pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Acoustic to Articulatory Inversion of Speech; Data Driven Approaches, Challenges, Applications, and Future Scope
Authors: Leena G Pillai, D. Muhammad Noorul Mubarak
Date: 2025-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), speech-recognition, Speech Recognition

This review is focused on the data-driven approaches applied in different applications of Acoustic-to-Articulatory Inversion (AAI) of speech. This review paper considered the relevant works published in the last ten years (2011-2021). The selection criteria includes (a) type of AAI - Speaker Dependent and Speaker Independent AAI, (b) objectives of the work - Articulatory approximation, Articulatory Feature space selection and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), explore the correlation between acoustic and articulatory features, and framework for Computer-assisted language training, (c) Corpus - Simultaneously recorded speech (wav) and medical imaging models such as ElectroMagnetic Articulography (EMA), Electropalatography (EPG), Laryngography, Electroglottography (EGG), X-ray Cineradiography, Ultrasound, and real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtMRI), (d) Methods or models - recent works are considered, and therefore all the works are based on machine learning, (e) Evaluation - as AAI is a non-linear regression problem, the performance evaluation is mostly done by Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and also considered Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Format Error (MFE). The practical application of the AAI model can provide a better and user-friendly interpretable image feedback system of articulatory positions, especially tongue movement. Such trajectory feedback system can be used to provide phonetic, language, and speech therapy for pathological subjects.
Beyond Patches: Mining Interpretable Part-Prototypes for Explainable AI
Authors: Mahdi Alehdaghi, Rajarshi Bhattacharya, Pourya Shamsolmoali, Rafael M. O. Cruz, Maguelonne Heritier, Eric Granger
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Unsupervised Part Discovery

Deep learning has provided considerable advancements for multimedia systems, yet the interpretability of deep models remains a challenge. State-of-the-art post-hoc explainability methods, such as GradCAM, provide visual interpretation based on heatmaps but lack conceptual clarity. Prototype-based approaches, like ProtoPNet and PIPNet, offer a more structured explanation but rely on fixed patches, limiting their robustness and semantic consistency. To address these limitations, a part-prototypical concept mining network (PCMNet) is proposed that dynamically learns interpretable prototypes from meaningful regions. PCMNet clusters prototypes into concept groups, creating semantically grounded explanations without requiring additional annotations. Through a joint process of unsupervised part discovery and concept activation vector extraction, PCMNet effectively captures discriminative concepts and makes interpretable classification decisions. Our extensive experiments comparing PCMNet against state-of-the-art methods on multiple datasets show that it can provide a high level of interpretability, stability, and robustness under clean and occluded scenarios.
RADLER: Radar Object Detection Leveraging Semantic 3D City Models and Self-Supervised Radar-Image Learning
Authors: Yuan Luo, Rudolf Hoffmann, Yan Xia, Olaf Wysocki, Benedikt Schwab, Thomas H. Kolbe, Daniel Cremers
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Radar Object Detection, Self-Supervised Learning

Semantic 3D city models are worldwide easy-accessible, providing accurate, object-oriented, and semantic-rich 3D priors. To date, their potential to mitigate the noise impact on radar object detection remains under-explored. In this paper, we first introduce a unique dataset, RadarCity, comprising 54K synchronized radar-image pairs and semantic 3D city models. Moreover, we propose a novel neural network, RADLER, leveraging the effectiveness of contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) and semantic 3D city models to enhance radar object detection of pedestrians, cyclists, and cars. Specifically, we first obtain the robust radar features via a SSL network in the radar-image pretext task. We then use a simple yet effective feature fusion strategy to incorporate semantic-depth features from semantic 3D city models. Having prior 3D information as guidance, RADLER obtains more fine-grained details to enhance radar object detection. We extensively evaluate RADLER on the collected RadarCity dataset and demonstrate average improvements of 5.46% in mean avarage precision (mAP) and 3.51% in mean avarage recall (mAR) over previous radar object detection methods. We believe this work will foster further research on semantic-guided and map-supported radar object detection. Our project page is publicly available athttps://gpp-communication.github.io/RADLER .
CodingHomo: Bootstrapping Deep Homography With Video Coding
Authors: Yike Liu, Haipeng Li, Shuaicheng Liu, Bing Zeng
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Homography Estimation

Homography estimation is a fundamental task in computer vision with applications in diverse fields. Recent advances in deep learning have improved homography estimation, particularly with unsupervised learning approaches, offering increased robustness and generalizability. However, accurately predicting homography, especially in complex motions, remains a challenge. In response, this work introduces a novel method leveraging video coding, particularly by harnessing inherent motion vectors (MVs) present in videos. We present CodingHomo, an unsupervised framework for homography estimation. Our framework features a Mask-Guided Fusion (MGF) module that identifies and utilizes beneficial features among the MVs, thereby enhancing the accuracy of homography prediction. Additionally, the Mask-Guided Homography Estimation (MGHE) module is presented for eliminating undesired features in the coarse-to-fine homography refinement process. CodingHomo outperforms existing state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, delivering good robustness and generalizability. The code and dataset are available at: \href{github}{https://github.com/liuyike422/CodingHomo
FocusedAD: Character-centric Movie Audio Description
Authors: Xiaojun Ye, Chun Wang, Yiren Song, Sheng Zhou, Liangcheng Li, Jiajun Bu
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Video Captioning

Movie Audio Description (AD) aims to narrate visual content during dialogue-free segments, particularly benefiting blind and visually impaired (BVI) audiences. Compared with general video captioning, AD demands plot-relevant narration with explicit character name references, posing unique challenges in movie understanding.To identify active main characters and focus on storyline-relevant regions, we propose FocusedAD, a novel framework that delivers character-centric movie audio descriptions. It includes: (i) a Character Perception Module(CPM) for tracking character regions and linking them to names; (ii) a Dynamic Prior Module(DPM) that injects contextual cues from prior ADs and subtitles via learnable soft prompts; and (iii) a Focused Caption Module(FCM) that generates narrations enriched with plot-relevant details and named characters. To overcome limitations in character identification, we also introduce an automated pipeline for building character query banks. FocusedAD achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmarks, including strong zero-shot results on MAD-eval-Named and our newly proposed Cinepile-AD dataset. Code and data will be released at https://github.com/Thorin215/FocusedAD .
OmniDrive: A Holistic Vision-Language Dataset for Autonomous Driving with Counterfactual Reasoning
Authors: Shihao Wang, Zhiding Yu, Xiaohui Jiang, Shiyi Lan, Min Shi, Nadine Chang, Jan Kautz, Ying Li, Jose M. Alvarez
Date: 2025-04-06 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, counterfactual, Counterfactual Reasoning, Decision Making

The advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have led to a growing interest in autonomous driving to leverage their strong reasoning capabilities. However, extending these capabilities from 2D to full 3D understanding is crucial for real-world applications. To address this challenge, we propose OmniDrive, a holistic vision-language dataset that aligns agent models with 3D driving tasks through counterfactual reasoning. This approach enhances decision-making by evaluating potential scenarios and their outcomes, similar to human drivers considering alternative actions. Our counterfactual-based synthetic data annotation process generates large-scale, high-quality datasets, providing denser supervision signals that bridge planning trajectories and language-based reasoning. Futher, we explore two advanced OmniDrive-Agent frameworks, namely Omni-L and Omni-Q, to assess the importance of vision-language alignment versus 3D perception, revealing critical insights into designing effective LLM-agents. Significant improvements on the DriveLM Q\&A benchmark and nuScenes open-loop planning demonstrate the effectiveness of our dataset and methods.
Weakly Semi-supervised Whole Slide Image Classification by Two-level Cross Consistency Supervision
Authors: Linhao Qu, Shiman Li, Xiaoyuan Luo, Shaolei Liu, Qinhao Guo, Manning Wang, Zhijian Song
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification, image-classification, Image Classification, Multiple Instance Learning, Semi-Supervised Image Classification

Computer-aided Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of clinical pathological diagnosis. It is commonly formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem, where each WSI is treated as a bag and the small patches extracted from the WSI are considered instances within that bag. However, obtaining labels for a large number of bags is a costly and time-consuming process, particularly when utilizing existing WSIs for new classification tasks. This limitation renders most existing WSI classification methods ineffective. To address this issue, we propose a novel WSI classification problem setting, more aligned with clinical practice, termed Weakly Semi-supervised Whole slide image Classification (WSWC). In WSWC, a small number of bags are labeled, while a significant number of bags remain unlabeled. The MIL nature of the WSWC problem, coupled with the absence of patch labels, distinguishes it from typical semi-supervised image classification problems, making existing algorithms for natural images unsuitable for directly solving the WSWC problem. In this paper, we present a concise and efficient framework, named CroCo, to tackle the WSWC problem through two-level Cross Consistency supervision. CroCo comprises two heterogeneous classifier branches capable of performing both instance classification and bag classification. The fundamental idea is to establish cross-consistency supervision at both the bag-level and instance-level between the two branches during training. Extensive experiments conducted on four datasets demonstrate that CroCo achieves superior bag classification and instance classification performance compared to other comparative methods when limited WSIs with bag labels are available. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents for the first time the WSWC problem and gives a successful resolution.
Remote sensing colour image semantic segmentation of trails created by large herbivorous Mammals
Authors: Jose Francisco Diez-Pastor, Francisco Javier Gonzalez-Moya, Pedro Latorre-Carmona, Francisco Javier Perez-Barbería, Ludmila I. Kuncheva, Antonio Canepa-Oneto, Alvar Arnaiz-González, Cesar Garcia-Osorio
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Management, Semantic Segmentation

Identifying spatial regions where biodiversity is threatened is crucial for effective ecosystem conservation and monitoring. In this stydy, we assessed varios machine learning methods to detect grazing trails automatically. We tested five semantic segmentation models combined with 14 different encoder networks. The best combination was UNet with MambaOut encoder. The solution proposed could be used as the basis for tools aiming at mapping and tracking changes in grazing trails on a continuous temporal basis.
Logits DeConfusion with CLIP for Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Shuo Li, Fang Liu, Zehua Hao, Xinyi Wang, Lingling Li, Xu Liu, Puhua Chen, Wenping Ma
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Few-Shot Learning

With its powerful visual-language alignment capability, CLIP performs well in zero-shot and few-shot learning tasks. However, we found in experiments that CLIP's logits suffer from serious inter-class confusion problems in downstream tasks, and the ambiguity between categories seriously affects the accuracy. To address this challenge, we propose a novel method called Logits DeConfusion, which effectively learns and eliminates inter-class confusion in logits by combining our Multi-level Adapter Fusion (MAF) module with our Inter-Class Deconfusion (ICD) module. Our MAF extracts features from different levels and fuses them uniformly to enhance feature representation. Our ICD learnably eliminates inter-class confusion in logits with a residual structure. Experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the classification performance and alleviate the inter-class confusion problem. The code is available at https://github.com/LiShuo1001/LDC.
Metric-Solver: Sliding Anchored Metric Depth Estimation from a Single Image
Authors: Tao Wen, Jiepeng Wang, Yabo Chen, Shugong Xu, Chi Zhang, Xuelong Li
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation

Accurate and generalizable metric depth estimation is crucial for various computer vision applications but remains challenging due to the diverse depth scales encountered in indoor and outdoor environments. In this paper, we introduce Metric-Solver, a novel sliding anchor-based metric depth estimation method that dynamically adapts to varying scene scales. Our approach leverages an anchor-based representation, where a reference depth serves as an anchor to separate and normalize the scene depth into two components: scaled near-field depth and tapered far-field depth. The anchor acts as a normalization factor, enabling the near-field depth to be normalized within a consistent range while mapping far-field depth smoothly toward zero. Through this approach, any depth from zero to infinity in the scene can be represented within a unified representation, effectively eliminating the need to manually account for scene scale variations. More importantly, for the same scene, the anchor can slide along the depth axis, dynamically adjusting to different depth scales. A smaller anchor provides higher resolution in the near-field, improving depth precision for closer objects while a larger anchor improves depth estimation in far regions. This adaptability enables the model to handle depth predictions at varying distances and ensure strong generalization across datasets. Our design enables a unified and adaptive depth representation across diverse environments. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Metric-Solver outperforms existing methods in both accuracy and cross-dataset generalization.
Sentiment Analysis on the young people's perception about the mobile Internet costs in Senegal
Authors: Derguene Mbaye, Madoune Robert Seye, Moussa Diallo, Mamadou Lamine Ndiaye, Djiby Sow, Dimitri Samuel Adjanohoun, Tatiana Mbengue, Cheikh Samba Wade, De Roulet Pablo, Jean-Claude Baraka Munyaka, Jerome Chenal
Date: 2025-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Sentiment Analysis

Internet penetration rates in Africa are rising steadily, and mobile Internet is getting an even bigger boost with the availability of smartphones. Young people are increasingly using the Internet, especially social networks, and Senegal is no exception to this revolution. Social networks have become the main means of expression for young people. Despite this evolution in Internet access, there are few operators on the market, which limits the alternatives available in terms of value for money. In this paper, we will look at how young people feel about the price of mobile Internet in Senegal, in relation to the perceived quality of the service, through their comments on social networks. We scanned a set of Twitter and Facebook comments related to the subject and applied a sentiment analysis model to gather their general feelings.
Generalized Visual Relation Detection with Diffusion Models
Authors: Kaifeng Gao, Siqi Chen, Hanwang Zhang, Jun Xiao, Yueting Zhuang, Qianru Sun
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Graph Generation, Human-Object Interaction Detection, Image Captioning, Image Retrieval, Object, Relation, Scene Graph Generation

Visual relation detection (VRD) aims to identify relationships (or interactions) between object pairs in an image. Although recent VRD models have achieved impressive performance, they are all restricted to pre-defined relation categories, while failing to consider the semantic ambiguity characteristic of visual relations. Unlike objects, the appearance of visual relations is always subtle and can be described by multiple predicate words from different perspectives, e.g., ``ride'' can be depicted as ``race'' and ``sit on'', from the sports and spatial position views, respectively. To this end, we propose to model visual relations as continuous embeddings, and design diffusion models to achieve generalized VRD in a conditional generative manner, termed Diff-VRD. We model the diffusion process in a latent space and generate all possible relations in the image as an embedding sequence. During the generation, the visual and text embeddings of subject-object pairs serve as conditional signals and are injected via cross-attention. After the generation, we design a subsequent matching stage to assign the relation words to subject-object pairs by considering their semantic similarities. Benefiting from the diffusion-based generative process, our Diff-VRD is able to generate visual relations beyond the pre-defined category labels of datasets. To properly evaluate this generalized VRD task, we introduce two evaluation metrics, i.e., text-to-image retrieval and SPICE PR Curve inspired by image captioning. Extensive experiments in both human-object interaction (HOI) detection and scene graph generation (SGG) benchmarks attest to the superiority and effectiveness of Diff-VRD.
Trajectory-guided Motion Perception for Facial Expression Quality Assessment in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Shuchao Duan, Amirhossein Dadashzadeh, Alan Whone, Majid Mirmehdi
Date: 2025-04-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic

Automated facial expression quality assessment (FEQA) in neurological disorders is critical for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient care, yet effectively capturing the subtle motions and nuances of facial muscle movements remains a challenge. We propose to analyse facial landmark trajectories, a compact yet informative representation, that encodes these subtle motions from a high-level structural perspective. Hence, we introduce Trajectory-guided Motion Perception Transformer (TraMP-Former), a novel FEQA framework that fuses landmark trajectory features for fine-grained motion capture with visual semantic cues from RGB frames, ultimately regressing the combined features into a quality score. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TraMP-Former achieves new state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets with neurological disorders, including PFED5 (up by 6.51%) and an augmented Toronto NeuroFace (up by 7.62%). Our ablation studies further validate the efficiency and effectiveness of landmark trajectories in FEQA. Our code is available at https://github.com/shuchaoduan/TraMP-Former.
Wavelet-based Variational Autoencoders for High-Resolution Image Generation
Authors: Andrew Kiruluta
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models capable of learning compact latent representations. However, conventional VAEs often generate relatively blurry images due to their assumption of an isotropic Gaussian latent space and constraints in capturing high-frequency details. In this paper, we explore a novel wavelet-based approach (Wavelet-VAE) in which the latent space is constructed using multi-scale Haar wavelet coefficients. We propose a comprehensive method to encode the image features into multi-scale detail and approximation coefficients and introduce a learnable noise parameter to maintain stochasticity. We thoroughly discuss how to reformulate the reparameterization trick, address the KL divergence term, and integrate wavelet sparsity principles into the training objective. Our experimental evaluation on CIFAR-10 and other high-resolution datasets demonstrates that the Wavelet-VAE improves visual fidelity and recovers higher-resolution details compared to conventional VAEs. We conclude with a discussion of advantages, potential limitations, and future research directions for wavelet-based generative modeling.
Self-alignment of Large Video Language Models with Refined Regularized Preference Optimization
Authors: Pritam Sarkar, Ali Etemad
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Hallucination, Question Answering, Video Question Answering, Video Understanding

Despite recent advances in Large Video Language Models (LVLMs), they still struggle with fine-grained temporal understanding, hallucinate, and often make simple mistakes on even simple video question-answering tasks, all of which pose significant challenges to their safe and reliable deployment in real-world applications. To address these limitations, we propose a self-alignment framework that enables LVLMs to learn from their own errors. Our proposed framework first obtains a training set of preferred and non-preferred response pairs, where non-preferred responses are generated by incorporating common error patterns that often occur due to inadequate spatio-temporal understanding, spurious correlations between co-occurring concepts, and over-reliance on linguistic cues while neglecting the vision modality, among others. To facilitate self-alignment of LVLMs with the constructed preferred and non-preferred response pairs, we introduce Refined Regularized Preference Optimization (RRPO), a novel preference optimization method that utilizes sub-sequence-level refined rewards and token-wise KL regularization to address the limitations of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). We demonstrate that RRPO achieves more precise alignment and more stable training compared to DPO. Our experiments and analysis validate the effectiveness of our approach across diverse video tasks, including video hallucination, short- and long-video understanding, and fine-grained temporal reasoning.
Object Placement for Anything
Authors: Bingjie Gao, Bo Zhang, Li Niu
Date: 2025-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Object

Object placement aims to determine the appropriate placement (\emph{e.g.}, location and size) of a foreground object when placing it on the background image. Most previous works are limited by small-scale labeled dataset, which hinders the real-world application of object placement. In this work, we devise a semi-supervised framework which can exploit large-scale unlabeled dataset to promote the generalization ability of discriminative object placement models. The discriminative models predict the rationality label for each foreground placement given a foreground-background pair. To better leverage the labeled data, under the semi-supervised framework, we further propose to transfer the knowledge of rationality variation, \emph{i.e.}, whether the change of foreground placement would result in the change of rationality label, from labeled data to unlabeled data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework can effectively enhance the generalization ability of discriminative object placement models.