes synopses, shot-by-shot keyframes, and fine-grained annotations of film sets and characters with consistent IDs, bounding boxes, and whole body keypoints. In this way, long-form videos can be represented by a set of tokens and be learned via generative pre-training. Experimental results validate that our approach has great potential for learning long-form video prior. Code and data will be released at \url{https://github.com/showlab/Long-form-Video-Prior}.
Porting Large Language Models to Mobile Devices for Question Answering
Authors: Hannes Fassold
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Question Answering

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on mobile devices makes all the capabilities of natural language processing available on the device. An important use case of LLMs is question answering, which can provide accurate and contextually relevant answers to a wide array of user queries. We describe how we managed to port state of the art LLMs to mobile devices, enabling them to operate natively on the device. We employ the llama.cpp framework, a flexible and self-contained C++ framework for LLM inference. We selected a 6-bit quantized version of the Orca-Mini-3B model with 3 billion parameters and present the correct prompt format for this model. Experimental results show that LLM inference runs in interactive speed on a Galaxy S21 smartphone and that the model delivers high-quality answers to user queries related to questions from different subjects like politics, geography or history.
Single-View Scene Point Cloud Human Grasp Generation
Authors: Yan-Kang Wang, Chengyi Xing, Yi-Lin Wei, Xiao-Ming Wu, Wei-Shi Zheng
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Grasp Generation, Object

In this work, we explore a novel task of generating human grasps based on single-view scene point clouds, which more accurately mirrors the typical real-world situation of observing objects from a single viewpoint. Due to the incompleteness of object point clouds and the presence of numerous scene points, the generated hand is prone to penetrating into the invisible parts of the object and the model is easily affected by scene points. Thus, we introduce S2HGrasp, a framework composed of two key modules: the Global Perception module that globally perceives partial object point clouds, and the DiffuGrasp module designed to generate high-quality human grasps based on complex inputs that include scene points. Additionally, we introduce S2HGD dataset, which comprises approximately 99,000 single-object single-view scene point clouds of 1,668 unique objects, each annotated with one human grasp. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that S2HGrasp can not only generate natural human grasps regardless of scene points, but also effectively prevent penetration between the hand and invisible parts of the object. Moreover, our model showcases strong generalization capability when applied to unseen objects. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/iSEE-Laboratory/S2HGrasp.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Multimodal Search
Authors: Oriol Barbany, Michael Huang, Xinliang Zhu, Arnab Dhua
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00

Multimodal search has become increasingly important in providing users with a natural and effective way to ex-press their search intentions. Images offer fine-grained details of the desired products, while text allows for easily incorporating search modifications. However, some existing multimodal search systems are unreliable and fail to address simple queries. The problem becomes harder with the large variability of natural language text queries, which may contain ambiguous, implicit, and irrelevant in-formation. Addressing these issues may require systems with enhanced matching capabilities, reasoning abilities, and context-aware query parsing and rewriting. This paper introduces a novel multimodal search model that achieves a new performance milestone on the Fashion200K dataset. Additionally, we propose a novel search interface integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) to facilitate natural language interaction. This interface routes queries to search systems while conversationally engaging with users and considering previous searches. When coupled with our multimodal search model, it heralds a new era of shopping assistants capable of offering human-like interaction and enhancing the overall search experience.
MotionMaster: Training-free Camera Motion Transfer For Video Generation
Authors: Teng Hu, Jiangning Zhang, Ran Yi, Yating Wang, Hongrui Huang, Jieyu Weng, Yabiao Wang, Lizhuang Ma
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Disentanglement, Motion Disentanglement, Text-to-Video Generation, Video Generation

The emergence of diffusion models has greatly propelled the progress in image and video generation. Recently, some efforts have been made in controllable video generation, including text-to-video generation and video motion control, among which camera motion control is an important topic. However, existing camera motion control methods rely on training a temporal camera module, and necessitate substantial computation resources due to the large amount of parameters in video generation models. Moreover, existing methods pre-define camera motion types during training, which limits their flexibility in camera control. Therefore, to reduce training costs and achieve flexible camera control, we propose COMD, a novel training-free video motion transfer model, which disentangles camera motions and object motions in source videos and transfers the extracted camera motions to new videos. We first propose a one-shot camera motion disentanglement method to extract camera motion from a single source video, which separates the moving objects from the background and estimates the camera motion in the moving objects region based on the motion in the background by solving a Poisson equation. Furthermore, we propose a few-shot camera motion disentanglement method to extract the common camera motion from multiple videos with similar camera motions, which employs a window-based clustering technique to extract the common features in temporal attention maps of multiple videos. Finally, we propose a motion combination method to combine different types of camera motions together, enabling our model a more controllable and flexible camera control. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our training-free approach can effectively decouple camera-object motion and apply the decoupled camera motion to a wide range of controllable video generation tasks, achieving flexible and diverse camera motion control.
Seeing Beyond Classes: Zero-Shot Grounded Situation Recognition via Language Explainer
Authors: JiaMing Lei, Lin Li, Chunping Wang, Jun Xiao, Long Chen
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Grounded Situation Recognition, Scene Understanding

Benefiting from strong generalization ability, pre-trained vision language models (VLMs), e.g., CLIP, have been widely utilized in zero-shot scene understanding. Unlike simple recognition tasks, grounded situation recognition (GSR) requires the model not only to classify salient activity (verb) in the image, but also to detect all semantic roles that participate in the action. This complex task usually involves three steps: verb recognition, semantic role grounding, and noun recognition. Directly employing class-based prompts with VLMs and grounding models for this task suffers from several limitations, e.g., it struggles to distinguish ambiguous verb concepts, accurately localize roles with fixed verb-centric template1 input, and achieve context-aware noun predictions. In this paper, we argue that these limitations stem from the mode's poor understanding of verb/noun classes. To this end, we introduce a new approach for zero-shot GSR via Language EXplainer (LEX), which significantly boosts the model's comprehensive capabilities through three explainers: 1) verb explainer, which generates general verb-centric descriptions to enhance the discriminability of different verb classes; 2) grounding explainer, which rephrases verb-centric templates for clearer understanding, thereby enhancing precise semantic role localization; and 3) noun explainer, which creates scene-specific noun descriptions to ensure context-aware noun recognition. By equipping each step of the GSR process with an auxiliary explainer, LEX facilitates complex scene understanding in real-world scenarios. Our extensive validations on the SWiG dataset demonstrate LEX's effectiveness and interoperability in zero-shot GSR.
3D Face Morphing Attack Generation using Non-Rigid Registration
Authors: Jag Mohan Singh, Raghavendra Ramachandra
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Recognition

Face Recognition Systems (FRS) are widely used in commercial environments, such as e-commerce and e-banking, owing to their high accuracy in real-world conditions. However, these systems are vulnerable to facial morphing attacks, which are generated by blending face color images of different subjects. This paper presents a new method for generating 3D face morphs from two bona fide point clouds. The proposed method first selects bona fide point clouds with neutral expressions. The two input point clouds were then registered using a Bayesian Coherent Point Drift (BCPD) without optimization, and the geometry and color of the registered point clouds were averaged to generate a face morphing point cloud. The proposed method generates 388 face-morphing point clouds from 200 bona fide subjects. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated through extensive vulnerability experiments, achieving a Generalized Morphing Attack Potential (G-MAP) of 97.93%, which is superior to the existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) with a G-MAP of 81.61%.
SRAGAN: Saliency Regularized and Attended Generative Adversarial Network for Chinese Ink-wash Painting Generation
Authors: Xiang Gao, Yuqi Zhang
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Generative Adversarial Network, Image Stylization, Image-to-Image Translation, Saliency Detection, Style Transfer, Translation

Recent style transfer problems are still largely dominated by Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) from the perspective of cross-domain image-to-image (I2I) translation, where the pivotal issue is to learn and transfer target-domain style patterns onto source-domain content images. This paper handles the problem of translating real pictures into traditional Chinese ink-wash paintings, i.e., Chinese ink-wash painting style transfer. Though a wide range of I2I models tackle this problem, a notable challenge is that the content details of the source image could be easily erased or corrupted due to the transfer of ink-wash style elements. To remedy this issue, we propose to incorporate saliency detection into the unpaired I2I framework to regularize image content, where the detected saliency map is utilized from two aspects: (\romannumeral1) we propose saliency IOU (SIOU) loss to explicitly regularize object content structure by enforcing saliency consistency before and after image stylization; (\romannumeral2) we propose saliency adaptive normalization (SANorm) which implicitly enhances object structure integrity of the generated paintings by dynamically injecting image saliency information into the generator to guide stylization process. Besides, we also propose saliency attended discriminator which harnesses image saliency information to focus generative adversarial attention onto the drawn objects, contributing to generating more vivid and delicate brush strokes and ink-wash textures. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate superiority of our approach over related advanced image stylization methods in both GAN and diffusion model paradigms.
ODMixer: Fine-grained Spatial-temporal MLP for Metro Origin-Destination Prediction
Authors: Yang Liu, Binglin Chen, Yongsen Zheng, Lechao Cheng, Guanbin Li, Liang Lin
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Prediction, Scheduling

Metro Origin-Destination (OD) prediction is a crucial yet challenging spatial-temporal prediction task in urban computing, which aims to accurately forecast cross-station ridership for optimizing metro scheduling and enhancing overall transport efficiency. Analyzing fine-grained and comprehensive relations among stations effectively is imperative for metro OD prediction. However, existing metro OD models either mix information from multiple OD pairs from the station's perspective or exclusively focus on a subset of OD pairs. These approaches may overlook fine-grained relations among OD pairs, leading to difficulties in predicting potential anomalous conditions. To address these challenges, we learn traffic evolution from the perspective of all OD pairs and propose a fine-grained spatial-temporal MLP architecture for metro OD prediction, namely ODMixer. Specifically, our ODMixer has double-branch structure and involves the Channel Mixer, the Multi-view Mixer, and the Bidirectional Trend Learner. The Channel Mixer aims to capture short-term temporal relations among OD pairs, the Multi-view Mixer concentrates on capturing spatial relations from both origin and destination perspectives. To model long-term temporal relations, we introduce the Bidirectional Trend Learner. Extensive experiments on two large-scale metro OD prediction datasets HZMOD and SHMO demonstrate the advantages of our ODMixer. Our code is available at https://github.com/KLatitude/ODMixer.
ESR-NeRF: Emissive Source Reconstruction Using LDR Multi-view Images
Authors: Jinseo Jeong, Junseo Koo, Qimeng Zhang, Gunhee Kim
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Inverse Rendering, NeRF

Existing NeRF-based inverse rendering methods suppose that scenes are exclusively illuminated by distant light sources, neglecting the potential influence of emissive sources within a scene. In this work, we confront this limitation using LDR multi-view images captured with emissive sources turned on and off. Two key issues must be addressed: 1) ambiguity arising from the limited dynamic range along with unknown lighting details, and 2) the expensive computational cost in volume rendering to backtrace the paths leading to final object colors. We present a novel approach, ESR-NeRF, leveraging neural networks as learnable functions to represent ray-traced fields. By training networks to satisfy light transport segments, we regulate outgoing radiances, progressively identifying emissive sources while being aware of reflection areas. The results on scenes encompassing emissive sources with various properties demonstrate the superiority of ESR-NeRF in qualitative and quantitative ways. Our approach also extends its applicability to the scenes devoid of emissive sources, achieving lower CD metrics on the DTU dataset.
AnoFPDM: Anomaly Segmentation with Forward Process of Diffusion Models for Brain MRI
Authors: Yiming Che, Fazle Rafsani, Jay Shah, Md Mahfuzur Rahman Siddiquee, Teresa Wu
Date: 2024-04-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Anomaly Segmentation, Segmentation

Weakly-supervised diffusion models (DMs) in anomaly segmentation, leveraging image-level labels, have attracted significant attention for their superior performance compared to unsupervised methods. It eliminates the need for pixel-level labels in training, offering a more cost-effective alternative to supervised methods. However, existing methods are not fully weakly-supervised because they heavily rely on costly pixel-level labels for hyperparameter tuning in inference. To tackle this challenge, we introduce Anomaly Segmentation with Forward Process of Diffusion Models (AnoFPDM), a fully weakly-supervised framework that operates without the need of pixel-level labels. Leveraging the unguided forward process as a reference for the guided forward process, we select hyperparameters such as the noise scale, the threshold for segmentation and the guidance strength. We aggregate anomaly maps from guided forward process, enhancing the signal strength of anomalous regions. Remarkably, our proposed method outperforms recent state-of-the-art weakly-supervised approaches, even without utilizing pixel-level labels.