pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Köpenick

Kopenick part of the German capital city of Berlin. It is at the meeting place of two rivers, the Dahme and Spree.
It is known for the famous imposter Wilhelm Voigt, the Captain of Kopenick.
Kopenick was an independent town until 1920. It then became a borough of Berlin, with an area of , making it Berlin's largest borough. In 2001, the borough of Kopenick was merged with that of Treptow to create the current borough of Treptow-Kopenick.
Geography
Overview
A lot of Kopenick's area is covered with forests and water, such as the Muggelsee lake.
The Spree connects Kopenick with the Muggelsee and the Berlin city centre. The Oder-Spree Canal links the Dahme, at nearby Schmockwitz, with the Oder river, at Eisenhuttenstadt, thus providing a navigable connection between Kopenick and the Oder.
There are so many forests and parks in Kopenick is sometimes called the "green lungs" of Berlin. The Muggelberge hills in the south-east of Kopenick reach , making them the highest natural point of Berlin.
Subdivision
Kopenick is divided into 8 zones:
Altstadt
Kietzer Vorstadt
Dammvorstadt
Kopenick-Nord
Siedlung Dammfeld
Elsengrund
Uhlenhorst
Wolfsgarten
Amtsfeld-Kammereiheide
Salvador-Allende-Viertel
Kollnische Vorstadt
Spindlersfeld
Wendenschloss
Siedlung Kietzer Feld
Panorama
History
For many years Kopenick was an independent town. Its was first mentioned as a stronghold in 1209. This means Kopenick is older than Berlin-Colln, which was first mentioned in a 1237 deed. For the most part of Kopenick's history, the town was known as Copenick.
In 1631, during the Thirty Years' War, the emissaries of George William, Elector of Brandenburg went to Kopenick to meet the approaching army of Gustav Adolph, King of Sweden, to try to stop the devastation of Brandenburg.
In 1906, a shoemaker called Wilhelm Voigt pretended to be a Prussian officer and took over the town hall of Kopenick. A play was made about the event, and later several films and television shows.
Sport
The Stadion An der Alten Forsterei is home of the 1. FC Union Berlin football club.
References
Other websites
Kopenick official site
Kopenick page on www.berlin.de
Natalie

Natalie [ nat-l-ee ] is a female given name derived from late Latin name Natalia which in turn means "Christmas Day". Natalie is found in many languages but is especially prevalent in French and English speaking countries. Natalie is a name that's been popular for centuries due to its beauty and widespread usage across various cultures and languages. This name has a rich history and significant meaning. It is derived from the Latin word "natalis," which means "birth" or "birthday." Natalie is often associated with Christmas, a holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The name has been used in many cultures and languages, with different spellings in French, Spanish, Russian, and Italian. It's also been widely used in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. This name was ranked #56 on the US Popular Names in 2021.
People
Natalie Biden, American internet personality and granddaughter of U.S. President Joe Biden
Natalie Merchant, American singer-songwriter
Natalie Portman, American actress and filmmaker
Natalie Cole, American singer and songwriter (1950-2015)
References
Given names
Hickman, Kentucky

Hickman is a city in Kentucky in the United States. It is in Fulton County. Hickman had a population of 2,560 at the 2000 census.
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky
Consciousness

Consciousness means being awake, alert and responsive to the environment. The definition of consciousness may differ in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy and other related sciences. It is often disputed amongst academics and scientists.
Consciousness is a spectrum. There are several states between a fully conscious state and a fully unconscious state. In medicine, the degree of loss of consciousness is measured by using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); a score between 3 and 15 is given to each person at any time, to show how conscious he or she is. Higher scores show more conscious states.
It seems that many decisions are made without us being aware of it. Some think that these decisions are made by what is called the unconscious mind. There are also many body functions which we do not notice until they go wrong. These activities are done by the autonomic nervous system. Breathing and the beat of one's heart can be noticed but are controlled by nervous system without thought.
It is not known what causes consciousness. So, it is difficult to know if another person or thing is indeed conscious. The best we can say is that some animals do seem to be conscious of the world around them. We ourselves assume that others have consciousness, but this is notoriously difficult to prove. This is known in philosophy as the problem of other minds.
References
Philosophy
Ghotki

Ghotki () Ghotki is a town of Northern Sindh, Pakistan. It was the site of the July 13, 2005 Ghotki rail crash.
Ghotki District
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani

Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (, born 1 January 1952) is the former Emir of the State of Qatar. He was the Emir from 1995 to 2013. Sheikh Hamad was the heir apparent of Qatar between 1977 and 1995. He was lso the Minister of Defense at that time. In the early 1980s, he led the Supreme Planning Council. It sets the economic and social policies for Qatar. In 1992, Hamad worked more on the day-to-day running of the country. This included the development of Qatar's oil and natural gas resources. On 27 June 1995, He took control of the country from his father in a palace coup. Sheikh Hamad was crowned on 20 June 2000. The Emir is famous for helping to create the first Arab international news network, Al Jazeera, when he gave a loan of QAR 500 million ($137 million) to keep Al Jazeera running for its first five years. In late 2012 and early 2013, it was said that the Emir gave money and items to terrorist groups such as Hamas, Ansar Dine, and the Al-Nusra Front.
References
Other websites
Official site of His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani
Genealogy of The Al-Thani Dynasty, Page 7 - Website RoyalArk.net
Portrait of His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani
Denver Post article on His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani and his rise to power
Stargate Photo of Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa's yacht no. 1
Constellation Photo of Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa's yacht no. 2
1952 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Qatar
Doha
New York's 14th congressional district

New York's 14th congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in New York City, represented by Democrat Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.
The district includes the eastern part of The Bronx and part of north-central Queens. The Queens portion includes the neighborhoods of Astoria, College Point, Corona, East Elmhurst, Elmhurst, Jackson Heights, and Woodside.
Roughly half of the population of the district is of Hispanic or Latino heritage, making it one of the more Latino districts in New York.
List of members representing the district
References
14
Precinct

A precinct is a closed or clearly marked space which belongs to an organisation. Around some main buildings, such as a cathedral or college, is a space. This space may have other buildings in it, and usually has a wall round it. The whole area has one owner (such as the church). People may only come into the precinct if they are allowed: it is not a public space, even though members of the public may use it. For example, students and staff may enter a college, but visitors will have to give reasons at the entry.
The concept of a precinct is mediaeval. Towns, churches, palaces, colleges were places of limited access. They were surrounded by walls and guarded.
Buildings and structures
Jahangir

Nuruddin Muhammad Salim (known by his imperial name Jahangir) (31 August 1569 - 28 October 1627) was the fourth Mughal Emperor from 1605 to 1627.
Jahangir was the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. He was married to Queen Nur Jahan ('Light of the World') and was much under her influence. she handled court matters and coins were issued in her name. He is especially well-known because of his memoirs, the Naam-i-Jahangiri (also called the Jahangir-name by some). His eldest son was Shah Jahan. Prince Khurram rebelled in the last years of his reign. The efforts of Nur Jahan, Jahangir's wife, to marginalize him were unsuccessful.
In 1622, Jahangir sent his son Prince Khurram against the combined forces of Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golconda. After his son Khurram turned against his father and made a bid for power. As with the insurrection of his eldest son Khusrau Mirza, Jahangir was able to defeat the challenge from within his family and retain power. He conquered many new territories both in the north and in the south especially through his most decorated general, Muhammad Beg Zulfiqar Khan. He died at Mirpur on his way back from Kashmir to Lahore. After his death, Nur Jahan isolated herself and never talked to anyone.
He was buried at Lahore city, now in Pakistan. After his death, by his son and successor Shah Jahan came to power. Shah Jahan killed his father for his desire to be the ruler of the world but couldn't succeed, still military campaigns started by Akbar continued.
He also consumed excessive amounts of opium, at one point employing a special servant just to manage his supply of intoxicating drugs.
Mughal emperors
1569 births
1627 deaths
17th century in India
Wetback

Wetback is a derogatory term used in the United States to refer to foreign nationals residing in the U.S., most commonly Mexicans. The word mostly targets illegal immigrants in the United States.
Slurs
Aino-Maija Tikkanen

Aino-Maija Tikkanen (2 November 1927 - 3 March 2014) was a Finnish actress. She appeared in 15 movies between 1954 and 2010. She was born in Turku.
Tikkanen died on 3 March 2014 in Helsinki. She was 86 years old.
Selected movies
The Harvest Month (1956)
Aideista parhain (2005)
References
Other websites
1927 births
2014 deaths
Finnish movie actors
Finnish stage actors
Finnish television actors
Salar de Uyuni

Salar de Uyuni (or Salar de Tunupa) is the world's largest salt flat. It is over in area.
It is in Potosi in southwest Bolivia, near the crest of the Andes at an height of 3,656 metres (11,995 ft) above sea level.
The crust serves as a source of salt and covers a pool of brine, which is exceptionally rich in lithium. It contains 50% to 70% of the world's known lithium reserves. The large area, clear skies, and exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar ideal for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.
References
Minerals
Geography of Bolivia
Unité de formation et de recherche médicale Paris Île-de-France Ouest

The Unite de formation et de recherche medicale Paris Ile-de-France Ouest (in English Paris Ile-de-France West Medical Research and Training Departement; also called PIFO or Paris Ouest) is a department of the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines focus on research and training activities in medicine.
Further reading
Official website
References
Medical education
Education in France
Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
West Makira constituency

West Makira is a constituency of the Solomon Islands. It is in the Makira-Ulawa Province.
Election results
References
Solomon Islands parliamentary constituencies
Jun Tsuji

Jun Tsuji was a Japanese writer who lived from 1884 to 1944. He wrote poems, essays, plays, and translations. He was also a musician, an actor, and a bohemian. He liked to explore different ideas and ways of living. He was interested in Dadaism, Nihilism, Epicureanism, and Anarchism. He translated a book by Max Stirner, who was a German philosopher. He also translated a book by Cesare Lombroso, who was an Italian scientist. He was married to Ito Noe, who was a feminist and an anarchist. He died of hunger during World War II.
Infancy
Japanese writers
1884 births
1944 deaths
Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is the confederation of countries that used to form the Soviet Union.
Establishment
On December 8, 1991, leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine met at the nature reserve called Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus. They discussed the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in place of the Soviet Union. They reached an agreement about many points and signed a document creating the CIS. One of these points stated that the alliance would be open to all the republics of the Soviet Union. Other nations with similar goals could also join the CIS.
Nations
The Soviet Union had 15 republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. On 6th September 1991, the Soviet Union had recognized the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Out of the remaining 12 republics, all (except Georgia) joined the CIS. Before joining the CIS, on 21st December 1991, leaders of these 11 countries had met in Kazakhstan to accept the original CIS agreement of 8th December 1991. Because Ukraine did not ratify the CIS agreement in the national parliament, it never became an official member of the CIS, but nevertheless participated as a de facto member. In December 1993, Georgia also joined the CIS. On 26th August 2006 Turkmenistan left the permanent membership, and became an associate member. On 15th August 2008 Georgia left the CIS membership, and Georgia's CIS membership officially ended on 17th August 2009. On 19 May 2018, Ukraine, which stopped participating in CIS in 2014 because of its conflict with Russia over Crimea and the Donbas, formally ended all participation in CIS.
With the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Soviet Union ceased to exist. It was the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Many consider that with CIS, Russia continues to have some control over the former republics of the Soviet Union.
Headquarters
The CIS has its headquarters at Minsk, Belarus. An executive director heads the CIS. The CIS is not a successor country to the Soviet Union. The CIS is an organization or alliance of independent countries. It is more like the European Community. The member countries of the CIS had also signed many agreements for economic cooperation and defense cooperation. They have signed other agreements for cooperation in foreign policy and other matters.
Other websites
http://cis.minsk.by Belarus
Commonwealth of Independent States - Citizendium
1991 establishments in Europe
International organizations
Political organizations based in Europe
Soviet Union
Politics of Asia
Politics of Europe
Political organizations based in Asia
1991 establishments in Asia
Carsten Sieling

Carsten Gunter Erich Sieling (born January 13, 1959 in Nienburg) is a German politician of the SPD. He is the current mayor of the city of Bremen and also head of the state of Bremen.
Previously he was among others a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2015.
Since July 15, 2015 he has been the President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (head of government of the city-state of Bremen).
References
Bremen Senate Chancery
Bundestag Website biography
1959 births
Living people
Members of the German Bundestag
Mayors of Bremen
Members of the German Bundesrat
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Helen Freedhoff

Helen Sarah Freedhoff (January 9, 1940 - June 10, 2017) was a Canadian theoretical physicist who studied the interaction of light with atoms. She was born in Toronto, Ontario.
She gained her doctorate at the University of Toronto in 1965 and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Imperial College in London. Freedhoff was the first woman appointed as a physics professor at York University in Toronto, and is believed to have been the only woman professor of theoretical physics in Canada at the time. She married Stephen Freedhoff while an undergraduate, and had two children, Michal Freedhoff and Yoni Freedhoff.
Freedhoff died suddenly of cardiac arrest on 10 June 2017 at the family's cottage in Muskoka, Ontario, aged 77.
References
1940 births
2017 deaths
Canadian physicists
Canadian academics
Writers from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Brunton Park

Brunton Park is a football (soccer) stadium. The team Carlisle United plays there.
Parts of the stadium burned down in 1953. The ground has flooded twice.
References
Football stadiums in the United Kingdom
F (New York City Subway service)

The F Queens Boulevard Express/Sixth Avenue Local''' are two rapid transit services in the B division of the New York City Subway . Their route bullets are colored orange , since they use and are part of the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan.
Operations
The F operates at all times between 179 Street in Jamaica , Queens and Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island , Brooklyn , making all stops except for an express section in Queens between Forest Hills - 71st Avenue and 21st Street - Queensbridge . Some trains terminate at Church Avenue or Kings Highway. Two scheduled rush hour trips in the peak direction run express in Brooklyn between Jay Street - Metrotech and Church Avenue , making one stop in between at Seventh Avenue. This express service was introduced in September 2019. In Brooklyn , local service is denoted as (F) in a circle shaped bullet while express service is donated as <F> in a diamond-shaped bullet.
Equipments
The F trains equipment is the R160A-2 , R160B-1 as the R160B Alstom and R160B-2 as the R160B Siemens , the F train had R46s in the past but they got removed and the F train has R160s now .
New York City Subway
Balli Durga Prasad Rao

Balli Durga Prasad Rao (15 June 1956 - 16 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India in the 2019 Indian general election. He was a member of the YSR Congress Party. Rao was also a member of the Andhra Pradesh MLA from 1985 to 1989, 1994 to 1999, and 2009 to 2014.
Rao died at a medical center in New Delhi on 16 September 2020 from COVID-19, aged 64.
References
1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Politicians from Andhra Pradesh
Kankō

was a after Choho and before Chowa. This period started in July 1004 and ended in December 1012. The reigning emperors were and .
Events of the Kanko Era
17 March 1008 (Kanko 5, 8th day of the 2nd month): The former-Emperor Kazan died at the age of 41.
16 July 1011 (Kanko 8, 13th day of the 6th month): In the 5th year of Emperor Ichijo's reign, he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his cousin. Soon after, Emperor Sanjo's role as monarch was confirmed in ceremonies (sokui).
25 July 1011 (Kanko 8, 22nd day of the 6th month ): Former-Emperor Ichijo died at the age of 32.
21 November 1011 (Kanko 8, 24th day of the 10th month): Former-Emperor Reizei died at age 62.
Related pages
Heian period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
Minneapolis, Kansas

Minneapolis is a city in Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Ottawa County. In 2010, 2,032 people lived there.
History
Minneapolis was originally called Markley's Mills. It was renamed Minneapolis about 1871, after Minneapolis, Minnesota. A railroad was built through Minneapolis in 1878.
Minneapolis had its own minor league baseball team called the Minnies in 1905. They also had it from 1908-1909, and again in 1912, alternately as part of the Kansas State League or Central Kansas League.
Geography
Minneapolis is at (39.124719, -97.705209). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Area attractions
Rock City park is southwest of Minneapolis.
People
Minneapolis is part of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 2,032 people, 832 households, and 528 families living in Minneapolis.
Famous people
George Washington Carver, who lived in the vicinity for a brief period.
Alyssa George, former Miss Kansas 2007
Rollin Rees, former U.S. Representative from Kansas
Frank "Cannonball" Richards, vaudeville and sideshow performer known for his acts involving hits to the gut, most famously getting shot with a cannonball
Alexander Riddle, 11th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas and publisher of the Minneapolis Messenger newspaper
References
Other websites
City
City of Minneapolis
Minneapolis - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 239, local school district
Attractions
Rock City, landmark
Maps
Minneapolis City Map, KDOT
Cities in Ottawa County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Body modification

Body modification (or body alteration) is when a person changes their body in a way that lasts forever or for a long time. There are many different kinds of body modification, like piercing, circumcision, or tattoos. Almost all cultures do some kind of body modification.
Arguments
People who do not like body modification sometimes call it "disfigurement" or "mutilation." They believe that if someone changes their body, it is wrong and they are doing something dangerous or unethical.
Why people do body modification
Body modification is done for different reasons. Religions might tell people that they should change their bodies to look a certain way. Other people with body modifications might just like the way the body modifications look, or how they feel good during sex.
Kinds of body modification
Common body modification
Body piercing is when a hole is made through the skin, and a piece of jewelry is put into the hole. Some piercings can be stretched so they fit larger, thicker kinds of jewelry.
Tattooing is when ink is put under the skin to make a picture. Whole body tatooing and tattooing of the lips and eyes would be thought extreme by some.
Scarification is when part of the skin is removed to create a scar.
Branding is when the skin is burned to create a scar.
"Extreme" body modification
Tongue splitting is when a person's tongue is split in two like a snake's.
Subdermal implant is when a small object is placed right underneath a person's skin.
Transdermal implant is when a small object is placed underneath a person's skin, but part of it pokes out of the skin and is visible.
Extra ocular implant (eye jewellery) is when a tiny chip of metal is placed in someone's eye.
Other body modification
Amputation is when a body part is cut off.
References
Body art
Surgery
Skin
Joseph Parry (politician)

Joseph Walcott Parry is a Saint Kitts and Nevis politician. He was President of Nevis Cricket association and a representative on the Leeward Islands Cricket Association. He was the Premier of Nevis from 2006 until 2013.
References
Living people
Premiers of Nevis
1948 births
University of the West Indies alumni
Jules Wright (politician)

Jules Winslow Wright (August 21, 1933 - January 11, 2022) was an American businessman and politician. He was born in Nenana, Alaska. He was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives between 1967 until 1969. Wright was a member of the Republican Party.
Wright died on January 11, 2022 in Wasilla, Alaska at the age of 88.
References
1933 births
2022 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Alaska
Businesspeople from Alaska
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Henri Teissier

Henri Antoine Marie Teissier (21 July 1929 - 1 December 2020) was a French-Algerian Catholic prelate. He was the Bishop of Algiers and Archbishop Emeritus of Algiers from 1998 to 2008. He was born in Lyon, France.
Teissier died on 1 December 2020 at a hospital in Lyon from problems caused by multiple strokes at the age of 91.
References
1929 births
2020 deaths
People from Lyon
People from Algiers
French Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
Roman Catholic archbishops
Deaths from stroke
Macbeth (1908 movie)

Macbeth is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by James Stuart Blackton and stars William Ranous, Paul Panzer, and Charles Kent. The movie is based on the William Shakespeare play of the same name.
Actors
William Ranous as Macbeth
Paul Panzer as Macduff
Charles Kent as Duncan
Louise Carver as Lady Macbeth
Edouard de Max
Florence Lawrence as Banquet Guest
Florence Turner as Banquet Guest
References
Other websites
American movies
1908 movies
American drama movies
American silent movies
Anne of Cleves

Anne of Cleves (22 September 1515 - 16 July 1557) was the fourth wife of Henry VIII of England from January 1540 to July 1540.
Biography
She was the daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves and Maria of Julich Berg. She was born in Dusseldorf on 22 September 1515.
She was betrothed to Francis, the Duke of Lorraine, but she ended up marrying Henry VIII in January 1540. When the couple met for the first time, they did not like each other.
Henry VIII got married six times. Except for Anne of Cleves, Henry knew all of his wives for a long time before marrying them. Henry decided to marry Anne so England and the Protestant League would be allies. It was a political marriage. Henry also knew that having more than one son would be good, in case his and Jane Seymour's son, Edward, died. So he also married Anne so he could have more children.
Hans Holbein painted a beautiful picture of Anne of Cleves and showed it to Henry. One of the reasons Henry decided to marry Anne (instead of her sister Amelia) was because she looked so beautiful in her portrait. When Anne's ship landed in England, Henry decided to sneak out to meet her early. He brought a few of his friends and servants with him. Henry dressed in the exact same clothes as the servants, and they all came into the room where Anne was waiting with her women. Henry was acting out a story from the tradition of courtly love in which a man goes to see a woman while he is disguised as a servant, and she recognizes him because of the magic of true love. Almost everyone in the courts of England and France knew this story. But Anne grew up in a strict German court. She did not know that the man dressed as a servant was King Henry, playing a game. She spoke to him like a real servant. Henry was very embarrassed.
Henry started complaining that Anne was not pretty. He said that he could not have sexual intercourse with her because she had "bad breath" and smelled. Anne's previous engagement to the Duke of Lorraine was used as an excuse for a divorce, and Anne agreed to it. In July 1540 Henry divorced Anne and married Catherine Howard, who was younger and prettier.
After the divorce
After the divorce, Henry made Anne his "sister" and gave her money and land for the rest of her life. As part of her divorce agreement, Henry gave Anne Hever Castle to live in. Anne invited Henry's daughters Mary and Elizabeth to visit her at Hever Castle. King Henry visited her too. In 1541, there were rumors that King Henry had gotten his ex-wife Anne pregnant, but historians do not think this is true.
After Henry died, Anne did not have enough money. His son, Edward VI, did not give her the same generous sums.
Anne of Cleves died on July 16, 1557 when she was 41 years old. She was the last of Henry's six wives to die, as she outlived his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, by nearly nine years. Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey.
References
1515 births
1557 deaths
House of Tudor
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
Hubert Maga

Coutoucou Hubert Maga (August 10, 1916 - May 8, 2000) was a Beninese politician. He was the 1st President of Benin from 1960 to 1963. He also was Prime Minister of Benin.
References
1916 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Benin
Prime Ministers of Benin
Benito Orgiana

Benito Orgiana (10 February 1938 - 2 April 2021) was an Italian politician. He was born in Orroli, Italy. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 until 1994. He was a member of the Italian Republican Party. He was a cofounder of the Fortza Paris party.
Orgiana died on 2 April 2021, aged 83.
References
1938 births
2021 deaths
Italian politicians
Cheung Chau

Cheung Chau is an island of Hong Kong. It is a famous scenic spot of Hong Kong. Each year, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival is held there.
Cheung Chau is located between Lamma Island and Lantau Island.
Geography of Hong Kong
Islands of China
Thrice

Thrice is an American experimental rock band formed in 1998. They are always changing their sound from different albums. The four members in Thrice are the same four people as when they started 10 years ago.
In 2004, the band released a DVD about the band. In the DVD, it talks about the members. They talk about experiences with touring and being in the band. They also talk about their ideas about the future direction of the music.
Dustin Kensrue, the lead singer for the band, released a solo album in 2007.
Most recently, Thrice have released a four disc album titled The Alchemy Index (volumes Earth, Fire, Water and Air). At the end of each disc, there is a song written in a similar poem style. The last line in that song is always sung in the same way.
Albums
First Impressions (1999)
Identity Crisis (2001)
The Illusion of Safety (2002)
The Artist in the Ambulance (2003)
Vheissu (2005)
The Alchemy Index, volumes: Fire and Water (2007)
The Alchemy Index, volumes: Earth and Air (2008)
References
American rock bands
Musical groups from California
Irvine, California
Musical groups established in 1998
1998 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
2012 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in California
Ravagers (movie)

Ravagers is a 1979 American science fiction action movie directed by Richard Compton and was based on the 1966 novel Path to Savagery by Robert Edmond Alter. It stars Richard Harris, Ernest Borgnine, Anthony James, Ann Turkel, Alana Stewart, Seymour Cassel and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Other websites
Behind-the-scenes production photos Collection of Stephen Lodge.
1979 science fiction movies
1979 action movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies set in the 1990s
Movies based on books
Post-apocalyptic movies
Dystopian movies
Homer Martin Adkins

Homer Martin Adkins (October 15, 1890 - February 26, 1964) was an American Democratic politician who was the Governor of Arkansas between 1941 and 1945.
1890 births
1964 deaths
Governors of Arkansas
Hatfield, Herefordshire

Hatfield is a small village near Leominster in Herefordshire. In the village is a caravan site called Fair View caravan site. It has a small church called Hatfield St. Leonard, built . It is of Norman design. It is built of local sandstone. Other nearby hamlets and towns include Bockleton, Bromyard and Leominister. The city of Hereford is south of Hatfield. The Herefordshire Trail (walking trail) runs through the village.
References
Villages in Herefordshire
Michael Jayston

Michael James (born 29 October 1935), known professionally as Michael Jayston, is an English actor. He played The Valeyard in the 1986 Doctor Who serial The Trial of a Time Lord. He also played in a radio version of the novel You Only Live Twice in 1990, performing James Bond. He also appeared in the BBC comedy series Only Fools and Horses in 1996, playing Raquel's father.
References
Other websites
Michael Jayston in Jane Eyre
1935 births
Living people
Actors who played James Bond
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Entertainers from Nottingham
Astyanax

Astyanax is a person in Greek mythology. He is the son of Hector of Troy and Andromache. He is killed at the end of the Trojan War by Neoptolemus, so he could not be a new king of Troy, or want revenge.
People in Greek mythology
Vadym Tyshchenko

Vadym Tyshchenko or Vadim Nikolayevich Tishchenko (24 March 1963 - 14 December 2015) was a Soviet and Ukrainian association football player and coach.
Tyshchenko made his debut for USSR on 29 August 1987 in a friendly game against Yugoslavia. He played in UEFA Euro 1988, but was not selected for the squad for that tournament or for the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
Tyshchenko died in Kiev, Ukraine from a heart attack at the age of 52.
References
Other websites
Profile
Vadym Tyshchenko died. UA-Football. 14 December 2015
1963 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Ukrainian football managers
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Ukrainian footballers
Italian Plague of 1629-1631

The Italian Plague of 1629-1631 was a group times when many people in northern Italy caught bubonic plague from 1629 to 1631. This epidemic, often called the Great Plague of Milan, killed about 280,000 people. Very many people died in the cities in Lombardy. This was one of the last outbreaks of the pandemic of bubonic plague that began with the Black Death.
German and French soldiers carried the plague to the city of Mantua in 1629 because of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). Venetian troops, infected with the disease, retreated into northern and central Italy, spreading the disease to more people.
In October 1629, the plague reached Milan, Lombardy's commercial center. In the city Milan, it killed about 64,000 people, which was 25% of Milan's people. It killed between 12% and 60% of all the people in Italy. The papal city of Bologna lost an estimated 15,000 citizens to the plague, with neighboring smaller cities of Modena and Parma also being heavily affected. This outbreak of plague also spread north into Tyrol, an alpine region of western Austria and northern Italy.
Later outbreaks of bubonic plague in Italy include the city of Florence in 1630-1633 and the areas surrounding Naples, Rome and Genoa in 1656-1657.
References
Cipolla, Carlo M. Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981.
Prinzing, Freidrich. Epidemics Resulting from Wars. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916.
1620s in Europe
17th century in Italy
Plague pandemics
1630s in Europe
1629
1630
1631
Windows Media Center

Windows Media Center is a discontinued video recorder that was developed by the Microsoft Corporation and released for Windows XP Media Center Edition, also known as the Media Center Update. It can be used in Windows Vista in Home Premium and Ultimate edition and Windows 7 in Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate and Enterprise edition.
In 2012, Microsoft launched Windows Media Center for Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 from the Pro edition. After Microsoft's Windows 10 release on July 29, 2015, Microsoft discontinued Windows Media Center because Microsoft no longer installs Windows Media Center for Windows 10. Still, users can download a modified Windows Media Center application from an unofficial source for the Windows 10 operating system.
Operating systems
Windows XP Media Center Edition
Microsoft included Windows Media Center in Windows XP in Media Center Edition when it was announced on 2002. After releasing Windows XP Media Center Edition, the first software in Windows XP changed when it officially released. In Service Pack 1, new updates allowed users to use Windows Media Center to choose a CD-DVD Drive in Windows Media Player, instead of including a Windows DVD Player app.
Windows Vista
Microsoft launched Windows Vista with Windows Media Center in Home Premium and Ultimate edition. In 2006, Microsoft developed a Windows Media Center Update on Windows Vista RTM version. Windows Media Center Update allowed users to choose like Media Center 2002 and 2005 in Home Premium edition for Windows Vista, also like changed Windows Media Player and Windows DVD Maker.
Windows 7
Microsoft launched Windows Media Center for Windows 7 for all editions except Starter and Home Basic.
Windows 8 and Windows 8.1
In the Windows 8 and 8.1 operating system, Microsoft included Windows Media Center for the Professional edition with Media Center and Pro edition, but did not include Windows Live Essentials like Windows 7 and Windows Vista Media Center.
Windows 10
Microsoft has not launched Windows Media Center for the Windows 10 operating system because Microsoft no longer supports Windows Media Center.
Windows Media Center can be downloaded for all Microsoft Windows 10 editions. However, it is not officially supported or maintained by Microsoft.
Related pages
Software
Windows Media Player
Windows 7
Windows 8
Windows Vista
Microsoft Windows software
Enrique Tábara

Luis Enrique Tabara (21 February 1930 - 25 January 2021) was an Ecuadorian painter and teacher. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was inspired by the Constructivist Movement. He also painted many works with Joaquin Torres Garcia and Manuel Rendon.
Tabara died on 25 January 2021 in Guayaquil, aged 90.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
People from Guayaquil
Painters from South America
Gleiritsch

Gleiritsch is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Schwandorf (district)
Newport County, Rhode Island

Newport County is one of five counties located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 85,643. It is also one of the seven regions of Rhode Island. The county was created in 1703.
References
Rhode Island counties
Urhobo people

The Urhobo people are an ethnic group in southern Nigeria in Delta State. They are the major ethnic group in Delta State. The Urhobo people speak the Urhobo language.
Notable people
Peter Palmer Ekeh, Nigerian sociologist and university teacher
Peter Etebo, Nigerian football player
Kefee, gospel singer and composer
Tanure Ojaide, poet and writer
Bruce Onobrakpeya, visual artist, sculptor and painter
Tracy Chapele, Nigerian journalist
Location
Professor Peter Palmer Ekeh, Founder of Urhobo Historical Society wrote in his book: Studies in Urhobo Culture, that "Urhobo is [...] in the Atlantic forest belt that stretches from Senegal in West Africa to Angola in central Africa. Historically, this region was the most pristine in all of Africa. Until the Portuguese burst into its territories in the late fifteenth century, its forest peoples cultivated their own forms of civilization, untouched by outside influences. This forest belt of western Africa was reached neither by ancient Christian influences, which had a large foothold in North Africa, nor by Islamic forces that came as far south as Hausaland by the eleventh century. While East Africa and even Central Africa were touched by Asian and Arab influences from across the Indian Ocean, as the amalgam of Swahili bears out, no similar trans-Atlantic influences breached the forest belt until the Portuguese arrival in the late fifteenth century".
Marriage
Before marriage in Urhobo culture is said to properly contracted, prayers must be offered to the ancestors (Erivwin) and God (Oghene). The bride's father offers a prayer and blessing in the native dialect for the couple.
At this point, the bride sits on the husband's lap. The blessed drink is handed to the husband who drinks first; he then hands it to his wife to drink. The wife would drink and pass it back to her husband to finish, as a sign of respect. Then only are they declared husband and wife.
Related page
Urhobo language
References
Ethnic groups in Nigeria
Delta State
AirTag

AirTag is an accessory that helps you find objects. Preorders began on 23 Apr 2021. It was released on 30 Apr 2021, at the price of PS29 each or PS99 for 4 pack. It has an optional emoji in it. It is IP67 water- and dust-resistant, up to a depth of for up to 30 minutes. It comes with a CR2032 battery which last for 1 year. It has a diameter of and thickness of , and it weighs .
Requirements
Any iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch with iOS/iPadOS 14.5 or later.
References
Apple hardware
Hubble Extreme Deep Field

The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) is an image of a small part of space in the center of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. It is in the direction of the constellation Fornax. The image shows the deepest optical view into space.
The XDF image was released on September 25, 2012. The image combined 10 years of images. It shows galaxies that are over 13.2 billion years old. The exposure time was two million seconds, or about 23 days. The least bright galaxies are one ten-billionth the brightness of what the human eye can see. Many of the smaller galaxies are very young galaxies. Some of them became the major galaxies, like the Milky Way and other galaxies in our galactic neighborhood.
The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field adds another 5,500 galaxies to Hubble's 2003 and 2004 view into a very small part of the farthest universe.
eXtreme Deep Field
Related pages
Big Bang
Universe
Hubble Deep Field
Hubble Deep Field South
Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Hubble Space Telescope
References
Astronomy
Raymond Roseliep

Raymond Roseliep (August 11, 1917 - December 6, 1983) was a poet. He wrote haiku. He was a Catholic priest. He has been described as "the John Donne of Western haiku".
Other websites
Selected Roseliep haiku
An academic analysis of the poems of Roseliep
Writers from Iowa
1917 births
1983 deaths
American poets
Polly Scattergood

Polly Scattergood (born 18 October 1986, Colchester, Essex, England), is a British singer-songwriter. She went to the BRIT School.
Career
Her first album, Polly Scattergood, was released by Mute Records in 2009. Her second album Arrows was released in October 2013. It took three and a half years to make. The first single from Arrows, "Wanderlust", was released in April 2013. On January 21 2014 the video for "Subsequently Lost" was posted on Vimeo. She has remixed "Reunion" by M83 and "You Will Find A Way" by Maps.
References
1986 births
English singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Essex
County Donegal

Donegal is a county in Ulster, Ireland. It is north of Leitrim and east of Northern Ireland.
References
Ali Habib Mahmud

Ali Habib Mahmud (; 1 January 1939 - 20 March 2020) was a Syrian military officer. He was Syria's Minister of Defense from June 2009 to August 2011. He was part of President Bashar al-Assad's inner circle. He was also Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army from 2004 to 2009.
In May 2011, the United States accused Habib of human rights abuses, and announced a travel ban and asset freeze.
Mahmud died on 20 March 2020 at the age of 81.
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Generals
Syrian politicians
Christopher Koch

Christopher John Koch AO (16 July 1932 - 23 September 2013) was an Australian novelist. He is best known for his 1978 novel The Year of Living Dangerously, which was made into an award-winning movie.
He won the Miles Franklin Award twice; The Doubleman in 1985, and Highways to a War in 1996. In 1995 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for contribution to Australian literature.
Koch was born in Hobart, Tasmania in 16 July 1932. He was educated at Clemes College, St Virgil's College, Hobart High School and the University of Tasmania.
Koch died at his home in Hobart on 23 September 2013, aged 81. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer twelve months earlier.
References
Other websites
Christopher Koch at Random House Australia
Podcast of Christopher Koch discussing "Crossing the Gap: Asia and the Australian Imagination" at the Shanghai International Literary Festival
1932 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Australian novelists
People from Hobart
Order of Australia
University of Tasmania alumni
Meatball

A meatball is meat that is ground up (finely cut), mixed with other ingredients, then shaped like a ball. Most meatballs are made out of beef. Meatballs can also be made out of chicken, fish, or other kinds of meat. The other ingredients (parts) are usually bread, onion, and eggs. Meatballs can be cooked by frying, baking, or steaming them. Meatballs are sometimes served with pasta or in a sauce. Meatballs originated from Turkey. There are many types of meatball like foggots, polpette, albondigas etc.
References
Meat dishes
Privacy by design

Privacy by design (PbD) is an idea in systems engineering and information technology.
In privacy by design, the engineers build the system so that it keeps information private starting at the beginning instead of building the system and then adding privacy protection later. In privacy by design, the designers treat privacy protection as just as important as other parts of the design.
History
Dr. Ann Cavoukian first said the term "Privacy by Design" when she was the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Canada. Dr. Cavoukian later wrote about the "7 foundational principles" of privacy by design in the 1990s.
The European GDPR regulation incorporates privacy by design which revolves around the following foundational principles:
Foundational principles
Privacy by Design is based on seven foundational principles
Privacy First
Privacy as the default setting
Privacy inside of design
Full functionality
End-to-end security
Keep it open
Keep user centered
The authors of more than five hundred other articles have talked about these principles by citing the white paper "Privacy by Design in Law, Policy and Practice" by Ann Cavoukian. Privacy by Design is accepted as the gold standard internationally.
References
Systems
Engineering
Technology
London Midland

London Midland was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It ran of track and served 146 stations. During 2007, it carried 591.5 million passengers. London Midland operated the West Midlands franchise between 2007 and 2017.
In August 2017 the franchise was awarded to a new train operating company, West Midlands Trains, who took over on 10 December 2017.
References
Post-privatisation British railway companies
Jizz in My Pants

"Jizz in My Pants" (also known as "J*** in My Pants") is a comedy sketch that was performed on YouTube and the television show Saturday Night Live on 6 December 2008. The sketch was made into the music video for a song by The Lonely Island. It is from their debut album, Incredibad. The video stars band members Andy Samberg, Jorma Taccone and Akiva Schaffer. It also features Justin Timberlake, Molly Sims and Jamie-Lynn Sigler. "Jizz in My Pants" has been viewed over 117 million times on YouTube, .
References
Other websites
2008 songs
YouTube
Beek

Beek is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 15,929 people lived there.
Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands)
Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)
Eurico Miranda

Eurico Angelo de Oliveira Miranda (7 June 1944 - 12 March 2019) was a Brazilian politician and sports businessman. He was president of Vasco da Gama from 2014 until 17 January 2018. He was president of Vasco da Gama between 2001 and 2008. In politics, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1995 to 2002.
Miranda died on 12 March 2019 in Rio de Janeiro from brain cancer, aged 74.
References
1944 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Deaths from brain cancer
Politicians from Rio de Janeiro
Businesspeople from Rio de Janeiro
Salleh Abas

Mohamed Salleh bin Abas (25 August 1929 - 16 January 2021) was a Malaysian politician and lawyer. He was Lord President of the Supreme Court of Malaysia from 1984 to 1988. From 1999 to 2004, he was a member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly. Abas was a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party.
Abas died on 16 January 2021 at a hospital in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia from COVID-19 at the age of 91.
References
1929 births
Malaysian politicians
Malaysian lawyers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
2021 deaths
Prescott, Arizona

Prescott ( ) is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 39,843. The city is the county seat of Yavapai County.
In 1864 Prescott was designated as the capital of the Arizona Territory. The Territorial Capital was moved to Tucson in 1867. Prescott again became the Territorial Capital in 1877, until Phoenix became the capital in 1889.
References
Cities in Arizona
County seats in Arizona