pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Boosting Gesture Recognition with an Automatic Gesture Annotation Framework
Authors: Junxiao Shen, Xuhai Xu, Ran Tan, Amy Karlson, Evan Strasnick
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Gesture Recognition

Training a real-time gesture recognition model heavily relies on annotated data. However, manual data annotation is costly and demands substantial human effort. In order to address this challenge, we propose a framework that can automatically annotate gesture classes and identify their temporal ranges. Our framework consists of two key components: (1) a novel annotation model that leverages the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss, and (2) a semi-supervised learning pipeline that enables the model to improve its performance by training on its own predictions, known as pseudo labels. These high-quality pseudo labels can also be used to enhance the accuracy of other downstream gesture recognition models. To evaluate our framework, we conducted experiments using two publicly available gesture datasets. Our ablation study demonstrates that our annotation model design surpasses the baseline in terms of both gesture classification accuracy (3-4% improvement) and localization accuracy (71-75% improvement). Additionally, we illustrate that the pseudo-labeled dataset produced from the proposed framework significantly boosts the accuracy of a pre-trained downstream gesture recognition model by 11-18%. We believe that this annotation framework has immense potential to improve the training of downstream gesture recognition models using unlabeled datasets.
Towards Category Unification of 3D Single Object Tracking on Point Clouds
Authors: Jiahao Nie, Zhiwei He, Xudong Lv, Xueyi Zhou, Dong-Kyu Chae, Fei Xie
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Single Object Tracking, Attribute, Object Tracking, Representation Learning

Category-specific models are provenly valuable methods in 3D single object tracking (SOT) regardless of Siamese or motion-centric paradigms. However, such over-specialized model designs incur redundant parameters, thus limiting the broader applicability of 3D SOT task. This paper first introduces unified models that can simultaneously track objects across all categories using a single network with shared model parameters. Specifically, we propose to explicitly encode distinct attributes associated to different object categories, enabling the model to adapt to cross-category data. We find that the attribute variances of point cloud objects primarily occur from the varying size and shape (e.g., large and square vehicles v.s. small and slender humans). Based on this observation, we design a novel point set representation learning network inheriting transformer architecture, termed AdaFormer, which adaptively encodes the dynamically varying shape and size information from cross-category data in a unified manner. We further incorporate the size and shape prior derived from the known template targets into the model's inputs and learning objective, facilitating the learning of unified representation. Equipped with such designs, we construct two category-unified models SiamCUT and MoCUT.Extensive experiments demonstrate that SiamCUT and MoCUT exhibit strong generalization and training stability. Furthermore, our category-unified models outperform the category-specific counterparts by a significant margin (e.g., on KITTI dataset, 12% and 3% performance gains on the Siamese and motion paradigms). Our code will be available.
Unifying Visual and Vision-Language Tracking via Contrastive Learning
Authors: Yinchao Ma, Yuyang Tang, Wenfei Yang, Tianzhu Zhang, Jinpeng Zhang, Mengxue Kang
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Object Tracking, Visual Grounding, Visual Object Tracking, Visual Tracking

Single object tracking aims to locate the target object in a video sequence according to the state specified by different modal references, including the initial bounding box (BBOX), natural language (NL), or both (NL+BBOX). Due to the gap between different modalities, most existing trackers are designed for single or partial of these reference settings and overspecialize on the specific modality. Differently, we present a unified tracker called UVLTrack, which can simultaneously handle all three reference settings (BBOX, NL, NL+BBOX) with the same parameters. The proposed UVLTrack enjoys several merits. First, we design a modality-unified feature extractor for joint visual and language feature learning and propose a multi-modal contrastive loss to align the visual and language features into a unified semantic space. Second, a modality-adaptive box head is proposed, which makes full use of the target reference to mine ever-changing scenario features dynamically from video contexts and distinguish the target in a contrastive way, enabling robust performance in different reference settings. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that UVLTrack achieves promising performance on seven visual tracking datasets, three vision-language tracking datasets, and three visual grounding datasets. Codes and models will be open-sourced at https://github.com/OpenSpaceAI/UVLTrack.
Product-Level Try-on: Characteristics-preserving Try-on with Realistic Clothes Shading and Wrinkles
Authors: Yanlong Zang, Han Yang, Jiaxu Miao, Yi Yang
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Virtual Try-on

Image-based virtual try-on systems,which fit new garments onto human portraits,are gaining research attention.An ideal pipeline should preserve the static features of clothes(like textures and logos)while also generating dynamic elements(e.g.shadows,folds)that adapt to the model's pose and environment.Previous works fail specifically in generating dynamic features,as they preserve the warped in-shop clothes trivially with predicted an alpha mask by composition.To break the dilemma of over-preserving and textures losses,we propose a novel diffusion-based Product-level virtual try-on pipeline,\ie PLTON, which can preserve the fine details of logos and embroideries while producing realistic clothes shading and wrinkles.The main insights are in three folds:1)Adaptive Dynamic Rendering:We take a pre-trained diffusion model as a generative prior and tame it with image features,training a dynamic extractor from scratch to generate dynamic tokens that preserve high-fidelity semantic information. Due to the strong generative power of the diffusion prior,we can generate realistic clothes shadows and wrinkles.2)Static Characteristics Transformation: High-frequency Map(HF-Map)is our fundamental insight for static representation.PLTON first warps in-shop clothes to the target model pose by a traditional warping network,and uses a high-pass filter to extract an HF-Map for preserving static cloth features.The HF-Map is used to generate modulation maps through our static extractor,which are injected into a fixed U-net to synthesize the final result.To enhance retention,a Two-stage Blended Denoising method is proposed to guide the diffusion process for correct spatial layout and color.PLTON is finetuned only with our collected small-size try-on dataset.Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on 1024 768 datasets demonstrate the superiority of our framework in mimicking real clothes dynamics.
LRP-QViT: Mixed-Precision Vision Transformer Quantization via Layer-wise Relevance Propagation
Authors: Navin Ranjan, Andreas Savakis
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Quantization

Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual tasks. However, ViT models suffer from substantial computational and memory requirements, making it challenging to deploy them on resource-constrained platforms. Quantization is a popular approach for reducing model size, but most studies mainly focus on equal bit-width quantization for the entire network, resulting in sub-optimal solutions. While there are few works on mixed precision quantization (MPQ) for ViTs, they typically rely on search space-based methods or employ mixed precision arbitrarily. In this paper, we introduce LRP-QViT, an explainability-based method for assigning mixed-precision bit allocations to different layers based on their importance during classification. Specifically, to measure the contribution score of each layer in predicting the target class, we employ the Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) method. LRP assigns local relevance at the output layer and propagates it through all layers, distributing the relevance until it reaches the input layers. These relevance scores serve as indicators for computing the layer contribution score. Additionally, we have introduced a clipped channel-wise quantization aimed at eliminating outliers from post-LayerNorm activations to alleviate severe inter-channel variations. To validate and assess our approach, we employ LRP-QViT across ViT, DeiT, and Swin transformer models on various datasets. Our experimental findings demonstrate that both our fixed-bit and mixed-bit post-training quantization methods surpass existing models in the context of 4-bit and 6-bit quantization.
A Novel Benchmark for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation in the Era of Foundation Models
Authors: Reda Bensaid, Vincent Gripon, François Leduc-Primeau, Lukas Mauch, Ghouthi Boukli Hacene, Fabien Cardinaux
Date: 2024-01-20 00:00:00
Tasks: Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In recent years, the rapid evolution of computer vision has seen the emergence of various foundation models, each tailored to specific data types and tasks. In this study, we explore the adaptation of these models for few-shot semantic segmentation. Specifically, we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of four prominent foundation models: DINO V2, Segment Anything, CLIP, Masked AutoEncoders, and of a straightforward ResNet50 pre-trained on the COCO dataset. We also include 5 adaptation methods, ranging from linear probing to fine tuning. Our findings show that DINO V2 outperforms other models by a large margin, across various datasets and adaptation methods. On the other hand, adaptation methods provide little discrepancy in the obtained results, suggesting that a simple linear probing can compete with advanced, more computationally intensive, alternatives
ANNA: A Deep Learning Based Dataset in Heterogeneous Traffic for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Mahedi Kamal, Tasnim Fariha, Afrina Kabir Zinia, Md. Abu Syed, Fahim Hasan Khan, Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, object-detection, Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence offer tremendous promise for the development of self-driving applications. Deep Neural Networks, in particular, are being utilized to support the operation of semi-autonomous cars through object identification and semantic segmentation. To assess the inadequacy of the current dataset in the context of autonomous and semi-autonomous cars, we created a new dataset named ANNA. This study discusses a custom-built dataset that includes some unidentified vehicles in the perspective of Bangladesh, which are not included in the existing dataset. A dataset validity check was performed by evaluating models using the Intersection Over Union (IOU) metric. The results demonstrated that the model trained on our custom dataset was more precise and efficient than the models trained on the KITTI or COCO dataset concerning Bangladeshi traffic. The research presented in this paper also emphasizes the importance of developing accurate and efficient object detection algorithms for the advancement of autonomous vehicles.
UniM-OV3D: Uni-Modality Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding with Fine-Grained Feature Representation
Authors: Qingdong He, Jinlong Peng, Zhengkai Jiang, Kai Wu, Xiaozhong Ji, Jiangning Zhang, Yabiao Wang, Chengjie Wang, Mingang Chen, Yunsheng Wu
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Instance Segmentation, Scene Understanding, Semantic Segmentation

3D open-vocabulary scene understanding aims to recognize arbitrary novel categories beyond the base label space. However, existing works not only fail to fully utilize all the available modal information in the 3D domain but also lack sufficient granularity in representing the features of each modality. In this paper, we propose a unified multimodal 3D open-vocabulary scene understanding network, namely UniM-OV3D, which aligns point clouds with image, language and depth. To better integrate global and local features of the point clouds, we design a hierarchical point cloud feature extraction module that learns comprehensive fine-grained feature representations. Further, to facilitate the learning of coarse-to-fine point-semantic representations from captions, we propose the utilization of hierarchical 3D caption pairs, capitalizing on geometric constraints across various viewpoints of 3D scenes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our method in open-vocabulary semantic and instance segmentation, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on both indoor and outdoor benchmarks such as ScanNet, ScanNet200, S3IDS and nuScenes. Code is available at https://github.com/hithqd/UniM-OV3D.
LLMRA: Multi-modal Large Language Model based Restoration Assistant
Authors: Xiaoyu Jin, Yuan Shi, Bin Xia, Wenming Yang
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Restoration, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have a significant impact on various tasks, due to their extensive knowledge and powerful perception and generation capabilities. However, it still remains an open research problem on applying MLLMs to low-level vision tasks. In this paper, we present a simple MLLM-based Image Restoration framework to address this gap, namely Multi-modal Large Language Model based Restoration Assistant (LLMRA). We exploit the impressive capabilities of MLLMs to obtain the degradation information for universal image restoration. By employing a pretrained multi-modal large language model and a vision language model, we generate text descriptions and encode them as context embedding with degradation information for the degraded image. Through the proposed Context Enhance Module (CEM) and Degradation Context based Transformer Network (DC-former), we integrate these context embedding into the restoration network, contributing to more accurate and adjustable image restoration. Based on the dialogue with the users, our method leverages image degradation priors from MLLMs, providing low-level attributes descriptions of the input low-quality images and the restored high-quality images simultaneously. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our LLMRA in universal image restoration tasks.
Adversarial Augmentation Training Makes Action Recognition Models More Robust to Realistic Video Distribution Shifts
Authors: Kiyoon Kim, Shreyank N Gowda, Panagiotis Eustratiadis, Antreas Antoniou, Robert B Fisher
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Recognition, Scheduling, Temporal Action Localization, Video Prediction

Despite recent advances in video action recognition achieving strong performance on existing benchmarks, these models often lack robustness when faced with natural distribution shifts between training and test data. We propose two novel evaluation methods to assess model resilience to such distribution disparity. One method uses two different datasets collected from different sources and uses one for training and validation, and the other for testing. More precisely, we created dataset splits of HMDB-51 or UCF-101 for training, and Kinetics-400 for testing, using the subset of the classes that are overlapping in both train and test datasets. The other proposed method extracts the feature mean of each class from the target evaluation dataset's training data (i.e. class prototype) and estimates test video prediction as a cosine similarity score between each sample to the class prototypes of each target class. This procedure does not alter model weights using the target dataset and it does not require aligning overlapping classes of two different datasets, thus is a very efficient method to test the model robustness to distribution shifts without prior knowledge of the target distribution. We address the robustness problem by adversarial augmentation training - generating augmented views of videos that are "hard" for the classification model by applying gradient ascent on the augmentation parameters - as well as "curriculum" scheduling the strength of the video augmentations. We experimentally demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed adversarial augmentation approach over baselines across three state-of-the-art action recognition models - TSM, Video Swin Transformer, and Uniformer. The presented work provides critical insight into model robustness to distribution shifts and presents effective techniques to enhance video action recognition performance in a real-world deployment.
Embedded Hyperspectral Band Selection with Adaptive Optimization for Image Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Yaniv Zimmer, Oren Glickman
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: feature selection, Semantic Segmentation

The selection of hyperspectral bands plays a pivotal role in remote sensing and image analysis, with the aim of identifying the most informative spectral bands while minimizing computational overhead. This paper introduces a pioneering approach for hyperspectral band selection that offers an embedded solution, making it well-suited for resource-constrained or real-time applications. Our proposed method, embedded hyperspectral band selection (EHBS), excels in selecting the best bands without needing prior processing, seamlessly integrating with the downstream task model. This is achieved through stochastic band gates along with an approximation of the $l0$ norm on the number of selected bands as the regularization term and the integration of a dynamic optimizer, DoG, which removes the need for the required tuning of the learning rate. We conduct experiments on two distinct semantic-segmentation hyperspectral benchmark datasets, demonstrating their superiority in terms of accuracy and ease of use compared to many common and state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our contributions extend beyond hyperspectral band selection. Our approach's adaptability to other tasks, especially those involving grouped features, opens promising avenues for broader applications within the realm of deep learning, such as feature selection for feature groups.
Enhancing the vision-language foundation model with key semantic knowledge-emphasized report refinement
Authors: Weijian Huang, Cheng Li, Hao Yang, Jiarun Liu, Yong Liang, Hairong Zheng, Shanshan Wang
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Medical Image Analysis, Phrase Grounding, Representation Learning

Recently, vision-language representation learning has made remarkable advancements in building up medical foundation models, holding immense potential for transforming the landscape of clinical research and medical care. The underlying hypothesis is that the rich knowledge embedded in radiology reports can effectively assist and guide the learning process, reducing the need for additional labels. However, these reports tend to be complex and sometimes even consist of redundant descriptions that make the representation learning too challenging to capture the key semantic information. This paper develops a novel iterative vision-language representation learning framework by proposing a key semantic knowledge-emphasized report refinement method. Particularly, raw radiology reports are refined to highlight the key information according to a constructed clinical dictionary and two model-optimized knowledge-enhancement metrics. The iterative framework is designed to progressively learn, starting from gaining a general understanding of the patient's condition based on raw reports and gradually refines and extracts critical information essential to the fine-grained analysis tasks. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated on various downstream medical image analysis tasks, including disease classification, region-of-interest segmentation, and phrase grounding. Our framework surpasses seven state-of-the-art methods in both fine-tuning and zero-shot settings, demonstrating its encouraging potential for different clinical applications.
Exploring Diffusion Time-steps for Unsupervised Representation Learning
Authors: Zhongqi Yue, Jiankun Wang, Qianru Sun, Lei Ji, Eric I-Chao Chang, Hanwang Zhang
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, counterfactual, Denoising, Disentanglement, Inductive Bias, Representation Learning

Representation learning is all about discovering the hidden modular attributes that generate the data faithfully. We explore the potential of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DM) in unsupervised learning of the modular attributes. We build a theoretical framework that connects the diffusion time-steps and the hidden attributes, which serves as an effective inductive bias for unsupervised learning. Specifically, the forward diffusion process incrementally adds Gaussian noise to samples at each time-step, which essentially collapses different samples into similar ones by losing attributes, e.g., fine-grained attributes such as texture are lost with less noise added (i.e., early time-steps), while coarse-grained ones such as shape are lost by adding more noise (i.e., late time-steps). To disentangle the modular attributes, at each time-step t, we learn a t-specific feature to compensate for the newly lost attribute, and the set of all 1,...,t-specific features, corresponding to the cumulative set of lost attributes, are trained to make up for the reconstruction error of a pre-trained DM at time-step t. On CelebA, FFHQ, and Bedroom datasets, the learned feature significantly improves attribute classification and enables faithful counterfactual generation, e.g., interpolating only one specified attribute between two images, validating the disentanglement quality. Codes are in https://github.com/yue-zhongqi/diti.
Geometric Prior Guided Feature Representation Learning for Long-Tailed Classification
Authors: Yanbiao Ma, Licheng Jiao, Fang Liu, Shuyuan Yang, Xu Liu, Puhua Chen
Date: 2024-01-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Representation Learning

Real-world data are long-tailed, the lack of tail samples leads to a significant limitation in the generalization ability of the model. Although numerous approaches of class re-balancing perform well for moderate class imbalance problems, additional knowledge needs to be introduced to help the tail class recover the underlying true distribution when the observed distribution from a few tail samples does not represent its true distribution properly, thus allowing the model to learn valuable information outside the observed domain. In this work, we propose to leverage the geometric information of the feature distribution of the well-represented head class to guide the model to learn the underlying distribution of the tail class. Specifically, we first systematically define the geometry of the feature distribution and the similarity measures between the geometries, and discover four phenomena regarding the relationship between the geometries of different feature distributions. Then, based on four phenomena, feature uncertainty representation is proposed to perturb the tail features by utilizing the geometry of the head class feature distribution. It aims to make the perturbed features cover the underlying distribution of the tail class as much as possible, thus improving the model's generalization performance in the test domain. Finally, we design a three-stage training scheme enabling feature uncertainty modeling to be successfully applied. Experiments on CIFAR-10/100-LT, ImageNet-LT, and iNaturalist2018 show that our proposed approach outperforms other similar methods on most metrics. In addition, the experimental phenomena we discovered are able to provide new perspectives and theoretical foundations for subsequent studies.