pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
LaserHuman: Language-guided Scene-aware Human Motion Generation in Free Environment
Authors: Peishan Cong, Ziyi Wang, Zhiyang Dou, Yiming Ren, Wei Yin, Kai Cheng, Yujing Sun, Xiaoxiao Long, Xinge Zhu, Yuexin Ma
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Motion Generation

Language-guided scene-aware human motion generation has great significance for entertainment and robotics. In response to the limitations of existing datasets, we introduce LaserHuman, a pioneering dataset engineered to revolutionize Scene-Text-to-Motion research. LaserHuman stands out with its inclusion of genuine human motions within 3D environments, unbounded free-form natural language descriptions, a blend of indoor and outdoor scenarios, and dynamic, ever-changing scenes. Diverse modalities of capture data and rich annotations present great opportunities for the research of conditional motion generation, and can also facilitate the development of real-life applications. Moreover, to generate semantically consistent and physically plausible human motions, we propose a multi-conditional diffusion model, which is simple but effective, achieving state-of-the-art performance on existing datasets.
DetDiffusion: Synergizing Generative and Perceptive Models for Enhanced Data Generation and Perception
Authors: Yibo Wang, Ruiyuan Gao, Kai Chen, Kaiqiang Zhou, Yingjie Cai, Lanqing Hong, Zhenguo Li, Lihui Jiang, Dit-yan Yeung, Qiang Xu, Kai Zhang
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Attribute, Data Augmentation, Image Generation, object-detection, Object Detection

Current perceptive models heavily depend on resource-intensive datasets, prompting the need for innovative solutions. Leveraging recent advances in diffusion models, synthetic data, by constructing image inputs from various annotations, proves beneficial for downstream tasks. While prior methods have separately addressed generative and perceptive models, DetDiffusion, for the first time, harmonizes both, tackling the challenges in generating effective data for perceptive models. To enhance image generation with perceptive models, we introduce perception-aware loss (P.A. loss) through segmentation, improving both quality and controllability. To boost the performance of specific perceptive models, our method customizes data augmentation by extracting and utilizing perception-aware attribute (P.A. Attr) during generation. Experimental results from the object detection task highlight DetDiffusion's superior performance, establishing a new state-of-the-art in layout-guided generation. Furthermore, image syntheses from DetDiffusion can effectively augment training data, significantly enhancing downstream detection performance.
Rotary Position Embedding for Vision Transformer
Authors: Byeongho Heo, Song Park, Dongyoon Han, Sangdoo Yun
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Position

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) performs remarkably on language models, especially for length extrapolation of Transformers. However, the impacts of RoPE on computer vision domains have been underexplored, even though RoPE appears capable of enhancing Vision Transformer (ViT) performance in a way similar to the language domain. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of RoPE when applied to ViTs, utilizing practical implementations of RoPE for 2D vision data. The analysis reveals that RoPE demonstrates impressive extrapolation performance, i.e., maintaining precision while increasing image resolution at inference. It eventually leads to performance improvement for ImageNet-1k, COCO detection, and ADE-20k segmentation. We believe this study provides thorough guidelines to apply RoPE into ViT, promising improved backbone performance with minimal extra computational overhead. Our code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/naver-ai/rope-vit
Text-to-3D Shape Generation
Authors: Han-Hung Lee, Manolis Savva, Angel X. Chang
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Shape Generation, Representation Learning, Text to 3D

Recent years have seen an explosion of work and interest in text-to-3D shape generation. Much of the progress is driven by advances in 3D representations, large-scale pretraining and representation learning for text and image data enabling generative AI models, and differentiable rendering. Computational systems that can perform text-to-3D shape generation have captivated the popular imagination as they enable non-expert users to easily create 3D content directly from text. However, there are still many limitations and challenges remaining in this problem space. In this state-of-the-art report, we provide a survey of the underlying technology and methods enabling text-to-3D shape generation to summarize the background literature. We then derive a systematic categorization of recent work on text-to-3D shape generation based on the type of supervision data required. Finally, we discuss limitations of the existing categories of methods, and delineate promising directions for future work.
AdaViPro: Region-based Adaptive Visual Prompt for Large-Scale Models Adapting
Authors: Mengyu Yang, Ye Tian, Lanshan Zhang, Xiao Liang, Xuming Ran, Wendong Wang
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, parameter-efficient fine-tuning

Recently, prompt-based methods have emerged as a new alternative `parameter-efficient fine-tuning' paradigm, which only fine-tunes a small number of additional parameters while keeping the original model frozen. However, despite achieving notable results, existing prompt methods mainly focus on `what to add', while overlooking the equally important aspect of `where to add', typically relying on the manually crafted placement. To this end, we propose a region-based Adaptive Visual Prompt, named AdaViPro, which integrates the `where to add' optimization of the prompt into the learning process. Specifically, we reconceptualize the `where to add' optimization as a problem of regional decision-making. During inference, AdaViPro generates a regionalized mask map for the whole image, which is composed of 0 and 1, to designate whether to apply or discard the prompt in each specific area. Therefore, we employ Gumbel-Softmax sampling to enable AdaViPro's end-to-end learning through standard back-propagation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our AdaViPro yields new efficiency and accuracy trade-offs for adapting pre-trained models.
SC-Tune: Unleashing Self-Consistent Referential Comprehension in Large Vision Language Models
Authors: Tongtian Yue, Jie Cheng, Longteng Guo, Xingyuan Dai, Zijia Zhao, Xingjian He, Gang Xiong, Yisheng Lv, Jing Liu
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1

Recent trends in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) research have been increasingly focusing on advancing beyond general image understanding towards more nuanced, object-level referential comprehension. In this paper, we present and delve into the self-consistency capability of LVLMs, a crucial aspect that reflects the models' ability to both generate informative captions for specific objects and subsequently utilize these captions to accurately re-identify the objects in a closed-loop process. This capability significantly mirrors the precision and reliability of fine-grained visual-language understanding. Our findings reveal that the self-consistency level of existing LVLMs falls short of expectations, posing limitations on their practical applicability and potential. To address this gap, we introduce a novel fine-tuning paradigm named Self-Consistency Tuning (SC-Tune). It features the synergistic learning of a cyclic describer-locator system. This paradigm is not only data-efficient but also exhibits generalizability across multiple LVLMs. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that SC-Tune significantly elevates performance across a spectrum of object-level vision-language benchmarks and maintains competitive or improved performance on image-level vision-language benchmarks. Both our model and code will be publicly available at https://github.com/ivattyue/SC-Tune.
Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction with Spatial and Temporal Consistency Regularizations
Authors: Kewei Wang, Yizheng Wu, Jun Cen, Zhiyu Pan, Xingyi Li, Zhe Wang, Zhiguo Cao, Guosheng Lin
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, motion prediction, Prediction

The perception of motion behavior in a dynamic environment holds significant importance for autonomous driving systems, wherein class-agnostic motion prediction methods directly predict the motion of the entire point cloud. While most existing methods rely on fully-supervised learning, the manual labeling of point cloud data is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, several annotation-efficient methods have been proposed to address this challenge. Although effective, these methods rely on weak annotations or additional multi-modal data like images, and the potential benefits inherent in the point cloud sequence are still underexplored. To this end, we explore the feasibility of self-supervised motion prediction with only unlabeled LiDAR point clouds. Initially, we employ an optimal transport solver to establish coarse correspondences between current and future point clouds as the coarse pseudo motion labels. Training models directly using such coarse labels leads to noticeable spatial and temporal prediction inconsistencies. To mitigate these issues, we introduce three simple spatial and temporal regularization losses, which facilitate the self-supervised training process effectively. Experimental results demonstrate the significant superiority of our approach over the state-of-the-art self-supervised methods.
SAMCT: Segment Any CT Allowing Labor-Free Task-Indicator Prompts
Authors: Xian lin, Yangyang Xiang, Zhehao Wang, Kwang-Ting Cheng, Zengqiang Yan, Li Yu
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00

Segment anything model (SAM), a foundation model with superior versatility and generalization across diverse segmentation tasks, has attracted widespread attention in medical imaging. However, it has been proved that SAM would encounter severe performance degradation due to the lack of medical knowledge in training and local feature encoding. Though several SAM-based models have been proposed for tuning SAM in medical imaging, they still suffer from insufficient feature extraction and highly rely on high-quality prompts. In this paper, we construct a large CT dataset consisting of 1.1M CT images and 5M masks from public datasets and propose a powerful foundation model SAMCT allowing labor-free prompts. Specifically, based on SAM, SAMCT is further equipped with a U-shaped CNN image encoder, a cross-branch interaction module, and a task-indicator prompt encoder. The U-shaped CNN image encoder works in parallel with the ViT image encoder in SAM to supplement local features. Cross-branch interaction enhances the feature expression capability of the CNN image encoder and the ViT image encoder by exchanging global perception and local features from one to the other. The task-indicator prompt encoder is a plug-and-play component to effortlessly encode task-related indicators into prompt embeddings. In this way, SAMCT can work in an automatic manner in addition to the semi-automatic interactive strategy in SAM. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of SAMCT against the state-of-the-art task-specific and SAM-based medical foundation models on various tasks. The code, data, and models are released at https://github.com/xianlin7/SAMCT.
Mora: Enabling Generalist Video Generation via A Multi-Agent Framework
Authors: Zhengqing Yuan, Yixin Liu, Yihan Cao, Weixiang Sun, Haolong Jia, Ruoxi Chen, Zhaoxu Li, Bin Lin, Li Yuan, Lifang He, Chi Wang, Yanfang Ye, Lichao Sun
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Image to Video Generation, Text-to-Video Generation, Video Editing, Video Generation

Text-to-video generation has made significant strides, but replicating the capabilities of advanced systems like OpenAI Sora remains challenging due to their closed-source nature. Existing open-source methods struggle to achieve comparable performance, often hindered by ineffective agent collaboration and inadequate training data quality. In this paper, we introduce Mora, a novel multi-agent framework that leverages existing open-source modules to replicate Sora functionalities. We address these fundamental limitations by proposing three key techniques: (1) multi-agent fine-tuning with a self-modulation factor to enhance inter-agent coordination, (2) a data-free training strategy that uses large models to synthesize training data, and (3) a human-in-the-loop mechanism combined with multimodal large language models for data filtering to ensure high-quality training datasets. Our comprehensive experiments on six video generation tasks demonstrate that Mora achieves performance comparable to Sora on VBench, outperforming existing open-source methods across various tasks. Specifically, in the text-to-video generation task, Mora achieved a Video Quality score of 0.800, surpassing Sora 0.797 and outperforming all other baseline models across six key metrics. Additionally, in the image-to-video generation task, Mora achieved a perfect Dynamic Degree score of 1.00, demonstrating exceptional capability in enhancing motion realism and achieving higher Imaging Quality than Sora. These results highlight the potential of collaborative multi-agent systems and human-in-the-loop mechanisms in advancing text-to-video generation. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/lichao-sun/Mora}.
Learning Coherent Matrixized Representation in Latent Space for Volumetric 4D Generation
Authors: Qitong Yang, Mingtao Feng, Zijie Wu, ShiJie Sun, Weisheng Dong, Yaonan Wang, Ajmal Mian
Date: 2024-03-20 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D geometry, Diversity

Directly learning to model 4D content, including shape, color, and motion, is challenging. Existing methods rely on pose priors for motion control, resulting in limited motion diversity and continuity in details. To address this, we propose a framework that generates volumetric 4D sequences, where 3D shapes are animated under given conditions (text-image guidance) with dynamic evolution in shape and color across spatial and temporal dimensions, allowing for free navigation and rendering from any direction. We first use a coherent 3D shape and color modeling to encode the shape and color of each detailed 3D geometry frame into a latent space. Then we propose a matrixized 4D sequence representation allowing efficient diffusion model operation. Finally, we introduce spatio-temporal diffusion for 4D volumetric generation under given images and text prompts. Extensive experiments on the ShapeNet, 3DBiCar, DeformingThings4D and Objaverse datasets for several tasks demonstrate that our method effectively learns to generate high quality 3D shapes with consistent color and coherent mesh animations, improving over the current methods. Our code will be publicly available.
Diversity-Aware Agnostic Ensemble of Sharpness Minimizers
Authors: Anh Bui, Vy Vo, Tung Pham, Dinh Phung, Trung Le
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Ensemble Learning

There has long been plenty of theoretical and empirical evidence supporting the success of ensemble learning. Deep ensembles in particular take advantage of training randomness and expressivity of individual neural networks to gain prediction diversity, ultimately leading to better generalization, robustness and uncertainty estimation. In respect of generalization, it is found that pursuing wider local minima result in models being more robust to shifts between training and testing sets. A natural research question arises out of these two approaches as to whether a boost in generalization ability can be achieved if ensemble learning and loss sharpness minimization are integrated. Our work investigates this connection and proposes DASH - a learning algorithm that promotes diversity and flatness within deep ensembles. More concretely, DASH encourages base learners to move divergently towards low-loss regions of minimal sharpness. We provide a theoretical backbone for our method along with extensive empirical evidence demonstrating an improvement in ensemble generalizability.
DecentNeRFs: Decentralized Neural Radiance Fields from Crowdsourced Images
Authors: Zaid Tasneem, Akshat Dave, Abhishek Singh, Kushagra Tiwary, Praneeth Vepakomma, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Ramesh Raskar
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00

Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) show potential for transforming images captured worldwide into immersive 3D visual experiences. However, most of this captured visual data remains siloed in our camera rolls as these images contain personal details. Even if made public, the problem of learning 3D representations of billions of scenes captured daily in a centralized manner is computationally intractable. Our approach, DecentNeRF, is the first attempt at decentralized, crowd-sourced NeRFs that require $\sim 10^4\times$ less server computing for a scene than a centralized approach. Instead of sending the raw data, our approach requires users to send a 3D representation, distributing the high computation cost of training centralized NeRFs between the users. It learns photorealistic scene representations by decomposing users' 3D views into personal and global NeRFs and a novel optimally weighted aggregation of only the latter. We validate the advantage of our approach to learn NeRFs with photorealism and minimal server computation cost on structured synthetic and real-world photo tourism datasets. We further analyze how secure aggregation of global NeRFs in DecentNeRF minimizes the undesired reconstruction of personal content by the server.
Hermite coordinate interpolation kernels: application to image zooming
Authors: Konstantinos K. Delibasis, Iro Oikonomou, Aristides I. Kechriniotis, Georgios N. Tsigaridas
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00
Tasks: SSIM

A number of basic image processing tasks, such as any geometric transformation require interpolation at subpixel image values. In this work we utilize the multidimensional coordinate Hermite spline interpolation defined on non-equal spaced, rectilinear grids and apply it to a very common image processing task, image zooming. Since Hermite interpolation utilizes function values, as well as partial derivative values, it is natural to apply it to image processing tasks as a special case of equi-spaced grid, using numerical approximations of the image partial derivatives at each pixel. Furthermore, the task of image interpolation requires the calculation of image values at positions with nono-zero fractional part. Thus, any spline interpolation can be written as convolution with an appropriate kernel. In this context we generate the Hermite kernels according to the derived $n-$dimensional interpolant of Theorem 2 in [1]. We show that despite the increased complexity of the interpolant, once the kernels are constructed, the Hermite spline interpolation can be applied to images as efficiently as any other less complicated method. Finally, we perform illustrative numerical examples to showcase the applicability and high accuracy of the proposed Hermite kernels for image zooming, compared to other interpolation methods, both traditional convolution-based, as well as employing deep learning, in terms of PSNR, as well as SSIM error metrics. The proposed Hermite spline kernels outperform all other methods in the majority of the test images, in experiments using many cascaded repetitions of the zoom operation. Interesting conclusions can be drawn considering all methods under comparison.
3D Semantic MapNet: Building Maps for Multi-Object Re-Identification in 3D
Authors: Vincent Cartillier, Neha Jain, Irfan Essa
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Object

We study the task of 3D multi-object re-identification from embodied tours. Specifically, an agent is given two tours of an environment (e.g. an apartment) under two different layouts (e.g. arrangements of furniture). Its task is to detect and re-identify objects in 3D - e.g. a "sofa" moved from location A to B, a new "chair" in the second layout at location C, or a "lamp" from location D in the first layout missing in the second. To support this task, we create an automated infrastructure to generate paired egocentric tours of initial/modified layouts in the Habitat simulator using Matterport3D scenes, YCB and Google-scanned objects. We present 3D Semantic MapNet (3D-SMNet) - a two-stage re-identification model consisting of (1) a 3D object detector that operates on RGB-D videos with known pose, and (2) a differentiable object matching module that solves correspondence estimation between two sets of 3D bounding boxes. Overall, 3D-SMNet builds object-based maps of each layout and then uses a differentiable matcher to re-identify objects across the tours. After training 3D-SMNet on our generated episodes, we demonstrate zero-shot transfer to real-world rearrangement scenarios by instantiating our task in Replica, Active Vision, and RIO environments depicting rearrangements. On all datasets, we find 3D-SMNet outperforms competitive baselines. Further, we show jointly training on real and generated episodes can lead to significant improvements over training on real data alone.
Reflectivity Is All You Need!: Advancing LiDAR Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Kasi Viswanath, Peng Jiang, Srikanth Saripalli
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00
Tasks: All, Domain Adaptation, LIDAR Semantic Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

LiDAR semantic segmentation frameworks predominantly use geometry-based features to differentiate objects within a scan. Although these methods excel in scenarios with clear boundaries and distinct shapes, their performance declines in environments where boundaries are indistinct, particularly in off-road contexts. To address this issue, recent advances in 3D segmentation algorithms have aimed to leverage raw LiDAR intensity readings to improve prediction precision. However, despite these advances, existing learning-based models face challenges in linking the complex interactions between raw intensity and variables such as distance, incidence angle, material reflectivity, and atmospheric conditions. Building upon our previous work, this paper explores the advantages of employing calibrated intensity (also referred to as reflectivity) within learning-based LiDAR semantic segmentation frameworks. We start by demonstrating that adding reflectivity as input enhances the LiDAR semantic segmentation model by providing a better data representation. Extensive experimentation with the Rellis-3d off-road dataset shows that replacing intensity with reflectivity results in a 4\% improvement in mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) for off-road scenarios. We demonstrate the potential benefits of using calibrated intensity for semantic segmentation in urban environments (SemanticKITTI) and for cross-sensor domain adaptation. Additionally, we tested the Segment Anything Model (SAM) using reflectivity as input, resulting in improved segmentation masks for LiDAR images.
Castor: Competing shapelets for fast and accurate time series classification
Authors: Isak Samsten, Zed Lee
Date: 2024-03-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Time Series, Time Series Classification

Shapelets are discriminative subsequences, originally embedded in shapelet-based decision trees but have since been extended to shapelet-based transformations. We propose Castor, a simple, efficient, and accurate time series classification algorithm that utilizes shapelets to transform time series. The transformation organizes shapelets into groups with varying dilation and allows the shapelets to compete over the time context to construct a diverse feature representation. By organizing the shapelets into groups, we enable the transformation to transition between levels of competition, resulting in methods that more closely resemble distance-based transformations or dictionary-based transformations. We demonstrate, through an extensive empirical investigation, that Castor yields transformations that result in classifiers that are significantly more accurate than several state-of-the-art classifiers. In an extensive ablation study, we examine the effect of choosing hyperparameters and suggest accurate and efficient default values.