pwc-archive/papers-with-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Phase reconstruction based on recurrent phase unwrapping with deep neural networks
Authors: Yoshiki Masuyama, Kohei Yatabe, Yuma Koizumi, Yasuhiro Oikawa, Noboru Harada
Date: 2020-02-14 00:00:00
Tasks: Audio Synthesis

Phase reconstruction, which estimates phase from a given amplitude spectrogram, is an active research field in acoustical signal processing with many applications including audio synthesis. To take advantage of rich knowledge from data, several studies presented deep neural network (DNN)--based phase reconstruction methods. However, the training of a DNN for phase reconstruction is not an easy task because phase is sensitive to the shift of a waveform. To overcome this problem, we propose a DNN-based two-stage phase reconstruction method. In the proposed method, DNNs estimate phase derivatives instead of phase itself, which allows us to avoid the sensitivity problem. Then, phase is recursively estimated based on the estimated derivatives, which is named recurrent phase unwrapping (RPU). The experimental results confirm that the proposed method outperformed the direct phase estimation by a DNN.
Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embedding
Authors: Fangxiaoyu Feng, Yinfei Yang, Daniel Cer, Naveen Arivazhagan, Wei Wang
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: ACL 2022 5
Tasks: Language Modeling, Language Modelling, Masked Language Modeling, Multilingual NLP, NMT, Retrieval, Semantic Similarity, Semantic Textual Similarity, Sentence, Sentence Embedding, Sentence-Embedding, Sentence Embeddings, Text Retrieval, Transfer Learning, Translation

While BERT is an effective method for learning monolingual sentence embeddings for semantic similarity and embedding based transfer learning (Reimers and Gurevych, 2019), BERT based cross-lingual sentence embeddings have yet to be explored. We systematically investigate methods for learning multilingual sentence embeddings by combining the best methods for learning monolingual and cross-lingual representations including: masked language modeling (MLM), translation language modeling (TLM) (Conneau and Lample, 2019), dual encoder translation ranking (Guo et al., 2018), and additive margin softmax (Yang et al., 2019a). We show that introducing a pre-trained multilingual language model dramatically reduces the amount of parallel training data required to achieve good performance by 80%. Composing the best of these methods produces a model that achieves 83.7% bi-text retrieval accuracy over 112 languages on Tatoeba, well above the 65.5% achieved by Artetxe and Schwenk (2019b), while still performing competitively on monolingual transfer learning benchmarks (Conneau and Kiela, 2018). Parallel data mined from CommonCrawl using our best model is shown to train competitive NMT models for en-zh and en-de. We publicly release our best multilingual sentence embedding model for 109+ languages at https://tfhub.dev/google/LaBSE.
Swoosh! Rattle! Thump! -- Actions that Sound
Authors: Dhiraj Gandhi, Abhinav Gupta, Lerrel Pinto
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00

Truly intelligent agents need to capture the interplay of all their senses to build a rich physical understanding of their world. In robotics, we have seen tremendous progress in using visual and tactile perception; however, we have often ignored a key sense: sound. This is primarily due to the lack of data that captures the interplay of action and sound. In this work, we perform the first large-scale study of the interactions between sound and robotic action. To do this, we create the largest available sound-action-vision dataset with 15,000 interactions on 60 objects using our robotic platform Tilt-Bot. By tilting objects and allowing them to crash into the walls of a robotic tray, we collect rich four-channel audio information. Using this data, we explore the synergies between sound and action and present three key insights. First, sound is indicative of fine-grained object class information, e.g., sound can differentiate a metal screwdriver from a metal wrench. Second, sound also contains information about the causal effects of an action, i.e. given the sound produced, we can predict what action was applied to the object. Finally, object representations derived from audio embeddings are indicative of implicit physical properties. We demonstrate that on previously unseen objects, audio embeddings generated through interactions can predict forward models 24% better than passive visual embeddings. Project videos and data are at https://dhiraj100892.github.io/swoosh/
Variational Autoencoders for Anomalous Jet Tagging
Authors: Taoli Cheng, Jean-François Arguin, Julien Leissner-Martin, Jacinthe Pilette, Tobias Golling
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Jet Tagging, Outlier Detection

We present a detailed study on Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for anomalous jet tagging at the Large Hadron Collider. By taking in low-level jet constituents' information, and training with background QCD jets in an unsupervised manner, the VAE is able to encode important information for reconstructing jets, while learning an expressive posterior distribution in the latent space. When using the VAE as an anomaly detector, we present different approaches to detect anomalies: directly comparing in the input space or, instead, working in the latent space. In order to facilitate general search approaches such as bump-hunt, mass-decorrelated VAEs based on distance correlation regularization are also studied. We find that the naive mass-decorrelated VAEs fail at maintaining proper detection performance, by assigning higher probabilities to some anomalous samples. To build a performant mass-decorrelated anomalous jet tagger, we propose the Outlier Exposed VAE (OE-VAE), for which some outlier samples are introduced in the training process to guide the learned information. OE-VAEs are employed to achieve two goals at the same time: increasing sensitivity of outlier detection and decorrelating jet mass from the anomaly score. We succeed in reaching excellent results from both aspects. Code implementation of this work can be found at https://github.com/taolicheng/VAE-Jet
Expected Eligibility Traces
Authors: Hado van Hasselt, Sephora Madjiheurem, Matteo Hessel, David Silver, André Barreto, Diana Borsa
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: counterfactual

The question of how to determine which states and actions are responsible for a certain outcome is known as the credit assignment problem and remains a central research question in reinforcement learning and artificial intelligence. Eligibility traces enable efficient credit assignment to the recent sequence of states and actions experienced by the agent, but not to counterfactual sequences that could also have led to the current state. In this work, we introduce expected eligibility traces. Expected traces allow, with a single update, to update states and actions that could have preceded the current state, even if they did not do so on this occasion. We discuss when expected traces provide benefits over classic (instantaneous) traces in temporal-difference learning, and show that sometimes substantial improvements can be attained. We provide a way to smoothly interpolate between instantaneous and expected traces by a mechanism similar to bootstrapping, which ensures that the resulting algorithm is a strict generalisation of TD($\lambda$). Finally, we discuss possible extensions and connections to related ideas, such as successor features.
LOOC: Localize Overlapping Objects with Count Supervision
Authors: Issam H. Laradji, Rafael Pardinas, Pau Rodriguez, David Vazquez
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00

Acquiring count annotations generally requires less human effort than point-level and bounding box annotations. Thus, we propose the novel problem setup of localizing objects in dense scenes under this weaker supervision. We propose LOOC, a method to Localize Overlapping Objects with Count supervision. We train LOOC by alternating between two stages. In the first stage, LOOC learns to generate pseudo point-level annotations in a semi-supervised manner. In the second stage, LOOC uses a fully-supervised localization method that trains on these pseudo labels. The localization method is used to progressively improve the quality of the pseudo labels. We conducted experiments on popular counting datasets. For localization, LOOC achieves a strong new baseline in the novel problem setup where only count supervision is available. For counting, LOOC outperforms current state-of-the-art methods that only use count as their supervision. Code is available at: https://github.com/ElementAI/looc.
Pretrained Semantic Speech Embeddings for End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding via Cross-Modal Teacher-Student Learning
Authors: Pavel Denisov, Ngoc Thang Vu
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Natural Language Understanding, speech-recognition, Speech Recognition, Spoken Language Understanding

Spoken language understanding is typically based on pipeline architectures including speech recognition and natural language understanding steps. These components are optimized independently to allow usage of available data, but the overall system suffers from error propagation. In this paper, we propose a novel training method that enables pretrained contextual embeddings to process acoustic features. In particular, we extend it with an encoder of pretrained speech recognition systems in order to construct end-to-end spoken language understanding systems. Our proposed method is based on the teacher-student framework across speech and text modalities that aligns the acoustic and the semantic latent spaces. Experimental results in three benchmarks show that our system reaches the performance comparable to the pipeline architecture without using any training data and outperforms it after fine-tuning with ten examples per class on two out of three benchmarks.
PsychFM: Predicting your next gamble
Authors: Prakash Rajan, Krishna P. Miyapuram
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Recommendation Systems

There is a sudden surge to model human behavior due to its vast and diverse applications which includes modeling public policies, economic behavior and consumer behavior. Most of the human behavior itself can be modeled into a choice prediction problem. Prospect theory is a theoretical model that tries to explain the anomalies in choice prediction. These theories perform well in terms of explaining the anomalies but they lack precision. Since the behavior is person dependent, there is a need to build a model that predicts choices on a per-person basis. Looking on at the average persons choice may not necessarily throw light on a particular person's choice. Modeling the gambling problem on a per person basis will help in recommendation systems and related areas. A novel hybrid model namely psychological factorisation machine ( PsychFM ) has been proposed that involves concepts from machine learning as well as psychological theories. It outperforms the popular existing models namely random forest and factorisation machines for the benchmark dataset CPC-18. Finally,the efficacy of the proposed hybrid model has been verified by comparing with the existing models.
Image-based Vehicle Re-identification Model with Adaptive Attention Modules and Metadata Re-ranking
Authors: Quang Truong, Hy Dang, Zhankai Ye, Minh Nguyen, Bo Mei
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Re-Ranking, Vehicle Re-Identification

Vehicle Re-identification is a challenging task due to intra-class variability and inter-class similarity across non-overlapping cameras. To tackle these problems, recently proposed methods require additional annotation to extract more features for false positive image exclusion. In this paper, we propose a model powered by adaptive attention modules that requires fewer label annotations but still out-performs the previous models. We also include a re-ranking method that takes account of the importance of metadata feature embeddings in our paper. The proposed method is evaluated on CVPR AI City Challenge 2020 dataset and achieves mAP of 37.25% in Track 2.
DynNet: Physics-based neural architecture design for linear and nonlinear structural response modeling and prediction
Authors: Soheil Sadeghi Eshkevari, Martin Takáč, Shamim N. Pakzad, Majid Jahani
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00

Data-driven models for predicting dynamic responses of linear and nonlinear systems are of great importance due to their wide application from probabilistic analysis to inverse problems such as system identification and damage diagnosis. In this study, a physics-based recurrent neural network model is designed that is able to learn the dynamics of linear and nonlinear multiple degrees of freedom systems given a ground motion. The model is able to estimate a complete set of responses, including displacement, velocity, acceleration, and internal forces. Compared to the most advanced counterparts, this model requires a smaller number of trainable variables while the accuracy of predictions is higher for long trajectories. In addition, the architecture of the recurrent block is inspired by differential equation solver algorithms and it is expected that this approach yields more generalized solutions. In the training phase, we propose multiple novel techniques to dramatically accelerate the learning process using smaller datasets, such as hardsampling, utilization of trajectory loss function, and implementation of a trust-region approach. Numerical case studies are conducted to examine the strength of the network to learn different nonlinear behaviors. It is shown that the network is able to capture different nonlinear behaviors of dynamic systems with very high accuracy and with no need for prior information or very large datasets.
AVP-SLAM: Semantic Visual Mapping and Localization for Autonomous Vehicles in the Parking Lot
Authors: Tong Qin, Tongqing Chen, Yilun Chen, Qing Su
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Autonomous Vehicles, Navigate

Autonomous valet parking is a specific application for autonomous vehicles. In this task, vehicles need to navigate in narrow, crowded and GPS-denied parking lots. Accurate localization ability is of great importance. Traditional visual-based methods suffer from tracking lost due to texture-less regions, repeated structures, and appearance changes. In this paper, we exploit robust semantic features to build the map and localize vehicles in parking lots. Semantic features contain guide signs, parking lines, speed bumps, etc, which typically appear in parking lots. Compared with traditional features, these semantic features are long-term stable and robust to the perspective and illumination change. We adopt four surround-view cameras to increase the perception range. Assisting by an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and wheel encoders, the proposed system generates a global visual semantic map. This map is further used to localize vehicles at the centimeter level. We analyze the accuracy and recall of our system and compare it against other methods in real experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practicability of the proposed system by the autonomous parking application.
Continuously Indexed Domain Adaptation
Authors: Hao Wang, Hao He, Dina Katabi
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: ICML 2020 1
Tasks: Continuously Indexed Domain Adaptation, Domain Adaptation

Existing domain adaptation focuses on transferring knowledge between domains with categorical indices (e.g., between datasets A and B). However, many tasks involve continuously indexed domains. For example, in medical applications, one often needs to transfer disease analysis and prediction across patients of different ages, where age acts as a continuous domain index. Such tasks are challenging for prior domain adaptation methods since they ignore the underlying relation among domains. In this paper, we propose the first method for continuously indexed domain adaptation. Our approach combines traditional adversarial adaptation with a novel discriminator that models the encoding-conditioned domain index distribution. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates the value of leveraging the domain index to generate invariant features across a continuous range of domains. Our empirical results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art domain adaption methods on both synthetic and real-world medical datasets.
Deep learning for scene recognition from visual data: a survey
Authors: Alina Matei, Andreea Glavan, Estefania Talavera
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Deep Learning, Model Selection, Scene Recognition, Survey

The use of deep learning techniques has exploded during the last few years, resulting in a direct contribution to the field of artificial intelligence. This work aims to be a review of the state-of-the-art in scene recognition with deep learning models from visual data. Scene recognition is still an emerging field in computer vision, which has been addressed from a single image and dynamic image perspective. We first give an overview of available datasets for image and video scene recognition. Later, we describe ensemble techniques introduced by research papers in the field. Finally, we give some remarks on our findings and discuss what we consider challenges in the field and future lines of research. This paper aims to be a future guide for model selection for the task of scene recognition.
Exploration and Discovery of the COVID-19 Literature through Semantic Visualization
Authors: Jingxuan Tu, Marc Verhagen, Brent Cochran, James Pustejovsky
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: NAACL 2021 4
Tasks: Knowledge Graphs, TAG

We are developing semantic visualization techniques in order to enhance exploration and enable discovery over large datasets of complex networks of relations. Semantic visualization is a method of enabling exploration and discovery over large datasets of complex networks by exploiting the semantics of the relations in them. This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operations to the extracted relations, creating "relation containers", or functional entities that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. Our hope is that this will enable the discovery of novel inferences over relations in complex data that otherwise would go unnoticed. We have applied this to analysis of the recently released CORD-19 dataset.
CacheNet: A Model Caching Framework for Deep Learning Inference on the Edge
Authors: Yihao Fang, Shervin Manzuri Shalmani, Rong Zheng
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: image-classification, Image Classification, speech-recognition, Speech Recognition

The success of deep neural networks (DNN) in machine perception applications such as image classification and speech recognition comes at the cost of high computation and storage complexity. Inference of uncompressed large scale DNN models can only run in the cloud with extra communication latency back and forth between cloud and end devices, while compressed DNN models achieve real-time inference on end devices at the price of lower predictive accuracy. In order to have the best of both worlds (latency and accuracy), we propose CacheNet, a model caching framework. CacheNet caches low-complexity models on end devices and high-complexity (or full) models on edge or cloud servers. By exploiting temporal locality in streaming data, high cache hit and consequently shorter latency can be achieved with no or only marginal decrease in prediction accuracy. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and FVG have shown CacheNet is 58-217% faster than baseline approaches that run inference tasks on end devices or edge servers alone.
Harnessing Wireless Channels for Scalable and Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning
Authors: Anis Elgabli, Jihong Park, Chaouki Ben Issaid, Mehdi Bennis
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Tasks: Federated Learning, Privacy Preserving

Wireless connectivity is instrumental in enabling scalable federated learning (FL), yet wireless channels bring challenges for model training, in which channel randomness perturbs each worker's model update while multiple workers' updates incur significant interference under limited bandwidth. To address these challenges, in this work we formulate a novel constrained optimization problem, and propose an FL framework harnessing wireless channel perturbations and interference for improving privacy, bandwidth-efficiency, and scalability. The resultant algorithm is coined analog federated ADMM (A-FADMM) based on analog transmissions and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In A-FADMM, all workers upload their model updates to the parameter server (PS) using a single channel via analog transmissions, during which all models are perturbed and aggregated over-the-air. This not only saves communication bandwidth, but also hides each worker's exact model update trajectory from any eavesdropper including the honest-but-curious PS, thereby preserving data privacy against model inversion attacks. We formally prove the convergence and privacy guarantees of A-FADMM for convex functions under time-varying channels, and numerically show the effectiveness of A-FADMM under noisy channels and stochastic non-convex functions, in terms of convergence speed and scalability, as well as communication bandwidth and energy efficiency.
TICO-19: the Translation Initiative for Covid-19
Authors: Antonios Anastasopoulos, Alessandro Cattelan, Zi-Yi Dou, Marcello Federico, Christian Federman, Dmitriy Genzel, Francisco Guzmán, Junjie Hu, Macduff Hughes, Philipp Koehn, Rosie Lazar, Will Lewis, Graham Neubig, Mengmeng Niu, Alp Öktem, Eric Paquin, Grace Tang, Sylwia Tur
Date: 2020-07-03 00:00:00
Proceeding: EMNLP (NLP-COVID19) 2020 12
Tasks: Translation

The COVID-19 pandemic is the worst pandemic to strike the world in over a century. Crucial to stemming the tide of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is communicating to vulnerable populations the means by which they can protect themselves. To this end, the collaborators forming the Translation Initiative for COvid-19 (TICO-19) have made test and development data available to AI and MT researchers in 35 different languages in order to foster the development of tools and resources for improving access to information about COVID-19 in these languages. In addition to 9 high-resourced, "pivot" languages, the team is targeting 26 lesser resourced languages, in particular languages of Africa, South Asia and South-East Asia, whose populations may be the most vulnerable to the spread of the virus. The same data is translated into all of the languages represented, meaning that testing or development can be done for any pairing of languages in the set. Further, the team is converting the test and development data into translation memories (TMXs) that can be used by localizers from and to any of the languages.