In 1934, with the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act (25 U.S.C.A. § 461, et. seq.), Indian tribes were allowed to exercise their inherent sovereignty to establish their own justice codes and operate court systems enforcing those laws. The Act authorized tribes to organize and adopt constitutions. However, many of the tribally-enacted constitutions were boiler-plate templates, requiring Secretary of the Interior-approval for many tribal government actions. Nevertheless, despite its flaws, the Act is considered a “success” in providing a framework for and first-step towards expanding tribal self-government. www.tribal-institute.org/lists/justice.htm