pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
How Contentious Terms About People and Cultures are Used in Linked Open Data
Authors: Andrei Nesterov, Laura Hollink, Jacco van Ossenbruggen
Date: 2023-11-13 00:00:00
Tasks: Descriptive, Word Sense Disambiguation

Web resources in linked open data (LOD) are comprehensible to humans through literal textual values attached to them, such as labels, notes, or comments. Word choices in literals may not always be neutral. When outdated and culturally stereotyping terminology is used in literals, they may appear as offensive to users in interfaces and propagate stereotypes to algorithms trained on them. We study how frequently and in which literals contentious terms about people and cultures occur in LOD and whether there are attempts to mark the usage of such terms. For our analysis, we reuse English and Dutch terms from a knowledge graph that provides opinions of experts from the cultural heritage domain about terms' contentiousness. We inspect occurrences of these terms in four widely used datasets: Wikidata, The Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus, Princeton WordNet, and Open Dutch WordNet. Some terms are ambiguous and contentious only in particular senses. Applying word sense disambiguation, we generate a set of literals relevant to our analysis. We found that outdated, derogatory, stereotyping terms frequently appear in descriptive and labelling literals, such as preferred labels that are usually displayed in interfaces and used for indexing. In some cases, LOD contributors mark contentious terms with words and phrases in literals (implicit markers) or properties linked to resources (explicit markers). However, such marking is rare and non-consistent in all datasets. Our quantitative and qualitative insights could be helpful in developing more systematic approaches to address the propagation of stereotypes via LOD.
Non-Parametric Memory Guidance for Multi-Document Summarization
Authors: Florian Baud, Alex Aussem
Date: 2023-11-14 00:00:00
Tasks: Articles, Document Summarization, Multi-Document Summarization

Multi-document summarization (MDS) is a difficult task in Natural Language Processing, aiming to summarize information from several documents. However, the source documents are often insufficient to obtain a qualitative summary. We propose a retriever-guided model combined with non-parametric memory for summary generation. This model retrieves relevant candidates from a database and then generates the summary considering the candidates with a copy mechanism and the source documents. The retriever is implemented with Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANN) to search large databases. Our method is evaluated on the MultiXScience dataset which includes scientific articles. Finally, we discuss our results and possible directions for future work.
Comparing Generalization in Learning with Limited Numbers of Exemplars: Transformer vs. RNN in Attractor Dynamics
Authors: Rui Fukushima, Jun Tani
Date: 2023-11-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Dynamic Time Warping, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Large Language Model

ChatGPT, a widely-recognized large language model (LLM), has recently gained substantial attention for its performance scaling, attributed to the billions of web-sourced natural language sentences used for training. Its underlying architecture, Transformer, has found applications across diverse fields, including video, audio signals, and robotic movement. %The crucial question this raises concerns the Transformer's generalization-in-learning (GIL) capacity. However, this raises a crucial question about Transformer's generalization in learning (GIL) capacity. Is ChatGPT's success chiefly due to the vast dataset used for training, or is there more to the story? To investigate this, we compared Transformer's GIL capabilities with those of a traditional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) in tasks involving attractor dynamics learning. For performance evaluation, the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method has been employed. Our simulation results suggest that under conditions of limited data availability, Transformer's GIL abilities are markedly inferior to those of RNN.
Enhancing Machine Translation through Advanced In-Context Learning: A Methodological Strategy for GPT-4 Improvement
Authors: Yufeng Chen
Date: 2023-11-15 00:00:00
Tasks: In-Context Learning, Machine Translation, Translation

The challenge of improving translation accuracy in GPT-4 is being addressed by harnessing a method known as in-context learning. This paper introduces a strategic approach to utilize in-context learning specifically for machine translation, aiming to significantly boost accuracy. The crux of this method lies in the judicious selection of demonstrations that are most effective for in-context learning. By selecting these examples carefully, GPT-4 can utilize them to achieve remarkably accurate machine translations, eliminating the need for task-specific fine-tuning. This technique is anchored in the semantic similarities between the user's prompt and the chosen dataset. Sentences from this dataset, carefully picked for their relevance and clarity, serve as potent demonstrations for in-context learning. This approach not only enhances translation accuracy but also enriches the understanding of nuanced linguistic structures. It represents a significant step forward in machine learning, leveraging the inherent capabilities of GPT-4 to provide translations that are not only accurate but also contextually rich and linguistically sophisticated. This method demonstrates the potential of in-context learning in overcoming language barriers, opening new avenues for cross-cultural communication and global collaboration.
Memory Augmented Language Models through Mixture of Word Experts
Authors: Cicero Nogueira dos santos, James Lee-Thorp, Isaac Noble, Chung-Ching Chang, David Uthus
Date: 2023-11-15 00:00:00
Tasks: Mixture-of-Experts

Scaling up the number of parameters of language models has proven to be an effective approach to improve performance. For dense models, increasing model size proportionally increases the model's computation footprint. In this work, we seek to aggressively decouple learning capacity and FLOPs through Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) style models with large knowledge-rich vocabulary based routing functions and experts. Our proposed approach, dubbed Mixture of Word Experts (MoWE), can be seen as a memory augmented model, where a large set of word-specific experts play the role of a sparse memory. We demonstrate that MoWE performs significantly better than the T5 family of models with similar number of FLOPs in a variety of NLP tasks. Additionally, MoWE outperforms regular MoE models on knowledge intensive tasks and has similar performance to more complex memory augmented approaches that often require to invoke custom mechanisms to search the sparse memory.
ProAgent: From Robotic Process Automation to Agentic Process Automation
Authors: Yining Ye, Xin Cong, Shizuo Tian, Jiannan Cao, Hao Wang, Yujia Qin, Yaxi Lu, Heyang Yu, Huadong Wang, Yankai Lin, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
Date: 2023-11-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making

From ancient water wheels to robotic process automation (RPA), automation technology has evolved throughout history to liberate human beings from arduous tasks. Yet, RPA struggles with tasks needing human-like intelligence, especially in elaborate design of workflow construction and dynamic decision-making in workflow execution. As Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged human-like intelligence, this paper introduces Agentic Process Automation (APA), a groundbreaking automation paradigm using LLM-based agents for advanced automation by offloading the human labor to agents associated with construction and execution. We then instantiate ProAgent, an LLM-based agent designed to craft workflows from human instructions and make intricate decisions by coordinating specialized agents. Empirical experiments are conducted to detail its construction and execution procedure of workflow, showcasing the feasibility of APA, unveiling the possibility of a new paradigm of automation driven by agents. Our code is public at https://github.com/OpenBMB/ProAgent.
Safe Navigation: Training Autonomous Vehicles using Deep Reinforcement Learning in CARLA
Authors: Ghadi Nehme, Tejas Y. Deo
Date: 2023-10-23 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Navigate, object-detection, Object Detection, reinforcement-learning, Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but they must be able to navigate safely in traffic before they can be deployed on public roads. The goal of this project is to train autonomous vehicles to make decisions to navigate in uncertain environments using deep reinforcement learning techniques using the CARLA simulator. The simulator provides a realistic and urban environment for training and testing self-driving models. Deep Q-Networks (DQN) are used to predict driving actions. The study involves the integration of collision sensors, segmentation, and depth camera for better object detection and distance estimation. The model is tested on 4 different trajectories in presence of different types of 4-wheeled vehicles and pedestrians. The segmentation and depth cameras were utilized to ensure accurate localization of objects and distance measurement. Our proposed method successfully navigated the self-driving vehicle to its final destination with a high success rate without colliding with other vehicles, pedestrians, or going on the sidewalk. To ensure the optimal performance of our reinforcement learning (RL) models in navigating complex traffic scenarios, we implemented a pre-processing step to reduce the state space. This involved processing the images and sensor output before feeding them into the model. Despite significantly decreasing the state space, our approach yielded robust models that successfully navigated through traffic with high levels of safety and accuracy.
Should they? Mobile Biometrics and Technopolicy meet Queer Community Considerations
Authors: Anaelia Ovalle, Davi Liang, Alicia Boyd
Date: 2023-10-06 00:00:00

Smartphones are integral to our daily lives and activities, providing us with basic functions like texting and phone calls to more complex motion-based functionalities like navigation, mobile gaming, and fitness-tracking. To facilitate these functionalities, smartphones rely on integrated sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes. These sensors provide personalized measurements that, in turn, contribute to tasks such as analyzing biometric data for mobile health purposes. In addition to benefiting smartphone users, biometric data holds significant value for researchers engaged in biometric identification research. Nonetheless, utilizing this user data for biometric identification tasks, such as gait and gender recognition, raises serious privacy, normative, and ethical concerns, particularly within the queer community. Concerns of algorithmic bias and algorithmically-driven dysphoria surface from a historical backdrop of marginalization, surveillance, harassment, discrimination, and violence against the queer community. In this position paper, we contribute to the timely discourse on safeguarding human rights within AI-driven systems by providing a sense of challenges, tensions, and opportunities for new data protections and biometric collection practices in a way that grapples with the sociotechnical realities of the queer community.
FLORIDA: Fake-looking Real Images Dataset
Authors: Ali Borji
Date: 2023-10-29 00:00:00

Although extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of AI tools and models in detecting deep fakes, the question remains unanswered regarding whether these models can accurately identify genuine images that appear artificial. In this study, as an initial step towards addressing this issue, we have curated a dataset of 510 genuine images that exhibit a fake appearance and conducted an assessment using two AI models. We show that two models exhibited subpar performance when applied to our dataset. Additionally, our dataset can serve as a valuable tool for assessing the ability of deep learning models to comprehend complex visual stimuli. We anticipate that this research will stimulate further discussions and investigations in this area. Our dataset is accessible at https://github.com/aliborji/FLORIDA.
SkateboardAI: The Coolest Video Action Recognition for Skateboarding
Authors: Hanxiao Chen
Date: 2023-08-02 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Architecture, Action Recognition, Temporal Action Localization

Impressed by the coolest skateboarding sports program from 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games, we are the first to curate the original real-world video datasets "SkateboardAI" in the wild, even self-design and implement diverse uni-modal and multi-modal video action recognition approaches to recognize different tricks accurately. For uni-modal methods, we separately apply (1) CNN and LSTM; (2) CNN and BiLSTM; (3) CNN and BiLSTM with effective attention mechanisms; (4) Transformer-based action recognition pipeline. Transferred to the multi-modal conditions, we investigated the two-stream Inflated-3D architecture on "SkateboardAI" datasets to compare its performance with uni-modal cases. In sum, our objective is developing an excellent AI sport referee for the coolest skateboarding competitions.
Towards AI enabled automated tracking of multiple boxers
Authors: A. S. Karthikeyan, Vipul Baghel, Anish Monsley Kirupakaran, John Warburton, Ranganathan Srinivasan, Babji Srinivasan, Ravi Sadananda Hegde
Date: 2023-08-09 00:00:00

Continuous tracking of boxers across multiple training sessions helps quantify traits required for the well-known ten-point-must system. However, continuous tracking of multiple athletes across multiple training sessions remains a challenge, because it is difficult to precisely segment bout boundaries in a recorded video stream. Furthermore, re-identification of the same athlete over different period or even within the same bout remains a challenge. Difficulties are further compounded when a single fixed view video is captured in top-view. This work summarizes our progress in creating a system in an economically single fixed top-view camera. Specifically, we describe improved algorithm for bout transition detection and in-bout continuous player identification without erroneous ID updation or ID switching. From our custom collected data of ~11 hours (athlete count: 45, bouts: 189), our transition detection algorithm achieves 90% accuracy and continuous ID tracking achieves IDU=0, IDS=0.
Understanding Segment Anything Model: SAM is Biased Towards Texture Rather than Shape
Authors: Chaoning Zhang, Yu Qiao, Shehbaz Tariq, Sheng Zheng, Chenshuang Zhang, Chenghao Li, Hyundong Shin, Choong Seon Hong
Date: 2023-06-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

In contrast to the human vision that mainly depends on the shape for recognizing the objects, deep image recognition models are widely known to be biased toward texture. Recently, Meta research team has released the first foundation model for image segmentation, termed segment anything model (SAM), which has attracted significant attention. In this work, we understand SAM from the perspective of texture \textit{v.s.} shape. Different from label-oriented recognition tasks, the SAM is trained to predict a mask for covering the object shape based on a promt. With this said, it seems self-evident that the SAM is biased towards shape. In this work, however, we reveal an interesting finding: the SAM is strongly biased towards texture-like dense features rather than shape. This intriguing finding is supported by a novel setup where we disentangle texture and shape cues and design texture-shape cue conflict for mask prediction.
DiffGANPaint: Fast Inpainting Using Denoising Diffusion GANs
Authors: Moein Heidari, Alireza Morsali, Tohid Abedini, Samin Heydarian
Date: 2023-08-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Denoising, Generative Adversarial Network, Image Inpainting

Free-form image inpainting is the task of reconstructing parts of an image specified by an arbitrary binary mask. In this task, it is typically desired to generalize model capabilities to unseen mask types, rather than learning certain mask distributions. Capitalizing on the advances in diffusion models, in this paper, we propose a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) based model capable of filling missing pixels fast as it models the backward diffusion process using the generator of a generative adversarial network (GAN) network to reduce sampling cost in diffusion models. Experiments on general-purpose image inpainting datasets verify that our approach performs superior or on par with most contemporary works.
1st Place in ICCV 2023 Workshop Challenge Track 1 on Resource Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision: Budgeted Model Training Challenge
Authors: Youngjun Kwak, SeongHun Jeong, Yunseung Lee, Changick Kim
Date: 2023-08-09 00:00:00

The budgeted model training challenge aims to train an efficient classification model under resource limitations. To tackle this task in ImageNet-100, we describe a simple yet effective resource-aware backbone search framework composed of profile and instantiation phases. In addition, we employ multi-resolution ensembles to boost inference accuracy on limited resources. The profile phase obeys time and memory constraints to determine the models' optimal batch-size, max epochs, and automatic mixed precision (AMP). And the instantiation phase trains models with the determined parameters from the profile phase. For improving intra-domain generalizations, the multi-resolution ensembles are formed by two-resolution images with randomly applied flips. We present a comprehensive analysis with expensive experiments. Based on our approach, we win first place in International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2023 Workshop Challenge Track 1 on Resource Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision (RCV).
A Recent Survey of the Advancements in Deep Learning Techniques for Monkeypox Disease Detection
Authors: Saddam Hussain Khan, Rashid Iqbal, Saeeda Naz
Date: 2023-11-06 00:00:00
Tasks: Survey

Monkeypox (MPox) is a zoonotic infectious disease induced by the MPox Virus, part of the poxviridae orthopoxvirus group initially discovered in Africa and gained global attention in mid-2022 with cases reported outside endemic areas. Symptoms include headaches, chills, fever, smallpox, measles, and chickenpox-like skin manifestations and the WHO officially announced MPox as a global public health pandemic, in July 2022.Traditionally, PCR testing of skin lesions is considered a benchmark for the primary diagnosis by WHO, with symptom management as the primary treatment and antiviral drugs like tecovirimat for severe cases. However, manual analysis within hospitals poses a substantial challenge including the substantial burden on healthcare professionals, limited facilities, availability and fatigue among doctors, and human error during public health emergencies. Therefore, this survey paper provides an extensive and efficient analysis of deep learning (DL) methods for the automatic detection of MPox in skin lesion images. These DL techniques are broadly grouped into categories, including deep CNN, Deep CNNs ensemble, deep hybrid learning, the newly developed, and Vision transformer for diagnosing MPox. Moreover, this study offers a systematic exploration of the evolutionary progression of DL techniques and identifies, and addresses limitations in previous methods while highlighting the valuable contributions and innovation. Additionally, the paper addresses benchmark datasets and their collection from various authentic sources, pre-processing techniques, and evaluation metrics. The survey also briefly delves into emerging concepts, identifies research gaps, limitations, and applications, and outlines challenges in the diagnosis process. This survey furnishes valuable insights into the prospective areas of DL innovative ideas and is anticipated to serve as a path for researchers.
Boosting Audio-visual Zero-shot Learning with Large Language Models
Authors: Haoxing Chen, Yaohui Li, Yan Hong, Zizheng Huang, Zhuoer Xu, Zhangxuan Gu, Jun Lan, Huijia Zhu, Weiqiang Wang
Date: 2023-11-21 00:00:00
Tasks: audio-visual learning, Descriptive, GZSL Video Classification, Zero-Shot Learning

Audio-visual zero-shot learning aims to recognize unseen classes based on paired audio-visual sequences. Recent methods mainly focus on learning multi-modal features aligned with class names to enhance the generalization ability to unseen categories. However, these approaches ignore the obscure event concepts in class names and may inevitably introduce complex network structures with difficult training objectives. In this paper, we introduce a straightforward yet efficient framework called KnowleDge-Augmented audio-visual learning (KDA), which aids the model in more effectively learning novel event content by leveraging an external knowledge base. Specifically, we first propose to utilize the knowledge contained in large language models (LLMs) to generate numerous descriptive sentences that include important distinguishing audio-visual features of event classes, which helps to better understand unseen categories. Furthermore, we propose a knowledge-aware adaptive margin loss to help distinguish similar events, further improving the generalization ability towards unseen classes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed KDA can outperform state-of-the-art methods on three popular audio-visual zero-shot learning datasets.Our code will be avaliable at \url{https://github.com/chenhaoxing/KDA}.
Real-Time Gait Phase Estimation for Robotic Hip Exoskeleton Control During Multimodal Locomotion
Authors: Inseung Kang, Dean D. Molinaro, Srijan Duggal, Yanrong Chen, Pratik Kunapuli, and Aaron J. Youn
Date: 2021-03-23 00:00:00
Proceeding: IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS 2021 3
Tasks: Navigate

We developed and validated a gait phase estimator for real-time control of a robotic hip exoskeleton during multimodal locomotion. Gait phase describes the fraction of time passed since the previous gait event, such as heel strike, and is a promising framework for appropriately applying exoskeleton assistance during cyclic tasks. A conventional method utilizes amechanical sensor to detect a gait event and uses the time since the last gait event to linearly interpolate the current gait phase. While this approach may work well for constant treadmill walking, it shows poor performance when translated to overground situations where the user may change walking speed and locomotion modes dynamically. To tackle these challenges, we utilized a convolutional neural network-based gait phase estimator that can adapt to different locomotion mode settings to modulate the exoskeleton assistance. Our resulting model accurately predicted the gait phase during multimodal locomotion without any additional information about the user's locomotion mode, with a gait phase estimation RMSE of 5.04 +/- 0.79%, significantly outperforming the literature standard (p < 0.05). Our study highlights the promise of translating exoskeleton technology to more realistic settings where the user can naturally and seamlessly navigate through different terrain settings.