pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
ZJU ReLER Submission for EPIC-KITCHEN Challenge 2023: Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Jiahao Li, Yuanyou Xu, Zongxin Yang, Yi Yang, Yueting Zhuang
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Object, Position, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation, Video Object Segmentation, Video Semantic Segmentation

The Associating Objects with Transformers (AOT) framework has exhibited exceptional performance in a wide range of complex scenarios for video object segmentation. In this study, we introduce MSDeAOT, a variant of the AOT series that incorporates transformers at multiple feature scales. Leveraging the hierarchical Gated Propagation Module (GPM), MSDeAOT efficiently propagates object masks from previous frames to the current frame using a feature scale with a stride of 16. Additionally, we employ GPM in a more refined feature scale with a stride of 8, leading to improved accuracy in detecting and tracking small objects. Through the implementation of test-time augmentations and model ensemble techniques, we achieve the top-ranking position in the EPIC-KITCHEN VISOR Semi-supervised Video Object Segmentation Challenge.
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection with Graph Interaction
Authors: Chenglong Liu
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Change Detection, Computational Efficiency

Modern remote sensing image change detection has witnessed substantial advancements by harnessing the potent feature extraction capabilities of CNNs and Transforms.Yet,prevailing change detection techniques consistently prioritize extracting semantic features related to significant alterations,overlooking the viability of directly interacting with bitemporal image features.In this letter,we propose a bitemporal image graph Interaction network for remote sensing change detection,namely BGINet-CD. More specifically,by leveraging the concept of non-local operations and mapping the features obtained from the backbone network to the graph structure space,we propose a unified self-focus mechanism for bitemporal images.This approach enhances the information coupling between the two temporal images while effectively suppressing task-irrelevant interference,Based on a streamlined backbone architecture,namely ResNet18,our model demonstrates superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods (SOTA) on the GZ CD dataset. Moreover,the model exhibits an enhanced trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency,further improving its overall effectiveness
Multi-Modal Prototypes for Open-World Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Yuhuan Yang, Chaofan Ma, Chen Ju, Fei Zhang, Jiangchao Yao, Ya zhang, Yanfeng Wang
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In semantic segmentation, generalizing a visual system to both seen categories and novel categories at inference time has always been practically valuable yet challenging. To enable such functionality, existing methods mainly rely on either providing several support demonstrations from the visual aspect or characterizing the informative clues from the textual aspect (e.g., the class names). Nevertheless, both two lines neglect the complementary intrinsic of low-level visual and high-level language information, while the explorations that consider visual and textual modalities as a whole to promote predictions are still limited. To close this gap, we propose to encompass textual and visual clues as multi-modal prototypes to allow more comprehensive support for open-world semantic segmentation, and build a novel prototype-based segmentation framework to realize this promise. To be specific, unlike the straightforward combination of bi-modal clues, we decompose the high-level language information as multi-aspect prototypes and aggregate the low-level visual information as more semantic prototypes, on basis of which, a fine-grained complementary fusion makes the multi-modal prototypes more powerful and accurate to promote the prediction. Based on an elastic mask prediction module that permits any number and form of prototype inputs, we are able to solve the zero-shot, few-shot and generalized counterpart tasks in one architecture. Extensive experiments on both PASCAL-$5^i$ and COCO-$20^i$ datasets show the consistent superiority of the proposed method compared with the previous state-of-the-art approaches, and a range of ablation studies thoroughly dissects each component in our framework both quantitatively and qualitatively that verify their effectiveness.
Distilling Missing Modality Knowledge from Ultrasound for Endometriosis Diagnosis with Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Hu Wang, David Butler, Minh-Son To, Jodie Avery, M Louise Hull, Gustavo Carneiro
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Knowledge Distillation

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disorder that has many characteristics, including the pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration, which can be diagnosed using Transvaginal gynecological ultrasound (TVUS) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TVUS and MRI are complementary non-invasive endometriosis diagnosis imaging techniques, but patients are usually not scanned using both modalities and, it is generally more challenging to detect POD obliteration from MRI than TVUS. To mitigate this classification imbalance, we propose in this paper a knowledge distillation training algorithm to improve the POD obliteration detection from MRI by leveraging the detection results from unpaired TVUS data. More specifically, our algorithm pre-trains a teacher model to detect POD obliteration from TVUS data, and it also pre-trains a student model with 3D masked auto-encoder using a large amount of unlabelled pelvic 3D MRI volumes. Next, we distill the knowledge from the teacher TVUS POD obliteration detector to train the student MRI model by minimizing a regression loss that approximates the output of the student to the teacher using unpaired TVUS and MRI data. Experimental results on our endometriosis dataset containing TVUS and MRI data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method to improve the POD detection accuracy from MRI.
Zero-Shot Neural Architecture Search: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities
Authors: Guihong Li, Duc Hoang, Kartikeya Bhardwaj, Ming Lin, Zhangyang Wang, Radu Marculescu
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Neural Architecture Search

Recently, zero-shot (or training-free) Neural Architecture Search (NAS) approaches have been proposed to liberate NAS from the expensive training process. The key idea behind zero-shot NAS approaches is to design proxies that can predict the accuracy of some given networks without training the network parameters. The proxies proposed so far are usually inspired by recent progress in theoretical understanding of deep learning and have shown great potential on several datasets and NAS benchmarks. This paper aims to comprehensively review and compare the state-of-the-art (SOTA) zero-shot NAS approaches, with an emphasis on their hardware awareness. To this end, we first review the mainstream zero-shot proxies and discuss their theoretical underpinnings. We then compare these zero-shot proxies through large-scale experiments and demonstrate their effectiveness in both hardware-aware and hardware-oblivious NAS scenarios. Finally, we point out several promising ideas to design better proxies. Our source code and the list of related papers are available on https://github.com/SLDGroup/survey-zero-shot-nas.
Unsupervised Spectral Demosaicing with Lightweight Spectral Attention Networks
Authors: Kai Feng, Yongqiang Zhao, Seong G. Kong, Haijin Zeng
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Demosaicking

This paper presents a deep learning-based spectral demosaicing technique trained in an unsupervised manner. Many existing deep learning-based techniques relying on supervised learning with synthetic images, often underperform on real-world images especially when the number of spectral bands increases. According to the characteristics of the spectral mosaic image, this paper proposes a mosaic loss function, the corresponding model structure, a transformation strategy, and an early stopping strategy, which form a complete unsupervised spectral demosaicing framework. A challenge in real-world spectral demosaicing is inconsistency between the model parameters and the computational resources of the imager. We reduce the complexity and parameters of the spectral attention module by dividing the spectral attention tensor into spectral attention matrices in the spatial dimension and spectral attention vector in the channel dimension, which is more suitable for unsupervised framework. This paper also presents Mosaic25, a real 25-band hyperspectral mosaic image dataset of various objects, illuminations, and materials for benchmarking. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional unsupervised methods in terms of spatial distortion suppression, spectral fidelity, robustness, and computational cost.
Task-Specific Alignment and Multiple Level Transformer for Few-Shot Action Recognition
Authors: Fei Guo, Li Zhu, YiWang Wang, Jing Sun
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Action Recognition, Few-Shot action recognition, Few Shot Action Recognition, Few-Shot Learning

In the research field of few-shot learning, the main difference between image-based and video-based is the additional temporal dimension. In recent years, some works have used the Transformer to deal with frames, then get the attention feature and the enhanced prototype, and the results are competitive. However, some video frames may relate little to the action, and only using single frame-level or segment-level features may not mine enough information. We address these problems sequentially through an end-to-end method named "Task-Specific Alignment and Multiple-level Transformer Network (TSA-MLT)". The first module (TSA) aims at filtering the action-irrelevant frames for action duration alignment. Affine Transformation for frame sequence in the time dimension is used for linear sampling. The second module (MLT) focuses on the Multiple-level feature of the support prototype and query sample to mine more information for the alignment, which operates on different level features. We adopt a fusion loss according to a fusion distance that fuses the L2 sequence distance, which focuses on temporal order alignment, and the Optimal Transport distance, which focuses on measuring the gap between the appearance and semantics of the videos. Extensive experiments show our method achieves state-of-the-art results on the HMDB51 and UCF101 datasets and a competitive result on the benchmark of Kinetics and something 2-something V2 datasets. Our code is available at the URL: https://github.com/cofly2014/tsa-mlt.git
A ChatGPT Aided Explainable Framework for Zero-Shot Medical Image Diagnosis
Authors: Jiaxiang Liu, Tianxiang Hu, Yan Zhang, Xiaotang Gai, Yang Feng, Zuozhu Liu
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Diagnostic, image-classification, Image Classification, Medical Image Classification

Zero-shot medical image classification is a critical process in real-world scenarios where we have limited access to all possible diseases or large-scale annotated data. It involves computing similarity scores between a query medical image and possible disease categories to determine the diagnostic result. Recent advances in pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP have shown great performance for zero-shot natural image recognition and exhibit benefits in medical applications. However, an explainable zero-shot medical image recognition framework with promising performance is yet under development. In this paper, we propose a novel CLIP-based zero-shot medical image classification framework supplemented with ChatGPT for explainable diagnosis, mimicking the diagnostic process performed by human experts. The key idea is to query large language models (LLMs) with category names to automatically generate additional cues and knowledge, such as disease symptoms or descriptions other than a single category name, to help provide more accurate and explainable diagnosis in CLIP. We further design specific prompts to enhance the quality of generated texts by ChatGPT that describe visual medical features. Extensive results on one private dataset and four public datasets along with detailed analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and explainability of our training-free zero-shot diagnosis pipeline, corroborating the great potential of VLMs and LLMs for medical applications.
ToothSegNet: Image Degradation meets Tooth Segmentation in CBCT Images
Authors: Jiaxiang Liu, Tianxiang Hu, Yang Feng, Wanghui Ding, Zuozhu Liu
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In computer-assisted orthodontics, three-dimensional tooth models are required for many medical treatments. Tooth segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is a crucial step in constructing the models. However, CBCT image quality problems such as metal artifacts and blurring caused by shooting equipment and patients' dental conditions make the segmentation difficult. In this paper, we propose ToothSegNet, a new framework which acquaints the segmentation model with generated degraded images during training. ToothSegNet merges the information of high and low quality images from the designed degradation simulation module using channel-wise cross fusion to reduce the semantic gap between encoder and decoder, and also refines the shape of tooth prediction through a structural constraint loss. Experimental results suggest that ToothSegNet produces more precise segmentation and outperforms the state-of-the-art medical image segmentation methods.
Multimodal Prompt Learning for Product Title Generation with Extremely Limited Labels
Authors: Bang Yang, Fenglin Liu, Zheng Li, Qingyu Yin, Chenyu You, Bing Yin, Yuexian Zou
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Captioning, Prompt Learning, Text Generation

Generating an informative and attractive title for the product is a crucial task for e-commerce. Most existing works follow the standard multimodal natural language generation approaches, e.g., image captioning, and employ the large scale of human-labelled datasets to train desirable models. However, for novel products, especially in a different domain, there are few existing labelled data. In this paper, we propose a prompt-based approach, i.e., the Multimodal Prompt Learning framework, to accurately and efficiently generate titles for novel products with limited labels. We observe that the core challenges of novel product title generation are the understanding of novel product characteristics and the generation of titles in a novel writing style. To this end, we build a set of multimodal prompts from different modalities to preserve the corresponding characteristics and writing styles of novel products. As a result, with extremely limited labels for training, the proposed method can retrieve the multimodal prompts to generate desirable titles for novel products. The experiments and analyses are conducted on five novel product categories under both the in-domain and out-of-domain experimental settings. The results show that, with only 1% of downstream labelled data for training, our proposed approach achieves the best few-shot results and even achieves competitive results with fully-supervised methods trained on 100% of training data; With the full labelled data for training, our method achieves state-of-the-art results.
Muti-scale Graph Neural Network with Signed-attention for Social Bot Detection: A Frequency Perspective
Authors: Shuhao Shi, Kai Qiao, Zhengyan Wang, Jie Yang, Baojie Song, Jian Chen, Bin Yan
Date: 2023-07-05 00:00:00
Tasks: Graph Neural Network

The presence of a large number of bots on social media has adverse effects. The graph neural network (GNN) can effectively leverage the social relationships between users and achieve excellent results in detecting bots. Recently, more and more GNN-based methods have been proposed for bot detection. However, the existing GNN-based bot detection methods only focus on low-frequency information and seldom consider high-frequency information, which limits the representation ability of the model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Multi-scale with Signed-attention Graph Filter for social bot detection called MSGS. MSGS could effectively utilize both high and low-frequency information in the social graph. Specifically, MSGS utilizes a multi-scale structure to produce representation vectors at different scales. These representations are then combined using a signed-attention mechanism. Finally, multi-scale representations via MLP after polymerization to produce the final result. We analyze the frequency response and demonstrate that MSGS is a more flexible and expressive adaptive graph filter. MSGS can effectively utilize high-frequency information to alleviate the over-smoothing problem of deep GNNs. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method achieves better performance compared with several state-of-the-art social bot detection methods.
Hybrid Neural Diffeomorphic Flow for Shape Representation and Generation via Triplane
Authors: Kun Han, Shanlin Sun, Xiaohui Xie
Date: 2023-07-04 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Shape Generation, 3D Shape Representation, Organ Segmentation

Deep Implicit Functions (DIFs) have gained popularity in 3D computer vision due to their compactness and continuous representation capabilities. However, addressing dense correspondences and semantic relationships across DIF-encoded shapes remains a critical challenge, limiting their applications in texture transfer and shape analysis. Moreover, recent endeavors in 3D shape generation using DIFs often neglect correspondence and topology preservation. This paper presents HNDF (Hybrid Neural Diffeomorphic Flow), a method that implicitly learns the underlying representation and decomposes intricate dense correspondences into explicitly axis-aligned triplane features. To avoid suboptimal representations trapped in local minima, we propose hybrid supervision that captures both local and global correspondences. Unlike conventional approaches that directly generate new 3D shapes, we further explore the idea of shape generation with deformed template shape via diffeomorphic flows, where the deformation is encoded by the generated triplane features. Leveraging a pre-existing 2D diffusion model, we produce high-quality and diverse 3D diffeomorphic flows through generated triplanes features, ensuring topological consistency with the template shape. Extensive experiments on medical image organ segmentation datasets evaluate the effectiveness of HNDF in 3D shape representation and generation.
Toward more frugal models for functional cerebral networks automatic recognition with resting-state fMRI
Authors: Lukman Ismaila, Pejman Rasti, Jean-Michel Lemée, David Rousseau
Date: 2023-07-04 00:00:00

We refer to a machine learning situation where models based on classical convolutional neural networks have shown good performance. We are investigating different encoding techniques in the form of supervoxels, then graphs to reduce the complexity of the model while tracking the loss of performance. This approach is illustrated on a recognition task of resting-state functional networks for patients with brain tumors. Graphs encoding supervoxels preserve activation characteristics of functional brain networks from images, optimize model parameters by 26 times while maintaining CNN model performance.
ECG-Image-Kit: A Synthetic Image Generation Toolbox to Facilitate Deep Learning-Based Electrocardiogram Digitization
Authors: Kshama Kodthalu Shivashankara, Deepanshi, Afagh Mehri Shervedani, Gari D. Clifford, Matthew A. Reyna, Reza Sameni
Date: 2023-07-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Data Augmentation, Decision Making, Denoising, Image Generation, Privacy Preserving, Time Series

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality globally, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are crucial for diagnosing them. Traditionally, ECGs are printed on paper. However, these printouts, even when scanned, are incompatible with advanced ECG diagnosis software that require time-series data. Digitizing ECG images is vital for training machine learning models in ECG diagnosis and to leverage the extensive global archives collected over decades. Deep learning models for image processing are promising in this regard, although the lack of clinical ECG archives with reference time-series data is challenging. Data augmentation techniques using realistic generative data models provide a solution. We introduce ECG-Image-Kit, an open-source toolbox for generating synthetic multi-lead ECG images with realistic artifacts from time-series data. The tool synthesizes ECG images from real time-series data, applying distortions like text artifacts, wrinkles, and creases on a standard ECG paper background. As a case study, we used ECG-Image-Kit to create a dataset of 21,801 ECG images from the PhysioNet QT database. We developed and trained a combination of a traditional computer vision and deep neural network model on this dataset to convert synthetic images into time-series data for evaluation. We assessed digitization quality by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and compared clinical parameters like QRS width, RR, and QT intervals recovered from this pipeline, with the ground truth extracted from ECG time-series. The results show that this deep learning pipeline accurately digitizes paper ECGs, maintaining clinical parameters, and highlights a generative approach to digitization. This toolbox currently supports data augmentation for the 2024 PhysioNet Challenge, focusing on digitizing and classifying paper ECG images.
Text + Sketch: Image Compression at Ultra Low Rates
Authors: Eric Lei, Yiğit Berkay Uslu, Hamed Hassani, Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti
Date: 2023-07-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Compression, Text to Speech

Recent advances in text-to-image generative models provide the ability to generate high-quality images from short text descriptions. These foundation models, when pre-trained on billion-scale datasets, are effective for various downstream tasks with little or no further training. A natural question to ask is how such models may be adapted for image compression. We investigate several techniques in which the pre-trained models can be directly used to implement compression schemes targeting novel low rate regimes. We show how text descriptions can be used in conjunction with side information to generate high-fidelity reconstructions that preserve both semantics and spatial structure of the original. We demonstrate that at very low bit-rates, our method can significantly improve upon learned compressors in terms of perceptual and semantic fidelity, despite no end-to-end training.