pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A Unified View of Masked Image Modeling
Authors: Zhiliang Peng, Li Dong, Hangbo Bao, Qixiang Ye, Furu Wei
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: image-classification, Image Classification, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Masked image modeling has demonstrated great potential to eliminate the label-hungry problem of training large-scale vision Transformers, achieving impressive performance on various downstream tasks. In this work, we propose a unified view of masked image modeling after revisiting existing methods. Under the unified view, we introduce a simple yet effective method, termed as MaskDistill, which reconstructs normalized semantic features from teacher models at the masked positions, conditioning on corrupted input images. Experimental results on image classification and semantic segmentation show that MaskDistill achieves comparable or superior performance than state-of-the-art methods. When using the huge vision Transformer and pretraining 300 epochs, MaskDistill obtains 88.3% fine-tuning top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1k (224 size) and 58.8% semantic segmentation mIoU metric on ADE20k (512 size). The code and pretrained models will be available at https://aka.ms/unimim.
Provably Convergent Plug & Play Linearized ADMM, applied to Deblurring Spatially Varying Kernels
Authors: Charles Laroche, Andrés Almansa, Eva Coupeté, Matias Tassano
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Deblurring, Super-Resolution

Plug & Play methods combine proximal algorithms with denoiser priors to solve inverse problems. These methods rely on the computability of the proximal operator of the data fidelity term. In this paper, we propose a Plug & Play framework based on linearized ADMM that allows us to bypass the computation of intractable proximal operators. We demonstrate the convergence of the algorithm and provide results on restoration tasks such as super-resolution and deblurring with non-uniform blur.
Improved lung segmentation based on U-Net architecture and morphological operations
Authors: S Ali John Naqvi, Abdullah Tauqeer, Rohaib Bhatti, S Bazil Ali
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Segmentation

An essential stage in computer aided diagnosis of chest X rays is automated lung segmentation. Due to rib cages and the unique modalities of each persons lungs, it is essential to construct an effective automated lung segmentation model. This paper presents a reliable model for the segmentation of lungs in chest radiographs. Our model overcomes the challenges by learning to ignore unimportant areas in the source Chest Radiograph and emphasize important features for lung segmentation. We evaluate our model on public datasets, Montgomery and Shenzhen. The proposed model has a DICE coefficient of 98.1 percent which demonstrates the reliability of our model.
PoseGPT: Quantization-based 3D Human Motion Generation and Forecasting
Authors: Thomas Lucas, Fabien Baradel, Philippe Weinzaepfel, Grégory Rogez
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Human-Object Interaction Detection, Motion Generation, Quantization

We address the problem of action-conditioned generation of human motion sequences. Existing work falls into two categories: forecast models conditioned on observed past motions, or generative models conditioned on action labels and duration only. In contrast, we generate motion conditioned on observations of arbitrary length, including none. To solve this generalized problem, we propose PoseGPT, an auto-regressive transformer-based approach which internally compresses human motion into quantized latent sequences. An auto-encoder first maps human motion to latent index sequences in a discrete space, and vice-versa. Inspired by the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT), we propose to train a GPT-like model for next-index prediction in that space; this allows PoseGPT to output distributions on possible futures, with or without conditioning on past motion. The discrete and compressed nature of the latent space allows the GPT-like model to focus on long-range signal, as it removes low-level redundancy in the input signal. Predicting discrete indices also alleviates the common pitfall of predicting averaged poses, a typical failure case when regressing continuous values, as the average of discrete targets is not a target itself. Our experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on HumanAct12, a standard but small scale dataset, as well as on BABEL, a recent large scale MoCap dataset, and on GRAB, a human-object interactions dataset.
Deep-based quality assessment of medical images through domain adaptation
Authors: Marouane Tliba, Aymen Sekhri, Mohamed Amine Kerkouri, Aladine Chetouani
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Domain Adaptation

Predicting the quality of multimedia content is often needed in different fields. In some applications, quality metrics are crucial with a high impact, and can affect decision making such as diagnosis from medical multimedia. In this paper, we focus on such applications by proposing an efficient and shallow model for predicting the quality of medical images without reference from a small amount of annotated data. Our model is based on convolution self-attention that aims to model complex representation from relevant local characteristics of images, which itself slide over the image to interpolate the global quality score. We also apply domain adaptation learning in unsupervised and semi-supervised manner. The proposed model is evaluated through a dataset composed of several images and their corresponding subjective scores. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed method, but also, the relevance of the applying domain adaptation to generalize over different multimedia domains regarding the downstream task of perceptual quality prediction. \footnote{Funded by the TIC-ART project, Regional fund (Region Centre-Val de Loire)}
ADPS: Asymmetric Distillation Post-Segmentation for Image Anomaly Detection
Authors: Peng Xing, Hao Tang, Jinhui Tang, Zechao Li
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Anomaly Detection, Anomaly Localization, Knowledge Distillation

Knowledge Distillation-based Anomaly Detection (KDAD) methods rely on the teacher-student paradigm to detect and segment anomalous regions by contrasting the unique features extracted by both networks. However, existing KDAD methods suffer from two main limitations: 1) the student network can effortlessly replicate the teacher network's representations, and 2) the features of the teacher network serve solely as a ``reference standard" and are not fully leveraged. Toward this end, we depart from the established paradigm and instead propose an innovative approach called Asymmetric Distillation Post-Segmentation (ADPS). Our ADPS employs an asymmetric distillation paradigm that takes distinct forms of the same image as the input of the teacher-student networks, driving the student network to learn discriminating representations for anomalous regions. Meanwhile, a customized Weight Mask Block (WMB) is proposed to generate a coarse anomaly localization mask that transfers the distilled knowledge acquired from the asymmetric paradigm to the teacher network. Equipped with WMB, the proposed Post-Segmentation Module (PSM) is able to effectively detect and segment abnormal regions with fine structures and clear boundaries. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ADPS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in detecting and segmenting anomalies. Surprisingly, ADPS significantly improves Average Precision (AP) metric by 9% and 20% on the MVTec AD and KolektorSDD2 datasets, respectively.
Visual SLAM: What are the Current Trends and What to Expect?
Authors: Ali Tourani, Hriday Bavle, Jose Luis Sanchez-Lopez, Holger Voos
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Pose Estimation, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, Survey

Vision-based sensors have shown significant performance, accuracy, and efficiency gain in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems in recent years. In this regard, Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) methods refer to the SLAM approaches that employ cameras for pose estimation and map generation. We can see many research works that demonstrated VSLAMs can outperform traditional methods, which rely only on a particular sensor, such as a Lidar, even with lower costs. VSLAM approaches utilize different camera types (e.g., monocular, stereo, and RGB-D), have been tested on various datasets (e.g., KITTI, TUM RGB-D, and EuRoC) and in dissimilar environments (e.g., indoors and outdoors), and employ multiple algorithms and methodologies to have a better understanding of the environment. The mentioned variations have made this topic popular for researchers and resulted in a wide range of VSLAMs methodologies. In this regard, the primary intent of this survey is to present the recent advances in VSLAM systems, along with discussing the existing challenges and trends. We have given an in-depth literature survey of forty-five impactful papers published in the domain of VSLAMs. We have classified these manuscripts by different characteristics, including the novelty domain, objectives, employed algorithms, and semantic level. We also discuss the current trends and future directions that may help researchers investigate them.
Cross-Modal Fusion Distillation for Fine-Grained Sketch-Based Image Retrieval
Authors: Abhra Chaudhuri, Massimiliano Mancini, Yanbei Chen, Zeynep Akata, Anjan Dutta
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Cross-Modal Retrieval, Image Retrieval, Knowledge Distillation, Representation Learning, Retrieval, Sketch-Based Image Retrieval

Representation learning for sketch-based image retrieval has mostly been tackled by learning embeddings that discard modality-specific information. As instances from different modalities can often provide complementary information describing the underlying concept, we propose a cross-attention framework for Vision Transformers (XModalViT) that fuses modality-specific information instead of discarding them. Our framework first maps paired datapoints from the individual photo and sketch modalities to fused representations that unify information from both modalities. We then decouple the input space of the aforementioned modality fusion network into independent encoders of the individual modalities via contrastive and relational cross-modal knowledge distillation. Such encoders can then be applied to downstream tasks like cross-modal retrieval. We demonstrate the expressive capacity of the learned representations by performing a wide range of experiments and achieving state-of-the-art results on three fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval benchmarks: Shoe-V2, Chair-V2 and Sketchy. Implementation is available at https://github.com/abhrac/xmodal-vit.
Video super-resolution for single-photon LIDAR
Authors: Germán Mora Martín, Stirling Scholes, Alice Ruget, Robert K. Henderson, Jonathan Leach, Istvan Gyongy
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, GPU, Self-Driving Cars, Super-Resolution, Video Super-Resolution

3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors are used widely in applications such as self-driving cars, Augmented Reality (AR) and robotics. When implemented with Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), compact, array format sensors can be made that offer accurate depth maps over long distances, without the need for mechanical scanning. However, array sizes tend to be small, leading to low lateral resolution, which combined with low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) levels under high ambient illumination, may lead to difficulties in scene interpretation. In this paper, we use synthetic depth sequences to train a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for denoising and upscaling (x4) depth data. Experimental results, based on synthetic as well as real ToF data, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. With GPU acceleration, frames are processed at >30 frames per second, making the approach suitable for low-latency imaging, as required for obstacle avoidance.
FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swapping
Authors: Felix Rosberg, Eren Erdal Aksoy, Fernando Alonso-Fernandez, Cristofer Englund
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, Decoder, Face Swapping, Vocal Bursts Intensity Prediction

In this work, we present a new single-stage method for subject agnostic face swapping and identity transfer, named FaceDancer. We have two major contributions: Adaptive Feature Fusion Attention (AFFA) and Interpreted Feature Similarity Regularization (IFSR). The AFFA module is embedded in the decoder and adaptively learns to fuse attribute features and features conditioned on identity information without requiring any additional facial segmentation process. In IFSR, we leverage the intermediate features in an identity encoder to preserve important attributes such as head pose, facial expression, lighting, and occlusion in the target face, while still transferring the identity of the source face with high fidelity. We conduct extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on various datasets and show that the proposed FaceDancer outperforms other state-of-the-art networks in terms of identityn transfer, while having significantly better pose preservation than most of the previous methods.
A scan-specific unsupervised method for parallel MRI reconstruction via implicit neural representation
Authors: Ruimin Feng, Qing Wu, Yuyao Zhang, Hongjiang Wei
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: MRI Reconstruction, Specificity

Parallel imaging is a widely-used technique to accelerate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, current methods still perform poorly in reconstructing artifact-free MRI images from highly undersampled k-space data. Recently, implicit neural representation (INR) has emerged as a new deep learning paradigm for learning the internal continuity of an object. In this study, we adopted INR to parallel MRI reconstruction. The MRI image was modeled as a continuous function of spatial coordinates. This function was parameterized by a neural network and learned directly from the measured k-space itself without additional fully sampled high-quality training data. Benefitting from the powerful continuous representations provided by INR, the proposed method outperforms existing methods by suppressing the aliasing artifacts and noise, especially at higher acceleration rates and smaller sizes of the auto-calibration signals. The high-quality results and scanning specificity make the proposed method hold the potential for further accelerating the data acquisition of parallel MRI.
MC-hands-1M: A glove-wearing hand dataset for pose estimation
Authors: Prodromos Boutis, Zisis Batzos, Konstantinos Konstantoudakis, Anastasios Dimou, Petros Daras
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Pose Estimation, Pose Estimation

Nowadays, the need for large amounts of carefully and complexly annotated data for the training of computer vision modules continues to grow. Furthermore, although the research community presents state of the art solutions to many problems, there exist special cases, such as the pose estimation and tracking of a glove-wearing hand, where the general approaches tend to be unable to provide an accurate solution or fail completely. In this work, we are presenting a synthetic dataset1 for 3D pose estimation of glove-wearing hands, in order to depict the value of data synthesis in computer vision. The dataset is used to fine-tune a public hand joint detection model, achieving significant performance in both synthetic and real images of glove-wearing hands.
Pseudo-Label Noise Suppression Techniques for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Sebastian Scherer, Robin Schön, Rainer Lienhart
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Pose Estimation, Pseudo Label, Pseudo Label Filtering, Semantic Segmentation, Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can reduce the need for large labelled datasets by incorporating unlabelled data into the training. This is particularly interesting for semantic segmentation, where labelling data is very costly and time-consuming. Current SSL approaches use an initially supervised trained model to generate predictions for unlabelled images, called pseudo-labels, which are subsequently used for training a new model from scratch. Since the predictions usually do not come from an error-free neural network, they are naturally full of errors. However, training with partially incorrect labels often reduce the final model performance. Thus, it is crucial to manage errors/noise of pseudo-labels wisely. In this work, we use three mechanisms to control pseudo-label noise and errors: (1) We construct a solid base framework by mixing images with cow-patterns on unlabelled images to reduce the negative impact of wrong pseudo-labels. Nevertheless, wrong pseudo-labels still have a negative impact on the performance. Therefore, (2) we propose a simple and effective loss weighting scheme for pseudo-labels defined by the feedback of the model trained on these pseudo-labels. This allows us to soft-weight the pseudo-label training examples based on their determined confidence score during training. (3) We also study the common practice to ignore pseudo-labels with low confidence and empirically analyse the influence and effect of pseudo-labels with different confidence ranges on SSL and the contribution of pseudo-label filtering to the achievable performance gains. We show that our method performs superior to state of-the-art alternatives on various datasets. Furthermore, we show that our findings also transfer to other tasks such as human pose estimation. Our code is available at https://github.com/ChristmasFan/SSL_Denoising_Segmentation.
Multi-view Gait Recognition based on Siamese Vision Transformer
Authors: Yanchen Yang, Lijun Yun, Ruoyu Li, Feiyan Cheng
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Gait Recognition

While the Vision Transformer has been used in gait recognition, its application in multi-view gait recognition is still limited. Different views significantly affect the extraction and identification accuracy of the characteristics of gait contour. To address this, this paper proposes a Siamese Mobile Vision Transformer (SMViT). This model not only focuses on the local characteristics of the human gait space but also considers the characteristics of long-distance attention associations, which can extract multi-dimensional step status characteristics. In addition, it describes how different perspectives affect gait characteristics and generate reliable perspective feature relationship factors. The average recognition rate of SMViT on the CASIA B data set reached 96.4%. The experimental results show that SMViT can attain state-of-the-art performance compared to advanced step recognition models such as GaitGAN, Multi_view GAN, Posegait and other gait recognition models.
p$^3$VAE: a physics-integrated generative model. Application to the pixel-wise classification of airborne hyperspectral images
Authors: Romain Thoreau, Laurent Risser, Véronique Achard, Béatrice Berthelot, Xavier Briottet
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Disentanglement, Semantic Segmentation

The combination of machine learning models with physical models is a recent research path to learn robust data representations. In this paper, we introduce p$^3$VAE, a generative model that integrates a physical model which deterministically models some of the true underlying factors of variation in the data. To fully leverage our hybrid design, we enhance an existing semi-supervised optimization technique and introduce a new inference scheme that comes along meaningful uncertainty estimates. We apply p$^3$VAE to the pixel-wise classification of airborne hyperspectral images. Our experiments on simulated and real data demonstrate the benefits of our hybrid model against conventional machine learning models in terms of extrapolation capabilities and interpretability. In particular, we show that p$^3$VAE naturally has high disentanglement capabilities. Our code and data have been made publicly available at https://github.com/Romain3Ch216/p3VAE.
High-Resolution Depth Estimation for 360-degree Panoramas through Perspective and Panoramic Depth Images Registration
Authors: Chi-Han Peng, Jiayao Zhang
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation, GPU

We propose a novel approach to compute high-resolution (2048x1024 and higher) depths for panoramas that is significantly faster and qualitatively and qualitatively more accurate than the current state-of-the-art method (360MonoDepth). As traditional neural network-based methods have limitations in the output image sizes (up to 1024x512) due to GPU memory constraints, both 360MonoDepth and our method rely on stitching multiple perspective disparity or depth images to come out a unified panoramic depth map. However, to achieve globally consistent stitching, 360MonoDepth relied on solving extensive disparity map alignment and Poisson-based blending problems, leading to high computation time. Instead, we propose to use an existing panoramic depth map (computed in real-time by any panorama-based method) as the common target for the individual perspective depth maps to register to. This key idea made producing globally consistent stitching results from a straightforward task. Our experiments show that our method generates qualitatively better results than existing panorama-based methods, and further outperforms them quantitatively on datasets unseen by these methods.
Real Image Super-Resolution using GAN through modeling of LR and HR process
Authors: Rao Muhammad Umer, Christian Micheloni
Date: 2022-10-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Super-Resolution, Super-Resolution

The current existing deep image super-resolution methods usually assume that a Low Resolution (LR) image is bicubicly downscaled of a High Resolution (HR) image. However, such an ideal bicubic downsampling process is different from the real LR degradations, which usually come from complicated combinations of different degradation processes, such as camera blur, sensor noise, sharpening artifacts, JPEG compression, and further image editing, and several times image transmission over the internet and unpredictable noises. It leads to the highly ill-posed nature of the inverse upscaling problem. To address these issues, we propose a GAN-based SR approach with learnable adaptive sinusoidal nonlinearities incorporated in LR and SR models by directly learn degradation distributions and then synthesize paired LR/HR training data to train the generalized SR model to real image degradations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in quantitative and qualitative experiments.