pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
ScribbleVC: Scribble-supervised Medical Image Segmentation with Vision-Class Embedding
Authors: Zihan Li, Yuan Zheng, Xiangde Luo, Dandan Shan, Qingqi Hong
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Decision Making, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Medical image segmentation plays a critical role in clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. However, accurate segmentation of medical images is challenging due to several factors, such as the lack of high-quality annotation, imaging noise, and anatomical differences across patients. In addition, there is still a considerable gap in performance between the existing label-efficient methods and fully-supervised methods. To address the above challenges, we propose ScribbleVC, a novel framework for scribble-supervised medical image segmentation that leverages vision and class embeddings via the multimodal information enhancement mechanism. In addition, ScribbleVC uniformly utilizes the CNN features and Transformer features to achieve better visual feature extraction. The proposed method combines a scribble-based approach with a segmentation network and a class-embedding module to produce accurate segmentation masks. We evaluate ScribbleVC on three benchmark datasets and compare it with state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. The datasets and code are released on GitHub.
Unsupervised Decomposition Networks for Bias Field Correction in MR Image
Authors: Dong Liang, Xingyu Qiu, Kuanquan Wang, Gongning Luo, Wei Wang, Yashu Liu
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Bias field, which is caused by imperfect MR devices or imaged objects, introduces intensity inhomogeneity into MR images and degrades the performance of MR image analysis methods. Many retrospective algorithms were developed to facilitate the bias correction, to which the deep learning-based methods outperformed. However, in the training phase, the supervised deep learning-based methods heavily rely on the synthesized bias field. As the formation of the bias field is extremely complex, it is difficult to mimic the true physical property of MR images by synthesized data. While bias field correction and image segmentation are strongly related, the segmentation map is precisely obtained by decoupling the bias field from the original MR image, and the bias value is indicated by the segmentation map in reverse. Thus, we proposed novel unsupervised decomposition networks that are trained only with biased data to obtain the bias-free MR images. Networks are made up of: a segmentation part to predict the probability of every pixel belonging to each class, and an estimation part to calculate the bias field, which are optimized alternately. Furthermore, loss functions based on the combination of fuzzy clustering and the multiplicative bias field are also devised. The proposed loss functions introduce the smoothness of bias field and construct the soft relationships among different classes under intra-consistency constraints. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately estimate bias fields and produce better bias correction results. The code is available on the link: https://github.com/LeongDong/Bias-Decomposition-Networks.
Mesh Density Adaptation for Template-based Shape Reconstruction
Authors: Yucheol Jung, Hyomin Kim, Gyeongha Hwang, Seung-Hwan Baek, Seungyong Lee
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Shape Reconstruction, Inverse Rendering

In 3D shape reconstruction based on template mesh deformation, a regularization, such as smoothness energy, is employed to guide the reconstruction into a desirable direction. In this paper, we highlight an often overlooked property in the regularization: the vertex density in the mesh. Without careful control on the density, the reconstruction may suffer from under-sampling of vertices near shape details. We propose a novel mesh density adaptation method to resolve the under-sampling problem. Our mesh density adaptation energy increases the density of vertices near complex structures via deformation to help reconstruction of shape details. We demonstrate the usability and performance of mesh density adaptation with two tasks, inverse rendering and non-rigid surface registration. Our method produces more accurate reconstruction results compared to the cases without mesh density adaptation.
Open-Set Domain Adaptation with Visual-Language Foundation Models
Authors: Qing Yu, Go Irie, Kiyoharu Aizawa
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) has proven to be very effective in transferring knowledge obtained from a source domain with labeled data to a target domain with unlabeled data. Owing to the lack of labeled data in the target domain and the possible presence of unknown classes, open-set domain adaptation (ODA) has emerged as a potential solution to identify these classes during the training phase. Although existing ODA approaches aim to solve the distribution shifts between the source and target domains, most methods fine-tuned ImageNet pre-trained models on the source domain with the adaptation on the target domain. Recent visual-language foundation models (VLFM), such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP), are robust to many distribution shifts and, therefore, should substantially improve the performance of ODA. In this work, we explore generic ways to adopt CLIP, a popular VLFM, for ODA. We investigate the performance of zero-shot prediction using CLIP, and then propose an entropy optimization strategy to assist the ODA models with the outputs of CLIP. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on various benchmarks, demonstrating its effectiveness in addressing the ODA problem.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Zero-Padding: Feature Extraction and Learning
Authors: Zhi Han, Baichen Liu, Shao-Bo Lin, Ding-Xuan Zhou
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Translation

This paper studies the performance of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) with zero-padding in feature extraction and learning. After verifying the roles of zero-padding in enabling translation-equivalence, and pooling in its translation-invariance driven nature, we show that with similar number of free parameters, any deep fully connected networks (DFCNs) can be represented by DCNNs with zero-padding. This demonstrates that DCNNs with zero-padding is essentially better than DFCNs in feature extraction. Consequently, we derive universal consistency of DCNNs with zero-padding and show its translation-invariance in the learning process. All our theoretical results are verified by numerical experiments including both toy simulations and real-data running.
Gastrointestinal Mucosal Problems Classification with Deep Learning
Authors: Mohammadhasan Goharian, Vahid Goharian, Hamidreza Bolhasani
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Classification, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning

Gastrointestinal mucosal changes can cause cancers after some years and early diagnosing them can be very useful to prevent cancers and early treatment. In this article, 8 classes of mucosal changes and anatomical landmarks including Polyps, Ulcerative Colitis, Esophagitis, Normal Z-Line, Normal Pylorus, Normal Cecum, Dyed Lifted Polyps, and Dyed Lifted Margin were predicted by deep learning. We used neural networks in this article. It is a black box artificial intelligence algorithm that works like a human neural system. In this article, Transfer Learning (TL) based on the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which is one of the well-known types of neural networks in image processing is used. We compared some famous CNN architecture including VGG, Inception, Xception, and ResNet. Our best model got 93% accuracy in test images. At last, we used our model in some real endoscopy and colonoscopy movies to classify problems.
HD-Fusion: Detailed Text-to-3D Generation Leveraging Multiple Noise Estimation
Authors: Jinbo Wu, Xiaobo Gao, Xing Liu, Zhengyang Shen, Chen Zhao, Haocheng Feng, Jingtuo Liu, Errui Ding
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Generation, Noise Estimation, Text to 3D

In this paper, we study Text-to-3D content generation leveraging 2D diffusion priors to enhance the quality and detail of the generated 3D models. Recent progress (Magic3D) in text-to-3D has shown that employing high-resolution (e.g., 512 x 512) renderings can lead to the production of high-quality 3D models using latent diffusion priors. To enable rendering at even higher resolutions, which has the potential to further augment the quality and detail of the models, we propose a novel approach that combines multiple noise estimation processes with a pretrained 2D diffusion prior. Distinct from the Bar-Tal et al.s' study which binds multiple denoised results to generate images from texts, our approach integrates the computation of scoring distillation losses such as SDS loss and VSD loss which are essential techniques for the 3D content generation with 2D diffusion priors. We experimentally evaluated the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach can generate high-quality details compared to the baselines.
Fusing VHR Post-disaster Aerial Imagery and LiDAR Data for Roof Classification in the Caribbean
Authors: Isabelle Tingzon, Nuala Margaret Cowan, Pierre Chrzanowski
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Disaster Response, Earth Observation

Accurate and up-to-date information on building characteristics is essential for vulnerability assessment; however, the high costs and long timeframes associated with conducting traditional field surveys can be an obstacle to obtaining critical exposure datasets needed for disaster risk management. In this work, we leverage deep learning techniques for the automated classification of roof characteristics from very high-resolution orthophotos and airborne LiDAR data obtained in Dominica following Hurricane Maria in 2017. We demonstrate that the fusion of multimodal earth observation data performs better than using any single data source alone. Using our proposed methods, we achieve F1 scores of 0.93 and 0.92 for roof type and roof material classification, respectively. This work is intended to help governments produce more timely building information to improve resilience and disaster response in the Caribbean.
InvVis: Large-Scale Data Embedding for Invertible Visualization
Authors: Huayuan Ye, Chenhui Li, Yang Li, Changbo Wang
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00

We present InvVis, a new approach for invertible visualization, which is reconstructing or further modifying a visualization from an image. InvVis allows the embedding of a significant amount of data, such as chart data, chart information, source code, etc., into visualization images. The encoded image is perceptually indistinguishable from the original one. We propose a new method to efficiently express chart data in the form of images, enabling large-capacity data embedding. We also outline a model based on the invertible neural network to achieve high-quality data concealing and revealing. We explore and implement a variety of application scenarios of InvVis. Additionally, we conduct a series of evaluation experiments to assess our method from multiple perspectives, including data embedding quality, data restoration accuracy, data encoding capacity, etc. The result of our experiments demonstrates the great potential of InvVis in invertible visualization.
StarSRGAN: Improving Real-World Blind Super-Resolution
Authors: Khoa D. Vo, Len T. Bui
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Proceeding: WSCG 2023 7
Tasks: 4k, Blind Super-Resolution, Image Super-Resolution, Super-Resolution

The aim of blind super-resolution (SR) in computer vision is to improve the resolution of an image without prior knowledge of the degradation process that caused the image to be low-resolution. The State of the Art (SOTA) model Real-ESRGAN has advanced perceptual loss and produced visually compelling outcomes using more complex degradation models to simulate real-world degradations. However, there is still room to improve the super-resolved quality of Real-ESRGAN by implementing recent techniques. This research paper introduces StarSRGAN, a novel GAN model designed for blind super-resolution tasks that utilize 5 various architectures. Our model provides new SOTA performance with roughly 10% better on the MANIQA and AHIQ measures, as demonstrated by experimental comparisons with Real-ESRGAN. In addition, as a compact version, StarSRGAN Lite provides approximately 7.5 times faster reconstruction speed (real-time upsampling from 540p to 4K) but can still keep nearly 90% of image quality, thereby facilitating the development of a real-time SR experience for future research. Our codes are released at https://github.com/kynthesis/StarSRGAN.
Motion Degeneracy in Self-supervised Learning of Elevation Angle Estimation for 2D Forward-Looking Sonar
Authors: Yusheng Wang, Yonghoon Ji, Chujie Wu, Hiroshi Tsuchiya, Hajime Asama, Atsushi Yamashita
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Robot Navigation, Self-Supervised Learning

2D forward-looking sonar is a crucial sensor for underwater robotic perception. A well-known problem in this field is estimating missing information in the elevation direction during sonar imaging. There are demands to estimate 3D information per image for 3D mapping and robot navigation during fly-through missions. Recent learning-based methods have demonstrated their strengths, but there are still drawbacks. Supervised learning methods have achieved high-quality results but may require further efforts to acquire 3D ground-truth labels. The existing self-supervised method requires pretraining using synthetic images with 3D supervision. This study aims to realize stable self-supervised learning of elevation angle estimation without pretraining using synthetic images. Failures during self-supervised learning may be caused by motion degeneracy problems. We first analyze the motion field of 2D forward-looking sonar, which is related to the main supervision signal. We utilize a modern learning framework and prove that if the training dataset is built with effective motions, the network can be trained in a self-supervised manner without the knowledge of synthetic data. Both simulation and real experiments validate the proposed method.
StylePrompter: All Styles Need Is Attention
Authors: Chenyi Zhuang, Pan Gao, Aljosa Smolic
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: All, Attribute, Image Manipulation

GAN inversion aims at inverting given images into corresponding latent codes for Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), especially StyleGAN where exists a disentangled latent space that allows attribute-based image manipulation at latent level. As most inversion methods build upon Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we transfer a hierarchical vision Transformer backbone innovatively to predict $\mathcal{W^+}$ latent codes at token level. We further apply a Style-driven Multi-scale Adaptive Refinement Transformer (SMART) in $\mathcal{F}$ space to refine the intermediate style features of the generator. By treating style features as queries to retrieve lost identity information from the encoder's feature maps, SMART can not only produce high-quality inverted images but also surprisingly adapt to editing tasks. We then prove that StylePrompter lies in a more disentangled $\mathcal{W^+}$ and show the controllability of SMART. Finally, quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that StylePrompter can achieve desirable performance in balancing reconstruction quality and editability, and is "smart" enough to fit into most edits, outperforming other $\mathcal{F}$-involved inversion methods.
Video Frame Interpolation with Flow Transformer
Authors: Pan Gao, Haoyue Tian, Jie Qin
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Video Frame Interpolation

Video frame interpolation has been actively studied with the development of convolutional neural networks. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of kernel weight sharing in convolution, the interpolated frame generated by it may lose details. In contrast, the attention mechanism in Transformer can better distinguish the contribution of each pixel, and it can also capture long-range pixel dependencies, which provides great potential for video interpolation. Nevertheless, the original Transformer is commonly used for 2D images; how to develop a Transformer-based framework with consideration of temporal self-attention for video frame interpolation remains an open issue. In this paper, we propose Video Frame Interpolation Flow Transformer to incorporate motion dynamics from optical flows into the self-attention mechanism. Specifically, we design a Flow Transformer Block that calculates the temporal self-attention in a matched local area with the guidance of flow, making our framework suitable for interpolating frames with large motion while maintaining reasonably low complexity. In addition, we construct a multi-scale architecture to account for multi-scale motion, further improving the overall performance. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method can generate interpolated frames with better visual quality than state-of-the-art methods.
Implicit Neural Representation in Medical Imaging: A Comparative Survey
Authors: Amirali Molaei, Amirhossein Aminimehr, Armin Tavakoli, Amirhossein Kazerouni, Bobby Azad, Reza Azad, Dorit Merhof
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Image Reconstruction, Medical Image Analysis, Novel View Synthesis, Survey

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have gained prominence as a powerful paradigm in scene reconstruction and computer graphics, demonstrating remarkable results. By utilizing neural networks to parameterize data through implicit continuous functions, INRs offer several benefits. Recognizing the potential of INRs beyond these domains, this survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of INR models in the field of medical imaging. In medical settings, numerous challenging and ill-posed problems exist, making INRs an attractive solution. The survey explores the application of INRs in various medical imaging tasks, such as image reconstruction, segmentation, registration, novel view synthesis, and compression. It discusses the advantages and limitations of INRs, highlighting their resolution-agnostic nature, memory efficiency, ability to avoid locality biases, and differentiability, enabling adaptation to different tasks. Furthermore, the survey addresses the challenges and considerations specific to medical imaging data, such as data availability, computational complexity, and dynamic clinical scene analysis. It also identifies future research directions and opportunities, including integration with multi-modal imaging, real-time and interactive systems, and domain adaptation for clinical decision support. To facilitate further exploration and implementation of INRs in medical image analysis, we have provided a compilation of cited studies along with their available open-source implementations on \href{https://github.com/mindflow-institue/Awesome-Implicit-Neural-Representations-in-Medical-imaging}. Finally, we aim to consistently incorporate the most recent and relevant papers regularly.
SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension
Authors: Bohao Li, Rui Wang, Guangzhi Wang, Yuying Ge, Yixiao Ge, Ying Shan
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Multiple-choice

Based on powerful Large Language Models (LLMs), recent generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained prominence as a pivotal research area, exhibiting remarkable capability for both comprehension and generation. In this work, we address the evaluation of generative comprehension in MLLMs as a preliminary step towards a comprehensive assessment of generative models, by introducing a benchmark named SEED-Bench. SEED-Bench consists of 19K multiple choice questions with accurate human annotations (x 6 larger than existing benchmarks), which spans 12 evaluation dimensions including the comprehension of both the image and video modality. We develop an advanced pipeline for generating multiple-choice questions that target specific evaluation dimensions, integrating both automatic filtering and manual verification processes. Multiple-choice questions with groundtruth options derived from human annotation enables an objective and efficient assessment of model performance, eliminating the need for human or GPT intervention during evaluation. We further evaluate the performance of 18 models across all 12 dimensions, covering both the spatial and temporal understanding. By revealing the limitations of existing MLLMs through evaluation results, we aim for SEED-Bench to provide insights for motivating future research. We will launch and consistently maintain a leaderboard to provide a platform for the community to assess and investigate model capability.
Augmented Math: Authoring AR-Based Explorable Explanations by Augmenting Static Math Textbooks
Authors: Neil Chulpongsatorn, Mille Skovhus Lunding, Nishan Soni, Ryo Suzuki
Date: 2023-07-30 00:00:00
Tasks: Math, Optical Character Recognition, Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

We introduce Augmented Math, a machine learning-based approach to authoring AR explorable explanations by augmenting static math textbooks without programming. To augment a static document, our system first extracts mathematical formulas and figures from a given document using optical character recognition (OCR) and computer vision. By binding and manipulating these extracted contents, the user can see the interactive animation overlaid onto the document through mobile AR interfaces. This empowers non-technical users, such as teachers or students, to transform existing math textbooks and handouts into on-demand and personalized explorable explanations. To design our system, we first analyzed existing explorable math explanations to identify common design strategies. Based on the findings, we developed a set of augmentation techniques that can be automatically generated based on the extracted content, which are 1) dynamic values, 2) interactive figures, 3) relationship highlights, 4) concrete examples, and 5) step-by-step hints. To evaluate our system, we conduct two user studies: preliminary user testing and expert interviews. The study results confirm that our system allows more engaging experiences for learning math concepts.