pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
FSNet: A Failure Detection Framework for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Quazi Marufur Rahman, Niko Sünderhauf, Peter Corke, Feras Dayoub
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Navigate, Segmentation, Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation is an important task that helps autonomous vehicles understand their surroundings and navigate safely. During deployment, even the most mature segmentation models are vulnerable to various external factors that can degrade the segmentation performance with potentially catastrophic consequences for the vehicle and its surroundings. To address this issue, we propose a failure detection framework to identify pixel-level misclassification. We do so by exploiting internal features of the segmentation model and training it simultaneously with a failure detection network. During deployment, the failure detector can flag areas in the image where the segmentation model have failed to segment correctly. We evaluate the proposed approach against state-of-the-art methods and achieve 12.30%, 9.46%, and 9.65% performance improvement in the AUPR-Error metric for Cityscapes, BDD100K, and Mapillary semantic segmentation datasets.
How to cheat with metrics in single-image HDR reconstruction
Authors: Gabriel Eilertsen, Saghi Hajisharif, Param Hanji, Apostolia Tsirikoglou, Rafal K. Mantiuk, Jonas Unger
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: HDR Reconstruction

Single-image high dynamic range (SI-HDR) reconstruction has recently emerged as a problem well-suited for deep learning methods. Each successive technique demonstrates an improvement over existing methods by reporting higher image quality scores. This paper, however, highlights that such improvements in objective metrics do not necessarily translate to visually superior images. The first problem is the use of disparate evaluation conditions in terms of data and metric parameters, calling for a standardized protocol to make it possible to compare between papers. The second problem, which forms the main focus of this paper, is the inherent difficulty in evaluating SI-HDR reconstructions since certain aspects of the reconstruction problem dominate objective differences, thereby introducing a bias. Here, we reproduce a typical evaluation using existing as well as simulated SI-HDR methods to demonstrate how different aspects of the problem affect objective quality metrics. Surprisingly, we found that methods that do not even reconstruct HDR information can compete with state-of-the-art deep learning methods. We show how such results are not representative of the perceived quality and that SI-HDR reconstruction needs better evaluation protocols.
Real-time Image Enhancer via Learnable Spatial-aware 3D Lookup Tables
Authors: Tao Wang, Yong Li, Jingyang Peng, Yipeng Ma, Xian Wang, Fenglong Song, Youliang Yan
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2021 10
Tasks: 4k, GPU, Image Enhancement

Recently, deep learning-based image enhancement algorithms achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on several publicly available datasets. However, most existing methods fail to meet practical requirements either for visual perception or for computation efficiency, especially for high-resolution images. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time image enhancer via learnable spatial-aware 3-dimentional lookup tables(3D LUTs), which well considers global scenario and local spatial information. Specifically, we introduce a light weight two-head weight predictor that has two outputs. One is a 1D weight vector used for image-level scenario adaptation, the other is a 3D weight map aimed for pixel-wise category fusion. We learn the spatial-aware 3D LUTs and fuse them according to the aforementioned weights in an end-to-end manner. The fused LUT is then used to transform the source image into the target tone in an efficient way. Extensive results show that our model outperforms SOTA image enhancement methods on public datasets both subjectively and objectively, and that our model only takes about 4ms to process a 4K resolution image on one NVIDIA V100 GPU.
Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training for the Italian Language
Authors: Federico Bianchi, Giuseppe Attanasio, Raphael Pisoni, Silvia Terragni, Gabriele Sarti, Sri Lakshmi
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Image Retrieval, Multi-label zero-shot learning, Multimodal Deep Learning, Retrieval, zero-shot-classification, Zero-Shot Learning

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a very recent multi-modal model that jointly learns representations of images and texts. The model is trained on a massive amount of English data and shows impressive performance on zero-shot classification tasks. Training the same model on a different language is not trivial, since data in other languages might be not enough and the model needs high-quality translations of the texts to guarantee a good performance. In this paper, we present the first CLIP model for the Italian Language (CLIP-Italian), trained on more than 1.4 million image-text pairs. Results show that CLIP-Italian outperforms the multilingual CLIP model on the tasks of image retrieval and zero-shot classification.
Towards Controllable and Photorealistic Region-wise Image Manipulation
Authors: Ansheng You, Chenglin Zhou, Qixuan Zhang, Lan Xu
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Disentanglement, Image Manipulation, Style Transfer

Adaptive and flexible image editing is a desirable function of modern generative models. In this work, we present a generative model with auto-encoder architecture for per-region style manipulation. We apply a code consistency loss to enforce an explicit disentanglement between content and style latent representations, making the content and style of generated samples consistent with their corresponding content and style references. The model is also constrained by a content alignment loss to ensure the foreground editing will not interfere background contents. As a result, given interested region masks provided by users, our model supports foreground region-wise style transfer. Specially, our model receives no extra annotations such as semantic labels except for self-supervision. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method and exhibit the flexibility of the proposed model for various applications, including region-wise style editing, latent space interpolation, cross-domain style transfer.
Video Relation Detection via Tracklet based Visual Transformer
Authors: Kaifeng Gao, Long Chen, Yifeng Huang, Jun Xiao
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Decoder, Relation, Video Visual Relation Detection

Video Visual Relation Detection (VidVRD), has received significant attention of our community over recent years. In this paper, we apply the state-of-the-art video object tracklet detection pipeline MEGA and deepSORT to generate tracklet proposals. Then we perform VidVRD in a tracklet-based manner without any pre-cutting operations. Specifically, we design a tracklet-based visual Transformer. It contains a temporal-aware decoder which performs feature interactions between the tracklets and learnable predicate query embeddings, and finally predicts the relations. Experimental results strongly demonstrate the superiority of our method, which outperforms other methods by a large margin on the Video Relation Understanding (VRU) Grand Challenge in ACM Multimedia 2021. Codes are released at https://github.com/Dawn-LX/VidVRD-tracklets.
3DIAS: 3D Shape Reconstruction with Implicit Algebraic Surfaces
Authors: Mohsen Yavartanoo, JaeYoung Chung, Reyhaneh Neshatavar, Kyoung Mu Lee
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2021 10
Tasks: 3D Shape Reconstruction, 3D Shape Representation

3D Shape representation has substantial effects on 3D shape reconstruction. Primitive-based representations approximate a 3D shape mainly by a set of simple implicit primitives, but the low geometrical complexity of the primitives limits the shape resolution. Moreover, setting a sufficient number of primitives for an arbitrary shape is challenging. To overcome these issues, we propose a constrained implicit algebraic surface as the primitive with few learnable coefficients and higher geometrical complexities and a deep neural network to produce these primitives. Our experiments demonstrate the superiorities of our method in terms of representation power compared to the state-of-the-art methods in single RGB image 3D shape reconstruction. Furthermore, we show that our method can semantically learn segments of 3D shapes in an unsupervised manner. The code is publicly available from https://myavartanoo.github.io/3dias/ .
Wind Turbine Blade Surface Damage Detection based on Aerial Imagery and VGG16-RCNN Framework
Authors: Juhi Patel, Lagan Sharma, Harsh S. Dhiman
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning, Image Augmentation

In this manuscript, an image analytics based deep learning framework for wind turbine blade surface damage detection is proposed. Turbine blade(s) which carry approximately one-third of a turbine weight are susceptible to damage and can cause sudden malfunction of a grid-connected wind energy conversion system. The surface damage detection of wind turbine blade requires a large dataset so as to detect a type of damage at an early stage. Turbine blade images are captured via aerial imagery. Upon inspection, it is found that the image dataset was limited and hence image augmentation is applied to improve blade image dataset. The approach is modeled as a multi-class supervised learning problem and deep learning methods like Convolutional neural network (CNN), VGG16-RCNN and AlexNet are tested for determining the potential capability of turbine blade surface damage.
Spatio-Temporal Interaction Graph Parsing Networks for Human-Object Interaction Recognition
Authors: Ning Wang, Guangming Zhu, Liang Zhang, Peiyi Shen, Hongsheng Li, Cong Hua
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Human-Object Interaction Detection, Object

For a given video-based Human-Object Interaction scene, modeling the spatio-temporal relationship between humans and objects are the important cue to understand the contextual information presented in the video. With the effective spatio-temporal relationship modeling, it is possible not only to uncover contextual information in each frame but also to directly capture inter-time dependencies. It is more critical to capture the position changes of human and objects over the spatio-temporal dimension when their appearance features may not show up significant changes over time. The full use of appearance features, the spatial location and the semantic information are also the key to improve the video-based Human-Object Interaction recognition performance. In this paper, Spatio-Temporal Interaction Graph Parsing Networks (STIGPN) are constructed, which encode the videos with a graph composed of human and object nodes. These nodes are connected by two types of relations: (i) spatial relations modeling the interactions between human and the interacted objects within each frame. (ii) inter-time relations capturing the long range dependencies between human and the interacted objects across frame. With the graph, STIGPN learn spatio-temporal features directly from the whole video-based Human-Object Interaction scenes. Multi-modal features and a multi-stream fusion strategy are used to enhance the reasoning capability of STIGPN. Two Human-Object Interaction video datasets, including CAD-120 and Something-Else, are used to evaluate the proposed architectures, and the state-of-the-art performance demonstrates the superiority of STIGPN.
VolumeFusion: Deep Depth Fusion for 3D Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Jaesung Choe, Sunghoon Im, Francois Rameau, Minjun Kang, In So Kweon
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2021 10
Tasks: 3D Reconstruction, 3D Scene Reconstruction, Depth Estimation

To reconstruct a 3D scene from a set of calibrated views, traditional multi-view stereo techniques rely on two distinct stages: local depth maps computation and global depth maps fusion. Recent studies concentrate on deep neural architectures for depth estimation by using conventional depth fusion method or direct 3D reconstruction network by regressing Truncated Signed Distance Function (TSDF). In this paper, we advocate that replicating the traditional two stages framework with deep neural networks improves both the interpretability and the accuracy of the results. As mentioned, our network operates in two steps: 1) the local computation of the local depth maps with a deep MVS technique, and, 2) the depth maps and images' features fusion to build a single TSDF volume. In order to improve the matching performance between images acquired from very different viewpoints (e.g., large-baseline and rotations), we introduce a rotation-invariant 3D convolution kernel called PosedConv. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is underlined via a large series of experiments conducted on the ScanNet dataset where our approach compares favorably against both traditional and deep learning techniques.
An automated machine learning framework to optimize radiomics model construction validated on twelve clinical applications
Authors: Martijn P. A. Starmans, Sebastian R. van der Voort, Thomas Phil, Milea J. M. Timbergen, Melissa Vos, Guillaume A. Padmos, Wouter Kessels, David Hanff, Dirk J. Grunhagen, Cornelis Verhoef, Stefan Sleijfer, Martin J. van den Bent, Marion Smits, Roy S. Dwarkasing, Christopher J. Els, Federico Fiduzi, Geert J. L. H. van Leenders, Anela Blazevic, Johannes Hofland, Tessa Brabander, Renza A. H. van Gils, Gaston J. H. Franssen, Richard A. Feelders, Wouter W. de Herder, Florian E. Buisman, Francois E. J. A. Willemssen, Bas Groot Koerkamp, Lindsay Angus, Astrid A. M. van der Veldt, Ana Rajicic, Arlette E. Odink, Mitchell Deen, Jose M. Castillo T., Jifke Veenland, Ivo Schoots, Michel Renckens, Michail Doukas, Rob A. de Man, Jan N. M. IJzermans, Razvan L. Miclea, Peter B. Vermeulen, Esther E. Bron, Maarten G. Thomeer, Jacob J. Visser, Wiro J. Niessen, Stefan Klein
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Bayesian Optimization, BIG-bench Machine Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization

Predicting clinical outcomes from medical images using quantitative features (``radiomics'') requires many method design choices, Currently, in new clinical applications, finding the optimal radiomics method out of the wide range of methods relies on a manual, heuristic trial-and-error process. We introduce a novel automated framework that optimizes radiomics workflow construction per application by standardizing the radiomics workflow in modular components, including a large collection of algorithms for each component, and formulating a combined algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization problem. To solve it, we employ automated machine learning through two strategies (random search and Bayesian optimization) and three ensembling approaches. Results show that a medium-sized random search and straight-forward ensembling perform similar to more advanced methods while being more efficient. Validated across twelve clinical applications, our approach outperforms both a radiomics baseline and human experts. Concluding, our framework improves and streamlines radiomics research by fully automatically optimizing radiomics workflow construction. To facilitate reproducibility, we publicly release six datasets, software of the method, and code to reproduce this study.
Spatially-Adaptive Image Restoration using Distortion-Guided Networks
Authors: Kuldeep Purohit, Maitreya Suin, A. N. Rajagopalan, Vishnu Naresh Boddeti
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICCV 2021 10
Tasks: Image Restoration

We present a general learning-based solution for restoring images suffering from spatially-varying degradations. Prior approaches are typically degradation-specific and employ the same processing across different images and different pixels within. However, we hypothesize that such spatially rigid processing is suboptimal for simultaneously restoring the degraded pixels as well as reconstructing the clean regions of the image. To overcome this limitation, we propose SPAIR, a network design that harnesses distortion-localization information and dynamically adjusts computation to difficult regions in the image. SPAIR comprises of two components, (1) a localization network that identifies degraded pixels, and (2) a restoration network that exploits knowledge from the localization network in filter and feature domain to selectively and adaptively restore degraded pixels. Our key idea is to exploit the non-uniformity of heavy degradations in spatial-domain and suitably embed this knowledge within distortion-guided modules performing sparse normalization, feature extraction and attention. Our architecture is agnostic to physical formation model and generalizes across several types of spatially-varying degradations. We demonstrate the efficacy of SPAIR individually on four restoration tasks-removal of rain-streaks, raindrops, shadows and motion blur. Extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons with prior art on 11 benchmark datasets demonstrate that our degradation-agnostic network design offers significant performance gains over state-of-the-art degradation-specific architectures. Code available at https://github.com/human-analysis/spatially-adaptive-image-restoration.
Generating Superpixels for High-resolution Images with Decoupled Patch Calibration
Authors: Yaxiong Wang, Yunchao Wei, Xueming Qian, Li Zhu, Yi Yang
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: GPU, Segmentation, Superpixels, Vocal Bursts Intensity Prediction

Superpixel segmentation has recently seen important progress benefiting from the advances in differentiable deep learning. However, the very high-resolution superpixel segmentation still remains challenging due to the expensive memory and computation cost, making the current advanced superpixel networks fail to process. In this paper, we devise Patch Calibration Networks (PCNet), aiming to efficiently and accurately implement high-resolution superpixel segmentation. PCNet follows the principle of producing high-resolution output from low-resolution input for saving GPU memory and relieving computation cost. To recall the fine details destroyed by the down-sampling operation, we propose a novel Decoupled Patch Calibration (DPC) branch for collaboratively augment the main superpixel generation branch. In particular, DPC takes a local patch from the high-resolution images and dynamically generates a binary mask to impose the network to focus on region boundaries. By sharing the parameters of DPC and main branches, the fine-detailed knowledge learned from high-resolution patches will be transferred to help calibrate the destroyed information. To the best of our knowledge, we make the first attempt to consider the deep-learning-based superpixel generation for high-resolution cases. To facilitate this research, we build evaluation benchmarks from two public datasets and one new constructed one, covering a wide range of diversities from fine-grained human parts to cityscapes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our PCNet can not only perform favorably against the state-of-the-arts in the quantitative results but also improve the resolution upper bound from 3K to 5K on 1080Ti GPUs.
Semantic Compositional Learning for Low-shot Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Tao He, Lianli Gao, Jingkuan Song, Jianfei Cai, Yuan-Fang Li
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Graph Generation, Relation, Scene Graph Generation

Scene graphs provide valuable information to many downstream tasks. Many scene graph generation (SGG) models solely use the limited annotated relation triples for training, leading to their underperformance on low-shot (few and zero) scenarios, especially on the rare predicates. To address this problem, we propose a novel semantic compositional learning strategy that makes it possible to construct additional, realistic relation triples with objects from different images. Specifically, our strategy decomposes a relation triple by identifying and removing the unessential component and composes a new relation triple by fusing with a semantically or visually similar object from a visual components dictionary, whilst ensuring the realisticity of the newly composed triple. Notably, our strategy is generic and can be combined with existing SGG models to significantly improve their performance. We performed a comprehensive evaluation on the benchmark dataset Visual Genome. For three recent SGG models, adding our strategy improves their performance by close to 50\%, and all of them substantially exceed the current state-of-the-art.
Feature Stylization and Domain-aware Contrastive Learning for Domain Generalization
Authors: Seogkyu Jeon, Kibeom Hong, Pilhyeon Lee, Jewook Lee, Hyeran Byun
Date: 2021-08-19 00:00:00
Tasks: Contrastive Learning, Domain Generalization

Domain generalization aims to enhance the model robustness against domain shift without accessing the target domain. Since the available source domains for training are limited, recent approaches focus on generating samples of novel domains. Nevertheless, they either struggle with the optimization problem when synthesizing abundant domains or cause the distortion of class semantics. To these ends, we propose a novel domain generalization framework where feature statistics are utilized for stylizing original features to ones with novel domain properties. To preserve class information during stylization, we first decompose features into high and low frequency components. Afterward, we stylize the low frequency components with the novel domain styles sampled from the manipulated statistics, while preserving the shape cues in high frequency ones. As the final step, we re-merge both components to synthesize novel domain features. To enhance domain robustness, we utilize the stylized features to maintain the model consistency in terms of features as well as outputs. We achieve the feature consistency with the proposed domain-aware supervised contrastive loss, which ensures domain invariance while increasing class discriminability. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feature stylization and the domain-aware contrastive loss. Through quantitative comparisons, we verify the lead of our method upon existing state-of-the-art methods on two benchmarks, PACS and Office-Home.