pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Matryoshka Diffusion Models
Authors: Jiatao Gu, Shuangfei Zhai, Yizhe Zhang, Josh Susskind, Navdeep Jaitly
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Zero-shot Generalization

Diffusion models are the de facto approach for generating high-quality images and videos, but learning high-dimensional models remains a formidable task due to computational and optimization challenges. Existing methods often resort to training cascaded models in pixel space or using a downsampled latent space of a separately trained auto-encoder. In this paper, we introduce Matryoshka Diffusion Models(MDM), an end-to-end framework for high-resolution image and video synthesis. We propose a diffusion process that denoises inputs at multiple resolutions jointly and uses a NestedUNet architecture where features and parameters for small-scale inputs are nested within those of large scales. In addition, MDM enables a progressive training schedule from lower to higher resolutions, which leads to significant improvements in optimization for high-resolution generation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on various benchmarks, including class-conditioned image generation, high-resolution text-to-image, and text-to-video applications. Remarkably, we can train a single pixel-space model at resolutions of up to 1024x1024 pixels, demonstrating strong zero-shot generalization using the CC12M dataset, which contains only 12 million images. Our code is released at https://github.com/apple/ml-mdm
Zero123++: a Single Image to Consistent Multi-view Diffusion Base Model
Authors: Ruoxi Shi, Hansheng Chen, Zhuoyang Zhang, Minghua Liu, Chao Xu, Xinyue Wei, Linghao Chen, Chong Zeng, Hao Su
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00

We report Zero123++, an image-conditioned diffusion model for generating 3D-consistent multi-view images from a single input view. To take full advantage of pretrained 2D generative priors, we develop various conditioning and training schemes to minimize the effort of finetuning from off-the-shelf image diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion. Zero123++ excels in producing high-quality, consistent multi-view images from a single image, overcoming common issues like texture degradation and geometric misalignment. Furthermore, we showcase the feasibility of training a ControlNet on Zero123++ for enhanced control over the generation process. The code is available at https://github.com/SUDO-AI-3D/zero123plus.
On the Detection of Image-Scaling Attacks in Machine Learning
Authors: Erwin Quiring, Andreas Müller, Konrad Rieck
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00

Image scaling is an integral part of machine learning and computer vision systems. Unfortunately, this preprocessing step is vulnerable to so-called image-scaling attacks where an attacker makes unnoticeable changes to an image so that it becomes a new image after scaling. This opens up new ways for attackers to control the prediction or to improve poisoning and backdoor attacks. While effective techniques exist to prevent scaling attacks, their detection has not been rigorously studied yet. Consequently, it is currently not possible to reliably spot these attacks in practice. This paper presents the first in-depth systematization and analysis of detection methods for image-scaling attacks. We identify two general detection paradigms and derive novel methods from them that are simple in design yet significantly outperform previous work. We demonstrate the efficacy of these methods in a comprehensive evaluation with all major learning platforms and scaling algorithms. First, we show that image-scaling attacks modifying the entire scaled image can be reliably detected even under an adaptive adversary. Second, we find that our methods provide strong detection performance even if only minor parts of the image are manipulated. As a result, we can introduce a novel protection layer against image-scaling attacks.
E4S: Fine-grained Face Swapping via Editing With Regional GAN Inversion
Authors: Maomao Li, Ge Yuan, Cairong Wang, Zhian Liu, Yong Zhang, Yongwei Nie, Jue Wang, Dong Xu
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Disentanglement, Face Swapping, Facial Editing, Facial Inpainting, Fine-Grained Facial Editing

This paper proposes a novel approach to face swapping from the perspective of fine-grained facial editing, dubbed "editing for swapping" (E4S). The traditional face swapping methods rely on global feature extraction and fail to preserve the detailed source identity. In contrast, we propose a Regional GAN Inversion (RGI) method, which allows the explicit disentanglement of shape and texture. Specifically, our E4S performs face swapping in the latent space of a pretrained StyleGAN, where a multi-scale mask-guided encoder is applied to project the texture of each facial component into regional style codes and a mask-guided injection module manipulating feature maps with the style codes. Based on this disentanglement, face swapping can be simplified as style and mask swapping. Besides, due to the large lighting condition gap, transferring the source skin into the target image may lead to disharmony lighting. We propose a re-coloring network to make the swapped face maintain the target lighting condition while preserving the source skin. Further, to deal with the potential mismatch areas during mask exchange, we design a face inpainting module to refine the face shape. The extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that our E4S outperforms existing methods in preserving texture, shape, and lighting. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/e4s2024/E4S2024.
RD-VIO: Robust Visual-Inertial Odometry for Mobile Augmented Reality in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Jinyu Li, Xiaokun Pan, Gan Huang, Ziyang Zhang, Nan Wang, Hujun Bao, Guofeng Zhang
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00

It is typically challenging for visual or visual-inertial odometry systems to handle the problems of dynamic scenes and pure rotation. In this work, we design a novel visual-inertial odometry (VIO) system called RD-VIO to handle both of these two problems. Firstly, we propose an IMU-PARSAC algorithm which can robustly detect and match keypoints in a two-stage process. In the first state, landmarks are matched with new keypoints using visual and IMU measurements. We collect statistical information from the matching and then guide the intra-keypoint matching in the second stage. Secondly, to handle the problem of pure rotation, we detect the motion type and adapt the deferred-triangulation technique during the data-association process. We make the pure-rotational frames into the special subframes. When solving the visual-inertial bundle adjustment, they provide additional constraints to the pure-rotational motion. We evaluate the proposed VIO system on public datasets and online comparison. Experiments show the proposed RD-VIO has obvious advantages over other methods in dynamic environments. The source code is available at: \href{https://github.com/openxrlab/xrslam}{{\fontfamily{pcr}\selectfont https://github.com/openxrlab/xrslam}}.
Localizing Active Objects from Egocentric Vision with Symbolic World Knowledge
Authors: Te-Lin Wu, Yu Zhou, Nanyun Peng
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Phrase Grounding, World Knowledge

The ability to actively ground task instructions from an egocentric view is crucial for AI agents to accomplish tasks or assist humans virtually. One important step towards this goal is to localize and track key active objects that undergo major state change as a consequence of human actions/interactions to the environment without being told exactly what/where to ground (e.g., localizing and tracking the `sponge` in video from the instruction "Dip the `sponge` into the bucket."). While existing works approach this problem from a pure vision perspective, we investigate to which extent the textual modality (i.e., task instructions) and their interaction with visual modality can be beneficial. Specifically, we propose to improve phrase grounding models' ability on localizing the active objects by: (1) learning the role of `objects undergoing change` and extracting them accurately from the instructions, (2) leveraging pre- and post-conditions of the objects during actions, and (3) recognizing the objects more robustly with descriptional knowledge. We leverage large language models (LLMs) to extract the aforementioned action-object knowledge, and design a per-object aggregation masking technique to effectively perform joint inference on object phrases and symbolic knowledge. We evaluate our framework on Ego4D and Epic-Kitchens datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, which leads to>54% improvements in all standard metrics on the TREK-150-OPE-Det localization + tracking task, >7% improvements in all standard metrics on the TREK-150-OPE tracking task, and >3% improvements in average precision (AP) on the Ego4D SCOD task.
DREAM+: Efficient Dataset Distillation by Bidirectional Representative Matching
Authors: Yanqing Liu, Jianyang Gu, Kai Wang, Zheng Zhu, Kaipeng Zhang, Wei Jiang, Yang You
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Dataset Distillation, Transfer Learning

Dataset distillation plays a crucial role in creating compact datasets with similar training performance compared with original large-scale ones. This is essential for addressing the challenges of data storage and training costs. Prevalent methods facilitate knowledge transfer by matching the gradients, embedding distributions, or training trajectories of synthetic images with those of the sampled original images. Although there are various matching objectives, currently the strategy for selecting original images is limited to naive random sampling. We argue that random sampling overlooks the evenness of the selected sample distribution, which may result in noisy or biased matching targets. Besides, the sample diversity is also not constrained by random sampling. Additionally, current methods predominantly focus on single-dimensional matching, where information is not fully utilized. To address these challenges, we propose a novel matching strategy called Dataset Distillation by Bidirectional REpresentAtive Matching (DREAM+), which selects representative original images for bidirectional matching. DREAM+ is applicable to a variety of mainstream dataset distillation frameworks and significantly reduces the number of distillation iterations by more than 15 times without affecting performance. Given sufficient training time, DREAM+ can further improve the performance and achieve state-of-the-art results. We have released the code at github.com/NUS-HPC-AI-Lab/DREAM+.
CalibrationPhys: Self-supervised Video-based Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements by Calibrating Between Multiple Cameras
Authors: Yusuke Akamatsu, Terumi Umematsu, Hitoshi Imaoka
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Data Augmentation

Video-based heart and respiratory rate measurements using facial videos are more useful and user-friendly than traditional contact-based sensors. However, most of the current deep learning approaches require ground-truth pulse and respiratory waves for model training, which are expensive to collect. In this paper, we propose CalibrationPhys, a self-supervised video-based heart and respiratory rate measurement method that calibrates between multiple cameras. CalibrationPhys trains deep learning models without supervised labels by using facial videos captured simultaneously by multiple cameras. Contrastive learning is performed so that the pulse and respiratory waves predicted from the synchronized videos using multiple cameras are positive and those from different videos are negative. CalibrationPhys also improves the robustness of the models by means of a data augmentation technique and successfully leverages a pre-trained model for a particular camera. Experimental results utilizing two datasets demonstrate that CalibrationPhys outperforms state-of-the-art heart and respiratory rate measurement methods. Since we optimize camera-specific models using only videos from multiple cameras, our approach makes it easy to use arbitrary cameras for heart and respiratory rate measurements.
Manipulation Mask Generator: High-Quality Image Manipulation Mask Generation Method Based on Modified Total Variation Noise Reduction
Authors: Xinyu Yang, Jizhe Zhou
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Manipulation

In artificial intelligence, any model that wants to achieve a good result is inseparable from a large number of high-quality data. It is especially true in the field of tamper detection. This paper proposes a modified total variation noise reduction method to acquire high-quality tampered images. We automatically crawl original and tampered images from the Baidu PS Bar. Baidu PS Bar is a website where net friends post countless tampered images. Subtracting the original image with the tampered image can highlight the tampered area. However, there is also substantial noise on the final print, so these images can't be directly used in the deep learning model. Our modified total variation noise reduction method is aimed at solving this problem. Because a lot of text is slender, it is easy to lose text information after the opening and closing operation. We use MSER (Maximally Stable Extremal Regions) and NMS (Non-maximum Suppression) technology to extract text information. And then use the modified total variation noise reduction technology to process the subtracted image. Finally, we can obtain an image with little noise by adding the image and text information. And the idea also largely retains the text information. Datasets generated in this way can be used in deep learning models, and they will help the model achieve better results.
P2AT: Pyramid Pooling Axial Transformer for Real-time Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Mohammed A. M. Elhassan, Changjun Zhou, Amina Benabid, Abuzar B. M. Adam
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Decoder, feature selection, Real-Time Semantic Segmentation, Scene Understanding, Semantic Segmentation

Recently, Transformer-based models have achieved promising results in various vision tasks, due to their ability to model long-range dependencies. However, transformers are computationally expensive, which limits their applications in real-time tasks such as autonomous driving. In addition, an efficient local and global feature selection and fusion are vital for accurate dense prediction, especially driving scene understanding tasks. In this paper, we propose a real-time semantic segmentation architecture named Pyramid Pooling Axial Transformer (P2AT). The proposed P2AT takes a coarse feature from the CNN encoder to produce scale-aware contextual features, which are then combined with the multi-level feature aggregation scheme to produce enhanced contextual features. Specifically, we introduce a pyramid pooling axial transformer to capture intricate spatial and channel dependencies, leading to improved performance on semantic segmentation. Then, we design a Bidirectional Fusion module (BiF) to combine semantic information at different levels. Meanwhile, a Global Context Enhancer is introduced to compensate for the inadequacy of concatenating different semantic levels. Finally, a decoder block is proposed to help maintain a larger receptive field. We evaluate P2AT variants on three challenging scene-understanding datasets. In particular, our P2AT variants achieve state-of-art results on the Camvid dataset 80.5%, 81.0%, 81.1% for P2AT-S, P2ATM, and P2AT-L, respectively. Furthermore, our experiment on Cityscapes and Pascal VOC 2012 have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed architecture, with results showing that P2AT-M, achieves 78.7% on Cityscapes. The source code will be available at
SONIC: Sonar Image Correspondence using Pose Supervised Learning for Imaging Sonars
Authors: Samiran Gode, Akshay Hinduja, Michael Kaess
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of data association for underwater SLAM through a novel method for sonar image correspondence using learned features. We introduce SONIC (SONar Image Correspondence), a pose-supervised network designed to yield robust feature correspondence capable of withstanding viewpoint variations. The inherent complexity of the underwater environment stems from the dynamic and frequently limited visibility conditions, restricting vision to a few meters of often featureless expanses. This makes camera-based systems suboptimal in most open water application scenarios. Consequently, multibeam imaging sonars emerge as the preferred choice for perception sensors. However, they too are not without their limitations. While imaging sonars offer superior long-range visibility compared to cameras, their measurements can appear different from varying viewpoints. This inherent variability presents formidable challenges in data association, particularly for feature-based methods. Our method demonstrates significantly better performance in generating correspondences for sonar images which will pave the way for more accurate loop closure constraints and sonar-based place recognition. Code as well as simulated and real-world datasets will be made public to facilitate further development in the field.
Wonder3D: Single Image to 3D using Cross-Domain Diffusion
Authors: Xiaoxiao Long, Yuan-Chen Guo, Cheng Lin, YuAn Liu, Zhiyang Dou, Lingjie Liu, Yuexin Ma, Song-Hai Zhang, Marc Habermann, Christian Theobalt, Wenping Wang
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: 3D geometry, Image to 3D, Single-View 3D Reconstruction

In this work, we introduce Wonder3D, a novel method for efficiently generating high-fidelity textured meshes from single-view images.Recent methods based on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) have shown the potential to recover 3D geometry from 2D diffusion priors, but they typically suffer from time-consuming per-shape optimization and inconsistent geometry. In contrast, certain works directly produce 3D information via fast network inferences, but their results are often of low quality and lack geometric details. To holistically improve the quality, consistency, and efficiency of image-to-3D tasks, we propose a cross-domain diffusion model that generates multi-view normal maps and the corresponding color images. To ensure consistency, we employ a multi-view cross-domain attention mechanism that facilitates information exchange across views and modalities. Lastly, we introduce a geometry-aware normal fusion algorithm that extracts high-quality surfaces from the multi-view 2D representations. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that our method achieves high-quality reconstruction results, robust generalization, and reasonably good efficiency compared to prior works.
StenUNet: Automatic Stenosis Detection from X-ray Coronary Angiography
Authors: Hui Lin, Tom Liu, Aggelos Katsaggelos, Adrienne Kline
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Stenosis Segmentation

Coronary angiography continues to serve as the primary method for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the leading global cause of mortality. The severity of CAD is quantified by the location, degree of narrowing (stenosis), and number of arteries involved. In current practice, this quantification is performed manually using visual inspection and thus suffers from poor inter- and intra-rater reliability. The MICCAI grand challenge: Automatic Region-based Coronary Artery Disease diagnostics using the X-ray angiography imagEs (ARCADE) curated a dataset with stenosis annotations, with the goal of creating an automated stenosis detection algorithm. Using a combination of machine learning and other computer vision techniques, we propose the architecture and algorithm StenUNet to accurately detect stenosis from X-ray Coronary Angiography. Our submission to the ARCADE challenge placed 3rd among all teams. We achieved an F1 score of 0.5348 on the test set, 0.0005 lower than the 2nd place.
Learning Real-World Image De-Weathering with Imperfect Supervision
Authors: Xiaohui Liu, Zhilu Zhang, Xiaohe Wu, Chaoyu Feng, Xiaotao Wang, Lei Lei, WangMeng Zuo
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Pseudo Label

Real-world image de-weathering aims at removing various undesirable weather-related artifacts. Owing to the impossibility of capturing image pairs concurrently, existing real-world de-weathering datasets often exhibit inconsistent illumination, position, and textures between the ground-truth images and the input degraded images, resulting in imperfect supervision. Such non-ideal supervision negatively affects the training process of learning-based de-weathering methods. In this work, we attempt to address the problem with a unified solution for various inconsistencies. Specifically, inspired by information bottleneck theory, we first develop a Consistent Label Constructor (CLC) to generate a pseudo-label as consistent as possible with the input degraded image while removing most weather-related degradations. In particular, multiple adjacent frames of the current input are also fed into CLC to enhance the pseudo-label. Then we combine the original imperfect labels and pseudo-labels to jointly supervise the de-weathering model by the proposed Information Allocation Strategy (IAS). During testing, only the de-weathering model is used for inference. Experiments on two real-world de-weathering datasets show that our method helps existing de-weathering models achieve better performance. Codes are available at https://github.com/1180300419/imperfect-deweathering.
Robust Depth Linear Error Decomposition with Double Total Variation and Nuclear Norm for Dynamic MRI Reconstruction
Authors: Junpeng Tan, Chunmei Qing, Xiangmin Xu
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: compressed sensing, MRI Reconstruction

Compressed Sensing (CS) significantly speeds up Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) processing and achieves accurate MRI reconstruction from under-sampled k-space data. According to the current research, there are still several problems with dynamic MRI k-space reconstruction based on CS. 1) There are differences between the Fourier domain and the Image domain, and the differences between MRI processing of different domains need to be considered. 2) As three-dimensional data, dynamic MRI has its spatial-temporal characteristics, which need to calculate the difference and consistency of surface textures while preserving structural integrity and uniqueness. 3) Dynamic MRI reconstruction is time-consuming and computationally resource-dependent. In this paper, we propose a novel robust low-rank dynamic MRI reconstruction optimization model via highly under-sampled and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) called the Robust Depth Linear Error Decomposition Model (RDLEDM). Our method mainly includes linear decomposition, double Total Variation (TV), and double Nuclear Norm (NN) regularizations. By adding linear image domain error analysis, the noise is reduced after under-sampled and DFT processing, and the anti-interference ability of the algorithm is enhanced. Double TV and NN regularizations can utilize both spatial-temporal characteristics and explore the complementary relationship between different dimensions in dynamic MRI sequences. In addition, Due to the non-smoothness and non-convexity of TV and NN terms, it is difficult to optimize the unified objective model. To address this issue, we utilize a fast algorithm by solving a primal-dual form of the original problem. Compared with five state-of-the-art methods, extensive experiments on dynamic MRI data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of both reconstruction accuracy and time complexity.