pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The Model Counting Competition 2020
Authors: Johannes K. Fichte, Markus Hecher, Florim Hamiti
Date: 2020-12-02 00:00:00
Tasks: model

Many computational problems in modern society account to probabilistic reasoning, statistics, and combinatorics. A variety of these real-world questions can be solved by representing the question in (Boolean) formulas and associating the number of models of the formula directly with the answer to the question. Since there has been an increasing interest in practical problem solving for model counting over the last years, the Model Counting (MC) Competition was conceived in fall 2019. The competition aims to foster applications, identify new challenging benchmarks, and to promote new solvers and improve established solvers for the model counting problem and versions thereof. We hope that the results can be a good indicator of the current feasibility of model counting and spark many new applications. In this paper, we report on details of the Model Counting Competition 2020, about carrying out the competition, and the results. The competition encompassed three versions of the model counting problem, which we evaluated in separate tracks. The first track featured the model counting problem (MC), which asks for the number of models of a given Boolean formula. On the second track, we challenged developers to submit programs that solve the weighted model counting problem (WMC). The last track was dedicated to projected model counting (PMC). In total, we received a surprising number of 9 solvers in 34 versions from 8 groups.
Empirical Study on the Software Engineering Practices in Open Source ML Package Repositories
Authors: Minke Xiu, Ellis E. Eghan, Zhen Ming, Jiang, Bram Adams
Date: 2020-12-02 00:00:00
Tasks: Transfer Learning

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially in Machine Learning (ML), have introduced various practical applications (e.g., virtual personal assistants and autonomous cars) that enhance the experience of everyday users. However, modern ML technologies like Deep Learning require considerable technical expertise and resources to develop, train and deploy such models, making effective reuse of the ML models a necessity. Such discovery and reuse by practitioners and researchers are being addressed by public ML package repositories, which bundle up pre-trained models into packages for publication. Since such repositories are a recent phenomenon, there is no empirical data on their current state and challenges. Hence, this paper conducts an exploratory study that analyzes the structure and contents of two popular ML package repositories, TFHub and PyTorch Hub, comparing their information elements (features and policies), package organization, package manager functionalities and usage contexts against popular software package repositories (npm, PyPI, and CRAN). Through these studies, we have identified unique SE practices and challenges for sharing ML packages. These findings and implications would be useful for data scientists, researchers and software developers who intend to use these shared ML packages.
Machine learning for estimation of building energy consumption and performance
Authors: Saleh Seyedzadeh, Farzad Pour Rahimian, Ivan Glesk, Marc Roper
Date: 2018-10-02 00:00:00
Tasks: BIG-bench Machine Learning, Clustering, Decision Making, energy management, Management

Ever growing population and progressive municipal business demands for constructing new buildings are known as the foremost contributor to greenhouse gasses. Therefore, improvement of energy efficiency of the building sector has become an essential target to reduce the amount of gas emission as well as fossil fuel consumption. One most effective approach to reducing CO2 emission and energy consumption with regards to new buildings is to consider energy efficiency at a very early design stage. On the other hand,efficient energy management and smart refurbishments can enhance energy performance of the existing stock. All these solutions entail accurate energy prediction for optimal decision making. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) in general and machine learning (ML) techniques in specific terms have been proposed for forecasting of building energy consumption and performance. This paper provides a substantial review on the four main ML approaches including artificial neural network, support vector machine, Gaussian-based regressions and clustering, which have commonly been applied in forecasting and improving building energy performance.
A 3D Non-Stationary GBSM for Vehicular Visible Light Communication MISO Channels
Authors: A. Al-Kinani, C. -X. Wang, Q. Zhu, Y. Fu, A. Talib, N. Al-Hasaani
Date: 2020-07-28 00:00:00

The potential of using visible light communication (VLC) technologies for vehicular communication networks has recently attracted much attention. The underlying VLC channels, as a foundation for the proper design and optimization of vehicular VLC communication systems, have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Vehicular VLC link impairments can have a significant impact on the system performance and capacity. Such impairments include the optical wireless channel distortion and background noise. This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional (3D) regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (RS-GBSM) for vehicular VLC multiple-input single-output (MISO) channels. The proposed 3D RS-GBSM combines a two-sphere model and an elliptic-cylinder model. Both the line-of-sight (LoS) and single-bounced (SB) components are considered. The proposed model jointly considers the azimuth and elevation angles by using von-Mises-Fisher (VMF) distribution. Based on the proposed model, the relationship between the communication range and the received optical power is analyzed and validated by simulations. The impact of the elevation angle in the 3D model on the received optical power is investigated by comparing with the received optical power of the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) model. Furthermore, the background noise is also modeled to evaluate the system's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Black Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts
Date: 2016-03-16 00:00:00

Stars that are collapsing toward forming a black hole but are frozen near the
Schwarzschild horizon are termed "black stars". Collisions of black stars, in
contrast to black hole collisions, may be sources of gamma ray bursts, whose
basic parameters are estimated quite simply and are found to be consistent with
observed gamma ray bursts. Black star gamma ray bursts should be preceded by
gravitational wave emission similar to that from the coalescence of black
holes.
On the Structure of General Mean-Variance Hedging Strategies
Date: 2017-07-24 00:00:00

We provide a new characterization of mean-variance hedging strategies in a
general semimartingale market. The key point is the introduction of a new
probability measure $P^{\star}$ which turns the dynamic asset allocation
problem into a myopic one. The minimal martingale measure relative to
$P^{\star}$ coincides with the variance-optimal martingale measure relative to
the original probability measure $P$.
Direct observation of high-speed plasma outflows produced by magnetic reconnection in solar impulsive events
Date: 2018-06-17 00:00:00

Spectroscopic observations of a solar limb flare recorded by SUMER on SOHO
reveal, for the first time, hot fast magnetic reconnection outflows in the
corona. As the reconnection site rises across the SUMER spectrometer slit,
significant blue- and red-shift signatures are observed in sequence in the Fe
XIX line, reflecting upflows and downflows of hot plasma jets, respectively.
With the projection effect corrected, the measured outflow speed is between
900-3500 km/s, consistent with theoretical predictions of the Alfvenic outflows
in magnetic reconnection region in solar impulsive events. Based on theoretic
models, the magnetic field strength near the reconnection region is estimated
to be 19-37 Gauss.
Pulsar Magnetic Field Oscillation Model and Verification Methods
Date: 2017-09-13 00:00:00
Tasks: model

We constructed the magnetic field oscillation model (hereafter the MO model)
by analogizing the periodically reversing phenomenon of the solar magnetic
field to pulsars. Almost all kinds of pulsar radiation phenomena are best
explained using the MO model, especially polarization characteristics, glitch,
generation rate, the geodetic precession of pulsars and the configuration of
pulsar-wind nebula of the Crab. The MO model also provides satisfactory
explanation for other characteristics of pulsars, e.g., interpulse, spin-down,
pulse nulling, beat and pulse drift, the loss rate of the rotating energy, and
the accuracy of frequency. We present eight verification methods for the MO
model. In addition to pulsars, our MO model can also be used to explain the
pulse emission from non-compact stars such as the ultracool dwarf TVLM
513-46546 and the magnetic chemically peculiar star CU Virginis.
Efficient Optimally Lazy Algorithms for Minimal-Interval Semantics
Authors: Vigna Sebastiano, Boldi Paolo
Date: 2016-08-11 00:00:00

Minimal-interval semantics associates with each query over a document a set
of intervals, called witnesses, that are incomparable with respect to inclusion
(i.e., they form an antichain): witnesses define the minimal regions of the
document satisfying the query. Minimal-interval semantics makes it easy to
define and compute several sophisticated proximity operators, provides snippets
for user presentation, and can be used to rank documents. In this paper we
provide algorithms for computing conjunction and disjunction that are linear in
the number of intervals and logarithmic in the number of operands; for
additional operators, such as ordered conjunction and Brouwerian difference, we
provide linear algorithms. In all cases, space is linear in the number of
operands. More importantly, we define a formal notion of optimal laziness, and
either prove it, or prove its impossibility, for each algorithm. We cast our
results in a general framework of antichains of intervals on total orders,
making our algorithms directly applicable to other domains.
The ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets IV. HD196885, a close binary star with a 3.7-year planet
Date: 2016-12-22 00:00:00

Aims:We aim to significantly increase the number of detected extra-solar
planets in a magnitude-limited sample to improve our knowledge of their orbital
element distributions and thus obtain better constraints for planet-formation
models.
  Methods: Radial-velocity data were taken at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP,
France) with the ELODIE echelle spectrograph.
  Results: We report the presence of a planet orbiting HD 196885 A, with an
orbital period of 1349 days. This star was previously suggested to host a 386
-day planet, but we cannot confirm its existence. We also detect the presence
of a stellar companion, HD 196885 B, and give some constraints on its orbit.
Cosmic Variance and Its Effect on the Luminosity Function Determination in Deep High z Surveys
Date: 2020-07-27 00:00:00

We study cosmic variance in deep high redshift surveys and its influence on
the determination of the luminosity function for high redshift galaxies. For
several survey geometries relevant for HST and JWST instruments, we
characterize the distribution of the galaxy number counts. This is obtained by
means of analytic estimates via the two point correlation function in extended
Press-Schechter theory as well as by using synthetic catalogs extracted from
N-body cosmological simulations of structure formation. We adopt a simple
luminosity - dark halo mass relation to investigate the environment effects on
the fitting of the luminosity function. We show that in addition to variations
of the normalization of the luminosity function, a steepening of its slope is
also expected in underdense fields, similarly to what is observed within voids
in the local universe. Therefore, to avoid introducing artificial biases,
caution must be taken when attempting to correct for field underdensity, such
as in the case of HST UDF i-dropout sample, which exhibits a deficit of bright
counts with respect to the average counts in GOODS. A public version of the
cosmic variance calculator based on the two point correlation function
integration is made available on the web.
Genetic Code: Four-Codon and Non-Four-Codon Degeneracy
Authors: Miloje M. Rakocevic
Date: 2008-02-07 00:00:00

In this work it is shown that 20 canonical amino acids (AAs) within genetic code appear to be a whole system with strict distinction in Genetic Code Table (GCT) into some different quantums: 20, 23, 61 amino acid molecules. These molecules distinction is followed by specific balanced atom number and/or nucleon number distinctions within those molecules. In this second version two appendices are added; also a new version of Periodic system of numbers, whose first verson is given in arXiv:1107.1998 [q-bio.OT].
A complete Leibniz-Mach cosmology: From the Leibniz Question to MOND
Date: 2020-06-12 00:00:00

The claim that the large scale structure of the Universe is hierarchical has
a very long history going back at least to Charlier's papers of the early 20th
century. In recent years, the debate has centered largely on the works of Sylos
Labini, Joyce, Pietronero and others, who have made the quantative claim that
the large scale structure of the Universe is quasi-fractal with fractal
dimension $D\approx 2$. There is now a concensus that this is the case on
medium scales, with the main debate revolving around what happens on the scales
of the largest available modern surveys.
  This paper, which is a realization of a worldview which is deeply rooted in
the ideas of Leibniz and Mach shows, as a very special case of a general
formalism, that such a fractal $D\approx 2$ world is necessarily a world of
dynamical equilibrium.
  We use the cosmology to write down a simple galaxy model as an arbitrary
spherically symmetric bounded perturbation of the $D\approx 2$ equilibrium
environment. A necessary mass continuity condition on the perturbation boundary
between galactic interior and the exterior environment immediately defines that
boundary as a critical acceleration boundary with $a_0 \sim 4\pi G \Sigma_F$
where $a_0$ is the critical acceleration parameter and $\Sigma_F$ is the
characteristic mass surface density of the $D \approx 2$ fractal environment.
The MOND acceleration condition $V_0^2/R_0 = a_0$ for circular orbits on the
critical boundary follows in a straightforward manner.
Subarcsecond Submillimeter Imaging of the Ultracompact HII Region G5.89-0.39
Date: 2015-03-27 00:00:00

We present the first subarcsecond submillimeter images of the enigmatic
ultracompact HII region (UCHII) G5.89-0.39. Observed with the SMA, the 875
micron continuum emission exhibits a shell-like morphology similar to longer
wavelengths. By using images with comparable angular resolution at five
frequencies obtained from the VLA archive and CARMA, we have removed the
free-free component from the 875 micron image. We find five sources of dust
emission: two compact warm objects (SMA1 and SMA2) along the periphery of the
shell, and three additional regions further out. There is no dust emission
inside the shell, supporting the picture of a dust-free cavity surrounded by
high density gas. At subarcsecond resolution, most of the molecular gas tracers
encircle the UCHII region and appear to constrain its expansion. We also find
G5.89-0.39 to be almost completely lacking in organic molecular line emission.
The dust cores SMA1 and SMA2 exhibit compact spatial peaks in optically-thin
gas tracers (e.g. 34SO2), while SMA1 also coincides with 11.9 micron emission.
In CO(3-2), we find a high-velocity north/south bipolar outflow centered on
SMA1, aligned with infrared H2 knots, and responsible for much of the maser
activity. We conclude that SMA1 is an embedded intermediate mass protostar with
an estimated luminosity of 3000 Lsun and a circumstellar mass of ~1 Msun.
Finally, we have discovered an NH3 (3,3) maser 12 arcsec northwest of the UCHII
region, coincident with a 44 GHz CH3OH maser, and possibly associated with the
Br gamma outflow source identified by Puga et al. (2006).
Large Number, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Superstructures in the Universe (with Extension)
Date: 2016-09-12 00:00:00

Since there are dark matter particles (neutrino) with mass about 10^(-1)eV in
the universe, the superstructures with a scale of 10^(19) solar mass [large
number A is about 10^(19)] appeared around the era of the hydrogen
recombination. The redshift z distributions of quasars support the existence of
superstructures. Since there are superstructures in the universe, it is not
necessary for the hypothesis of dark energy. While neutrino is related to
electro-weak field, the fourth stable elementary particles (delta particle)
with mass about 10^(0)eV to 10^(1)eV is related to gravitation-"strong" field,
which suggests p + anti(p)--> n/anti(n) + anti(delta particle)/(delta particle)
and that some new meta-stable baryons appeared near the TeV region. Therefore,
a twofold standard model diagram is proposed, and related to many experiment
phenomena: The new meta-stable baryons' decays produce delta particles, which
are helpful to explain the Dijet asymmetry phenomena at LHC of CERN, the
different results for the Fermilab's data peak, etc; However, according to the
(B-L) invariance, the sterile "neutrino" from "the event excess in MiniBooNe"
can not be the fourth neutrino but rather the delta particle; We think that the
delta particles are related to the phenomenon about neutrinos FTL, and that
anti-neutrinos are faster than neutrinos. FTL is also related to the cosmic
inflation, singular point disappearance, and abnormal red shift of SN Ia. Some
experiments and observations are suggested. In the Extension section, we
clarify "mass tree", our finite universe, cosmic dual expansions, dual SM etc.
And the LHC can look for new particles with decay products graviton/delta
particle and new interaction indeed.
Cosmic-Ray Nuclei, Antiprotons and Gamma-rays in the Galaxy: a New Diffusion Model
Date: 2016-05-18 00:00:00

We model the transport of cosmic ray nuclei in the Galaxy by means of a new
numerical code. Differently from previous numerical models we account for a
generic spatial distribution of the diffusion coefficient. We found that in the
case of radially uniform diffusion, the main secondary/primary ratios (B/C, N/O
and sub-Fe/Fe) and the modulated antiproton spectrum match consistently the
available observations. Convection and re-acceleration do not seem to be
required in the energy range we consider: $1 < E < 10^3$ GeV/nucleon. We
generalize these results accounting for radial dependence of the diffusion
coefficient, which is assumed to trace that of the cosmic ray sources. While
this does not affect the prediction of secondary/primary ratios, the simulated
longitude profile of the diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission is significantly
different from the uniform case and may agree with EGRET measurements without
invoking ad hoc assumptions on the galactic gas density distribution.
A Second Case of Variable Na I D Lines in a Highly-Reddened Type Ia Supernova (with Erratum)
Date: 2017-07-10 00:00:00

(Original) Recent high-resolution spectra of the Type Ia SN 2006X have
revealed the presence of time-variable and blueshifted Na I D features,
interpreted by Patat et al. as originating in circumstellar material within the
progenitor system. The variation seen in SN 2006X induces relatively large
changes in the total Na I D equivalent width ($\Delta\rm{EW}\approx 0.5
\unicode{x212B}$ in just over two weeks), that would be detectable at lower
resolutions. We have used a large data set comprising 2400 low-resolution
spectra of 450 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained by the CfA Supernova
Program to search for variable Na I D features. Out of the 31 SNe Ia (including
SN 2006X) in which we could have detected similar EW variations, only one other
(SN 1999cl) shows variable Na I D features, with an even larger change over a
similar ~10-day timescale ($\Delta\rm{EW} = 1.66 \pm 0.21 \unicode{x212B}$).
Interestingly, both SN 1999cl and SN 2006X are the two most highly-reddened
objects in our sample, raising the possibility that the variability is
connected to dusty environments.
  (Erratum) The large variation in the Na I D equivalent width observed in SN
1999cl results in fact from a measurement error. Our new measurements show that
the EW variation is significantly lower, at $0.43 \pm 0.14 \unicode{x212B}$.
While the EW variation remains statistically significant (3.1$\sigma$ different
from zero), it is now below the detection threshold of 0.5 $\unicode{x212B}$
derived from the Monte Carlo simulations published in the original paper. As a
result, SN 1999cl should no longer be considered as an object displaying
variable Na I D lines in our study. The fraction of SNe Ia in our sample
displaying Na I D lines thus goes from $\sim$6% (2/31) in the original study to
$\sim$3% (1/31) in the revised analysis, SN 2006X being the only SN Ia in our
sample with variable Na I D lines.
A Model of Pupal Water Loss in Glossina
Date: 2015-05-25 00:00:00
Tasks: model

The results of a long-established investigation into pupal transpiration are
used as a rudimentary data set. These data are then generalised to all
temperatures and humidities by invoking the property of multiplicative
separability, as well as by converting established relationships in terms of
constant humidity at fixed temperature, to alternatives in terms of a
calculated water loss. In this way a formulation which is a series of very
simple, first order, ordinary differential equations is devised. The model is
extended to include a variety of Glossina species using their relative surface
areas, their relative pupal and puparial loss rates and their different 4th
instar excretions. The resulting computational model calculates total, pupal
water loss, consequent mortality and emergence. Remaining fat reserves are a
more tenuous result.
  The model suggests that, while conventional wisdom is often correct in
dismissing variability in transpiration-related pupal mortality as
insignificant, the effects of transpiration can be profound under adverse
conditions and for some species, in general. The model demonstrates how two
gender effects, the more significant one at the drier extremes of tsetse fly
habitat, might arise. The agreement between calculated and measured critical
water losses suggests very little difference in the behaviour of the different
species.