pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Data Efficient Training of a U-Net Based Architecture for Structured Documents Localization
Authors: Anastasiia Kabeshova, Guillaume Betmont, Julien Lerouge, Evgeny Stepankevich, Alexis Bergès
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Deep Learning, Key Information Extraction

Structured documents analysis and recognition are essential for modern online on-boarding processes, and document localization is a crucial step to achieve reliable key information extraction. While deep-learning has become the standard technique used to solve document analysis problems, real-world applications in industry still face the limited availability of labelled data and of computational resources when training or fine-tuning deep-learning models. To tackle these challenges, we propose SDL-Net: a novel U-Net like encoder-decoder architecture for the localization of structured documents. Our approach allows pre-training the encoder of SDL-Net on a generic dataset containing samples of various document classes, and enables fast and data-efficient fine-tuning of decoders to support the localization of new document classes. We conduct extensive experiments on a proprietary dataset of structured document images to demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization capabilities of the proposed approach.
Semi-Blind Image Deblurring Based on Framelet Prior
Authors: M. Zarebnia, R. Parvaz
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Blind Image Deblurring, Deblurring, Image Deblurring

The problem of image blurring is one of the most studied topics in the field of image processing. Image blurring is caused by various factors such as hand or camera shake. To restore the blurred image, it is necessary to know information about the point spread function (PSF). And because in the most cases it is not possible to accurately calculate the PSF, we are dealing with an approximate kernel. In this paper, the semi-blind image deblurring problem are studied. Due to the fact that the model of the deblurring problems is an ill-conditioned problem, it is not possible to solve this problem directly. One of the most efficient ways to solve this problem is to use the total variation (TV) method. In the proposed algorithm, by using the framelet transform and fractional calculations, the TV method is improved. The proposed method is used on different types of images and is compared with existing methods with different types of tests.
Towards Robust 3D Object Detection In Rainy Conditions
Authors: Aldi Piroli, Vinzenz Dallabetta, Johannes Kopp, Marc Walessa, Daniel Meissner, Klaus Dietmayer
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Autonomous Driving, Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Robust 3D Object Detection

LiDAR sensors are used in autonomous driving applications to accurately perceive the environment. However, they are affected by adverse weather conditions such as snow, fog, and rain. These everyday phenomena introduce unwanted noise into the measurements, severely degrading the performance of LiDAR-based perception systems. In this work, we propose a framework for improving the robustness of LiDAR-based 3D object detectors against road spray. Our approach uses a state-of-the-art adverse weather detection network to filter out spray from the LiDAR point cloud, which is then used as input for the object detector. In this way, the detected objects are less affected by the adverse weather in the scene, resulting in a more accurate perception of the environment. In addition to adverse weather filtering, we explore the use of radar targets to further filter false positive detections. Tests on real-world data show that our approach improves the robustness to road spray of several popular 3D object detectors.
LS-VOS: Identifying Outliers in 3D Object Detections Using Latent Space Virtual Outlier Synthesis
Authors: Aldi Piroli, Vinzenz Dallabetta, Johannes Kopp, Marc Walessa, Daniel Meissner, Klaus Dietmayer
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Autonomous Driving, Autonomous Vehicles, Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Outlier Detection

LiDAR-based 3D object detectors have achieved unprecedented speed and accuracy in autonomous driving applications. However, similar to other neural networks, they are often biased toward high-confidence predictions or return detections where no real object is present. These types of detections can lead to a less reliable environment perception, severely affecting the functionality and safety of autonomous vehicles. We address this problem by proposing LS-VOS, a framework for identifying outliers in 3D object detections. Our approach builds on the idea of Virtual Outlier Synthesis (VOS), which incorporates outlier knowledge during training, enabling the model to learn more compact decision boundaries. In particular, we propose a new synthesis approach that relies on the latent space of an auto-encoder network to generate outlier features with a parametrizable degree of similarity to in-distribution features. In extensive experiments, we show that our approach improves the outlier detection capabilities of a state-of-the-art object detector while maintaining high 3D object detection performance.
Multi-task Learning with 3D-Aware Regularization
Authors: Wei-Hong Li, Steven McDonagh, Ales Leonardis, Hakan Bilen
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation, Multi-Task Learning, Semantic Segmentation

Deep neural networks have become a standard building block for designing models that can perform multiple dense computer vision tasks such as depth estimation and semantic segmentation thanks to their ability to capture complex correlations in high dimensional feature space across tasks. However, the cross-task correlations that are learned in the unstructured feature space can be extremely noisy and susceptible to overfitting, consequently hurting performance. We propose to address this problem by introducing a structured 3D-aware regularizer which interfaces multiple tasks through the projection of features extracted from an image encoder to a shared 3D feature space and decodes them into their task output space through differentiable rendering. We show that the proposed method is architecture agnostic and can be plugged into various prior multi-task backbones to improve their performance; as we evidence using standard benchmarks NYUv2 and PASCAL-Context.
Controlling Vision-Language Models for Multi-Task Image Restoration
Authors: Ziwei Luo, Fredrik K. Gustafsson, Zheng Zhao, Jens Sjölund, Thomas B. Schön
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Dehazing, Image Denoising, Image Inpainting, Image Reconstruction, Image Restoration, JPEG Artifact Removal, Language Modelling, Low-Light Image Enhancement, Rain Removal, Shadow Removal, Single Image Deraining, Unified Image Restoration

Vision-language models such as CLIP have shown great impact on diverse downstream tasks for zero-shot or label-free predictions. However, when it comes to low-level vision such as image restoration their performance deteriorates dramatically due to corrupted inputs. In this paper, we present a degradation-aware vision-language model (DA-CLIP) to better transfer pretrained vision-language models to low-level vision tasks as a multi-task framework for image restoration. More specifically, DA-CLIP trains an additional controller that adapts the fixed CLIP image encoder to predict high-quality feature embeddings. By integrating the embedding into an image restoration network via cross-attention, we are able to pilot the model to learn a high-fidelity image reconstruction. The controller itself will also output a degradation feature that matches the real corruptions of the input, yielding a natural classifier for different degradation types. In addition, we construct a mixed degradation dataset with synthetic captions for DA-CLIP training. Our approach advances state-of-the-art performance on both \emph{degradation-specific} and \emph{unified} image restoration tasks, showing a promising direction of prompting image restoration with large-scale pretrained vision-language models. Our code is available at https://github.com/Algolzw/daclip-uir.
A New Real-World Video Dataset for the Comparison of Defogging Algorithms
Authors: Alexandra Duminil, Jean-Philippe Tarel, Roland Brémond
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Deblurring, Super-Resolution, Video Restoration

Video restoration for noise removal, deblurring or super-resolution is attracting more and more attention in the fields of image processing and computer vision. Works on video restoration with data-driven approaches for fog removal are rare however, due to the lack of datasets containing videos in both clear and foggy conditions which are required for deep learning and benchmarking. A new dataset, called REVIDE, was recently proposed for just that purpose. In this paper, we implement the same approach by proposing a new REal-world VIdeo dataset for the comparison of Defogging Algorithms (VIREDA), with various fog densities and ground truths without fog. This small database can serve as a test base for defogging algorithms. A video defogging algorithm is also mentioned (still under development), with the key idea of using temporal redundancy to minimize artefacts and exposure variations between frames. Inspired by the success of Transformers architecture in deep learning for various applications, we select this kind of architecture in a neural network to show the relevance of the proposed dataset.
Incorporating Supervised Domain Generalization into Data Augmentation
Authors: Shohei Enomoto, Monikka Roslianna Busto, Takeharu Eda
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Data Augmentation, Domain Generalization

With the increasing utilization of deep learning in outdoor settings, its robustness needs to be enhanced to preserve accuracy in the face of distribution shifts, such as compression artifacts. Data augmentation is a widely used technique to improve robustness, thanks to its ease of use and numerous benefits. However, it requires more training epochs, making it difficult to train large models with limited computational resources. To address this problem, we treat data augmentation as supervised domain generalization~(SDG) and benefit from the SDG method, contrastive semantic alignment~(CSA) loss, to improve the robustness and training efficiency of data augmentation. The proposed method only adds loss during model training and can be used as a plug-in for existing data augmentation methods. Experiments on the CIFAR-100 and CUB datasets show that the proposed method improves the robustness and training efficiency of typical data augmentations.
Learnable Cross-modal Knowledge Distillation for Multi-modal Learning with Missing Modality
Authors: Hu Wang, Yuanhong Chen, Congbo Ma, Jodie Avery, Louise Hull, Gustavo Carneiro
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Knowledge Distillation

The problem of missing modalities is both critical and non-trivial to be handled in multi-modal models. It is common for multi-modal tasks that certain modalities contribute more compared to other modalities, and if those important modalities are missing, the model performance drops significantly. Such fact remains unexplored by current multi-modal approaches that recover the representation from missing modalities by feature reconstruction or blind feature aggregation from other modalities, instead of extracting useful information from the best performing modalities. In this paper, we propose a Learnable Cross-modal Knowledge Distillation (LCKD) model to adaptively identify important modalities and distil knowledge from them to help other modalities from the cross-modal perspective for solving the missing modality issue. Our approach introduces a teacher election procedure to select the most ``qualified'' teachers based on their single modality performance on certain tasks. Then, cross-modal knowledge distillation is performed between teacher and student modalities for each task to push the model parameters to a point that is beneficial for all tasks. Hence, even if the teacher modalities for certain tasks are missing during testing, the available student modalities can accomplish the task well enough based on the learned knowledge from their automatically elected teacher modalities. Experiments on the Brain Tumour Segmentation Dataset 2018 (BraTS2018) shows that LCKD outperforms other methods by a considerable margin, improving the state-of-the-art performance by 3.61% for enhancing tumour, 5.99% for tumour core, and 3.76% for whole tumour in terms of segmentation Dice score.
Segmenting the motion components of a video: A long-term unsupervised model
Authors: Etienne Meunier, Patrick Bouthemy
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Motion Segmentation, Optical Flow Estimation, Representation Learning

Human beings have the ability to continuously analyze a video and immediately extract the motion components. We want to adopt this paradigm to provide a coherent and stable motion segmentation over the video sequence. In this perspective, we propose a novel long-term spatio-temporal model operating in a totally unsupervised way. It takes as input the volume of consecutive optical flow (OF) fields, and delivers a volume of segments of coherent motion over the video. More specifically, we have designed a transformer-based network, where we leverage a mathematically well-founded framework, the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO), to derive the loss function. The loss function combines a flow reconstruction term involving spatio-temporal parametric motion models combining, in a novel way, polynomial (quadratic) motion models for the spatial dimensions and B-splines for the time dimension of the video sequence, and a regularization term enforcing temporal consistency on the segments. We report experiments on four VOS benchmarks, demonstrating competitive quantitative results, while performing motion segmentation on a whole sequence in one go. We also highlight through visual results the key contributions on temporal consistency brought by our method.
Unsupervised Roofline Extraction from True Orthophotos for LoD2 Building Model Reconstruction
Authors: Weixiao Gao, Ravi Peters, Jantien Stoter
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Line Detection

This paper discusses the reconstruction of LoD2 building models from 2D and 3D data for large-scale urban environments. Traditional methods involve the use of LiDAR point clouds, but due to high costs and long intervals associated with acquiring such data for rapidly developing areas, researchers have started exploring the use of point clouds generated from (oblique) aerial images. However, using such point clouds for traditional plane detection-based methods can result in significant errors and introduce noise into the reconstructed building models. To address this, this paper presents a method for extracting rooflines from true orthophotos using line detection for the reconstruction of building models at the LoD2 level. The approach is able to extract relatively complete rooflines without the need for pre-labeled training data or pre-trained models. These lines can directly be used in the LoD2 building model reconstruction process. The method is superior to existing plane detection-based methods and state-of-the-art deep learning methods in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the reconstructed building. Our source code is available at https://github.com/tudelft3d/Roofline-extraction-from-orthophotos.
Leveraging Cutting Edge Deep Learning Based Image Matching for Reconstructing a Large Scene from Sparse Images
Authors: Georg Bökman, Johan Edstedt
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Retrieval, Retrieval

We present the top ranked solution for the AISG-SLA Visual Localisation Challenge benchmark (IJCAI 2023), where the task is to estimate relative motion between images taken in sequence by a camera mounted on a car driving through an urban scene. For matching images we use our recent deep learning based matcher RoMa. Matching image pairs sequentially and estimating relative motion from point correspondences sampled by RoMa already gives very competitive results -- third rank on the challenge benchmark. To improve the estimations we extract keypoints in the images, match them using RoMa, and perform structure from motion reconstruction using COLMAP. We choose our recent DeDoDe keypoints for their high repeatability. Further, we address time jumps in the image sequence by matching specific non-consecutive image pairs based on image retrieval with DINOv2. These improvements yield a solution beating all competitors. We further present a loose upper bound on the accuracy obtainable by the image retrieval approach by also matching hand-picked non-consecutive pairs.
Strength in Diversity: Multi-Branch Representation Learning for Vehicle Re-Identification
Authors: Eurico Almeida, Bruno Silva, Jorge Batista
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Representation Learning, Vehicle Re-Identification

This paper presents an efficient and lightweight multi-branch deep architecture to improve vehicle re-identification (V-ReID). While most V-ReID work uses a combination of complex multi-branch architectures to extract robust and diversified embeddings towards re-identification, we advocate that simple and lightweight architectures can be designed to fulfill the Re-ID task without compromising performance. We propose a combination of Grouped-convolution and Loss-Branch-Split strategies to design a multi-branch architecture that improve feature diversity and feature discriminability. We combine a ResNet50 global branch architecture with a BotNet self-attention branch architecture, both designed within a Loss-Branch-Split (LBS) strategy. We argue that specialized loss-branch-splitting helps to improve re-identification tasks by generating specialized re-identification features. A lightweight solution using grouped convolution is also proposed to mimic the learning of loss-splitting into multiple embeddings while significantly reducing the model size. In addition, we designed an improved solution to leverage additional metadata, such as camera ID and pose information, that uses 97% less parameters, further improving re-identification performance. In comparison to state-of-the-art (SoTA) methods, our approach outperforms competing solutions in Veri-776 by achieving 85.6% mAP and 97.7% CMC1 and obtains competitive results in Veri-Wild with 88.1% mAP and 96.3% CMC1. Overall, our work provides important insights into improving vehicle re-identification and presents a strong basis for other retrieval tasks. Our code is available at the https://github.com/videturfortuna/vehicle_reid_itsc2023.
Neural Processing of Tri-Plane Hybrid Neural Fields
Authors: Adriano Cardace, Pierluigi Zama Ramirez, Francesco Ballerini, Allan Zhou, Samuele Salti, Luigi Di Stefano
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00

Driven by the appealing properties of neural fields for storing and communicating 3D data, the problem of directly processing them to address tasks such as classification and part segmentation has emerged and has been investigated in recent works. Early approaches employ neural fields parameterized by shared networks trained on the whole dataset, achieving good task performance but sacrificing reconstruction quality. To improve the latter, later methods focus on individual neural fields parameterized as large Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), which are, however, challenging to process due to the high dimensionality of the weight space, intrinsic weight space symmetries, and sensitivity to random initialization. Hence, results turn out significantly inferior to those achieved by processing explicit representations, e.g., point clouds or meshes. In the meantime, hybrid representations, in particular based on tri-planes, have emerged as a more effective and efficient alternative to realize neural fields, but their direct processing has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we show that the tri-plane discrete data structure encodes rich information, which can be effectively processed by standard deep-learning machinery. We define an extensive benchmark covering a diverse set of fields such as occupancy, signed/unsigned distance, and, for the first time, radiance fields. While processing a field with the same reconstruction quality, we achieve task performance far superior to frameworks that process large MLPs and, for the first time, almost on par with architectures handling explicit representations.
[Re] CLRNet: Cross Layer Refinement Network for Lane Detection
Authors: Viswesh N, Kaushal Jadhav, Avi Amalanshu, Bratin Mondal, Sabaris Waran, Om Sadhwani, Apoorv Kumar, Debashish Chakravarty
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Lane Detection

The following work is a reproducibility report for CLRNet: Cross Layer Refinement Network for Lane Detection. The basic code was made available by the author. The paper proposes a novel Cross Layer Refinement Network to utilize both high and low level features for lane detection. The authors assert that the proposed technique sets the new state-of-the-art on three lane-detection benchmarks
Segment Any Building
Authors: Lei LI
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Management, Representation Learning, Segmentation

The task of identifying and segmenting buildings within remote sensing imagery has perennially stood at the forefront of scholarly investigations. This manuscript accentuates the potency of harnessing diversified datasets in tandem with cutting-edge representation learning paradigms for building segmentation in such images. Through the strategic amalgamation of disparate datasets, we have not only expanded the informational horizon accessible for model training but also manifested unparalleled performance metrics across multiple datasets. Our avant-garde joint training regimen underscores the merit of our approach, bearing significant implications in pivotal domains such as urban infrastructural development, disaster mitigation strategies, and ecological surveillance. Our methodology, predicated upon the fusion of datasets and gleaning insights from pre-trained models, carves a new benchmark in the annals of building segmentation endeavors. The outcomes of this research both fortify the foundations for ensuing scholarly pursuits and presage a horizon replete with innovative applications in the discipline of building segmentation.
Self-distilled Masked Attention guided masked image modeling with noise Regularized Teacher (SMART) for medical image analysis
Authors: Jue Jiang, Aneesh Rangnekar, Chloe Min Seo Choi, Harini Veeraraghavan
Date: 2023-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Computed Tomography (CT), Medical Image Analysis

Pretraining vision transformers (ViT) with attention guided masked image modeling (MIM) has shown to increase downstream accuracy for natural image analysis. Hierarchical shifted window (Swin) transformer, often used in medical image analysis cannot use attention guided masking as it lacks an explicit [CLS] token, needed for computing attention maps for selective masking. We thus enhanced Swin with semantic class attention. We developed a co-distilled Swin transformer that combines a noisy momentum updated teacher to guide selective masking for MIM. Our approach called \textsc{s}e\textsc{m}antic \textsc{a}ttention guided co-distillation with noisy teacher \textsc{r}egularized Swin \textsc{T}rans\textsc{F}ormer (SMARTFormer) was applied for analyzing 3D computed tomography datasets with lung nodules and malignant lung cancers (LC). We also analyzed the impact of semantic attention and noisy teacher on pretraining and downstream accuracy. SMARTFormer classified lesions (malignant from benign) with a high accuracy of 0.895 of 1000 nodules, predicted LC treatment response with accuracy of 0.74, and achieved high accuracies even in limited data regimes. Pretraining with semantic attention and noisy teacher improved ability to distinguish semantically meaningful structures such as organs in a unsupervised clustering task and localize abnormal structures like tumors. Code, models will be made available through GitHub upon paper acceptance.