pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Remembering Transformer for Continual Learning
Authors: Yuwei Sun, Ippei Fujisawa, Arthur Juliani, Jun Sakuma, Ryota Kanai
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Continual Learning, Knowledge Distillation, Novelty Detection

Neural networks encounter the challenge of Catastrophic Forgetting (CF) in continual learning, where new task learning interferes with previously learned knowledge. Existing data fine-tuning and regularization methods necessitate task identity information during inference and cannot eliminate interference among different tasks, while soft parameter sharing approaches encounter the problem of an increasing model parameter size. To tackle these challenges, we propose the Remembering Transformer, inspired by the brain's Complementary Learning Systems (CLS). Remembering Transformer employs a mixture-of-adapters architecture and a generative model-based novelty detection mechanism in a pretrained Transformer to alleviate CF. Remembering Transformer dynamically routes task data to the most relevant adapter with enhanced parameter efficiency based on knowledge distillation. We conducted extensive experiments, including ablation studies on the novelty detection mechanism and model capacity of the mixture-of-adapters, in a broad range of class-incremental split tasks and permutation tasks. Our approach demonstrated SOTA performance surpassing the second-best method by 15.90% in the split tasks, reducing the memory footprint from 11.18M to 0.22M in the five splits CIFAR10 task.
Generalization Gap in Data Augmentation: Insights from Illumination
Authors: Jianqiang Xiao, Weiwen Guo, Junfeng Liu, Mengze Li
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Data Augmentation, Diversity

In the field of computer vision, data augmentation is widely used to enrich the feature complexity of training datasets with deep learning techniques. However, regarding the generalization capabilities of models, the difference in artificial features generated by data augmentation and natural visual features has not been fully revealed. This study introduces the concept of "visual representation variables" to define the possible visual variations in a task as a joint distribution of these variables. We focus on the visual representation variable "illumination", by simulating its distribution degradation and examining how data augmentation techniques enhance model performance on a classification task. Our goal is to investigate the differences in generalization between models trained with augmented data and those trained under real-world illumination conditions. Results indicate that after applying various data augmentation methods, model performance has significantly improved. Yet, a noticeable generalization gap still exists after utilizing various data augmentation methods, emphasizing the critical role of feature diversity in the training set for enhancing model generalization.
Learning to Classify New Foods Incrementally Via Compressed Exemplars
Authors: Justin Yang, Zhihao Duan, Jiangpeng He, Fengqing Zhu
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Continual Learning, Food Recognition, image-classification, Image Classification, Image Compression

Food image classification systems play a crucial role in health monitoring and diet tracking through image-based dietary assessment techniques. However, existing food recognition systems rely on static datasets characterized by a pre-defined fixed number of food classes. This contrasts drastically with the reality of food consumption, which features constantly changing data. Therefore, food image classification systems should adapt to and manage data that continuously evolves. This is where continual learning plays an important role. A challenge in continual learning is catastrophic forgetting, where ML models tend to discard old knowledge upon learning new information. While memory-replay algorithms have shown promise in mitigating this problem by storing old data as exemplars, they are hampered by the limited capacity of memory buffers, leading to an imbalance between new and previously learned data. To address this, our work explores the use of neural image compression to extend buffer size and enhance data diversity. We introduced the concept of continuously learning a neural compression model to adaptively improve the quality of compressed data and optimize the bitrates per pixel (bpp) to store more exemplars. Our extensive experiments, including evaluations on food-specific datasets including Food-101 and VFN-74, as well as the general dataset ImageNet-100, demonstrate improvements in classification accuracy. This progress is pivotal in advancing more realistic food recognition systems that are capable of adapting to continually evolving data. Moreover, the principles and methodologies we've developed hold promise for broader applications, extending their benefits to other domains of continual machine learning systems.
PillarTrack:Boosting Pillar Representation for Transformer-based 3D Single Object Tracking on Point Clouds
Authors: Weisheng Xu, Sifan Zhou, Jiaqi Xiong, Ziyu Zhao, Zhihang Yuan
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Single Object Tracking, Autonomous Driving, Object Tracking

LiDAR-based 3D single object tracking (3D SOT) is a critical issue in robotics and autonomous driving. Existing 3D SOT methods typically adhere to a point-based processing pipeline, wherein the re-sampling operation invariably leads to either redundant or missing information, thereby impacting performance. To address these issues, we propose PillarTrack, a novel pillar-based 3D SOT framework. First, we transform sparse point clouds into dense pillars to preserve the local and global geometrics. Second, we propose a Pyramid-Encoded Pillar Feature Encoder (PE-PFE) design to enhance the robustness of pillar feature for translation/rotation/scale. Third, we present an efficient Transformer-based backbone from the perspective of modality differences. Finally, we construct our PillarTrack based on above designs. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves comparable performance on the KITTI and NuScenes datasets, significantly enhancing the performance of the baseline.
Fine-Grained Side Information Guided Dual-Prompts for Zero-Shot Skeleton Action Recognition
Authors: Yang Chen, Jingcai Guo, Tian He, Ling Wang
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Recognition, Attribute, Zero-Shot Action Recognition, Zero Shot Skeletal Action Recognition

Skeleton-based zero-shot action recognition aims to recognize unknown human actions based on the learned priors of the known skeleton-based actions and a semantic descriptor space shared by both known and unknown categories. However, previous works focus on establishing the bridges between the known skeleton representation space and semantic descriptions space at the coarse-grained level for recognizing unknown action categories, ignoring the fine-grained alignment of these two spaces, resulting in suboptimal performance in distinguishing high-similarity action categories. To address these challenges, we propose a novel method via Side information and dual-prompts learning for skeleton-based zero-shot action recognition (STAR) at the fine-grained level. Specifically, 1) we decompose the skeleton into several parts based on its topology structure and introduce the side information concerning multi-part descriptions of human body movements for alignment between the skeleton and the semantic space at the fine-grained level; 2) we design the visual-attribute and semantic-part prompts to improve the intra-class compactness within the skeleton space and inter-class separability within the semantic space, respectively, to distinguish the high-similarity actions. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in ZSL and GZSL settings on NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, and PKU-MMD datasets.
G-NeRF: Geometry-enhanced Novel View Synthesis from Single-View Images
Authors: Zixiong Huang, Qi Chen, Libo Sun, Yifan Yang, Naizhou Wang, Mingkui Tan, Qi Wu
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: 3D geometry, NeRF, Novel View Synthesis

Novel view synthesis aims to generate new view images of a given view image collection. Recent attempts address this problem relying on 3D geometry priors (e.g., shapes, sizes, and positions) learned from multi-view images. However, such methods encounter the following limitations: 1) they require a set of multi-view images as training data for a specific scene (e.g., face, car or chair), which is often unavailable in many real-world scenarios; 2) they fail to extract the geometry priors from single-view images due to the lack of multi-view supervision. In this paper, we propose a Geometry-enhanced NeRF (G-NeRF), which seeks to enhance the geometry priors by a geometry-guided multi-view synthesis approach, followed by a depth-aware training. In the synthesis process, inspired that existing 3D GAN models can unconditionally synthesize high-fidelity multi-view images, we seek to adopt off-the-shelf 3D GAN models, such as EG3D, as a free source to provide geometry priors through synthesizing multi-view data. Simultaneously, to further improve the geometry quality of the synthetic data, we introduce a truncation method to effectively sample latent codes within 3D GAN models. To tackle the absence of multi-view supervision for single-view images, we design the depth-aware training approach, incorporating a depth-aware discriminator to guide geometry priors through depth maps. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of both qualitative and quantitative results.
LUCF-Net: Lightweight U-shaped Cascade Fusion Network for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Songkai Sun, Qingshan She, Yuliang Ma, Rihui Li, Yingchun Zhang
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Cardiac Segmentation, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Organ Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In this study, the performance of existing U-shaped neural network architectures was enhanced for medical image segmentation by adding Transformer. Although Transformer architectures are powerful at extracting global information, its ability to capture local information is limited due to its high complexity. To address this challenge, we proposed a new lightweight U-shaped cascade fusion network (LUCF-Net) for medical image segmentation. It utilized an asymmetrical structural design and incorporated both local and global modules to enhance its capacity for local and global modeling. Additionally, a multi-layer cascade fusion decoding network was designed to further bolster the network's information fusion capabilities. Validation results achieved on multi-organ datasets in CT format, cardiac segmentation datasets in MRI format, and dermatology datasets in image format demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in handling local-global information, achieving an improvement of 1.54% in Dice coefficient and 2.6 mm in Hausdorff distance on multi-organ segmentation. Furthermore, as a network that combines Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer architectures, it achieves competitive segmentation performance with only 6.93 million parameters and 6.6 gigabytes of floating point operations, without the need of pre-training. In summary, the proposed method demonstrated enhanced performance while retaining a simpler model design compared to other Transformer-based segmentation networks.
Trashbusters: Deep Learning Approach for Litter Detection and Tracking
Authors: Kashish Jain, Manthan Juthani, Jash Jain, Anant V. Nimkar
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning, Face Recognition, Object Tracking

The illegal disposal of trash is a major public health and environmental concern. Disposing of trash in unplanned places poses serious health and environmental risks. We should try to restrict public trash cans as much as possible. This research focuses on automating the penalization of litterbugs, addressing the persistent problem of littering in public places. Traditional approaches relying on manual intervention and witness reporting suffer from delays, inaccuracies, and anonymity issues. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a fully automated system that utilizes surveillance cameras and advanced computer vision algorithms for litter detection, object tracking, and face recognition. The system accurately identifies and tracks individuals engaged in littering activities, attaches their identities through face recognition, and enables efficient enforcement of anti-littering policies. By reducing reliance on manual intervention, minimizing human error, and providing prompt identification, the proposed system offers significant advantages in addressing littering incidents. The primary contribution of this research lies in the implementation of the proposed system, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance surveillance operations and automate the penalization of litterbugs.
Learning to Localize Objects Improves Spatial Reasoning in Visual-LLMs
Authors: Kanchana Ranasinghe, Satya Narayan Shukla, Omid Poursaeed, Michael S. Ryoo, Tsung-Yu Lin
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Descriptive, Hallucination, Question Answering, Spatial Reasoning, Video Question Answering, Visual Question Answering, Visual Question Answering (VQA), Zero-Shot Region Description

Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into visual domain tasks, resulting in visual-LLMs (V-LLMs), has enabled exceptional performance in vision-language tasks, particularly for visual question answering (VQA). However, existing V-LLMs (e.g. BLIP-2, LLaVA) demonstrate weak spatial reasoning and localization awareness. Despite generating highly descriptive and elaborate textual answers, these models fail at simple tasks like distinguishing a left vs right location. In this work, we explore how image-space coordinate based instruction fine-tuning objectives could inject spatial awareness into V-LLMs. We discover optimal coordinate representations, data-efficient instruction fine-tuning objectives, and pseudo-data generation strategies that lead to improved spatial awareness in V-LLMs. Additionally, our resulting model improves VQA across image and video domains, reduces undesired hallucination, and generates better contextual object descriptions. Experiments across 5 vision-language tasks involving 14 different datasets establish the clear performance improvements achieved by our proposed framework.
Transferable and Principled Efficiency for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation
Authors: Jingxuan Xu, Wuyang Chen, Yao Zhao, Yunchao Wei
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Model Compression

Recent success of pre-trained foundation vision-language models makes Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) possible. Despite the promising performance, this approach introduces heavy computational overheads for two challenges: 1) large model sizes of the backbone; 2) expensive costs during the fine-tuning. These challenges hinder this OVS strategy from being widely applicable and affordable in real-world scenarios. Although traditional methods such as model compression and efficient fine-tuning can address these challenges, they often rely on heuristics. This means that their solutions cannot be easily transferred and necessitate re-training on different models, which comes at a cost. In the context of efficient OVS, we target achieving performance that is comparable to or even better than prior OVS works based on large vision-language foundation models, by utilizing smaller models that incur lower training costs. The core strategy is to make our efficiency principled and thus seamlessly transferable from one OVS framework to others without further customization. Comprehensive experiments on diverse OVS benchmarks demonstrate our superior trade-off between segmentation accuracy and computation costs over previous works. Our code is available on https://github.com/Xujxyang/OpenTrans
Multi-view Aggregation Network for Dichotomous Image Segmentation
Authors: Qian Yu, Xiaoqi Zhao, Youwei Pang, Lihe Zhang, Huchuan Lu
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Decoder, Dichotomous Image Segmentation, Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Dichotomous Image Segmentation (DIS) has recently emerged towards high-precision object segmentation from high-resolution natural images. When designing an effective DIS model, the main challenge is how to balance the semantic dispersion of high-resolution targets in the small receptive field and the loss of high-precision details in the large receptive field. Existing methods rely on tedious multiple encoder-decoder streams and stages to gradually complete the global localization and local refinement. Human visual system captures regions of interest by observing them from multiple views. Inspired by it, we model DIS as a multi-view object perception problem and provide a parsimonious multi-view aggregation network (MVANet), which unifies the feature fusion of the distant view and close-up view into a single stream with one encoder-decoder structure. With the help of the proposed multi-view complementary localization and refinement modules, our approach established long-range, profound visual interactions across multiple views, allowing the features of the detailed close-up view to focus on highly slender structures.Experiments on the popular DIS-5K dataset show that our MVANet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and speed. The source code and datasets will be publicly available at \href{https://github.com/qianyu-dlut/MVANet}{MVANet}.
Encoding Urban Ecologies: Automated Building Archetype Generation through Self-Supervised Learning for Energy Modeling
Authors: Xinwei Zhuang, Zixun Huang, Wentao Zeng, Luisa Caldas
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Self-Supervised Learning

As the global population and urbanization expand, the building sector has emerged as the predominant energy consumer and carbon emission contributor. The need for innovative Urban Building Energy Modeling grows, yet existing building archetypes often fail to capture the unique attributes of local buildings and the nuanced distinctions between different cities, jeopardizing the precision of energy modeling. This paper presents an alternative tool employing self-supervised learning to distill complex geometric data into representative, locale-specific archetypes. This study attempts to foster a new paradigm of interaction with built environments, incorporating local parameters to conduct bespoke energy simulations at the community level. The catered archetypes can augment the precision and applicability of energy consumption modeling at different scales across diverse building inventories. This tool provides a potential solution that encourages the exploration of emerging local ecologies. By integrating building envelope characteristics and cultural granularity into the building archetype generation process, we seek a future where architecture and urban design are intricately interwoven with the energy sector in shaping our built environments.
CopilotCAD: Empowering Radiologists with Report Completion Models and Quantitative Evidence from Medical Image Foundation Models
Authors: Sheng Wang, Tianming Du, Katherine Fischer, Gregory E Tasian, Justin Ziemba, Joanie M Garratt, Hersh Sagreiya, Yong Fan
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, image-classification, Image Classification, Medical Image Analysis, Medical Image Classification

Computer-aided diagnosis systems hold great promise to aid radiologists and clinicians in radiological clinical practice and enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the conventional systems primarily focus on delivering diagnostic results through text report generation or medical image classification, positioning them as standalone decision-makers rather than helpers and ignoring radiologists' expertise. This study introduces an innovative paradigm to create an assistive co-pilot system for empowering radiologists by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) and medical image analysis tools. Specifically, we develop a collaborative framework to integrate LLMs and quantitative medical image analysis results generated by foundation models with radiologists in the loop, achieving efficient and safe generation of radiology reports and effective utilization of computational power of AI and the expertise of medical professionals. This approach empowers radiologists to generate more precise and detailed diagnostic reports, enhancing patient outcomes while reducing the burnout of clinicians. Our methodology underscores the potential of AI as a supportive tool in medical diagnostics, promoting a harmonious integration of technology and human expertise to advance the field of radiology.
Simplifying Two-Stage Detectors for On-Device Inference in Remote Sensing
Authors: Jaemin Kang, Hoeseok Yang, Hyungshin Kim
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Model Compression, Object, object-detection, Object Detection

Deep learning has been successfully applied to object detection from remotely sensed images. Images are typically processed on the ground rather than on-board due to the computation power of the ground system. Such offloaded processing causes delays in acquiring target mission information, which hinders its application to real-time use cases. For on-device object detection, researches have been conducted on designing efficient detectors or model compression to reduce inference latency. However, highly accurate two-stage detectors still need further exploitation for acceleration. In this paper, we propose a model simplification method for two-stage object detectors. Instead of constructing a general feature pyramid, we utilize only one feature extraction in the two-stage detector. To compensate for the accuracy drop, we apply a high pass filter to the RPN's score map. Our approach is applicable to any two-stage detector using a feature pyramid network. In the experiments with state-of-the-art two-stage detectors such as ReDet, Oriented-RCNN, and LSKNet, our method reduced computation costs upto 61.2% with the accuracy loss within 2.1% on the DOTAv1.5 dataset. Source code will be released.
Post-hurricane building damage assessment using street-view imagery and structured data: A multi-modal deep learning approach
Authors: Zhuoqun Xue, Xiaojian Zhang, David O. Prevatt, Jennifer Bridge, Susu Xu, Xilei Zhao
Date: 2024-04-11 00:00:00
Tasks: Building Damage Assessment, Disaster Response

Accurately assessing building damage is critical for disaster response and recovery. However, many existing models for detecting building damage have poor prediction accuracy due to their limited capabilities of identifying detailed, comprehensive structural and/or non-structural damage from the street-view image. Additionally, these models mainly rely on the imagery data for damage classification, failing to account for other critical information, such as wind speed, building characteristics, evacuation zones, and distance of the building to the hurricane track. To address these limitations, in this study, we propose a novel multi-modal (i.e., imagery and structured data) approach for post-hurricane building damage classification, named the Multi-Modal Swin Transformer (MMST). We empirically train and evaluate the proposed MMST using data collected from the 2022 Hurricane Ian in Florida, USA. Results show that MMST outperforms all selected state-of-the-art benchmark models and can achieve an accuracy of 92.67%, which are 7.71% improvement in accuracy compared to Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG-16). In addition to the street-view imagery data, building value, building age, and wind speed are the most important predictors for damage level classification. The proposed MMST can be deployed to assist in rapid damage assessment and guide reconnaissance efforts in future hurricanes.