pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Scratch Each Other's Back: Incomplete Multi-Modal Brain Tumor Segmentation via Category Aware Group Self-Support Learning
Authors: Yansheng Qiu, Delin Chen, Hongdou Yao, Yongchao Xu, Zheng Wang
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Brain Tumor Segmentation, Sensitivity, Tumor Segmentation

    Although Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is very helpful for brain tumor segmentation and discovery, it often lacks some modalities in clinical practice. As a result, degradation of prediction performance is inevitable. According to current implementations, different modalities are considered to be independent and non-interfering with each other during the training process of modal feature extraction, however they are complementary. In this paper, considering the sensitivity of different modalities to diverse tumor regions, we propose a Category Aware Group Self-Support Learning framework, called GSS, to make up for the information deficit among the modalities in the individual modal feature extraction phase. Precisely, within each prediction category, predictions of all modalities form a group, where the prediction with the most extraordinary sensitivity is selected as the group leader. Collaborative efforts between group leaders and members identify the communal learning target with high consistency and certainty. As our minor contribution, we introduce a random mask to reduce the possible biases. GSS adopts the standard training strategy without specific architectural choices and thus can be easily plugged into existing incomplete multi-modal brain tumor segmentation. Remarkably, extensive experiments on BraTS2020, BraTS2018, and BraTS2015 datasets demonstrate that GSS can improve the performance of existing SOTA algorithms by 1.27-3.20% in Dice on average. The code is released at https://github.com/qysgithubopen/GSS.
Computational 3D Imaging with Position Sensors
Authors: Jeremy Klotz, Mohit Gupta, Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Position

    Underlying many structured light systems, especially those based on laser scanning, is a simple vision task: tracking a light spot. To accomplish this, scanners use conventional CMOS sensors to capture, transmit, and process millions of pixel measurements. This approach, while capable of achieving high-fidelity 3D scans, is wasteful in terms of (often scarce) sensing and computational resources. We present a structured light system based on position sensing diodes (PSDs), an unconventional sensing modality that directly measures the centroid of the spatial distribution of incident light, thus enabling high-resolution 3D laser scanning with a minimal amount of sensor data. We develop theory and computational algorithms for PSD-based structured light under a variety of light transport effects. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed techniques using a hardware prototype on several real-world scenes, including optically-challenging objects with long-range inter-reflections and scattering.
Learning Rain Location Prior for Nighttime Deraining
Authors: Fan Zhang, ShaoDi You, Yu Li, Ying Fu
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Rain Removal

    Rain can significantly degrade image quality and visibility, making deraining a critical area of research in computer vision. Despite recent progress in learning-based deraining methods, there is a lack of focus on nighttime deraining due to the unique challenges posed by non-uniform local illuminations from artificial light sources. Rain streaks in these scenes have diverse appearances that are tightly related to their relative positions to light sources, making it difficult for existing deraining methods to effectively handle them. In this paper, we highlight the importance of rain streak location information in nighttime deraining. Specifically, we propose a Rain Location Prior (RLP) that is learned implicitly from rainy images using a recurrent residual model. This learned prior contains location information of rain streaks and, when injected into deraining models, can significantly improve their performance. To further improve the effectiveness of the learned prior, we also propose a Rain Prior Injection Module (RPIM) to modulate the prior before injection, increasing the importance of features within rain streak areas. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by about 1dB and effectively improves the performance of deraining models. We also evaluate our method on real night rainy images to show the capability to handle real scenes with fully synthetic data for training. Our method represents a significant step forward in the area of nighttime deraining and highlights the importance of location information in this challenging problem. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/zkawfanx/RLP.
Towards Realistic Evaluation of Industrial Continual Learning Scenarios with an Emphasis on Energy Consumption and Computational Footprint
Authors: Vivek Chavan, Paul Koch, Marian Schlüter, Clemens Briese
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: class-incremental learning, Class Incremental Learning, Continual Learning, Incremental Learning

    Incremental Learning (IL) aims to develop Machine Learning (ML) models that can learn from continuous streams of data and mitigate catastrophic forgetting. We analyse the current state-of-the-art Class-IL implementations and demonstrate why the current body of research tends to be one-dimensional, with an excessive focus on accuracy metrics. A realistic evaluation of Continual Learning methods should also emphasise energy consumption and overall computational load for a comprehensive understanding. This paper addresses research gaps between current IL research and industrial project environments, including varying incremental tasks and the introduction of Joint Training in tandem with IL. We introduce InVar-100 (Industrial Objects in Varied Contexts), a novel dataset meant to simulate the visual environments in industrial setups and perform various experiments for IL. Additionally, we incorporate explainability (using class activations) to interpret the model predictions. Our approach, RECIL (Real-World Scenarios and Energy Efficiency Considerations for Class Incremental Learning) provides meaningful insights about the applicability of IL approaches in practical use cases. The overarching aim is to bring the Incremental Learning and Green AI fields together and encourage the application of CIL methods in real-world scenarios. Code and dataset are available.
3D Human Mesh Recovery with Sequentially Global Rotation Estimation
Authors: Dongkai Wang, Shiliang Zhang
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Human Mesh Recovery

    Model-based 3D human mesh recovery aims to reconstruct a 3D human body mesh by estimating its parameters from monocular RGB images. Most of recent works adopt the Skinned Multi-Person Linear (SMPL) model to regress relative rotations for each body joint along the kinematics chain. This pipeline needs to transform each relative rotation matrix into a global rotation matrix to articulate the canonical mesh, and suffers from accumulated errors along the kinematics chain. This paper proposes to directly estimate the global rotation of each joint to avoid error accumulation and pursue better accuracy. The proposed Sequentially Global Rotation Estimation (SGRE) directly predicts the global rotation matrix of each joint on the kinematics chain. SGRE features a residual learning module to leverage complementary features and previously predicted rotations of parent joints to guide the estimation of subsequent child joints. Thanks to this global estimation pipeline and residual learning module, SGRE alleviates error accumulation and produces more accurate 3D human mesh. It can be flexibly integrated into existing regression-based methods and achieves superior performance on various benchmarks. For example, it improves the latest method 3DCrowdNet by 3.3 mm MPJPE and 5.0 mm PVE on 3DPW dataset and 3.2 AP on COCO dataset, respectively.
Rethinking Pose Estimation in Crowds: Overcoming the Detection Information Bottleneck and Ambiguity
Authors: Mu Zhou, Lucas Stoffl, Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis, Alexander Mathis
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Pose Estimation

    Frequent interactions between individuals are a fundamental challenge for pose estimation algorithms. Current pipelines either use an object detector together with a pose estimator (top-down approach), or localize all body parts first and then link them to predict the pose of individuals (bottom-up). Yet, when individuals closely interact, top-down methods are ill-defined due to overlapping individuals, and bottom-up methods often falsely infer connections to distant bodyparts. Thus, we propose a novel pipeline called bottom-up conditioned top-down pose estimation (BUCTD) that combines the strengths of bottom-up and top-down methods. Specifically, we propose to use a bottom-up model as the detector, which in addition to an estimated bounding box provides a pose proposal that is fed as condition to an attention-based top-down model. We demonstrate the performance and efficiency of our approach on animal and human pose estimation benchmarks. On CrowdPose and OCHuman, we outperform previous state-of-the-art models by a significant margin. We achieve 78.5 AP on CrowdPose and 48.5 AP on OCHuman, an improvement of 8.6% and 7.8% over the prior art, respectively. Furthermore, we show that our method strongly improves the performance on multi-animal benchmarks involving fish and monkeys. The code is available at https://github.com/amathislab/BUCTD.
Alignment Before Aggregation: Trajectory Memory Retrieval Network for Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Rui Sun, YuAn Wang, Huayu Mai, Tianzhu Zhang, Feng Wu
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Retrieval, Semantic Segmentation, Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation, Video Object Segmentation, Video Semantic Segmentation

    Memory-based methods in semi-supervised video object segmentation task achieve competitive performance by performing dense matching between query and memory frames. However, most of the existing methods neglect the fact that videos carry rich temporal information yet redundant spatial information. In this case, direct pixel-level global matching will lead to ambiguous correspondences. In this work, we reconcile the inherent tension of spatial and temporal information to retrieve memory frame information along the object trajectory, and propose a novel and coherent Trajectory Memory Retrieval Network (TMRN) to equip with the trajectory information, including a spatial alignment module and a temporal aggregation module. The proposed TMRN enjoys several merits. First, TMRN  is empowered to characterize the temporal correspondence which is in line with the nature of video in a data-driven manner. Second, we elegantly customize the spatial alignment module by coupling SVD initialization with agent-level correlation for representative agent construction and rectifying false matches caused by direct pairwise pixel-level correlation, respectively. Extensive experimental results on challenging benchmarks including DAVIS 2017 validation / test and Youtube-VOS 2018 / 2019 demonstrate that our TMRN, as a general plugin module, achieves consistent improvements over several leading methods.
Be Everywhere - Hear Everything (BEE): Audio Scene Reconstruction by Sparse Audio-Visual Samples
Authors: Mingfei Chen, Kun Su, Eli Shlizerman
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1

    Fully immersive and interactive audio-visual scenes are dynamic such that the listeners and the sound emitters move and interact with each other. Reconstruction of an immersive sound experience, as it happens in the scene, requires detailed reconstruction of the audio perceived by the listener at an arbitrary location. The audio at the listener location is a complex outcome of sound propagation through the scene geometry and interacting with surfaces and also the locations of the emitters and the sounds they emit. Due to these aspects, detailed audio reconstruction requires extensive sampling of audio at any potential listener location. This is usually difficult to implement in realistic real-time dynamic scenes. In this work, we propose to circumvent the need for extensive sensors by leveraging audio and visual samples from only a handful of A/V receivers placed in the scene. In particular, we introduce a novel method and end-to-end integrated rendering pipeline which allows the listener to be everywhere and hear everything (BEE) in a dynamic scene in real-time. BEE reconstructs the audio with two main modules, Joint Audio-Visual Representation, and Integrated Rendering Head. The first module extracts the informative audio-visual features of the scene from sparse A/V reference samples, while the second module integrates the audio samples with learned time-frequency transformations to obtain the target sound. Our experiments indicate that BEE outperforms existing methods by a large margin in terms of quality of sound reconstruction, can generalize to scenes not seen in training and runs in real-time speed.
Guiding Local Feature Matching with Surface Curvature
Authors: Shuzhe Wang, Juho Kannala, Marc Pollefeys, Daniel Barath
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Depth Estimation, Depth Prediction

    We propose a new method, named curvature similarity extractor (CSE), for improving local feature matching across images. CSE calculates the curvature of the local 3D surface patch for each detected feature point in a viewpoint-invariant manner via fitting quadrics to predicted monocular depth maps. This curvature is then leveraged as an additional signal in feature matching with off-the-shelf matchers like SuperGlue and LoFTR. Additionally, CSE enables end-to-end joint training by connecting the matcher and depth predictor networks. Our experiments demonstrate on large-scale real-world datasets that CSE continuously improves the accuracy of state-of-the-art methods. Fine-tuning the depth prediction network further enhances the accuracy. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the ScanNet dataset, showcasing the effectiveness of incorporating 3D geometric information into feature matching.
Exploring Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation from CLIP Vision Encoder Distillation Only
Authors: Jun Chen, Deyao Zhu, Guocheng Qian, Bernard Ghanem, Zhicheng Yan, Chenchen Zhu, Fanyi Xiao, Sean Chang Culatana, Mohamed Elhoseiny
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Open Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Zero Shot Segmentation, Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation

    Semantic segmentation is a crucial task in computer vision that involves segmenting images into semantically meaningful regions at the pixel level. However, existing approaches often rely on expensive human annotations as supervision for model training, limiting their scalability to large, unlabeled datasets. To address this challenge, we present ZeroSeg, a novel method that leverages the existing pretrained vision-language (VL) model (e.g. CLIP vision encoder) to train open-vocabulary zero-shot semantic segmentation models. Although acquired extensive knowledge of visual concepts, it is non-trivial to exploit knowledge from these VL models to the task of semantic segmentation, as they are usually trained at an image level. ZeroSeg overcomes this by distilling the visual concepts learned by VL models into a set of segment tokens, each summarizing a localized region of the target image. We evaluate ZeroSeg on multiple popular segmentation benchmarks, including PASCAL VOC 2012, PASCAL Context, and COCO, in a zero-shot manner Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance when compared to other zero-shot segmentation methods under the same training data, while also performing competitively compared to strongly supervised methods. Finally, we also demonstrated the effectiveness of ZeroSeg on open-vocabulary segmentation, through both human studies and qualitative visualizations. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/ZeroSeg
Toward Multi-Granularity Decision-Making: Explicit Visual Reasoning with Hierarchical Knowledge
Authors: Yifeng Zhang, Shi Chen, Qi Zhao
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Decision Making, Question Answering, Visual Question Answering, Visual Question Answering (VQA), Visual Reasoning

    Answering visual questions requires the ability to parse visual observations and correlate them with a variety of knowledge. Existing visual question answering (VQA) models either pay little attention to the role of knowledge or do not take into account the granularity of knowledge, e.g., attaching the color of "grassland" to "ground"). They have yet to develop the capability of modeling knowledge of multiple granularity, and are also vulnerable to spurious data biases. To fill the gap, this paper makes progresses from two distinct perspectives: (1) It presents a Hierarchical Concept Graph (HCG) that discriminates and associates multi-granularity concepts with a multi-layered hierarchical structure, aligning visual observations with knowledge across different levels to alleviate data biases. (2) To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of how knowledge contributes throughout the decision-making process, we further propose an interpretable Hierarchical Concept Neural Module Network (HCNMN) It explicitly propagates multi-granularity knowledge across the hierarchical structure and incorporates them with a sequence of reasoning steps, providing a transparent interface to elaborate on the integration of observations and knowledge. Through extensive experiments on multiple challenging datasets (i.e., GQA,VQA,FVQA,OK-VQA) , we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in answering questions in different scenarios. Our code is available at https://github.com/SuperJohnZhang/HCNMN.
Test-time Personalizable Forecasting of 3D Human Poses
Authors: Qiongjie Cui, Huaijiang Sun, Jianfeng Lu, Weiqing Li, Bin Li, Hongwei Yi, Haofan Wang
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Motion Forecasting

    Current motion forecasting approaches typically train a deep end-to-end model from the source domain data, and then apply it directly to target subjects. Despite promising results, they remain non-optimal, due to privacy considerations, the test person and his/her natural properties (e.g., stature, behavioral trait) are typically unseen/absent in training. In this case, the source pre-trained model has a low ability to adapt to these out-of-source characteristics, resulting in an unreliable prediction. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel helper-predictor test-time personalization approach (H/P-TTP), which allows for a generalizable representation of out-of-source subjects to gain more realistic predictions. Concretely, the helper is preceded by explicit and implicit augmenters, where the former yields noisy sequences to improve robustness, while the latter is to generate novel-domain data with an adversarial learning paradigm. Then, the domain-generalizable learning is achieved where the helper can extract cross-subject invariant-knowledge to update the predictor. At test time, given a new person, the predictor is able to be further optimized to empower personalized capabilities to the specific properties. Under several benchmarks, extensive experiments show that with H/P-TTP, the existing predictive models are significantly improved for various unseen subjects.
NeRF-MS: Neural Radiance Fields with Multi-Sequence
Authors: Peihao Li, Shaohui Wang, Chen Yang, Bingbing Liu, Weichao Qiu, Haoqian Wang
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: NeRF, Novel View Synthesis, Triplet

    Neural radiance fields (NeRF) achieve impressive performance in novel view synthesis when trained on only single sequence data. However, leveraging multiple sequences captured by different cameras at different times is essential for better reconstruction performance. Multi-sequence data takes two main challenges: appearance variation due to different lighting conditions and non-static objects like pedestrians. To address these issues, we propose NeRF-MS, a novel approach to training NeRF with multi-sequence data. Specifically, we utilize a triplet loss to regularize the distribution of per-image appearance code, which leads to better high-frequency texture and consistent appearance, such as specular reflections. Then, we explicitly model non-static objects to reduce floaters. Extensive results demonstrate that NeRF-MS not only outperforms state-of-the-art view synthesis methods on outdoor and synthetic scenes, but also achieves 3D consistent rendering and robust appearance controlling. Project page: https://nerf-ms.github.io/.
AutoAD II: The Sequel - Who, When, and What in Movie Audio Description
Authors: Tengda Han, Max Bain, Arsha Nagrani, Gul Varol, Weidi Xie, Andrew Zisserman
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Language Modelling, Text Generation

    Audio Description (AD) is the task of generating descriptions of visual content, at suitable time intervals, for the benefit of visually impaired audiences. For movies, this presents notable challenges -- AD must occur only during existing pauses in dialogue, should refer to characters by name, and ought to aid understanding of the storyline as a whole. To this end, we develop a new model for automatically generating movie AD, given CLIP visual features of the frames, the cast list, and the temporal locations of the speech; addressing all three of the `who', `when', and `what' questions: (i) who -- we introduce a character bank consisting of the character's name, the actor that played the part, and a CLIP feature of their face, for the principal cast of each movie, and demonstrate how this can be used to improve naming in the generated AD; (ii) when -- we investigate several models for determining whether an AD should be generated for a time interval or not, based on the visual content of the interval and its neighbours; and (iii) what -- we implement a new vision-language model for this task, that can ingest the proposals from the character bank, whilst conditioning on the visual features using cross-attention, and demonstrate how this improves over previous architectures for AD text generation in an apples-to-apples comparison.
Segment Every Reference Object in Spatial and Temporal Spaces
Authors: Jiannan Wu, Yi Jiang, Bin Yan, Huchuan Lu, Zehuan Yuan, Ping Luo
Date: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Object, Referring Expression Segmentation, Referring Video Object Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Video Object Segmentation, Video Semantic Segmentation

    The reference-based object segmentation tasks, namely referring image segmentation (RIS), referring video object segmentation (RVOS), and video object segmentation (VOS), aim to segment a specific object by utilizing either language or annotated masks as references. Despite significant progress in each respective field, current methods are task-specifically designed and developed in different directions, which hinders the activation of multi-task capabilities for these tasks. In this work, we end the current fragmented situation and propose UniRef to unify the three reference-based object segmentation tasks with a single architecture. At the heart of our approach is the multiway-fusion for handling different task with respect to their specified references. And a unified Transformer architecture is then adopted for performing instance-level segmentation. With the unified designs, UniRef can be jointly trained on a broad range of benchmarks and can flexibly perform multiple tasks at runtime by specifying the corresponding references. We evaluate the jointly trained network on various benchmarks. Extensive experimental results indicate that our proposed UniRef achieves state-of-the-art performance on RIS and RVOS, and performs competitively on VOS with a single network.