pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
LEAP-VO: Long-term Effective Any Point Tracking for Visual Odometry
Authors: Weirong Chen, Le Chen, Rui Wang, Marc Pollefeys
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Point Tracking, Visual Odometry

Visual odometry estimates the motion of a moving camera based on visual input. Existing methods, mostly focusing on two-view point tracking, often ignore the rich temporal context in the image sequence, thereby overlooking the global motion patterns and providing no assessment of the full trajectory reliability. These shortcomings hinder performance in scenarios with occlusion, dynamic objects, and low-texture areas. To address these challenges, we present the Long-term Effective Any Point Tracking (LEAP) module. LEAP innovatively combines visual, inter-track, and temporal cues with mindfully selected anchors for dynamic track estimation. Moreover, LEAP's temporal probabilistic formulation integrates distribution updates into a learnable iterative refinement module to reason about point-wise uncertainty. Based on these traits, we develop LEAP-VO, a robust visual odometry system adept at handling occlusions and dynamic scenes. Our mindful integration showcases a novel practice by employing long-term point tracking as the front-end. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed pipeline significantly outperforms existing baselines across various visual odometry benchmarks.
From Audio to Photoreal Embodiment: Synthesizing Humans in Conversations
Authors: Evonne Ng, Javier Romero, Timur Bagautdinov, Shaojie Bai, Trevor Darrell, Angjoo Kanazawa, Alexander Richard
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Diversity, Quantization

We present a framework for generating full-bodied photorealistic avatars that gesture according to the conversational dynamics of a dyadic interaction. Given speech audio, we output multiple possibilities of gestural motion for an individual, including face, body, and hands. The key behind our method is in combining the benefits of sample diversity from vector quantization with the high-frequency details obtained through diffusion to generate more dynamic, expressive motion. We visualize the generated motion using highly photorealistic avatars that can express crucial nuances in gestures (e.g. sneers and smirks). To facilitate this line of research, we introduce a first-of-its-kind multi-view conversational dataset that allows for photorealistic reconstruction. Experiments show our model generates appropriate and diverse gestures, outperforming both diffusion- and VQ-only methods. Furthermore, our perceptual evaluation highlights the importance of photorealism (vs. meshes) in accurately assessing subtle motion details in conversational gestures. Code and dataset available online.
A Vision Check-up for Language Models
Authors: Pratyusha Sharma, Tamar Rott Shaham, Manel Baradad, Stephanie Fu, Adrian Rodriguez-Munoz, Shivam Duggal, Phillip Isola, Antonio Torralba
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: Image Generation, Representation Learning

What does learning to model relationships between strings teach large language models (LLMs) about the visual world? We systematically evaluate LLMs' abilities to generate and recognize an assortment of visual concepts of increasing complexity and then demonstrate how a preliminary visual representation learning system can be trained using models of text. As language models lack the ability to consume or output visual information as pixels, we use code to represent images in our study. Although LLM-generated images do not look like natural images, results on image generation and the ability of models to correct these generated images indicate that precise modeling of strings can teach language models about numerous aspects of the visual world. Furthermore, experiments on self-supervised visual representation learning, utilizing images generated with text models, highlight the potential to train vision models capable of making semantic assessments of natural images using just LLMs.
Synthetic dataset of ID and Travel Document
Authors: Carlos Boned, Maxime Talarmain, Nabil Ghanmi, Guillaume Chiron, Sanket Biswas, Ahmad Montaser Awal, Oriol Ramos Terrades
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00

This paper presents a new synthetic dataset of ID and travel documents, called SIDTD. The SIDTD dataset is created to help training and evaluating forged ID documents detection systems. Such a dataset has become a necessity as ID documents contain personal information and a public dataset of real documents can not be released. Moreover, forged documents are scarce, compared to legit ones, and the way they are generated varies from one fraudster to another resulting in a class of high intra-variability. In this paper we trained state-of-the-art models on this dataset and we compare them to the performance achieved in larger, but private, datasets. The creation of this dataset will help to document image analysis community to progress in the task of ID document verification.
Frequency Domain Modality-invariant Feature Learning for Visible-infrared Person Re-Identification
Authors: Yulin Li, Tianzhu Zhang, Yongdong Zhang
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Metric Learning, Person Re-Identification

Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) is challenging due to the significant cross-modality discrepancies between visible and infrared images. While existing methods have focused on designing complex network architectures or using metric learning constraints to learn modality-invariant features, they often overlook which specific component of the image causes the modality discrepancy problem. In this paper, we first reveal that the difference in the amplitude component of visible and infrared images is the primary factor that causes the modality discrepancy and further propose a novel Frequency Domain modality-invariant feature learning framework (FDMNet) to reduce modality discrepancy from the frequency domain perspective. Our framework introduces two novel modules, namely the Instance-Adaptive Amplitude Filter (IAF) module and the Phrase-Preserving Normalization (PPNorm) module, to enhance the modality-invariant amplitude component and suppress the modality-specific component at both the image- and feature-levels. Extensive experimental results on two standard benchmarks, SYSU-MM01 and RegDB, demonstrate the superior performance of our FDMNet against state-of-the-art methods.
Moonshot: Towards Controllable Video Generation and Editing with Multimodal Conditions
Authors: David Junhao Zhang, Dongxu Li, Hung Le, Mike Zheng Shou, Caiming Xiong, Doyen Sahoo
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Animation, Video Editing, Video Generation

Most existing video diffusion models (VDMs) are limited to mere text conditions. Thereby, they are usually lacking in control over visual appearance and geometry structure of the generated videos. This work presents Moonshot, a new video generation model that conditions simultaneously on multimodal inputs of image and text. The model builts upon a core module, called multimodal video block (MVB), which consists of conventional spatialtemporal layers for representing video features, and a decoupled cross-attention layer to address image and text inputs for appearance conditioning. In addition, we carefully design the model architecture such that it can optionally integrate with pre-trained image ControlNet modules for geometry visual conditions, without needing of extra training overhead as opposed to prior methods. Experiments show that with versatile multimodal conditioning mechanisms, Moonshot demonstrates significant improvement on visual quality and temporal consistency compared to existing models. In addition, the model can be easily repurposed for a variety of generative applications, such as personalized video generation, image animation and video editing, unveiling its potential to serve as a fundamental architecture for controllable video generation. Models will be made public on https://github.com/salesforce/LAVIS.
HawkRover: An Autonomous mmWave Vehicular Communication Testbed with Multi-sensor Fusion and Deep Learning
Authors: Ethan Zhu, Haijian Sun, Mingyue Ji
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Management, Sensor Fusion

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have become a transformative technology that can change our daily life. Currently, millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands are identified as the promising CAV connectivity solution. While it can provide high data rate, their realization faces many challenges such as high attenuation during mmWave signal propagation and mobility management. Existing solution has to initiate pilot signal to measure channel information, then apply signal processing to calculate the best narrow beam towards the receiver end to guarantee sufficient signal power. This process takes significant overhead and time, hence not suitable for vehicles. In this study, we propose an autonomous and low-cost testbed to collect extensive co-located mmWave signal and other sensors data such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, ultrasonic, etc, traditionally for ``automated'', to facilitate mmWave vehicular communications. Intuitively, these sensors can build a 3D map around the vehicle and signal propagation path can be estimated, eliminating iterative the process via pilot signals. This multimodal data fusion, together with AI, is expected to bring significant advances in ``connected'' research.
Detours for Navigating Instructional Videos
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh, Zihui Xue, Tushar Nagarajan, Kristen Grauman
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: CVPR 2024 1
Tasks: 16k, Question Answering, Retrieval, Video Retrieval

We introduce the video detours problem for navigating instructional videos. Given a source video and a natural language query asking to alter the how-to video's current path of execution in a certain way, the goal is to find a related ''detour video'' that satisfies the requested alteration. To address this challenge, we propose VidDetours, a novel video-language approach that learns to retrieve the targeted temporal segments from a large repository of how-to's using video-and-text conditioned queries. Furthermore, we devise a language-based pipeline that exploits how-to video narration text to create weakly supervised training data. We demonstrate our idea applied to the domain of how-to cooking videos, where a user can detour from their current recipe to find steps with alternate ingredients, tools, and techniques. Validating on a ground truth annotated dataset of 16K samples, we show our model's significant improvements over best available methods for video retrieval and question answering, with recall rates exceeding the state of the art by 35%.
aMUSEd: An Open MUSE Reproduction
Authors: Suraj Patil, William Berman, Robin Rombach, Patrick von Platen
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Generation, Text to Image Generation, Text-to-Image Generation

We present aMUSEd, an open-source, lightweight masked image model (MIM) for text-to-image generation based on MUSE. With 10 percent of MUSE's parameters, aMUSEd is focused on fast image generation. We believe MIM is under-explored compared to latent diffusion, the prevailing approach for text-to-image generation. Compared to latent diffusion, MIM requires fewer inference steps and is more interpretable. Additionally, MIM can be fine-tuned to learn additional styles with only a single image. We hope to encourage further exploration of MIM by demonstrating its effectiveness on large-scale text-to-image generation and releasing reproducible training code. We also release checkpoints for two models which directly produce images at 256x256 and 512x512 resolutions.
VGA: Vision and Graph Fused Attention Network for Rumor Detection
Authors: Lin Bai, Caiyan Jia, Ziying Song, Chaoqun Cui
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00

With the development of social media, rumors have been spread broadly on social media platforms, causing great harm to society. Beside textual information, many rumors also use manipulated images or conceal textual information within images to deceive people and avoid being detected, making multimodal rumor detection be a critical problem. The majority of multimodal rumor detection methods mainly concentrate on extracting features of source claims and their corresponding images, while ignoring the comments of rumors and their propagation structures. These comments and structures imply the wisdom of crowds and are proved to be crucial to debunk rumors. Moreover, these methods usually only extract visual features in a basic manner, seldom consider tampering or textual information in images. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel Vision and Graph Fused Attention Network (VGA) for rumor detection to utilize propagation structures among posts so as to obtain the crowd opinions and further explore visual tampering features, as well as the textual information hidden in images. We conduct extensive experiments on three datasets, demonstrating that VGA can effectively detect multimodal rumors and outperform state-of-the-art methods significantly.
FullLoRA-AT: Efficiently Boosting the Robustness of Pretrained Vision Transformers
Authors: Zheng Yuan, Jie Zhang, Shiguang Shan
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Adversarial Robustness

In recent years, the Vision Transformer (ViT) model has gradually become mainstream in various computer vision tasks, and the robustness of the model has received increasing attention. However, existing large models tend to prioritize performance during training, potentially neglecting the robustness, which may lead to serious security concerns. In this paper, we establish a new challenge: exploring how to use a small number of additional parameters for adversarial finetuning to quickly and effectively enhance the adversarial robustness of a standardly trained model. To address this challenge, we develop the novel LNLoRA module, incorporating a learnable layer normalization before the conventional LoRA module, which helps mitigate magnitude differences in parameters between the adversarial and standard training paradigms. Furthermore, we propose the FullLoRA-AT framework by integrating the learnable LNLoRA modules into all key components of ViT-based models while keeping the pretrained model frozen, which can significantly improve the model robustness via adversarial finetuning in a parameter-efficient manner. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Imagenette demonstrate the superiority of our proposed FullLoRA-AT framework. It achieves comparable robustness with full finetuning while only requiring about 5% of the learnable parameters. This also effectively addresses concerns regarding extra model storage space and enormous training time caused by adversarial finetuning.
Towards Robust Semantic Segmentation against Patch-based Attack via Attention Refinement
Authors: Zheng Yuan, Jie Zhang, Yude Wang, Shiguang Shan, Xilin Chen
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Attribute, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

The attention mechanism has been proven effective on various visual tasks in recent years. In the semantic segmentation task, the attention mechanism is applied in various methods, including the case of both Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT) as backbones. However, we observe that the attention mechanism is vulnerable to patch-based adversarial attacks. Through the analysis of the effective receptive field, we attribute it to the fact that the wide receptive field brought by global attention may lead to the spread of the adversarial patch. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a Robust Attention Mechanism (RAM) to improve the robustness of the semantic segmentation model, which can notably relieve the vulnerability against patch-based attacks. Compared to the vallina attention mechanism, RAM introduces two novel modules called Max Attention Suppression and Random Attention Dropout, both of which aim to refine the attention matrix and limit the influence of a single adversarial patch on the semantic segmentation results of other positions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our RAM to improve the robustness of semantic segmentation models against various patch-based attack methods under different attack settings.
Few-shot Image Generation via Information Transfer from the Built Geodesic Surface
Authors: Yuexing Han, Liheng Ruan, Bing Wang
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Diversity, Image Generation

Images generated by most of generative models trained with limited data often exhibit deficiencies in either fidelity, diversity, or both. One effective solution to address the limitation is few-shot generative model adaption. However, the type of approaches typically rely on a large-scale pre-trained model, serving as a source domain, to facilitate information transfer to the target domain. In this paper, we propose a method called Information Transfer from the Built Geodesic Surface (ITBGS), which contains two module: Feature Augmentation on Geodesic Surface (FAGS); Interpolation and Regularization (I\&R). With the FAGS module, a pseudo-source domain is created by projecting image features from the training dataset into the Pre-Shape Space, subsequently generating new features on the Geodesic surface. Thus, no pre-trained models is needed for the adaption process during the training of generative models with FAGS. I\&R module are introduced for supervising the interpolated images and regularizing their relative distances, respectively, to further enhance the quality of generated images. Through qualitative and quantitative experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method consistently achieves optimal or comparable results across a diverse range of semantically distinct datasets, even in extremely few-shot scenarios.
Few-shot Adaptation of Multi-modal Foundation Models: A Survey
Authors: Fan Liu, Tianshu Zhang, Wenwen Dai, Wenwen Cai, Xiaocong Zhou, Delong Chen
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Domain Generalization, Model Selection, Survey

Multi-modal (vision-language) models, such as CLIP, are replacing traditional supervised pre-training models (e.g., ImageNet-based pre-training) as the new generation of visual foundation models. These models with robust and aligned semantic representations learned from billions of internet image-text pairs and can be applied to various downstream tasks in a zero-shot manner. However, in some fine-grained domains like medical imaging and remote sensing, the performance of multi-modal foundation models often leaves much to be desired. Consequently, many researchers have begun to explore few-shot adaptation methods for these models, gradually deriving three main technical approaches: 1) prompt-based methods, 2) adapter-based methods, and 3) external knowledge-based methods. Nevertheless, this rapidly developing field has produced numerous results without a comprehensive survey to systematically organize the research progress. Therefore, in this survey, we introduce and analyze the research advancements in few-shot adaptation methods for multi-modal models, summarizing commonly used datasets and experimental setups, and comparing the results of different methods. In addition, due to the lack of reliable theoretical support for existing methods, we derive the few-shot adaptation generalization error bound for multi-modal models. The theorem reveals that the generalization error of multi-modal foundation models is constrained by three factors: domain gap, model capacity, and sample size. Based on this, we propose three possible solutions from the following aspects: 1) adaptive domain generalization, 2) adaptive model selection, and 3) adaptive knowledge utilization.
Learning Keypoints for Robotic Cloth Manipulation using Synthetic Data
Authors: Thomas Lips, Victor-Louis De Gusseme, Francis wyffels
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00

Assistive robots should be able to wash, fold or iron clothes. However, due to the variety, deformability and self-occlusions of clothes, creating robot systems for cloth manipulation is challenging. Synthetic data is a promising direction to improve generalization, but the sim-to-real gap limits its effectiveness. To advance the use of synthetic data for cloth manipulation tasks such as robotic folding, we present a synthetic data pipeline to train keypoint detectors for almost-flattened cloth items. To evaluate its performance, we have also collected a real-world dataset. We train detectors for both T-shirts, towels and shorts and obtain an average precision of 64% and an average keypoint distance of 18 pixels. Fine-tuning on real-world data improves performance to 74% mAP and an average distance of only 9 pixels. Furthermore, we describe failure modes of the keypoint detectors and compare different approaches to obtain cloth meshes and materials. We also quantify the remaining sim-to-real gap and argue that further improvements to the fidelity of cloth assets will be required to further reduce this gap. The code, dataset and trained models are available
STAF: 3D Human Mesh Recovery from Video with Spatio-Temporal Alignment Fusion
Authors: Wei Yao, Hongwen Zhang, Yunlian Sun, Jinhui Tang
Date: 2024-01-03 00:00:00
Tasks: 3D Human Pose Estimation, Human Mesh Recovery

The recovery of 3D human mesh from monocular images has significantly been developed in recent years. However, existing models usually ignore spatial and temporal information, which might lead to mesh and image misalignment and temporal discontinuity. For this reason, we propose a novel Spatio-Temporal Alignment Fusion (STAF) model. As a video-based model, it leverages coherence clues from human motion by an attention-based Temporal Coherence Fusion Module (TCFM). As for spatial mesh-alignment evidence, we extract fine-grained local information through predicted mesh projection on the feature maps. Based on the spatial features, we further introduce a multi-stage adjacent Spatial Alignment Fusion Module (SAFM) to enhance the feature representation of the target frame. In addition to the above, we propose an Average Pooling Module (APM) to allow the model to focus on the entire input sequence rather than just the target frame. This method can remarkably improve the smoothness of recovery results from video. Extensive experiments on 3DPW, MPII3D, and H36M demonstrate the superiority of STAF. We achieve a state-of-the-art trade-off between precision and smoothness. Our code and more video results are on the project page https://yw0208.github.io/staf/