pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Digital Histopathology with Graph Neural Networks: Concepts and Explanations for Clinicians
Authors: Alessandro Farace di Villaforesta, Lucie Charlotte Magister, Pietro Barbiero, Pietro Liò
Date: 2023-12-04 00:00:00
Tasks: graph construction, Panoptic Segmentation

To address the challenge of the ``black-box" nature of deep learning in medical settings, we combine GCExplainer - an automated concept discovery solution - along with Logic Explained Networks to provide global explanations for Graph Neural Networks. We demonstrate this using a generally applicable graph construction and classification pipeline, involving panoptic segmentation with HoVer-Net and cancer prediction with Graph Convolution Networks. By training on H&E slides of breast cancer, we show promising results in offering explainable and trustworthy AI tools for clinicians.
Tracing Hyperparameter Dependencies for Model Parsing via Learnable Graph Pooling Network
Authors: Xiao Guo, Vishal Asnani, Sijia Liu, Xiaoming Liu
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Node Classification

Model Parsing defines the research task of predicting hyperparameters of the generative model (GM), given a generated image as input. Since a diverse set of hyperparameters is jointly employed by the generative model, and dependencies often exist among them, it is crucial to learn these hyperparameter dependencies for the improved model parsing performance. To explore such important dependencies, we propose a novel model parsing method called Learnable Graph Pooling Network (LGPN). Specifically, we transform model parsing into a graph node classification task, using graph nodes and edges to represent hyperparameters and their dependencies, respectively. Furthermore, LGPN incorporates a learnable pooling-unpooling mechanism tailored to model parsing, which adaptively learns hyperparameter dependencies of GMs used to generate the input image. We also extend our proposed method to CNN-generated image detection and coordinate attacks detection. Empirically, we achieve state-of-the-art results in model parsing and its extended applications, showing the effectiveness of our method. Our source code are available.
InvertAvatar: Incremental GAN Inversion for Generalized Head Avatars
Authors: Xiaochen Zhao, Jingxiang Sun, Lizhen Wang, Jinli Suo, Yebin Liu
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Image-to-Image Translation

While high fidelity and efficiency are central to the creation of digital head avatars, recent methods relying on 2D or 3D generative models often experience limitations such as shape distortion, expression inaccuracy, and identity flickering. Additionally, existing one-shot inversion techniques fail to fully leverage multiple input images for detailed feature extraction. We propose a novel framework, \textbf{Incremental 3D GAN Inversion}, that enhances avatar reconstruction performance using an algorithm designed to increase the fidelity from multiple frames, resulting in improved reconstruction quality proportional to frame count. Our method introduces a unique animatable 3D GAN prior with two crucial modifications for enhanced expression controllability alongside an innovative neural texture encoder that categorizes texture feature spaces based on UV parameterization. Differentiating from traditional techniques, our architecture emphasizes pixel-aligned image-to-image translation, mitigating the need to learn correspondences between observation and canonical spaces. Furthermore, we incorporate ConvGRU-based recurrent networks for temporal data aggregation from multiple frames, boosting geometry and texture detail reconstruction. The proposed paradigm demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on one-shot and few-shot avatar animation tasks. Code will be available at https://github.com/XChenZ/invertAvatar.
Slice3D: Multi-Slice, Occlusion-Revealing, Single View 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Yizhi Wang, Wallace Lira, Wenqi Wang, Ali Mahdavi-Amiri, Hao Zhang
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, Denoising, GPU, Single-View 3D Reconstruction

We introduce multi-slice reasoning, a new notion for single-view 3D reconstruction which challenges the current and prevailing belief that multi-view synthesis is the most natural conduit between single-view and 3D. Our key observation is that object slicing is more advantageous than altering views to reveal occluded structures. Specifically, slicing is more occlusion-revealing since it can peel through any occluders without obstruction. In the limit, i.e., with infinitely many slices, it is guaranteed to unveil all hidden object parts. We realize our idea by developing Slice3D, a novel method for single-view 3D reconstruction which first predicts multi-slice images from a single RGB image and then integrates the slices into a 3D model using a coordinate-based transformer network for signed distance prediction. The slice images can be regressed or generated, both through a U-Net based network. For the former, we inject a learnable slice indicator code to designate each decoded image into a spatial slice location, while the slice generator is a denoising diffusion model operating on the entirety of slice images stacked on the input channels. We conduct extensive evaluation against state-of-the-art alternatives to demonstrate superiority of our method, especially in recovering complex and severely occluded shape structures, amid ambiguities. All Slice3D results were produced by networks trained on a single Nvidia A40 GPU, with an inference time less than 20 seconds.
QuantAttack: Exploiting Dynamic Quantization to Attack Vision Transformers
Authors: Amit Baras, Alon Zolfi, Yuval Elovici, Asaf Shabtai
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Quantization

In recent years, there has been a significant trend in deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly transformer-based models, of developing ever-larger and more capable models. While they demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, their growing scale requires increased computational resources (e.g., GPUs with greater memory capacity). To address this problem, quantization techniques (i.e., low-bit-precision representation and matrix multiplication) have been proposed. Most quantization techniques employ a static strategy in which the model parameters are quantized, either during training or inference, without considering the test-time sample. In contrast, dynamic quantization techniques, which have become increasingly popular, adapt during inference based on the input provided, while maintaining full-precision performance. However, their dynamic behavior and average-case performance assumption makes them vulnerable to a novel threat vector -- adversarial attacks that target the model's efficiency and availability. In this paper, we present QuantAttack, a novel attack that targets the availability of quantized models, slowing down the inference, and increasing memory usage and energy consumption. We show that carefully crafted adversarial examples, which are designed to exhaust the resources of the operating system, can trigger worst-case performance. In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack on vision transformers on a wide range of tasks, both uni-modal and multi-modal. We also examine the effect of different attack variants (e.g., a universal perturbation) and the transferability between different models.
Behind the Magic, MERLIM: Multi-modal Evaluation Benchmark for Large Image-Language Models
Authors: Andrés Villa, Juan Carlos León Alcázar, Alvaro Soto, Bernard Ghanem
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Hallucination, Visual Grounding

Large Vision and Language Models have enabled significant advances in fully supervised and zero-shot visual tasks. These large architectures serve as the baseline to what is currently known as Instruction Tuning Large Vision and Language models (IT-LVLMs). IT-LVLMs are general-purpose multi-modal assistants whose responses are modulated by natural language instructions and visual data. Despite this versatility, IT-LVLM effectiveness in fundamental computer vision problems remains unclear, primarily due to the absence of a standardized evaluation benchmark. This paper introduces a Multi-modal Evaluation Benchmark named MERLIM, a scalable test-bed to assess the capabilities of IT-LVLMs on fundamental computer vision tasks. MERLIM contains over 300K image-question pairs and has a strong focus on detecting cross-modal "hallucination" events in IT-LVLMs. Our results bring important insights on the performance of state-of-the-art IT-LVMLs including limitations at identifying fine-grained visual concepts, object hallucinations across tasks, and biases towards the language query. Our findings also suggest that these models have weak visual grounding, but manage to make adequate guesses from global visual patterns or language biases contained in the LLM component.
WavePlanes: Compact Hex Planes for Dynamic Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Adrian Azzarelli, Nantheera Anantrasirichai, David R Bull
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Novel View Synthesis

Dynamic Novel View Synthesis (Dynamic NVS) enhances NVS technologies to model moving 3-D scenes. However, current methods are resource intensive and challenging to compress. To address this, we present WavePlanes, a fast and more compact hex plane representation, applicable to both Neural Radiance Fields and Gaussian Splatting methods. Rather than modeling many feature scales separately (as done previously), we use the inverse discrete wavelet transform to reconstruct features at varying scales. This leads to a more compact representation and allows us to explore wavelet-based compression schemes for further gains. The proposed compression scheme exploits the sparsity of wavelet coefficients, by applying hard thresholding to the wavelet planes and storing nonzero coefficients and their locations on each plane in a Hash Map. Compared to the state-of-the-art (SotA), WavePlanes is significantly smaller, less resource demanding and competitive in reconstruction quality. Compared to small SotA models, WavePlanes outperforms methods in both model size and quality of novel views.
A Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Point Cloud Upsampling
Authors: Wentao Qu, Yuantian Shao, Lingwu Meng, Xiaoshui Huang, Liang Xiao
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Denoising, point cloud upsampling

Point cloud upsampling (PCU) enriches the representation of raw point clouds, significantly improving the performance in downstream tasks such as classification and reconstruction. Most of the existing point cloud upsampling methods focus on sparse point cloud feature extraction and upsampling module design. In a different way, we dive deeper into directly modelling the gradient of data distribution from dense point clouds. In this paper, we proposed a conditional denoising diffusion probability model (DDPM) for point cloud upsampling, called PUDM. Specifically, PUDM treats the sparse point cloud as a condition, and iteratively learns the transformation relationship between the dense point cloud and the noise. Simultaneously, PUDM aligns with a dual mapping paradigm to further improve the discernment of point features. In this context, PUDM enables learning complex geometry details in the ground truth through the dominant features, while avoiding an additional upsampling module design. Furthermore, to generate high-quality arbitrary-scale point clouds during inference, PUDM exploits the prior knowledge of the scale between sparse point clouds and dense point clouds during training by parameterizing a rate factor. Moreover, PUDM exhibits strong noise robustness in experimental results. In the quantitative and qualitative evaluations on PU1K and PUGAN, PUDM significantly outperformed existing methods in terms of Chamfer Distance (CD) and Hausdorff Distance (HD), achieving state of the art (SOTA) performance.
DragVideo: Interactive Drag-style Video Editing
Authors: Yufan Deng, Ruida Wang, Yuhao Zhang, Yu-Wing Tai, Chi-Keung Tang
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Video Editing, Video Generation

Video generation models have shown their superior ability to generate photo-realistic video. However, how to accurately control (or edit) the video remains a formidable challenge. The main issues are: 1) how to perform direct and accurate user control in editing; 2) how to execute editings like changing shape, expression, and layout without unsightly distortion and artifacts to the edited content; and 3) how to maintain spatio-temporal consistency of video after editing. To address the above issues, we propose DragVideo, a general drag-style video editing framework. Inspired by DragGAN, DragVideo addresses issues 1) and 2) by proposing the drag-style video latent optimization method which gives desired control by updating noisy video latent according to drag instructions through video-level drag objective function. We amend issue 3) by integrating the video diffusion model with sample-specific LoRA and Mutual Self-Attention in DragVideo to ensure the edited result is spatio-temporally consistent. We also present a series of testing examples for drag-style video editing and conduct extensive experiments across a wide array of challenging editing tasks, such as motion, skeleton editing, etc, underscoring DragVideo can edit video in an intuitive, faithful to the user's intention manner, with nearly unnoticeable distortion and artifacts, while maintaining spatio-temporal consistency. While traditional prompt-based video editing fails to do the former two and directly applying image drag editing fails in the last, DragVideo's versatility and generality are emphasized. Github link: https://github.com/RickySkywalker/DragVideo-Official.
FlashAvatar: High-fidelity Head Avatar with Efficient Gaussian Embedding
Authors: Jun Xiang, Xuan Gao, Yudong Guo, Juyong Zhang
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Face Model, GPU

We propose FlashAvatar, a novel and lightweight 3D animatable avatar representation that could reconstruct a digital avatar from a short monocular video sequence in minutes and render high-fidelity photo-realistic images at 300FPS on a consumer-grade GPU. To achieve this, we maintain a uniform 3D Gaussian field embedded in the surface of a parametric face model and learn extra spatial offset to model non-surface regions and subtle facial details. While full use of geometric priors can capture high-frequency facial details and preserve exaggerated expressions, proper initialization can help reduce the number of Gaussians, thus enabling super-fast rendering speed. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that FlashAvatar outperforms existing works regarding visual quality and personalized details and is almost an order of magnitude faster in rendering speed. Project page: https://ustc3dv.github.io/FlashAvatar/
Portrait Diffusion: Training-free Face Stylization with Chain-of-Painting
Authors: Jin Liu, Huaibo Huang, Chao Jin, Ran He
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Reconstruction

Face stylization refers to the transformation of a face into a specific portrait style. However, current methods require the use of example-based adaptation approaches to fine-tune pre-trained generative models so that they demand lots of time and storage space and fail to achieve detailed style transformation. This paper proposes a training-free face stylization framework, named Portrait Diffusion. This framework leverages off-the-shelf text-to-image diffusion models, eliminating the need for fine-tuning specific examples. Specifically, the content and style images are first inverted into latent codes. Then, during image reconstruction using the corresponding latent code, the content and style features in the attention space are delicately blended through a modified self-attention operation called Style Attention Control. Additionally, a Chain-of-Painting method is proposed for the gradual redrawing of unsatisfactory areas from rough adjustments to fine-tuning. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our Portrait Diffusion method and demonstrate the superiority of Chain-of-Painting in achieving precise face stylization. Code will be released at \url{https://github.com/liujin112/PortraitDiffusion}.
Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network Synthetic CT for MR-only Adaptive Radiation Therapy on MR-Linac
Authors: Gabriel L. Asher, Bassem I. Zaki, Gregory A. Russo, Gobind S. Gill, Charles R. Thomas, Temiloluwa O. Prioleau, Rongxiao Zhang, Brady Hunt
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Generative Adversarial Network, SSIM

Purpose: This study assesses the effectiveness of Deep Learning (DL) for creating synthetic CT (sCT) images in MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (MRgART). Methods: A Cycle-GAN model was trained with MRI and CT scan slices from MR-LINAC treatments, generating sCT volumes. The analysis involved retrospective treatment plan data from patients with various tumors. sCT images were compared with standard CT scans using mean absolute error in Hounsfield Units (HU) and image similarity metrics (SSIM, PSNR, NCC). sCT volumes were integrated into a clinical treatment system for dosimetric re-evaluation. Results: The model, trained on 8405 frames from 57 patients and tested on 357 sCT frames from 17 patients, showed sCTs comparable to dCTs in electron density and structural similarity with MRI scans. The MAE between sCT and dCT was 49.2 +/- 13.2 HU, with sCT NCC exceeding dCT by 0.06, and SSIM and PSNR at 0.97 +/- 0.01 and 19.9 +/- 1.6 respectively. Dosimetric evaluations indicated minimal differences between sCTs and dCTs, with sCTs showing better air-bubble reconstruction. Conclusions: DL-based sCT generation on MR-Linacs is accurate for dose calculation and optimization in MRgART. This could facilitate MR-only treatment planning, enhancing simulation and adaptive planning efficiency on MR-Linacs.
AttriHuman-3D: Editable 3D Human Avatar Generation with Attribute Decomposition and Indexing
Authors: Fan Yang, Tianyi Chen, Xiaosheng He, Zhongang Cai, Lei Yang, Si Wu, Guosheng Lin
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Attribute, Disentanglement

Editable 3D-aware generation, which supports user-interacted editing, has witnessed rapid development recently. However, existing editable 3D GANs either fail to achieve high-accuracy local editing or suffer from huge computational costs. We propose AttriHuman-3D, an editable 3D human generation model, which address the aforementioned problems with attribute decomposition and indexing. The core idea of the proposed model is to generate all attributes (e.g. human body, hair, clothes and so on) in an overall attribute space with six feature planes, which are then decomposed and manipulated with different attribute indexes. To precisely extract features of different attributes from the generated feature planes, we propose a novel attribute indexing method as well as an orthogonal projection regularization to enhance the disentanglement. We also introduce a hyper-latent training strategy and an attribute-specific sampling strategy to avoid style entanglement and misleading punishment from the discriminator. Our method allows users to interactively edit selected attributes in the generated 3D human avatars while keeping others fixed. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our model provides a strong disentanglement between different attributes, allows fine-grained image editing and generates high-quality 3D human avatars.
A Data-efficient Framework for Robotics Large-scale LiDAR Scene Parsing
Authors: Kangcheng Liu
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Navigation, Data Augmentation, Instance Segmentation, object-detection, Object Detection, Scene Parsing, Semantic Segmentation

Existing state-of-the-art 3D point clouds understanding methods only perform well in a fully supervised manner. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no unified framework which simultaneously solves the downstream high-level understanding tasks, especially when labels are extremely limited. This work presents a general and simple framework to tackle point clouds understanding when labels are limited. We propose a novel unsupervised region expansion based clustering method for generating clusters. More importantly, we innovatively propose to learn to merge the over-divided clusters based on the local low-level geometric property similarities and the learned high-level feature similarities supervised by weak labels. Hence, the true weak labels guide pseudo labels merging taking both geometric and semantic feature correlations into consideration. Finally, the self-supervised reconstruction and data augmentation optimization modules are proposed to guide the propagation of labels among semantically similar points within a scene. Experimental Results demonstrate that our framework has the best performance among the three most important weakly supervised point clouds understanding tasks including semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and object detection even when limited points are labeled, under the data-efficient settings for the large-scale 3D semantic scene parsing. The developed techniques have postentials to be applied to downstream tasks for better representations in robotic manipulation and robotic autonomous navigation. Codes and models are publicly available at: https://github.com/KangchengLiu.
TranSegPGD: Improving Transferability of Adversarial Examples on Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Xiaojun Jia, Jindong Gu, Yihao Huang, Simeng Qin, Qing Guo, Yang Liu, Xiaochun Cao
Date: 2023-12-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Attack, image-classification, Image Classification, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Transferability of adversarial examples on image classification has been systematically explored, which generates adversarial examples in black-box mode. However, the transferability of adversarial examples on semantic segmentation has been largely overlooked. In this paper, we propose an effective two-stage adversarial attack strategy to improve the transferability of adversarial examples on semantic segmentation, dubbed TranSegPGD. Specifically, at the first stage, every pixel in an input image is divided into different branches based on its adversarial property. Different branches are assigned different weights for optimization to improve the adversarial performance of all pixels.We assign high weights to the loss of the hard-to-attack pixels to misclassify all pixels. At the second stage, the pixels are divided into different branches based on their transferable property which is dependent on Kullback-Leibler divergence. Different branches are assigned different weights for optimization to improve the transferability of the adversarial examples. We assign high weights to the loss of the high-transferability pixels to improve the transferability of adversarial examples. Extensive experiments with various segmentation models are conducted on PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed adversarial attack method can achieve state-of-the-art performance.