pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
MCM: Multi-condition Motion Synthesis Framework for Multi-scenario
Authors: Zeyu Ling, Bo Han, Yongkang Wong, Mohan Kangkanhalli, Weidong Geng
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Motion Generation, Motion Synthesis

The objective of the multi-condition human motion synthesis task is to incorporate diverse conditional inputs, encompassing various forms like text, music, speech, and more. This endows the task with the capability to adapt across multiple scenarios, ranging from text-to-motion and music-to-dance, among others. While existing research has primarily focused on single conditions, the multi-condition human motion generation remains underexplored. In this paper, we address these challenges by introducing MCM, a novel paradigm for motion synthesis that spans multiple scenarios under diverse conditions. The MCM framework is able to integrate with any DDPM-like diffusion model to accommodate multi-conditional information input while preserving its generative capabilities. Specifically, MCM employs two-branch architecture consisting of a main branch and a control branch. The control branch shares the same structure as the main branch and is initialized with the parameters of the main branch, effectively maintaining the generation ability of the main branch and supporting multi-condition input. We also introduce a Transformer-based diffusion model MWNet (DDPM-like) as our main branch that can capture the spatial complexity and inter-joint correlations in motion sequences through a channel-dimension self-attention module. Quantitative comparisons demonstrate that our approach achieves SoTA results in both text-to-motion and competitive results in music-to-dance tasks, comparable to task-specific methods. Furthermore, the qualitative evaluation shows that MCM not only streamlines the adaptation of methodologies originally designed for text-to-motion tasks to domains like music-to-dance and speech-to-gesture, eliminating the need for extensive network re-configurations but also enables effective multi-condition modal control, realizing "once trained is motion need".
SEAL: A Framework for Systematic Evaluation of Real-World Super-Resolution
Authors: Wenlong Zhang, Xiaohui Li, Xiangyu Chen, Yu Qiao, Xiao-Ming Wu, Chao Dong
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Super-Resolution

Real-world Super-Resolution (Real-SR) methods focus on dealing with diverse real-world images and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The key idea is to use a complex and high-order degradation model to mimic real-world degradations. Although they have achieved impressive results in various scenarios, they are faced with the obstacle of evaluation. Currently, these methods are only assessed by their average performance on a small set of degradation cases randomly selected from a large space, which fails to provide a comprehensive understanding of their overall performance and often yields inconsistent and potentially misleading results. To overcome the limitation in evaluation, we propose SEAL, a framework for systematic evaluation of real-SR. In particular, we cluster the extensive degradation space to create a set of representative degradation cases, which serves as a comprehensive test set. Next, we propose a coarse-to-fine evaluation protocol to measure the distributed and relative performance of real-SR methods on the test set. The protocol incorporates two new metrics: acceptance rate (AR) and relative performance ratio (RPR), derived from acceptance and excellence lines. Under SEAL, we benchmark existing real-SR methods, obtain new observations and insights into their performance, and develop a new strong baseline. We consider SEAL as the first step towards creating a comprehensive real-SR evaluation platform, which can promote the development of real-SR. The source code is available at https://github.com/XPixelGroup/SEAL
Sparse 3D Reconstruction via Object-Centric Ray Sampling
Authors: Llukman Cerkezi, Paolo Favaro
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Reconstruction, 3D Reconstruction, Object, Object Reconstruction

We propose a novel method for 3D object reconstruction from a sparse set of views captured from a 360-degree calibrated camera rig. We represent the object surface through a hybrid model that uses both an MLP-based neural representation and a triangle mesh. A key contribution in our work is a novel object-centric sampling scheme of the neural representation, where rays are shared among all views. This efficiently concentrates and reduces the number of samples used to update the neural model at each iteration. This sampling scheme relies on the mesh representation to ensure also that samples are well-distributed along its normals. The rendering is then performed efficiently by a differentiable renderer. We demonstrate that this sampling scheme results in a more effective training of the neural representation, does not require the additional supervision of segmentation masks, yields state of the art 3D reconstructions, and works with sparse views on the Google's Scanned Objects, Tank and Temples and MVMC Car datasets. Code available at: https://github.com/llukmancerkezi/ROSTER
Continual Evidential Deep Learning for Out-of-Distribution Detection
Authors: Eduardo Aguilar, Bogdan Raducanu, Petia Radeva, Joost Van de Weijer
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Continual Learning, Deep Learning, Out-of-Distribution Detection

Uncertainty-based deep learning models have attracted a great deal of interest for their ability to provide accurate and reliable predictions. Evidential deep learning stands out achieving remarkable performance in detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data with a single deterministic neural network. Motivated by this fact, in this paper we propose the integration of an evidential deep learning method into a continual learning framework in order to perform simultaneously incremental object classification and OOD detection. Moreover, we analyze the ability of vacuity and dissonance to differentiate between in-distribution data belonging to old classes and OOD data. The proposed method, called CEDL, is evaluated on CIFAR-100 considering two settings consisting of 5 and 10 tasks, respectively. From the obtained results, we could appreciate that the proposed method, in addition to provide comparable results in object classification with respect to the baseline, largely outperforms OOD detection compared to several posthoc methods on three evaluation metrics: AUROC, AUPR and FPR95.
FishMOT: A Simple and Effective Method for Fish Tracking Based on IoU Matching
Authors: Shuo Liu, Lulu Han, Xiaoyang Liu, Junli Ren, Fang Wang, YingLiu, Yuanshan Lin
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Fish Detection, Multi-Object Tracking, Multiple Object Tracking, Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Object Tracking

Fish tracking plays a vital role in understanding fish behavior and ecology. However, existing tracking methods face challenges in accuracy and robustness dues to morphological change of fish, occlusion and complex environment. This paper proposes FishMOT(Multiple Object Tracking for Fish), a novel fish tracking approach combining object detection and IoU matching, including basic module, interaction module and refind module. Wherein, a basic module performs target association based on IoU of detection boxes between successive frames to deal with morphological change of fish; an interaction module combines IoU of detection boxes and IoU of fish entity to handle occlusions; a refind module use spatio-temporal information uses spatio-temporal information to overcome the tracking failure resulting from the missed detection by the detector under complex environment. FishMOT reduces the computational complexity and memory consumption since it does not require complex feature extraction or identity assignment per fish, and does not need Kalman filter to predict the detection boxes of successive frame. Experimental results demonstrate FishMOT outperforms state-of-the-art multi-object trackers and specialized fish tracking tools in terms of MOTA, accuracy, computation time, memory consumption, etc.. Furthermore, the method exhibits excellent robustness and generalizability for varying environments and fish numbers. The simplified workflow and strong performance make FishMOT as a highly effective fish tracking approach. The source codes and pre-trained models are available at: https://github.com/gakkistar/FishMOT
Exploring Attention Mechanisms in Integration of Multi-Modal Information for Sign Language Recognition and Translation
Authors: Zaber Ibn Abdul Hakim, Rasman Mubtasim Swargo, Muhammad Abdullah Adnan
Date: 2023-09-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Optical Flow Estimation, Sign Language Recognition, Sign Language Translation, Translation

Understanding intricate and fast-paced movements of body parts is essential for the recognition and translation of sign language. The inclusion of additional information intended to identify and locate the moving body parts has been an interesting research topic recently. However, previous works on using multi-modal information raise concerns such as sub-optimal multi-modal feature merging method, or the model itself being too computationally heavy. In our work, we have addressed such issues and used a plugin module based on cross-attention to properly attend to each modality with another. Moreover, we utilized 2-stage training to remove the dependency of separate feature extractors for additional modalities in an end-to-end approach, which reduces the concern about computational complexity. Besides, our additional cross-attention plugin module is very lightweight which doesn't add significant computational overhead on top of the original baseline. We have evaluated the performance of our approaches on the RWTH-PHOENIX-2014 dataset for sign language recognition and the RWTH-PHOENIX-2014T dataset for the sign language translation task. Our approach reduced the WER by 0.9 on the recognition task and increased the BLEU-4 scores by 0.8 on the translation task.
Dynamic Hyperbolic Attention Network for Fine Hand-object Reconstruction
Authors: Zhiying Leng, Shun-Cheng Wu, Mahdi Saleh, Antonio Montanaro, Hao Yu, Yin Wang, Nassir Navab, Xiaohui Liang, Federico Tombari
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Object, Object Reconstruction

Reconstructing both objects and hands in 3D from a single RGB image is complex. Existing methods rely on manually defined hand-object constraints in Euclidean space, leading to suboptimal feature learning. Compared with Euclidean space, hyperbolic space better preserves the geometric properties of meshes thanks to its exponentially-growing space distance, which amplifies the differences between the features based on similarity. In this work, we propose the first precise hand-object reconstruction method in hyperbolic space, namely Dynamic Hyperbolic Attention Network (DHANet), which leverages intrinsic properties of hyperbolic space to learn representative features. Our method that projects mesh and image features into a unified hyperbolic space includes two modules, ie. dynamic hyperbolic graph convolution and image-attention hyperbolic graph convolution. With these two modules, our method learns mesh features with rich geometry-image multi-modal information and models better hand-object interaction. Our method provides a promising alternative for fine hand-object reconstruction in hyperbolic space. Extensive experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms most state-of-the-art methods.
Hierarchical-level rain image generative model based on GAN
Authors: Zhenyuan Liu, Tong Jia, Xingyu Xing, Jianfeng Wu, Junyi Chen
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Generative Adversarial Network, SSIM

Autonomous vehicles are exposed to various weather during operation, which is likely to trigger the performance limitations of the perception system, leading to the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) problems. To efficiently generate data for testing the performance of visual perception algorithms under various weather conditions, a hierarchical-level rain image generative model, rain conditional CycleGAN (RCCycleGAN), is constructed. RCCycleGAN is based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) and can generate images of light, medium, and heavy rain. Different rain intensities are introduced as labels in conditional GAN (CGAN). Meanwhile, the model structure is optimized and the training strategy is adjusted to alleviate the problem of mode collapse. In addition, natural rain images of different intensities are collected and processed for model training and validation. Compared with the two baseline models, CycleGAN and DerainCycleGAN, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of RCCycleGAN on the test dataset is improved by 2.58 dB and 0.74 dB, and the structural similarity (SSIM) is improved by 18% and 8%, respectively. The ablation experiments are also carried out to validate the effectiveness of the model tuning.
LuViRA Dataset Validation and Discussion: Comparing Vision, Radio, and Audio Sensors for Indoor Localization
Authors: Ilayda Yaman, Guoda Tian, Erik Tegler, Jens Gulin, Nikhil Challa, Fredrik Tufvesson, Ove Edfors, Kalle Astrom, Steffen Malkowsky, Liang Liu
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Indoor Localization, Sensor Fusion

We present a unique comparative analysis, and evaluation of vision, radio, and audio based localization algorithms. We create the first baseline for the aforementioned sensors using the recently published Lund University Vision, Radio, and Audio (LuViRA) dataset, where all the sensors are synchronized and measured in the same environment. Some of the challenges of using each specific sensor for indoor localization tasks are highlighted. Each sensor is paired with a current state-of-the-art localization algorithm and evaluated for different aspects: localization accuracy, reliability and sensitivity to environment changes, calibration requirements, and potential system complexity. Specifically, the evaluation covers the ORB-SLAM3 algorithm for vision-based localization with an RGB-D camera, a machine-learning algorithm for radio-based localization with massive MIMO technology, and the SFS2 algorithm for audio-based localization with distributed microphones. The results can serve as a guideline and basis for further development of robust and high-precision multi-sensory localization systems, e.g., through sensor fusion, context, and environment-aware adaptation.
A Non-Invasive Interpretable NAFLD Diagnostic Method Combining TCM Tongue Features
Authors: Shan Cao, Qunsheng Ruan, Qingfeng Wu, Weiqiang Lin
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, feature selection

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by hepatic steatosis resulting from the exclusion of alcohol and other identifiable liver-damaging factors. It has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, the conventional methods for NAFLD detection are expensive and not suitable for users to perform daily diagnostics. To address this issue, this study proposes a non-invasive and interpretable NAFLD diagnostic method, the required user-provided indicators are only Gender, Age, Height, Weight, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, and tongue image. This method involves merging patients' physiological indicators with tongue features, which are then input into a fusion network named SelectorNet. SelectorNet combines attention mechanisms with feature selection mechanisms, enabling it to autonomously learn the ability to select important features. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 77.22\% using only non-invasive data, and it also provides compelling interpretability matrices. This study contributes to the early diagnosis of NAFLD and the intelligent advancement of TCM tongue diagnosis. The project mentioned in this paper is currently publicly available.
Robust Visual Tracking by Motion Analyzing
Authors: Mohammed Leo, Kurban Ubul, ShengJie Cheng, Michael Ma
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Object Tracking, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Tensor Decomposition, Video Object Segmentation, Video Object Tracking, Video Semantic Segmentation, Visual Tracking

In recent years, Video Object Segmentation (VOS) has emerged as a complementary method to Video Object Tracking (VOT). VOS focuses on classifying all the pixels around the target, allowing for precise shape labeling, while VOT primarily focuses on the approximate region where the target might be. However, traditional segmentation modules usually classify pixels frame by frame, disregarding information between adjacent frames. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that addresses this limitation by analyzing the motion pattern using the inherent tensor structure. The tensor structure, obtained through Tucker2 tensor decomposition, proves to be effective in describing the target's motion. By incorporating this information, we achieved competitive results on Four benchmarks LaSOT\cite{fan2019lasot}, AVisT\cite{noman2022avist}, OTB100\cite{7001050}, and GOT-10k\cite{huang2019got} LaSOT\cite{fan2019lasot} with SOTA. Furthermore, the proposed tracker is capable of real-time operation, adding value to its practical application.
M3D-NCA: Robust 3D Segmentation with Built-in Quality Control
Authors: John Kalkhof, Anirban Mukhopadhyay
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Hippocampus, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Raspberry Pi 4, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Medical image segmentation relies heavily on large-scale deep learning models, such as UNet-based architectures. However, the real-world utility of such models is limited by their high computational requirements, which makes them impractical for resource-constrained environments such as primary care facilities and conflict zones. Furthermore, shifts in the imaging domain can render these models ineffective and even compromise patient safety if such errors go undetected. To address these challenges, we propose M3D-NCA, a novel methodology that leverages Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) segmentation for 3D medical images using n-level patchification. Moreover, we exploit the variance in M3D-NCA to develop a novel quality metric which can automatically detect errors in the segmentation process of NCAs. M3D-NCA outperforms the two magnitudes larger UNet models in hippocampus and prostate segmentation by 2% Dice and can be run on a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (2GB RAM). This highlights the potential of M3D-NCA as an effective and efficient alternative for medical image segmentation in resource-constrained environments.
Patched Line Segment Learning for Vector Road Mapping
Authors: Jiakun Xu, Bowen Xu, Gui-Song Xia, Liang Dong, Nan Xue
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
Tasks: GPU

This paper presents a novel approach to computing vector road maps from satellite remotely sensed images, building upon a well-defined Patched Line Segment (PaLiS) representation for road graphs that holds geometric significance. Unlike prevailing methods that derive road vector representations from satellite images using binary masks or keypoints, our method employs line segments. These segments not only convey road locations but also capture their orientations, making them a robust choice for representation. More precisely, given an input image, we divide it into non-overlapping patches and predict a suitable line segment within each patch. This strategy enables us to capture spatial and structural cues from these patch-based line segments, simplifying the process of constructing the road network graph without the necessity of additional neural networks for connectivity. In our experiments, we demonstrate how an effective representation of a road graph significantly enhances the performance of vector road mapping on established benchmarks, without requiring extensive modifications to the neural network architecture. Furthermore, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance with just 6 GPU hours of training, leading to a substantial 32-fold reduction in training costs in terms of GPU hours.
A Unified Framework for Discovering Discrete Symmetries
Authors: Pavan Karjol, Rohan Kashyap, Aditya Gopalan, Prathosh A. P
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00

We consider the problem of learning a function respecting a symmetry from among a class of symmetries. We develop a unified framework that enables symmetry discovery across a broad range of subgroups including locally symmetric, dihedral and cyclic subgroups. At the core of the framework is a novel architecture composed of linear, matrix-valued and non-linear functions that expresses functions invariant to these subgroups in a principled manner. The structure of the architecture enables us to leverage multi-armed bandit algorithms and gradient descent to efficiently optimize over the linear and the non-linear functions, respectively, and to infer the symmetry that is ultimately learnt. We also discuss the necessity of the matrix-valued functions in the architecture. Experiments on image-digit sum and polynomial regression tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Image Aesthetics Assessment via Learnable Queries
Authors: Zhiwei Xiong, Yunfan Zhang, Zhiqi Shen, Peiran Ren, Han Yu
Date: 2023-09-06 00:00:00

Image aesthetics assessment (IAA) aims to estimate the aesthetics of images. Depending on the content of an image, diverse criteria need to be selected to assess its aesthetics. Existing works utilize pre-trained vision backbones based on content knowledge to learn image aesthetics. However, training those backbones is time-consuming and suffers from attention dispersion. Inspired by learnable queries in vision-language alignment, we propose the Image Aesthetics Assessment via Learnable Queries (IAA-LQ) approach. It adapts learnable queries to extract aesthetic features from pre-trained image features obtained from a frozen image encoder. Extensive experiments on real-world data demonstrate the advantages of IAA-LQ, beating the best state-of-the-art method by 2.2% and 2.1% in terms of SRCC and PLCC, respectively.
An Empirical Analysis for Zero-Shot Multi-Label Classification on COVID-19 CT Scans and Uncurated Reports
Authors: Ethan Dack, Lorenzo Brigato, Matthew McMurray, Matthias Fontanellaz, Thomas Frauenfelder, Hanno Hoppe, Aristomenis Exadaktylos, Thomas Geiser, Manuela Funke-Chambour, Andreas Christe, Lukas Ebner, Stavroula Mougiakakou
Date: 2023-09-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Computed Tomography (CT), Medical Image Analysis, Multi-Label Classification, MUlTI-LABEL-ClASSIFICATION

The pandemic resulted in vast repositories of unstructured data, including radiology reports, due to increased medical examinations. Previous research on automated diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily focuses on X-ray images, despite their lower precision compared to computed tomography (CT) scans. In this work, we leverage unstructured data from a hospital and harness the fine-grained details offered by CT scans to perform zero-shot multi-label classification based on contrastive visual language learning. In collaboration with human experts, we investigate the effectiveness of multiple zero-shot models that aid radiologists in detecting pulmonary embolisms and identifying intricate lung details like ground glass opacities and consolidations. Our empirical analysis provides an overview of the possible solutions to target such fine-grained tasks, so far overlooked in the medical multimodal pretraining literature. Our investigation promises future advancements in the medical image analysis community by addressing some challenges associated with unstructured data and fine-grained multi-label classification.