pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lead glass

Lead glass, also known as lead crystal, is a type of glass that has lead in it. Normal glass has calcium oxide in it, while lead glass changes the calcium oxide with lead(II) oxide. It looks nice because the lead is very large and heavy and changes how the glass looks. Lead glass rings when tapped while ordinary glass does not. This glass can absorb some X-rays. It is very insulating.
It contains between 18 to 40% of lead (II) oxide by weight. Any glass that contains at least 24% PbO by weight is referred to as "lead crystal". Any glass that contains less than 24% PbO by weight is referred to as "crystal glass". Lead glass has a chemical composition of silicon and lead oxides, with other elements added to get colours or properties.
Lead glass is also known as X-ray glass or radiation shielding glass as one of its major applications is in the absorbance of high energy radiation while maintaining optical transparency. The presence and quantity of PbO are what determines some of lead glass' most important optical and physical properties.
Applications of lead glass
The properties of lead glass make it useful for many applications. Here are a few examples:
In the medical and research fields where visibility is required during procedures or experiments that involve radiation, lead glass can achieve the same radiation attenuation as the surrounding walls or barriers while allowing visibility to the operator. A typical example is the viewing window of an X-ray room or a laboratory experimenting with radioactive materials.
The high refractive index of lead glass is useful for the production of lenses as thinner lenses can be crafted to achieve similar focal lengths to ordinary ophthalmic glass. Lead glass is thus used for special medical glasses, binoculars, microscopes and telescopes.
Digital projectors use lead glass because it has a high level of transmission over short wavelengths, which is typical of projector laser beams. Further, the temperature rise caused by the light source does not distort the image projected by lead glass because it has a lower thermal conductivity than lead-free glass.
It is useful in instruments that operate in the near-ultraviolet region and the near-infrared region as in bio-fluorescence, gene analyses, spectrometry and telecommunication.
Lead glass is used in laser optics for printing and photocopying technologies.
References
Glass
Lead compounds
Ilija Aračić

Ilija Aracic (born 15 November 1970) is a Croatian football coach and a former player who played as a striker.
Club career
Aracic was born in Slavonski Brod, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. He started his footballing career as a 9-year-old at Croatian team NK Ukrina Novo Selo, before moving to the team at the age of 14. His father Anto played professionally at the time for NK Polet Bosanski Brod. He later played for his local team where he was spotted by scouts of Prva HNL side NK Rijeka. Aracic, a drafter by trade, left Croatia as a result of the War of Independence, signed for Chemnitzer FC in Germany before transferring to Tennis Borussia Berlin in the summer of 1997. During the 1998-99 season, after impressing Hertha BSC with his two goals against them in the DFB-Pokal, quickly signed for TeBe's West Berlin rivals where he played for one and a half years before moving to Arminia Bielefeld and retiring.
Post-playing career
In 2004 Aracic took over as coach of FC Augsburg's youth team. On 1 January 2012, he became head coach of the under-19 team of VfB Stuttgart. Aracic moved to FV Illertissen in 2016. In January 2018 he returned to VfB Stuttgart and became assistant coach of Tayfun Korkut.
References
Other websites
1970 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Croatian football managers
Association football forwards
Arminia Bielefeld players
Tasmanian Wilderness

The Tasmanian Wilderness is a term that is used for a range of areas in Tasmania, Australia.
The World Heritage Areas in South West Tasmania, Western Tasmania and Central Highlands are the most well known.
However, there are also other wilderness areas in Tasmania, Tarkine and the Cradle mountain wilderness. There is also an organisation known as the Tasmanian Wilderness Society.
The World Heritage Area is one of the largest conservation areas in Australia, covering 13,800 km2, or almost 20% of Tasmania. The area constitutes one of the last expanses of temperate wilderness in the world, including the renowned South West Wilderness. The area became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, and it was extended in 1989. It is important for both its natural value but also its cultural values as well.
Remains found in limestone caves show that humans have lived in the area for well over 20,000 years.
The Tasmanian Tiger was the largest Dasyuromorphia and the last living specimen of the family Thylacinidae. The last known specimen died in captivity in 1936.p77 The world's largest surviving carnivorous marsupial is the Tasmanian Devil; it is the size of a small dog and can hunt, although it is mainly a scavenger.p46 It became extinct on the mainland some 600 years ago, and is now found only in Tasmania.p69
World Heritage area
The following National Parks and reserves make up the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area:
Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
Hartz Mountains National Park
Mole Creek Karst National Park
Southwest National Park
Walls of Jerusalem National Park
Central Plateau Conservation Area
Devils Gullet State Reserve
South East Mutton Bird Islet
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in Australia
References
Other websites
World heritage listing for Tasmanian Wilderness
Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife Service site
Position of World Heritage Area
UNESCO site
Kirill Pisklov

Kirill Eduardovich Pisklov is a basketball player from Russia. Pisklov competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was born on 22 September 1996.
References
Other websites
1996 births
Living people
Russian basketball players
Russian Olympic silver medalists
Qasim Akhgar

Qasim Akhgar, was a Hazara writer, researcher, activism and theorists from Afghanistan.
Qasim Akhgar, was born in 1951 in Kabul, Afghanistan. He died after an illness in 2013 in Kabul, Afghanistan.
References
Hazara people
CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala

The CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala (formerly Sabena Flight Academy Africa) (CAE SFA-A) is an aviation school (part of CAE Global Academy). It is in Douala, Cameroon. It was the first civil aviation university in Cameroon.
The school was a subsidiary of Sabena Flight Academy. It trains pilots, flight attendants (preparation of the Certificat de formation a la securite) and flight dispatchers.
History
The school was created in 2008 by Joseph Barla, Jean-Yves Kotto and Sabena Flight Academy. That is why the name of the school was originally Sabena Flight Academy Africa. A few months later, after Canadian group CAE took over Sabena Flight Academy, SFA-A was also bought. It became part of CAE Global Academy and was renamed CAE Global Academy Douala.
References
Other websites
Official website
CAE Oxford Aviation Academy Douala
2008 establishments in Africa
Aviation organizations
Colleges and universities in Africa
Organizations based in Cameroon
Mohammad Reza Adelkhani

Mohammad Reza Adelkhani (, born February 13, 1947 in Tehran, Iran) is a retired Iranian footballer and former Iran national football team player.
Adelkhani achieved the UEFA Pro Licence, the first Iranian to do so.
Early life
He was born on 13 February 1947 in Tehran, Iran. He began playing in football in 1960 playing at Shahin.
Club career
Adelkhani played for SG Wattenscheid 09, Wuppertaler SV, Rot-Weiss Oberhausen and VfL Klafeld-Geisweid before moving back to Iran. He was the first Iranian player to move to Europe to play football. When he was in Turkey with Taj SC for a friendly match, German talent scouts saw his performance and signed him for Bayern Munchen.
Adelkhani's first senior club in Iran was Taj SC with whom he reached second place in the Iranian league in 1974. He then joined Shahbaz F.C., where he reached third place in the Iranian league in 1976/77.
International career
Between 1973 and 1978, he played 17 times for the national team and scored 2 goals.
Iranian football fans will never forget the Asian football Olympic final 1974 in Aryamehr Stadium between Iran and Israel, in which Adelkhani forced Shum's own goal, which led Iran to win this tournament.
He was part of the Iran squad that qualified for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. However, an injury he sustained while saving his young daughter from falling down the stairs kept him out of the competition.
He was a left-footed player.
References
1947 births
Living people
Iran international footballers
Association football forwards
Esteghlal F.C. players
Iranian expatriate footballers
Sportspeople from Tehran
Asian Games gold medalists for Iran
Asian Games medalists in football
Wolthausen

Wolthausen is a village (Ortsteil) in the municipality of Winsen (Aller) in Celle in the north German state of Lower Saxony. It is on the River Ortze in the Aller valley and on the B 3 federal road.
Other websites
Official website of Winsen (Aller)
Villages in Lower Saxony
Winsen an der Aller
Gärtringen

Gartringen is a municipality of the district Boblingen in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is 25 km southwest of Stuttgart and consists of the villages Rohrau and Gartringen.
References
Other websites
Boblingen (district)
Toronto Marlies

The Toronto Marlies are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2005. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL. They play their home games in Toronto, Ontario at the Ricoh Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Reading Royals.
Other websites
Toronto Marlies' Official Site
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Toronto Maple Leafs
2005 establishments in Canada
Chemical biology

Chemical biology is a science that combines the fields of chemistry and biology. It involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems.
It is different from biochemistry. Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of biological molecules. For example, a biochemist studies the three-dimensional structure of a protein and how that structure relates to the chemistry of the protein. Also, biochemistry studies the way enzymes work. Chemical biologists use chemical principles to modulate systems. They do this to either investigate biology relationships or create new functions. In this way, the research done by chemical biologists is often closer to that of cell biology than biochemistry. Biochemists work in the chemistry of biology, but chemical biologists work in chemistry applied to biology.
Other websites
Chemical Biology - BioChemWeb.org
Chemical Biology Doctoral Training Centre, Imperial College London
Cells
Branches of chemistry
Alice DeeJay

Alice DeeJay was a Dutch electronic music group, who achieved success from 1999 to 2002. The group consisted of record producers Pronti (born Sebastiaan Molijn), Kalmani (born Eelke Kalberg) and DJ Jurgen, with lead singer Judith Anna Pronk. The groups best known song is "Better Off Alone" from their 2000 album, Who Needs Guitars Anyway?.
Other websites
Alice DeeJay at Allmusic
1990s Dutch music groups
2000s Dutch music groups
Electronic music bands
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in the Netherlands
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2002 disestablishments in Europe
Amsterdam
Bonnie and Clyde (movie)

Bonnie and Clyde is a 1967 American neo-noir biographical crime movie directed by Arthur Penn. It stars Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway as characters Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. It also stars Michael J. Pollard, Gene Hackman, and Estelle Parsons.
The movie won Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress (Estelle Parsons) and Best Cinematography (Burnett Guffey). It was among the first 100 movies selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.
References
1967 crime drama movies
1960s biographical movies
1960s road movies
American crime movies
American road movies
Movies directed by Arthur Penn
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies about bank robbery
Movies set in Texas
Movies set in Oklahoma
Movies set in Missouri
Movies set in Louisiana
Movies set in Iowa
Joel Osteen

Joel Scott Osteen (born March 5, 1963) is an American author, televangelist, and the senior pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas.
His ministry reaches over seven million broadcast media viewers weekly in over 100 nations around the world. His first book, "Your Best Life Now" has sold 5 million copies. Lakewood Church now occupies the former Compaq Center, once home to the NBA's Houston Rockets. The venue seats 16,000 people.
Osteen was born on March 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Victoria Osteen since 1987. They have two children. He lives in Houston, Texas.
In August 2017, Osteen received significant backlash on social media after he did not initially open Lakewood Church as an emergency shelter following Hurricane Harvey. A post on the church's Facebook page and an Instagram post by associate pastor John Gray, which was later deleted, claimed that flooded highways had made the church inaccessible.
References
Other websites
Official Joel Osteen Ministries
1963 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
Television evangelists
Television personalities from Texas
Writers from Houston
Cookies and Cream

Cookies and cream is a popular flavor combination of ice cream. Cookies and Cream combines pieces of cookies (a baked sweet biscuit which is made from wheat flour) and ice cream that may be cream-flavored or vanilla-flavored.
Ice cream
Mere Broughton

Mary Mereiwa Broughton (nee Whakaruru, 24 December 1938 - 31 January 2016), known as Mere Broughton, was a New Zealand Maori language activist and unionist. She was born in Hastings, New Zealand.
In the 1970s and 1980s, she worked at Victoria University. She created Te Herenga Waka Marae with her husband, Te Huirangi Waikerepuru, and Wiremu Parker. At the university she became active in union affairs, in the Association of University Staff (now the TEU). In 2010, she became the TEUs first lifetime member. Broughton was on the Tekaumarua, the advisory board to the Maori King, Tuheitia Paki. In 2014, she was part of the New Zealand delegation that sent off the canoes of the Polynesian Voyaging Society, Hokule'a and Hikianalia.
Broughton died on 31 January 2016 at her home in Waitara. She died from heart failure. She was aged 79.
References
1938 births
2016 deaths
Maori rights activists
Auby

Auby () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 7,256 people lived there.
References
Other websites
INSEE commune file
Communes in Nord
Yehoshua Matza

Yehoshua Matza (, 8 August 1931 - 30 December 2020) was an Israeli politician, economist and businessman. He was born and died in Jerusalem. He was president and CEO of State of Israel Bonds. From 1984 to 2002, he was a member of the Likud. From 1996 to 1999, Matza was Minister of Health during the first Benjamin Netanyahu cabinet.
Matza died on 30 December 2020 at the age of 89.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
Israeli politicians
Israeli businesspeople
Israeli scientists
Economists
People from Jerusalem
But I'm a Cheerleader

But I'm a Cheerleader is a 1999 American LGBT-based romantic teen comedy-drama movie. The movie stars Natasha Lyonne as a high school cheerleader who thinks she's straight. But then she comes to discover that she's really a lesbian. The MPAA initially gave the movie an NC-17 rating. However, the movie was edited to get the much more marketable R rating. In 2006, the director of this movie criticized the MPAA for being prejudiced toward movies containing gay or lesbian material. But I'm a Cheerleader received mostly bad reviews from critics who did not like the movie.
Other websites
1999 comedy-drama movies
1999 LGBT movies
1999 romantic comedy movies
1999 romantic drama movies
1990s teen comedy movies
1990s teen drama movies
1990s teen romance movies
American comedy-drama movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen drama movies
American teen romance movies
1990s English-language movies
LGBT comedy-drama movies
LGBT romance movies
American independent movies
Lincoln County, Oregon

Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,395. The county seat is Newport. The county is named for Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States.
References
Oregon counties
Emmanuel Sanders

Emmanuel Sanders (born March 17, 1987) is an American football wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Steelers in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Sanders played college football at Southern Methodist University. He also played for the Denver Broncos from 2014 to 2019.
College
Sanders spent his college football career at Southern Methodist University.
Professional career
Pittsburgh Steelers
Sanders was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 3rd round (#82 overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. With the Steelers, Sanders played as a solid backup behind Hines Ward, Antonio Brown, and Mike Wallace. Sanders missed a Week 9 game on November 6, 2011 against the Baltimore Ravens because his mother died. For his career, Sanders has a total of 50 catches for 664 yards and 4 touchdowns.
References
Living people
American football wide receivers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
1987 births
Sportspeople from Texas
San Francisco 49ers players
Kaharoa eruption

The Kaharoa eruption was a volcanic eruption in about 1314. Ash came from Mount Tarawera, and was widely distributed across the eastern and northern North Island. This layer is an important marker for archaeological studies because it approximately corresponds to the beginning of the human occupation of New Zealand.
Volcanoes of Oceania
Volcanic eruptions in New Zealand
1310s
Rotorua Lakes District
Manicamp

Manicamp is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Dietrich Stobbe

Dietrich Stobbe (25 March 1938 - 19 February 2011) was a German politician from Weepers, East Prussia.
Stobbe served as Mayor of West Berlin from 2 May 1977 till 23 January 1981. From 1 November 1978 till 31 October 1979 he was also President of the Bundesrat.
Stobbe was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
He died on the 19 February 2011 at the age of 72 after long illness.
References
Other websites
personal webpage of the late Dietrich Stobbe
1938 births
2011 deaths
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr.

Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr. (June 20, 1938 - June 26, 2020) was an American terrorist and convicted felon. At the time of his death, he was serving a life sentence for his role in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963, which killed four young African-American girls (Carole Robertson, Cynthia Wesley, Addie Mae Collins, and Denise McNair).
Blanton was the son of Thomas Edwin "Pops" Blanton Sr., who was a known racist in the Birmingham, Alabama area, and his wife.
On June 26, 2020, Blanton died at William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility in Bessemer, Alabama of natural causes while serving his life sentence. He was 82 years old.
References
1930 births
2020 deaths
American terrorists
American people convicted of murder
People from Birmingham, Alabama
Vladimir Zhirinovsky

Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (Russian: Vladimir Vol'fovich Zhirinovskii) (born Vladimir Volfovich Eidelstein; 25 April 1946 - 6 April 2022) was a Russian politician, lawyer and a colonel in the Soviet Army and later the Russian Army.
Works
He was the founder and Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). He was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. He was partly of Jewish descent (his father was Jewish). He was the Liberal Democratic presidential candidate in 1991, 1996, 2000, 2008, 2012 and 2018.
Zhironovsky was extremely racist and sexist.
2021 speech
Zhirinovsky predicted in a speech on December 27 2021, the exact date when the Russian military invaded eastern Ukraine. He said "At 4 a.m. on February 22, you will feel [our new policy]. I would like 2022 to be a peaceful year. But I love the truth, for 70 years I have been telling the truth. It will not be peaceful. It will be a year when Russia becomes great again."
Death
In February 2022, Zhirinovsky was hospitalized in Moscow with COVID-19. A month later, it was reported he was being treated for COVID-related problems such as sepsis and respiratory failure.
Zhirinovsky died from problems caused by the virus on 6 April 2022, aged 75.
References
1946 births
2022 deaths
Colonels
Russian lawyers
Russian military people
Russian politicians
Soviet military people
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Moscow State University alumni
Tamil language

Tamil is a Dravidian language. It is spoken in the Tamil Nadu and Puducherry states of India and parts of Sri Lanka. Many people in Singapore and Malaysia also speak it. Many people speaking Tamil live in various places around the world.
The Tamil language is part of the Dravidian language family, which includes Telugu,Odia, Kannada and Malayalam. According to a survey, 1863 newspapers are published in the Tamil language only every day. The oldest text found in Tamil is a grammatical work called the Tolkappiyam. Tamil has a long literary history, and is spoken by almost 100 million people.
Tamil script
The modern Tamil script is an abugida, much like the other brahmic scripts that surround it and from whom it developed from. The Tamil script has 18 consonants and 12 vowels and the aytam H,. The aytam is used with other letters to represent sounds not native to the language (usually with the English sound f.) The vowels are written as symbols above, below or on either side of the consonant. Much like other brahmic scripts, it is written from left to right.
Tamil is the dominant language in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, and Northern provinces of Sri Lanka. It is also spoken by significant immigrant communities and the historical Tamil diaspora in like the United States, Germany, Fiji, Indonesia, France, Africa and Thailand.
References
Other websites
Aqueous solution

An aqueous solution is a solution where the solvent is water. In a chemical equation it is written by adding (aq) to the formula. A solution of ordinary table salt in water would be written as NaCl(aq). NaCl is the part that means table salt. The word aqueous means being dissolved in water. Water is a solvent. It is found all over the place. Water is a solvent in chemistry.
References
Chemistry
Unicoi, Tennessee

Unicoi is a town in Unicoi County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,519 at the 2000 census and 3,632 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
It is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area - commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.
References
Towns in Tennessee
Universal indicator

A universal indicator is a test to measure the pH value of a liquid. The solution that is used has several chemical indicators in it. This means that the indicator is able to show different colours (and therefore pH value ranges). The drawback of this solution is that it cannot be used for titrations, which expect a well-defined change in color.
Related pages
pH indicator
Litmus paper
Chemistry
Incarnation (Christianity)

In the Christian religion, the Incarnation is the belief that God the Son, the second person of the Trinity who had no beginning and was fully divine, "made himself nothing" by becoming a human being named Jesus. Since Jesus had two natures--human and divine--he was at the same time fully human and fully God.
In the Incarnation, the divine nature of Christ was joined--but not mixed--with human nature. Two natures in one person: Jesus was both "truly God and truly man". The Incarnation is celebrated each year at the Feast of the Incarnation, also known as the Annunciation.
Related pages
God-man (mystic)
Incarnation
Pre-existence of Christ
Trinity
God the Son
Avatar, the Hindu idea of a deity's "descent" or incarnation upon a world
References
Other websites
The Seven Ecumenical Councils, from the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, vols. 2-14 (Trinitarian)
On the Incarnation by Saint Athanasius of Alexandria. (Trinitarian)
The Incarnation from the Catholic Encyclopedia. (Trinitarian)
'De trinitatis erroribus', by Michael Servetus (Oneness)
The Oneness of God by Dr. David K. Bernard. (Oneness)
Christology
Jesus
Nicola Pfund

Nicola Pfund (born November 7, 1960 in Sorengo) is a Swiss Italian writer, blogger and journalist.
Biography
He comes from Canton Schaffhausen, but he was born in Sorengo (Canton Ticino). After studying at a teacher-training college, he got a diploma as librarian-documentalist and later as General Culture teacher. Currently he teaches at a vocational school and he writes for some newspapers as a sports journalist (member sportpress.ch and AIPS). He is the author of several books in the historical, educational, sports and travel fields. In particular, his tales about cycling trips in Switzerland and over the Alpine passes are well known and they sometimes offer new and original information about the country.
In 2012, he created a sports blog (triathlon, ecology and ethics in sports) that rapidly became one of the most visited in the Italian language area. Enough to be selected among the seven biggest bloggers of Switzerland involved in a new project of the blogosphere, for the circulation of information concerning the "Energy Strategy 2050" of Switzerland.
Bibliography
Triathleta per passione: viaggio alla scoperta di uno sport affascinante, Lugano, Fontana, 2003.
Breganzona: echi dalla collina di ponente, Lugano, Fontana, 2005.
L'ABC del perfetto ricercatore, Lugano, Fontana, 2007.
La Svizzera in bicicletta, Lugano, Fontana, 2008.
Fare ricerca a scuola: notizie utili per svolgere piccole o grandi ricerche a scuola, Lugano, GLIMI, 2010.
Sui passi in bicicletta - Swiss Alpine passes by bicycle, Lugano, Fontana, 2012.
La filosofia del Jogger, Bellinzona, Salvioni, 2012.
A-Z fitness: sport, benessere, salute, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2014.
Allenare il corpo, allenare la mente, Firenze, Giunti Editore, 2015.
In bicicletta su e giu per il Ticino: 26 salite imperdibili alla scoperta di un territorio, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2020.
Guida letteraria della Svizzera italiana. Distretto di Lugano, Bellinzona, DECS, 2021.
''StraLugano: 15 anni di corsa (2006-2015), Associazione StraLugano, 2022.
References
Other websites
Nicola Pfund in Viceversaletteratura.ch
Biography in ASSI.ch
Bibliography in theeuropeanlibrary.com
Bibliography in swissbib.ch
Bibliography in Sistema bibliotecario ticinese
Bibliography in OPAC SBN Italian
Web/blog
Swiss people
Swiss writers
1960 births
Living people
Bloggers
The Ministry of Darkness

The Ministry of Darkness was a heel professional wrestling stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The team was led by The Undertaker. The stable was controversial due to their pseudo-Satanic themed storylines which included rituals and sacrifices. The stable lasted from January 1999. The Ministry of Darkness would eventually merge with The Corporation and form The Corporate Ministry.
During their time in The Ministry of Darkness, The Undertaker was a one-time WWF Champion, The Acolytes were two-time WWF Tag Team Champions and Mideon was a one-time WWF European Champion.
Members
The Undertaker (Leader)
The Acolytes (Bradshaw and Faarooq)
Mideon
Viscera
The Brood (Gangrel, Edge, and Christian)
Championships and accomplishments
The championship and accomplishments of both the Ministry and Corporate Ministry
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Championship (1 time) (Undertaker)
WWF Tag Team Championship (2 times) (The Acolytes)
WWF European Championship (1 time) (Mideon)
References
Other websites
The Undertaker's WWE profile
Paul Bearer's WWE profile
Bradshaw's WWE profile
Faarooq's WWE profile
Viscera's WWE profile
Edge's WWE profile
Christian's WWE profile
WWE teams and stables
SS-Verfügungstruppe

The SS-Verfugungstruppe (The Combat Support Force) (short: SS-VT) were combat divisions of the SS, trained to the same way as the normal German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht). They were the precursor of the later-developed Waffen-SS.
History
On 24 September 1934, a special SS military unit was made up by a group of a few other Nazi and paramilitary units like units known as SS Special Detachments (SS-Sonderkommandos) and the Headquarters Guard known as the (SS-Stabswache) units. The new group was to be trained as combat ready infantry. The unit was called SS-Special Purpose Troops (SS-Verfugungstruppe) and was not the police or the Armed Forces but military trained men for the use by the Fuhrer in war or peace. The SS-Verfugungstruppe (known as SS-VT) was told to the public on 16 March 1935. The SS-VT trained with Hitler's body guards some of which later joined the SS-VT prior to the invasion of Russia in 1941
Some units of the SS-VT worked with the Wehrmacht during the take over of the Sudetenland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, and took part in the invasion of Poland along with the campaign against the Allies in the West. From the regiments that made up the SS-VT came the Waffen-SS (or Armed-SS) Divisions that fought in all German theaters in World War II. Units making up the SS-VT were not known as the "Waffen-SS" until a speech by Adolf Hitler in July 1940.
In 1939 the whole SS was split into two groups: the Allgemeine-SS (the General SS) and the Waffen-SS (the Armed SS).
The Waffen-SS was made up of three smaller groups
The Hitler's personal bodyguard (German: Leibstandarte)
The Death's-Head Battalions () that ran the concentration camps.
The Combat Support Force, (German: Verfugungstruppe) Up to 39 divisions in World War II that served as elite combat troops fighting with the German army Wehrmacht.
In 1941 the commander of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, said that more Waffen-SS Verfugungstruppe units would be made from non-German foreign nationals. The goal was to get more soldiers from occupied nations. Some of these foreign units included volunteers from Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, and the Netherlands.
Countries like Spain, officially a neutral state, had by the end of the war given many volunteers to the Waffen SS (most of them with the SS Wallonien division) that took part in combat until the end of the European war in Berlin. This and many other volunteers of non-German background were believers in the German cause.
Related pages
Paul Hausser
References
SS
Erlangen-Höchstadt

Erlangen-Hochstadt (German: Landkreis Erlangen-Hochstadt, East Franconian: Landgrais Erlang-Heegschdodd) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany.
The main river is the Regnitz, which runs through the city of Erlangen.
Towns and municipalities
References
Help! The Doctor Is Drowning

Help! The Doctor Is Drowning () is a 1974 Dutch comedy movie directed by Nikolai van der Heyde and starring Jules Croiset, Martine Bijl, Willeke van Ammelrooy, Ward de Ravet, Fanny Winkler, Frans Mulder.
Other websites
1974 comedy movies
Dutch comedy movies
Movies directed by Nikolai van der Heyde
Conrotatory and disrotatory

These terms describe two classes of an electrocyclic reaction (a type of organic chemical reactions). In a conrotatory mode, the substituents located at the ends of a conjugated double bond system move in the same (clockwise or counterclockwise) direction during ring opening or ring closure. In a disrotatory mode, they move in opposite directions.
An example is the conversion of trans-cis-trans-2,4,6-octatriene to cis-dimethylcyclohexadiene (top of figure). The orbital mechanics of the reaction needs a disrotatory mode. The orbital symmetry of the octatriene's highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) requires for the end pi orbitals to move in opposite directions to form the correct symmetry found in the sigma bond.
Thermal rearrangements of all conjugated systems containing 4n + 2 pi electron are stereospecific. This is based on preservation of orbital symmetry in the highest occupied molecular orbital. Systems containing 4n pi electrons show the opposite conrotatory mode. This is also true for rearrangements of 4n + 2 pi (where n is a whole number) electrons driven by light (photoinduced). Photoinduced rearrangements of 4n pi electron systems (where the number of electrons is divisible by 4) follow the disrotatory rule.
The Woodward-Hoffmann rules summarize the above different reactions.
The following picture also shows the difference between conrotatory and disrotatory reactions:
References
Carey, Francis A.; Sundberg, Richard J.; (1984). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A Structure and Mechanisms (2nd ed.). New York N.Y.: Plenum Press. .
March Jerry; (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry reactions, mechanisms and structure (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc.
Chemical reactions
Calamus, Iowa

Calamus is a city of Clinton County in the state of Iowa, United States. Nearly 400 people were living in Calamus as of 2000.
Cities in Iowa
Plainville, Massachusetts

Plainville is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population at the 2010 census was 8,264. Plainville is part of the Boston and Providence metropolitan areas.
References
Towns in Massachusetts
Tent city

A tent city is used to describe a variety of temporary housing facilities made using tents. Informal tent cities may be set up without authorization by homeless people or protesters. As well, state governments or military organizations set up tent cities to house refugees, evacuees, or soldiers. Tent cities set up by homeless people may be similar to shanty towns, which are informal settlements in which the buildings are made from of scrap building materials.
Environmental disasters and homeless people
Since Hurricane Katrina made landfall in August of 2005, the term has been used to describe temporary housing sites set up for Gulf Coast residents who were left homeless by the storm. Some of the tents that were built by Seabees and funded by FEMA are wooden structures covered by tents. With the exception of indoor plumbing, most of the tents have heat, air, and lights. The tent city can hold as many as 250 occupants. Displaced residents are only expected to stay for three to six months. In late December 2006, the St. Vincent de Paul Society in Saint Petersburg, Florida established an encampment on their property when dozens of homeless moved off of public land across the street from the society. In early January 2007, city officials noted city codes that prohibit living in tents and gave the society one week to evict the occupants of the tent city.
For travelers on The Hajj to Mecca
Every year, the Saudi Arabian government's Ministry of Hajj sets up a tent city to support Muslim pilgrims in the village of Mina, where the ritual Stoning of the Devil takes place as part of the overall Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. A tent city is also established annually at Mount Arafat, another essential stop during the Hajj . Because up to four million pilgrims may be performing the Hajj annually, the tent cities are densely inhabited with 20-40 people per tent. As such, fire and disease outbreaks are constant concerns. Since the late 1990s, Saudi authorities have started using fireproof tents to reduce the risks of a major fire.
Military uses
In the military, the term "tent city" usually refers to temporary living quarters erected on deployed military bases, such as those found in Bosnia or Iraq. Depending on the branch of service and the length the tent city has been in place, the living space may have most modern amenities. For sanitary reasons, military tent cities place toilet, shower, and laundry facilities at least 50 feet (15m) from living quarters. Also, tents are typically divided into clusters of 8-10 to prevent the rapid spread of fire, which is of utmost concern because of the tent and bedding materials.
References
Accommodations
Ion Ivanovici

Ion Ivanovici (alternatively, Iosif Ivanovici, Josef Ivanovici, baptised as Jovan Ivanovic) (born 1845 in Timisoara, died 28 September 1902 in Bucharest) was a Romanian military band leader and composer.
Today Ivanovici is especially remembered for his waltz The Waves of the Danube, Donauwellen in German, in his lifetime he composed over 350 dances, and his works were published by over sixty publishing houses throughout the world. In 1889, Ivanovici won the much-desired march prize to mark the World Exhibition in Paris, out of 116 entries.
Ivanovici's Dabube Waves was first published in the U.S. in 1896, and republished in 1903, by the Theodore Lohr Company in an arrangement for piano by Simon Adler. The published version was called "Waves of the Danube". The composition is most commonly known as "Danube Waves Waltz".
Other works
Erzherzog Carl Ludwig March, Op. 129
La Serenade
The Daughter of the Boatman, or Schiffers Tochterlein (La Fille du Marin)
Seufzer Waltz (Sigh Waltz)
Sinaia Waltz
Szerenade Zigeuneren (Gypsy Serenade)
Carmen Sylva Waltz from 1892
Mariana Polka
Romania's Heart Waltz, Op. 51
Incognito Waltz
Abschied van Focsani March (Farewell to Focsani March)
Vision de l'Orient Waltz (Vision of the East), Op. 147
Meteor Waltz
Im Mondemglanz Waltz (Moonglow Waltz), Op. 122
Magic of the Mountains Waltz
Liebes Klange Polka (Love of Music Polka)
Storm Galopp
Wild Flowers Waltz
Abendtraume Polka-Mazurka (Evening Dream Polka-Mazurka)
Agatha Waltz
Der Liebesbote Waltz (Messenger of Love Waltz), Op. 136
Easy, like a Dream, also known as Legere, comme un reve in French and Leicht, wie der Traum in German
Poker Polka, Op. 123
Am Hofe der Czarin Waltz (In the Courts of the Princess Waltz), Op. 124
Die Ballkonigin Waltz (King of the Ball Waltz), Op. 127
Goldene Stunden Waltz (Golden Hours Waltz), Op. 128 from 1893
Celine Polka-Mazurka, Op. 130
Natalia Waltz, Op. 134
Beim Pfanderspiel Polka, Op. 137
Bluthenzauber Waltz, Op. 149
Lieb' um Liebe Waltz (Love for Love Waltz), Op. 155
Alina Waltz
Amalia Waltz
Life in Cyprus
Souvenir de Braila Quadrille
Aurel Waltz
Cleopatra Waltz
Elena Polka-Mazurka
Farmecul Pelesului
Fata pescarului
Frumoasa romanca Waltz
Frumosii ochi albastri Song
Hora micilor dorobanti
Herzliebchen Waltz
Kalinderu March
La balul curtii Mazurka
Luceafarul Waltz
Military March
Marsul Carol
L'Odalisque Polka-Mazurka
Pe Dunare Mazurka
Placerea balului Mazurka
Porumbeii albi
Die Konigin des Morgens
Rosina Polka from 1902
Sarba motilor
Suvenire Quadrille
Maus Polka
Tatiana Waltz
Roses from the Orient Waltz
Viata la Bucuresti Waltz
Visuri de aur Waltz
Zana Dunarii
Anniversary Waltz
Bavarian Landler
Kaiserreise or Voyage Imperial March
La Bella Roumaine Waltz from 1901
References
1845 births
1902 deaths
Romanian composers
2018 Hawaii earthquake

On May 4, 2018, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 struck Hawaii at around 12:33 p.m. local time. The earthquake's epicenter was near the south flank of Kilauea, which has been the site of seismic and volcanic activity since late April. The quake happened at the same time as the lava outbreaks at the volcano.
The earthquake left two deaths and 28 injuries.
References
2018 in Hawaii
Earthquakes in the United States
May 2018 events
2018 earthquakes
2018 in the United States
Prée-d'Anjou

Pree-d'Anjou is a commune of 1,421 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2018 and consists of the former communes of Laigne (the seat) and Ampoigne.
References
2018 establishments in France
Communes in Mayenne
Entrance of the Gladiators

Entrance of the Gladiators op. 68 or Entry of the Gladiators is a march that is mainly used in circuses. It was composed by Julius Fucik. He wrote the march on October 17, 1897 in Sarajevo.
The march receives the occasional concert hall performance, such as at the 2007 Last Night of the Proms. The phrase "entry of the gladiators" is known in two descriptions of Pompeii in 1877 and is probably older.
Related pages
Ascalabos
List of prehistoric bony fish genera
Telescopefish
Evolution of fish
Freshwater fish
References
"Entry of the Gladiators". J. W. Pepper. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
Edward Seckerson (2007-09-11). "Last Night of the Proms, Royal Albert Hall, London". The Independent. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
Other websites
Entrance of the Gladiators on English Wikipedia
Entrance of the Gladiators: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Czech music
The Boss (roller coaster)

The Boss is a wooden roller coaster. It is at Six Flags St. Louis in Eureka, Missouri. It has a lift of and a first drop of . It also has four drops of 150', 112', 103' and 72'. The ride also has a 570 degree helix. The Boss opened in 2000. It is known for its "terrain twister" style, going up and down with the ground beneath it.
In 2009, the coaster got spare coaster trains from a sister coaster called Twisted Twins. It was at Kentucky Kingdom (then known as Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom). They gave up the train cars after shutting down the coaster's section of the park.
References
Other websites
The Boss at Six Flags St. Louis Official Page
Wooden roller coasters
Roller coasters by name
Kamalesh Sharma

Kamalesh Sharma, GCVO (born 30 September 1941) is an Indian diplomat. He was the 5th Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008 to 2016. He served as the High Commissioner for India in London.
References
1941 births
Living people
Indian diplomats
Commonwealth Secretaries-General
Kem Ley

Kem Ley (; 19 October 1970 - 10 July 2016) was a Cambodian activist, physician, and political commentator. He was known for his political commentary, including trenchant criticisms of the government led by Cambodian People's Party (CPP).
Ley was shot on the morning of 10 July 2016 in a cafe at a gas station in Phnom Penh.
References
1970 births
2016 deaths
Cambodian people
Assassinated people
Human rights activists
Physicians
Deaths by firearm
Murder victims
Hovmantorp

Hovmantorp is a locality in Lessebo Municipality in Kronoberg County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,991 people lived in the locality.
References
Settlements in Kronoberg County
Avinyó

Avinyo is a municipality in the comarca of Bages, Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.
Municipalities in Catalonia
Tulsidas

Tulsidas (1541-1623) was an Indian writer. He wrote many books which are manifestations of Sanatan dharma and Indian ideology. His most famous book is the Ramcharitmanas. This book was written in a language called Awadhi, a dialect of Hindi. The book tells the story of Lord Rama and his war and victory over Ravan, the king of Lanka. Rama fought for his wife Sita and brought her back from Lanka to Ayodhya.
Another book written by Tulsidas is Kavitavali.
Tulsidas was born in Rajapur, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, in Samvat 1589 or 1532 A.D. He was a Sarayuparina Brahmin by birth and is regarded as an incarnation of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana. His father's name was Atmaram Dubey and his mother's name Hulsi. Tulsidas conceived of god in the form of Rama. Tulsidas's composition 'Ramcharitmanas.' written in Awadhi is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work. His devotion to the literary world is very important. He founded the Sankatmochan Temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman in Varanasi.
Tulsidas wrote several books which is famous among Indians and throughout the World.
1543 births
1623 deaths
Indian writers
People from Uttar Pradesh
Florent Malouda

Florent Malouda (born 13 June 1980) is a French football player. He plays for Chelsea and France national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Chateauroux||Division 2||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1997/98||Division 1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Division 2||28||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||3
|-
|1999/00||28||2||3||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|En Avant Guingamp||rowspan="2"|Division 1||23||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||1
|-
|2001/02||32||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||5
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||37||10||2||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||39||12
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|Olympique Lyonnais||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||35||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0||46||4
|-
|2004/05||37||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||3||47||8
|-
|2005/06||31||6||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0||41||6
|-
|2006/07||35||10||3||1||colspan="2"|-||7||2||45||13
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||21||2||2||0||3||0||11||1||37||3
|-
|2008/09||31||6||4||1||2||1||10||1||47||9
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
289||45||14||6||colspan="2"|-||36||5||339||56
52||8||6||1||5||1||21||2||84||12
341||53||20||7||5||1||57||7||423||68
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||8||1
|-
|2006||16||2
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||6||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||50||3
|}
References
1979 births
Living people
French footballers
Paget Brewster

Paget Valerie Brewster (; born March 10, 1969) is an American voice actress and singer. She was first known for her role as Kathy on the fourth season of the NBC sitcom Friends. Her best known role came as Special Agent Emily Prentiss on the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds.
Television
References
Other websites
1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Singers from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Unity Technologies

Unity Software Inc. is an American video game software development company based in San Francisco. It was founded in Denmark in 2004 as Over the Edge Entertainment and changed its name in 2007.
Companies based in San Francisco
American video game companies
Sulfur trioxide

Sulfur trioxide (sometimes spelled sulphur trioxide) is a chemical substance made of 1 sulfur and 3 oxygen atoms (SO3). It is very toxic and irritating. It can dissolve violently in water to make sulfuric acid. It is made by oxidation of sulfur dioxide. It contains sulfur in its +6 oxidation state.
In popular culture
Sulfur trioxide is mentioned in the Emergency! episode "The Old Engine Cram".
Sulfur compounds
Oxides
Chomérac

Chomerac is a commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France. It is 8 km (5 miles) from Ardeche's capital Privas at the centre of the Ardeche.
Communes in Ardeche
Callirhytis seminator

Callirhytis seminator, the wool sower gall wasp, is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It is named after the puffy, white gall it makes on trees.
The adult wasps are about 1/8" in long. They are dark brown in color. The larvae (grubs) are white and fat and have no legs.
The wasps only lay eggs on white oak trees and only in the spring. They lay the egg in a gall, a round, white structure. It later changes color. The larvae live and grow inside the gall. People who open up the galls to look at them see things that look like seeds. They are not seeds. They are hard plant material. They protect the larvae.
Gall wasps have a two-generation system. This means that one set of parents makes children that look different from themselves. Then those children make children that look like the parents. That means grandparents and grandchildren look like each other, but parents and children do not. Among gall wasps, one generation makes stem galls, and second makes leaf galls. Scientists do not know what the alternate wool sower wasp gall looks like.
The wasps do not sting humans. They do not hurt the white oak trees.
References
Wasps
João Castelo

Joao Castelo Ribeiro Goncalves (October 19, 1937 - December 11, 2016) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. Castelo served as Governor of Maranhao from March 15, 1979, to May 15, 1982. He was born in Caxias, Maranhao, Brazil.
Castelo died in Sao Paulo, Brazil on December 11, 2016 after complications from a surgery. He was aged 79.
References
1937 births
2016 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian lawyers
Maranhao
Deaths from surgical complications