pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Physics-Informed Machine Learning for the Inverse Design of Wave Scattering Clusters
Authors: Joshua R. Tempelman, Tobias Weidemann, Eric B. Flynn, Kathryn H. Matlack, Alexander F. Vakakis
Date: 2024-02-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Physics-informed machine learning

Clusters of wave-scattering oscillators offer the ability to passively control wave energy in elastic continua. However, designing such clusters to achieve a desired wave energy pattern is a highly nontrivial task. While the forward scattering problem may be readily analyzed, the inverse problem is very challenging as it is ill-posed, high-dimensional, and known to admit non-unique solutions. Therefore, the inverse design of multiple scattering fields and remote sensing of scattering elements remains a topic of great interest. Motivated by recent advances in physics-informed machine learning, we develop a deep neural network that is capable of predicting the locations of scatterers by evaluating the patterns of a target wavefield. We present a modeling and training formulation to optimize the multi-functional nature of our network in the context of inverse design, remote sensing, and wavefield engineering. Namely, we develop a multi-stage training routine with customized physics-based loss functions to optimize models to detect the locations of scatterers and predict cluster configurations that are physically consistent with the target wavefield. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model as a remote sensing and inverse design tool for three scattering problem types, and we subsequently applicability for designing clusters that direct waves along preferred paths or localize wave energy. Hence, we present an effective model for multiple scattering inverse design which may have diverse applications such as wavefield imaging or passive wave energy control.
Event Detection for Non-intrusive Load Monitoring using Tukey s Fences
Authors: Sidi Mohammed Kaddour, Mohamed Lehsaini, Abdelhamid Bouchachia
Date: 2024-02-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Event Detection, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

The primary objective of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) techniques is to monitor and track power consumption within residential buildings. This is achieved by approximating the consumption of each individual appliance from the aggregate energy measurements. Event-based NILM solutions are generally more accurate than other methods. Our paper introduces a novel event detection algorithm called Tukey's Fences-based event detector (TFED). This algorithm uses the fast Fourier transform in conjunction with the Tukey fences rule to detect variations in the aggregated current signal. The primary benefit of TFED is its superior ability to accurately pinpoint the start times of events, as demonstrated through simulations. Our findings reveal that the proposed algorithm boasts an impressive 99% accuracy rate, surpassing the accuracy of other recent works in the literature such as the Cepstrum and $\chi ^2$ GOF statistic-based analyses, which only achieved 98% accuracy.
EEG classifier cross-task transfer to avoid training sessions in robot-assisted rehabilitation
Authors: Niklas Kueper, Su Kyoung Kim, Elsa Andrea Kirchner
Date: 2024-02-26 00:00:00
Tasks: EEG, Electroencephalogram (EEG), motion prediction

Background: For an individualized support of patients during rehabilitation, learning of individual machine learning models from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is required. Our approach allows labeled training data to be recorded without the need for a specific training session. For this, the planned exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation enables bilateral mirror therapy, in which movement intentions can be inferred from the activity of the unaffected arm. During this therapy, labeled EEG data can be collected to enable movement predictions of only the affected arm of a patient. Methods: A study was conducted with 8 healthy subjects and the performance of the classifier transfer approach was evaluated. Each subject performed 3 runs of 40 self-intended unilateral and bilateral reaching movements toward a target while EEG data was recorded from 64 channels. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained under both movement conditions to make predictions for the same type of movement. Furthermore, the classifier was evaluated to predict unilateral movements by only beeing trained on the data of the bilateral movement condition. Results: The results show that the performance of the classifier trained on selected EEG channels evoked by bilateral movement intentions is not significantly reduced compared to a classifier trained directly on EEG data including unilateral movement intentions. Moreover, the results show that our approach also works with only 8 or even 4 channels. Conclusion: It was shown that the proposed classifier transfer approach enables motion prediction without explicit collection of training data. Since the approach can be applied even with a small number of EEG channels, this speaks for the feasibility of the approach in real therapy sessions with patients and motivates further investigations with stroke patients.
Multimodal Sleep Apnea Detection with Missing or Noisy Modalities
Authors: Hamed Fayyaz, Abigail Strang, Niharika S. D'Souza, Rahmatollah Beheshti
Date: 2024-02-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Event Detection, Sleep apnea detection, Sleep Staging

Polysomnography (PSG) is a type of sleep study that records multimodal physiological signals and is widely used for purposes such as sleep staging and respiratory event detection. Conventional machine learning methods assume that each sleep study is associated with a fixed set of observed modalities and that all modalities are available for each sample. However, noisy and missing modalities are a common issue in real-world clinical settings. In this study, we propose a comprehensive pipeline aiming to compensate for the missing or noisy modalities when performing sleep apnea detection. Unlike other existing studies, our proposed model works with any combination of available modalities. Our experiments show that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in sleep apnea detection using various subsets of available data and different levels of noise, and maintains its high performance (AUROC>0.9) even in the presence of high levels of noise or missingness. This is especially relevant in settings where the level of noise and missingness is high (such as pediatric or outside-of-clinic scenarios).
BagStacking: An Integrated Ensemble Learning Approach for Freezing of Gait Detection in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Seffi Cohen, Lior Rokach
Date: 2024-02-24 00:00:00
Tasks: Ensemble Learning

This paper introduces BagStacking, a novel ensemble learning method designed to enhance the detection of Freezing of Gait (FOG) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) by using a lower-back sensor to track acceleration. Building on the principles of bagging and stacking, BagStacking aims to achieve the variance reduction benefit of bagging's bootstrap sampling while also learning sophisticated blending through stacking. The method involves training a set of base models on bootstrap samples from the training data, followed by a meta-learner trained on the base model outputs and true labels to find an optimal aggregation scheme. The experimental evaluation demonstrates significant improvements over other state-of-the-art machine learning methods on the validation set. Specifically, BagStacking achieved a MAP score of 0.306, outperforming LightGBM (0.234) and classic Stacking (0.286). Additionally, the run-time of BagStacking was measured at 3828 seconds, illustrating an efficient approach compared to Regular Stacking's 8350 seconds. BagStacking presents a promising direction for handling the inherent variability in FOG detection data, offering a robust and scalable solution to improve patient care in PD.
Assessing the importance of long-range correlations for deep-learning-based sleep staging
Authors: Tiezhi Wang, Nils Strodthoff
Date: 2024-02-22 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, EEG, Sleep Staging, Time Series

This study aims to elucidate the significance of long-range correlations for deep-learning-based sleep staging. It is centered around S4Sleep(TS), a recently proposed model for automated sleep staging. This model utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) as raw time series input and relies on structured state space sequence (S4) models as essential model component. Although the model already surpasses state-of-the-art methods for a moderate number of 15 input epochs, recent literature results suggest potential benefits from incorporating very long correlations spanning hundreds of input epochs. In this submission, we explore the possibility of achieving further enhancements by systematically scaling up the model's input size, anticipating potential improvements in prediction accuracy. In contrast to findings in literature, our results demonstrate that augmenting the input size does not yield a significant enhancement in the performance of S4Sleep(TS). These findings, coupled with the distinctive ability of S4 models to capture long-range dependencies in time series data, cast doubt on the diagnostic relevance of very long-range interactions for sleep staging.
FSK Demodulation and Bit String Extraction: A Python-Centric Approach in SDR Systems
Authors: Jimi Sanchez
Date: 2024-02-21 00:00:00

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation is widely utilized in various communication systems for data transmission due to its simplicity and robustness. In this paper, we present a Python-centric approach for demodulating FSK signals and extracting bit strings in Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems. Leveraging the flexibility and power of Python programming language along with SDR platforms, we explore the intricacies of FSK demodulation techniques and efficient bit string extraction methods. Our approach focuses on real-time processing capabilities, enabling rapid decoding of FSK signals with minimal latency. We discuss the implementation details, performance considerations, and optimization strategies, highlighting the advantages and challenges of utilizing Python in SDR applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experimental results and comparisons with existing methods. This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in implementing FSK demodulation and bit string extraction algorithms using Python within the context of SDR systems.
A New Architecture for Energy Efficient Fault Detection Using Energy Harvesters
Authors: Dongti Zhang, Patricio Peralta-Braz, Chun Tung Chou, Elena Atroshchenko, Mehrisadat Makki Alamdari, Mahbub Hassan
Date: 2024-02-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Fault Detection

The current battery-powered fault detection system for vibration monitoring has a rather limited lifetime. This is because the high-frequency sampling (typically tens of kilo-Hertz) required for vibration monitoring results in high energy consumption in both the analog-to-digital (ADC) converter and wireless transmissions. This paper proposes a new fault detection architecture that can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the ADC and wireless transmission. Our inspiration for the new architecture is based on the observation that the many tens of thousand of data samples collected for fault detection are ultimately transformed into a small number of features. If we can generate these features directly without high frequency sampling, then we can avoid the the energy cost for ADC and wireless transmissions. We propose to use piezoelectric energy harvesters (which can be designed to have different frequency responses) and integrators to obtain these features in an energy-efficient manner. By using a publicly available data set for ball bearing fault detection (which was originally sampled at 51.2kHz) and piezoelectric energy harvester models, we can produce features, which when sampled at 0.33Hz, give a fault detection accuracy of 89% while reducing the sampling requirement by 4 orders-of-magnitude.
SINR-Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation in Cognitive Interference Networks
Authors: Yaniv Cohen, Tomer Gafni, Ronen Greenberg, Kobi Cohen
Date: 2024-02-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning, Reinforcement Learning (RL)

We consider the problem of dynamic channel allocation (DCA) in cognitive communication networks with the goal of maximizing a global signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measure under a specified target quality of service (QoS)-SINR for each network. The shared bandwidth is partitioned into K channels with frequency separation. In contrast to the majority of existing studies that assume perfect orthogonality or a one- to-one user-channel allocation mapping, this paper focuses on real-world systems experiencing inter-carrier interference (ICI) and channel reuse by multiple large-scale networks. This realistic scenario significantly increases the problem dimension, rendering existing algorithms inefficient. We propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) framework for distributed DCA, named Channel Allocation RL To Overlapped Networks (CARLTON). The CARLTON framework is based on the Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm, utilizing the DeepMellow value-based RL algorithm. To ensure robust performance in the interference-laden environment we address, CARLTON employs a low-dimensional representation of observations, generating a QoS-type measure while maximizing a global SINR measure and ensuring the target QoS-SINR for each network. Our results demonstrate exceptional performance and robust generalization, showcasing superior efficiency compared to alternative state-of-the-art methods, while achieving a marginally diminished performance relative to a fully centralized approach.
EEG2Rep: Enhancing Self-supervised EEG Representation Through Informative Masked Inputs
Authors: Navid Mohammadi Foumani, Geoffrey Mackellar, Soheila Ghane, Saad Irtza, Nam Nguyen, Mahsa Salehi
Date: 2024-02-17 00:00:00
Tasks: EEG, EEG Signal Classification, Representation Learning

Self-supervised approaches for electroencephalography (EEG) representation learning face three specific challenges inherent to EEG data: (1) The low signal-to-noise ratio which challenges the quality of the representation learned, (2) The wide range of amplitudes from very small to relatively large due to factors such as the inter-subject variability, risks the models to be dominated by higher amplitude ranges, and (3) The absence of explicit segmentation in the continuous-valued sequences which can result in less informative representations. To address these challenges, we introduce \textit{EEG2Rep}, a self-prediction approach for self-supervised representation learning from EEG. Two core novel components of EEG2Rep are as follows: 1) Instead of learning to predict the masked input from raw EEG, EEG2Rep learns to predict masked input in latent representation space, and 2) Instead of conventional masking methods, EEG2Rep uses a new semantic subsequence preserving (SSP) method which provides informative masked inputs to guide EEG2Rep to generate rich semantic representations. In experiments on 6 diverse EEG tasks with subject variability, EEG2Rep significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We show that our semantic subsequence preserving improves the existing masking methods in self-prediction literature and find that preserving 50\% of EEG recordings will result in the most accurate results on all 6 tasks on average. Finally, we show that EEG2Rep is robust to noise addressing a significant challenge that exists in EEG data. Models and code are available at:\url{https://github.com/Navidfoumani/EEG2Rep}
Utilizing Machine Learning for Signal Classification and Noise Reduction in Amateur Radio
Authors: Jimi Sanchez
Date: 2024-02-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification

In the realm of amateur radio, the effective classification of signals and the mitigation of noise play crucial roles in ensuring reliable communication. Traditional methods for signal classification and noise reduction often rely on manual intervention and predefined thresholds, which can be labor-intensive and less adaptable to dynamic radio environments. In this paper, we explore the application of machine learning techniques for signal classification and noise reduction in amateur radio operations. We investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of employing supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms to automatically differentiate between desired signals and unwanted interference, as well as to reduce the impact of noise on received transmissions. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of machine learning approaches to enhance the efficiency and robustness of amateur radio communication systems, paving the way for more intelligent and adaptive radio solutions in the amateur radio community.
StaPep: an open-source tool for the structure prediction and feature extraction of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides
Authors: Zhe Wang, Jianping Wu, Mengjun Zheng, Chenchen Geng, Borui Zhen, Wei zhang, Hui Wu, Zhengyang Xu, Gang Xu, Si Chen, Xiang Li
Date: 2024-02-28 00:00:00
Tasks: Retrieval

Many tools exist for extracting structural and physiochemical descriptors from linear peptides to predict their properties, but similar tools for hydrocarbon-stapled peptides are lacking.Here, we present StaPep, a Python-based toolkit designed for generating 2D/3D structures and calculating 21 distinct features for hydrocarbon-stapled peptides.The current version supports hydrocarbon-stapled peptides containing 2 non-standard amino acids (norleucine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid) and 6 nonnatural anchoring residues (S3, S5, S8, R3, R5 and R8).Then we established a hand-curated dataset of 201 hydrocarbon-stapled peptides and 384 linear peptides with sequence information and experimental membrane permeability, to showcase StaPep's application in artificial intelligence projects.A machine learning-based predictor utilizing above calculated features was developed with AUC of 0.85, for identifying cell-penetrating hydrocarbon-stapled peptides.StaPep's pipeline spans data retrieval, cleaning, structure generation, molecular feature calculation, and machine learning model construction for hydrocarbon-stapled peptides.The source codes and dataset are freely available on Github: https://github.com/dahuilangda/stapep_package.
Exploring Gene Regulatory Interaction Networks and predicting therapeutic molecules for Hypopharyngeal Cancer and EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abanti Bhattacharjya, Md Manowarul Islam, Md Ashraf Uddin, Md. Alamin Talukder, AKM Azad, Sunil Aryal, Bikash Kumar Paul, Wahia Tasnim, Muhammad Ali Abdulllah Almoyad, Mohammad Ali Moni
Date: 2024-02-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Drug Design

With the advent of Information technology, the Bioinformatics research field is becoming increasingly attractive to researchers and academicians. The recent development of various Bioinformatics toolkits has facilitated the rapid processing and analysis of vast quantities of biological data for human perception. Most studies focus on locating two connected diseases and making some observations to construct diverse gene regulatory interaction networks, a forerunner to general drug design for curing illness. For instance, Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease that is associated with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we select EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma and Hypopharyngeal cancer by finding the Lung metastases in hypopharyngeal cancer. To conduct this study, we collect Mircorarray datasets from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), an online database controlled by NCBI. Differentially expressed genes, common genes, and hub genes between the selected two diseases are detected for the succeeding move. Our research findings have suggested common therapeutic molecules for the selected diseases based on 10 hub genes with the highest interactions according to the degree topology method and the maximum clique centrality (MCC). Our suggested therapeutic molecules will be fruitful for patients with those two diseases simultaneously.
Ten simple rules for collaborating with wet lab researchers for computational researchers
Authors: Mark D. Robinson, Peiying Cai, Martin Emons, Reto Gerber, Pierre-Luc Germain, Samuel Gunz, Siyuan Luo, Giulia Moro, Emanuel Sonder, Anthony Sonrel, Jiayi Wang, David Wissel, Izaskun Mallona
Date: 2024-02-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Friction

Computational biologists are frequently engaged in collaborative data analysis with wet lab researchers. These interdisciplinary projects, as necessary as they are to the scientific endeavour, can be surprisingly challenging due to cultural differences in operations and values. In these Ten Simple Rules guide we aim to help dry lab researchers identify sources of friction; and provide actionable tools to facilitate respectful, open, transparent and rewarding collaborations.
Public Goods Games in Disease Evolution and Spread
Authors: Christo Morison, Małgorzata Fic, Thomas Marcou, Javad Mohamadichamgavi, Javier Redondo Antón, Golsa Sayyar, Alexander Stein, Frank Bastian, Hana Krakovská, Nandakishor Krishnan, Diogo L. Pires, Mohammadreza Satouri, Frederik J. Thomsen, Kausutua Tjikundi, Wajid Ali
Date: 2024-02-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Epidemiology

Cooperation arises in nature at every scale, from within cells to entire ecosystems. In the framework of evolutionary game theory, public goods games (PGGs) are used to analyse scenarios where individuals can cooperate or defect, and can predict when and how these behaviours emerge. However, too few examples motivate the transferal of knowledge from one application of PGGs to another. Here, we focus on PGGs arising in disease modelling of cancer evolution and the spread of infectious diseases. We use these two systems as case studies for the development of the theory and applications of PGGs, which we succinctly review and compare. We also posit that applications of evolutionary game theory to decision-making in cancer, such as interactions between a clinician and a tumour, can learn from the PGGs studied in epidemiology, where cooperative behaviours such as quarantine and vaccination compliance have been more thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, instances of cellular-level cooperation observed in cancers point to a corresponding area of potential interest for modellers of other diseases, be they viral, bacterial or otherwise. We aim to demonstrate the breadth of applicability of PGGs in disease modelling while providing a starting point for those interested in quantifying cooperation arising in healthcare.