pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Image EEG Sleep Data for Improving Quality of Life in Patients Suffering From Brain Injuries Using DreamDiffusion
Authors: David Fahim, Joshveer Grewal, Ritvik Ellendula
Date: 2024-07-02 00:00:00
Tasks: EEG

Those experiencing strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and drug complications can often end up hospitalized and diagnosed with coma or locked-in syndrome. Such mental impediments can permanently alter the neurological pathways in work and significantly decrease the quality of life (QoL). It is critical to translate brain signals into images to gain a deeper understanding of the thoughts of a comatose patient. Traditionally, brain signals collected by an EEG could only be translated into text, but with the novel method of an open-source model available on GitHub, DreamDiffusion can be used to convert brain waves into images directly. DreamDiffusion works by extracting features from EEG signals and then using the features to create images through StableDiffusion. Upon this, we made further improvements that could make StableDiffusion the forerunner technology in waves to media translation. In our study, we begin by modifying the existing DreamDiffusion codebase so that it does not require any prior setup, avoiding any confusing steps needed to run the model from GitHub. For many researchers, the incomplete setup process, errors in the existing code, and a lack of directions made it nearly impossible to run, not even considering the model's performance. We brought the code into Google Colab so users could run and evaluate problems cell-by-cell, eliminating the specific file and repository dependencies. We also provided the original training data file so users do not need to purchase the necessary computing power to train the model from the given dataset. The second change is utilizing the mutability of the code and optimizing the model so it can be used to generate images from other given inputs, such as sleep data. Additionally, the affordability of EEG technology allows for global dissemination and creates the opportunity for those who want to work on the shared DreamDiffusion model.
Diffusion Transformer Model With Compact Prior for Low-dose PET Reconstruction
Authors: Bin Huang, Xubiao Liu, Lei Fang, Qiegen Liu, Bingxuan Li
Date: 2024-07-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced medical imaging technique that plays a crucial role in non-invasive clinical diagnosis. However, while reducing radiation exposure through low-dose PET scans is beneficial for patient safety, it often results in insufficient statistical data. This scarcity of data poses significant challenges for accurately reconstructing high-quality images, which are essential for reliable diagnostic outcomes. In this research, we propose a diffusion transformer model (DTM) guided by joint compact prior (JCP) to enhance the reconstruction quality of low-dose PET imaging. In light of current research findings, we present a pioneering PET reconstruction model that integrates diffusion and transformer models for joint optimization. This model combines the powerful distribution mapping abilities of diffusion models with the capacity of transformers to capture long-range dependencies, offering significant advantages for low-dose PET reconstruction. Additionally, the incorporation of the lesion refining block and penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) enhance the recovery capability of lesion regions and preserves detail information, solving blurring problems in lesion areas and texture details of most deep learning frameworks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of DTM in enhancing image quality and preserving critical clinical information for low-dose PET scans. Our approach not only reduces radiation exposure risks but also provides a more reliable PET imaging tool for early disease detection and patient management.
PointViG: A Lightweight GNN-based Model for Efficient Point Cloud Analysis
Authors: Qiang Zheng, Yafei Qi, Chen Wang, Chao Zhang, Jian Sun
Date: 2024-07-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency

In the domain of point cloud analysis, despite the significant capabilities of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in managing complex 3D datasets, existing approaches encounter challenges like high computational costs and scalability issues with extensive scenarios. These limitations restrict the practical deployment of GNNs, notably in resource-constrained environments. To address these issues, this study introduce <b>Point<\b> <b>Vi<\b>sion <b>G<\b>NN (PointViG), an efficient framework for point cloud analysis. PointViG incorporates a lightweight graph convolutional module to efficiently aggregate local features and mitigate over-smoothing. For large-scale point cloud scenes, we propose an adaptive dilated graph convolution technique that searches for sparse neighboring nodes within a dilated neighborhood based on semantic correlation, thereby expanding the receptive field and ensuring computational efficiency. Experiments demonstrate that PointViG achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art models while balancing performance and complexity. On the ModelNet40 classification task, PointViG achieved 94.3% accuracy with 1.5M parameters. For the S3DIS segmentation task, it achieved an mIoU of 71.7% with 5.3M parameters. These results underscore the potential and efficiency of PointViG in point cloud analysis.
From Category to Scenery: An End-to-End Framework for Multi-Person Human-Object Interaction Recognition in Videos
Authors: Tanqiu Qiao, Ruochen Li, Frederick W. B. Li, Hubert P. H. Shum
Date: 2024-07-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Human-Object Interaction Detection

Video-based Human-Object Interaction (HOI) recognition explores the intricate dynamics between humans and objects, which are essential for a comprehensive understanding of human behavior and intentions. While previous work has made significant strides, effectively integrating geometric and visual features to model dynamic relationships between humans and objects in a graph framework remains a challenge. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end category to scenery framework, CATS, starting by generating geometric features for various categories through graphs respectively, then fusing them with corresponding visual features. Subsequently, we construct a scenery interactive graph with these enhanced geometric-visual features as nodes to learn the relationships among human and object categories. This methodological advance facilitates a deeper, more structured comprehension of interactions, bridging category-specific insights with broad scenery dynamics. Our method demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on two pivotal HOI benchmarks, including the MPHOI-72 dataset for multi-person HOIs and the single-person HOI CAD-120 dataset.
Learning Robust 3D Representation from CLIP via Dual Denoising
Authors: Shuqing Luo, Bowen Qu, Wei Gao
Date: 2024-07-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Robustness, Denoising, Representation Learning

In this paper, we explore a critical yet under-investigated issue: how to learn robust and well-generalized 3D representation from pre-trained vision language models such as CLIP. Previous works have demonstrated that cross-modal distillation can provide rich and useful knowledge for 3D data. However, like most deep learning models, the resultant 3D learning network is still vulnerable to adversarial attacks especially the iterative attack. In this work, we propose Dual Denoising, a novel framework for learning robust and well-generalized 3D representations from CLIP. It combines a denoising-based proxy task with a novel feature denoising network for 3D pre-training. Additionally, we propose utilizing parallel noise inference to enhance the generalization of point cloud features under cross domain settings. Experiments show that our model can effectively improve the representation learning performance and adversarial robustness of the 3D learning network under zero-shot settings without adversarial training. Our code is available at https://github.com/luoshuqing2001/Dual_Denoising.
Dynamically Modulating Visual Place Recognition Sequence Length For Minimum Acceptable Performance Scenarios
Authors: Connor Malone, Ankit Vora, Thierry Peynot, Michael Milford
Date: 2024-07-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Position, Visual Place Recognition

Mobile robots and autonomous vehicles are often required to function in environments where critical position estimates from sensors such as GPS become uncertain or unreliable. Single image visual place recognition (VPR) provides an alternative for localization but often requires techniques such as sequence matching to improve robustness, which incurs additional computation and latency costs. Even then, the sequence length required to localize at an acceptable performance level varies widely; and simply setting overly long fixed sequence lengths creates unnecessary latency, computational overhead, and can even degrade performance. In these scenarios it is often more desirable to meet or exceed a set target performance at minimal expense. In this paper we present an approach which uses a calibration set of data to fit a model that modulates sequence length for VPR as needed to exceed a target localization performance. We make use of a coarse position prior, which could be provided by any other localization system, and capture the variation in appearance across this region. We use the correlation between appearance variation and sequence length to curate VPR features and fit a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for selecting the optimal length. We demonstrate that this method is effective at modulating sequence length to maximize the number of sections in a dataset which meet or exceed a target performance whilst minimizing the median length used. We show applicability across several datasets and reveal key phenomena like generalization capabilities, the benefits of curating features and the utility of non-state-of-the-art feature extractors with nuanced properties.
SAFE: a SAR Feature Extractor based on self-supervised learning and masked Siamese ViTs
Authors: Max Muzeau, Joana Frontera-Pons, Chengfang Ren, Jean-Philippe Ovarlez
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Change Detection, Contrastive Learning, Data Augmentation, Few-Shot Classification and Segmentation, Management, Self-Supervised Learning

Due to its all-weather and day-and-night capabilities, Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery is essential for various applications such as disaster management, earth monitoring, change detection and target recognition. However, the scarcity of labeled SAR data limits the performance of most deep learning algorithms. To address this issue, we propose a novel self-supervised learning framework based on masked Siamese Vision Transformers to create a General SAR Feature Extractor coined SAFE. Our method leverages contrastive learning principles to train a model on unlabeled SAR data, extracting robust and generalizable features. SAFE is applicable across multiple SAR acquisition modes and resolutions. We introduce tailored data augmentation techniques specific to SAR imagery, such as sub-aperture decomposition and despeckling. Comprehensive evaluations on various downstream tasks, including few-shot classification, segmentation, visualization, and pattern detection, demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed approach. Our network competes with or surpasses other state-of-the-art methods in few-shot classification and segmentation tasks, even without being trained on the sensors used for the evaluation.
DroBoost: An Intelligent Score and Model Boosting Method for Drone Detection
Authors: Ogulcan Eryuksel, Kamil Anil Ozfuttu, Fatih Cagatay Akyon, Kadir Sahin, Efe Buyukborekci, Devrim Cavusoglu, Sinan Altinuc
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Object Tracking

Drone detection is a challenging object detection task where visibility conditions and quality of the images may be unfavorable, and detections might become difficult due to complex backgrounds, small visible objects, and hard to distinguish objects. Both provide high confidence for drone detections, and eliminating false detections requires efficient algorithms and approaches. Our previous work, which uses YOLOv5, uses both real and synthetic data and a Kalman-based tracker to track the detections and increase their confidence using temporal information. Our current work improves on the previous approach by combining several improvements. We used a more diverse dataset combining multiple sources and combined with synthetic samples chosen from a large synthetic dataset based on the error analysis of the base model. Also, to obtain more resilient confidence scores for objects, we introduced a classification component that discriminates whether the object is a drone or not. Finally, we developed a more advanced scoring algorithm for object tracking that we use to adjust localization confidence. Furthermore, the proposed technique won 1st Place in the Drone vs. Bird Challenge (Workshop on Small-Drone Surveillance, Detection and Counteraction Techniques at ICIAP 2021).
Image Classification for Snow Detection to Improve Pedestrian Safety
Authors: Ricardo de Deijn, Rajeev Bukralia
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: image-classification, Image Classification, Transfer Learning

This study presents a computer vision approach aimed at detecting snow on sidewalks and pavements to reduce winter-related fall injuries, especially among elderly and visually impaired individuals. Leveraging fine-tuned VGG-19 and ResNet50 convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the research focuses on identifying snow presence in pavement images. The dataset comprises 98 images evenly split between snowy and snow-free conditions, evaluated with a separate test set using the F1 score and accuracy metrics. This work builds upon existing research by employing fine-tuned CNN architectures to accurately detect snow on pavements from smartphone-captured images. The methodology incorporates transfer learning and model ensembling techniques to integrate the best predictions from both the VGG19 and ResNet50 architectures. The study yields accuracy and F1 scores of 81.8% and 81.7%, respectively, showcasing the potential of computer vision in addressing winter-related hazards for vulnerable populations.
InstantStyle-Plus: Style Transfer with Content-Preserving in Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Haofan Wang, Peng Xing, Renyuan Huang, Hao Ai, Qixun Wang, Xu Bai
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Style Transfer, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

Style transfer is an inventive process designed to create an image that maintains the essence of the original while embracing the visual style of another. Although diffusion models have demonstrated impressive generative power in personalized subject-driven or style-driven applications, existing state-of-the-art methods still encounter difficulties in achieving a seamless balance between content preservation and style enhancement. For example, amplifying the style's influence can often undermine the structural integrity of the content. To address these challenges, we deconstruct the style transfer task into three core elements: 1) Style, focusing on the image's aesthetic characteristics; 2) Spatial Structure, concerning the geometric arrangement and composition of visual elements; and 3) Semantic Content, which captures the conceptual meaning of the image. Guided by these principles, we introduce InstantStyle-Plus, an approach that prioritizes the integrity of the original content while seamlessly integrating the target style. Specifically, our method accomplishes style injection through an efficient, lightweight process, utilizing the cutting-edge InstantStyle framework. To reinforce the content preservation, we initiate the process with an inverted content latent noise and a versatile plug-and-play tile ControlNet for preserving the original image's intrinsic layout. We also incorporate a global semantic adapter to enhance the semantic content's fidelity. To safeguard against the dilution of style information, a style extractor is employed as discriminator for providing supplementary style guidance. Codes will be available at https://github.com/instantX-research/InstantStyle-Plus.
LLM4GEN: Leveraging Semantic Representation of LLMs for Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Mushui Liu, Yuhang Ma, Yang Zhen, Jun Dan, Yunlong Yu, Zeng Zhao, Zhipeng Hu, Bai Liu, Changjie Fan
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, Image Generation, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

Diffusion models have exhibited substantial success in text-to-image generation. However, they often encounter challenges when dealing with complex and dense prompts involving multiple objects, attribute binding, and long descriptions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called \textbf{LLM4GEN}, which enhances the semantic understanding of text-to-image diffusion models by leveraging the representation of Large Language Models (LLMs). It can be seamlessly incorporated into various diffusion models as a plug-and-play component. A specially designed Cross-Adapter Module (CAM) integrates the original text features of text-to-image models with LLM features, thereby enhancing text-to-image generation. Additionally, to facilitate and correct entity-attribute relationships in text prompts, we develop an entity-guided regularization loss to further improve generation performance. We also introduce DensePrompts, which contains $7,000$ dense prompts to provide a comprehensive evaluation for the text-to-image generation task. Experiments indicate that LLM4GEN significantly improves the semantic alignment of SD1.5 and SDXL, demonstrating increases of 9.69\% and 12.90\% in color on T2I-CompBench, respectively. Moreover, it surpasses existing models in terms of sample quality, image-text alignment, and human evaluation.
ASPS: Augmented Segment Anything Model for Polyp Segmentation
Authors: Huiqian Li, Dingwen Zhang, Jieru Yao, Longfei Han, Zhongyu Li, Junwei Han
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Generalization, model, Segmentation

Polyp segmentation plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer diagnosis. Recently, the emergence of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) has introduced unprecedented potential for polyp segmentation, leveraging its powerful pre-training capability on large-scale datasets. However, due to the domain gap between natural and endoscopy images, SAM encounters two limitations in achieving effective performance in polyp segmentation. Firstly, its Transformer-based structure prioritizes global and low-frequency information, potentially overlooking local details, and introducing bias into the learned features. Secondly, when applied to endoscopy images, its poor out-of-distribution (OOD) performance results in substandard predictions and biased confidence output. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a novel approach named Augmented SAM for Polyp Segmentation (ASPS), equipped with two modules: Cross-branch Feature Augmentation (CFA) and Uncertainty-guided Prediction Regularization (UPR). CFA integrates a trainable CNN encoder branch with a frozen ViT encoder, enabling the integration of domain-specific knowledge while enhancing local features and high-frequency details. Moreover, UPR ingeniously leverages SAM's IoU score to mitigate uncertainty during the training procedure, thereby improving OOD performance and domain generalization. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and utility of the proposed method in improving SAM's performance in polyp segmentation. Our code is available at https://github.com/HuiqianLi/ASPS.
Learning Frequency-Aware Dynamic Transformers for All-In-One Image Restoration
Authors: Zenglin Shi, Tong Su, Pei Liu, Yunpeng Wu, Le Zhang, Meng Wang
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: All, Deblurring, Denoising, Image Restoration, Rain Removal

This work aims to tackle the all-in-one image restoration task, which seeks to handle multiple types of degradation with a single model. The primary challenge is to extract degradation representations from the input degraded images and use them to guide the model's adaptation to specific degradation types. Recognizing that various degradations affect image content differently across frequency bands, we propose a new all-in-one image restoration approach from a frequency perspective, leveraging advanced vision transformers. Our method consists of two main components: a frequency-aware Degradation prior learning transformer (Dformer) and a degradation-adaptive Restoration transformer (Rformer). The Dformer captures the essential characteristics of various degradations by decomposing inputs into different frequency components. By understanding how degradations affect these frequency components, the Dformer learns robust priors that effectively guide the restoration process. The Rformer then employs a degradation-adaptive self-attention module to selectively focus on the most affected frequency components, guided by the learned degradation representations. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the existing methods on four representative restoration tasks, including denoising, deraining, dehazing and deblurring. Additionally, our method offers benefits for handling spatially variant degradations and unseen degradation levels.
Multi-Task Learning for Affect Analysis
Authors: Fazeel Asim
Date: 2024-06-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Unit Detection, Arousal Estimation, Emotion Recognition, Marketing, Multi-Task Learning

This Project was my Undergraduate Final Year dissertation, supervised by Dimitrios Kollias This research delves into the realm of affective computing for image analysis, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of multi-task learning in the context of emotion recognition. This project investigates two primary approaches: uni-task solutions and a multi-task approach to the same problems. Each approach undergoes testing, exploring various formulations, variations, and initialization strategies to come up with the best configuration. The project utilizes existing a neural network architecture, adapting it for multi-task learning by modifying output layers and loss functions. Tasks encompass 7 basic emotion recognition, action unit detection, and valence-arousal estimation. Comparative analyses involve uni-task models for each individual task, facilitating the assessment of multi-task model performance. Variations within each approach, including, loss functions, and hyperparameter tuning, undergo evaluation. The impact of different initialization strategies and pre-training techniques on model convergence and accuracy is explored. The research aspires to contribute to the burgeoning field of affective computing, with applications spanning healthcare, marketing, and human-computer interaction. By systematically exploring multi-task learning formulations, this research aims to contribute to the development of more accurate and efficient models for recognizing and understanding emotions in images. The findings hold promise for applications in diverse industries, paving the way for advancements in affective computing