pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Livestock Fish Larvae Counting using DETR and YOLO based Deep Networks
Authors: Daniel Ortega de Carvalho, Luiz Felipe Teodoro Monteiro, Fernanda Marques Bazilio, Gabriel Toshio Hirokawa Higa, Hemerson Pistori
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00

Counting fish larvae is an important, yet demanding and time consuming, task in aquaculture. In order to address this problem, in this work, we evaluate four neural network architectures, including convolutional neural networks and transformers, in different sizes, in the task of fish larvae counting. For the evaluation, we present a new annotated image dataset with less data collection requirements than preceding works, with images of spotted sorubim and dourado larvae. By using image tiling techniques, we achieve a MAPE of 4.46% ($\pm 4.70$) with an extra large real time detection transformer, and 4.71% ($\pm 4.98$) with a medium-sized YOLOv8.
Collaborative Static-Dynamic Teaching: A Semi-Supervised Framework for Stripe-Like Space Target Detection
Authors: Zijian Zhu, Ali Zia, Xuesong Li, Bingbing Dan, Yuebo Ma, Hongfeng Long, Kaili Lu, Enhai Liu, Rujin Zhao
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Pseudo Label

Stripe-like space target detection (SSTD) is crucial for space situational awareness. Traditional unsupervised methods often fail in low signal-to-noise ratio and variable stripe-like space targets scenarios, leading to weak generalization. Although fully supervised learning methods improve model generalization, they require extensive pixel-level labels for training. In the SSTD task, manually creating these labels is often inaccurate and labor-intensive. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods reduce the need for these labels and enhance model generalizability, but their performance is limited by pseudo-label quality. To address this, we introduce an innovative Collaborative Static-Dynamic Teacher (CSDT) SSL framework, which includes static and dynamic teacher models as well as a student model. This framework employs a customized adaptive pseudo-labeling (APL) strategy, transitioning from initial static teaching to adaptive collaborative teaching, guiding the student model's training. The exponential moving average (EMA) mechanism further enhances this process by feeding new stripe-like knowledge back to the dynamic teacher model through the student model, creating a positive feedback loop that continuously enhances the quality of pseudo-labels. Moreover, we present MSSA-Net, a novel SSTD network featuring a multi-scale dual-path convolution (MDPC) block and a feature map weighted attention (FMWA) block, designed to extract diverse stripe-like features within the CSDT SSL training framework. Extensive experiments verify the state-of-the-art performance of our framework on the AstroStripeSet and various ground-based and space-based real-world datasets.
RadarPillars: Efficient Object Detection from 4D Radar Point Clouds
Authors: Alexander Musiat, Laurenz Reichardt, Michael Schulze, Oliver Wasenmüller
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, object-detection, Object Detection

Automotive radar systems have evolved to provide not only range, azimuth and Doppler velocity, but also elevation data. This additional dimension allows for the representation of 4D radar as a 3D point cloud. As a result, existing deep learning methods for 3D object detection, which were initially developed for LiDAR data, are often applied to these radar point clouds. However, this neglects the special characteristics of 4D radar data, such as the extreme sparsity and the optimal utilization of velocity information. To address these gaps in the state-of-the-art, we present RadarPillars, a pillar-based object detection network. By decomposing radial velocity data, introducing PillarAttention for efficient feature extraction, and studying layer scaling to accommodate radar sparsity, RadarPillars significantly outperform state-of-the-art detection results on the View-of-Delft dataset. Importantly, this comes at a significantly reduced parameter count, surpassing existing methods in terms of efficiency and enabling real-time performance on edge devices.
Instruction Tuning-free Visual Token Complement for Multimodal LLMs
Authors: Dongsheng Wang, Jiequan Cui, Miaoge Li, Wang Lin, Bo Chen, Hanwang Zhang
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Image to text, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

As the open community of large language models (LLMs) matures, multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have promised an elegant bridge between vision and language. However, current research is inherently constrained by challenges such as the need for high-quality instruction pairs and the loss of visual information in image-to-text training objectives. To this end, we propose a Visual Token Complement framework (VTC) that helps MLLMs regain the missing visual features and thus improve response accuracy. Specifically, our VTC integrates text-to-image generation as a guide to identifying the text-irrelevant features, and a visual selector is then developed to generate complementary visual tokens to enrich the original visual input. Moreover, an iterative strategy is further designed to extract more visual information by iteratively using the visual selector without any additional training. Notably, the training pipeline requires no additional image-text pairs, resulting in a desired instruction tuning-free property. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superiority and efficiency of our VTC.
FlowDreamer: Exploring High Fidelity Text-to-3D Generation via Rectified Flow
Authors: Hangyu Li, Xiangxiang Chu, Dingyuan Shi, Wang Lin
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Generation, NeRF, Text to 3D

Recent advances in text-to-3D generation have made significant progress. In particular, with the pretrained diffusion models, existing methods predominantly use Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) to train 3D models such as Neural RaRecent advances in text-to-3D generation have made significant progress. In particular, with the pretrained diffusion models, existing methods predominantly use Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) to train 3D models such as Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D GS). However, a hurdle is that they often encounter difficulties with over-smoothing textures and over-saturating colors. The rectified flow model -- which utilizes a simple ordinary differential equation (ODE) to represent a straight trajectory -- shows promise as an alternative prior to text-to-3D generation. It learns a time-independent vector field, thereby reducing the ambiguity in 3D model update gradients that are calculated using time-dependent scores in the SDS framework. In light of this, we first develop a mathematical analysis to seamlessly integrate SDS with rectified flow model, paving the way for our initial framework known as Vector Field Distillation Sampling (VFDS). However, empirical findings indicate that VFDS still results in over-smoothing outcomes. Therefore, we analyze the grounding reasons for such a failure from the perspective of ODE trajectories. On top, we propose a novel framework, named FlowDreamer, which yields high fidelity results with richer textual details and faster convergence. The key insight is to leverage the coupling and reversible properties of the rectified flow model to search for the corresponding noise, rather than using randomly sampled noise as in VFDS. Accordingly, we introduce a novel Unique Couple Matching (UCM) loss, which guides the 3D model to optimize along the same trajectory.
XNN: Paradigm Shift in Mitigating Identity Leakage within Cloud-Enabled Deep Learning
Authors: Kaixin Liu, Huixin Xiong, Bingyu Duan, Zexuan Cheng, Xinyu Zhou, Wanqian Zhang, Xiangyu Zhang
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Recognition

In the domain of cloud-based deep learning, the imperative for external computational resources coexists with acute privacy concerns, particularly identity leakage. To address this challenge, we introduce XNN and XNN-d, pioneering methodologies that infuse neural network features with randomized perturbations, striking a harmonious balance between utility and privacy. XNN, designed for the training phase, ingeniously blends random permutation with matrix multiplication techniques to obfuscate feature maps, effectively shielding private data from potential breaches without compromising training integrity. Concurrently, XNN-d, devised for the inference phase, employs adversarial training to integrate generative adversarial noise. This technique effectively counters black-box access attacks aimed at identity extraction, while a distilled face recognition network adeptly processes the perturbed features, ensuring accurate identification. Our evaluation demonstrates XNN's effectiveness, significantly outperforming existing methods in reducing identity leakage while maintaining a high model accuracy.
DAFT-GAN: Dual Affine Transformation Generative Adversarial Network for Text-Guided Image Inpainting
Authors: Jihoon Lee, Yunhong Min, Hwidong Kim, Sangtae Ahn
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Generative Adversarial Network, Image Generation, Image Inpainting

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on research related to text-guided image inpainting. However, the task remains challenging due to several constraints, such as ensuring alignment between the image and the text, and maintaining consistency in distribution between corrupted and uncorrupted regions. In this paper, thus, we propose a dual affine transformation generative adversarial network (DAFT-GAN) to maintain the semantic consistency for text-guided inpainting. DAFT-GAN integrates two affine transformation networks to combine text and image features gradually for each decoding block. Moreover, we minimize information leakage of uncorrupted features for fine-grained image generation by encoding corrupted and uncorrupted regions of the masked image separately. Our proposed model outperforms the existing GAN-based models in both qualitative and quantitative assessments with three benchmark datasets (MS-COCO, CUB, and Oxford) for text-guided image inpainting.
In Defense of Lazy Visual Grounding for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Dahyun Kang, Minsu Cho
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Image to text, Object, Open Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, text-classification, Text Classification, Visual Grounding

We present lazy visual grounding, a two-stage approach of unsupervised object mask discovery followed by object grounding, for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation. Plenty of the previous art casts this task as pixel-to-text classification without object-level comprehension, leveraging the image-to-text classification capability of pretrained vision-and-language models. We argue that visual objects are distinguishable without the prior text information as segmentation is essentially a vision task. Lazy visual grounding first discovers object masks covering an image with iterative Normalized cuts and then later assigns text on the discovered objects in a late interaction manner. Our model requires no additional training yet shows great performance on five public datasets: Pascal VOC, Pascal Context, COCO-object, COCO-stuff, and ADE 20K. Especially, the visually appealing segmentation results demonstrate the model capability to localize objects precisely. Paper homepage: https://cvlab.postech.ac.kr/research/lazygrounding
Surgical-VQLA++: Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Calibrated Robust Visual Question-Localized Answering in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Long Bai, Guankun Wang, Mobarakol Islam, Lalithkumar Seenivasan, An Wang, Hongliang Ren
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Medical Visual Question Answering, Question Answering, Visual Question Answering, Visual Question Answering (VQA)

Medical visual question answering (VQA) bridges the gap between visual information and clinical decision-making, enabling doctors to extract understanding from clinical images and videos. In particular, surgical VQA can enhance the interpretation of surgical data, aiding in accurate diagnoses, effective education, and clinical interventions. However, the inability of VQA models to visually indicate the regions of interest corresponding to the given questions results in incomplete comprehension of the surgical scene. To tackle this, we propose the surgical visual question localized-answering (VQLA) for precise and context-aware responses to specific queries regarding surgical images. Furthermore, to address the strong demand for safety in surgical scenarios and potential corruptions in image acquisition and transmission, we propose a novel approach called Calibrated Co-Attention Gated Vision-Language (C$^2$G-ViL) embedding to integrate and align multimodal information effectively. Additionally, we leverage the adversarial sample-based contrastive learning strategy to boost our performance and robustness. We also extend our EndoVis-18-VQLA and EndoVis-17-VQLA datasets to broaden the scope and application of our data. Extensive experiments on the aforementioned datasets demonstrate the remarkable performance and robustness of our solution. Our solution can effectively combat real-world image corruption. Thus, our proposed approach can serve as an effective tool for assisting surgical education, patient care, and enhancing surgical outcomes.
Model Debiasing by Learnable Data Augmentation
Authors: Pietro Morerio, Ruggero Ragonesi, Vittorio Murino
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Data Augmentation, model

Deep Neural Networks are well known for efficiently fitting training data, yet experiencing poor generalization capabilities whenever some kind of bias dominates over the actual task labels, resulting in models learning "shortcuts". In essence, such models are often prone to learn spurious correlations between data and labels. In this work, we tackle the problem of learning from biased data in the very realistic unsupervised scenario, i.e., when the bias is unknown. This is a much harder task as compared to the supervised case, where auxiliary, bias-related annotations, can be exploited in the learning process. This paper proposes a novel 2-stage learning pipeline featuring a data augmentation strategy able to regularize the training. First, biased/unbiased samples are identified by training over-biased models. Second, such subdivision (typically noisy) is exploited within a data augmentation framework, properly combining the original samples while learning mixing parameters, which has a regularization effect. Experiments on synthetic and realistic biased datasets show state-of-the-art classification accuracy, outperforming competing methods, ultimately proving robust performance on both biased and unbiased examples. Notably, being our training method totally agnostic to the level of bias, it also positively affects performance for any, even apparently unbiased, dataset, thus improving the model generalization regardless of the level of bias (or its absence) in the data.
Capsule Vision 2024 Challenge: Multi-Class Abnormality Classification for Video Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Palak Handa, Amirreza Mahbod, Florian Schwarzhans, Ramona Woitek, Nidhi Goel, Manas Dhir, Deepti Chhabra, Shreshtha Jha, Pallavi Sharma, Vijay Thakur, Simarpreet Singh Chawla, Deepak Gunjan, Jagadeesh Kakarla, Balasubramanian Raman
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Medical Image Analysis

We present the Capsule Vision 2024 Challenge: Multi-Class Abnormality Classification for Video Capsule Endoscopy. It was virtually organized by the Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria in collaboration with the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision & Image Processing (CVIP 2024) being organized by the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Kancheepuram, Chennai, India. This document provides an overview of the challenge, including the registration process, rules, submission format, description of the datasets used, qualified team rankings, all team descriptions, and the benchmarking results reported by the organizers.
GuidedNet: Semi-Supervised Multi-Organ Segmentation via Labeled Data Guide Unlabeled Data
Authors: Haochen Zhao, Hui Meng, Deqian Yang, Xiaozheng Xie, Xiaoze Wu, Qingfeng Li, Jianwei Niu
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Organ Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Transfer Learning

Semi-supervised multi-organ medical image segmentation aids physicians in improving disease diagnosis and treatment planning and reduces the time and effort required for organ annotation.Existing state-of-the-art methods train the labeled data with ground truths and train the unlabeled data with pseudo-labels. However, the two training flows are separate, which does not reflect the interrelationship between labeled and unlabeled data.To address this issue, we propose a semi-supervised multi-organ segmentation method called GuidedNet, which leverages the knowledge from labeled data to guide the training of unlabeled data. The primary goals of this study are to improve the quality of pseudo-labels for unlabeled data and to enhance the network's learning capability for both small and complex organs.A key concept is that voxel features from labeled and unlabeled data that are close to each other in the feature space are more likely to belong to the same class.On this basis, a 3D Consistent Gaussian Mixture Model (3D-CGMM) is designed to leverage the feature distributions from labeled data to rectify the generated pseudo-labels.Furthermore, we introduce a Knowledge Transfer Cross Pseudo Supervision (KT-CPS) strategy, which leverages the prior knowledge obtained from the labeled data to guide the training of the unlabeled data, thereby improving the segmentation accuracy for both small and complex organs. Extensive experiments on two public datasets, FLARE22 and AMOS, demonstrated that GuidedNet is capable of achieving state-of-the-art performance. The source code with our proposed model are available at https://github.com/kimjisoo12/GuidedNet.
Surveying the Landscape of Image Captioning Evaluation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy and Novel Ensemble Method
Authors: Uri Berger, Gabriel Stanovsky, Omri Abend, Lea Frermann
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Image Captioning

The task of image captioning has recently been gaining popularity, and with it the complex task of evaluating the quality of image captioning models. In this work, we present the first survey and taxonomy of over 70 different image captioning metrics and their usage in hundreds of papers. We find that despite the diversity of proposed metrics, the vast majority of studies rely on only five popular metrics, which we show to be weakly correlated with human judgements. Instead, we propose EnsembEval -- an ensemble of evaluation methods achieving the highest reported correlation with human judgements across 5 image captioning datasets, showing there is a lot of room for improvement by leveraging a diverse set of metrics.
Clustering-friendly Representation Learning for Enhancing Salient Features
Authors: Toshiyuki Oshima, Kentaro Takagi, Kouta Nakata
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Clustering, Contrastive Learning, Deep Clustering, Image Clustering, Representation Learning

Recently, representation learning with contrastive learning algorithms has been successfully applied to challenging unlabeled datasets. However, these methods are unable to distinguish important features from unimportant ones under simply unsupervised settings, and definitions of importance vary according to the type of downstream task or analysis goal, such as the identification of objects or backgrounds. In this paper, we focus on unsupervised image clustering as the downstream task and propose a representation learning method that enhances features critical to the clustering task. We extend a clustering-friendly contrastive learning method and incorporate a contrastive analysis approach, which utilizes a reference dataset to separate important features from unimportant ones, into the design of loss functions. Conducting an experimental evaluation of image clustering for three datasets with characteristic backgrounds, we show that for all datasets, our method achieves higher clustering scores compared with conventional contrastive analysis and deep clustering methods.
ProxyCLIP: Proxy Attention Improves CLIP for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation
Authors: Mengcheng Lan, Chaofeng Chen, Yiping Ke, Xinjiang Wang, Litong Feng, Wayne Zhang
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Open Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation with Language-image Pre-training

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation requires models to effectively integrate visual representations with open-vocabulary semantic labels. While Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models shine in recognizing visual concepts from text, they often struggle with segment coherence due to their limited localization ability. In contrast, Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) excel at acquiring spatially consistent local visual representations, yet they fall short in semantic understanding. This paper introduces ProxyCLIP, an innovative framework designed to harmonize the strengths of both CLIP and VFMs, facilitating enhanced open-vocabulary semantic segmentation. ProxyCLIP leverages the spatial feature correspondence from VFMs as a form of proxy attention to augment CLIP, thereby inheriting the VFMs' robust local consistency and maintaining CLIP's exceptional zero-shot transfer capacity. We propose an adaptive normalization and masking strategy to get the proxy attention from VFMs, allowing for adaptation across different VFMs. Remarkably, as a training-free approach, ProxyCLIP significantly improves the average mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) across eight benchmarks from 40.3 to 44.4, showcasing its exceptional efficacy in bridging the gap between spatial precision and semantic richness for the open-vocabulary segmentation task.
On the Element-Wise Representation and Reasoning in Zero-Shot Image Recognition: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Jingcai Guo, Zhijie Rao, Zhi Chen, Song Guo, Jingren Zhou, DaCheng Tao
Date: 2024-08-09 00:00:00
Tasks: Object Recognition

Zero-shot image recognition (ZSIR) aims to recognize and reason in unseen domains by learning generalized knowledge from limited data in the seen domain. The gist of ZSIR is constructing a well-aligned mapping between the input visual space and the target semantic space, which is a bottom-up paradigm inspired by the process by which humans observe the world. In recent years, ZSIR has witnessed significant progress on a broad spectrum, from theory to algorithm design, as well as widespread applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there remains a lack of a systematic review of ZSIR from an element-wise perspective, i.e., learning fine-grained elements of data and their inferential associations. To fill the gap, this paper thoroughly investigates recent advances in element-wise ZSIR and provides a sound basis for its future development. Concretely, we first integrate three basic ZSIR tasks, i.e., object recognition, compositional recognition, and foundation model-based open-world recognition, into a unified element-wise paradigm and provide a detailed taxonomy and analysis of the main approaches. Next, we summarize the benchmarks, covering technical implementations, standardized datasets, and some more details as a library. Last, we sketch out related applications, discuss vital challenges, and suggest potential future directions.