pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Moderately Distributional Exploration for Domain Generalization
Authors: Rui Dai, Yonggang Zhang, Zhen Fang, Bo Han, Xinmei Tian
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Generalization

Domain generalization (DG) aims to tackle the distribution shift between training domains and unknown target domains. Generating new domains is one of the most effective approaches, yet its performance gain depends on the distribution discrepancy between the generated and target domains. Distributionally robust optimization is promising to tackle distribution discrepancy by exploring domains in an uncertainty set. However, the uncertainty set may be overwhelmingly large, leading to low-confidence prediction in DG. It is because a large uncertainty set could introduce domains containing semantically different factors from training domains. To address this issue, we propose to perform a $\textbf{mo}$derately $\textbf{d}$istributional $\textbf{e}$xploration (MODE) for domain generalization. Specifically, MODE performs distribution exploration in an uncertainty $\textit{subset}$ that shares the same semantic factors with the training domains. We show that MODE can endow models with provable generalization performance on unknown target domains. The experimental results show that MODE achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
SkinSAM: Empowering Skin Cancer Segmentation with Segment Anything Model
Authors: Mingzhe Hu, Yuheng Li, Xiaofeng Yang
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation, Skin Cancer Segmentation

Skin cancer is a prevalent and potentially fatal disease that requires accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment. Although manual tracing is the current standard in clinics, automated tools are desired to reduce human labor and improve accuracy. However, developing such tools is challenging due to the highly variable appearance of skin cancers and complex objects in the background. In this paper, we present SkinSAM, a fine-tuned model based on the Segment Anything Model that showed outstanding segmentation performance. The models are validated on HAM10000 dataset which includes 10015 dermatoscopic images. While larger models (ViT_L, ViT_H) performed better than the smaller one (ViT_b), the finetuned model (ViT_b_finetuned) exhibited the greatest improvement, with a Mean pixel accuracy of 0.945, Mean dice score of 0.8879, and Mean IoU score of 0.7843. Among the lesion types, vascular lesions showed the best segmentation results. Our research demonstrates the great potential of adapting SAM to medical image segmentation tasks.
Human-machine knowledge hybrid augmentation method for surface defect detection based few-data learning
Authors: Yu Gong, Xiaoqiao Wang, ChiChun Zhou
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Defect Detection

Visual-based defect detection is a crucial but challenging task in industrial quality control. Most mainstream methods rely on large amounts of existing or related domain data as auxiliary information. However, in actual industrial production, there are often multi-batch, low-volume manufacturing scenarios with rapidly changing task demands, making it difficult to obtain sufficient and diverse defect data. This paper proposes a parallel solution that uses a human-machine knowledge hybrid augmentation method to help the model extract unknown important features. Specifically, by incorporating experts' knowledge of abnormality to create data with rich features, positions, sizes, and backgrounds, we can quickly accumulate an amount of data from scratch and provide it to the model as prior knowledge for few-data learning. The proposed method was evaluated on the magnetic tile dataset and achieved F1-scores of 60.73%, 70.82%, 77.09%, and 82.81% when using 2, 5, 10, and 15 training images, respectively. Compared to the traditional augmentation method's F1-score of 64.59%, the proposed method achieved an 18.22% increase in the best result, demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness in few-data industrial defect detection.
Automatic Localization and Detection Applicable to Robust Image Watermarking Resisting against Camera Shooting
Authors: Ming Liu
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00

Robust image watermarking that can resist camera shooting has become an active research topic in recent years due to the increasing demand for preventing sensitive information displayed on computer screens from being captured. However, many mainstream schemes require human assistance during the watermark detection process and cannot adapt to scenarios that require processing a large number of images. Although deep learning-based schemes enable end-to-end watermark embedding and detection, their limited generalization ability makes them vulnerable to failure in complex scenarios. In this paper, we propose a carefully crafted watermarking system that can resist camera shooting. The proposed scheme deals with two important problems: automatic watermark localization (AWL) and automatic watermark detection (AWD). AWL automatically identifies the region of interest (RoI), which contains watermark information, in the camera-shooting image by analyzing the local statistical characteristics. Meanwhile, AWD extracts the hidden watermark from the identified RoI after applying perspective correction. Compared with previous works, the proposed scheme is fully automatic, making it ideal for application scenarios. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is not limited to any specific watermark embedding strategy, allowing for improvements in the watermark embedding and extraction procedure. Extensive experimental results and analysis show that the embedded watermark can be automatically and reliably extracted from the camera-shooting image in different scenarios, demonstrating the superiority and applicability of the proposed approach.
UCF: Uncovering Common Features for Generalizable Deepfake Detection
Authors: Zhiyuan Yan, Yong Zhang, Yanbo Fan, Baoyuan Wu
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Binary Classification, Decoder, DeepFake Detection, Disentanglement, Face Swapping, Multi-class Classification, Multi-Task Learning

Deepfake detection remains a challenging task due to the difficulty of generalizing to new types of forgeries. This problem primarily stems from the overfitting of existing detection methods to forgery-irrelevant features and method-specific patterns. The latter has been rarely studied and not well addressed by previous works. This paper presents a novel approach to address the two types of overfitting issues by uncovering common forgery features. Specifically, we first propose a disentanglement framework that decomposes image information into three distinct components: forgery-irrelevant, method-specific forgery, and common forgery features. To ensure the decoupling of method-specific and common forgery features, a multi-task learning strategy is employed, including a multi-class classification that predicts the category of the forgery method and a binary classification that distinguishes the real from the fake. Additionally, a conditional decoder is designed to utilize forgery features as a condition along with forgery-irrelevant features to generate reconstructed images. Furthermore, a contrastive regularization technique is proposed to encourage the disentanglement of the common and specific forgery features. Ultimately, we only utilize the common forgery features for the purpose of generalizable deepfake detection. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that our framework can perform superior generalization than current state-of-the-art methods.
A Deep Registration Method for Accurate Quantification of Joint Space Narrowing Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Haolin Wang, Yafei Ou, Wanxuan Fang, Prasoon Ambalathankandy, Naoto Goto, Gen Ota, Masayuki Ikebe, Tamotsu Kamishima
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Registration

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that results in progressive articular destruction and severe disability. Joint space narrowing (JSN) progression has been regarded as an important indicator for RA progression and has received sustained attention. In the diagnosis and monitoring of RA, radiology plays a crucial role to monitor joint space. A new framework for monitoring joint space by quantifying JSN progression through image registration in radiographic images has been developed. This framework offers the advantage of high accuracy, however, challenges do exist in reducing mismatches and improving reliability. In this work, a deep intra-subject rigid registration network is proposed to automatically quantify JSN progression in the early stage of RA. In our experiments, the mean-square error of Euclidean distance between moving and fixed image is 0.0031, standard deviation is 0.0661 mm, and the mismatching rate is 0.48\%. The proposed method has sub-pixel level accuracy, exceeding manual measurements by far, and is equipped with immune to noise, rotation, and scaling of joints. Moreover, this work provides loss visualization, which can aid radiologists and rheumatologists in assessing quantification reliability, with important implications for possible future clinical applications. As a result, we are optimistic that this proposed work will make a significant contribution to the automatic quantification of JSN progression in RA.
Retrieval-based Knowledge Augmented Vision Language Pre-training
Authors: Jiahua Rao, Zifei Shan, Longpo Liu, Yao Zhou, Yuedong Yang
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Entity Linking, Knowledge Graphs, Relational Reasoning, Representation Learning, Retrieval, Self-Supervised Learning, World Knowledge

With the recent progress in large-scale vision and language representation learning, Vision Language Pre-training (VLP) models have achieved promising improvements on various multi-modal downstream tasks. Albeit powerful, these models have not fully leveraged world knowledge to their advantage. A key challenge of knowledge-augmented VLP is the lack of clear connections between knowledge and multi-modal data. Moreover, not all knowledge present in images/texts is useful, therefore prior approaches often struggle to effectively integrate knowledge, visual, and textual information. In this study, we propose REtrieval-based knowledge Augmented Vision Language (REAVL), a novel knowledge-augmented pre-training framework to address the above issues. For the first time, we introduce a knowledge-aware self-supervised learning scheme that efficiently establishes the correspondence between knowledge and multi-modal data and identifies informative knowledge to improve the modeling of alignment and interactions between visual and textual modalities. By adaptively integrating informative knowledge with visual and textual information, REAVL achieves new state-of-the-art performance uniformly on knowledge-based vision-language understanding and multi-modal entity linking tasks, as well as competitive results on general vision-language tasks while only using 0.2% pre-training data of the best models. Our model shows strong sample efficiency and effective knowledge utilization.
Detection of Adversarial Physical Attacks in Time-Series Image Data
Authors: Ramneet Kaur, Yiannis Kantaros, Wenwen Si, James Weimer, Insup Lee
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Driving, Decision Making, object-detection, Object Detection, Time Series

Deep neural networks (DNN) have become a common sensing modality in autonomous systems as they allow for semantically perceiving the ambient environment given input images. Nevertheless, DNN models have proven to be vulnerable to adversarial digital and physical attacks. To mitigate this issue, several detection frameworks have been proposed to detect whether a single input image has been manipulated by adversarial digital noise or not. In our prior work, we proposed a real-time detector, called VisionGuard (VG), for adversarial physical attacks against single input images to DNN models. Building upon that work, we propose VisionGuard* (VG), which couples VG with majority-vote methods, to detect adversarial physical attacks in time-series image data, e.g., videos. This is motivated by autonomous systems applications where images are collected over time using onboard sensors for decision-making purposes. We emphasize that majority-vote mechanisms are quite common in autonomous system applications (among many other applications), as e.g., in autonomous driving stacks for object detection. In this paper, we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, how this widely used mechanism can be leveraged to enhance the performance of adversarial detectors. We have evaluated VG* on videos of both clean and physically attacked traffic signs generated by a state-of-the-art robust physical attack. We provide extensive comparative experiments against detectors that have been designed originally for out-of-distribution data and digitally attacked images.
MIPI 2023 Challenge on RGB+ToF Depth Completion: Methods and Results
Authors: Qingpeng Zhu, Wenxiu Sun, Yuekun Dai, Chongyi Li, Shangchen Zhou, Ruicheng Feng, Qianhui Sun, Chen Change Loy, Jinwei Gu, Yi Yu, Yangke Huang, Kang Zhang, Meiya Chen, Yu Wang, Yongchao Li, Hao Jiang, Amrit Kumar Muduli, Vikash Kumar, Kunal Swami, Pankaj Kumar Bajpai, Yunchao Ma, Jiajun Xiao, Zhi Ling
Date: 2023-04-27 00:00:00
Tasks: Depth Completion

Depth completion from RGB images and sparse Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurements is an important problem in computer vision and robotics. While traditional methods for depth completion have relied on stereo vision or structured light techniques, recent advances in deep learning have enabled more accurate and efficient completion of depth maps from RGB images and sparse ToF measurements. To evaluate the performance of different depth completion methods, we organized an RGB+sparse ToF depth completion competition. The competition aimed to encourage research in this area by providing a standardized dataset and evaluation metrics to compare the accuracy of different approaches. In this report, we present the results of the competition and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the top-performing methods. We also discuss the implications of our findings for future research in RGB+sparse ToF depth completion. We hope that this competition and report will help to advance the state-of-the-art in this important area of research. More details of this challenge and the link to the dataset can be found at https://mipi-challenge.org/MIPI2023.
Deep Learning Techniques for Hyperspectral Image Analysis in Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Mohamed Fadhlallah Guerri, Cosimo Distante, Paolo Spagnolo, Fares Bougourzi, Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning, Hyperspectral image analysis, Position

In the recent years, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has gained considerably popularity among computer vision researchers for its potential in solving remote sensing problems, especially in agriculture field. However, HSI classification is a complex task due to the high redundancy of spectral bands, limited training samples, and non-linear relationship between spatial position and spectral bands. Fortunately, deep learning techniques have shown promising results in HSI analysis. This literature review explores recent applications of deep learning approaches such as Autoencoders, Convolutional Neural Networks (1D, 2D, and 3D), Recurrent Neural Networks, Deep Belief Networks, and Generative Adversarial Networks in agriculture. The performance of these approaches has been evaluated and discussed on well-known land cover datasets including Indian Pines, Salinas Valley, and Pavia University.
GazeSAM: What You See is What You Segment
Authors: Bin Wang, Armstrong Aboah, Zheyuan Zhang, Ulas Bagci
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

This study investigates the potential of eye-tracking technology and the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to design a collaborative human-computer interaction system that automates medical image segmentation. We present the \textbf{GazeSAM} system to enable radiologists to collect segmentation masks by simply looking at the region of interest during image diagnosis. The proposed system tracks radiologists' eye movement and utilizes the eye-gaze data as the input prompt for SAM, which automatically generates the segmentation mask in real time. This study is the first work to leverage the power of eye-tracking technology and SAM to enhance the efficiency of daily clinical practice. Moreover, eye-gaze data coupled with image and corresponding segmentation labels can be easily recorded for further advanced eye-tracking research. The code is available in \url{https://github.com/ukaukaaaa/GazeSAM}.
MAPConNet: Self-supervised 3D Pose Transfer with Mesh and Point Contrastive Learning
Authors: Jiaze Sun, Zhixiang Chen, Tae-Kyun Kim
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2023 1
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Pose Transfer

3D pose transfer is a challenging generation task that aims to transfer the pose of a source geometry onto a target geometry with the target identity preserved. Many prior methods require keypoint annotations to find correspondence between the source and target. Current pose transfer methods allow end-to-end correspondence learning but require the desired final output as ground truth for supervision. Unsupervised methods have been proposed for graph convolutional models but they require ground truth correspondence between the source and target inputs. We present a novel self-supervised framework for 3D pose transfer which can be trained in unsupervised, semi-supervised, or fully supervised settings without any correspondence labels. We introduce two contrastive learning constraints in the latent space: a mesh-level loss for disentangling global patterns including pose and identity, and a point-level loss for discriminating local semantics. We demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively that our method achieves state-of-the-art results in supervised 3D pose transfer, with comparable results in unsupervised and semi-supervised settings. Our method is also generalisable to unseen human and animal data with complex topologies.
Latent Fingerprint Recognition: Fusion of Local and Global Embeddings
Authors: Steven A. Grosz, Anil K. Jain
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00

One of the most challenging problems in fingerprint recognition continues to be establishing the identity of a suspect associated with partial and smudgy fingerprints left at a crime scene (i.e., latent prints or fingermarks). Despite the success of fixed-length embeddings for rolled and slap fingerprint recognition, the features learned for latent fingerprint matching have mostly been limited to local minutiae-based embeddings and have not directly leveraged global representations for matching. In this paper, we combine global embeddings with local embeddings for state-of-the-art latent to rolled matching accuracy with high throughput. The combination of both local and global representations leads to improved recognition accuracy across NIST SD 27, NIST SD 302, MSP, MOLF DB1/DB4, and MOLF DB2/DB4 latent fingerprint datasets for both closed-set (84.11%, 54.36%, 84.35%, 70.43%, 62.86% rank-1 retrieval rate, respectively) and open-set (0.50, 0.74, 0.44, 0.60, 0.68 FNIR at FPIR=0.02, respectively) identification scenarios on a gallery of 100K rolled fingerprints. Not only do we fuse the complimentary representations, we also use the local features to guide the global representations to focus on discriminatory regions in two fingerprint images to be compared. This leads to a multi-stage matching paradigm in which subsets of the retrieved candidate lists for each probe image are passed to subsequent stages for further processing, resulting in a considerable reduction in latency (requiring just 0.068 ms per latent to rolled comparison on a AMD EPYC 7543 32-Core Processor, roughly 15K comparisons per second). Finally, we show the generalizability of the fused representations for improving authentication accuracy across several rolled, plain, and contactless fingerprint datasets.
Customized Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Kaidong Zhang, Dong Liu
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Image Segmentation, Medical Image Segmentation, model, Organ Segmentation, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

We propose SAMed, a general solution for medical image segmentation. Different from the previous methods, SAMed is built upon the large-scale image segmentation model, Segment Anything Model (SAM), to explore the new research paradigm of customizing large-scale models for medical image segmentation. SAMed applies the low-rank-based (LoRA) finetuning strategy to the SAM image encoder and finetunes it together with the prompt encoder and the mask decoder on labeled medical image segmentation datasets. We also observe the warmup finetuning strategy and the AdamW optimizer lead SAMed to successful convergence and lower loss. Different from SAM, SAMed could perform semantic segmentation on medical images. Our trained SAMed model achieves 81.88 DSC and 20.64 HD on the Synapse multi-organ segmentation dataset, which is on par with the state-of-the-art methods. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of our design. Since SAMed only updates a small fraction of the SAM parameters, its deployment cost and storage cost are quite marginal in practical usage. The code of SAMed is available at https://github.com/hitachinsk/SAMed.
Advancing Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis: A Novel Two-Stage Approach for Blood Clot Origin Identification
Authors: Koushik Sivarama Krishnan, P. J. Joe Nikesh, Swathi Gnanasekar, Karthik Sivarama Krishnan
Date: 2023-04-26 00:00:00
Tasks: Computed Tomography (CT), image-classification, Image Classification, Management

An innovative two-stage methodology for categorizing blood clot origins is presented in this paper, which is important for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. First, a background classifier based on MobileNetV3 segments big whole-slide digital pathology images into numerous tiles to detect the presence of cellular material. After that, different pre-trained image classification algorithms are fine-tuned to determine the origin of blood clots. Due to complex blood flow dynamics and limitations in conventional imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound, identifying the sources of blood clots is a challenging task. Although these techniques are useful for identifying blood clots, they are not very good at determining how they originated. To address these challenges, our method makes use of robust computer vision models that have been refined using information from whole-slide digital pathology images. Out of all the models tested, the PoolFormer \cite{yu2022metaformer} performs better than the others, with 93.4\% accuracy, 93.4\% precision, 93.4\% recall, and 93.4\% F1-score. Moreover, it achieves the good weighted multi-class logarithmic loss (WMCLL) of 0.4361, which emphasizes how effective it is in this particular application. These encouraging findings suggest that our approach can successfully identify the origin of blood clots in a variety of vascular locations, potentially advancing ischemic stroke diagnosis and treatment approaches.