pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Collective Perception Datasets for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sven Teufel, Jörg Gamerdinger, Jan-Patrick Kirchner, Georg Volk, Oliver Bringmann
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Autonomous Driving, Autonomous Vehicles, object-detection, Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation, Survey

To ensure safe operation of autonomous vehicles in complex urban environments, complete perception of the environment is necessary. However, due to environmental conditions, sensor limitations, and occlusions, this is not always possible from a single point of view. To address this issue, collective perception is an effective method. Realistic and large-scale datasets are essential for training and evaluating collective perception methods. This paper provides the first comprehensive technical review of collective perception datasets in the context of autonomous driving. The survey analyzes existing V2V and V2X datasets, categorizing them based on different criteria such as sensor modalities, environmental conditions, and scenario variety. The focus is on their applicability for the development of connected automated vehicles. This study aims to identify the key criteria of all datasets and to present their strengths, weaknesses, and anomalies. Finally, this survey concludes by making recommendations regarding which dataset is most suitable for collective 3D object detection, tracking, and semantic segmentation.
DCPI-Depth: Explicitly Infusing Dense Correspondence Prior to Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation
Authors: Mengtan Zhang, Yi Feng, Qijun Chen, Rui Fan
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation, Monocular Depth Estimation, Optical Flow Estimation, Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation

There has been a recent surge of interest in learning to perceive depth from monocular videos in an unsupervised fashion. A key challenge in this field is achieving robust and accurate depth estimation in challenging scenarios, particularly in regions with weak textures or where dynamic objects are present. This study makes three major contributions by delving deeply into dense correspondence priors to provide existing frameworks with explicit geometric constraints. The first novelty is a contextual-geometric depth consistency loss, which employs depth maps triangulated from dense correspondences based on estimated ego-motion to guide the learning of depth perception from contextual information, since explicitly triangulated depth maps capture accurate relative distances among pixels. The second novelty arises from the observation that there exists an explicit, deducible relationship between optical flow divergence and depth gradient. A differential property correlation loss is, therefore, designed to refine depth estimation with a specific emphasis on local variations. The third novelty is a bidirectional stream co-adjustment strategy that enhances the interaction between rigid and optical flows, encouraging the former towards more accurate correspondence and making the latter more adaptable across various scenarios under the static scene hypotheses. DCPI-Depth, a framework that incorporates all these innovative components and couples two bidirectional and collaborative streams, achieves state-of-the-art performance and generalizability across multiple public datasets, outperforming all existing prior arts. Specifically, it demonstrates accurate depth estimation in texture-less and dynamic regions, and shows more reasonable smoothness. Our source code will be publicly available at mias.group/DCPI-Depth upon publication.
A Machine Learning Approach to Analyze the Effects of Alzheimer's Disease on Handwriting through Lognormal Features
Authors: Tiziana D'Alessandro, Cristina Carmona-Duarte, Claudio De Stefano, Moises Diaz, Miguel A. Ferrer, Francesco Fontanella
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most incisive illnesses among the neurodegenerative ones, and it causes a progressive decline in cognitive abilities that, in the worst cases, becomes severe enough to interfere with daily life. Currently, there is no cure, so an early diagnosis is strongly needed to try and slow its progression through medical treatments. Handwriting analysis is considered a potential tool for detecting and understanding certain neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease. While handwriting analysis alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's, it may offer some insights and be used for a comprehensive assessment. The Sigma-lognormal model is conceived for movement analysis and can also be applied to handwriting. This model returns a set of lognormal parameters as output, which forms the basis for the computation of novel and significant features. This paper presents a machine learning approach applied to handwriting features extracted through the sigma-lognormal model. The aim is to develop a support system to help doctors in the diagnosis and study of Alzheimer, evaluate the effectiveness of the extracted features and finally study the relation among them.
Evaluation of Resource-Efficient Crater Detectors on Embedded Systems
Authors: Simon Vellas, Bill Psomas, Kalliopi Karadima, Dimitrios Danopoulos, Alexandros Paterakis, George Lentaris, Dimitrios Soudris, Konstantinos Karantzalos
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00

Real-time analysis of Martian craters is crucial for mission-critical operations, including safe landings and geological exploration. This work leverages the latest breakthroughs for on-the-edge crater detection aboard spacecraft. We rigorously benchmark several YOLO networks using a Mars craters dataset, analyzing their performance on embedded systems with a focus on optimization for low-power devices. We optimize this process for a new wave of cost-effective, commercial-off-the-shelf-based smaller satellites. Implementations on diverse platforms, including Google Coral Edge TPU, AMD Versal SoC VCK190, Nvidia Jetson Nano and Jetson AGX Orin, undergo a detailed trade-off analysis. Our findings identify optimal network-device pairings, enhancing the feasibility of crater detection on resource-constrained hardware and setting a new precedent for efficient and resilient extraterrestrial imaging. Code at: https://github.com/billpsomas/mars_crater_detection.
Zero-Shot Video Semantic Segmentation based on Pre-Trained Diffusion Models
Authors: Qian Wang, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Mohit Mendiratta, Fangneng Zhan, Adam Kortylewski, Christian Theobalt, Peter Wonka
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Segmentation, Semantic correspondence, Semantic Segmentation, Video Semantic Segmentation

We introduce the first zero-shot approach for Video Semantic Segmentation (VSS) based on pre-trained diffusion models. A growing research direction attempts to employ diffusion models to perform downstream vision tasks by exploiting their deep understanding of image semantics. Yet, the majority of these approaches have focused on image-related tasks like semantic correspondence and segmentation, with less emphasis on video tasks such as VSS. Ideally, diffusion-based image semantic segmentation approaches can be applied to videos in a frame-by-frame manner. However, we find their performance on videos to be subpar due to the absence of any modeling of temporal information inherent in the video data. To this end, we tackle this problem and introduce a framework tailored for VSS based on pre-trained image and video diffusion models. We propose building a scene context model based on the diffusion features, where the model is autoregressively updated to adapt to scene changes. This context model predicts per-frame coarse segmentation maps that are temporally consistent. To refine these maps further, we propose a correspondence-based refinement strategy that aggregates predictions temporally, resulting in more confident predictions. Finally, we introduce a masked modulation approach to upsample the coarse maps to the full resolution at a high quality. Experiments show that our proposed approach outperforms existing zero-shot image semantic segmentation approaches significantly on various VSS benchmarks without any training or fine-tuning. Moreover, it rivals supervised VSS approaches on the VSPW dataset despite not being explicitly trained for VSS.
PASTA: Pathology-Aware MRI to PET Cross-Modal Translation with Diffusion Models
Authors: Yitong Li, Igor Yakushev, Dennis M. Hedderich, Christian Wachinger
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established functional imaging technique for diagnosing brain disorders. However, PET's high costs and radiation exposure limit its widespread use. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not have these limitations. Although it also captures neurodegenerative changes, MRI is a less sensitive diagnostic tool than PET. To close this gap, we aim to generate synthetic PET from MRI. Herewith, we introduce PASTA, a novel pathology-aware image translation framework based on conditional diffusion models. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, PASTA excels in preserving both structural and pathological details in the target modality, which is achieved through its highly interactive dual-arm architecture and multi-modal condition integration. A cycle exchange consistency and volumetric generation strategy elevate PASTA's capability to produce high-quality 3D PET scans. Our qualitative and quantitative results confirm that the synthesized PET scans from PASTA not only reach the best quantitative scores but also preserve the pathology correctly. For Alzheimer's classification, the performance of synthesized scans improves over MRI by 4%, almost reaching the performance of actual PET. Code is available at https://github.com/ai-med/PASTA.
Adversarial Attacks on Both Face Recognition and Face Anti-spoofing Models
Authors: Fengfan Zhou, Qianyu Zhou, Hefei Ling, Xuequan Lu
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Anti-Spoofing, Face Recognition

Adversarial attacks on Face Recognition (FR) systems have demonstrated significant effectiveness against standalone FR models. However, their practicality diminishes in complete FR systems that incorporate Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) models, as these models can detect and mitigate a substantial number of adversarial examples. To address this critical yet under-explored challenge, we introduce a novel attack setting that targets both FR and FAS models simultaneously, thereby enhancing the practicability of adversarial attacks on integrated FR systems. Specifically, we propose a new attack method, termed Reference-free Multi-level Alignment (RMA), designed to improve the capacity of black-box attacks on both FR and FAS models. The RMA framework is built upon three key components. Firstly, we propose an Adaptive Gradient Maintenance module to address the imbalances in gradient contributions between FR and FAS models. Secondly, we develop a Reference-free Intermediate Biasing module to improve the transferability of adversarial examples against FAS models. In addition, we introduce a Multi-level Feature Alignment module to reduce feature discrepancies at various levels of representation. Extensive experiments showcase the superiority of our proposed attack method to state-of-the-art adversarial attacks.
Do Vision-Language Transformers Exhibit Visual Commonsense? An Empirical Study of VCR
Authors: Zhenyang Li, Yangyang Guo, Kejie Wang, Xiaolin Chen, Liqiang Nie, Mohan Kankanhalli
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Question Answering, TAG, Visual Commonsense Reasoning, Visual Reasoning

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) calls for explanatory reasoning behind question answering over visual scenes. To achieve this goal, a model is required to provide an acceptable rationale as the reason for the predicted answers. Progress on the benchmark dataset stems largely from the recent advancement of Vision-Language Transformers (VL Transformers). These models are first pre-trained on some generic large-scale vision-text datasets, and then the learned representations are transferred to the downstream VCR task. Despite their attractive performance, this paper posits that the VL Transformers do not exhibit visual commonsense, which is the key to VCR. In particular, our empirical results pinpoint several shortcomings of existing VL Transformers: small gains from pre-training, unexpected language bias, limited model architecture for the two inseparable sub-tasks, and neglect of the important object-tag correlation. With these findings, we tentatively suggest some future directions from the aspect of dataset, evaluation metric, and training tricks. We believe this work could make researchers revisit the intuition and goals of VCR, and thus help tackle the remaining challenges in visual reasoning.
CudaSIFT-SLAM: multiple-map visual SLAM for full procedure mapping in real human endoscopy
Authors: Richard Elvira, Juan D. Tardós, José M. M. Montiel
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: GPU, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Monocular visual simultaneous localization and mapping (V-SLAM) is nowadays an irreplaceable tool in mobile robotics and augmented reality, where it performs robustly. However, human colonoscopies pose formidable challenges like occlusions, blur, light changes, lack of texture, deformation, water jets or tool interaction, which result in very frequent tracking losses. ORB-SLAM3, the top performing multiple-map V-SLAM, is unable to recover from them by merging sub-maps or relocalizing the camera, due to the poor performance of its place recognition algorithm based on ORB features and DBoW2 bag-of-words. We present CudaSIFT-SLAM, the first V-SLAM system able to process complete human colonoscopies in real-time. To overcome the limitations of ORB-SLAM3, we use SIFT instead of ORB features and replace the DBoW2 direct index with the more computationally demanding brute-force matching, being able to successfully match images separated in time for relocation and map merging. Real-time performance is achieved thanks to CudaSIFT, a GPU implementation for SIFT extraction and brute-force matching. We benchmark our system in the C3VD phantom colon dataset, and in a full real colonoscopy from the Endomapper dataset, demonstrating the capabilities to merge sub-maps and relocate in them, obtaining significantly longer sub-maps. Our system successfully maps in real-time 88 % of the frames in the C3VD dataset. In a real screening colonoscopy, despite the much higher prevalence of occluded and blurred frames, the mapping coverage is 53 % in carefully explored areas and 38 % in the full sequence, a 70 % improvement over ORB-SLAM3.
From Obstacles to Resources: Semi-supervised Learning Faces Synthetic Data Contamination
Authors: Zerun Wang, Jiafeng Mao, Liuyu Xiang, Toshihiko Yamasaki
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can improve model performance by leveraging unlabeled images, which can be collected from public image sources with low costs. In recent years, synthetic images have become increasingly common in public image sources due to rapid advances in generative models. Therefore, it is becoming inevitable to include existing synthetic images in the unlabeled data for SSL. How this kind of contamination will affect SSL remains unexplored. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Real-Synthetic Hybrid SSL (RS-SSL), to investigate the impact of unlabeled data contaminated by synthetic images for SSL. First, we set up a new RS-SSL benchmark to evaluate current SSL methods and found they struggled to improve by unlabeled synthetic images, sometimes even negatively affected. To this end, we propose RSMatch, a novel SSL method specifically designed to handle the challenges of RS-SSL. RSMatch effectively identifies unlabeled synthetic data and further utilizes them for improvement. Extensive experimental results show that RSMatch can transfer synthetic unlabeled data from `obstacles' to `resources.' The effectiveness is further verified through ablation studies and visualization.
OED: Towards One-stage End-to-End Dynamic Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Guan Wang, Zhimin Li, Qingchao Chen, Yang Liu
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Graph Generation, object-detection, Object Detection, Relation Classification, Scene Graph Generation

Dynamic Scene Graph Generation (DSGG) focuses on identifying visual relationships within the spatial-temporal domain of videos. Conventional approaches often employ multi-stage pipelines, which typically consist of object detection, temporal association, and multi-relation classification. However, these methods exhibit inherent limitations due to the separation of multiple stages, and independent optimization of these sub-problems may yield sub-optimal solutions. To remedy these limitations, we propose a one-stage end-to-end framework, termed OED, which streamlines the DSGG pipeline. This framework reformulates the task as a set prediction problem and leverages pair-wise features to represent each subject-object pair within the scene graph. Moreover, another challenge of DSGG is capturing temporal dependencies, we introduce a Progressively Refined Module (PRM) for aggregating temporal context without the constraints of additional trackers or handcrafted trajectories, enabling end-to-end optimization of the network. Extensive experiments conducted on the Action Genome benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of our design. The code and models are available at \url{https://github.com/guanw-pku/OED}.
SA-GS: Semantic-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large Scene Reconstruction with Geometry Constrain
Authors: Butian Xiong, Xiaoyu Ye, Tze Ho Elden Tse, Kai Han, Shuguang Cui, Zhen Li
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D geometry

With the emergence of Gaussian Splats, recent efforts have focused on large-scale scene geometric reconstruction. However, most of these efforts either concentrate on memory reduction or spatial space division, neglecting information in the semantic space. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named SA-GS, for fine-grained 3D geometry reconstruction using semantic-aware 3D Gaussian Splats. Specifically, we leverage prior information stored in large vision models such as SAM and DINO to generate semantic masks. We then introduce a geometric complexity measurement function to serve as soft regularization, guiding the shape of each Gaussian Splat within specific semantic areas. Additionally, we present a method that estimates the expected number of Gaussian Splats in different semantic areas, effectively providing a lower bound for Gaussian Splats in these areas. Subsequently, we extract the point cloud using a novel probability density-based extraction method, transforming Gaussian Splats into a point cloud crucial for downstream tasks. Our method also offers the potential for detailed semantic inquiries while maintaining high image-based reconstruction results. We provide extensive experiments on publicly available large-scale scene reconstruction datasets with highly accurate point clouds as ground truth and our novel dataset. Our results demonstrate the superiority of our method over current state-of-the-art Gaussian Splats reconstruction methods by a significant margin in terms of geometric-based measurement metrics. Code and additional results will soon be available on our project page.
Multilingual Diversity Improves Vision-Language Representations
Authors: Thao Nguyen, Matthew Wallingford, Sebastin Santy, Wei-Chiu Ma, Sewoong Oh, Ludwig Schmidt, Pang Wei Koh, Ranjay Krishna
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Text Retrieval

Massive web-crawled image-text datasets lay the foundation for recent progress in multimodal learning. These datasets are designed with the goal of training a model to do well on standard computer vision benchmarks, many of which, however, have been shown to be English-centric (e.g., ImageNet). Consequently, existing data curation techniques gravitate towards using predominantly English image-text pairs and discard many potentially useful non-English samples. Our work questions this practice. Multilingual data is inherently enriching not only because it provides a gateway to learn about culturally salient concepts, but also because it depicts common concepts differently from monolingual data. We thus conduct a systematic study to explore the performance benefits of using more samples of non-English origins with respect to English vision tasks. By translating all multilingual image-text pairs from a raw web crawl to English and re-filtering them, we increase the prevalence of (translated) multilingual data in the resulting training set. Pre-training on this dataset outperforms using English-only or English-dominated datasets on ImageNet, ImageNet distribution shifts, image-English-text retrieval and on average across 38 tasks from the DataComp benchmark. On a geographically diverse task like GeoDE, we also observe improvements across all regions, with the biggest gain coming from Africa. In addition, we quantitatively show that English and non-English data are significantly different in both image and (translated) text space. We hope that our findings motivate future work to be more intentional about including multicultural and multilingual data, not just when non-English or geographically diverse tasks are involved, but to enhance model capabilities at large.
A Cross-Dataset Study for Text-based 3D Human Motion Retrieval
Authors: Léore Bensabath, Mathis Petrovich, Gül Varol
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Recognition, Retrieval, Zero-Shot Action Recognition

We provide results of our study on text-based 3D human motion retrieval and particularly focus on cross-dataset generalization. Due to practical reasons such as dataset-specific human body representations, existing works typically benchmarkby training and testing on partitions from the same dataset. Here, we employ a unified SMPL body format for all datasets, which allows us to perform training on one dataset, testing on the other, as well as training on a combination of datasets. Our results suggest that there exist dataset biases in standard text-motion benchmarks such as HumanML3D, KIT Motion-Language, and BABEL. We show that text augmentations help close the domain gap to some extent, but the gap remains. We further provide the first zero-shot action recognition results on BABEL, without using categorical action labels during training, opening up a new avenue for future research.
Anonymization Prompt Learning for Facial Privacy-Preserving Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Liang Shi, Jie Zhang, Shiguang Shan
Date: 2024-05-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Face Swapping, Image Generation, Privacy Preserving, Prompt Learning, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

Text-to-image diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion, generate highly realistic images from text descriptions. However, the generation of certain content at such high quality raises concerns. A prominent issue is the accurate depiction of identifiable facial images, which could lead to malicious deepfake generation and privacy violations. In this paper, we propose Anonymization Prompt Learning (APL) to address this problem. Specifically, we train a learnable prompt prefix for text-to-image diffusion models, which forces the model to generate anonymized facial identities, even when prompted to produce images of specific individuals. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate the successful anonymization performance of APL, which anonymizes any specific individuals without compromising the quality of non-identity-specific image generation. Furthermore, we reveal the plug-and-play property of the learned prompt prefix, enabling its effective application across different pretrained text-to-image models for transferrable privacy and security protection against the risks of deepfakes.