pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Naked and the Dead

The Naked and the Dead is a novel written by an American author named Norman Mailer. It was published in 1948. The novel was based on Mailer's experience as a cook while he was stationed in the Philippines. It is about the experiences about one platoon during World War II as they fight in the South Pacific.
It became very popular. It was turned into a film in 1958.
Plot
The story takes place on the fictional island of Anopopei in the South Pacific and is about American soldiers trying to drive off the Japanese so that they can advance into the Philippines.
Part 1- Wave
Staff Sergeant Sam Croft, Woodrow Wilson, and Roy Gallagher are playing cards the night before a scheduled attack. They are members of a recon platoon fighting on Anopopei. The next morning, as the platoon takes boats to the island, they are nervous. Sgt. William Brown and Cpl. Stanley talk about women and the other men in their squad. The assault begins, and as the platoon waits for their turn to come to the island, they nervously joke among themselves. Once the squad reaches the beach, they dig foxholes. Stanley picks a fight with Oscar Ridges and Red Valsen, but ultimately Red knows the time is not right for a fight, and he backs down. Croft leaves to find his commanding officer. Once they've begun to settle in on the beach, the Japanese attack. The squad splits up. Cpl. Toglio, Hennessey, and Ridges have completed their foxholes, so they stay on the beach. Brown, Gallagher, Wilson, Red, Stanley, and Sgt. Julio Martinez run after Croft. As the beach is shelled, Hennessey panics and soils himself. He runs down the beach to try to clean his pants, but he is killed.
Part 2- Argil and Mold
Croft pleads with higher officers to give him more men to replace those lost. He ultimately earns an extra replacement man, bringing the squad up to fourteen. Roth and Goldstein, two of the new men in the platoon, become friends because they are both Jewish.
Part 3- Plant and Phantom
Part 4- Wake
Characters
Hennessey is a newer member of the platoon. He is very cautious as to not get killed. When they arrive at the beach of Anopopei, he defecates in his pants out of fear. He has a mental breakdown and runs down the beach in hopes of getting new pants. He is killed soon after by shrapnel from an exploding mortar shell.
Writing
"Fug"
The publisher would not let the word "fuck" be in the novel, so Mailer used the word "fug" to replace it.
References
1948 books
Hudson, Wisconsin

Hudson is a city in and the county seat of St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2010 United States census, its population was 12,719. It is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Hudson is bordered on the north by the village of North Hudson and the Willow River. On the North and East is the township of Hudson. To the south is the township of Troy. It is bounded on the west by the St. Croix River.
History
Hudson was settled in the summer of 1840 by Louis Massey and his brother in-law, Peter Bouchea. William Steets arrived at about the same time. Later that same year, Joseph Sauperson (commonly known as Joe LaGrue) moved there. These four are considered Hudson's original inhabitants. Massey and Bouchea settled at the mouth of the Willow River, near the present-day First and St. Croix Streets. They had been part of the group who lived for some time along the river below Fort Snelling. This appears on some old maps as "Massey's Landing". The 1840s saw a few settlers arriving here -- Captain John Page, the Nobles brothers, Dr. Philip Aldrich, Ammah Andrews, Moses Perrin, Colonel James Hughes, Daniel Anderson, and others.
Hudson was originally called "Willow River". It was later named "Buena Vista" by Judge Joel Foster, founder of River Falls. This was after he returned from the Mexican-American War where he fought in the Battle of Buena Vista. In 1852, Alfred D. Gray, Hudson's first mayor, petitioned to change the name of the city to "Hudson", because the bluffs along the St. Croix River reminded him of the Hudson River in his native New York.
A large number of settlers arrived in the 1850s and 1860s. Many of were the ancestors of today's residents. The lumber industry was the prime attraction of the area. Over time sawmills were started throughout the St. Croix Valley.
On August 30, 1917 a violent mob of 1,000 held a night rally in front of the armory. They were protesting the attempt by the pacifist People's Council of America to hold a conference in Hudson's prizefighting arena. The crowd then went after the four wiktorganizers in the lobby of their hotel and threatened to hang them. Only after the pleadings of county attorney N. O. Varnum were the four allowed to leave town.
U.S. Highway 12 once crossed the St. Croix River on a toll bridge between Wisconsin and Minnesota, which provided revenue for the town. With the construction of Interstate 94, the toll bridge was removed. The long causeway extending to the former bridge location is now open to the public as a pedestrian walkway.
Hudson has grown as a tourist destination in recent years. There are shops and restaurants on the St. Croix river in its historic downtown, along with hotels and other businesses that serve traffic on Interstate Highway 94.
References
County seats in Wisconsin
1840 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Wisconsin Territory
Tabuaeran

Tabuaeran is one of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It is an atoll. Tabueran is part of Kiribati. The highest point on the island is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.
Tabuaeran is the name in Gilbertese language. The island is also called Fanning Island or Fanning Atoll in English.
Other websites
Map of Tabuaeran
Fanning Island on Jane Resture's Oceania Home Page A strong resource including geography, history, photos, and links.
Fanning-Island.com
Ancient Polynesian remains
Atoll Institute, proposed Field Station
Edmund Fanning in Explorers of the Pacific by Buck (eText)
Pacific islands
Atolls
Islands of Kiribati
Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale

Prince Henri of Orleans, Duke of Aumale (Henri Eugene Philippe Louis; 16 January 1822 - 7 May 1897) was a leader of the Orleanists, a political faction in 19th century France associated with constitutional monarchy. He was born in Paris, the fifth son of King Louis Philippe I. He used the title Duke of Aumale. He retired from public life in 1883. He was also a member of the Academie francaise.
Inheritance
At age of 8, he inherited a fortune of 66 million livres (approximately PS200 million today). At the age of seventeen he entered the army with the rank of a captain of infantry.
Marriage and children
On November 25, 1844, he married Princess Carolina Augusta of the Two Sicilies, daughter of the Leopold of the Two Sicilies, "Prince of Salerno" and his wife Maria Clementina of Austria, in Naples. The couple had several children, two of whom reached adulthood.
Louis Philippe Marie Leopold d'Orleans, Prince of Conde (15 November 1845 - 24 May 1866) died unmarried and childless.
Henri Leopold Philippe Marie d'Orleans, Duke of Guise (11 September 1847 - 10 October 1847) died in infancy.
Francois Paul d'Orleans, Duke of Guise (11 January 1852 - 15 April 1852) died in infancy.
Francois Louis Philippe Marie d'Orleans, Duke of Guise (5 January 1854 - 25 July 1872) died unmarried.
Stillborn son (15 June 1861).
Later life and death
By his will of the June 3, 1884, Henri bequeathed his Chantilly estate to the Institute of France. This included the Chateau de Chantilly, with all the art he had collected there. The chateau became a museum. This generosity led the government to withdraw the decree of exile and the duke returned to France in 1889. He died in Lo Zucco, Sicily. He was buried in Dreux, in the chapel of the House of Orleans.
Titles
16 January 1822 - 13 August 1830 His Serene Highness The Duke of Aumale.
13 August 1830 - 7 May 1897 His Royal Highness The Duke of Aumale.
Notes
Other websites
1822 births
1897 deaths
People from Paris
House of Orleans
Members of the Academie francaise
Liquid scintillation counting

Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique. It is used to measure radiation from beta (alpha) - emitting nuclides. It can also detect the auger electrons emitted from Chromium-51 (51Cr) and Iodine-125 (125I) samples. Samples of nuclides are dissolved or suspended in a "cocktail". The "cocktail" is containing an aromatic solvent and small amounts of other additives known as fluors. Beta (alpha) particles emitted from the sample transfer energy to the solvent molecules. The molecules in turn transfer their energy to the fluors. The excited fluor molecules dissipate the energy by emitting light. Scintillation cocktails often contain additives that shift the wavelength of the emitted light. It makes it more easily detected.
The samples are placed in small transparent (often glass or plastic) vials. They are loaded into a liquid scintillation counter. The counter has two photomultiplier tubes. They are connected in a coincidence circuit. The coincidence circuit assures that genuine light pulses are counted.
Counting efficiencies under ideal conditions is about 30% for tritium. Tritium is a low-energy beta emitter. It is nearly 100% for phosphorus-32 (32P). Phosphorus is a high-energy beta emitter. Some chemical compounds and highly colored samples can interfere with the counting process. This interference is known as "quenching". It can be overcome through data correction or through careful sample preparation. 32P can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the cocktail. This technique is known as Cherenkov counting. It relies on the Cherenkov radiation being detected directly by the photomultiplier tubes. Cherenkov counting in this experimental context is normally used for quick rough measurements.
Physics
Bentley BR1

The Bentley BR1 is a Britsh piston aircraft engine made by Bentley during the First World War.
Users
Avro 536
Port Victoria P.V.9
Sopwith Camel
Westland N.1B
Aircraft engines
Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool

Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (7 June 1770-4 December 1828) was an English politician and the longest serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Robert Walpole held office for longer, but only as Prime Minister of Great Britain) During his time as Prime Minister from 1812 to 1827, Liverpool became known for the harsh rules he put in place to restore order, but he also led the country through the bad period that followed the Napoleonic Wars. Important events during his time as Prime Minister included the Congress of Vienna, the Corn Laws, Catholic emancipation and the Peterloo Massacre.
Titles
Robert Jenkinson (1770 - c. 1786)
Baron Hawkesbury (c. 1786 - 1796)
Lord Hawkesbury (1796 - 1808)
2nd Earl of Liverpool (1808 - 1828)
References
1770 births
1828 deaths
British Earls
Politicians from London
Jenkinson, Robert Banks
Jenkinson, Robert Banks
List of former municipalities of Switzerland

This is a list of former municipalities of Switzerland, i.e. municipalities of Switzerland (, , , ) that no longer exist.
In 1850, Switzerland had 3203 municipalities. On 1 January 2015, the number was 2324.
List
Notes and references
West Miami, Florida

West Miami is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida
Sect Shinto

is a type of Shinto group that was legally excluded from State Shinto. Sect shinto groups have more developed belief systems than Shrine Shinto which focuses more on rituals.
Many sect shinto groups are members of the Kyoha Shinto Rengokai (Jiao Pai Shen Dao Lian He Hui , Association of Sectarian Shinto).
They were originally managed by the Bureau of Shinto Affairs which itself became a sect called Shinto Taikyo, a descendant of the Taikyo Institute
Tenrikyo used to be considered a Sect Shinto group, but is now considered another religion.
Demographics
Related pages
Ko-Shinto
Shinbutsu-shugo
Haibutsu kishaku
Annotations
Footnotes
References
Related websites
Official site of Kyoha Shinto Rengokai (in Japanese)
Shinto new religious movements
Shinto
Harv and Sfn no-target errors
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Pages with unreviewed translations
Art Agnos

Arthur Christ Agnos (born Arthouros Agnos; September 1, 1938) is an American Democratic politician. He was the 39th mayor of San Francisco, California from 1988 to 1992. He was the Regional Head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1993 to 2001.
On December 13, 1973, Agnos was shot twice in the chest at point-blank range. He said he lost a year of his life to recuperation. This was one attack of the Zebra murders and attempted murders in the city from October 1973 to April 1974.
References
1938 births
Living people
Mayors of San Francisco
American crime victims
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Politicians from Massachusetts
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Yara Shahidi

Yara Sayeh Shahidi (born February 10, 2000) is an American actress, model, and activist.
She is known for her starring role as the oldest daughter Zoey Johnson on the sitcom Black-ish (2014-present) and its spin-off series Grown-ish (2018-present).
Early life and education
Yara Sayeh Shahidi was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Keri Salter and Afshin Shahidi. Her mother, Keri Salter, is of mixed African American and Native Choctaw heritage, and her father, Afshin, is Iranian. The family moved to California for her father Afshin's work when Yara was 4 years old. She is the older sister of child actor and model Sayeed Shahidi and they have a younger brother, Ehsan. Rapper Nas is their cousin. Keri Shahidi states the name Yara means in Persian "Someone who is close to your heart", the name Sayeed means "Blessing", and Ehsan means "To act as though God is watching".
Shahidi graduated in 2017 from Dwight Global Online School. Starting in 2018, Shahidi began college at Harvard University with a plan to major in Interdisciplinary Sociology and African American Studies.
References
2000 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American activists
Models from Minnesota
American child actors
Actors from Minneapolis
African American actors
Harvard University alumni
2010 US Open – Women's Singles

Kim Clijsters was the defending champion, and successfully defended her 2009 title, after she won 6-2, 6-1, against Vera Zvonareva in the final.
Seeds
Caroline Wozniacki (Semifinals)
Kim Clijsters (Champion)
Venus Williams (Semifinals)
Jelena Jankovic (Third Round)
Samantha Stosur (Quarterfinals)
Francesca Schiavone (Quarterfinals)
Vera Zvonareva (Final)
Li Na (First Round)
Agnieszka Radwanska (Second Round)
Victoria Azarenka (Second Round, retired due to concussion)
Svetlana Kuznetsova (Fourth Round)
Elena Dementieva (Fourth Round)
Marion Bartoli (Second Round)
Maria Sharapova (Fourth Round)
Yanina Wickmayer (Fourth Round)
Shahar Pe'er (Fourth Round)
<li> Nadia Petrova (First Round)
<li> Aravane Rezai (Second Round)
<li> Flavia Pennetta (Third Round)
<li> Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (Fourth Round)
<li> Zheng Jie (Second Round)
<li> Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez (Second Round)
<li> Maria Kirilenko (Third Round)
<li> Daniela Hantuchova (Third Round)
<li> Alexandra Dulgheru (Third Round)
<li> Lucie Safarova (First Round)
<li> Petra Kvitova (Third Round)
<li> Alisa Kleybanova (Second Round)
<li> Alona Bondarenko (Third Round)
<li> Yaroslava Shvedova (First Round)
<li> Kaia Kanepi (Quarterfinals)
<li> Tsvetana Pironkova (Second Round)
Main draw
Finals
Top Half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom Half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Qualifying draw
Akgul Amanmuradova
Maria Elena Camerin
Lourdes Dominguez Lino
Irina Falconi
Zuzana Kucova
Michelle Larcher de Brito
Nuria Llagostera Vives
Mirjana Lucic
Rebecca Marino
Mandy Minella
Sania Mirza
Monica Niculescu
Zuzana Ondraskova
Tamira Paszek
Sally Peers
Olga Savchuk
Other websites
Official site of US Open
Women's Singles
Prählamäe

Prahlamae is a village in Puhalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.
Villages in Hiiu County
Bonneil

Bonneil is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Dion Dublin

Dion Dublin is an English former footballer. He has played for England national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1987-88||Norwich City||First Division||0||0
|-
|1988-89||rowspan="4"|Cambridge United||rowspan="2"|Fourth Division||21||6
|-
|1989-90||46||15
|-
|1990-91||Third Division||46||16
|-
|1991-92||Second Division||43||15
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||7||1
|-
|1993-94||5||1
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="5"|Coventry City||rowspan="5"|Premier League||31||13
|-
|1995-96||34||14
|-
|1996-97||34||13
|-
|1997-98||36||18
|-
|1998-99||10||3
|-
|1998-99||rowspan="4"|Aston Villa||rowspan="4"|Premier League||24||11
|-
|1999-00||26||12
|-
|2000-01||33||8
|-
|2001-02||21||4
|-
|2001-02||Millwall||First Division||5||2
|-
|2002-03||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||28||10
|-
|2003-04||23||3
|-
|2004-05||rowspan="2"|Leicester City||rowspan="2"|Championship||37||5
|-
|2005-06||21||0
|-
|2005-06||Celtic||Premier League||11||1
|-
|2006-07||rowspan="2"|Norwich City||rowspan="2"|Championship||33||5
|-
|2007-08||37||7
601||182
11||1
612||183
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}
References
1969 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from Leicester
Premier League players
Krotz Springs, Louisiana

Krotz Springs is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Towns in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
Jerauld County, South Dakota

Jerauld County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,071 people lived there. Its county seat is Wessington Springs.
References
1883 establishments in Dakota Territory
South Dakota counties
2019 college admissions bribery scandal

The 2019 college admissions bribery scandal was a conspiracy for influencing undergraduate admissions decisions at several American top universities. The investigation into the conspiracy was called Operation Varsity Blues (it was named after the movie Varsity Blues).
The Federal Bureau of Investigation said that starting in 2011, at least 51 parents of high school school students conspired to use bribery and other forms of fraud to illegally have their children admitted to top universities and colleges. The case is the largest of its kind to be prosecuted by the US Justice Department.
References
2019 crimes in the United States
Scandals
Pinch hitter

In baseball, a pinch hitter is a batter in place of another batter. Batters can be substituted at any time while there is not an active play. The manager may use any player who has not entered the game. Unlike basketball, American football, or ice hockey, baseball does not have a "free substitution rule". The player replaced by the pinch hitter is never allowed back into that game. The pinch hitter takes the spot in the batting order of the player that he replaces.
The player chosen to be a pinch hitter is often a backup infielder or outfielder. Catchers are not usually pinch hitters because most teams only have two catchers. Pitchers are also not used very often as pinch hitters because they are not very good hitters.
The American League of Major League Baseball, the Pacific League in Japan, the KBO League in Korea, and other leagues use the designated hitter rule. The designated hitter bats for the pitcher but does not play defense.
Baseball rules
Baseball positions
Gutland

The Gutland (Luxembourgish: Guttland) is the middle and the south of Luxembourg. It is about two-thirds of the country. About 90 percent of the people in Luxembourg live here (about 540,000 people).
The Gutland has low hills with an altitude of 200 to 300 meters.
The Gutland used to be Grevenmacher and Luxembourg Districts, and also the very southern parts of the Diekirch District.
Related pages
Oesling is the north of Luxembourg.
Geography of Luxembourg
Perry King

Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He was born in Alliance, Ohio. King played the role of Cody Allen on the detective series Riptide from 1984 to 1986.
References
Other websites
1948 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Ohio
Ailly, Eure

Ailly is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Eure department in northwest France.
References
Communes in Eure
Min Bahadur Sherchan

Min Bahadur Sherchan (20 June 1931 - 6 May 2017) was a Nepalese mountaineer and former British Gurkha soldier. In 2008, the 76 year old became the oldest climber to summit Mount Everest. He lost the record five years later to 80 year old Japanese mountaineer Yuichiro Miura.
Sherchan died of a suspected heart attack at Everest Base Camp on 6 May 2017 while trying to reclaim his title at the age of 85.
References
1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mountain climbers
Jaden Smith

Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American actor and rapper. He is the son of actors Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. He is also the older brother of singer Willow Smith and younger half-brother of Trey Smith. His first movie role was in the 2006 movie The Pursuit of Happyness. He has also appeared in The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008) and The Karate Kid (2010).
He has received many awards, including a Teen Choice Award, an MTV Movie Award, a BET Award and a Young Artist Award. In 2022, Smith was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year as a featured artist on Justin Bieber's album Justice.
References
1998 births
Living people
21st-century American actors
21st-century American rappers
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Malibu, California
American child actors
American dancers
American movie actors
American television actors
Rappers from Los Angeles
Rotonda West, Florida

Rotonda West is a place in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 6,574 at the 2000 census.
Census-designated places in Florida
Joe Medicine Crow

Joseph Medicine Crow-High Bird (October 27, 1913 - April 3, 2016) was a Crow historian and author. He was also an enrolled member of the Crow Nation of Native Americans.
His writings on Native American history and reservation culture are thought to be his best known works, but he was best known for his writings and lectures about the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He was a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Bronze Star Medal, and the Legion d'honneur.
He was a founding member of the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders & Youth. He turned 100 in October 2013. He died in Billings, Montana on April 3, 2016 at the age of 102.
References
1913 births
2016 deaths
American centenarians
American military personnel of World War II
Native American people
Writers from Montana
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Military people from Montana
Barnstaple

Barnstaple is a town in Devon, a county in South West England. 20,724 people live there. It is found west southwest of Bristol, north of Plymouth and northwest of the county town of Exeter.
References
Other websites
Barnstaple Town Council and Town Centre Management
North Devon District Council
Barnstaple Webcam (from Civic Centre)
Barnstaple's History
Museum of Barnstaple & North Devon
State of Devon's economy 2006
Pannier Market's History
Towns in Devon
Abd Allah ibn Saba

Abd Allah ibn Saba () was an Arab Jewish religious leader in the 7th-century. His followers were known as Saba'iyya.
Ghulat career
Abd Allah ibn Saba is considered the first ghulat (extremist). He was the first one to declare faith in the Imamate of Ali. After Ali's death, he is said to maintain this idea that "a devil in 'Ali's appearance had been murdered" and 'Ali had ascended to heaven and that his occultation (raj'a) was imminent. Saba probably invented the concept of ghayba and return.
Heinz Halm records him as a representative of a Ghulat group from the city of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (al-Mada'in) who came to see 'Ali in Kufah. When Saba proclaimed divinity, then 'Ali denied this angrily and exiled him back to Seleucia-Ctesiphon.
Roles in Uthman's assassination
Tabari and Sayf ibn Umar record Abd Allah ibn Saba from playing any major role in the political events that led to Uthman's killing. He and his followers are said to be the ones who enticed the Egyptians against Uthman on the ground of Ali's special right of succession, and participated in further instigation at later conflicts.
Legacy
There is a favorable Shia quote that formed around the figure of Abdullah ibn Saba. The story of Saba has also been used by Shia factions to both attack and defend extreme Shia groups. In an non-authentic Shia source, Abd Allah ibn Saba was cursed by Ja'far al-Sadiq.
Criticism
Jews view Saba negatively and historical Jewish sources regarded him as an apostate from Judaism. Sunni Muslims view Saba as a ghulat seeking to corrupt the message of Islam from by introducing proto-Shia beliefs. Since Saba used to hate Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, Sunni Muslims view him negatively and curse him. Sa'd ibn Abdullah al-Ash'ari al-Qummi reported in al-Maqaalaat wal-Firaq p. 20:
Notes
References
Other websites
The relationship between Jews and baatini (esoteric) sects (from a Sunni perspective)
7th-century deaths
7th-century births
Islamic religious leaders
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina

The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court. They cover the state of South Carolina.
Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.
Other websites
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina Official Website
United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina Official Website
Organizations based in South Carolina
Federal judiciary of the United States
Scheunen

Scheunen was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Scheunen and Munchringen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.
Former municipalities of Bern
Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics is the part of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom. Everything on the earth is made up of atoms; they are the smallest part of a chemical element that still has the properties of that specific element. When two or more atoms combine they create what we know as the molecule, which is the smallest part of a chemical compound which still has the properties of that specific compound. Understanding the structure of atoms is key in studies such as physics, chemistry, biology, etc.
Atoms
Structure
Atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. The protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus. The protons and neutrons are the heaviest part of the atom and make up most of its mass. The electrons move around the nucleus very quickly, making what is called an electron cloud. The electron cloud has a very small mass, but it makes up most of the space of the atom. The electrons have a negative charge, and the protons have a positive charge. Due to the charges in the atom, that is how the atom stays together, by attraction of the electric charges present in the atom.
Properties
Atoms have different features that single out one atom from another, and show how each atom can change in different conditions. These properties include atomic number, mass number, atomic mass and weight, and isotopes.
Forces acting
In an atom there are three fundamental forces that keep atoms together. electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. The electromagnetic force keeps the electrons attached to the atom. The strong nuclear force keeps the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak nuclear force controls how the atom decays.
Quantum
In the early 20th century, scientists had trouble explaining the behavior of atoms using their current knowledge of matter. So to deal with this they made a brand new way to view matter and energy, and they called it quantum theory. Quantum theory explains how matter acts both as a particle and a wave.
Radiation
Atoms emit radiation when their electrons lose energy and drop down to lower orbitals. The difference in energy between the orbitals determines the wavelength of the given radiation. This radiation can be shown by visible light or shorter wavelengths.
Nuclear energy
Just Married

Just Married is a 2003 American romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Shawn Levy and was produced by Robert Simonds and Lauren Shuler Donner. Just Married was released on January 10, 2003.
The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 19% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. At the 2004 Golden Raspberry Awards, Ashton Kutcher was nominated for Worst Actor, Brittany Murphy was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress and both Kutcher and Murphy were nominated for Worst Screen Couple. They did not win any of the awards they were nominated for.
Cast
Ashton Kutcher as Tom Leezak
Brittany Murphy as Sarah Leezak
Christian Kane as Peter Prentiss
David Moscow as Kyle
Monet Mazur as Lauren
David Rasche as Mr. Dan McNerney
Veronica Cartwright as Mrs. McNerney aka Pussy
Thad Luckinbill as Willie McNerney
David Agranov as Paul McNerney
Taran Killam as Dickie McNerney
Raymond J. Barry as Mr. Leezak
Valeria Andrews as Wendy
Karen Strassman as Other voices
References
Other websites
2003 romantic comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American romantic comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
2000s English-language movies
French-language movies
German-language movies
Italian-language movies
Movies set in Venice
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in the 1990s
Movies directed by Shawn Levy
Kilimanjaro Region

Kilimanjaro Region is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. The regional capital is Moshi. According to the 2012 national census, 1,640,087 people lived there.
Geography of Tanzania
Here Comes the Dawn

Here Comes the Down is a 1998 Georgian drama movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Zura Begalishvili, Nino Koberidze. It was distributed Qartuli Pilmi.
Other websites
1998 drama movies
Georgian movies
Movies directed by Zaza Urushadze
Zurvan

Zervan (or Zervan ) is the creator god of , a form of Zoroastrianism . He is a personification of time and eternity.
He is the father of Ahura Mazda and his enemy Angra Mainyu .
His name comes from the Middle Persian term zurwan ("Time"), which derives from the Avestan zruva ("Time").
Words carved in stone that include the letters zrw(n) and zraovo were discovered. These words make people think that in Sogdiana and Bactria, Zurvan was worshipped like a main god.
In the third century, his name was used by the Manichaeans, for the father of greatness
Sources
L. Brisson: The figure of Chronos in Orphic theogony. In: D. Tiffeneau (Hrsg. ): Myths and representations of time. 1985, S.37-55
Richard L. Gordon: Zurvan . In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Band 12, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002,, Sp. 849 f.
S. Shaked: The Myth of Zurvan. In: I. Gruenewald ua (hrsg. ): Messiah and Christos. 1992, S.219-240
David Ulansey: Die Ursprunge des Mithraskultes. Theiss, Stuttgart 1998
Geo Widengren: Der Zervanismus. In: Iranische Geisteswelt von den Anfangen bis zum Islam. Holle, Baden-Baden 1961, (Lizenzausgabe fur den Bertelsmann Lesering) S. 77-108, insbesondere S. 83 f. ( Der Zeitgott und sein Mythos )
Robert C. Zaehner: Zurvan : a Zoroastrian dilemma. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1955
Other websites
Encyclopedia Iranica
http://www.farvardyn.com/zurvan.php Archive
Zoroastrianism
Ever Alot

Ever Alot is a container ship as of 2022 the biggest container ships worldwide by both TEU and gross tonnage. The ship was launched in June 2022. She is wide and long. The ship has a capacity of 24,004 containers (24,004 TEU). Ever Alot is operated by the Evergreen Marine Corporation. The ship sails under the flag of Panama. It is the first container ship to have a 24,000 TEU capacity. It surpassed Ever Ace, which had a capacity of 23,992 TEU.
During the first travel of the vessel, she arrived in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 12 August 2022 where she was festively welcomed with a nautical salute.
References
ships
Andreas Köpke

Andreas Kopke (born 12 March, 1962) is a German retired football player. He played for Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1979-80||rowspan="4"|Holstein Kiel||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||1||0
|-
|1980-81||5||0
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="2"|Oberliga||0||0
|-
|1982-83||0||0
|-
|1983-84||Charlottenburg Berlin||||38||0
|-
|1984-85||rowspan="2"|Hertha Berlin||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||37||0
|-
|1985-86||34||0
|-
|1986-87||rowspan="8"|Nurnberg||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||32||0
|-
|1987-88||34||0
|-
|1988-89||33||0
|-
|1989-90||31||0
|-
|1990-91||31||0
|-
|1991-92||37||0
|-
|1992-93||32||1
|-
|1993-94||34||1
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Eintracht Frankfurt||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||34||0
|-
|1995-96||32||0
|-
|1996-97||rowspan="3"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="3"|Division 1||35||0
|-
|1997-98||29||0
|-
|1998-99||4||0
|-
|1998-99||rowspan="3"|Nurnberg||Bundesliga||16||0
|-
|1999-00||rowspan="2"|2. Bundesliga||31||0
|-
|2000-01||27||0
509||2
68||0
566||2
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1990||1||0
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||6||0
|-
|1993||6||0
|-
|1994||6||0
|-
|1995||10||0
|-
|1996||13||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||11||0
|-
!Total||59||0
|}
References
1962 births
Living people
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
German association football goalkeepers
People from Kiel
Sportspeople from Schleswig-Holstein
Death of Azaria Chamberlain

Azaria Chamberlain (11 June 1980 - disappeared on 17 August 1980) was an Australian baby who was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, and went missing in 1980 near Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Australia. The family were camping in a tent at the base of the rock. Her mother, Lindy Chamberlain, said that she had been taken by a dingo and killed. Police said that Lindy Chamberlain had murdered the baby and had lied about the dingo. After a long trial which was reported around the world, Chamberlain was convicted of murder and sent to jail. Chamberlain kept arguing that she was innocent. On August 24, 1980 Wally Goodwin found Azaria's bloodstained jumpsuit, booties, nappy and singlet near the base of the Rock near a dingo's den, the case was reopened since the 1980s.
After a long legal battle which involved three inquests, three appeals and a royal commission, she was released. In 2012, a fourth inquest found that Azaria had been taken by a dingo, and the death certificate has now been changed to show this. The inquest noted that there had been other dingo attacks in the region.
Lindy Chamberlain was released from jail on February 7 1986, but not cleared until September 15 1988, at which time Lindy and Michael (her husband) were declared innocent of all charges. She and Michael were divorced on June 27 1991. She met Rick Creighton on a speaking tour of the United States in February 1992 and married him on December 20 1992.
Azaria in popular culture
The disappearance of Azaria became one of the most argued about events in Australia. Many people thought that a dingo would be unable to kill a baby. This meant that the mother must have lied. People in Australia say "a dingo stole my baby" as a joke, when they think someone is lying. After a dingo killed a nine-year-old boy on Fraser Island in 2001, people have had to rethink their beliefs about dingos.
Author John Bryson wrote a book about the case, called Evil Angels. This was later made into a movie called Evil Angels and starred Meryl Streep and Sam Neill. The movie was released in other countries as A Cry in the Dark.
In 2005, a woman called Erin Horsburgh said that she was really Azaria Chamberlain and wanted police to do a DNA test to check. But police said that the woman was lying and they did not need to check. This created interest in the media, but there was no truth to the story.
References
1980 births
1980 deaths
Australian children
Missing people
People from Queensland
Chariton County, Missouri

Chariton County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Keytesville. In 2020, 7,408 people lived there.
References
1820 establishments in Missouri Territory
Missouri counties
Herve

Herve is a municipality in the Belgian province of Liege.
In 2007, 16740 people lived there.
It is at 50deg 38 North, 05deg 47 East.
References
Municipalities of Liege
Mayfly

Mayflies are insects which belong to the Order Ephemeroptera (from the Greek ephemeros = ephemeral, or short-lived; pteron = wing). The name refers to the most distinctive features of the adults. They are in an ancient group of insects, the Palaeoptera, ('Ancient wings') with dragonflies and damselflies.
There are over 3,000 living species of mayfly, in over 400 genera in 42 families.
Egg stage
At mating the female lays her eggs in the water. They settle to the bottom where they stick to rocks, vegetation or the bottom of the stream. They range in size by the particular species of Mayfly. Depending on temperature, the eggs take from a few days to a year to develop: usually it is one to three months. During this embryonic stage the mouth, legs, tail and organs all develop.
Larva (or nymph) stage
Mayfly are insects whose aquatic larvae (called naiads or nymphs) live from several months up to a year, in freshwater. The naiads go through 20 or 30 moults as they develop.
Adult stage
Mayflies are unique in that they moult one more time after getting functional wings (this is known as the alate stage). This second-to-last winged stage is usually very short, lasting from 30 minutes to one day, depending on the species. The function of the adult imago is reproduction and dispersal; they do not eat. The stage is a favorite food of many fish, and many 'fishing flies' are modeled on them.
The hatch
It often happens that all the mayflies in a population mature at once (called the hatch). For a day or two in the Spring or Autumn (Fall), mayflies will be everywhere, dancing around each other in large groups, or resting on every available surface. The adults have various special features. Their rear wings are small or almost vestigial; the males have two long front legs for holding females, the rest have no function. Mating is usually in mid-air. The mayfly are quite a successful group. About 2,500 species are known worldwide, including about 630 species in North America. The hatch at La Crosse, Wisconsin has been a news event for several years. The hatch is so large it appears on weather radar. The emerging mayflies land on everything and cover some areas like snow.
References
Insects
Ness City, Kansas

Ness City is a city in Ness County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Ness County. In 2010, 1,449 people lived there. Ness City is famous for its four-story Old Ness County Bank Building in downtown, and nicknamed Skyscraper of the Plains.
History
Ness City was created in 1878. The town grew a lot when a railroad was built there in 1886.
Geography
Ness City is at (38.452250, -99.905989). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Weather
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,449 people, 635 households, and 392 families living in Ness City.
References
Other websites
City
City of Ness City
Ness City - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 303, local school district
Sacred Heart Catholic School , local Catholic school, grades PS-8
Maps
Ness City Map, KDOT
Cities in Ness County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Miranda (Shakespeare)

In Shakespeare's play The Tempest, Miranda is the beautiful daughter of the old Duke Prospero.
Miranda is a naive 15-year-old girl. She and her father were cast away by her uncle Antonio who wanted the throne and has been on a deserted island since she was three. Her father Prospero sends Ariel, his spirit servant, to fetch Ferdinand and arranges things so that the two will come to love one another.
Literature since 1500
English literature
Arlesey

Arlesey is a small town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England. In 2007, about 5,690 people lived in Arlesey.
References
Towns in Bedfordshire
Civil parishes in Bedfordshire
Schattenhalb

Schattenhalb is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website of Schattenhalb
Municipalities of Bern
Method of moments (statistics)

In statistics, the method of moments is a method of estimation of population parameters.
Method
Suppose that the problem is to estimate unknown parameters describing the distribution of the random variable . Suppose the first moments of the true distribution (the "population moments") can be expressed as functions of the s:
Suppose a sample of size is drawn, and it leads to the values . For , let
be the j-th sample moment, an estimate of . The method of moments estimator for denoted by is defined as the solution (if there is one) to the equations:
Reasons to use it
The method of moments is simple and gets consistent estimators (under very weak assumptions). However, these estimators are often biased.
References
Statistics
La Bayamesa

"La Bayamesa" or "El Himno de Bayamo" ("The Bayamo Song") is a Cuban pre-revolutionary song which has been the national anthem of Cuba since 1902. First performed in 1868 during the Battle of Bayamo, author and freedom fighter Perucho Figueredo who battled in Bayamo, wrote the lyrics to this song and composed the music before being executed by the Spaniards. In 1898, Cuban conductor Antonio Rodriguez-Ferrer was the anthem's musical introductory note conductor.
Lyrics
Spanish original
Only the first verse (in bold) is officially part of the anthem.
English translation
To arms, quickly, ye Bayamesans!
As the homeland looks proudly to you;
don't fear a glorious death,
for to die for the homeland is to live.
To live in shackles is to live
mired in shame and disgrace,
now hear the sound of the bugle;
Quickly, ye brave, to arms!
Fear not the vicious Iberians.
They're cowards as is every tyrant.
They cannot oppose spirited Cubans.
Their empire has forever fallen.
Free Cuba! Spain has already died,
their power and pride, where did it go?
Hear the sound of the bugle.
Run, brave ones, to battle!
Behold our triumphant troops
Behold they that have fallen.
As cowards they flee defeated:
We triumphed because of our bravery.
Free Cuba! we can shout
from the cannon's terrible boom.
Hear the sound of the bugle,
Run, brave ones, to battle!
References
1860s songs
Cuba
North American anthems
Barbara Taylor Bradford

Barbara Taylor Bradford OBE, (born 10 May 1933) is a British-American novelist. Her debut novel, A Woman of Substance, was published in 1979 and has sold over 30 million copies worldwide. It ranks as one of the top-ten bestselling novels of all-time. She was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.
References
Other websites
Barbara Taylor Bradford's blog
1933 births
Living people
British novelists
American novelists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Yorkshire
San'yōdō

is a Japanese term for both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through the region.
History
San'yodo was one of the main circuits of the Gokishichido system. It was first established during the Asuka period. Over centuries, the government functions of the Gokishichido became less important. However, the traditional eight regions, including San'yodo, remained cultural markers.
Geography
San'yodo is the southern part of southern Honshu. The region is on the Seto Inland Sea. It has includes eight ancient provinces, including
Aki
Bingo
Bitchu
Bizen
Harima
Mimasaka
Nagato
Suo
The lands of four prefectures is in the region of San'yodo: Hiroshima, Hyogo, Okayama and Yamaguchi.
The modern national highway, Route 2, the San'yo Expressway, and the San'yo Main Line of the West Japan Railway Company, follow the approximate route of the San'yodo.
Related pages
Chugoku region
Comparison of regions of Japan
References
Geography of Japan
The Guardian (TV series)

The Guardian is an American drama television series on CBS. It originally aired from September 25, 2001 to May 4, 2004.
2001 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Eduard Khil

Eduard Anatolyevich Khil (often known as Edward Hill) (4 September 1934 - 4 June 2012) was a Russian baritone singer. He is a recipient of the People's Artist Award of the Russian SFSR. He was born in Smolensk, Western Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
Khil became known to the international audience in 2010 when a 1976 recording of him singing a version of the song "I Am Glad, 'Cause I'm Finally Returning Back Home". It became an Internet meme, often referred to as "Trololo" or the "Russian Rickroll". The song is now commonly associated with Internet trolling.
Khil died in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia on 4 June 2012, from complications from a stroke, aged 77.
References
Other websites
1934 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Russian singers
Shinya Yabusaki

is a former Japanese football player.
Club statistics
|-
|1997||rowspan="6"|Kashiwa Reysol||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0||||||||||||
|-
|1999||0||0||||||||||||
|-
|2000||1||0||||||||||||
|-
|2001||0||0||||||||||||
|-
|2002||0||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
1||0||||||||||||
|}
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
1268

Events
Europe
War and politics
February 18 - The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakovor.
October 29 - Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily, a political rival and ally to the hostile Roman Catholic church.
King Stephen V of Hungary launches a war against Bulgaria.
The county of Wernigerode become a vassal state of the margrave of Brandenburg.
The House of Bourbon first rises to prominence with the marriage of Robert, Count of Clermont to King Louis IX of France's daughter, Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress to the lordship of Bourbon.
New election procedures for the election of the doge are established in Venice in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families.
Pope Clement IV dies; the following papal election fails to choose a new pope for almost three years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.
Culture
Nicola Pisano completes the famous octagonal Gothic-style pulpit at the Duomo di Siena.
The carnival in Venice is first recorded.
In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer is made compulsory.
In Slovakia, Guta was founded (currently Kolarovo).
Asia
May 18 - The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Battle of Antioch; Baibars' destruction of the city of Antioch was so great as to permanently negate the city's importance.
The Battle of Xiangyang, a six-year battle between the Chinese Song Dynasty and the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan, begins in what is today Hubei.
An earthquake in Cilicia kills about 60,000 people.
Births
Mahaut of Artois (died 1327)
Emperor Duanzong of China (died 1278)
Philip IV of France (died 1314)
Deaths
October 29 - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (executed) (born 1252)
October 29 - Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (executed) (born 1249)
November 29 - Pope Clement IV
December 9 - Vaisvilkas, Prince of Black Ruthenia
Barral of Baux, Grand Justiciar of Sicily
Henry de Bracton, English jurist
Peter II of Savoy (born 1203)
The Notebook

The Notebook is a 2004 American romantic drama movie directed by Nick Cassavetes. It was written by Jeremy Leven and Jan Sardi. It is based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Nicholas Sparks.
The movie stars Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams as a young couple who fall in love in the 1940s. The movie also stars James Garner, Gena Rowlands, James Marsden, Sam Shepard, Joan Allen and David Thornton.
The Notebook received generally mixed reviews. It has become popular after years it was released.
References
2004 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Rusena Gelanteh

Rusena Gelanteh (born 6 March 1968) is an Indonesian archer. She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
References
1968 births
Living people
Indonesian archers
Indonesian Olympians