You're missing the point, rick, Pope and Stephen. When you go to e.g. www.canada.ca, the site loads components on the page directly from Google (googletagmanager.com, googleapis.com), etc. These components know which page they are being called from, and Google generally knows who is at a particular ip address thanks to all their other services, wifi data, Android devices, etc. That means that Google almost always knows who is looking at that EI, disability benefits, income tax, health, etc. government site, because the website is set up to call up those components directly from Google, something which is entirely unnecessary and is due to incompetence, laziness or lack of understanding. 
This has nothing to do with cookies, the hosts file, or advertising.