pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Interpretation on Multi-modal Visual Fusion
Authors: Hao Chen, Haoran Zhou, Yongjian Deng
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00

In this paper, we present an analytical framework and a novel metric to shed light on the interpretation of the multimodal vision community. Our approach involves measuring the proposed semantic variance and feature similarity across modalities and levels, and conducting semantic and quantitative analyses through comprehensive experiments. Specifically, we investigate the consistency and speciality of representations across modalities, evolution rules within each modality, and the collaboration logic used when optimizing a multi-modality model. Our studies reveal several important findings, such as the discrepancy in cross-modal features and the hybrid multi-modal cooperation rule, which highlights consistency and speciality simultaneously for complementary inference. Through our dissection and findings on multi-modal fusion, we facilitate a rethinking of the reasonability and necessity of popular multi-modal vision fusion strategies. Furthermore, our work lays the foundation for designing a trustworthy and universal multi-modal fusion model for a variety of tasks in the future.
Pseudo Flow Consistency for Self-Supervised 6D Object Pose Estimation
Authors: Yang Hai, Rui Song, Jiaojiao Li, David Ferstl, Yinlin Hu
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: 6D Pose Estimation using RGB, Pose Estimation

Most self-supervised 6D object pose estimation methods can only work with additional depth information or rely on the accurate annotation of 2D segmentation masks, limiting their application range. In this paper, we propose a 6D object pose estimation method that can be trained with pure RGB images without any auxiliary information. We first obtain a rough pose initialization from networks trained on synthetic images rendered from the target's 3D mesh. Then, we introduce a refinement strategy leveraging the geometry constraint in synthetic-to-real image pairs from multiple different views. We formulate this geometry constraint as pixel-level flow consistency between the training images with dynamically generated pseudo labels. We evaluate our method on three challenging datasets and demonstrate that it outperforms state-of-the-art self-supervised methods significantly, with neither 2D annotations nor additional depth images.
DyFFPAD: Dynamic Fusion of Convolutional and Handcrafted Features for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection
Authors: Anuj Rai, Parsheel Kumar Tiwari, Jyotishna Baishya, Ram Prakash Sharma, Somnath Dey
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00

Automatic fingerprint recognition systems suffer from the threat of presentation attacks due to their wide range of deployment in areas including national borders and commercial applications. A presentation attack can be performed by creating a spoof of a user's fingerprint with or without their consent. This paper presents a dynamic ensemble of deep CNN and handcrafted features to detect presentation attacks in known-material and unknown-material protocols of the liveness detection competition. The proposed presentation attack detection model, in this way, utilizes the capabilities of both deep CNN and handcrafted features techniques and exhibits better performance than their individual performances. We have validated our proposed method on benchmark databases from the Liveness Detection Competition in 2015, 2017, and 2019, yielding overall accuracy of 96.10\%, 96.49\%, and 94.99\% on them, respectively. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy.
Partition-and-Debias: Agnostic Biases Mitigation via A Mixture of Biases-Specific Experts
Authors: Jiaxuan Li, Duc Minh Vo, Hideki Nakayama
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: image-classification, Image Classification

Bias mitigation in image classification has been widely researched, and existing methods have yielded notable results. However, most of these methods implicitly assume that a given image contains only one type of known or unknown bias, failing to consider the complexities of real-world biases. We introduce a more challenging scenario, agnostic biases mitigation, aiming at bias removal regardless of whether the type of bias or the number of types is unknown in the datasets. To address this difficult task, we present the Partition-and-Debias (PnD) method that uses a mixture of biases-specific experts to implicitly divide the bias space into multiple subspaces and a gating module to find a consensus among experts to achieve debiased classification. Experiments on both public and constructed benchmarks demonstrated the efficacy of the PnD. Code is available at: https://github.com/Jiaxuan-Li/PnD.
Efficient Multi-View Inverse Rendering Using a Hybrid Differentiable Rendering Method
Authors: Xiangyang Zhu, Yiling Pan, Bailin Deng, Bin Wang
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D geometry, Inverse Rendering

Recovering the shape and appearance of real-world objects from natural 2D images is a long-standing and challenging inverse rendering problem. In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid differentiable rendering method to efficiently reconstruct the 3D geometry and reflectance of a scene from multi-view images captured by conventional hand-held cameras. Our method follows an analysis-by-synthesis approach and consists of two phases. In the initialization phase, we use traditional SfM and MVS methods to reconstruct a virtual scene roughly matching the real scene. Then in the optimization phase, we adopt a hybrid approach to refine the geometry and reflectance, where the geometry is first optimized using an approximate differentiable rendering method, and the reflectance is optimized afterward using a physically-based differentiable rendering method. Our hybrid approach combines the efficiency of approximate methods with the high-quality results of physically-based methods. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate that our method can produce reconstructions with similar or higher quality than state-of-the-art methods while being more efficient.
AltNeRF: Learning Robust Neural Radiance Field via Alternating Depth-Pose Optimization
Authors: Kun Wang, Zhiqiang Yan, Huang Tian, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiang Li, Jun Li, Jian Yang
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Estimation, Monocular Depth Estimation, NeRF

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have shown promise in generating realistic novel views from sparse scene images. However, existing NeRF approaches often encounter challenges due to the lack of explicit 3D supervision and imprecise camera poses, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. To tackle these issues, we propose AltNeRF -- a novel framework designed to create resilient NeRF representations using self-supervised monocular depth estimation (SMDE) from monocular videos, without relying on known camera poses. SMDE in AltNeRF masterfully learns depth and pose priors to regulate NeRF training. The depth prior enriches NeRF's capacity for precise scene geometry depiction, while the pose prior provides a robust starting point for subsequent pose refinement. Moreover, we introduce an alternating algorithm that harmoniously melds NeRF outputs into SMDE through a consistence-driven mechanism, thus enhancing the integrity of depth priors. This alternation empowers AltNeRF to progressively refine NeRF representations, yielding the synthesis of realistic novel views. Extensive experiments showcase the compelling capabilities of AltNeRF in generating high-fidelity and robust novel views that closely resemble reality.
TTPOINT: A Tensorized Point Cloud Network for Lightweight Action Recognition with Event Cameras
Authors: Hongwei Ren, Yue Zhou, Haotian Fu, Yulong Huang, Renjing Xu, Bojun Cheng
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Recognition

Event cameras have gained popularity in computer vision due to their data sparsity, high dynamic range, and low latency. As a bio-inspired sensor, event cameras generate sparse and asynchronous data, which is inherently incompatible with the traditional frame-based method. Alternatively, the point-based method can avoid additional modality transformation and naturally adapt to the sparsity of events. Still, it typically cannot reach a comparable accuracy as the frame-based method. We propose a lightweight and generalized point cloud network called TTPOINT which achieves competitive results even compared to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) frame-based method in action recognition tasks while only using 1.5 % of the computational resources. The model is adept at abstracting local and global geometry by hierarchy structure. By leveraging tensor-train compressed feature extractors, TTPOINT can be designed with minimal parameters and computational complexity. Additionally, we developed a straightforward downsampling algorithm to maintain the spatio-temporal feature. In the experiment, TTPOINT emerged as the SOTA method on three datasets while also attaining SOTA among point cloud methods on all five datasets. Moreover, by using the tensor-train decomposition method, the accuracy of the proposed TTPOINT is almost unaffected while compressing the parameter size by 55 % in all five datasets.
AltDiffusion: A Multilingual Text-to-Image Diffusion Model
Authors: Fulong Ye, Guang Liu, Xinya Wu, Ledell Wu
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Blocking, Concept Alignment, Knowledge Distillation, model

Large Text-to-Image(T2I) diffusion models have shown a remarkable capability to produce photorealistic and diverse images based on text inputs. However, existing works only support limited language input, e.g., English, Chinese, and Japanese, leaving users beyond these languages underserved and blocking the global expansion of T2I models. Therefore, this paper presents AltDiffusion, a novel multilingual T2I diffusion model that supports eighteen different languages. Specifically, we first train a multilingual text encoder based on the knowledge distillation. Then we plug it into a pretrained English-only diffusion model and train the model with a two-stage schema to enhance the multilingual capability, including concept alignment and quality improvement stage on a large-scale multilingual dataset. Furthermore, we introduce a new benchmark, which includes Multilingual-General-18(MG-18) and Multilingual-Cultural-18(MC-18) datasets, to evaluate the capabilities of T2I diffusion models for generating high-quality images and capturing culture-specific concepts in different languages. Experimental results on both MG-18 and MC-18 demonstrate that AltDiffusion outperforms current state-of-the-art T2I models, e.g., Stable Diffusion in multilingual understanding, especially with respect to culture-specific concepts, while still having comparable capability for generating high-quality images. All source code and checkpoints could be found in https://github.com/superhero-7/AltDiffuson.
TSAR-MVS: Textureless-aware Segmentation and Correlative Refinement Guided Multi-View Stereo
Authors: Zhenlong Yuan, Jiakai Cao, Zhaoqi Wang, Zhaoxin Li
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, Depth Completion, Edge Detection, Line Detection, Segmentation, Superpixels

The reconstruction of textureless areas has long been a challenging problem in MVS due to lack of reliable pixel correspondences between images. In this paper, we propose the Textureless-aware Segmentation And Correlative Refinement guided Multi-View Stereo (TSAR-MVS), a novel method that effectively tackles challenges posed by textureless areas in 3D reconstruction through filtering, refinement and segmentation. First, we implement the joint hypothesis filtering, a technique that merges a confidence estimator with a disparity discontinuity detector to eliminate incorrect depth estimations. Second, to spread the pixels with confident depth, we introduce an iterative correlation refinement strategy that leverages RANSAC to generate 3D planes based on superpixels, succeeded by a weighted median filter for broadening the influence of accurately determined pixels. Finally, we present a textureless-aware segmentation method that leverages edge detection and line detection for accurately identify large textureless regions for further depth completion. Experiments on ETH3D, Tanks & Temples and Strecha datasets demonstrate the superior performance and strong generalization capability of our proposed method.
Prototypical Cross-domain Knowledge Transfer for Cervical Dysplasia Visual Inspection
Authors: Yichen Zhang, Yifang Yin, Ying Zhang, Zhenguang Liu, Zheng Wang, Roger Zimmermann
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Transfer Learning

Early detection of dysplasia of the cervix is critical for cervical cancer treatment. However, automatic cervical dysplasia diagnosis via visual inspection, which is more appropriate in low-resource settings, remains a challenging problem. Though promising results have been obtained by recent deep learning models, their performance is significantly hindered by the limited scale of the available cervix datasets. Distinct from previous methods that learn from a single dataset, we propose to leverage cross-domain cervical images that were collected in different but related clinical studies to improve the model's performance on the targeted cervix dataset. To robustly learn the transferable information across datasets, we propose a novel prototype-based knowledge filtering method to estimate the transferability of cross-domain samples. We further optimize the shared feature space by aligning the cross-domain image representations simultaneously on domain level with early alignment and class level with supervised contrastive learning, which endows model training and knowledge transfer with stronger robustness. The empirical results on three real-world benchmark cervical image datasets show that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art cervical dysplasia visual inspection by an absolute improvement of 4.7% in top-1 accuracy, 7.0% in precision, 1.4% in recall, 4.6% in F1 score, and 0.05 in ROC-AUC.
Breast Lesion Diagnosis Using Static Images and Dynamic Video
Authors: Yunwen Huang, Hongyu Hu, Ying Zhu, Yi Xu
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00

Deep learning based Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to treat breast ultrasound. Most of them focus on a single ultrasound imaging modality, either using representative static images or the dynamic video of a real-time scan. In fact, these two image modalities are complementary for lesion diagnosis. Dynamic videos provide detailed three-dimensional information about the lesion, while static images capture the typical sections of the lesion. In this work, we propose a multi-modality breast tumor diagnosis model to imitate the diagnosing process of radiologists, which learns the features of both static images and dynamic video and explores the potential relationship between the two modalities. Considering that static images are carefully selected by professional radiologists, we propose to aggregate dynamic video features under the guidance of domain knowledge from static images before fusing multi-modality features. Our work is validated on a breast ultrasound dataset composed of 897 sets of ultrasound images and videos. Experimental results show that our model boosts the performance of Benign/Malignant classification, achieving 90.0% in AUC and 81.7% in accuracy.
Whether you can locate or not? Interactive Referring Expression Generation
Authors: Fulong Ye, Yuxing Long, Fangxiang Feng, Xiaojie Wang
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Referring Expression, Referring Expression Comprehension, Referring expression generation

Referring Expression Generation (REG) aims to generate unambiguous Referring Expressions (REs) for objects in a visual scene, with a dual task of Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) to locate the referred object. Existing methods construct REG models independently by using only the REs as ground truth for model training, without considering the potential interaction between REG and REC models. In this paper, we propose an Interactive REG (IREG) model that can interact with a real REC model, utilizing signals indicating whether the object is located and the visual region located by the REC model to gradually modify REs. Our experimental results on three RE benchmark datasets, RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, and RefCOCOg show that IREG outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods on popular evaluation metrics. Furthermore, a human evaluation shows that IREG generates better REs with the capability of interaction.
DESOBAv2: Towards Large-scale Real-world Dataset for Shadow Generation
Authors: Qingyang Liu, Jianting Wang, Li Niu
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Shadow Detection

Image composition refers to inserting a foreground object into a background image to obtain a composite image. In this work, we focus on generating plausible shadow for the inserted foreground object to make the composite image more realistic. To supplement the existing small-scale dataset DESOBA, we create a large-scale dataset called DESOBAv2 by using object-shadow detection and inpainting techniques. Specifically, we collect a large number of outdoor scene images with object-shadow pairs. Then, we use pretrained inpainting model to inpaint the shadow region, resulting in the deshadowed images. Based on real images and deshadowed images, we can construct pairs of synthetic composite images and ground-truth target images. Dataset is available at https://github.com/bcmi/Object-Shadow-Generation-Dataset-DESOBAv2.
NeutrEx: A 3D Quality Component Measure on Facial Expression Neutrality
Authors: Marcel Grimmer, Christian Rathgeb, Raymond Veldhuis, Christoph Busch
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Face Reconstruction, Face Recognition, Face Reconstruction, Management

Accurate face recognition systems are increasingly important in sensitive applications like border control or migration management. Therefore, it becomes crucial to quantify the quality of facial images to ensure that low-quality images are not affecting recognition accuracy. In this context, the current draft of ISO/IEC 29794-5 introduces the concept of component quality to estimate how single factors of variation affect recognition outcomes. In this study, we propose a quality measure (NeutrEx) based on the accumulated distances of a 3D face reconstruction to a neutral expression anchor. Our evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method compared to baseline approaches obtained by training Support Vector Machines on face embeddings extracted from a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network for facial expression classification. Furthermore, we highlight the explainable nature of our NeutrEx measures by computing per-vertex distances to unveil the most impactful face regions and allow operators to give actionable feedback to subjects.
UniAP: Towards Universal Animal Perception in Vision via Few-shot Learning
Authors: Meiqi Sun, Zhonghan Zhao, Wenhao Chai, Hanjun Luo, Shidong Cao, Yanting Zhang, Jenq-Neng Hwang, Gaoang Wang
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Diversity, Few-Shot Learning, Pose Estimation

Animal visual perception is an important technique for automatically monitoring animal health, understanding animal behaviors, and assisting animal-related research. However, it is challenging to design a deep learning-based perception model that can freely adapt to different animals across various perception tasks, due to the varying poses of a large diversity of animals, lacking data on rare species, and the semantic inconsistency of different tasks. We introduce UniAP, a novel Universal Animal Perception model that leverages few-shot learning to enable cross-species perception among various visual tasks. Our proposed model takes support images and labels as prompt guidance for a query image. Images and labels are processed through a Transformer-based encoder and a lightweight label encoder, respectively. Then a matching module is designed for aggregating information between prompt guidance and the query image, followed by a multi-head label decoder to generate outputs for various tasks. By capitalizing on the shared visual characteristics among different animals and tasks, UniAP enables the transfer of knowledge from well-studied species to those with limited labeled data or even unseen species. We demonstrate the effectiveness of UniAP through comprehensive experiments in pose estimation, segmentation, and classification tasks on diverse animal species, showcasing its ability to generalize and adapt to new classes with minimal labeled examples.
Semantics Meets Temporal Correspondence: Self-supervised Object-centric Learning in Videos
Authors: Rui Qian, Shuangrui Ding, Xian Liu, Dahua Lin
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Object, Object Discovery, Semantic Segmentation

Self-supervised methods have shown remarkable progress in learning high-level semantics and low-level temporal correspondence. Building on these results, we take one step further and explore the possibility of integrating these two features to enhance object-centric representations. Our preliminary experiments indicate that query slot attention can extract different semantic components from the RGB feature map, while random sampling based slot attention can exploit temporal correspondence cues between frames to assist instance identification. Motivated by this, we propose a novel semantic-aware masked slot attention on top of the fused semantic features and correspondence maps. It comprises two slot attention stages with a set of shared learnable Gaussian distributions. In the first stage, we use the mean vectors as slot initialization to decompose potential semantics and generate semantic segmentation masks through iterative attention. In the second stage, for each semantics, we randomly sample slots from the corresponding Gaussian distribution and perform masked feature aggregation within the semantic area to exploit temporal correspondence patterns for instance identification. We adopt semantic- and instance-level temporal consistency as self-supervision to encourage temporally coherent object-centric representations. Our model effectively identifies multiple object instances with semantic structure, reaching promising results on unsupervised video object discovery. Furthermore, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on dense label propagation tasks, demonstrating the potential for object-centric analysis. The code is released at https://github.com/shvdiwnkozbw/SMTC.
Scene-Aware Feature Matching
Authors: Xiaoyong Lu, Yaping Yan, Tong Wei, Songlin Du
Date: 2023-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Homography Estimation, Pose Estimation, Representation Learning

Current feature matching methods focus on point-level matching, pursuing better representation learning of individual features, but lacking further understanding of the scene. This results in significant performance degradation when handling challenging scenes such as scenes with large viewpoint and illumination changes. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel model named SAM, which applies attentional grouping to guide Scene-Aware feature Matching. SAM handles multi-level features, i.e., image tokens and group tokens, with attention layers, and groups the image tokens with the proposed token grouping module. Our model can be trained by ground-truth matches only and produce reasonable grouping results. With the sense-aware grouping guidance, SAM is not only more accurate and robust but also more interpretable than conventional feature matching models. Sufficient experiments on various applications, including homography estimation, pose estimation, and image matching, demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance.