pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Fast-Converged Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Dispatch of Large-Scale Power Systems under Transient Security Constraints
Authors: Tannan Xiao, Ying Chen, Han Diao, Shaowei Huang, Chen Shen
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Deep Reinforcement Learning

Power system optimal dispatch with transient security constraints is commonly represented as Transient Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSC-OPF). Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-based TSC-OPF trains efficient decision-making agents that are adaptable to various scenarios and provide solution results quickly. However, due to the high dimensionality of the state space and action spaces, as well as the non-smoothness of dynamic constraints, existing DRL-based TSC-OPF solution methods face a significant challenge of the sparse reward problem. To address this issue, a fast-converged DRL method for TSC-OPF is proposed in this paper. The Markov Decision Process (MDP) modeling of TSC-OPF is improved by reducing the observation space and smoothing the reward design, thus facilitating agent training. An improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with Curriculum learning, Parallel exploration, and Ensemble decision-making (DDPG-CPEn) is introduced to drastically enhance the efficiency of agent training and the accuracy of decision-making. The effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through experiments in the IEEE 39-bus system and a practical 710-bus regional power grid. The source code of the proposed method is made public on GitHub.
Handling-Oriented Stiffness Control of a Multichamber Suspension
Authors: Gabriele Marini, Giulio Panzani, Matteo Corno, Samuele Sermisoni, Sergio Matteo Savaresi
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

This paper deals with the development of a handling-oriented stiffness control strategy using multichamber suspensions. Indeed, being this technology capable of stiffness variability, it is particularly indicated for improving the vehicle handling performance, here intended as the reduction of roll and pitch angles during maneuvers. The proposed strategy exploits the multichamber's inner features in order to enhance the performance: simulation results show improvements up to 12% compared to the best passive stiffness configuration, still preventing deterioration of the driving comfort.
Range-Only Bearing Estimator for Localization and Mapping
Authors: Matteo Marcantoni, Bayu Jayawardhana, Kerstin Bunte
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Navigation and exploration within unknown environments are typical examples in which simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms are applied. When mobile agents deploy only range sensors without bearing information, the agents must estimate the bearing using the online distance measurement for the localization and mapping purposes. In this paper, we propose a scalable dynamic bearing estimator to obtain the relative bearing of the static landmarks in the local coordinate frame of a moving agent in real-time. Using contraction theory, we provide convergence analysis of the proposed range-only bearing estimator and present upper and lower-bound for the estimator gain. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Convex NMPC reformulations for a special class of nonlinear multi-input systems with application to rank-one bilinear networks
Authors: Manuel Klädtke, Moritz Schulze Darup
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

We show that a special class of (nonconvex) NMPC problems admits an exact solution by reformulating them as a finite number of convex subproblems, extending previous results to the multi-input case. Our approach is applicable to a special class of input-affine discrete-time systems, which includes a class of bilinear rank-one systems that is considered useful in modeling certain controlled networks. We illustrate our results with two numerical examples, including the aforementioned rank-one bilinear network.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy beyond linearity and stationarity -- a critical review
Authors: Noël Hallemans, David Howey, Alberto Battistel, Nessa Fereshteh Saniee, Federico Scarpioni, Benny Wouters, Fabio La Mantia, Annick Hubin, Widanalage Dhammika Widanage, John Lataire
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used experimental technique for characterising materials and electrode reactions by observing their frequency-dependent impedance. Classical EIS measurements require the electrochemical process to behave as a linear time-invariant system. However, electrochemical processes do not naturally satisfy this assumption: the relation between voltage and current is inherently nonlinear and evolves over time. Examples include the corrosion of metal substrates and the cycling of Li-ion batteries. As such, classical EIS only offers models linearised at specific operating points. During the last decade, solutions were developed for estimating nonlinear and time-varying impedances, contributing to more general models. In this paper, we review the concept of impedance beyond linearity and stationarity, and detail different methods to estimate this from measured current and voltage data, with emphasis on frequency domain approaches using multisine excitation. In addition to a mathematical discussion, we measure and provide examples demonstrating impedance estimation for a Li-ion battery, beyond linearity and stationarity, both while resting and while charging.
A new class of orbiting very large ultra-light orientable mw antennas in low earth orbits
Authors: Giovanni Perona, Angelo Raffaele Meo, Marco Allegretti, Isabella Bordi, Elena Marengo, Bruno Mazzetti, Mario Scovazzi
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

The purpose of the following proposal is to create a new class of antennas of low weight but with a large transmitting and receiving surface made of metallized fabric. This class of antennas will be stationed in low satellite orbits, at about 2000 km from sea level and will be easily steerable by exploiting the interaction between the earth's magnetic field and an electromagnetic field generated on the antenna. The possibility of orienting very large ultra-light balloon-like MW antennas, orbiting in the Earth magnetic field, through electric currents flowing in conductive wires embedded in the antennas walls, are examined. It is shown that such currents may easily provide the needed forces without the necessity of mechanically orienting the antenna itself. The antenna is extremely light, inexpensive, easily directional. The antenna has the shape of a spheroid in which the southern hemisphere has a parabolic shape made of metallized fabric; the northern hemisphere, transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, has a radius of curvature such that the north pole coincides with the focus of the parabola.
When do discounted-optimal policies also optimize the gain?
Authors: Victor Boone
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

In this technical note, we establish an upper-bound on the threshold on the discount factor starting from which all discounted-optimal deterministic policies are gain-optimal, that we prove to be tight on an example. To address computability issues of that theoretical threshold, we provide a weaker bound which is tractable on ergodic MDPs in polynomial time.
Smart farming using iot for efficient crop growth
Authors: Kawsalyaa Manivannan, Bharathi Sankar
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

In general. automated farming systems make decisions based on static models built from the properties of the plant. in the contrast, irrigation decisions in our suggested method are dynamically changing environmental conditions. the model"s learning process reveals the mathematical links between the environmental factors employed in the determining the irrigation habit and gradually improves its learning techniques as irrigation data accumulates int the model. to analyze overall system overall system performance, we constructed a test environment for the sensor edge, mobile client, and decision service in the cloud.
UHF RFID and NFC Point-of-Care -- Architecture, Security, and Implementation
Authors: Giulio Maria Bianco, Emanuele Raso, Luca Fiore, Vincenzo Mazzaracchio, Lorenzo Bracciale, Fabiana Arduini, Pierpaolo Loreti, Gaetano Marrocco, Cecilia Occhiuzzi
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, Management

Points-of-care (PoCs) augment healthcare systems by performing care whenever needed and are becoming increasingly crucial for the well-being of the worldwide population. Personalized medicine, chronic illness management, and cost reduction can be achieved thanks to the widespread adoption of PoCs. Significant incentives for PoCs deployment are nowadays given by wearable devices and, in particular, by RFID (RadioFrequency IDentification) and NFC (Near Field Communications), which are rising among the technological cornerstones of the healthcare internet of things (H-IoT). To fully exploit recent technological advancements, this paper proposes a system architecture for RFID- and NFC-based PoCs. The architecture comprises in a unitary framework both interfaces to benefit from their complementary features, and gathered data are shared with medical experts through secure and user-friendly interfaces that implement the Fast Health Interoperability Resource (FHIR) emerging healthcare standard. The selection of the optimal UHF and NFC components is discussed concerning the employable sensing techniques. The secure transmission of sensitive medical data is addressed by developing a user-friendly "PoC App" that is the first web app exploiting attribute-based encryption (ABE). An application example of the system for monitoring the pH and cortisol levels in sweat is implemented and preliminarily tested by a healthy volunteer.
Novel Quality Measure and Efficient Resolution of Convex Hull Pricing for Unit Commitment
Authors: Mikhail A. Bragin, Farhan Hyder, Bing Yan, Peter B. Luh, Jinye Zhao, Feng Zhao, Dane A. Schiro, Tongxin Zheng
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

Electricity prices determined by economic dispatch that do not consider fixed costs may lead to significant uplift payments. However, when fixed costs are included, prices become non-monotonic with respect to demand, which can adversely impact market transparency. To overcome this issue, convex hull (CH) pricing has been introduced for unit commitment with fixed costs. Several CH pricing methods have been presented, and a feasible cost has been used as a quality measure for the CH price. However, obtaining a feasible cost requires a computationally intensive optimization procedure, and the associated duality gap may not provide an accurate quality measure. This paper presents a new approach for quantifying the quality of the CH price by establishing an upper bound on the optimal dual value. The proposed approach uses Surrogate Lagrangian Relaxation (SLR) to efficiently obtain near-optimal CH prices, while the upper bound decreases rapidly due to the convergence of SLR. Testing results on the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate that the novel quality measure is more accurate than the measure provided by a feasible cost, indicating the high quality of the upper bound and the efficiency of SLR.
Remote State Estimation with Posterior-Based Stochastic Event-Triggered Schedule
Authors: Zhongyao Hu, Bo Chen, Rusheng Wang, Li Yu
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: State Estimation

This paper aims to study the state estimation problem under the stochastic event-triggered (SET) schedule. A posterior-based SET mechanism is proposed, which determines whether to transmit data by the effect of the measurement on the posterior estimate. Since this SET mechanism considers the whole posterior probability density function, it has better information screening capability and utilization than the existing SET mechanisms that only consider the first-order moment information of measurement and prior estimate. Then, based on the proposed SET mechanism, the corresponding exact minimum mean square error estimator is derived by Bayes rule. Moreover, the prediction error covariance of the estimator is proved to be bounded under moderate conditions. Meanwhile, the upper and lower bounds on the average communication rate are also analyzed. Finally, two different systems are employed to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods.
Adapting the DEVS kernel 'RT-CADMIUM' to the ESP32 embedded platform
Authors: Sasisekhar Mangalam Govind, John Sahaya Rani Alex, Gabriel A. Wainer
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00

Discrete Event Modelling of Embedded Systems (DEMES) is a development methodology based on the Discrete Event Systems (DEVS) specification that improves the time -to-market by simplifying the development and testing of embedded systems. CADMIUM is a C++ header-only library developed at Carleton University that helps simulate models built using the DEVS specification. RT-CADMIUM is a fork of CADMIUM that provides a development framework that helps users develop systems using the DEMES technology. RT-CADMIUM, however, has a limited scope of deployment due to the use of Mbed OS as its Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). This paper provides the methodology for porting the RT-CADMIUM library to a different platform (ESP32 specifically). This paper also portrays the performance improvements gained due to this adoption.
Observability Blocking for Functional Privacy of Linear Dynamic Networks
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Ranbo Cheng, Yuanqing Xia
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: Blocking

This paper addresses the problem of determining the minimum set of state variables in a network that need to be blocked from direct measurements in order to protect functional privacy with respect to {\emph{any}} output matrices. The goal is to prevent adversarial observers or eavesdroppers from inferring a linear functional of states, either vector-wise or entry-wise. We prove that both problems are NP-hard. However, by assuming a reasonable constant bound on the geometric multiplicities of the system's eigenvalues, we present an exact algorithm with polynomial time complexity for the vector-wise functional privacy protection problem. Based on this algorithm, we then provide a greedy algorithm for the entry-wise privacy protection problem. Our approach is based on relating these problems to functional observability and leveraging a PBH-like criterion for functional observability. Finally, we provide an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Set-valued State Estimation for Nonlinear Systems Using Hybrid Zonotopes
Authors: Jacob A. Siefert, Andrew F. Thompson, Jonah J. Glunt, Herschel C. Pangborn
Date: 2023-04-17 00:00:00
Tasks: State Estimation

This paper proposes a method for set-valued state estimation of nonlinear, discrete-time systems. This is achieved by combining graphs of functions representing system dynamics and measurements with the hybrid zonotope set representation that can efficiently represent nonconvex and disjoint sets. Tight over-approximations of complex nonlinear functions are efficiently produced by leveraging special ordered sets and neural networks, which enable computation of set-valued state estimates that grow linearly in memory complexity with time. A numerical example demonstrates significant reduction of conservatism in the set-valued state estimates using the proposed method as compared to an idealized convex approach.
Quantification of flexibility from the thermal mass of residential buildings in England and Wales
Authors: Dr Alexandre Canet, Prof Meysam Qadrdan
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00

The increased integration of variable renewable generation into the power systems, along with the phase-out of fossil-based power stations, necessitate procuring more flexibility from the demand sectors. The electrification of the residential heat sector is an option to decarbonise the heat sector in the United Kingdom. The inherent flexibility that is available in the residential heat sector, in the form of the thermal inertia of buildings, is expected to play an important role in supporting the critical task of short-term balancing of electricity supply and demand. This paper proposes a method for characterising the locally aggregated flexibility envelope from the electrified residential heat sector, considering the most influential factors including outdoor and indoor temperature, thermal mass and heat loss of dwellings. Applying the method to England and Wales as a case study, demonstrated a significant potential for a temporary reduction of electricity demand for heating even during cold weather. Total electricity demand reductions of approximately 25 GW to 85 GW were shown to be achievable for the outdoor temperature of 10 degreeC and -5 degreeC, respectively. Improving the energy performance of the housing stock in England and Wales was shown to reduce the magnitude of available flexibility to approximately 18 GW to 60 GW for the outdoor temperature of 10 degreeC and -5 degreeC, respectively. This is due to the use of smaller size heat pumps in the more efficient housing stock. However, the impact of the buildings' retrofit on their thermal mass and consequently on the duration of the flexibility provision is uncertain.
A New Flexible Modified Impedance Network Converter
Authors: Shirin Besati, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00

One of the popular impedance-network converters are Y-source converters which along with their essential characteristics such as reducing the size of converter components, single-stage power transferring, fault tolerance, and wide voltage gain capabilities there are also some drawbacks that one of the most widespread is high leakage inductances which affect performance negatively. This paper introduces a new configuration based on coupled inductors as a power electronic converter in three case studies to verify the high reliability of the proposed converter by using just a simple controller that is substantial for recycling brake energy in the propulsion system of Electric Vehicles and grid-following inverters. This topology with a straightforward structure, computation, and wide voltage gain, provides a proper connection between the components of its network that obtains appropriate paths for leakage energy, and likewise helps soft-switching in some conditions. Additionally, the performance of other previously related constructions is compared with the suggested topology. Simulations based on MATLAB/ SIMULINK have been carried out, and correspondingly experiment results have been also presented to substantiate the theoretical outcomes.
Synchronization in networked systems with large parameter heterogeneity
Authors: Amirhossein Nazerian, Shirin Panahi, Francesco Sorrentino
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00

Systems that synchronize in nature are intrinsically different from one another, with possibly large differences from system to system. While a vast part of the literature has investigated the emergence of network synchronization for the case of small parametric mismatches, we consider the general case that parameter mismatches may be large. We present a unified stability analysis that predicts why the range of stability of the synchronous solution either increases or decreases with parameter heterogeneity for a given network. We introduce a parametric approach, based on the definition of a curvature contribution function, which allows us to estimate the effect of mismatches on the stability of the synchronous solution in terms of contributions of pairs of eigenvalues of the Laplacian. For cases in which synchronization occurs in a bounded interval of a parameter, we study the effects of parameter heterogeneity on both transitions (asynchronous to synchronous and synchronous to asynchronous.)
Discrete-Time State-Feedback Controller with Canonical Form on Inverted Pendulum (on a cart)
Authors: Bambang L. Widjiantoro, Moh Kamalul Wafi
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00
Tasks: Form

The scope of inverted pendulum has been widely studied as one of the notable research with respect to standing in balance. The concept of this pendulum is similar to missile guidance, meaning that the center of drag is ahead that of gravity. Mathematical model of inverted pendulum on a cart is moreover presented in this paper. Various rewarding parameters are proposed from the displacement of the pivot, angular rotation, to external force exerted on the carriage so as to gain its equilibrium points and the linearized systems. Due to the severe risk of instability, a reliable closed-loop state feedback controller is designed to stabilize in upright position, even with large deviations. The specific concept proposed is to apply the canonical form of computing the determinant of gain $K$ leading to $K_d$. The results show that the constructed design can maintain the stability of the system by applying three sorts of initial condition and choosing sampling time $T$ under $0.2$ with small possible degrading performance.
The Importance of Technical Distribution Network Limits in Dynamic Operating Envelopes
Authors: Tomislav Antic, Frederik Geth, Tomislav Capuder
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00

End-users more often decide to invest in distributed generation (DG) units that help them in decreasing electricity bills and allow them to become a market player by selling the excess produced electricity. However, the installation of DG is often limited by technical constraints of the network, standards, and national grid codes. As a method for removing the mentioned obstacles, the potential of dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) is recently becoming recognized as a way for maximizing the benefits of installing DG. In this paper, we present an improvement of the already developed models that often neglect voltage unbalance constraints or are not based on an optimization approach. To test the model, two realistic case studies are defined. The results show that not all technical constraints are equally important, that the voltage unbalance constraint impacts the calculated DOEs for single-phase installed DG units, and that neglecting the temporal and spatial component in determining the limitation power is inadequate.
Smart Watch Supported System for Health Care Monitoring
Authors: Anshuman Mishra, Richards Joe Stanislaus
Date: 2023-04-16 00:00:00

This work presents a smartwatch attached to patients at remote locations, which would help in the navigation of wheel chair and monitor the vitals of patients and relay it through IoT. This wearable smartwatch is equipped with sensors to measure health parameters, namely, heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, and step count. An esp8266 Wi-Fi module uploads the health parameters into the thingspeak cloud platform with a time stamp. This smartwatch is equipped with a joystick for cruise and navigation control of the motor driver-enabled wheelchair. Additionally, an ultrasonic sensor mounted in front of the wheelchair continuously scans for any obstacles ahead and stops the motion of the wheelchair upon detection of an obstacle. The primary controller of the system is an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which interfaces the input and output modules.