pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Predicate Classification Using Optimal Transport Loss in Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Sorachi Kurita, Satoshi Oyama, Itsuki Noda
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Graph Generation, Predicate Classification, Scene Graph Generation

In scene graph generation (SGG), learning with cross-entropy loss yields biased predictions owing to the severe imbalance in the distribution of the relationship labels in the dataset. Thus, this study proposes a method to generate scene graphs using optimal transport as a measure for comparing two probability distributions. We apply learning with the optimal transport loss, which reflects the similarity between the labels in terms of transportation cost, for predicate classification in SGG. In the proposed approach, the transportation cost of the optimal transport is defined using the similarity of words obtained from the pre-trained model. The experimental evaluation of the effectiveness demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of mean Recall@50 and 100. Furthermore, it improves the recall of the relationship labels scarcely available in the dataset.
Exploring Different Levels of Supervision for Detecting and Localizing Solar Panels on Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Maarten Burger, Rob Wijnhoven, ShaoDi You
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Object

This study investigates object presence detection and localization in remote sensing imagery, focusing on solar panel recognition. We explore different levels of supervision, evaluating three models: a fully supervised object detector, a weakly supervised image classifier with CAM-based localization, and a minimally supervised anomaly detector. The classifier excels in binary presence detection (0.79 F1-score), while the object detector (0.72) offers precise localization. The anomaly detector requires more data for viable performance. Fusion of model results shows potential accuracy gains. CAM impacts localization modestly, with GradCAM, GradCAM++, and HiResCAM yielding superior results. Notably, the classifier remains robust with less data, in contrast to the object detector.
SideGAN: 3D-Aware Generative Model for Improved Side-View Image Synthesis
Authors: Kyungmin Jo, Wonjoon Jin, Jaegul Choo, Hyunjoon Lee, Sunghyun Cho
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation

While recent 3D-aware generative models have shown photo-realistic image synthesis with multi-view consistency, the synthesized image quality degrades depending on the camera pose (e.g., a face with a blurry and noisy boundary at a side viewpoint). Such degradation is mainly caused by the difficulty of learning both pose consistency and photo-realism simultaneously from a dataset with heavily imbalanced poses. In this paper, we propose SideGAN, a novel 3D GAN training method to generate photo-realistic images irrespective of the camera pose, especially for faces of side-view angles. To ease the challenging problem of learning photo-realistic and pose-consistent image synthesis, we split the problem into two subproblems, each of which can be solved more easily. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a combination of two simple discrimination problems, one of which learns to discriminate whether a synthesized image looks real or not, and the other learns to discriminate whether a synthesized image agrees with the camera pose. Based on this, we propose a dual-branched discriminator with two discrimination branches. We also propose a pose-matching loss to learn the pose consistency of 3D GANs. In addition, we present a pose sampling strategy to increase learning opportunities for steep angles in a pose-imbalanced dataset. With extensive validation, we demonstrate that our approach enables 3D GANs to generate high-quality geometries and photo-realistic images irrespective of the camera pose.
Pointing out Human Answer Mistakes in a Goal-Oriented Visual Dialogue
Authors: Ryosuke Oshima, Seitaro Shinagawa, Hideki Tsunashima, Qi Feng, Shigeo Morishima
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling

Effective communication between humans and intelligent agents has promising applications for solving complex problems. One such approach is visual dialogue, which leverages multimodal context to assist humans. However, real-world scenarios occasionally involve human mistakes, which can cause intelligent agents to fail. While most prior research assumes perfect answers from human interlocutors, we focus on a setting where the agent points out unintentional mistakes for the interlocutor to review, better reflecting real-world situations. In this paper, we show that human answer mistakes depend on question type and QA turn in the visual dialogue by analyzing a previously unused data collection of human mistakes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of those factors for the model's accuracy in a pointing-human-mistake task through experiments using a simple MLP model and a Visual Language Model.
GloPro: Globally-Consistent Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation & Tracking in the Wild
Authors: Simon Schaefer, Dorian F. Henning, Stefan Leutenegger
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Human Pose Estimation, Pose Estimation

An accurate and uncertainty-aware 3D human body pose estimation is key to enabling truly safe but efficient human-robot interactions. Current uncertainty-aware methods in 3D human pose estimation are limited to predicting the uncertainty of the body posture, while effectively neglecting the body shape and root pose. In this work, we present GloPro, which to the best of our knowledge the first framework to predict an uncertainty distribution of a 3D body mesh including its shape, pose, and root pose, by efficiently fusing visual clues with a learned motion model. We demonstrate that it vastly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of human trajectory accuracy in a world coordinate system (even in the presence of severe occlusions), yields consistent uncertainty distributions, and can run in real-time.
Improving CLIP Robustness with Knowledge Distillation and Self-Training
Authors: Clement Laroudie, Andrei Bursuc, Mai Lan Ha, Gianni Franchi
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Knowledge Distillation

This paper examines the robustness of a multi-modal computer vision model, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), in the context of unsupervised learning. The main objective is twofold: first, to evaluate the robustness of CLIP, and second, to explore strategies for augmenting its robustness. To achieve this, we introduce a novel approach named LP-CLIP. This technique involves the distillation of CLIP features through the incorporation of a linear probing layer positioned atop its encoding structure. This newly added layer is trained utilizing pseudo-labels produced by CLIP, coupled with a self-training strategy. The LP-CLIP technique offers a promising approach to enhance the robustness of CLIP without the need for annotations. By leveraging a simple linear probing layer, we aim to improve the model's ability to withstand various uncertainties and challenges commonly encountered in real-world scenarios. Importantly, our approach does not rely on annotated data, which makes it particularly valuable in situations where labeled data might be scarce or costly to obtain. Our proposed approach increases the robustness of CLIP with SOTA results compared to supervised technique on various datasets.
RoadFormer: Duplex Transformer for RGB-Normal Semantic Road Scene Parsing
Authors: Jiahang Li, Yikang Zhang, Peng Yun, Guangliang Zhou, Qijun Chen, Rui Fan
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Scene Parsing, Semantic Segmentation

The recent advancements in deep convolutional neural networks have shown significant promise in the domain of road scene parsing. Nevertheless, the existing works focus primarily on freespace detection, with little attention given to hazardous road defects that could compromise both driving safety and comfort. In this paper, we introduce RoadFormer, a novel Transformer-based data-fusion network developed for road scene parsing. RoadFormer utilizes a duplex encoder architecture to extract heterogeneous features from both RGB images and surface normal information. The encoded features are subsequently fed into a novel heterogeneous feature synergy block for effective feature fusion and recalibration. The pixel decoder then learns multi-scale long-range dependencies from the fused and recalibrated heterogeneous features, which are subsequently processed by a Transformer decoder to produce the final semantic prediction. Additionally, we release SYN-UDTIRI, the first large-scale road scene parsing dataset that contains over 10,407 RGB images, dense depth images, and the corresponding pixel-level annotations for both freespace and road defects of different shapes and sizes. Extensive experimental evaluations conducted on our SYN-UDTIRI dataset, as well as on three public datasets, including KITTI road, CityScapes, and ORFD, demonstrate that RoadFormer outperforms all other state-of-the-art networks for road scene parsing. Specifically, RoadFormer ranks first on the KITTI road benchmark. Our source code, created dataset, and demo video are publicly available at mias.group/RoadFormer.
Language Guided Adversarial Purification
Authors: Himanshu Singh, A V Subramanyam
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Defense, Adversarial Purification, Adversarial Robustness, Image Generation

Adversarial purification using generative models demonstrates strong adversarial defense performance. These methods are classifier and attack-agnostic, making them versatile but often computationally intensive. Recent strides in diffusion and score networks have improved image generation and, by extension, adversarial purification. Another highly efficient class of adversarial defense methods known as adversarial training requires specific knowledge of attack vectors, forcing them to be trained extensively on adversarial examples. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new framework, namely Language Guided Adversarial Purification (LGAP), utilizing pre-trained diffusion models and caption generators to defend against adversarial attacks. Given an input image, our method first generates a caption, which is then used to guide the adversarial purification process through a diffusion network. Our approach has been evaluated against strong adversarial attacks, proving its effectiveness in enhancing adversarial robustness. Our results indicate that LGAP outperforms most existing adversarial defense techniques without requiring specialized network training. This underscores the generalizability of models trained on large datasets, highlighting a promising direction for further research.
Anti-Aliased Neural Implicit Surfaces with Encoding Level of Detail
Authors: Yiyu Zhuang, Qi Zhang, Ying Feng, Hao Zhu, Yao Yao, Xiaoyu Li, Yan-Pei Cao, Ying Shan, Xun Cao
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Surface Reconstruction

We present LoD-NeuS, an efficient neural representation for high-frequency geometry detail recovery and anti-aliased novel view rendering. Drawing inspiration from voxel-based representations with the level of detail (LoD), we introduce a multi-scale tri-plane-based scene representation that is capable of capturing the LoD of the signed distance function (SDF) and the space radiance. Our representation aggregates space features from a multi-convolved featurization within a conical frustum along a ray and optimizes the LoD feature volume through differentiable rendering. Additionally, we propose an error-guided sampling strategy to guide the growth of the SDF during the optimization. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that our method achieves superior surface reconstruction and photorealistic view synthesis compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Multi-dimension Queried and Interacting Network for Stereo Image Deraining
Authors: Yuanbo Wen, Tao Gao, ZiQi Li, Jing Zhang, Ting Chen
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Rain Removal

Eliminating the rain degradation in stereo images poses a formidable challenge, which necessitates the efficient exploitation of mutual information present between the dual views. To this end, we devise MQINet, which employs multi-dimension queries and interactions for stereo image deraining. More specifically, our approach incorporates a context-aware dimension-wise queried block (CDQB). This module leverages dimension-wise queries that are independent of the input features and employs global context-aware attention (GCA) to capture essential features while avoiding the entanglement of redundant or irrelevant information. Meanwhile, we introduce an intra-view physics-aware attention (IPA) based on the inverse physical model of rainy images. IPA extracts shallow features that are sensitive to the physics of rain degradation, facilitating the reduction of rain-related artifacts during the early learning period. Furthermore, we integrate a cross-view multi-dimension interacting attention mechanism (CMIA) to foster comprehensive feature interaction between the two views across multiple dimensions. Extensive experimental evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our model over EPRRNet and StereoIRR, achieving respective improvements of 4.18 dB and 0.45 dB in PSNR. Code and models are available at \url{https://github.com/chdwyb/MQINet}.
Dive Deeper into Rectifying Homography for Stereo Camera Online Self-Calibration
Authors: Hongbo Zhao, Yikang Zhang, Qijun Chen, Rui Fan
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: parameter estimation, Stereo Matching, Visual Odometry

Accurate estimation of stereo camera extrinsic parameters is the key to guarantee the performance of stereo matching algorithms. In prior arts, the online self-calibration of stereo cameras has commonly been formulated as a specialized visual odometry problem, without taking into account the principles of stereo rectification. In this paper, we first delve deeply into the concept of rectifying homography, which serves as the cornerstone for the development of our novel stereo camera online self-calibration algorithm, for cases where only a single pair of images is available. Furthermore, we introduce a simple yet effective solution for global optimum extrinsic parameter estimation in the presence of stereo video sequences. Additionally, we emphasize the impracticality of using three Euler angles and three components in the translation vectors for performance quantification. Instead, we introduce four new evaluation metrics to quantify the robustness and accuracy of extrinsic parameter estimation, applicable to both single-pair and multi-pair cases. Extensive experiments conducted across indoor and outdoor environments using various experimental setups validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. The comprehensive evaluation results demonstrate its superior performance in comparison to the baseline algorithm. Our source code, demo video, and supplement are publicly available at mias.group/StereoCalibrator.
Decoupled Training: Return of Frustratingly Easy Multi-Domain Learning
Authors: Ximei Wang, Junwei Pan, Xingzhuo Guo, Dapeng Liu, Jie Jiang
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Recommendation Systems

Multi-domain learning (MDL) aims to train a model with minimal average risk across multiple overlapping but non-identical domains. To tackle the challenges of dataset bias and domain domination, numerous MDL approaches have been proposed from the perspectives of seeking commonalities by aligning distributions to reduce domain gap or reserving differences by implementing domain-specific towers, gates, and even experts. MDL models are becoming more and more complex with sophisticated network architectures or loss functions, introducing extra parameters and enlarging computation costs. In this paper, we propose a frustratingly easy and hyperparameter-free multi-domain learning method named Decoupled Training (D-Train). D-Train is a tri-phase general-to-specific training strategy that first pre-trains on all domains to warm up a root model, then post-trains on each domain by splitting into multi-heads, and finally fine-tunes the heads by fixing the backbone, enabling decouple training to achieve domain independence. Despite its extraordinary simplicity and efficiency, D-Train performs remarkably well in extensive evaluations of various datasets from standard benchmarks to applications of satellite imagery and recommender systems.
360$^\circ$ Reconstruction From a Single Image Using Space Carved Outpainting
Authors: Nuri Ryu, Minsu Gong, Geonung Kim, Joo-Haeng Lee, Sunghyun Cho
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Surface Reconstruction

We introduce POP3D, a novel framework that creates a full $360^\circ$-view 3D model from a single image. POP3D resolves two prominent issues that limit the single-view reconstruction. Firstly, POP3D offers substantial generalizability to arbitrary categories, a trait that previous methods struggle to achieve. Secondly, POP3D further improves reconstruction fidelity and naturalness, a crucial aspect that concurrent works fall short of. Our approach marries the strengths of four primary components: (1) a monocular depth and normal predictor that serves to predict crucial geometric cues, (2) a space carving method capable of demarcating the potentially unseen portions of the target object, (3) a generative model pre-trained on a large-scale image dataset that can complete unseen regions of the target, and (4) a neural implicit surface reconstruction method tailored in reconstructing objects using RGB images along with monocular geometric cues. The combination of these components enables POP3D to readily generalize across various in-the-wild images and generate state-of-the-art reconstructions, outperforming similar works by a significant margin. Project page: \url{http://cg.postech.ac.kr/research/POP3D}
RGB-based Category-level Object Pose Estimation via Decoupled Metric Scale Recovery
Authors: Jiaxin Wei, Xibin Song, Weizhe Liu, Laurent Kneip, Hongdong Li, Pan Ji
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Pose Estimation

While showing promising results, recent RGB-D camera-based category-level object pose estimation methods have restricted applications due to the heavy reliance on depth sensors. RGB-only methods provide an alternative to this problem yet suffer from inherent scale ambiguity stemming from monocular observations. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline that decouples the 6D pose and size estimation to mitigate the influence of imperfect scales on rigid transformations. Specifically, we leverage a pre-trained monocular estimator to extract local geometric information, mainly facilitating the search for inlier 2D-3D correspondence. Meanwhile, a separate branch is designed to directly recover the metric scale of the object based on category-level statistics. Finally, we advocate using the RANSAC-P$n$P algorithm to robustly solve for 6D object pose. Extensive experiments have been conducted on both synthetic and real datasets, demonstrating the superior performance of our method over previous state-of-the-art RGB-based approaches, especially in terms of rotation accuracy. Code: https://github.com/goldoak/DMSR.
UPL-SFDA: Uncertainty-aware Pseudo Label Guided Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Jianghao Wu, Guotai Wang, Ran Gu, Tao Lu, Yinan Chen, Wentao Zhu, Tom Vercauteren, Sébastien Ourselin, Shaoting Zhang
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Brain Segmentation, Domain Adaptation, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, MRI segmentation, Pseudo Label, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Source-Free Domain Adaptation

Domain Adaptation (DA) is important for deep learning-based medical image segmentation models to deal with testing images from a new target domain. As the source-domain data are usually unavailable when a trained model is deployed at a new center, Source-Free Domain Adaptation (SFDA) is appealing for data and annotation-efficient adaptation to the target domain. However, existing SFDA methods have a limited performance due to lack of sufficient supervision with source-domain images unavailable and target-domain images unlabeled. We propose a novel Uncertainty-aware Pseudo Label guided (UPL) SFDA method for medical image segmentation. Specifically, we propose Target Domain Growing (TDG) to enhance the diversity of predictions in the target domain by duplicating the pre-trained model's prediction head multiple times with perturbations. The different predictions in these duplicated heads are used to obtain pseudo labels for unlabeled target-domain images and their uncertainty to identify reliable pseudo labels. We also propose a Twice Forward pass Supervision (TFS) strategy that uses reliable pseudo labels obtained in one forward pass to supervise predictions in the next forward pass. The adaptation is further regularized by a mean prediction-based entropy minimization term that encourages confident and consistent results in different prediction heads. UPL-SFDA was validated with a multi-site heart MRI segmentation dataset, a cross-modality fetal brain segmentation dataset, and a 3D fetal tissue segmentation dataset. It improved the average Dice by 5.54, 5.01 and 6.89 percentage points for the three tasks compared with the baseline, respectively, and outperformed several state-of-the-art SFDA methods.
Transferable Adversarial Attack on Image Tampering Localization
Authors: Yuqi Wang, Gang Cao, Zijie Lou, Haochen Zhu
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Attack

It is significant to evaluate the security of existing digital image tampering localization algorithms in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose an adversarial attack scheme to reveal the reliability of such tampering localizers, which would be fooled and fail to predict altered regions correctly. Specifically, the adversarial examples based on optimization and gradient are implemented for white/black-box attacks. Correspondingly, the adversarial example is optimized via reverse gradient propagation, and the perturbation is added adaptively in the direction of gradient rising. The black-box attack is achieved by relying on the transferability of such adversarial examples to different localizers. Extensive evaluations verify that the proposed attack sharply reduces the localization accuracy while preserving high visual quality of the attacked images.
LiON: Learning Point-wise Abstaining Penalty for LiDAR Outlier DetectioN Using Diverse Synthetic Data
Authors: Shaocong Xu, Pengfei Li, Qianpu Sun, Xinyu Liu, Yang Li, Shihui Guo, Zhen Wang, Bo Jiang, Rui Wang, Kehua Sheng, Bo Zhang, Li Jiang, Hao Zhao, Yilun Chen
Date: 2023-09-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Anomaly Detection, Autonomous Driving, Outlier Detection, Scene Understanding

LiDAR-based semantic scene understanding is an important module in the modern autonomous driving perception stack. However, identifying outlier points in a LiDAR point cloud is challenging as LiDAR point clouds lack semantically-rich information. While former SOTA methods adopt heuristic architectures, we revisit this problem from the perspective of Selective Classification, which introduces a selective function into the standard closed-set classification setup. Our solution is built upon the basic idea of abstaining from choosing any inlier categories but learns a point-wise abstaining penalty with a margin-based loss. Apart from learning paradigms, synthesizing outliers to approximate unlimited real outliers is also critical, so we propose a strong synthesis pipeline that generates outliers originated from various factors: object categories, sampling patterns and sizes. We demonstrate that learning different abstaining penalties, apart from point-wise penalty, for different types of (synthesized) outliers can further improve the performance. We benchmark our method on SemanticKITTI and nuScenes and achieve SOTA results. Codes are available at https://github.com/Daniellli/LiON/.