pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roll On down the Highway

"Roll On Down the Highway" is a 1975 song by Bachman-Turner Overdrive. It was taken from their third studio album Not Fragile. It went to number 4 in Canada, number 14 in the United States, number 18 in Germany, number 20 in New Zealand, number 22 in the United Kingdom and number 80 in Australia.
References
1975 songs
Rock songs
Bachman-Turner Overdrive songs
The Donnas songs
Adam's apple (disambiguation)

An Adam's apple is a structure in the front of the throat more prominent in men than women.
Adam's apple can also mean:
Adam's Apples, a 2005 Danish movie
Adam's Apple (album), a 1966 album by Wayne Shorter
"Adam's Apple" (song), a 1975 song by Aerosmith
Adam's Apple (2004 album), by John Wesley Harding
Related pages
Forbidden fruit
Ural Airlines Flight 178

Ural Airlines Flight 178 was a scheduled passenger flight from Zhukovsky International Airport in Moscow to Simferopol in Crimea. On 15 August 2019, an Airbus A321 (VQ-BOZ) suffered a bird strike, which is when birds hit the engines of the plane. It happened after taking off from Zhukovsky and crash landed in a cornfield a few kilometers past the airport. Twenty-nine people were injured and no one was killed.
References
August 2019 events
21st century in Moscow
2019 in Europe
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2019
Anise

Anise (Pimpinella anisum), also anis and aniseed is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southwest Asia known for its flavor that resembles liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.
Anise was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.
Spices
Apiaceae
The Everlasting Gaze

"The Everlasting Gaze" is a 1999 song by The Smashing Pumpkins and is the leading single from their fifth studio album Machina/The Machines of God. It was rejected as an international single in favour of Stand Inside Your Love. It went to number 14 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.
Track listing
"The Everlasting Gaze" was released with "Stand Inside Your Love" in the US as a promotional CD.
All songs written by Billy Corgan.
References
1999 songs
The Smashing Pumpkins songs
Industrial rock songs
Olen

Olen is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.
In 2007, 11467 people lived there.
It is at 51deg 08 North, 04deg 51 East.
References
Municipalities of Antwerp
Jestina Mukoko

Jestina Mukoko is a human rights activist and journalist from Zimbabwe. In 2010, she received the International Women of Courage Award.
Work
Jestina Mukoko is the director of the Zimbabwe Peace Project. She studied to be a journalist, and she was a newsreader with the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation.
Kidnapping
On December 3, 2008, Jestina Mukoko was kidnapped from her house near the city of Harare. Dumisani Muleya of Business Day newspaper said that she was "abducted by suspected state agents for allegedly being involved in plans for anti government demonstrations."
Mukoko told The Independent newspaper that they asked her about her NGO, the Peace Project. The said she wanted to train young people to fight the government. They beat her on the bottom of her feet with rubber hoses. They said this is a favourite torture instrument in Zimbabwe because it does not leave a mark on the feet for later.
International attention
Many world leaders asked for her freedom, including Gordon Brown and Condoleezza Rice. A "Group of Elders", including Jimmy Carter, Kofi Annan and Graca Machel, wanted to come to Zimbabwe, but the government refused to let them come in. Instead, they talked to the newspapers in South Africa.
The Zimbabwe High Court told the Zimbabwe Republic Police to look for Mukoko. The police did nothing. They said they did not know where she was.
Freedom
On 24 December, Mukoko appeared in court in Harare on charges of trying to get young people to fight the government. She did not have a lawyer. She was with seven other people who were kidnapped. The group included a 72-year-old man and a two-year-old boy whose father and mother, Violet Mupfuranhehwe and Collen Mutemagawo, were also prisoners. In March 2009, three months after her kidnapping, Jestina Mukoko was free on bail. She had to go to the police station every week. They took her passport. On 21 September 2009 the Zimbabwe Supreme Court said she was free. Amnesty International said this was a good decision.
References
Other websites
2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Zimbabwean activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Journalists
Human rights activists
Arizona territory

The Arizona Territory was an American territory from February 24, 1863 to February 14, 1912.
The Mexican Cession was a transfer of territory from Mexico to the United States in 1863.
After some time the United States called cartographers to draw up borders for some Territories. What they came up with was the Arizona, Colorado, and Californias (later shortened to California). The Arizona Territory was not added on to until 1853.
The Gadsden Purchase happened in 1853. It added onto the previously created Arizona Territory. Dissolvement: the Arizona Territory was cut in half on January 6, 1912 when the State of New Mexico was formed.
One month after New Mexico became a state, Arizona was created from the remains of the Arizona Territory on February 14, 1912.
Now Part of:
New Mexico
Arizona
Nevada
History of Arizona
1863 establishments in the United States
1912 disestablishments
1910s disestablishments in the United States
Former territories of the United States
La Mirada, California

La Mirada is a city in Los Angeles County, California United States. The population was 48,008 at the 2020 census.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Drums Across the River

Drums Across the River is 1954 American western movie directed by Nathan Juran and starring Audie Murphy, Walter Brennan, Lyle Bettger, Lisa Gaye, Hugh O'Brian, Mara Corday, Regis Toomey, Morris Ankrum. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Other websites
1954 movies
1950s Western (genre) movies
American Western (genre) movies
Movies directed by Nathan Juran
Hamashahr

Homashahr () is a city and capital of Homaijan District, in Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran.
References
Cities in Iran
Fars Province
E-learning

An online educational or e-learning service is a website which teaches and helps students improve in certain subjects such as Maths, English and Science. These are normally used by schools to let students learn from home and complete online homework. Website owners who own good online educational services may charge schools to use these websites, however, many websites such as Bitesize, run by the BBC, are open to the public.
Related pages
Distance education
Learning
Educational websites
Delmar, Delaware

Delmar is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Towns in Sussex County, Delaware
Tibesti Region

Tibesti Region is a region in Chad. Its capital is Bardai.
It was created in 2008 when the former Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region was split into three. The Tibesti Department became the Tibesti Region. The region is named for the Tibesti Mountains, one of the most prominent mountain chains in the Sahara Desert.
The area fell under French rule during the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century. Prior to 1931 much of the region belonged to what is now Niger, as part of the French West Africa colony.
Subdivisions
The region of Tibesti is divided into two departments:
References
Regions of Chad
2008 establishments in Africa
Faithful (1910 movie)

Faithful is a 1910 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Arthur V. Johnson, Mack Sennett, Florence Barker, and Kate Bruce.
Actors
Arthur V. Johnson - John Dobbs
Mack Sennett - Zeke (Faithful)
Florence Barker - John's Sweetheart
Kate Bruce - Mother of John's Sweetheart
References
Other websites
American movies
1910 movies
American comedy movies
American silent movies
Nova Milanese

Nova Milanese is a city in northern Italy. It is in the Lombardy Region. About 23,300 people live there.
Cities in Lombardy
List of European historians

This is a list of European historians (by nation).
Belarus
Anatol Hrytskievich, d. in 2015
Belgium
Henri Pirenne - "one of the most eminent scholars of the Middle Ages and of Belgian national development", says Encyclopaedia Britannica; he died in 1935
Croatia
Aleksandar Stipcevic, was a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo; d. in 2015
Czechia
Antonin Klimek, d. in 2005
Milan Nakonecny
Estonia
Helmut Piirimae, died in 2017
Finland
Peter von Bagh, d. in 2014
France
Elisee Reclus
Hilaire Belloc - he was a Member of Parliament for English constituencies; the naturalised Brit, died in 1953.
German
Karl Marx - author of the pamphlet The Communist Manifesto, and Das Kapital; he died in 1883
Great Britain
Hilaire Belloc - he was a Member of Parliament for English constituencies; the French born and (later) naturalised Brit, died in 1953.
England
Winston Churchill - he was Prime Minister of Great Britain; death - 1965
Wales
Terry Jones - he is a former member of Monty Python.
Hungary
Gyorgy Szabad, was the Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary; d. in 2015
Iceland
Snorri Sturluson, author of Younger Edda and Heimskringla; d. in 1241
Ireland
Louis Cullen
Italy
Davide Bertolotti
Girolamo Borsieri
Sigismondo Boldoni
Paolo Giovio
Giovanni Battista Giovio
Santo Monti (historian)
Tommaso Porcacchi
Liechtenstein
Peter Kaiser, d. in 1864
Norway
Theoderic (Norwegian historian) - called Norway's first historian; the monk wrote in the 12th century
Portugal
Mario Soares, was Prime Minister of Portugal; d. in 2017
Romania
Ioan P. Culianu, d. in 1991
Mihai Razvan Ungureanu, a former Minister of Foreign Affairs
Russia
Yuri Bychkov, d. in 2016
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, got the Nobel Prize in literature; he died in 2008
Slovenia
Janko Prunk, is a former Minister for Slovenes outside Slovenia (in the first coalition cabinet of Janez Drnovsek)
Spain
Bautista Alvarez. d. in 2017
Gonzalo Anes, d. in 2014
Salvador de Madariaga, d. in 1978
Sweden
Olle Hager, won Stora Journalistpriset''; d. in 2014
Switzerland
Markus Bruderlin, d. in 2014
Turkey
Afet Inan, d. in 1985
Taner Akcam
Ukraine
Oleksandr Shevchenko, politician; d. in 2016
Related pages
List of historians by country
List of historians
References
historian
Historians, European
Brookville, Kansas

Brookville is a city in Saline County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 262 people lived there.
History
Brookville was planned out in 1870 when the Kansas Pacific Railway was built to that point. The first post office in Brookville was created in February 1870.
Geography
Brookville is at (38.773464, -97.868015). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.
Climate
Brookville has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Koppen Climate Classification system says that Brookville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
People
It is part of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area.
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 262 people, 101 households, and 72 families living in Brookville.
2000 census
The 2000 census says that there were 259 people, 104 households, and 74 families living in Brookville.
Education
Brookville is a part of USD 307 Ell-Saline.
In popular culture
One scene of the 1980 film Up the Academy was filmed in Brookville, where the boys drive off without paying for fuel.
References
Other websites
City
Brookville - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
USD 307, local school district
Historical
Brookville Hotel removed from Historic Register
Maps
Brookville City Map, KDOT
Cities in Saline County, Kansas
Dir en grey

Dir en grey is a rock band from Japan. They began in 1997. They have recorded twenty eight singles, three EPs and eight albums, of which they have released three in Europe and two in the United States.
Vocal Kyou use growl, falset, mixvoice and hoistle voice in their music. Their music mixes rock and metal with tribal music. Many visual kei bands are influenced by Dir en grey.
Members
Kyo (Jing ) - vocals
Kaoru (Xun ) - guitar
Die - guitar
Toshiya - bass
Shinya - drums
Discography
Studio albums
Gauze (1999)
Macabre (2000)
Kisou (2002)
Vulgar (2003)
Withering to Death. (2005)
The Marrow of a Bone (2007)
Uroboros (2008)
Dum Spiro Spero (2011)
Japanese rock bands
Hard rock bands
Japanese heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Visual kei bands
Osaka
2001 Bradford riots

The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of rioting which began on 7 July 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It was a result of heightened tension between the large and growing ethnic minority communities and the city's white majority. It was stoked by confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and far-right groups such as the British National Party and the National Front. Similar race riots had occurred earlier in May in Oldham and in June in Burnley - other parts of northern England.
References
2001 crimes
2001 in England
2000s crimes in the United Kingdom
2000s riots
2001 riots
July events
Riots in England
Tatsuomi Koishi

Tatsuomi Koishi (born 22 August 1977) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="6"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="6"|J. League 2||22||4||2||0||2||0||26||4
|-
|2001||19||6||0||0||0||0||19||6
|-
|2002||31||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||3
|-
|2003||29||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2004||39||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||2
|-
|2005||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2006||ALO's Hokuriku||Football League||16||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||3
157||18||5||0||2||0||164||18
157||18||5||0||2||0||164||18
|}
References
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Saga Prefecture
Quilmes Atlético Club

Quilmes A.C. is a football club that plays in Argentina.
References
Argentine football clubs
1887 establishments
1880s establishments in Argentina
List of football federations

Below is a list of the international football federations:
Worldwide
FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association; founded in 1904; It's main tournament is the FIFA World Cup)
N.F.-Board (Nouvelle Federation-Board; 2003-2012; It's main tournament was the Viva World Cup)
ConIFA (Confederation of Independent Football Associations; founded in 2013; It's main tournament is the ConIFA World Football Cup)
Continental
These are the football federations in each continent:
FIFA Member federations
Other websites
RSSSF
Football Federations Around the Globe, Soccerlens.com
Football-related lists
International sports organizations
Asbestosis

Asbestosis is a disease of the lungs caused by inhaling fibers of asbestos. It is not to be confused with mesothelioma, a cancer of the lungs which is also caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Asbestosis has been the subject of many lawsuits, and many lawyers specialize in asbestosis and mesothelioma.
References
Related pages
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
Breathing problems
Asbestos
Côtebrune

Cotebrune is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte in the Doubs department in east France.
References
Communes in Doubs
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS) is a religious group. It broke from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, a Mormon movement, in the 19th or early 20th century. In 1890, the Latter-Day Saints stopped accepting polygamy.
A few people who believed polygamy was an important part of their religion started the new church. They taught that a man needs more than one wife to be able to get to heaven.
It is believed the church had about 10,000 members in 2009. These live in the sister cities of Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona; as well as Eldorado, Texas; Westcliffe, Colorado; Mancos, Colorado; Creston and Bountiful, British Columbia; and Pringle, South Dakota.
In the news
The church has been in the news because its leader, Warren Steed Jeffs was arrested in southern Nevada in August 2006. Jeffs was arrested because he was accused of rape and molestation. At the time, Jeffs was on the FBI's Ten Most-Wanted list.
There has been another incident in 2008.
Beginning April 4, 2008, over a four-day period, troopers and child welfare officials searched the church's ranch. They took 416 children into the temporary custody of the State of Texas. Originally officials from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services took 18 girls into temporary custody of the state. They acted because of a phone call from the ranch- it looks like a 16-year-old girl called the police to report she had been raped. She also said she had been married at age 15 to a 49-year-old man, Dale Evans Barlow. On the following day, Judge Barbara Walther of the 51st District Court issued an order authorizing officials to remove all children, including boys, 17 years old and under out of the compound. The children were being held by the Child Protective Services 45 miles away, north of the ranch. 133 women also voluntarily left the ranch with the children. The 16-year-old girl who alerted the authorities could not be located at the time of the raid. It looks like the call was made by a woman in her thirties, who gave a false identity. This woman is known by local police, as she has done similar things before. The woman was arrested for making the call (that triggered the raid) in April.
References
Mormonism
Christian organizations based in the United States
Louis de Montfort

Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort (31 January 1673 - 28 April 1716) was a French Roman Catholic priest and confessor. He was known in his time as a preacher and was made a missionary apostolic
References
1673 births
1716 deaths
French Roman Catholics
Christian saints
Amur leopard

The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is a leopard subspecies. It is sometimes called the far eastern leopard.
The leopard lives in the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and in the Jilin Province of northeast China. It is critically endangered (IUCN). Only 14-20 adults and 5-6 cubs were counted in 2007. Only 19-26 Amur leopards live in the wild.
The Amur leopard's range has decreased considerably in the previous century. This species is still at high risk of extinction, and conservation efforts are ongoing. The Amur leopards are endangered because they have been hunted for their fur. Also because their food sources are running out due to them being hunted for their fur. Amur leopards can be recognized from the patterns in their fur. They weigh about . They live in temperate, broadleaf and mixed forests. The Amur Leopard almost extinct by human hunting. It's called human hunting since the humans tear down the forest so no tree and bushes so the leopard cannot hide. At that time, they hunt them and sell to get money.
The number of Amur cats is decreasing due to the human activity, invasion of domestic cats, and infectious disease. Because these cats play a huge role and the ecosystem cannot afford to lose such species, researchers found a way to regenerate the endangered animal. This can be done from culture cell with somatic cloning technique.
They breed in spring and early summer. Most of them are in captive breeding programs. They give birth to one to four cubs. Inbreeding is common in the wild. Their diet consists of roe deer, sika deer, badgers and hares.
References
Panthera
Critically endangered species
Mammals of Asia
Public journal

Public journal (official gazette, official journal, or official diary) is the daily record of the work of an official public organization, especially of legislatures of countries and/or its administrative divisions.
Journals of this sort are also often called gazettes (state or government newspapers).
In some countries, the publication in the official journal is a condition for a law to "come into effect" or "come into force" (in which the law becomes a reality), so that people know the law (or treaty) exists, which generally releases it into the public domain. But sometimes a public journal is not always released into the public domain.
Public journal by country
Albania: Fletorja Zyrtare
Azerbaijan: Az@rbaycan
Belgium: Belgian Official Journal
Canada: Canada Gazette
Egypt: Al-Waqa'i'a al-Masriya
Estonia: Riigi Teataja
European Union: Official Journal of the European Union
European Union: Official Journal of the European Patent Office
Finland: Virallinen lehti
France: Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise
Greece: Journal of Government
India: The Gazette of India
Iraq: Official Gazette of Iraq
Ireland: Iris Oifigiuil
Israel: Reshumot
Italy: Gazzetta Ufficiale
Mexico: Diario Oficial de la Federacion
Portugal: Diario da Republica
Romania: Monitorul Oficial
South Africa: Government Gazette of South Africa
Spain: Boletin Oficial del Estado
Sweden: Post- och Inrikes Tidningar
Thailand: Royal Thai Government Gazette
The Czech Republic: Sbirka zakonu
Turkey: TC Resmi Gazete
United Kingdom: London Gazette, Edinburgh Gazette and Belfast Gazette
United States: Federal Register
Publications
Government
Law
Bolsterlang

Bolsterlang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgau in Bavaria in Germany. From 1988 to 2008 Bolsterlang grew by 178 inhabitants. On March 16, 2014, Monika Zeller was again elected Mayor of Bolsterlang.
References
Oberallgau
The Snake Pit

The Snake Pit is a 1948 American drama movie directed by Anatole Litvak and was based on the 1946 novel of the same name by Mary Jane Ward. It stars Olivia de Havilland, Mark Stevens, Leo Genn, Lee Patrick, Celeste Holm, Beulah Bondi, Frank Conroy and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 6 Academy Awards and won an Oscar in 1949.
Other websites
1948 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Anatole Litvak
Bara 4 (constituency)

Bara 4 () is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Bara District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Incorporated areas
Bara 4 incorporates Parwanipur Rural Municipality, Prasauni Rural Municipality, Bishrampur Rural Municipality, ward 17 of Kalaiya Sub-metropolitan City, wards 1-4 of Pheta Rural Municipality, and wards 1-10 and 19-24 of Jitpur Simara Sub-metropolitan City.
Assembly segments
It encompasses the following Province No. 2 Provincial Assembly segment
Bara 4(A)
Bara 4(B)
References
Parliamentary constituencies of Nepal
Dunfermline, Illinois

Dunfermline is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Villages in Illinois
Anglesey Coastal Path

The Anglesey Coastal Path is a is a footpath on the island of Anglesey, Wales in the United Kingdom. The footpath is a part of the Wales Coast Path.
Description
The footpath follows the coast of the island of Anglesey. It goes around the entire island except in two places. Those two places are Plas Newydd and Afon Alaw between Llanfachraeth and Llanynghenedl. The path starts at Holyhead. It travels through an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The majority of the path travels through public land with a small amount going through private land. Owners of the private land have given permission for walkers to pass through their property. The path is part of the All Wales Coast Path.
The path cost PS1.4 million to build. It was built by two organizations: Menter Mon and Isle of Anglesey County Council. It was opened on June 9, 2006 by Rhodri Morgan.
Attached trails
There are three trails that connect to the Anglesey Coastal Path. They are:
Mynydd Mechell circular walk
Copper Coast Circular Walk
Ynys Llanddwyn
Places on the path
Walkers can visit many places on the path.
Villages and towns
Aberffraw
Amlwch
Beaumaris
Benllech
Bull Bay
Cemaes
Holyhead
Llanbadrig
Llangadwaladr
Llandegfan
Llanidan
Moelfre
Penmon
Porth Dafarch Beach Resort
Rhoscolyn
Rhosneigr
Trearddur
Related pages
Menai Suspension Bridge
References
Other websites
Official Website, including maps
Anglesey Walking Festival
Wales Coast Path
Anglesey
Bradwell-on-Sea

Bradwell-on-Sea is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 877 people living in Bradwell-on-Sea.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Le Raincy

Le Raincy is a commune. It is found in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in France.
Communes in Seine-Saint-Denis
Subprefectures in France
Kilojoule per mole

A kilojoule per mole is a way of measuring the amount of heat needed for something. It is the number of kilojoules needed to make the reaction in one mole of substance.
Physics
Units of measurement
Rhynie chert

The Rhynie chert is a Lower Devonian sedimentary rock, part of the Old Red Sandstone. It has extraordinary fossils, and is a Lagerstatte.
The chert is exposed near the village of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. A second unit, the Windyfield chert, is some 700 m away.
The Rhynie chert is exceptionally preserved material covered by an overlying volcanic deposit. Most of the fossil bed has primitive plants (which had water-conducting cells and sporangia, but no true leaves). There are also arthropods, lichens, algae and fungi.
Significance
Date
This fossil bed is remarkable for two reasons. First, the age of the site, formed about 410 million years ago. This places it at an early stage in the colonisation of land. Second, the sheer quantity and variety of lifeforms throws a vivid light on the whole ecosystem near the hot springs.
Quantity
Seven land plant taxa have been found in the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts:
Aglaophyton
Asteroxylon
Horneophyton
Nothia
Rhynia
Trichopherophyton
Ventarura
Also, the cherts have crustacea, primitive insects and other arthropods, fungi, lichen, and cyanobacteria. Even mycorrhizas are found in the Rhynie chert.
Quality
Second, these cherts are famous for their exceptional state of preservation. Individual cell walls are easy to see in polished specimens. Stomata have been counted and lignin remnants detected in the plant material. The "book lungs" of early spiders can be seen in cross-sections. Fungal hyphae can be seen entering plant material, acting as decomposers and mycorrhizal symbionts.
The oldest known insect (Rhyniognatha hirsti), which is rather like the modern springtails, was found in the Rhynie chert. This pushes dates for the origin of insects back to the Silurian period.
History of research
The chert was discovered by William Mackie while mapping the western margin of the Rhynie basin in 1910-1913.
Since 1980, the chert has been examined by the Munster group, and from 1987 by Aberdeen University. They showed the chert was indeed produced by a hot spring setting.
Conditions of formation
The chert was formed when silica-rich water from volcanic springs rose and rapidly petrified the early terrestrial ecosystem in situ. Organisms are petrified that way by hot springs today, although that quality of preservation has not been found in recent deposits. Hot springs, with temperatures between , were active; the water had probably cooled to under before it reached the fossilised organisms. The deposits are interbedded with sands, shales and tuffs, which speaks of local volcanic activity. Deposition was very rapid.
The texture of the silica formed is like that found today in freshwater streams at Yellowstone National Park. They are typically alkaline (pH 8.7) and tepid .
Living vegetation covered around 55% of the land area, with litter covering 30% and the remaining 15% of the ground being bare.
Other websites
References
Lagerstatten
List of monarchs of Carthage

Until 308 BC, Carthage was ruled, at least officially, by Monarchs.
Monarchs of Carthage, 814 BC-308 BC
Dido 814-c.760 BC -queen
unknown
Hanno I c.580-c.556 BC
Malchus c.556-c.550 BC
Magonids
Mago I c.550-c.530 BC
Hasdrubal I c.530-c.510 BC
Hamilcar I c.510-480 BC
Hanno II 480-440 BC
Himilco I (in Sicily) 460-410 BC
Hannibal I 440-406 BC
Himilco II 406-396 BC
Mago II 396-375 BC
Mago III 375-344
Hanno III 344-340
Hannonian
Hanno the Great 340-337 BC
Gisco 337-330 BC
Hamilcar II 330-309 BC
Bomilcar 309-308 BC
In 480 BC, following Hamilcar I's death, the King lost most of his power to an aristocratic Council of Elders. In 308 BC, Bomilcar attempted a coup (rebellion) to restore the monarch to full power, but failed, which led to Carthage becoming in name as well as in fact a republic.
Carthage
Carthage
Lists of heads of state
Phoenician colonies
Geordie

Geordie is a word for a person from Newcastle upon Tyne, and the dialect used by people who live nearby. It is like the language spoken by Anglo-Saxon settlers. It may also mean a supporter of Newcastle United.
Common Geordie words include the nouns bairn ("child") and clarts ("mud"); the adjectives canny ("pleasant") and clag ("sticky"); and the imperative verb phrase howay ("hurry up!"; "come on!").
References
Newcastle upon Tyne
British English
Human biology

Human biology is an area of study that is part of biology, biological anthropology, and medicine which looks at humans; it is closely related to primate biology, and a number of other areas.
Human biology research includes:
Genetic differences across human populations, present and past
Biological differences related to climate and other elements of the natural environment
Finding the risk of degenerative disease and infectious disease for different populations of people
Human growth and development
There are not exact boundaries between human biology and regular medical research. However, human biology usually focuses more on health for an entire group of people, and on human evolution, adaptation, and population genetics rather than individual health.
Other websites
Human Biology Association
Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium Series
Branches of biology
Biology
Anthropology
Physical anthropology
Manganese(II) oxide

Manganese(II) oxide is a chemical compound. It contains manganese in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is MnO. It is made by reduction of manganese(IV) oxide by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane. It is also made by heating manganese carbonate.
Related pages
Manganese
Manganese dioxide
Iron(II) oxide
Manganese compounds
Oxides
Blaignac

Blaignac is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde
Sam Kerr

Samantha May Kerr (born 10 September 1993) is an Australian soccer player. She plays for Chelsea in the FA Women's Super League and captains the Australia women's national soccer team (nicknamed the "Matildas"). She is regarded as one of the best female soccer players in the world and one of the most successful Australian athletes of all time. She has also scored more goals in international soccer than any other Australian soccer player.
References
1993 births
Living people
Australian women's soccer players
Australian LGBT people
LGBT sportspeople
Sportspeople from Perth, Western Australia
Shara Nelson

Shara Nelson (born 1965) is an English singer. She is known for singing in the Massive Attack song "Unfinished Sympathy".
1965 births
Living people
Singers from London
Haldenwang

Haldenwang is a municipality in Gunzburg in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Settlements in Gunzburg (district)
Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis Charles-Henri-Maurice Clerel, Viscount de Tocqueville (; ; 29 July 180516 April 1859) was a French diplomat, political scientist and historian. He was best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856).
References
1805 births
1859 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
French historians
French philosophers
Government ministers of France
Political scientists
Political writers
Politicians from Paris
Writers from Paris
Peavy Wagner

Peter "Peavy" Wagner (born December 22, 1964) is a German heavy metal musician. He is the bassist and singer of the Heavy Metal band Rage.
Discography
Under the name Avenger
Prayers of Steel (1985)
Depraved to Black (EP, 1985)
Albums
Reign of Fear (1986)
Execution Guaranteed (1987)
Perfect Man (1988)
Secrets in a Weird World (1989)
Reflections of a Shadow (1990)
Trapped (1992)
The Missing Link (1993)
10 Years in Rage (1994)
Black In Mind (1995)
Lingua Mortis (1996)
End of All Days (1996)
XIII (1998)
Ghosts (1999)
Welcome to the Other Side (2001)
Unity (2002)
Soundchaser (2003)
Speak of the Dead (2006)
Carved in Stone (2008)
EPs
Extended Power (1991)
Beyond the Wall (1992)
Refuge (Japan) (1993)
Higher than the Sky (Japan) (1996)
Live from the Vault (Japan) (1997)
Other
Power of Metal (Live, 1994)
From the Cradle to the Stage (Live, 2004)
Full Moon in St. Petersburg (Live, 2007)
1964 births
Living people
Wagner, Peavy
Nick Xenophon

Nicholas Xenophon (ne Xenophou; 29 January 1959) is an Australian politician. He was a Senator for South Australia from 2008 to 2017. He was the leader of two political parties: Nick Xenophon Team federally, and Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST in South Australia.
Career
In October 2017, Xenophon resigned from the Australian Senate to contest a seat in the House of Assembly at the 2018 South Australian state election.
From 1997 to 2007, he was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council, serving as an independent. When the Nick Xenophon Team changed its name to Centre Alliance, Xenophon himself stopped to be directly involved with the party.
References
1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Adelaide
Members of the Australian Senate
Terminal Tower

Terminal Tower is a skyscraper on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is 52 stories and 235 meters high. When it was first built, it was the second-tallest building in the world. It was the tallest building in the United States outside New York from when it was built in 1930, to 1964.
Cleveland
Andreas Reisinger

Andreas Reisinger (born 14 October 1963) is an Austrian football manager and former player. He played mainly for clubs in Vienna. He also played for the Austrian national football team
Club career
He started his professional career with Wiener Sport-Club in 1983. 1986 he went to SK Rapid Wien. He also spent three seasons with SV Casino Salzburg. In the 1993/1994 season he became Austrian Champion with this club. After that season he moved to Vorwarts Steyr in Upper Austria. At the end of his career he went back to the Wiener Sportclub.
International career
Reisinger made his debut for Austria in an April 1989 friendly match against Czechoslovakia . He was a participant at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
He earned 10 caps, no goals scored. His final international was an October 1990 European Championship qualification match against Yugoslavia.
Manager
From 2005 to June 2011 Reisinger coached the amateurs at SK Rapid Wien. From June 2013 to January 2014 he was a coach at Wiener Viktoria and was replaced by Anton Polster on 14 January 2014. He also managed the Wiener Sport-Club and other clubs in Vienna and Lower Austria.
Honours
Austrian Football Bundesliga (1):
1994
Other websites
Rapid stats - Rapid Archive
References
1963 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1990 FIFA World Cup players
SK Rapid Wien players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Austrian football managers
Floridsdorfer AC managers
Association football midfielders
Leonorilda Ochoa

Leonorilda Ochoa Pagaza (30 October 1937 - 22 May 2016) was a Mexican actress and comedian. She was on movies, television, and theatre productions. She became popular as La Pecas in the sitcom Los Beverly de Peralvillo (1968-1973). She was born in Mexico City. She was in the movies Capulina Speedy Gonzalez (1970), Los Beverly de Peralvillo (1971) and Que familia tan cotorra! (1973). Her last telenovelas were Rubi (2004) and Codigo postal (2006-2007).
Ochoa died of Alzheimer's disease in Mexico City on 22 May 2016, aged 78.
References
Other websites
1937 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican comedians
Actors from Mexico City
Mount Takahe

Mount Takahe is a shield volcano in Antarctica. It's height is above sea level. The volcano is mostly covered by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. People first visited the mountain in 1957. Due to its remote location, it has not been visited often. It has never been climbed, and no one has even tried to climb it. It is named after the takahe, a bird which lives in New Zealand.
References
Volcanoes
Mountains of Antarctica
Joan the Woman

Joan the Woman is a 1916 epic silent movie about Joan of Arc. It was based on the play The Maid of Orleans by Friedrich Schiller. It started Geraldine Farrar and was one of the first ever movies about Joan of Arc.
Silent movies
1916 movies
Peter Bart

Peter Benton Bart (born July 24, 1932) is an American journalist and movie producer. He has worked as a columnist for Deadline Hollywood since 2015. He is best known for being the editor in chief of Variety from 1989 until 2009. Bart was also a co-host of Shootout. Bart was born in New York City.
References
Other websites
Variety.com, Variety'''s official website
Peterbart.com, Bart's blog (redirects to Bart's blog hosted by variety.com; most recent entry - May 21, 2009)
"The Backlot", index to Bart's weekly column for Variety''
1932 births
Living people
Movie producers from New York City
Journalists from New York City
American columnists
American television presenters
Batboat

The Batboat is the fictional waterboat that Batman uses to travel to places on the sea or lakes. The boat was a product from Wayne Enterprises made by Lucius Fox. The boat holds many weapon buttons from Batman can push them to pull out a gadget and use it during and attack. The boat has enough space for two. The boat can also turn in a submarine.
The boat has appeared in Batman, Batman Returns, and in Batman Forever.
References
Batman
Strange Days (The Doors album)

Strange Days is the second studio album by American hard rock band The Doors and was released on 25 September, 1967 through Elektra Records. It went to number 3 in the United States and was the follow up to their self-titled debut album.
Track listing
Original album
All tracks are written by the Doors (Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger, and John Densmore). Details are taken from the 1967 U.S. Elektra release; other releases may show different information.
Reissues
References
1967 albums
The Doors albums
Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia

Nicholas Romanovich Romanov, Prince of Russia (; 26 September 1922 - 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and President of the Romanov Family Association.
Although he is related to the Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House are disputed by those who maintain that his parents' marriage violated the laws of Imperial Russia.
Ancestry
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|1=1. Nicholas Romanovich, Prince of Russia
|2=2. Prince Roman Petrovich of Russia
|3=3. Countess Praskovia Dmitrievna Sheremeteva
|4=4. Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia
|5=5. Princess Milica of Montenegro
|6=6. Count Dmitri Sergeievich Sheremetev
|7=7. Countess Irina Illarionovna Vorontsov-Dashkov
|8=8. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia
|9=9. Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg
|10=10. King Nicholas I of Montenegro
|11=11. Milena Vukotic
|12=12. Count Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev
|13=13. Princess Ekaterina Pavlovna Vyazemskaya
|14=14. Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
|15=15. Countess Elizabeth Andreevna Shuvalov
|16=16. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
|17=17. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
|18=18. Duke Peter of Oldenburg
|19=19. Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg
|20=20. Mirko Petrovic-Njegos
|21=21. Anastasija Martinovic
|22=22. Voivode Petar Vukotic
|23=23. Jelena Voivodic
|24=24. Count Dmitri Nikolaevich Sheremetev
|25=25. Anna Sergeievna Sheremeteva
|26=26. Prince Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky
|27=27. Maria Arkadyevna Stolypina
|28= 28. Count Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
|29= 29. Aleksandra Kirillovna Naryshkina
|30= 30. Count Andrei Pavlovich Shuvalov
|31= 31. Sofia Mikhailovna Vorontsova
}}
References
Other websites
Romanov Family Association
Lunch with the FT: Nicholas Romanov
1922 births
2014 deaths
People from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
House of Romanov
Nemertea

Nemertea is a phylum of invertebrate animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms. Most of the 1,400 or so species are marine, with a few living in fresh water and a small number of terrestrial forms. They live in all marine habitats, and throughout the world's oceans. Alternative spellings for the phylum have included Nemertini and Nemertinea. Rhynchocoela is a name used primarily in North America but gradually abandoned since the 1980s.
Anatomy
Nemertean worms are long, thin, animals without segments. They have no true head, although the anterior end is often slightly wider than the body. They are distinguished by the presence of an eversible proboscis. This is kept inside the body, but pushed out to catch prey.
Nemerteans collect food with their proboscis, which is closely associated with the digestive system. At rest, the proboscis is inside a long tube that may take up a considerable portion of the worm's length, lying just above the gut. It is attached to the posterior end of this tube by a muscle that pulls it back inside after feeding. At the anterior end, the tube opens into a small cavity close to the brain, and then to the outside through a pore at the anterior tip of the animal.
Length
Nemerteans range in size from 5mm (0.2 in) to over 30 m (100 ft) long in the case of the European Lineus longissimus, with most species being 20 cm (8 in) or less. There are reports of specimens up to 50 or 60m long, which would make it the longest animal in the world. The longest animal on record is a female blue whale, 29.9m long.
References
Minor phyla
Invertebrates
Bouée

Bouee is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
Jefferson salamander

The Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) is a mole salamander. They live in northeastern United States, southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.
It is usually dark gray, brown or black. Others can have silver or blue spots on their sides. These salamanders are very skinny with a wide nose and long toes. They can reach up to 11 to 18 cm.
Like other mole salamanders, the Jefferson salamander burrows. They have lungs that helps them to dig. They are only active at night. They are only active in the day when its mating season. They will breed in early spring after snow has melted in their area.
References
Other websites
Environment Canada - Species at Risk: Jefferson Salamander
Amphibians of Canada: Jefferson salamander
US Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Jefferson Salamander
Ohio History Central: Jefferson Salamander
Jefferson Salamander species account and conservation status
Salamanders
Animals of North America
A Free Soul

A Free Soul is a 1931 American drama movie directed by Clarence Brown and based on the 1927 novel of the same name by Adela Rogers St. Johns. It stars Lionel Barrymore, Norma Shearer, Leslie Howard, Clark Gable, Lucy Beaumont and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1931.
Other websites
1931 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies based on books
MGM movies
Movies directed by Clarence Brown
Movies about alcoholism
Fistula

The word fistula comes from a Latin word that means tube or pipe. In medicine, a fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces. This can be blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery. But they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but doctors may create fistulas by surgery for medical reasons.
Treatment
Treatment for fistula depends on the reason for the fistula and on how serious it is. Doctors often treat fistula with surgery and antibiotics. The first step in treating a fistula is usually an examination by a doctor. The doctor determines the size and "path" that the fistula takes in the body.
Types of fistula
Rectovaginal fistula between the rectum and vagina.
Obstetric fistula between either the rectum and vagina or the rectum and bladder after severe or failed childbirth, when adequate medical care is not available.
Vesicovaginal fistula - a type of urogenital fistula (between the vagina and bladder)
References
Symptoms
Moncé-en-Belin

Monce-en-Belin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
César (footballer, born 1974)

Cesar Aparecido Rodrigues (born 24 October 1974) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Sao Caetano||Serie B||17||0||||||||||17||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Serie A||31||8||||||||||31||8
|-
|2001||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Lazio||rowspan="5"|Serie A||15||0||3||1||3||0||21||1
|-
|2002/03||26||3||1||0||9||1||36||4
|-
|2003/04||14||6||5||1||1||1||20||8
|-
|2004/05||20||3||2||0||4||1||26||4
|-
|2005/06||11||1||0||0||4||0||15||1
|-
|2005/06||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||8||1||3||0||2||0||13||1
|-
|2006||Corinthians Paulista||Serie A||13||1||||||3||0||16||1
|-
|2006/07||Livorno||Serie A||9||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2007/08||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||17||1||6||1||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2008/09||Bologna||Serie A||6||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2009/10||Pescina Valle del Giovenco||LP Prima Divisione||||||||||||||||
61||9||||||3||0||64||9
126||16||21||3||23||3||170||22
187||25||21||3||26||3||134||31
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
References
1974 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Peter Norman

Peter George Norman (15 June 1942 - 3 October 2006) was an Australian track and field athlete. He won the silver medal in the 200 metre sprint at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. Also at the 1968 Olympics, Norman supported African-American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos in their Black Power salute. He also wore an Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) badge as he stood on the podium with Smith and Carlos. Norman's act has been praised but afterwards his career suffered. He was not chosen for the 1972 Summer Olympics and soon retired. He was coached by Neville Sillitoe. The House of Representatives gave an official apology for this in October 2012.
Norman was born in Coburg, Victoria. He was twice married and had four children. He died of a heart attack on 3 October 2006 in Melbourne. He was 64.
References
Other websites
Peter Norman at Sports-Reference.com
1942 births
2006 deaths
Australian Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Australian sprinters
Rebecca Ferguson

Rebecca Louisa Ferguson Sundstrom (born 19 October 1983) is a Swedish actress and model. She is known for her role as Elizabeth Woodville in the British television miniseries The White Queen (2013).
Ferguson starred as MI6 agent Ilsa Faust in the action spy movies Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation (2015) and its sequel Mission: Impossible - Fallout (2018). She played Jenny Lind in the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), and also starred in the comedy-drama Florence Foster Jenkins (2016).
References
1983 births
Living people
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
Swedish television actors
Swedish voice actors
Actors from Stockholm
Béchamel sauce

Bechamel sauce ( in English, in French, in Italian), also known as white sauce, is a basic mother sauce. It can be used to make other sauces, such as Mornay sauce, which is Bechamel and cheese. This basic sauce is usually made today by whisking scalded milk gradually into a white flour-butter roux (equal part clarified butter and flour), though it can also be made by whisking a kneaded flour-butter beurre manie into scalded milk. The thickness of the final sauce depends on the proportions of milk and flour. Escoffier adds salt and an onion stuck with a clove.
It is named after Louis de Bechamel.
References
Dishes named after people
Mother sauces