pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
ASCII

ASCII (pronounced "az-kee", "ass-key" if American), is a table of characters for computers. It is binary code used by electronic equipment to handle text using the English alphabet, numbers, and other common symbols. ASCII is an abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
ASCII was developed in the 1960s and was based on earlier codes used by telegraph systems.
The code includes definitions for 128 characters, which are assigned numbers from 0 to 127. Numbers 32 to 126 stand for letters, numbers and symbols such as abc, ABC, 123, and ?&!. Numbers 0 to 31 and the number 127 stand for characters that control how text is processed and are not printed.
ASCII uses 7 binary digits (bits) to represent characters. The bits 1000001 (65 in normal base-10 numbers) represent the upper-case letter A, 1000010 represents B, 1000011 represents C, and so on. Using the table below, you can look up a number in the Decimal column and see the character it represents in the Char column. Programmers often use hexadecimal (base-16 numbers), and you can look that up in the Hex column.
An ASCII computer file uses one byte for each character. A byte has 8 bits, so can hold an ASCII character with one bit spare. In the past, the spare bit was sometimes used as a parity bit to help check if the data had been corrupted.
ASCII has no formatting control (for bold or Italics, etc.) Sometimes someone talks about a file or document in ASCII, meaning it is in plain text.
Standard ASCII is still commonly used, particularly in computer software and HTML files. Until 2010 it was the standard for URLs. Often a web site that has fields for entering text will only take ASCII text. Any special markups for bold or centered text, etc. will show up incorrectly.
Extended ASCII
ASCII does not have diacritics (marks that are added to a letter, like the dots (umlauts) above vowels in German, or the tilde (~) above the 'n' for the 'n' used in Spanish). It was only meant for English and doesn't work well for most other languages. Some English words borrowed from other languages use these marks as well, like resume (see Appendix:English words with diacritics).
This led to some systems using 8 bits (a full byte) instead of 7 bits. The proper name for systems that use 8 bits is called extended ASCII. Eight bits allows for 256 characters. The first 128 characters must be the same as for ASCII and the rest are usually used for alphabetic letters with accents, for example like E, E, I and U. This solves the problem for a few languages that are based on the Latin alphabet, although not all extended ASCII systems are the same. Other alphabets, like the Greek alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet need a different set of characters. And some systems like those using Chinese characters still do not work, as they use thousands of characters. So Unicode was created to have one common system for all languages.
References
Other websites
Make ASCII art Convert a graphic into ASCII
ASCII Table with explanations
Data input
Encodings
Aholming

Aholming is a municipality in the district of Deggendorf, Germany.
References
Deggendorf (district)
Shawkan

Mahmoud Abou Zeid (Arabic mHmwd 'bw zyd) or Shawkan (Arabic shwkn) is an Egyptian photojournalist. His photographs were published in many countries. He has been in prison without a trial since 2013, after he took photographs of a protest in Egypt.
Work
Many Egyptian news organizations used Shawkan's photos. Shawkan's photos were in many international newspapers and magazines, including Time magazine, The Sun, Bild (a German newspaper) and Die Zeit. In 2010, Shawkan went to work for Demotix, a photo agency in London. During the Arab Spring, Shawkan took photos of the Tahir Square protests in Cairo.
In 2013, Shawkan took photos of protests against the Egyptian president, Mohamed Morsi in Cairo. Police arrested him. Two other photographers were arrested at the same time: Louis Jammes, a French photographer and Mike Giglio, a US reporter. Jammes and Giglio are free but Shawkan is still in prison.
In March 2015, Shawkan wrote a letter about his torture in prison. Shawkan's trial was scheduled for April 23, 2016. Shawkan went to court, but the court did not free him. The trial was changed to May 5.
Art exhibits
In September 2016, Shawkan's photos were exhibited in New York at Bronx Documentary Center. His work was also shown at Photoville in New York.
The Shawkan Photo Awards
In 2015 a photojournalism prize, The Shawkan Photo Awards, was named for Shawkan. The first winner was Islam Osama, who took a photo of the death of activist Shaimaa Sabbagh.
Campaign for freedom
Shawkan was arrested on August 14, 2013 during protests against the government. More than 1000 people were killed and many protesters were arrested. Two other journalists were arrested at the same time, one from France and one from the United States. The foreign journalists were freed quickly, but Shawkan was charged with weapons possession, illegal assembly, murder and attempted murder. One of the other journalists, Mike Giglio, said Shawkan only had a camera.
Many organizations want freedom for Shawkan. The Committee to Protect Journalists made a statement.
Amnesty International said he should be free. Orla Guerin from the BBC, Patrick Kingsley from the Guardian, and Peter Greste from Al-Jazeera, who was also in prison in Egypt, wrote to the Egyptian president.
Awards
2016 John Aubuchon Press Freedom Award
from the (organization that takes care of journalists)
References
Other websites
#FreeShawkan on Twitter
Photos by imprisoned Egyptian photojournalist Mahmoud Abou Zeid
Egyptian people
Photojournalists
Political prisoners
CPJ International Press Freedom Award winners
Jan Oort

Jan Hendrik Oort FRS (28 April 1900 - 5 November 1992) was a Dutch astronomer.
Oort made significant contributions to understanding the Milky Way, and was a pioneer in the field of radio astronomy. His New York Times obituary called him "one of the century's foremost explorers of the universe". The European Space Agency website describes him as, "one of the greatest astronomers of the 20th century", and says he "revolutionised astronomy through his ground-breaking discoveries".
In 1955, Oort's name appeared in Life Magazine's list of the 100 most famous living people. He has been described as "putting the Netherlands in the forefront of postwar astronomy".
Oort proved that the Milky Way rotates. Finding that the visible mass was not enough to explain the rotation, he suggested the existence of invisible dark matter, in 1932. This is now thought to make up aboout 84.5% of the total matter in the Universe. Its gravitational pull causes "the clustering of stars into galaxies and galaxies into connecting strings of galaxies".
The Solar System's Oort cloud is named after him.
References
1900 births
1992 deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch astronomers
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
People from Friesland
Praça Rui Barbosa

Praca Rui Barbosa (also called Praca da Estacao, Station Square in English) is a square in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
It has this name because it is close to the Estacao Central de Belo Horizonte (Central Station of Belo Horizonte).
The square has the first public clock in the city.
Belo Horizonte
Town squares in Brazil
Torongbam

Torongbam is a Meetei Manipuri surname or family name which has Indian origin. People of this family mainly inhabit in Manipur, India.
References
Meitei surnames
Sivaya Subramuniyaswami

Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (January 5, 1927 - 2001), known as Gurudeva by his followers, was a Hindu leader and author. He was born in Oakland, California. He made a Hindu monastery in Kauai, Hawaii and founded the magazine Hinduism Today. Subramuniyaswami was an author of many books on Hinduism and metaphysics. He was one of the most traditional and well known people of Hinduism during the last two decades of the 20th century. He was one of Saivism's most revered Gurus, the founder and leader of the world's first Hindu church (Saiva Siddhanta Church).
Books
Subramuniyaswami has written several books on Hinduism, Saivism, yoga and meditation. His works are highly regarded by many of today's Hindu leaders. Subramuniyaswami's largest work, Master Course, is a complete essay on all parts of Hinduism (Saivism), including the Hindu approach to meditation and metaphysics. It is in three books and more than 3,000 pages. The work is written in a flowing version of written English that is similar to the spoken language as well as ancient Hindu oral traditions.
References
1927 births
2001 deaths
Hindu gurus
People from Oakland, California
Poey-d'Oloron

Poey-d'Oloron is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Poey-d'Oloron
Alien Nation (movie)

Alien Nation is a 1988 American science fiction action movie directed by Graham Baker and starring James Caan, Mandy Patinkin, Terence Stamp, Kevyn Major Howard, Leslie Bevis, Peter Jason, Roger Aaron Brown, Jeff Kober. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and spwaned TV series and 5 television movies from 1994 to 1997.
Other websites
1988 science fiction movies
1988 action movies
American science fiction movies
1980s American action movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies about extraterrestrial life
Movies about racism
Movies adapted into television series
Movies set in the 1990s
Mark Randall

Mark Randall (born 28 September 1989) is an English footballer. He plays for Arsenal.
Club career statistics
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Arsenal||rowspan="2"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2007/08||1||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2007/08||Burnley||League Championship||10||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Arsenal||rowspan="2"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||3||0||2||0||6||0
|-
|2009/10||0||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2009/10||Milton Keynes Dons||League One||16||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
28||0||0||0||9||0||2||0||39||0
28||0||0||0||9||0||2||0||39||0
|}
References
1989 births
Living people
Arsenal F.C. players
English footballers
Milton Keynes
Sportspeople from Buckinghamshire
Prettau

Prettau () is a comune in South Tyrol in Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol, Italy. It is the northernmost comune of Italy, on the border with Austria.
References
Other websites
Homepage of the municipality
Settlements in Trentino-Alto Adige/Sudtirol
Richard Sevigny

Richard Sevigny (November 4, 1957 in Montreal, Quebec) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens and Quebec Nordiques in the National Hockey League. In the 1979 Stanley Cup Finals Michel Larocque was scheduled to start game two. Laroque was injured during the pre-game warm up and Sevigny was started instead. The Canadiens would win that year and Sevigny's name was engraved on the Stanley Cup before ever playing an NHL game. In the off season Ken Dryden retired, and Richard Sevigny earned a spot on the roster for the 1979-80 NHL season. Richard won the 1981 Vezina Trophy along with Denis Herron and Michel Larocque with Montreal. After being released by the Canadiens in 1984, Sevigny spent the next three seasons between the Quebec Nordiques and their American Hockey League affiliate in Fredericton, New Brunswick before finishing his career in France. He was, before 1990-91, player-coach of the Diables Rouges de Briancon.
According to hockey legends, Sevigny was quoted as saying that Guy Lafleur would have Wayne Gretzky in his back pocket during the 1981 playoffs, a quote that motivated the Oilers team to victory over the fabled Habs.
Sevigny has involved himself in old-timers charity hockey games and has coached the semi-pro Verdun Dragons.
Other websites
References
1957 births
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
People from Montreal
Quebec Nordiques players
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls

My Little Pony: Equestria Girls is a 2013 Canadian-American animated musical adventure movie.
The movie is based on the animated television series, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The movie premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 15, 2013 and was released on limited screens in Canada and the United States on June 16, 2013. Screenvision added additional showings of the movie to allow more people to see the movie because of a larger-than-expected number of theater-goers in the initial weeks of showing.
The movie takes place after the show's third season finale "Magical Mystery Cure" and is about Twilight Sparkle entering the human world to get back her magical crown after it was stolen by Sunset Shimmer. During her time in the human world, Twilight learns how to behave like a human and meets the human counterparts of her pony friends. With the help of her new friends she hopes to stop Sunset Shimmer and take back her stolen crown.
The film later spawned a franchise of sequels, dolls, an animated web series, merchandise and apparel, and more. The second movie titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls - Rainbow Rocks was released theatrically on September 27, 2014. The third film titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls - Friendship Games was released on September 26, 2015 on Discovery Family. And the fourth film titled My Little Pony: Equestria Girls - Legend of Everfree was released on October 1, 2016 on Netflix.
As well as the release of 3, 20 minute specials titled "Tales of Canterlot High" which was put on Netflix but was removed in 2022.
5, 44 minute long specials were released from 2018 to 2019, titles with no specific order are: Spring Breakdown, Forgotten Friendship, Sunset's Backstage Pass, Rollercoaster of Friendship, and Holidays Unwrapped.
A digital series exclusive to YouTube ran for 50 and 19 episodes each, with the series being split into 2 parts: Better Together and Choose your own Ending.
In 2017, a series of "summertime shorts" ran on the Discovery Network, the first five short ran in July, all airing in August.
References
Other websites
Official website
2013 comedy movies
2013 fantasy movies
American animated movies
American musical comedy movies
Canadian animated movies
Canadian comedy movies
2010s English-language movies
Marcy-sous-Marle

Marcy-sous-Marle is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne
Olmec

The Olmecs were a group of people who lived about 3000 years ago in what is today south-central Mexico. The Olmec were the first civilization in the ancient area known as Mesoamerica. Because they were the first civilization, many later Mesoamerican civilizations used and repeated Olmec features and characteristics.
The Olmec people discovered and made use of many natural resources in the area, including rubber and corn. Dozens of mysterious stone heads were discovered in the Olmec territory as well; archaeologists are still not sure what their purposes were.
Overview
The Olmecs lived from 1200 BC to about 400 BC. They had two important cities, first San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan and then La Venta. The Olmecs were able to thrive due to the fertile land around the Coatzacoalcos river basin. The reason for the fall of the Olmec empire is unknown. They developed many different cultures.
Art
The Olmecs created a range of artwork such as altars, jade masks and stone carvings.
Colossal heads
The Olmec colossal heads are the most recognized symbol of the Olmec civilization. The height and weights of the heads vary, but the largest head is about twice the height of an average human male. They include seventeen heads found in the southern Mexican cities of La Venta, San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Tres Zapotes, and Rancho la Cobata. Each head shows a unique facial expression and wears a helmet bearing distinctive decorations. No two are alike. The origins and meaning of the heads are mysterious, and they are the subject of much speculation among scholars and archaeologists.
Scholars have tried to explain how the Olmecs might have made and moved such big objects. The heads were sculpted out of a hard, dense rock called basalt. Archaeologists think the Olmecs found most of the basalt in the Tuxtlas Mountain range. According to this theory, the basalt heads were sculpted roughly in the mountains and then either floated or dragged by thousands of people from the construction site to the Olmec cities.
Perhaps the most notable features of the sculptures - and a clue as to their meaning - are the helmets worn by all the Olmec heads. These helmets, and the rubber balls found near the sculptures, may be evidence that the Mesoamerican ball game originated with the Olmec civilization. The Mesoamerican ball game was a team sport with profound religious and cultural significance for the indigenous people of Mexico and Central America. The Olmec heads were once thought to have represented Mesoamerican ball players who were sacrificed after losing a match. The current theory, however, is that the heads honor Olmec rulers.
References
http://www.crystalinks.com/olmec.html
History of North America
Native Americans
Valendas

Valendas was a municipality of the district Surselva in the canton of Graubunden in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged into the new municipality of Safiental.
Former municipalities of Graubunden
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Bobby Trainor

Robert Trainor (born 25 April 1934) is a Northern Irish retired association footballer. He played for Coleraine F.C., and won 5 Northern Ireland amateur caps (1958-1959), and 2 Irish League caps (1957-1958), and was a non-travelling member of the 1958 World Cup squad.
Other websites
Northern Ireland's Footballing Greats
Northern Irish footballers
Living people
1934 births
Fiorenzo Alfieri

Fiorenzo Alfieri (11 September 1943 - 13 December 2020) was an Italian educator and politician. He was born in Polignano a Mare, Italy. He was a member of the Turin City Council from 1995 to 2000.
Alfieri died of COVID-19 in Turin on 13 December 2020 at the age of 77.
References
1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Italian politicians
Italian educators
Amrullah Saleh

Amrullah Saleh (Dari/Pashto: ; born 15 October 1972) is an Afghan politician. On 17 August 2021 the government of Afghanistan had lost its power; however, Saleh still had the highest position of (elected) politicians that had not resigned. He was the acting president of Afghanistan from the Fall of Kabul on 17 August 2021 until 6 September 2021. He started in 2020 as vice president of Afghanistan. Earlier, he was the Minister of Interior Affairs of Afghanistan in 2018 and 2019.
After the Fall of Kabul (2021)
After the Fall of Kabul (2021), Saleh moved himself to the Panjshir Valley; from there he said that an anti-Taliban resistance has started; that group was started by Saleh and Ahmad Massoud and defense minister Bismillah Khan Mohammadi.
Family
in September 2021, Taliban killed one of his brothers in Panjshir.
References
Living people
1972 births
Presidents of Afghanistan
Vice presidents of Afghanistan
Bernières-le-Patry

Bernieres-le-Patry is a former commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdalliere.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Infix notation

Infix notation is the commonly used arithmetic and logical formula notation. The operators are written between the operands they act on (e.g. 2 + 2). It is not as simple to parse by computer as prefix notation ( e.g. + 2 2 ) or postfix notation ( e.g. 2 2 + ), but many programming languages use it due to its familiarity.
In infix notation, parentheses are necessary to show the order of the operations. In prefix or postfix notation no parenthesis are needed.
When there are no parentheses, there are rules that show the order of operations. The rules are explained in the order of operations article.
Related pages
postfix notation, also called Reverse Polish notation
prefix notation, also called Polish notation
Shunting yard algorithm, used to convert infix notation to postfix notation or to a tree
Other websites
RPN or DAL? A brief analysis of Reverse Polish Notation against Direct Algebraic Logic
Mathematical notation
Cimarron City, Oklahoma

Cimarron City is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Classical mythology

Classical or Greco-Roman mythology usually means the mythology, and the related polytheistic rituals and practices, of Classical Antiquity.
Roman religion joined with Greek religion over time. This began in the eighth century BC when Greeks colonized Magna Graecia in southern Italy. The two traditions had joined to the point of being almost the same by the first century BC. See
Greek mythology
Roman mythology
mythology
he:hmytvlvgyh hklAsyt
Semi-automatic rifle

A semi-automatic rifle is a type of rifle that fires a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled, without the need manually to operate a bolt, lever, pump or other firing or loading mechanism. Such a rifle can fire single rounds like this until the firearm's bullets in the cartridges is gone. On the other hand, a fully automatic weapon (a machine gun, for example) keeps firing until the trigger is released, and can fire hundreds of shots for every trigger press.
Rifles
Kaag en Braassem

Kaag en Braassem is a municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. In 2019, 26,866 people lived there.
It was created on 1 January 2009 from the former municipalities of Alkemade and Jacobswoude.
2000s establishments in the Netherlands
2009 establishments in Europe
Freetown

Freetown is the capital city of the African country of Sierra Leone. With a population of 951,000 people, it is the largest city in that country. The city is a port on the Freetown Peninsula on the Atlantic coast. The port is a very important part of the economy of Freetown. It handles the main exports of the country. Industries include fish, rice, petroleum, and making cigarettes.
History
The area was first settled in 1787 by 400 freed former slaves and Black American Loyalists sent from London. Many of these men had joined the British Army because the British promised to free them if they fought the American colonists. Before that time it was said to be a slave market. These people created the 'Province of Freetown' on land bought from local Temne leaders. After many of these original settlers died from disease, it was burnt by the local people in 1790.
The Sierra Leone Company tried to settle the area again in 1792. They resettled Freetown with 1,100 former slaves and Loyalists from Nova Scotia. Many of these people were born in the colonial United States. They were led by former slave Thomas Peters. Around 500 free Jamaican Maroons joined them in 1800.
The city survived being attacked by the French in 1794. In 1800 the people revolted but the British retook control. From 1808 to 1874, the city was the capital of British West Africa. The city grew quickly as many freed slaves came to live there. African soldiers who had fought for Britain in the Napoleonic Wars also came to live in Freetown. During World War II, Britain had a naval base at Freetown. Descendants of the freed slaves, called Creoles, have a large role in the city, even though they are only a small amount of the population.
The city had much fighting in the late 1990s. In 1998, it was captured by ECOWAS soldiers who were trying to make Ahmad Tejan Kabbah the President again.
Features
One of Freetown's most most known features is its famous cotton tree. The cotton tree is said to have been in the same position since colonists came to the area in 1787. At that time, the tree was still a young sapling. It now stands outside the Freetown Museum.
Notable buildings in the city include Freetown Law Courts, the Slave Gate and Portuguese Steps, St John's Maroon Church (built around 1820), St George's Cathedral (completed in 1828), Foulah Town Mosque (built in the 1830s) and the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Cathedral. Also in Freetown are many beaches and markets, and the Sierra Leone Museum.
The city is the home of Fourah Bay College and the Njala University college.
Lungi International Airport is the international airport of Sierra Leone. Freetown also has a heliport on Aberdeen Island. It connects the city with the airport. There is a helicopter, hovercraft and ferry-service from the city to the airport.
References
Other websites
Sierra Leone National Tourist Board
LiveFromFreetown
Cry Freetown
FreeTown photos
Lungi International Airport
Cities in Sierra Leone
National capitals in Africa
1792 establishments
Establishments in Africa
List of counties in New Hampshire

There are 10 counties in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. Five of the counties were formed in 1769. This was when New Hampshire was still an English colony and not a state.
The FIPS county code is the five-digit Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code which uniquely identifies counties and county equivalents in the United States. The three-digit number is unique to each individual county within a state. The code for New Hampshire is 33. The links in the column "FIPS County Code" are to the Census Bureau Info page for that county.
List
References
New Hampshire
county
Bride Wars

Bride Wars is a 2009 American romantic comedy movie set in New York City. This is about two women being engaged at age 26. They are expected to be each other's bridesmaid. Anne Hathaway plays Emma. Candice Bergen plays Marion St. Claire. Kate Hudson plays Olivia.
Bride Wars was released on January 9, 2009. The movie was disliked by critics. Despite that, it grossed more than $114 million worldwide.
2009 buddy movies
2009 romantic comedy movies
American buddy comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
2000s buddy comedy movies
2000s English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Movies about revenge
Movies about weddings
Movies set in New York City
20th Century Fox movies
Indian boar

The Indian boar (Sus scrofa cristatus), also known as the Andamanese pig or Moupin pig is a subspecies of wild boar native to Republic of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, western Thailand and Sri Lanka. It is considered as the "National hog of India" respectively.
The Indian boar differs from its European counterpart by its large mane which runs in a crest along its back from its head to lower body, larger, more sharply featured and straighter skull, its smaller, sharper ears and overall lighter build. It is taller and more sparsely haired than the European form, though its back bristles are much more developed. The tail is also more tufted, and the cheeks hairier.
Related pages
Wild boar
References
Pigs
Domesticated animals
National symbols of India
Madhya Pradesh
Animals of India
Mammals of Asia
War of the Pacific

The War of the Pacific (or Saltpeter War) took place from 1879-1883. It grew out of a dispute between Bolivia and Peru against Chile over control of a part of the Pacific coast. The disputed area was part of the Atacama Desert that lies between the 23rd and 26th parallels. The territory contained valuable mineral resources, mainly potassium nitrate, which were exploited by Chilean companies and British interests. The Bolivian government decided to increase taxes to take advantage of the increasing income of the region, which led to a commercial dispute.
The early part of the war was mostly at sea, and the late part mostly on land. Chile won, and Bolivia lost its access to the ocean and became landlocked.
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
History of Bolivia
History of Chile
19th century in South America
History of Peru
Wars involving South America
19th-century conflicts
Glendora, California

Glendora is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is east of Downtown Los Angeles.
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)

The Union of the Democratic Centre (, UCD, also translated as "Democratic Centre Union") was an electoral coalition, and later political party, in Spain. It existed from 1977 to 1983. It was led by Adolfo Suarez, Prime Minister of Spain.
Political parties in Spain
Adolfo Suarez
Galahad

Sir Galahad is a character from Arthurian legend- a knight of the Round Table and the son of Sir Lancelot. Legend says that Galahad searched for and later found the Holy Grail earning him the name 'The Grail Knight', as he was the only one on earth considered by God worthy of finding the Holy Grail. It is said that when he drank from the grail, he was surrounded by light and ascended to heaven. His uncle was king Pelle and Galahad's father was actually Sir Lancelot.
Galahad was also very noble and loyal, and was renowned as a talented swordsman. Galahad was known as the perfect knight.
Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Fictional knights
Bala Singh

Bala Singh (24 April 1952 - 27 November 2019) was an Indian actor. He appeared in Tamil language movies. He made his first movie appearance on Avatharam (1995). He was known for his villain roles such as in Kaama and in Pudhupettai.
Singh died of cardiac arrest caused by food poisoning in Chennai on 27 November 2019, aged 67.
References
1952 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from food poisoning
Indian actors
Jack Szostak

Jack William Szostak (London, November 9, 1952) is an Anglo-American biologist who was raised in Canada. Szostak is Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009 for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres. His co-winners were Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider. Szostak is also credited with the construction of the world's first yeast artificial chromosome.
His lab has moved on to working on RNA. "By the year 2000, I started to pay more attention to fundamental questions related to the origin of life" (RNA world hypothesis). "Here the big question is whether RNA was in fact the first genetic polymer, or whether RNA was preceded by some simpler, easier to make or more robust genetic material". Recent work suggests that the RNA hypothessis is still alive.
References
1952 births
Living people
Scientists from London
American biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
British Nobel Prize winners
Tony Barbieri

Anthony J. "Tony" Barbieri (born August 26, 1963) is an American comedic writer and performer. He began writing for Jimmy Kimmel Live! in 2003. In 2004, he started appearing on the show as the character "Jake Byrd". He won the an Emmy Award for the song "I'm Fucking Matt Damon" in 2008.
References
1963 births
American stand-up comedians
American voice actors
Comedians from Massachusetts
Living people
Writers from Massachusetts
Emmy Award winners
Ninju

was a after Kasho and before Saiko. This period started in April 851 and ended in November 854. During this time, the emperor was .
Events of the Ninju era
852 (Ninju 2, 2nd month): A broom star was seen in the west.
853 (Ninju 3, 2nd month): The emperor visited the home of Fujiwara Yoshifusa, who was the grandfather of his designated heir.
853 (Ninju 3, 5th month): Asama Shrine in Suruga province is given national ranking in the lists of shrines and temples.
Related pages
Heian period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
850s establishments in Japan
850s disestablishments in Japan
851 establishments
854 disestablishments
Kersey Tye

Kersey Tye is a hamlet in Kersey, Babergh, Suffolk, England. It has one listed building called Bridges Farmhouse. There was a Congregation house built in about 1835 which is not always used for worship.
References
Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Charles des Moulins

Charles Robert Alexandre des Moulins (1798-1875) was a French botanist who also studied molluscs. In 1830, he proposed to introduce plants into aquaria so that the animals in the aquarium could breathe better. He described many species of snails, for example Pagodulina pagodula, and plants, for example Euphorbia milii. Towards the end of his life he became opposed to Darwinism.
1798 births
1875 deaths
French botanists
Justification (theology)

In Christian theology, justification is God's act of pardoning someone's sins, because of their belief in Christ.
The idea of justification is found in several books of both the Old Testament, and New Testament. Protestants believe justification is the line that divide the Roman Catholics from the Protestants during the Reformation Martin Luther and other reformers taught that faith alone made a person right with God, apart from doing good works. However, they taught that after they were justified by faith, good works would follow. Catholics tended to stress that the good works were part of what made a Christian acceptable to God. In recent times these two positions have come closer together.
References
Christian theology
Christian terminology
University of Oslo

The University of Oslo (, ) is the oldest and largest university in Norway. It is in the Norwegian capital, Oslo.
The university began in 1811 as The Royal Frederick University (in Norwegian Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet and in Latin Universitas Regia Fredericiana). The university was modelled after the recently established University of Berlin, and originally named after King Frederick of Denmark and Norway. In 1939 it changed to the name it has now.
The university has faculties of (Lutheran) Theology, Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dentistry, Social Sciences, and Education. The Faculty of Law is still located at the old campus on Karl Johans gate, near the National Theatre, the Royal Palace, and the Parliament. Most of the other faculties are at a modern campus area called Blindern. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area.
In 2019, the university had 30,505 students and employed 6,595 people.
References
Oslo
Education in Norway
Oslo
1811 establishments
1810s establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Norway
Sceaux, Yonne

Sceaux is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Guillon-Terre-Plaine.
References
INSEE
Former communes in Yonne
Anita Ekberg

Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg (29 September 1931 11 January 2015) was a Swedish actress. She was born in Malmo, Skane. She was best known for her role in the movie La Dolce Vita (1960), which was directed by Federico Fellini.
Ekberg died from a long-illness in Castelli Romani, Italy, aged 83.
References
Other websites
Disease-related deaths in Italy
People from Malmo
Swedish models
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
1931 births
2015 deaths
Jane Wenham-Jones

Jane Wenham-Jones (1961/1962 - 22 August 2021) was a British author, journalist, presenter, interviewer, creative writing tutor, and speaker. She was a regular contributor to Writing Magazine, Woman's Weekly and the Isle of Thanet News. She also published short stories for Bella, My Weekly, The People's Friend and Take a Break.
She was a member of Equity and presented for both BBC Radio Kent and the BBC's Politics Show.
Wenham-Jones died on 22 August 2021, aged 59.
References
Other websites
Jane Wenham-Jones: Official Blog
Jane Wenham-Jones: Wannabe A Writer website
Jane Wenham-Jones on Goodreads
Teresa Chris Literary Agency
1960s births
2021 deaths
British journalists
British television presenters
British columnists
British educators
Writers from Kent
Percy Hobson (high jumper)

Percy Francis Hobson (5 November 1942 - 4 January 2022) was an Australian high jumper. He won the men's event at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth. He was the first Indigenous Australian to earn a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games. He was born in Bourke, New South Wales.
Hobson died in Melbourne, Victoria, on 4 January 2022. He was 79.
References
1942 births
2022 deaths
Australian athletes
High jumpers
Commonwealth Games medallists
Indigenous Australian sportspeople
Sportspeople from New South Wales
Veauce

Veauce is a commune. It is found in the Allier department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Allier
Privacy

Privacy is the ability to choose what information or personal data is hidden and who it's hidden from.
Privacy laws in many countries give the right not to be unfairly subjected to invasions of privacy.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that privacy is a human right.
Importance
Everyone wants to keep things about them private.
Some people want to keep their religion, sexual orientation, and opinions private so that they don't get in trouble with their government, the people they know, or both.
Internet privacy
Many things on the internet are tracked and sometimes sold by different groups of people.
For example:
Your internet provider can see the names of the websites you go to (for example: Wikipedia), if the website uses HTTPS. If a website uses HTTP your internet provider can see the exact page you're in (for example: Privacy page on Wikipedia) and things you write in that website (Like your password). This is why HTTPS is considered by web browsers as safe but HTTP is not.
Google tracks and stores data created by the Google searches you make, the emails sent from and to Gmail addresses, on all websites you visit that use Google Analytics, and more.
TikTok collects and shares location data, sees private messages, sells your personal information to others, and more.
The senders of an email can track the time you open an email using pictures that sometimes can't even be seen.
Notes
References
Human rights
Alan Hodgkinson

Alan Hodgkinson MBE (16 August 1936 - 8 December 2015) was an English professional football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach.
Football career
At just over , Hodgkinson was on the small side for a goalkeeper, but made up for the lack of height by his good positional play. He played for Sheffield United from 1954 through 1971 and for the England national football team from 1957 through 1960.
Death
Hodgkinson died on 8 December 2015 at the age of 79.
Sheffield United career
References
Other websites
1936 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
English footballers
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
Planomicrobium glaciei

Planomicrobium glaciei is a species of bacteria. The cells are first coccoid. After some time they change to rods. The bacterium use the aerobic respiration with oxygen. The bacterium does not form endospores. It belongs to the gram-positive Firmicutes.
References
Gram-positive bacteria
Laura Michelle Kelly

Laura Michelle Kelly (born 4 March 1981) is an English actress and singer. She played Mary Poppins in the musical of the same name. She also played Sylvia Llewelyn Davies in Finding Neverland on Broadway.
Kelly made her movie debut in 2007 as Lucy Barker in the Tim Burton 2007 movie Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.
References
1981 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from Hampshire
English singers
English dancers
Islamic Consultative Assembly

The National Consultative Assembly of Iran, also called The Iranian Parliament or People's House, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament has 290 representatives. There were 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election. The election took place on 2 March 2012. The new parliament will be opened on 27 May 2012.
History
The first national assembly
The first national assembly, the "Majlis", was formed in 1906, after the 1905-1906 revolution. The Majlis wrote a constitution for the Persian empire.
The first Majlis had 156 delegates. Tehran had 60 of the 156 seats. Major provinces like Azerbaijan had 12 delegates. Smaller provinces like Gilan and Tavala had 6 delegates each.
War
In 1941, Britain and Russia invaded Persia to put the Germans out. This happened during the 13th Majlis. Mohamed Reza Shah was the constitutional monarch from 1941-1953. From 1953 until the revolution of 1979, Shah was the absolute ruler. Elections for the 14th Majlis were in 1943. In 1950, a special assembly met to create a new upper house, or senate, with half of the members appointed by Shah. The assembly also gave Shah the power to dissolve the national assembly. The 21st Majlis was elected in September 1963.
The 1979 revolution
After the revolution, Iran changed the name of the parliament from the National Assembly to the Islamic Assembly.
Elections after the revolution
Dates of elections:
1st Majlis 1979-83
2nd Majlis 1983-87
3rd Majlis 1987-91
4th majlis 1991-96
5th Majlis 1996-00
6th Majlis 2000-04
References
Iran
Organisations based in Iran
20th-century establishments in Iran
1906 establishments in Asia
Unicameral legislatures
Anatoli Grishin

Anatoli Kuzmich Grishin (; 8 July 1939 - 14 June 2016) was a Soviet sprint canoeist who competed in the mid-1960s.
He won a gold medal in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Grishin also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold medal (K-4 10000 m: 1966) and a bronze medal (K-2 1000 m: 1963).
Grishin died on 14 June 2016, at the age of 76.
References
Other websites
ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships - Part 1: flatwater (now sprint): 1936-2007.
ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships - Part 2: rest of flatwater (now sprint) and remaining canoeing disciplines: 1936-2007.
1939 births
2016 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Sportspeople from Moscow
Canoeists
BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film

This is a list of the winners and nominees of the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media.
Winners and nominees
BAFTA Awards
Tiverton, Rhode Island

Tiverton is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States.
Towns in Rhode Island
Norwalk, Iowa

Norwalk is a city in Iowa in the United States.
Cities in Iowa
Saint-Ouen-du-Mesnil-Oger

Saint-Ouen-du-Mesnil-Oger is a commune. It is found in the Basse-Normandie region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Communes in Calvados
Longwave

In radio, longwave (or long wave) refers to parts of the radio spectrum that has longer wavelengths. These are typically kilometer-sized or greater. The term is a historic one dating from the early 20th century. This was when the radio spectrum was considered to consist of long, medium and short wavelengths. Most modern radio systems and devices use wavelengths which would then have been called 'ultra-short'. For radio broadcasting is it the radio band between 30 kHz-299 kHz.
Longwaves have the advantage that diffraction helps them travel far.
References
Radio
Zakk Wylde

Zachary Philip Wylde (born January 14, 1967) is an American musician. He is known for playing guitar for Ozzy Osbourne. He is also known for making the heavy metal band Black Label Society. He was the main guitarist and singer for Pride & Glory, a band that made one album and then broke up. He has also made two albums by himself. They are named Book of Shadows and Book of Shadows II.
In 2022, Wylde joined Pantera to play the guitar. This was because Dimebag Darrell, the original guitarist, died in 2004.
Wylde has played as a guitarist for many bands that he has not joined. Most of the time, he helps play guitar solos. He has played the guitar for bands such as Black Veil Brides, Britny Fox, Blackfoot, and My Darkest Days. Wylde has been put on the Hollywood Rock Walk of Fame. This is a walkway where people who have done a lot for rock music are featured.
References
1967 births
Living people
American guitarists
Tapas

Tapas is a snack in Spanish cuisine before the main dishes. In some places of Spanish-language countries this snack is called in different ways. In Central American countries they are known as bocas. In Mexico tapas are called botanas.
Snack foods
Appetizers
Spanish food
Al Abbas Mosque

The Al-'Abbas Mosque or Masjid al-'Abbas () is the mausoleum of 'Abbas ibn 'Ali. It is across from the Imam Husayn Mosque in Karbala, Iraq.
Mosques in Iraq
Yesh Atid

Yesh Atid, (, meaning There is a Future), is an Israeli political party.
Its ideology is centrist social liberal, secular, and Zionist.
Political leader is Yair Lapid, who was Prime Minister of Israel from July 2022 to December 2022.
Yesh Atid was founded in 2012.
Number of seats in the 25th Knesset: 24 (+7).
Participating in the Bennett-Lapid Government.
Other websites
2012 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
Liberal parties
National Arts Centre Orchestra

The National Arts Centre Orchestra is an orchestra in Ottawa, Canada's capital. Since 1998 their conductor (musical director) has been Pinchas Zukerman. The orchestra was started in 1969. It has made more than 40 recordings and toured widely throughout the world.
Other websites
National Arts Centre Orchestra
Related pages
Ottawa, Ontario
Orchestras
Ottawa
Canadian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1969
1969 establishments in Canada
The Ballad of Cossack Golota

The Ballad of Cossack Golota () is a 1937 Soviet action drama movie directed by Igor Savchenko. It stars Konstantin Nassonov, Leonid Shekhtman, and Konstantin Tyrtov.
Actors
Konstantin Nassonov as Commissar
Leonid Shekhtman as Zhigan
Konstantin Tyrtov as Sashko
Nina Rusinova as Mother
Nikolai Sokolov as Grandfather
References
Other websites
1937 drama movies
1930s action movies
Russian drama movies
Russian action movies
Movies directed by Igor Savchenko
Alison Pill

Alison Pill (born November 27, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She started her career at the age of twelve. In 2006, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in The Lieutenant of Inishmore (2006). Her movies credits include Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004), Plain Truth (2004), Milk (2008), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Midnight in Paris (2011), Zoom (2015) and Vice (2018). Her TV roles include the series The Book of Daniel (2006), In Treatment (2009), The Pillars of the Earth (2010), The Newsroom (2012-14), American Horror Story (2017) and Star Trek: Picard (2020).
Pill was born in Toronto, Ontario. Her father is Estonian. She married actor Joshua Leonard in 2015. The couple have one child.
References
Other websites
1985 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Asbury, Missouri

Asbury is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States.
Cities in Missouri
Jasper County, Missouri
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

AASHTO means American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. It is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, quality control protocols and guidelines which are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public transportation as well.
Though AASHTO is not a government body, it possesses quasi-governmental powers in the sense that the organizations that supply its members customarily obey most AASHTO decisions.
Besides its publications, AASHTO performs or cooperates in research projects.
Other websites
Official AASHTO site
AASHTO Daily Transportation News Update
AASHTO Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering
Transport in the United States