pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Rebalanced Multimodal Learning with Data-aware Unimodal Sampling
Authors: QingYuan Jiang, Zhouyang Chi, Xiao Ma, Qirong Mao, Yang Yang, Jinhui Tang
Date: 2025-03-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Reinforcement Learning (RL)

To address the modality learning degeneration caused by modality imbalance, existing multimodal learning~(MML) approaches primarily attempt to balance the optimization process of each modality from the perspective of model learning. However, almost all existing methods ignore the modality imbalance caused by unimodal data sampling, i.e., equal unimodal data sampling often results in discrepancies in informational content, leading to modality imbalance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel MML approach called \underline{D}ata-aware \underline{U}nimodal \underline{S}ampling~(\method), which aims to dynamically alleviate the modality imbalance caused by sampling. Specifically, we first propose a novel cumulative modality discrepancy to monitor the multimodal learning process. Based on the learning status, we propose a heuristic and a reinforcement learning~(RL)-based data-aware unimodal sampling approaches to adaptively determine the quantity of sampled data at each iteration, thus alleviating the modality imbalance from the perspective of sampling. Meanwhile, our method can be seamlessly incorporated into almost all existing multimodal learning approaches as a plugin. Experiments demonstrate that \method~can achieve the best performance by comparing with diverse state-of-the-art~(SOTA) baselines.
Linear Attention Modeling for Learned Image Compression
Authors: Donghui Feng, Zhengxue Cheng, Shen Wang, Ronghua Wu, Hongwei Hu, Guo Lu, Li Song
Date: 2025-02-09 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Image Compression

Recent years, learned image compression has made tremendous progress to achieve impressive coding efficiency. Its coding gain mainly comes from non-linear neural network-based transform and learnable entropy modeling. However, most of recent focuses have been solely on a strong backbone, and few studies consider the low-complexity design. In this paper, we propose LALIC, a linear attention modeling for learned image compression. Specially, we propose to use Bi-RWKV blocks, by utilizing the Spatial Mix and Channel Mix modules to achieve more compact features extraction, and apply the Conv based Omni-Shift module to adapt to two-dimensional latent representation. Furthermore, we propose a RWKV-based Spatial-Channel ConTeXt model (RWKV-SCCTX), that leverages the Bi-RWKV to modeling the correlation between neighboring features effectively, to further improve the RD performance. To our knowledge, our work is the first work to utilize efficient Bi-RWKV models with linear attention for learned image compression. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves competitive RD performances by outperforming VTM-9.1 by -14.84%, -15.20%, -17.32% in BD-rate on Kodak, Tecnick and CLIC Professional validation datasets.
Comparative Study of Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer for Bodo POS and NER Tagging Using Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experimental Model
Authors: Sanjib Narzary, Bihung Brahma, Haradip Mahilary, Mahananda Brahma, Bidisha Som, Sukumar Nandi
Date: 2025-03-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Cross-Lingual Transfer, Machine Translation, named-entity-recognition, Named Entity Recognition, Named Entity Recognition (NER), NER, Part-Of-Speech Tagging, POS, POS Tagging, TAG, Translation, Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer

Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging are critical tasks for Natural Language Processing (NLP), yet their availability for low-resource languages (LRLs) like Bodo remains limited. This article presents a comparative empirical study investigating the effectiveness of Google's Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experiment model for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer of POS and NER tagging to Bodo. We explore two distinct methodologies: (1) direct translation of English sentences to Bodo followed by tag transfer, and (2) prompt-based tag transfer on parallel English-Bodo sentence pairs. Both methods leverage the machine translation and cross-lingual understanding capabilities of Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experiment to project English POS and NER annotations onto Bodo text in CONLL-2003 format. Our findings reveal the capabilities and limitations of each approach, demonstrating that while both methods show promise for bootstrapping Bodo NLP, prompt-based transfer exhibits superior performance, particularly for NER. We provide a detailed analysis of the results, highlighting the impact of translation quality, grammatical divergences, and the inherent challenges of zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. The article concludes by discussing future research directions, emphasizing the need for hybrid approaches, few-shot fine-tuning, and the development of dedicated Bodo NLP resources to achieve high-accuracy POS and NER tagging for this low-resource language.
A Practical Introduction to Kernel Discrepancies: MMD, HSIC & KSD
Authors: Antonin Schrab
Date: 2025-03-04 00:00:00

This article provides a practical introduction to kernel discrepancies, focusing on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), and the Kernel Stein Discrepancy (KSD). Various estimators for these discrepancies are presented, including the commonly-used V-statistics and U-statistics, as well as several forms of the more computationally-efficient incomplete U-statistics. The importance of the choice of kernel bandwidth is stressed, showing how it affects the behaviour of the discrepancy estimation. Adaptive estimators are introduced, which combine multiple estimators with various kernels, addressing the problem of kernel selection.
DeepPhase: Periodic Autoencoders for Learning Motion Phase Manifolds
Authors: Sebastian Starke, Ian Mason, Taku Komura
Date: 2022-07-22 00:00:00
Proceeding: ACM Transactions on Graphics 2022 7
Tasks: Motion Synthesis

Learning the spatial-temporal structure of body movements is a fundamental problem for character motion synthesis. In this work, we propose a novel neural network architecture called the Periodic Autoencoder that can learn periodic features from large unstructured motion datasets in an unsupervised manner. The character movements are decomposed into multiple latent channels that capture the non-linear periodicity of different body segments while progressing forward in time. Our method extracts a multi-dimensional phase space from full-body motion data, which effectively clusters animations and produces a manifold in which computed feature distances provide a better similarity measure than in the original motion space to achieve better temporal and spatial alignment. We demonstrate that the learned periodic embedding can significantly help to improve neural motion synthesis in a number of tasks, including diverse locomotion skills, style-based movements, dance motion synthesis from music, synthesis of dribbling motions in football, and motion query for matching poses within large animation databases.
AN ELIXIR FOR BLOCKCHAIN SCALABILITY WITH CHANNEL BASED CLUSTERED SHARDING
Authors: V. Vinoth Kumar, U. PADMAVATHI, C. PRASANNA RANJITH3, BALAJI J, AND C.N.S. VINOTH KUMAR
Date: 2023-12-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 2023 12
Tasks: Benchmarking

Blockchain refers to distributed ledger technology which stores records without the help of a central authority. Born
with bitcoin, this brainstorming technology finds its applications in healthcare, land registry, education, pharmaceutical industry,
digital records, manufacturing companies and so on. The properties of blockchain such as immutability, distributed nature,
tamper-resistant made it a disruptive technology in many applications. The highlighting feature of this pioneering technology is
the distributed storage of ledger on all the nodes of the network. This helps to achieve decentralization without the trust for
third party. The transactions are proposed, executed, validated and are then added as blocks to the blockchain. The problems
with all the blockchain framework is scalability with respect to storage space and throughput. Scalability is the most significant
factor to be considered in this big data era. This article proposes a solution called Channel Based Clustered Sharding (CBCS)
approach for Hyperledger fabric blockchain framework. In this work, a lookup table is maintained which helps in forwarding
the transactions to the clustered shards for validation. The CBCS approach helps in parallel transaction processing which in turn
improves scalability and throughput of the system. The performance of the proposed work is measured with the help of Hyperledger
caliper, a benchmarking tool for the performance analysis of Hyperledger fabric. The results show that the performance of the
proposed system is increased from 3000 tps to 30,000 tps.
SatDepth: A Novel Dataset for Satellite Image Matching
Authors: Rahul Deshmukh, Avinash Kak
Date: 2025-03-17 00:00:00

Recent advances in deep-learning based methods for image matching have demonstrated their superiority over traditional algorithms, enabling correspondence estimation in challenging scenes with significant differences in viewing angles, illumination and weather conditions. However, the existing datasets, learning frameworks, and evaluation metrics for the deep-learning based methods are limited to ground-based images recorded with pinhole cameras and have not been explored for satellite images. In this paper, we present ``SatDepth'', a novel dataset that provides dense ground-truth correspondences for training image matching frameworks meant specifically for satellite images. Satellites capture images from various viewing angles and tracks through multiple revisits over a region. To manage this variability, we propose a dataset balancing strategy through a novel image rotation augmentation procedure. This procedure allows for the discovery of corresponding pixels even in the presence of large rotational differences between the images. We benchmark four existing image matching frameworks using our dataset and carry out an ablation study that confirms that the models trained with our dataset with rotation augmentation outperform (up to 40% increase in precision) the models trained with other datasets, especially when there exist large rotational differences between the images.
Synthetic Data Generation of Body Motion Data by Neural Gas Network for Emotion Recognition
Authors: Seyed Muhammad Hossein Mousavi
Date: 2025-03-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Emotion Recognition, Synthetic Data Generation

In the domain of emotion recognition using body motion, the primary challenge lies in the scarcity of diverse and generalizable datasets. Automatic emotion recognition uses machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to recognize a person's emotional state from various data types, such as text, images, sound, and body motion. Body motion poses unique challenges as many factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, personality, and illness, affect its appearance, leading to a lack of diverse and robust datasets specifically for emotion recognition. To address this, employing Synthetic Data Generation (SDG) methods, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Auto Encoders (VAEs), offers potential solutions, though these methods are often complex. This research introduces a novel application of the Neural Gas Network (NGN) algorithm for synthesizing body motion data and optimizing diversity and generation speed. By learning skeletal structure topology, the NGN fits the neurons or gas particles on body joints. Generated gas particles, which form the skeletal structure later on, will be used to synthesize the new body posture. By attaching body postures over frames, the final synthetic body motion appears. We compared our generated dataset against others generated by GANs, VAEs, and another benchmark algorithm, using benchmark metrics such as Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID), Diversity, and a few more. Furthermore, we continued evaluation using classification metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and a few others. Joint-related features or kinematic parameters were extracted, and the system assessed model performance against unseen data. Our findings demonstrate that the NGN algorithm produces more realistic and emotionally distinct body motion data and does so with more synthesizing speed than existing methods.
Inference-Time Computations for LLM Reasoning and Planning: A Benchmark and Insights
Authors: Shubham Parashar, Blake Olson, Sambhav Khurana, Eric Li, Hongyi Ling, James Caverlee, Shuiwang Ji
Date: 2025-02-18 00:00:00
Tasks: Arithmetic Reasoning, Common Sense Reasoning, Logical Reasoning

We examine the reasoning and planning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in solving complex tasks. Recent advances in inference-time techniques demonstrate the potential to enhance LLM reasoning without additional training by exploring intermediate steps during inference. Notably, OpenAI's o1 model shows promising performance through its novel use of multi-step reasoning and verification. Here, we explore how scaling inference-time techniques can improve reasoning and planning, focusing on understanding the tradeoff between computational cost and performance. To this end, we construct a comprehensive benchmark, known as Sys2Bench, and perform extensive experiments evaluating existing inference-time techniques on eleven diverse tasks across five categories, including arithmetic reasoning, logical reasoning, common sense reasoning, algorithmic reasoning, and planning. Our findings indicate that simply scaling inference-time computation has limitations, as no single inference-time technique consistently performs well across all reasoning and planning tasks.
Personalize Anything for Free with Diffusion Transformer
Authors: Haoran Feng, Zehuan Huang, Lin Li, Hairong Lv, Lu Sheng
Date: 2025-03-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Denoising, Diversity, Image Generation, Personalized Image Generation

Personalized image generation aims to produce images of user-specified concepts while enabling flexible editing. Recent training-free approaches, while exhibit higher computational efficiency than training-based methods, struggle with identity preservation, applicability, and compatibility with diffusion transformers (DiTs). In this paper, we uncover the untapped potential of DiT, where simply replacing denoising tokens with those of a reference subject achieves zero-shot subject reconstruction. This simple yet effective feature injection technique unlocks diverse scenarios, from personalization to image editing. Building upon this observation, we propose \textbf{Personalize Anything}, a training-free framework that achieves personalized image generation in DiT through: 1) timestep-adaptive token replacement that enforces subject consistency via early-stage injection and enhances flexibility through late-stage regularization, and 2) patch perturbation strategies to boost structural diversity. Our method seamlessly supports layout-guided generation, multi-subject personalization, and mask-controlled editing. Evaluations demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in identity preservation and versatility. Our work establishes new insights into DiTs while delivering a practical paradigm for efficient personalization.
EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Guandong Li, Zhaobin Chu
Date: 2025-03-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Semantic Compression, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

We propose EditID, a training-free approach based on the DiT architecture, which achieves highly editable customized IDs for text to image generation. Existing text-to-image models for customized IDs typically focus more on ID consistency while neglecting editability. It is challenging to alter facial orientation, character attributes, and other features through prompts. EditID addresses this by deconstructing the text-to-image model for customized IDs into an image generation branch and a character feature branch. The character feature branch is further decoupled into three modules: feature extraction, feature fusion, and feature integration. By introducing a combination of mapping features and shift features, along with controlling the intensity of ID feature integration, EditID achieves semantic compression of local features across network depths, forming an editable feature space. This enables the successful generation of high-quality images with editable IDs while maintaining ID consistency, achieving excellent results in the IBench evaluation, which is an editability evaluation framework for the field of customized ID text-to-image generation that quantitatively demonstrates the superior performance of EditID. EditID is the first text-to-image solution to propose customizable ID editability on the DiT architecture, meeting the demands of long prompts and high quality image generation.
MagicID: Hybrid Preference Optimization for ID-Consistent and Dynamic-Preserved Video Customization
Authors: Hengjia Li, Lifan Jiang, Xi Xiao, Tianyang Wang, Hongwei Yi, Boxi Wu, Deng Cai
Date: 2025-03-16 00:00:00

Video identity customization seeks to produce high-fidelity videos that maintain consistent identity and exhibit significant dynamics based on users' reference images. However, existing approaches face two key challenges: identity degradation over extended video length and reduced dynamics during training, primarily due to their reliance on traditional self-reconstruction training with static images. To address these issues, we introduce $\textbf{MagicID}$, a novel framework designed to directly promote the generation of identity-consistent and dynamically rich videos tailored to user preferences. Specifically, we propose constructing pairwise preference video data with explicit identity and dynamic rewards for preference learning, instead of sticking to the traditional self-reconstruction. To address the constraints of customized preference data, we introduce a hybrid sampling strategy. This approach first prioritizes identity preservation by leveraging static videos derived from reference images, then enhances dynamic motion quality in the generated videos using a Frontier-based sampling method. By utilizing these hybrid preference pairs, we optimize the model to align with the reward differences between pairs of customized preferences. Extensive experiments show that MagicID successfully achieves consistent identity and natural dynamics, surpassing existing methods across various metrics.
Edit Transfer: Learning Image Editing via Vision In-Context Relations
Authors: Lan Chen, Qi Mao, YuChao Gu, Mike Zheng Shou
Date: 2025-03-17 00:00:00
Tasks: In-Context Learning, Relation, Transfer Learning

We introduce a new setting, Edit Transfer, where a model learns a transformation from just a single source-target example and applies it to a new query image. While text-based methods excel at semantic manipulations through textual prompts, they often struggle with precise geometric details (e.g., poses and viewpoint changes). Reference-based editing, on the other hand, typically focuses on style or appearance and fails at non-rigid transformations. By explicitly learning the editing transformation from a source-target pair, Edit Transfer mitigates the limitations of both text-only and appearance-centric references. Drawing inspiration from in-context learning in large language models, we propose a visual relation in-context learning paradigm, building upon a DiT-based text-to-image model. We arrange the edited example and the query image into a unified four-panel composite, then apply lightweight LoRA fine-tuning to capture complex spatial transformations from minimal examples. Despite using only 42 training samples, Edit Transfer substantially outperforms state-of-the-art TIE and RIE methods on diverse non-rigid scenarios, demonstrating the effectiveness of few-shot visual relation learning.
RefDrone: A Challenging Benchmark for Referring Expression Comprehension in Drone Scenes
Authors: Zhichao Sun, Yepeng Liu, Huachao Zhu, Yuliang Gu, Yuda Zou, Zelong Liu, Gui-Song Xia, Bo Du, Yongchao Xu
Date: 2025-02-01 00:00:00
Tasks: Referring Expression, Referring Expression Comprehension

Drones have become prevalent robotic platforms with diverse applications, showing significant potential in Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI). Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) enables drones to locate objects based on natural language expressions, a crucial capability for Embodied AI. Despite advances in REC for ground-level scenes, aerial views introduce unique challenges including varying viewpoints, occlusions and scale variations. To address this gap, we introduce RefDrone, a REC benchmark for drone scenes. RefDrone reveals three key challenges in REC: 1) multi-scale and small-scale target detection; 2) multi-target and no-target samples; 3) complex environment with rich contextual expressions. To efficiently construct this dataset, we develop RDAgent (referring drone annotation framework with multi-agent system), a semi-automated annotation tool for REC tasks. RDAgent ensures high-quality contextual expressions and reduces annotation cost. Furthermore, we propose Number GroundingDINO (NGDINO), a novel method designed to handle multi-target and no-target cases. NGDINO explicitly learns and utilizes the number of objects referred to in the expression. Comprehensive experiments with state-of-the-art REC methods demonstrate that NGDINO achieves superior performance on both the proposed RefDrone and the existing gRefCOCO datasets. The dataset and code are be publicly at https://github.com/sunzc-sunny/refdrone.
Ferret: An Efficient Online Continual Learning Framework under Varying Memory Constraints
Authors: Yuhao Zhou, Yuxin Tian, Jindi Lv, Mingjia Shi, Yuanxi Li, Qing Ye, Shuhao Zhang, Jiancheng Lv
Date: 2025-03-15 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2025 1
Tasks: Continual Learning

In the realm of high-frequency data streams, achieving real-time learning within varying memory constraints is paramount. This paper presents Ferret, a comprehensive framework designed to enhance online accuracy of Online Continual Learning (OCL) algorithms while dynamically adapting to varying memory budgets. Ferret employs a fine-grained pipeline parallelism strategy combined with an iterative gradient compensation algorithm, ensuring seamless handling of high-frequency data with minimal latency, and effectively counteracting the challenge of stale gradients in parallel training. To adapt to varying memory budgets, its automated model partitioning and pipeline planning optimizes performance regardless of memory limitations. Extensive experiments across 20 benchmarks and 5 integrated OCL algorithms show Ferret's remarkable efficiency, achieving up to 3.7$\times$ lower memory overhead to reach the same online accuracy compared to competing methods. Furthermore, Ferret consistently outperforms these methods across diverse memory budgets, underscoring its superior adaptability. These findings position Ferret as a premier solution for efficient and adaptive OCL framework in real-time environments.