pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Online bus reservation system project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-03-21 00:00:00
Proceeding: Authorea preprint 2024 3

The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages.
Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable.
The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation’s checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
STUDENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2023-11-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: Authorea preprint 2023 11
Tasks: Management

An organized and systematic one solution is essential for all the institution and
organization. There are various department of administration for maintain of the
college information and student database in any institution. All these
departments provides various records regarding students. Most of these track
records needs to maintained information about students. This information could
be the general details like student name, address, performance etc or specific
information related to the departments like collection of data. This entire
module in college is independent. These are maintained manually. So we need
to automate and centralized as .information from one module will be related to
our modules. With that in mind we over halted the existing student information
management system and made necessary improvement to streamline the
process. Our work is useful for the easy user interface. We are planning to make
the student information management system that can be used by the educational
institutes to maintain the records of student easily. Archieving this objective is
difficult of using the manual system as the information is scattered, can be
redundant and collecting relevant information may be very time consuming. All
these problems are solved using this project.
Multimodal weighted graph representation for information extraction from visually rich documents.
Authors: Hamza Gbada, Karim Kalti, Mohamed Ali Mahjoub
Date: 2024-01-05 00:00:00
Proceeding: Neurocomputing 2024 1
Tasks: Document Layout Analysis, document understanding, Graph Neural Network, Information Retrieval, Key Information Extraction, Node Classification

This paper introduces a novel system for information extraction from visually rich documents (VRD) using a weighted graph representation. The proposed method aims to improve the performance of the information extraction task by capturing the relationships between various VRD components. The VRD is modeled as a weighted graph, in which visual, textual, and spatial features of text regions are encoded in nodes and edges representing the relationships between neighboring text regions. The information extraction task from VRD is performed as a node classification task through the use of a graph convolutional networks, where the VRD graphs are fed into the network. The approach is evaluated across diverse documents, encompassing invoices and receipts, revealing achievement levels equal to or surpassing robust baselines.
Library Management System project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-04-25 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 4
Tasks: Management

Library management system is a project which aims in developing a computerized system to maintain all the daily work of library .This project has many features
which are generally not available in normal library management systems like
facility of user login and a facility of teachers login .It also has a facility of admin
login through which the admin can monitor the whole system .It also has facility of
an online notice board where teachers can student can put up information about
workshops or seminars being held in our colleges or nearby colleges and librarian
after proper verification from the concerned institution organizing the seminar can
add it to the notice board . It has also a facility where student after logging in their
accounts can see list of books issued and its issue date and return date and also the
students can request the librarian to add new books by filling the book request
form. The librarian after logging into his account that is admin account can
generate various reports such as student report , issue report, teacher report and
book report.
College Information Management System project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-04-25 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 4
Tasks: Management

This document describes the product and its requirements and constraints. It provides a
primarily non-technical description of the project targeted towards external audiences. This
section includes information such as data requirements, functional requirements, and a general
description of the product and its interaction with users from the perspective of the client.
Section 3 provides specific technical requirements as the team understands them at this time
and is intended for an internal audience. This section includes information such as external
interface requirements, performance requirements, and any other technical requirements needed
to design the software.
Online shopping management system.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management

Internet and web has fascinated the people in all fields of life. The use of internet has become popular in commerce, education, banking and industry. This increased has created a demand for professionals to create a website that provide interaction between customer and industry. People have been spending more time on the internet and purchasing items online. This project is also design for Online Shopping system. The purpose of this project “Culture Craft Online Shopping” website is to provide a platform for different types of vendors and customers, where they can easily sell their products and buy products at home with the help of shopping cart. The search box is also provided in our website home page where customers can search their products. It also provides user with a catalog of different products available for purchase in the store. The system is implemented using a 3-tier approach with back end database and middle tier of. XAMP and PHP and a web browser is a front end client. The technologies used in this system as a front end are HTML, CSS3, Bootstrap, Javascript, JQUERY and server side as a PHP with a database MYSQL as a back end.
Online banking management system.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management

This project is aimed at developing an Online Banking for customer. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided.
The project has been planned to be having the view of distributed architecture, with centralized storage of the database. The application for the storage of the data has been planned. Using the constructs of Oracle 10g and all the user interfaces have been designed using the JAVA. The database connectivity is planned using the “Database” methodology. The standards of security and data protective mechanism have been given a big choice for proper usage. The application takes care of different modules and their associated reports, which are produced as per the applicable strategies and standards that are put forwarded by the administrative staff.
The entire project has been developed keeping in view of the distributed client server computing technology, in mind. The specification has been normalized up to 3NF to eliminate all the anomalies that may arise due to the database transaction that are executed by the general users and the organizational administration. The user interfaces are browser specific to give distributed accessibility for the overall system. The internal database has been selected as Oracle 10g.The basic constructs of table spaces, clusters and indexes have been exploited to provide higher consistency and reliability for the data storage. The Oracle 10g was a choice as it provides the constructs of high-level reliability and security. The total front end was dominated using the HTML 5. At all proper levels high care was taken to check that the system manages the data consistency with proper business rules or validations. The database connectivity was planned using the latest “ Database connection” technology provided by Oracle. The authentication and authorization was crosschecked at all the relevant stages. The user level accessibility has been restricted into two zones namely.
Online examination management system.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management

Online Exams System fulfils the requirements of the institutes to conduct the exams online. They do not have to go to any software developer to make a separate site for being able to conduct exams online. They just have to register on the site and enter the exam details and the lists of the students which can appear in the exam.
Students can give exam without the need of going to any physical destination. They can view the result at the same time.
Thus the purpose of the site is to provide a system that saves the efforts and time of both the institutes and the students.
University management system project.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management, Retrieval

N-Grade deals with the maintenance of university, department, faculty, student information within the university. N-Grade is an automation system, which is used to store the department, faculty, student, courses and information of a university.

Starting from registration of a new student in the university, it maintains all the details regarding the attendance and marks of the students. The project deals with retrieval of information through an INTRANET based campus wide portal. It collects related information from all the departments of an organization and maintains files, which are used to generate reports in various forms to measure individual and overall performance of the students.
Online Food Order System project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-02 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Navigate

ONLINE FOOD ORDER SYSTEM is a website designed primarily for use in the food delivery industry. This system will allow hotels and restaurants to increase scope of business by reducing the labor cost involved. The system also allows to quickly and easily manage an online menu which customers can browse and use to place orders with just few clicks. Restaurant employees then use these orders through an easy to navigate graphical interface for efficient processing.
Online College Fee Payment System project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-07 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5

We know that the traditional method of fee payment is quite troublesome. There are several students who use bank payment process, but this is a time-consuming process. Those parents who live in other villages or cities, have to travel long distance only for paying the fees of colleges. So, to overcome this problem we have developed this online fee payment system, in this system we can pay the fees online without going to the college bank. This process is easy as we can directly transfer the amount from our account to the college bank account. This student payment system has two modules namely the user and the admin. Admin has access to manage students’ details, college details, view pending fees and paid fees. User can view their profile and get updates on pending fees and paid fees details. In this way students will be getting updates of monthly fees details; they can pay their fees in an efficient way.
Online Job Portal Management System.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-07 00:00:00
Proceeding: ResearchGate 2020 4
Tasks: Management

This application having database which is a repository of an organization’s electronically stored data. The databases are designed to facilitate analysis. The classic Functionality of this Application focuses on data storage. However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary. To facilitate easy maintenance of records of various Recruiters (Companies), job and job seekers.
Employee leave management system.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-07 00:00:00
Proceeding: ResearchGate 2025 5
Tasks: Management

The "Employee Leave Management System" has been developed to override the problems prevailing in the practicing manual system. This software is supported to eliminate and in some cases reduce the hardships faced by this existing system. More over this system is designed for the particular need of the company to carry out operations in a smooth and effective manner.
The application is reduced as much as possible to avoid errors while entering the data. It also provides error message while entering invalid data. No formal knowledge is needed for the user to use this system. Thus by this all it proves it is user-friendly. Employee Leave Management System , as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will help organization in better utilization of resources.
Online electricity billing project report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-07 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Retrieval

The proposed application ONLINE ELECTRICITY BILLING SYSTEM is aimed to develop a web application for the various activities being carried out by the BESCOM. The BESCOM is managed by the BESCOM officers who are supposed to get all the required information which are needed to generate an electricity bill for customers for their usage of electricity.
The proposed application is implemented in order to reduce the paper work and help in easier record maintenance, by having the data stored in database. Hence helps in easy retrieval of data. The system proposed also reduces the chances of data loss. It provides an easy, maintained and systematic environment for Admin for generating bills. It is an internet based system where customers can use the system and check their electricity bill balance.
Hostel Management System Project Report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-08 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management

“HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is a software developed for managing various activities in the hostel. For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the students studying in this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually.
Online Food Ordering System Project Report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-08 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Navigate

Online Food Ordering System is proposed for simplifies the food ordering process. ThisSystem shows an user interface and update the menu with all available options so that it eases thecustomer work. Customer can choose more than one item to make an order and can view Orderdetails before logging off. The order confirmation is sent to the customer. The order is placed inthe queue and updated in the Database and returned in real time. This system assists the staff togo through the orders in real time and process it efficiently. Online food order system is mainlydesigned primarily function for use in the food delivery industry. This system will allowhotels and restaurants to increase online food ordering such type of business. The customerscan be selected food menu items just few minutes. In the modern food industries allows toquickly and easily delivery on customer place. Restaurant employees then use these ordersthrough an easy to delivery on customer place easy find out navigate graphical interface forefficient processing .
Hospital Management System Project Report.
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-10 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5
Tasks: Management

The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their details into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and the staff automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of each room. User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id. The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they can add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast. Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. Hospital Management System is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a wide range of hospital administration and management processes. It is an integrated end-to-end Hospital Management System that provides relevant information across the hospital to support effective decision making for patient care, hospital administration and critical financial accounting, in a seamless flow. Hospital Management System is a software product suite designed to improve the quality and management of hospital management in the areas of clinical process analysis and activity-based costing. Hospital Management System enables you to develop your organization and improve its effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical to the success of the hospital helps you manage your processes.
Online Course Register System Project Report
Authors: Kamal Acharya
Date: 2024-05-09 00:00:00
Proceeding: SSRN Preprints 2024 5

Student course registration process in colleges involve filling registration forms manually, getting it signed by respective subject teachers, and then getting the documents acknowledged from the concerned Advisors, College Deans and Accounts Officers respectively. Finally the registration forms are submitted in the Administrative Branch. As is evident, this process is very laborious and time consuming. An Online Student Course Registration System has been developed to simplify the current manual procedure. This system has been developed using PHP and MySQL. The front-end is designed using PHP with excerpts of code written using and back-end is designed and managed through MySQL. This system software is more secured, user-friendly and less time-consuming. Basically, systems are implemented for facilitating complex manual processes and that is exactly what we are trying to achieve. System is implemented as per user requirement such as a manufacturing concern may install a plant for easing out manual processes. We have sought help from computer programming for automation of manual registration system. With the introduction of computers, every aspect of our lives has been revolutionized. When used judiciously, computers can help us save time, secure our personal information, access the required information whenever and wherever required. Keeping all these positive points in mind, we have developed an Online Student Course Registration System for easily managing the semester registration process for the student in an institution. Ours is an advisory based system. In state agricultural universities the course allocation is advisory based and more complicated. The courses are assigned according to the skill set and industry requirements. Hence, in current scenario, automated system is required for course registration of students.
Visual Prompting in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey
Authors: Junda Wu, Zhehao Zhang, Yu Xia, Xintong Li, Zhaoyang Xia, Aaron Chang, Tong Yu, Sungchul Kim, Ryan A. Rossi, Ruiyi Zhang, Subrata Mitra, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Lina Yao, Jingbo Shang, Julian McAuley
Date: 2024-09-05 00:00:00
Tasks: In-Context Learning, Prompt Learning, Survey, Visual Grounding, Visual Prompting

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form visual instructions. This paper presents the first comprehensive survey on visual prompting methods in MLLMs, focusing on visual prompting, prompt generation, compositional reasoning, and prompt learning. We categorize existing visual prompts and discuss generative methods for automatic prompt annotations on the images. We also examine visual prompting methods that enable better alignment between visual encoders and backbone LLMs, concerning MLLM's visual grounding, object referring, and compositional reasoning abilities. In addition, we provide a summary of model training and in-context learning methods to improve MLLM's perception and understanding of visual prompts. This paper examines visual prompting methods developed in MLLMs and provides a vision of the future of these methods.