Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)
Knight Commander (KCIE)
Companion (CIE)
No appointments have been made since 1947, the year of Indian independence and the Partition of India. In 2010 the last surviving knight, The Maharaja of Dhrangadhra, died and the order became dormant .
The motto of the Order is , (Under the auspices of the Empress), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the Empire of India; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
History
The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and "native" officials who served in India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but a second class, Knights Commander, was added in 1887. The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861); consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter.
On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: Knights Commander and Companions, with the following first Knights Commander:
General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts
Edward Drummond
Sir Alfred Comyns Lyall
Bhagvatsingh of Gondal
Robert Anstruther Dalyell
Maxwell Melvill
Alexander Cunningham
Rana Shankar Baksh Singh
Dietrich Brandis
Sir Monier Williams
Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, Maharaja of Vizianagram
Donald Campbell Macnabb
Honourable Nawab Sir Imam Buksh Khan Mazari, The Nawab of Mazari.Pakistan
Nawab Munir ud-Daula Salar Jang, the Prime Minister of Hyderabad
George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood
Ranjit Singh, Raja of Ratlam
Surgeon-General Benjamin Simpson
Albert James Leppoc Cappel
Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Murshidabad
Lachmessur Singh, Maharaja of Darbhanga
Bapu Sahib Avar
Donald Mackenzie Wallace
Alfred Woodley Croft
Bradford Leslie
However, on 5 January 1888, a further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three - Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven Knights Grand Commander were created; they were:
HRH The Prince of Wales
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
HRH The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
HRH The Duke of Cambridge
The Lord Reay, Governor of Bombay
The Lord Connemara, Governor of Madras
General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts (promoted from a Knight Commander)
Normally the highest grade in British orders is Knight Grand Cross, but Knight Grand Commander was chosen for the two Indian awards because of the Christian symbolism of the cross.
Appointments to both Orders stopped after 14 August 1947. The Orders have never been formally abolished, and Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders to this day. Today, there are no living members of the order.
The last Grand Master of the Order, Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900-1979), died on 27 August 1979.
The last surviving GCIE, HH Maharaja Sri Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma (1912-1991), the Maharaja of Travancore, died on 19 July 1991 in Trivandrum.
The last surviving KCIE, HH Maharaja Sri Sir the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra (1923-2010), the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra-Halvad, died at Dhrangadhra on 1 August 2010.
The last surviving CIE, Vice-Admiral Sir Ronald Brockman (1909-1999), died on 3 September 1999 in London.
The fictional characters Purun Dass (invented by Rudyard Kipling) and Harry Paget Flashman (invented by George MacDonald Fraser) each held a KCIE; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in The Day's Work (1908) wants the CIE.
Composition
The British Sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order. The Grand Master held the next-most senior rank; the position was held, ex officio, by the Viceroy of India. Members of the first class were known as "Knights Grand Commanders" rather than "Knights Grand Cross" so as not to offend the non-Christian Indians appointed to the Order.
At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class, that of Companion. There could be any number of members. In 1887, the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander (50 at any given time) and Companions (no quota). The following year the class of Knight Grand Commander (25 at any given time) was added; the composition of the other two classes remained the same.
British officials and soldiers were eligible for appointment, as were rulers of Indian Princely States. Generally, the rulers of the more important states were appointed Knights Grand Commanders of the Order of the Star of India, rather than of the Order of the Indian Empire. Women, except the princely rulers, could not be members the Order. Female princely rulers were admitted as "Knights" rather than as "Dames" or "Ladies".
As well, other Asian and Middle Eastern rulers were also appointed.
References
The 1887 reformation of the Order
The 1888 reformation of the Order
1878 establishments in the United Kingdom
1947 disestablishments in India
1870s establishments in India
1947 disestablishments in the United Kingdom