pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
KXNet: A Model-Driven Deep Neural Network for Blind Super-Resolution
Authors: Jiahong Fu, Hong Wang, Qi Xie, Qian Zhao, Deyu Meng, Zongben Xu
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Blind Super-Resolution, Image Super-Resolution, Specificity, Super-Resolution

Although current deep learning-based methods have gained promising performance in the blind single image super-resolution (SISR) task, most of them mainly focus on heuristically constructing diverse network architectures and put less emphasis on the explicit embedding of the physical generation mechanism between blur kernels and high-resolution (HR) images. To alleviate this issue, we propose a model-driven deep neural network, called KXNet, for blind SISR. Specifically, to solve the classical SISR model, we propose a simple-yet-effective iterative algorithm. Then by unfolding the involved iterative steps into the corresponding network module, we naturally construct the KXNet. The main specificity of the proposed KXNet is that the entire learning process is fully and explicitly integrated with the inherent physical mechanism underlying this SISR task. Thus, the learned blur kernel has clear physical patterns and the mutually iterative process between blur kernel and HR image can soundly guide the KXNet to be evolved in the right direction. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real data finely demonstrate the superior accuracy and generality of our method beyond the current representative state-of-the-art blind SISR methods. Code is available at: https://github.com/jiahong-fu/KXNet.
I2DFormer: Learning Image to Document Attention for Zero-Shot Image Classification
Authors: Muhammad Ferjad Naeem, Yongqin Xian, Luc van Gool, Federico Tombari
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Generalized Zero-Shot Learning, image-classification, Image Classification, Word Embeddings, Zero-Shot Image Classification, Zero-Shot Learning

Despite the tremendous progress in zero-shot learning(ZSL), the majority of existing methods still rely on human-annotated attributes, which are difficult to annotate and scale. An unsupervised alternative is to represent each class using the word embedding associated with its semantic class name. However, word embeddings extracted from pre-trained language models do not necessarily capture visual similarities, resulting in poor zero-shot performance. In this work, we argue that online textual documents, e.g., Wikipedia, contain rich visual descriptions about object classes, therefore can be used as powerful unsupervised side information for ZSL. To this end, we propose I2DFormer, a novel transformer-based ZSL framework that jointly learns to encode images and documents by aligning both modalities in a shared embedding space. In order to distill discriminative visual words from noisy documents, we introduce a new cross-modal attention module that learns fine-grained interactions between image patches and document words. Consequently, our I2DFormer not only learns highly discriminative document embeddings that capture visual similarities but also gains the ability to localize visually relevant words in image regions. Quantitatively, we demonstrate that our I2DFormer significantly outperforms previous unsupervised semantic embeddings under both zero-shot and generalized zero-shot learning settings on three public datasets. Qualitatively, we show that our method leads to highly interpretable results where document words can be grounded in the image regions.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Reconstruction in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Chen Qin, Daniel Rueckert
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Computational Efficiency, Image Reconstruction

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have shown great potential in improving the medical imaging workflow, from image acquisition and reconstruction to disease diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, in recent years, there has been a significant growth in the use of AI and ML algorithms, especially Deep Learning (DL) based methods, for medical image reconstruction. DL techniques have shown to be competitive and often superior over conventional reconstruction methods in terms of both reconstruction quality and computational efficiency. The use of DL-based image reconstruction also provides promising opportunities to transform the way cardiac images are acquired and reconstructed. In this chapter, we will review recent advances in DL-based reconstruction techniques for cardiac imaging, with emphasis on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) image reconstruction. We mainly focus on supervised DL methods for the application, including image post-processing techniques, model-driven approaches and k-space based methods. Current limitations, challenges and future opportunities of DL for cardiac image reconstruction are also discussed.
AirFi: Empowering WiFi-based Passive Human Gesture Recognition to Unseen Environment via Domain Generalization
Authors: Dazhuo Wang, Jianfei Yang, Wei Cui, Lihua Xie, Sumei Sun
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Adaptation, Domain Generalization, Few-Shot Learning, Gesture Recognition

WiFi-based smart human sensing technology enabled by Channel State Information (CSI) has received great attention in recent years. However, CSI-based sensing systems suffer from performance degradation when deployed in different environments. Existing works solve this problem by domain adaptation using massive unlabeled high-quality data from the new environment, which is usually unavailable in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel augmented environment-invariant robust WiFi gesture recognition system named AirFi that deals with the issue of environment dependency from a new perspective. The AirFi is a novel domain generalization framework that learns the critical part of CSI regardless of different environments and generalizes the model to unseen scenarios, which does not require collecting any data for adaptation to the new environment. AirFi extracts the common features from several training environment settings and minimizes the distribution differences among them. The feature is further augmented to be more robust to environments. Moreover, the system can be further improved by few-shot learning techniques. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, AirFi is able to work in different environment settings without acquiring any CSI data from the new environment. The experimental results demonstrate that our system remains robust in the new environment and outperforms the compared systems.
Query-Guided Networks for Few-shot Fine-grained Classification and Person Search
Authors: Bharti Munjal, Alessandro Flaborea, Sikandar Amin, Federico Tombari, Fabio Galasso
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Metric Learning, Person Search, Region Proposal

Few-shot fine-grained classification and person search appear as distinct tasks and literature has treated them separately. But a closer look unveils important similarities: both tasks target categories that can only be discriminated by specific object details; and the relevant models should generalize to new categories, not seen during training. We propose a novel unified Query-Guided Network (QGN) applicable to both tasks. QGN consists of a Query-guided Siamese-Squeeze-and-Excitation subnetwork which re-weights both the query and gallery features across all network layers, a Query-guided Region Proposal subnetwork for query-specific localisation, and a Query-guided Similarity subnetwork for metric learning. QGN improves on a few recent few-shot fine-grained datasets, outperforming other techniques on CUB by a large margin. QGN also performs competitively on the person search CUHK-SYSU and PRW datasets, where we perform in-depth analysis.
BEVStereo: Enhancing Depth Estimation in Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Dynamic Temporal Stereo
Authors: Yinhao Li, Han Bao, Zheng Ge, Jinrong Yang, Jianjian Sun, Zeming Li
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Object Detection, Depth Estimation, object-detection, Object Detection

Bounded by the inherent ambiguity of depth perception, contemporary camera-based 3D object detection methods fall into the performance bottleneck. Intuitively, leveraging temporal multi-view stereo (MVS) technology is the natural knowledge for tackling this ambiguity. However, traditional attempts of MVS are flawed in two aspects when applying to 3D object detection scenes: 1) The affinity measurement among all views suffers expensive computation cost; 2) It is difficult to deal with outdoor scenarios where objects are often mobile. To this end, we introduce an effective temporal stereo method to dynamically select the scale of matching candidates, enable to significantly reduce computation overhead. Going one step further, we design an iterative algorithm to update more valuable candidates, making it adaptive to moving candidates. We instantiate our proposed method to multi-view 3D detector, namely BEVStereo. BEVStereo achieves the new state-of-the-art performance (i.e., 52.5% mAP and 61.0% NDS) on the camera-only track of nuScenes dataset. Meanwhile, extensive experiments reflect our method can deal with complex outdoor scenarios better than contemporary MVS approaches. Codes have been released at https://github.com/Megvii-BaseDetection/BEVStereo.
Intelligent wayfinding vehicle design based on visual recognition
Authors: Zhanyu Guo, Shenyuan Guo, Jialong Wang, Yifan Feng
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: distortion correction

Intelligent drug delivery trolley is an advanced intelligent drug delivery equipment. Compared with traditional manual drug delivery, it has higher drug delivery efficiency and lower error rate. In this project, an intelligent drug delivery car is designed and manufactured, which can recognize the road route and the room number of the target ward through visual recognition technology. The trolley selects the corresponding route according to the identified room number, accurately transports the drugs to the target ward, and can return to the pharmacy after the drugs are delivered. The intelligent drug delivery car uses DC power supply, and the motor drive module controls two DC motors, which overcomes the problem of excessive deviation of turning angle. The trolley line inspection function uses closed-loop control to improve the accuracy of line inspection and the controllability of trolley speed. The identification of ward number is completed by the camera module with microcontroller, and has the functions of adaptive adjustment of ambient brightness, distortion correction, automatic calibration and so on. The communication between two cooperative drug delivery vehicles is realized by Bluetooth module, which achieves efficient and accurate communication and interaction. Experiments show that the intelligent drug delivery car can accurately identify the room number and plan the route to deliver drugs to the far, middle and near wards, and has the characteristics of fast speed and accurate judgment. In addition, two drug delivery trolleys can cooperate to deliver drugs to the same ward, with high efficiency and high cooperation.
Kernel-Based Generalized Median Computation for Consensus Learning
Authors: Andreas Nienkötter, Xiaoyi Jiang
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00

Computing a consensus object from a set of given objects is a core problem in machine learning and pattern recognition. One popular approach is to formulate it as an optimization problem using the generalized median. Previous methods like the Prototype and Distance-Preserving Embedding methods transform objects into a vector space, solve the generalized median problem in this space, and inversely transform back into the original space. Both of these methods have been successfully applied to a wide range of object domains, where the generalized median problem has inherent high computational complexity (typically $\mathcal{NP}$-hard) and therefore approximate solutions are required. Previously, explicit embedding methods were used in the computation, which often do not reflect the spatial relationship between objects exactly. In this work we introduce a kernel-based generalized median framework that is applicable to both positive definite and indefinite kernels. This framework computes the relationship between objects and its generalized median in kernel space, without the need of an explicit embedding. We show that the spatial relationship between objects is more accurately represented in kernel space than in an explicit vector space using easy-to-compute kernels, and demonstrate superior performance of generalized median computation on datasets of three different domains. A software toolbox resulting from our work is made publicly available to encourage other researchers to explore the generalized median computation and applications.
Multi-Field De-interlacing using Deformable Convolution Residual Blocks and Self-Attention
Authors: Ronglei Ji, A. Murat Tekalp
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Super-Resolution, Video Deinterlacing, Video Restoration

Although deep learning has made significant impact on image/video restoration and super-resolution, learned deinterlacing has so far received less attention in academia or industry. This is despite deinterlacing is well-suited for supervised learning from synthetic data since the degradation model is known and fixed. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-field full frame-rate deinterlacing network, which adapts the state-of-the-art superresolution approaches to the deinterlacing task. Our model aligns features from adjacent fields to a reference field (to be deinterlaced) using both deformable convolution residual blocks and self attention. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides state-of-the-art deinterlacing results in terms of both numerical and perceptual performance. At the time of writing, our model ranks first in the Full FrameRate LeaderBoard at https://videoprocessing.ai/benchmarks/deinterlacer.html
D-InLoc++: Indoor Localization in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Martina Dubenova, Anna Zderadickova, Ondrej Kafka, Tomas Pajdla, Michal Polic
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Indoor Localization, Instance Segmentation, Pose Estimation, Real-time Instance Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Most state-of-the-art localization algorithms rely on robust relative pose estimation and geometry verification to obtain moving object agnostic camera poses in complex indoor environments. However, this approach is prone to mistakes if a scene contains repetitive structures, e.g., desks, tables, boxes, or moving people. We show that the movable objects incorporate non-negligible localization error and present a new straightforward method to predict the six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) pose more robustly. We equipped the localization pipeline InLoc with real-time instance segmentation network YOLACT++. The masks of dynamic objects are employed in the relative pose estimation step and in the final sorting of camera pose proposal. At first, we filter out the matches laying on masks of the dynamic objects. Second, we skip the comparison of query and synthetic images on the area related to the moving object. This procedure leads to a more robust localization. Lastly, we describe and improve the mistakes caused by gradient-based comparison between synthetic and query images and publish a new pipeline for simulation of environments with movable objects from the Matterport scans. All the codes are available on github.com/dubenma/D-InLocpp .
Learning Reconstructability for Drone Aerial Path Planning
Authors: Yilin Liu, Liqiang Lin, Yue Hu, Ke Xie, Chi-Wing Fu, Hao Zhang, Hui Huang
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Scene Reconstruction

We introduce the first learning-based reconstructability predictor to improve view and path planning for large-scale 3D urban scene acquisition using unmanned drones. In contrast to previous heuristic approaches, our method learns a model that explicitly predicts how well a 3D urban scene will be reconstructed from a set of viewpoints. To make such a model trainable and simultaneously applicable to drone path planning, we simulate the proxy-based 3D scene reconstruction during training to set up the prediction. Specifically, the neural network we design is trained to predict the scene reconstructability as a function of the proxy geometry, a set of viewpoints, and optionally a series of scene images acquired in flight. To reconstruct a new urban scene, we first build the 3D scene proxy, then rely on the predicted reconstruction quality and uncertainty measures by our network, based off of the proxy geometry, to guide the drone path planning. We demonstrate that our data-driven reconstructability predictions are more closely correlated to the true reconstruction quality than prior heuristic measures. Further, our learned predictor can be easily integrated into existing path planners to yield improvements. Finally, we devise a new iterative view planning framework, based on the learned reconstructability, and show superior performance of the new planner when reconstructing both synthetic and real scenes.
LatentGaze: Cross-Domain Gaze Estimation through Gaze-Aware Analytic Latent Code Manipulation
Authors: Isack Lee, Jun-Seok Yun, Hee Hyeon Kim, Youngju Na, Seok Bong Yoo
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Disentanglement, Gaze Estimation, Generative Adversarial Network

Although recent gaze estimation methods lay great emphasis on attentively extracting gaze-relevant features from facial or eye images, how to define features that include gaze-relevant components has been ambiguous. This obscurity makes the model learn not only gaze-relevant features but also irrelevant ones. In particular, it is fatal for the cross-dataset performance. To overcome this challenging issue, we propose a gaze-aware analytic manipulation method, based on a data-driven approach with generative adversarial network inversion's disentanglement characteristics, to selectively utilize gaze-relevant features in a latent code. Furthermore, by utilizing GAN-based encoder-generator process, we shift the input image from the target domain to the source domain image, which a gaze estimator is sufficiently aware. In addition, we propose gaze distortion loss in the encoder that prevents the distortion of gaze information. The experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art gaze estimation accuracy in a cross-domain gaze estimation tasks. This code is available at https://github.com/leeisack/LatentGaze/.
FV2ES: A Fully End2End Multimodal System for Fast Yet Effective Video Emotion Recognition Inference
Authors: Qinglan Wei, Xuling Huang, Yuan Zhang
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Emotion Recognition, Multimodal Emotion Recognition, Video Emotion Recognition

In the latest social networks, more and more people prefer to express their emotions in videos through text, speech, and rich facial expressions. Multimodal video emotion analysis techniques can help understand users' inner world automatically based on human expressions and gestures in images, tones in voices, and recognized natural language. However, in the existing research, the acoustic modality has long been in a marginal position as compared to visual and textual modalities. That is, it tends to be more difficult to improve the contribution of the acoustic modality for the whole multimodal emotion recognition task. Besides, although better performance can be obtained by introducing common deep learning methods, the complex structures of these training models always result in low inference efficiency, especially when exposed to high-resolution and long-length videos. Moreover, the lack of a fully end-to-end multimodal video emotion recognition system hinders its application. In this paper, we designed a fully multimodal video-to-emotion system (named FV2ES) for fast yet effective recognition inference, whose benefits are threefold: (1) The adoption of the hierarchical attention method upon the sound spectra breaks through the limited contribution of the acoustic modality and outperforms the existing models' performance on both IEMOCAP and CMU-MOSEI datasets; (2) the introduction of the idea of multi-scale for visual extraction while single-branch for inference brings higher efficiency and maintains the prediction accuracy at the same time; (3) the further integration of data pre-processing into the aligned multimodal learning model allows the significant reduction of computational costs and storage space.
HAZE-Net: High-Frequency Attentive Super-Resolved Gaze Estimation in Low-Resolution Face Images
Authors: Jun-Seok Yun, Youngju Na, Hee Hyeon Kim, Hyung-Il Kim, Seok Bong Yoo
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Gaze Estimation, Super-Resolution

Although gaze estimation methods have been developed with deep learning techniques, there has been no such approach as aim to attain accurate performance in low-resolution face images with a pixel width of 50 pixels or less. To solve a limitation under the challenging low-resolution conditions, we propose a high-frequency attentive super-resolved gaze estimation network, i.e., HAZE-Net. Our network improves the resolution of the input image and enhances the eye features and those boundaries via a proposed super-resolution module based on a high-frequency attention block. In addition, our gaze estimation module utilizes high-frequency components of the eye as well as the global appearance map. We also utilize the structural location information of faces to approximate head pose. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method exhibits robust gaze estimation performance even in low-resolution face images with 28x28 pixels. The source code of this work is available at https://github.com/dbseorms16/HAZE_Net/.
Position-Aware Relation Learning for RGB-Thermal Salient Object Detection
Authors: Heng Zhou, Chunna Tian, Zhenxi Zhang, Chengyang Li, Yuxuan Ding, Yongqiang Xie, Zhongbo Li
Date: 2022-09-21 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Object, object-detection, Object Detection, Position, Relation, Salient Object Detection

RGB-Thermal salient object detection (SOD) combines two spectra to segment visually conspicuous regions in images. Most existing methods use boundary maps to learn the sharp boundary. These methods ignore the interactions between isolated boundary pixels and other confident pixels, leading to sub-optimal performance. To address this problem,we propose a position-aware relation learning network (PRLNet) for RGB-T SOD based on swin transformer. PRLNet explores the distance and direction relationships between pixels to strengthen intra-class compactness and inter-class separation, generating salient object masks with clear boundaries and homogeneous regions. Specifically, we develop a novel signed distance map auxiliary module (SDMAM) to improve encoder feature representation, which takes into account the distance relation of different pixels in boundary neighborhoods. Then, we design a feature refinement approach with directional field (FRDF), which rectifies features of boundary neighborhood by exploiting the features inside salient objects. FRDF utilizes the directional information between object pixels to effectively enhance the intra-class compactness of salient regions. In addition, we constitute a pure transformer encoder-decoder network to enhance multispectral feature representation for RGB-T SOD. Finally, we conduct quantitative and qualitative experiments on three public benchmark datasets.The results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.