pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Securing Biomedical Images from Unauthorized Training with Anti-Learning Perturbation
Authors: Yixin Liu, Haohui Ye, Kai Zhang, Lichao Sun
Date: 2023-03-05 00:00:00

The volume of open-source biomedical data has been essential to the development of various spheres of the healthcare community since more `free' data can provide individual researchers more chances to contribute. However, institutions often hesitate to share their data with the public due to the risk of data exploitation by unauthorized third parties for another commercial usage (e.g., training AI models). This phenomenon might hinder the development of the whole healthcare research community. To address this concern, we propose a novel approach termed `unlearnable biomedical image' for protecting biomedical data by injecting imperceptible but delusive noises into the data, making them unexploitable for AI models. We formulate the problem as a bi-level optimization and propose three kinds of anti-learning perturbation generation approaches to solve the problem. Our method is an important step toward encouraging more institutions to contribute their data for the long-term development of the research community.
Detection of the Arterial Input Function Using DSC-MRI Data
Authors: Svitlana Alkhimova, Kateryna Sazonova
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00

Accurate detection of arterial input function is a crucial step in obtaining perfusion hemodynamic parameters using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. It is required as input for perfusion quantification and has a great impact on the result of the deconvolution operation. To improve the reproducibility and reliability of arterial input function detection, several semi- or fully automatic methods have been proposed. This study provides an overview of the current state of the field of arterial input function detection. Methods most commonly used for semi- and fully automatic arterial input function detection are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are listed.
Visual Saliency-Guided Channel Pruning for Deep Visual Detectors in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Jung Im Choi, Qing Tian
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving

Deep neural network (DNN) pruning has become a de facto component for deploying on resource-constrained devices since it can reduce memory requirements and computation costs during inference. In particular, channel pruning gained more popularity due to its structured nature and direct savings on general hardware. However, most existing pruning approaches utilize importance measures that are not directly related to the task utility. Moreover, few in the literature focus on visual detection models. To fill these gaps, we propose a novel gradient-based saliency measure for visual detection and use it to guide our channel pruning. Experiments on the KITTI and COCO traffic datasets demonstrate our pruning method's efficacy and superiority over state-of-the-art competing approaches. It can even achieve better performance with fewer parameters than the original model. Our pruning also demonstrates great potential in handling small-scale objects.
CapDet: Unifying Dense Captioning and Open-World Detection Pretraining
Authors: Yanxin Long, Youpeng Wen, Jianhua Han, Hang Xu, Pengzhen Ren, Wei zhang, Shen Zhao, Xiaodan Liang
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2023 1
Tasks: Dense Captioning

Benefiting from large-scale vision-language pre-training on image-text pairs, open-world detection methods have shown superior generalization ability under the zero-shot or few-shot detection settings. However, a pre-defined category space is still required during the inference stage of existing methods and only the objects belonging to that space will be predicted. To introduce a "real" open-world detector, in this paper, we propose a novel method named CapDet to either predict under a given category list or directly generate the category of predicted bounding boxes. Specifically, we unify the open-world detection and dense caption tasks into a single yet effective framework by introducing an additional dense captioning head to generate the region-grounded captions. Besides, adding the captioning task will in turn benefit the generalization of detection performance since the captioning dataset covers more concepts. Experiment results show that by unifying the dense caption task, our CapDet has obtained significant performance improvements (e.g., +2.1% mAP on LVIS rare classes) over the baseline method on LVIS (1203 classes). Besides, our CapDet also achieves state-of-the-art performance on dense captioning tasks, e.g., 15.44% mAP on VG V1.2 and 13.98% on the VG-COCO dataset.
FAME-ViL: Multi-Tasking Vision-Language Model for Heterogeneous Fashion Tasks
Authors: Xiao Han, Xiatian Zhu, Licheng Yu, Li Zhang, Yi-Zhe Song, Tao Xiang
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2023 1
Tasks: Cross-Modal Retrieval, Image Captioning, Image Retrieval, Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Multi-modal Classification, Retrieval

In the fashion domain, there exists a variety of vision-and-language (V+L) tasks, including cross-modal retrieval, text-guided image retrieval, multi-modal classification, and image captioning. They differ drastically in each individual input/output format and dataset size. It has been common to design a task-specific model and fine-tune it independently from a pre-trained V+L model (e.g., CLIP). This results in parameter inefficiency and inability to exploit inter-task relatedness. To address such issues, we propose a novel FAshion-focused Multi-task Efficient learning method for Vision-and-Language tasks (FAME-ViL) in this work. Compared with existing approaches, FAME-ViL applies a single model for multiple heterogeneous fashion tasks, therefore being much more parameter-efficient. It is enabled by two novel components: (1) a task-versatile architecture with cross-attention adapters and task-specific adapters integrated into a unified V+L model, and (2) a stable and effective multi-task training strategy that supports learning from heterogeneous data and prevents negative transfer. Extensive experiments on four fashion tasks show that our FAME-ViL can save 61.5% of parameters over alternatives, while significantly outperforming the conventional independently trained single-task models. Code is available at https://github.com/BrandonHanx/FAME-ViL.
Extended Agriculture-Vision: An Extension of a Large Aerial Image Dataset for Agricultural Pattern Analysis
Authors: Jing Wu, David Pichler, Daniel Marley, David Wilson, Naira Hovakimyan, Jennifer Hobbs
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Benchmarking, Contrastive Learning, Earth Observation, Semantic Segmentation

A key challenge for much of the machine learning work on remote sensing and earth observation data is the difficulty in acquiring large amounts of accurately labeled data. This is particularly true for semantic segmentation tasks, which are much less common in the remote sensing domain because of the incredible difficulty in collecting precise, accurate, pixel-level annotations at scale. Recent efforts have addressed these challenges both through the creation of supervised datasets as well as the application of self-supervised methods. We continue these efforts on both fronts. First, we generate and release an improved version of the Agriculture-Vision dataset (Chiu et al., 2020b) to include raw, full-field imagery for greater experimental flexibility. Second, we extend this dataset with the release of 3600 large, high-resolution (10cm/pixel), full-field, red-green-blue and near-infrared images for pre-training. Third, we incorporate the Pixel-to-Propagation Module Xie et al. (2021b) originally built on the SimCLR framework into the framework of MoCo-V2 Chen et al.(2020b). Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of this data by benchmarking different contrastive learning approaches on both downstream classification and semantic segmentation tasks. We explore both CNN and Swin Transformer Liu et al. (2021a) architectures within different frameworks based on MoCo-V2. Together, these approaches enable us to better detect key agricultural patterns of interest across a field from aerial imagery so that farmers may be alerted to problematic areas in a timely fashion to inform their management decisions. Furthermore, the release of these datasets will support numerous avenues of research for computer vision in remote sensing for agriculture.
DistilPose: Tokenized Pose Regression with Heatmap Distillation
Authors: Suhang Ye, Yingyi Zhang, Jie Hu, Liujuan Cao, Shengchuan Zhang, Lei Shen, Jun Wang, Shouhong Ding, Rongrong Ji
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2023 1
Tasks: Knowledge Distillation, Pose Estimation, regression

In the field of human pose estimation, regression-based methods have been dominated in terms of speed, while heatmap-based methods are far ahead in terms of performance. How to take advantage of both schemes remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel human pose estimation framework termed DistilPose, which bridges the gaps between heatmap-based and regression-based methods. Specifically, DistilPose maximizes the transfer of knowledge from the teacher model (heatmap-based) to the student model (regression-based) through Token-distilling Encoder (TDE) and Simulated Heatmaps. TDE aligns the feature spaces of heatmap-based and regression-based models by introducing tokenization, while Simulated Heatmaps transfer explicit guidance (distribution and confidence) from teacher heatmaps into student models. Extensive experiments show that the proposed DistilPose can significantly improve the performance of the regression-based models while maintaining efficiency. Specifically, on the MSCOCO validation dataset, DistilPose-S obtains 71.6% mAP with 5.36M parameter, 2.38 GFLOPs and 40.2 FPS, which saves 12.95x, 7.16x computational cost and is 4.9x faster than its teacher model with only 0.9 points performance drop. Furthermore, DistilPose-L obtains 74.4% mAP on MSCOCO validation dataset, achieving a new state-of-the-art among predominant regression-based models.
Exploiting Implicit Rigidity Constraints via Weight-Sharing Aggregation for Scene Flow Estimation from Point Clouds
Authors: Yun Wang, Cheng Chi, Xin Yang
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Pose Estimation, Scene Flow Estimation, Semantic Segmentation

Scene flow estimation, which predicts the 3D motion of scene points from point clouds, is a core task in autonomous driving and many other 3D vision applications. Existing methods either suffer from structure distortion due to ignorance of rigid motion consistency or require explicit pose estimation and 3D object segmentation. Errors of estimated poses and segmented objects would yield inaccurate rigidity constraints and in turn mislead scene flow estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel weight-sharing aggregation (WSA) method for feature and scene flow up-sampling. WSA does not rely on estimated poses and segmented objects, and can implicitly enforce rigidity constraints to avoid structure distortion in scene flow estimation. To further exploit geometric information and preserve local structure, we design a deformation degree module aim to keep the local region invariance. We modify the PointPWC-Net and integrate the proposed WSA and deformation degree module into the enhanced PointPWC-Net to derive an end-to-end scene flow estimation network, called WSAFlowNet. Extensive experimental results on the FlyingThings3D and KITTI datasets demonstrate that our WSAFlowNet achieves the state-of-the-art performance and outperforms previous methods by a large margin. We will release the source code at https://github.com/wangyunlhr/WSAFlowNet.git.
Understanding weight-magnitude hyperparameters in training binary networks
Authors: Joris Quist, Yunqiang Li, Jan van Gemert
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are compact and efficient by using binary weights instead of real-valued weights. Current BNNs use latent real-valued weights during training, where several training hyper-parameters are inherited from real-valued networks. The interpretation of several of these hyperparameters is based on the magnitude of the real-valued weights. For BNNs, however, the magnitude of binary weights is not meaningful, and thus it is unclear what these hyperparameters actually do. One example is weight-decay, which aims to keep the magnitude of real-valued weights small. Other examples are latent weight initialization, the learning rate, and learning rate decay, which influence the magnitude of the real-valued weights. The magnitude is interpretable for real-valued weights, but loses its meaning for binary weights. In this paper we offer a new interpretation of these magnitude-based hyperparameters based on higher-order gradient filtering during network optimization. Our analysis makes it possible to understand how magnitude-based hyperparameters influence the training of binary networks which allows for new optimization filters specifically designed for binary neural networks that are independent of their real-valued interpretation. Moreover, our improved understanding reduces the number of hyperparameters, which in turn eases the hyperparameter tuning effort which may lead to better hyperparameter values for improved accuracy. Code is available at https://github.com/jorisquist/Understanding-WM-HP-in-BNNs
Exploit CAM by itself: Complementary Learning System for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Jiren Mai, Fei Zhang, Junjie Ye, Marcus Kalander, Xian Zhang, Wankou Yang, Tongliang Liu, Bo Han
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: General Knowledge, Hippocampus, Semantic Segmentation, Weakly supervised Semantic Segmentation, Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) with image-level labels has long been suffering from fragmentary object regions led by Class Activation Map (CAM), which is incapable of generating fine-grained masks for semantic segmentation. To guide CAM to find more non-discriminating object patterns, this paper turns to an interesting working mechanism in agent learning named Complementary Learning System (CLS). CLS holds that the neocortex builds a sensation of general knowledge, while the hippocampus specially learns specific details, completing the learned patterns. Motivated by this simple but effective learning pattern, we propose a General-Specific Learning Mechanism (GSLM) to explicitly drive a coarse-grained CAM to a fine-grained pseudo mask. Specifically, GSLM develops a General Learning Module (GLM) and a Specific Learning Module (SLM). The GLM is trained with image-level supervision to extract coarse and general localization representations from CAM. Based on the general knowledge in the GLM, the SLM progressively exploits the specific spatial knowledge from the localization representations, expanding the CAM in an explicit way. To this end, we propose the Seed Reactivation to help SLM reactivate non-discriminating regions by setting a boundary for activation values, which successively identifies more regions of CAM. Without extra refinement processes, our method is able to achieve breakthrough improvements for CAM of over 20.0% mIoU on PASCAL VOC 2012 and 10.0% mIoU on MS COCO 2014 datasets, representing a new state-of-the-art among existing WSSS methods.
Comparative Studies of Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods based on Multimedia Applications
Authors: Amitesh Kumar Singam, Benny Lövström, Wlodek J. Kulesza
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Dimensionality Reduction, regression, SSIM, Video Quality Assessment

In the mobile communication field, some of the video applications boosted the interest of robust methods for video quality assessment. Out of all existing methods, We Preferred, No Reference Video Quality Assessment is the one which is most needed in situations where the handiness of reference video is partially available. Our research interest lies in formulating and melding effective features into one model based on human visualizing characteristics. Our work explores comparative study between Supervised and unsupervised learning methods. Therefore, we implemented support vector regression algorithm as NR-based Video Quality Metric(VQM) for quality estimation with simplified input features. We concluded that our proposed model exhibited sparseness even after dimension reduction for objective scores of SSIM quality metric.
ConZIC: Controllable Zero-shot Image Captioning by Sampling-Based Polishing
Authors: Zequn Zeng, Hao Zhang, Zhengjue Wang, Ruiying Lu, Dongsheng Wang, Bo Chen
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2023 1
Tasks: Diversity, Image Captioning, Language Modeling, Language Modelling

Zero-shot capability has been considered as a new revolution of deep learning, letting machines work on tasks without curated training data. As a good start and the only existing outcome of zero-shot image captioning (IC), ZeroCap abandons supervised training and sequentially searches every word in the caption using the knowledge of large-scale pretrained models. Though effective, its autoregressive generation and gradient-directed searching mechanism limit the diversity of captions and inference speed, respectively. Moreover, ZeroCap does not consider the controllability issue of zero-shot IC. To move forward, we propose a framework for Controllable Zero-shot IC, named ConZIC. The core of ConZIC is a novel sampling-based non-autoregressive language model named GibbsBERT, which can generate and continuously polish every word. Extensive quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed ConZIC for both zero-shot IC and controllable zero-shot IC. Especially, ConZIC achieves about 5x faster generation speed than ZeroCap, and about 1.5x higher diversity scores, with accurate generation given different control signals.
Improving the quality of dental crown using a Transformer-based method
Authors: Golriz Hosseinimanesh, Farnoosh Ghadiri, Ammar Alsheghri, Ying Zhang, Julia Keren, Farida Cheriet, Francois Guibault
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Point Cloud Completion

Designing a synthetic crown is a time-consuming, inconsistent, and labor-intensive process. In this work, we present a fully automatic method that not only learns human design dental crowns, but also improves the consistency, functionality, and esthetic of the crowns. Following success in point cloud completion using the transformer-based network, we tackle the problem of the crown generation as a point-cloud completion around a prepared tooth. To this end, we use a geometry-aware transformer to generate dental crowns. Our main contribution is to add a margin line information to the network, as the accuracy of generating a precise margin line directly,determines whether the designed crown and prepared tooth are closely matched to allowappropriateadhesion.Using our ground truth crown, we can extract the margin line as a spline and sample the spline into 1000 points. We feed the obtained margin line along with two neighbor teeth of the prepared tooth and three closest teeth in the opposing jaw. We also add the margin line points to our ground truth crown to increase the resolution at the margin line. Our experimental results show an improvement in the quality of the designed crown when considering the actual context composed of the prepared tooth along with the margin line compared with a crown generated in an empty space as was done by other studies in the literature.
PixMIM: Rethinking Pixel Reconstruction in Masked Image Modeling
Authors: YuAn Liu, Songyang Zhang, Jiacheng Chen, Kai Chen, Dahua Lin
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Self-Supervised Learning

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) has achieved promising progress with the advent of Masked Autoencoders (MAE) and BEiT. However, subsequent works have complicated the framework with new auxiliary tasks or extra pre-trained models, inevitably increasing computational overhead. This paper undertakes a fundamental analysis of MIM from the perspective of pixel reconstruction, which examines the input image patches and reconstruction target, and highlights two critical but previously overlooked bottlenecks. Based on this analysis, we propose a remarkably simple and effective method, {\ourmethod}, that entails two strategies: 1) filtering the high-frequency components from the reconstruction target to de-emphasize the network's focus on texture-rich details and 2) adopting a conservative data transform strategy to alleviate the problem of missing foreground in MIM training. {\ourmethod} can be easily integrated into most existing pixel-based MIM approaches (\ie, using raw images as reconstruction target) with negligible additional computation. Without bells and whistles, our method consistently improves three MIM approaches, MAE, ConvMAE, and LSMAE, across various downstream tasks. We believe this effective plug-and-play method will serve as a strong baseline for self-supervised learning and provide insights for future improvements of the MIM framework. Code and models are available at \url{https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/tree/dev-1.x/configs/selfsup/pixmim}.
Improved Trajectory Reconstruction for Markerless Pose Estimation
Authors: R. James Cotton, Anthony Cimorelli, Kunal Shah, Shawana Anarwala, Scott Uhlrich, Tasos Karakostas
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Tasks: Pose Estimation

Markerless pose estimation allows reconstructing human movement from multiple synchronized and calibrated views, and has the potential to make movement analysis easy and quick, including gait analysis. This could enable much more frequent and quantitative characterization of gait impairments, allowing better monitoring of outcomes and responses to interventions. However, the impact of different keypoint detectors and reconstruction algorithms on markerless pose estimation accuracy has not been thoroughly evaluated. We tested these algorithmic choices on data acquired from a multicamera system from a heterogeneous sample of 25 individuals seen in a rehabilitation hospital. We found that using a top-down keypoint detector and reconstructing trajectories with an implicit function enabled accurate, smooth and anatomically plausible trajectories, with a noise in the step width estimates compared to a GaitRite walkway of only 8mm.
Fine-Grained Classification with Noisy Labels
Authors: Qi Wei, Lei Feng, Haoliang Sun, Ren Wang, Chenhui Guo, Yilong Yin
Date: 2023-03-04 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2023 1
Tasks: Classification, Contrastive Learning, Learning with noisy labels

Learning with noisy labels (LNL) aims to ensure model generalization given a label-corrupted training set. In this work, we investigate a rarely studied scenario of LNL on fine-grained datasets (LNL-FG), which is more practical and challenging as large inter-class ambiguities among fine-grained classes cause more noisy labels. We empirically show that existing methods that work well for LNL fail to achieve satisfying performance for LNL-FG, arising the practical need of effective solutions for LNL-FG. To this end, we propose a novel framework called stochastic noise-tolerated supervised contrastive learning (SNSCL) that confronts label noise by encouraging distinguishable representation. Specifically, we design a noise-tolerated supervised contrastive learning loss that incorporates a weight-aware mechanism for noisy label correction and selectively updating momentum queue lists. By this mechanism, we mitigate the effects of noisy anchors and avoid inserting noisy labels into the momentum-updated queue. Besides, to avoid manually-defined augmentation strategies in contrastive learning, we propose an efficient stochastic module that samples feature embeddings from a generated distribution, which can also enhance the representation ability of deep models. SNSCL is general and compatible with prevailing robust LNL strategies to improve their performance for LNL-FG. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of SNSCL.