pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cedar Point

Cedar Point is an amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. It opened in 1870. It is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the United States.
References
Other websites
Official website
2014 park map
Cedar Point at the Roller Coaster DataBase
Cedar Point Brochures & Park Guides
Theme parks in the United States
1870 establishments in Ohio
List of American anime companies

Distributors
North America & other regions
Animation International
AnimEigo (U.S.)
Digital Media Rights (U.S.)
RetroCrush (U.S.)
Discotek Media (U.S.)
Disney (U.S.)
Hulu (U.S.; fully controlled and majority-owned by)
Eleven Arts (U.S., movies only)
Funimation (U.S.)
GKIDS (U.S., movies only)
Konami Cross Media NY (U.S.) (formerly known as 4Kids Productions and 4K Media Inc.; 4Kids Productions shut down in 2012 by 4Kids Entertainment, acquired by Konami and rebranded as 4K Media from 2012-2019).
Miramax (U.S., previously owned by Disney until 2010 when it was acquired by Filmyard Holdings)
Manga Entertainment (UK, U.S.: Established as L.A. Hero in 1990, brought by Island World Communications in late 1994 and renamed Manga Entertainment in 1995, bought by Anchor Bay Entertainment in 2005, later bought by Lionsgate in 2016)
Media Blasters (U.S.)
Netflix (International)
NIS America (U.S., American subsidiary of Nippon Ichi Software )
Paramount
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
VeggieTales (with the Japanese studio Big Idea, sale to Anime stores only by 2029/30-2048, 2049 and beyond)
Ponycan USA (U.S., American subsidiary of Pony Canyon)
Right Stuf Inc. (U.S., main distribution subdivision is "Nozomi Entertainment" as of 2007)
Saban Brands (U.S.)
Sentai Filmworks (U.S.)
Shinca Entertainment (U.S.)
Shout! Factory (U.S.)
Sony (International)
Aniplex of America (U.S., American subsidiary of Aniplex owned by Sony Music Entertainment Japan)
Crunchyroll (U.S.)
Sony Pictures Television International/Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (International)
Sony / WarnerMedia (U.S.)
Warner Bros. Television (U.S.)
Viz Media (U.S., owned jointly by Shogakukan and Shueisha of Japan, run independently)
American animation studios
Kenichi Fukui

Kenichi Fukui (October 4, 1918-January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. He won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Early life
Fukui was the oldest of three sons of Ryokichi Fukui, who was a merchant. He was born in Nara, Japan.
He graduated from Kyoto Imperial University in 1941.
Career
Fukui worked at the Army Fuel Laboratory of Japan during World War II.{
In 1943, he was appointed a lecturer in fuel chemistry at Kyoto Imperial University.
He was professor of physical chemistry at Kyoto University from 1951 to 1982.
He was president of the Kyoto Institute of Technology between 1982 and 1988.
Fukui shared the 1981 Nobel Prize with Roald Hoffmann. Fukui and Hoffmann worked separately on the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Fukui explained in his Nobel lecture that,
"It is only after the remarkable appearance of the brilliant work by Woodward and Hoffmann that I have become fully aware that not only the density distribution but also the nodal property of the particular orbitals have significance in such a wide variety of chemical reactions."
Honors
Japan Academy Medal, 1962
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1981
Order of Culture, 1981
Order of the Rising Sun, Grand Cordon, 1988
Royal Society (UK), foreign member, 1989
Related pages
List of Nobel Prize winners by country
References
1918 births
1998 deaths
Japanese chemists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
People from Nara Prefecture
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
Kyoto University alumni
Kyoto University faculty
Kyle Busch

Kyle Thomas Busch (born May 2, 1985) is a NASCAR race car driver. Busch races in the Monster Energy Cup, Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series. Kyle's brother, Kurt Busch also races in the Sprint Cup series.
Busch won his 100th NASCAR race on July 17, 2011. He is only the third driver in NASCAR history to do this. The other two drivers are Richard Petty with 200 wins, and David Pearson with 106 wins. With over 50 wins in the Nationwide series, Busch has more wins than any other driver in that series. At the end of the 2015 Sprint Cup Series, Kyle Busch won his first Sprint Cup Series Championship.
As of December 9th 2019 he is the WWE 24/7 Champion after pinning R-Truth.
References
1985 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Las Vegas
Greenfield, New Hampshire

Greenfield is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
Radio Disney

Radio Disney was an American radio network based in Dallas, Texas, in the United States broadcasting music and other content targeted at children and young teenagers. It is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. They closed in 2021.
Stations
KRDC, 1110 AM, Los Angeles
Sources
Radio stations in the United States
The Walt Disney Company
Dallas
Companies based in Texas
Defunct companies of the United States
Stow Maries

Stow Maries is a village and civil parish in Maldon District, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 199 people living in Stow Maries.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Ferrette

Ferrette is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Communes in Haut-Rhin
Sky1

Sky1 is a British television channel. It is the oldest satellite television channel in the world.
History
The channel was launched on 26 April 1982 in Norway and Finland as Satellite Television Ltd and was available to around 700,000 homes. The channel offered premium programming not avaliable to other free channels.
The channel was launched on 27 June 1983 in the United Kingdom and was later renamed Sky Channel on 16 January 1984.
The main airing times during the 1984 to 1989 era were 4:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. in the UK and 5:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. in the western region.
Sky1 was renamed again in 2008.
Related pages
List of programmes broadcast by Sky1
References
British television channels
British Sky Broadcasting
Cob

Cob or COB may mean:
Animals
Cob (horse), a small sturdy horse or large pony
Cob, an adult male swan
Cob, a gull
Cob, an old English word for a spider, sometimes still used for an orb-weaver spider
Parts of plants
Corncob, the inside of an ear of maize (corn) on which the kernels grow
Cob or cob nut, another name for a hazelnut
Materials and objects
Cob (material), a building material for making walls using compacted clay, sand and straw
Cob or cobbing board, a wooden instrument used for punishment: see Paddle (spanking)
Cob, Spanish gold and silver coins that were irregularly shaped and crudely struck: see Spanish dollar
Cob (bread), a crusty bread roll shaped like a squashed ball, commonly used in the English Midlands
Geographical objects
The Cob, a seawall in Porthmadog, Wales
The Cob, a seawall in Malltraeth, Anglesey, Wales
Kingsley Castle, also known as Castle Cob, a medieval motte in Kingsley, Cheshire, England
People
Cob Stenham (born 1932), English business executive
Acronyms
Bolivian Workers' Center, Central Obrera Boliviana in Spanish
Brazilian Olympic Committee, Comite Olimpico Brasileiro in Portuguese
Brazilian Workers Confederation, Confederacao Operaria Brasileira in Portuguese
Center of balance (disambiguation), multiple meanings
Central Obrera Boliviana, a federation of labor unions in Bolivia
Cercle Olympique de Bamako, a Malian football team
Chairman of the board
Chief of the Boat, the most senior enlisted crewperson on United States Navy submarines
Children of Bodom, a Finnish metal band
Chip on board, method of directly mounting semiconductors on printed circuit boards or substrates
Church of the Brethren, an American religious denomination of German origin
Church Office Building, headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Clerk, Clerk of the Board, of an organizational board or committee
Close of Business, the formal end of the day in financial markets or offices
College of The Bahamas, the national public institution of higher education
Company of Biologists, a UK charity that publishes scientific journals
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing, an algorithm
Continent-ocean boundary, the boundary between oceanic and continental crust on a passive margin
Contingency Operating Base, a US military term, a forward operating base
Continuity of Business, an acronym sometimes used in conjunction with Disaster Recovery
Corn, Oats and Barley, a grain mix fed to horses and other livestock: see equine nutrition
Creature Object, a simple programming language for the game Creatures (artificial life program)
Crew overboard, in boating: see Man overboard
Codes
cob, the ISO 639-3 code for the Chicomuceltec language of Mexico and Guatemala
COB, a country code for the Republic of the Congo that is no longer used
COB, the station code for Cooden Beach railway station, Bexhill-on-Sea, United Kingdom
Related pages
Cobb (disambiguation)
Kob, an antelope
2015 Chapel Hill shooting

The 2015 Chapel Hill shooting was an incident that happened on February 10, 2015 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Three Muslim college students were shot dead. Their neighbor Craig Stephen Hicks was arrested for it. Families of the victims called it a hate crime.
History
Police do not know why Hicks might have done it. Police in Chapel Hill say Hicks had argued with the victims over parking spaces before. Neighbors said Hicks was obsessed over people parking in his space. His Facebook page says he supports "Atheists for Equality" and blamed "radical Christians and radical Muslims" for causing problems in the world.
The FBI was called in to help the local police. They also started an investigation to see if any federal laws have been broken. Federal officials did not find any evidence it was a hate crime. On 12 June 2019, Hicks pleaded guilty to the shooting. He was sentenced to spend the rest of his life in prison. He was not convicted of any hate crime.
References
2015 murders in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
2010s in North Carolina
Banshee

In Celtic mythology, a Banshee is a female spirit, who usually announces that a person from the family will die soon. The word is from bean si, which literally means woman from the hills. An older spelling is bean sidhe. Bean sith, and bean-nighe are variants.
Legendary creatures
Celtic peoples
Villepot

Villepot is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Communes in Loire-Atlantique
COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

In February and March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, health authorities in Poland began laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, one of the seven known human coronaviruses, as well as home quarantining and monitoring.
Cases
The first case of a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland was that of a man hospitalized in Zielona Gora, with confirmation announced officially on 4 March 2020.
The local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland was declared to the World Health Organization on 10 March.
The first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 56-year-old woman on 12 March.
European help
Polish authorities did not take part in the 28 February 2020 European Union procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, in which 20 other member states participated. Poland applied on 6 March for the 17 March tender for the purchase of gloves, goggles, face shields, surgical masks and protective clothing.
Numbers
, there were 16,921 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 839 deaths, and 6131 recoveries.
Response
Lockdown-type control measures started on 10-12 March, closing schools and university classes and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March. It limited non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and did not allow any non-essential travel.
Deaths
Death counts initially only included deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Starting on 1 April 2020, deaths that were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 were also considered as COVID-19 deaths. , people in Poland who died in quarantine from suspected COVID-19 were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in their autopsy.
Testing and lockdown
, there were 269,307 people under quarantine for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and 42,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests had been made since the beginning of testing. The lockdown restrictions were tightened starting on 31 March-1 April, making individuals walking in streets to be separated by two metres, closing parks, boulevards, beaches, hairdressers and beauty salons.
References
2020s in Poland
Poland
Lewis County

Lewis County can be any of the following counties in the United States:
Lewis County, Idaho
Lewis County, Kentucky
Lewis County, Missouri
Lewis County, New York
Lewis County, Tennessee
Lewis County, Washington
Lewis County, West Virginia
Related pages
Lewis and Clark County, Montana
Kaskaskia

The Kaskaskia were one of the Native American tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands. They were one of about a dozen cognate tribes that made up the Illiniwek Confederation (also called the Illinois Confederation). They mostly lived in the Great Lakes region. Their first contact with Europeans happened in 1667 near present-day Green Bay, Wisconsin at a Jesuit mission station.
The descendants of the Kaskaskia, along with the Wea and Piankeshaw, are in the Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. That means they are a federally recognized tribe in Oklahoma.
References
Other websites
Kaskaskia entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia
Lenville J. Stelle, Inoca Ethnohistory Project: Eye Witness Descriptions of the Contact Generation, 1667 - 1700
Native Americans
Clement Bowman

Clement "Clem" Willis Bowman, C.M., PhD., P.Eng., HCIC, FCAE (January 7, 1930 - October 7, 2021) was a Canadian chemical engineer. He was the founding chairperson of the Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority. He was honored with the Order of Canada and the Global Energy Prize. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. From 2005 to 2015, he chaired the Energy Pathways Task Force for the Canadian Academy of Engineering.
Bowman died on October 7, 2021 in Sarnia, Ontario at the age of 91.
References
1930 births
2021 deaths
Canadian engineers
Canadian businesspeople
People from Toronto
Chemical engineers
Mental gland

A mental gland is a part of the body of amphibians and reptiles. Mental glands make chemicals that animals use to talk to each other.
Place
There are two mental glands, one on each side of the head. They are behind the jawbone.
Function
Mental glands make chemicals that come out through the skin. These chemicals help the animal tell when another animal is the same or a different species from them. These chemicals also helps them choose mates.
Scientists have seen turtles bob their heads up and down when they see another turtle. Scientists believe bobbing the head up and down helps the chemicals from the mental glands go through the air to the other turtle. Scientists have seen salamanders move when they see another salamander. For example, they snap their jaws. Only salamanders that have mental glands do this, so scientists believe they also spread the chemicals through the air.
Origins and evolution
Not all reptiles and amphibians have mental glands. Some species in the same family have mental glands and others do not.
In 2021, one team of scientists found that most turtles that have mental glands live in the water. They wanted to know if different turtles got mental glands separately or if one ancestor turtle got mental glands. They found that mental glands happened just once in turtles, in the ancestor of the family Testudinoidea. Then some of the species that came from this ancestor kept their glands and some lost them. They believe that all turtles that have mental glands develop them from the same tissue.
References
Glands
Reptiles
Amphibians
Animal anatomy
Surface-to-air missile

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a type of missile that is launched from ground or from a ship to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of Anti-aircraft warfare.
References
Other websites
Rest-of-World Missile Systems
Missiles
Arrondissement of Poitiers

The arrondissement of Poitiers is an arrondissement of France, in the Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Poitiers.
History
When the Vienne department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Poitiers was part of that original department.
Geography
The arrondissement of Poitiers is in western Vienne and is bordered to the north and northeast by the arrondissement Chatellerault, to east and south by the arrondissement Montmorillon, and to the west by the Deux-Sevres department.
It has an area of . It has 246,038 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km2. It is the arrondissement of Vienne with more people living in it but is the one with the smallest area.
Composition
Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.
In the arrondissement of Poitiers, there are 8 cantons whose communes are in the arrondissement: Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Migne-Auxances, Poitiers-1, Poitiers-2, Poitiers-3, Poitiers-4, Poitiers-5, Vivonne and Vouneuil-sous-Biard. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and arrondissements:
Communes
The arrondissement of Poitiers has 87 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes):
Amberre (86002)
Aslonnes (86010)
Avanton (86016)
Ayron (86017)
Benassay (86021)
Biard (86027)
Bignoux (86028)
Blaslay (86030)
Bonnes (86031)
Buxerolles (86041)
Beruges (86024)
Celle-Levescault (86045)
Chabournay (86048)
Chalandray (86050)
Champigny-le-Sec (86053)
Charrais (86060)
Chasseneuil-du-Poitou (86062)
Cheneche (86071)
Cherves (86073)
Chire-en-Montreuil (86074)
Chateau-Larcher (86065)
Cisse (86076)
Cloue (86080)
Coulombiers (86083)
Croutelle (86088)
Cuhon (86089)
Curzay-sur-Vonne (86091)
Dienne (86094)
Dissay (86095)
Fleure (86099)
Fontaine-le-Comte (86100)
Frozes (86102)
Gizay (86105)
Iteuil (86113)
Jardres (86114)
Jaunay-Clan (86115)
Jazeneuil (86116)
La Chapelle-Montreuil (86056)
La Chapelle-Mouliere (86058)
La Villedieu-du-Clain (86290)
Latille (86121)
Lavausseau (86123)
Lavoux (86124)
Le Rochereau (86208)
Liguge (86133)
Liniers (86135)
Lusignan (86139)
Maille (86142)
Maisonneuve (86144)
Marigny-Brizay (86146)
Marigny-Chemereau (86147)
Marnay (86148)
Marcay (86145)
Massognes (86150)
Mignaloux-Beauvoir (86157)
Migne-Auxances (86158)
Mirebeau (86160)
Montamise (86163)
Montreuil-Bonnin (86166)
Neuville-de-Poitou (86177)
Nieuil-l'Espoir (86178)
Nouaille-Maupertuis (86180)
Poitiers (86194)
Pouille (86198)
Quincay (86204)
Roches-Premarie-Andille (86209)
Rouille (86213)
Saint-Benoit (86214)
Saint-Cyr (86219)
Saint-Georges-les-Baillargeaux (86222)
Saint-Julien-l'Ars (86226)
Saint-Sauvant (86244)
Sanxay (86253)
Savigny-Levescault (86256)
Smarves (86263)
Sevres-Anxaumont (86261)
Terce (86268)
Thurageau (86271)
Varennes (86277)
Vendeuvre-du-Poitou (86281)
Vernon (86284)
Villiers (86292)
Vivonne (86293)
Vouille (86294)
Vouneuil-sous-Biard (86297)
Vouzailles (86299)
Yversay (86300)
Related pages
Arrondissements of the Vienne department
List of arrondissements of France
References
Poitiers
Ronchères, Yonne

Roncheres is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.
References
INSEE
Communes in Yonne
Sudbury, London

Sudbury is a suburb in the London Borough of Brent, in northwest London. Sudbury is formed of Wembley (western part) and is centred around 0.6 miles (1 km) west of Wembley Central railway station.
Transport
Underground
Sudbury Town Station, on the Piccadilly line
Sudbury Hill Station, on the Piccadilly line
Rail
On Chiltern Railways there are two stations:
Sudbury & Harrow Road Station
Sudbury Hill Harrow Station
Areas of London
London Borough of Brent
Nandalar River

The Nandalar River is a river flowing between Tiruvarur district and Nagappattinam district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It act as a border line for Thiruvarur and Nagappattinam Districts. Nandalar is a branch of River Cauvery. Nandalar river split from Cauvery near Kumbakonam.It drained in Bay of Bengal between Chandrapadi and Tharangambadi.
References
Rivers of Tamil Nadu
Rivers of Puducherry
Wojciech Krzemiński

Wojciech Krzeminski (20 May 1933-5 August 2017) was a Polish astronomer and a retired professor of Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of Polish Academy of Sciences. He worked many years for the Carnegie Institution for Science Observatories. Krzeminski also discovered the optical companion of X-ray pulsar Centaurus X-3, which was named Krzeminski's Star in his honor.
He was also one of the first astronomers who correctly interpreted the nature of polar stars like AM Herculis.
Krzeminski died on 5 August 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 84.
References
1933 births
2017 deaths
Polish scientists
Astronomers
Polish academics
People from Warsaw
British Rail 11104

British Railways' 11104 locomotive was built by F. C. Hibberd & Co Ltd and introduced by British Railways in 1959.
11104
B locomotives
Individual locomotives
Nehebkau

In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelled Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) guarded the entrance to Duat, the Egyptian underworld. He was made up of Ka and Ba, the two parts of the soul. He is pictured as a snake with two heads. Atum was said to have to keep his finger on Nehebkau to keep him from being out of control. Since he was a snake, he was believed to heal those bitten by snakes and/or scorpions.
Egyptian mythology
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Mark Carney

Mark Joseph Carney (born March 16, 1965) is a Canadian-born British-Irish economist and banker. He was the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013 until 2020 and was Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018.
References
1965 births
Living people
Canadian writers
Irish writers
British economists
Basic reproduction number

A very important number for describing whether a disease can become an epidemic or not is R0, pronounced "R naught" or "R zero". It refers to how many people a person who has this disease is expected to infect on average if there are no people immune to the disease. It is an abbreviation for basic reproduction number.
If R0 > 1, a disease can become an epidemic. If R0 < 1, it cannot. Most commonly known diseases have R0 > 1. However, vaccines can be used to make enough people immune in a population to stop epidemics from happening. We can also use other measures to make the effective reproduction rate (Re, usually written Rt with t for time) lower than the basic reproduction rate (R0).
An example of a vaccine that works really well is the smallpox vaccine, which stopped smallpox virus from spreading so well that it no longer exists except in laboratories. Examples of making the effective reproduction rate lower than the basic reproduction rate are using condoms to stop sexually transmitted diseases from spreading or not getting close to others (physical distancing, often called social distancing) to stop respiratory diseases from spreading.
Related pages
SIR model
Epidemiology
Infectious diseases
Statistics
References
Love and Death

Love and Death is a 1975 American comedy movie directed by Woody Allen (who also starred) and starring Diane Keaton, James Tolkan, Harold Gould, Zvee Scooler, Aubrey Morris, Jessica Harper. It was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1975 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Movies directed by Woody Allen
Movies set in the 1810s
Movies set in the 19th century
Movies set in Russia
Wythe County, Virginia

Wythe County is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 28,290 people lived there. Its county seat is Wytheville.
References
Virginia counties
Viken (county)

Viken is a county in Norway. It was created on 1 January 2020 from the former counties of Akershus, Buskerud and Ostfold.
2020 establishments in Norway
Counties of Norway
Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren

Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren is a commune of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement in the southwestern part of France.
Autevielle-Saint-Martin-Bideren
Rochester Cathedral

Rochester Cathedral is a Norman church in Rochester, Kent, and the cathedral of the Anglican diocese of Rochester. It was originally founded in 604 AD, and rebuilt by the Normans. The present church was consecrated in 1130. It became a place of pilgrimage after William of Perth was murdered nearby in 1201.
References
Other websites
Official website of Rochester Cathedral
A history of the King's School and of the choristers of Rochester Cathedral
Anglican cathedrals in England
Buildings and structures in Kent
12th-century buildings and structures
Socialist Workers Party (United States)

The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) is known as a communist party in the United States. It started as a group in the Communist Party USA that supported Leon Trotsky against Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. They are known as "solidarity work" and support strikes and is strongly supportive of Cuba.
The SWP publishes The Militant, a weekly newspaper that dates back to 1928. It also maintains Pathfinder Press.
Other websites
The Militant homepage
Pathfinder Press homepage
James P. Cannon Internet Archive. Marxists Internet Archive.
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera. Includes ephemera produced by the SWP.
Catalogue of the SWP publications within Tony Whelan's papers. Held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick.
Political parties in the United States
1986 State of the Union Address

The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term.
Reagan was the only president to have postponed his State of the Union Address. On January 28, 1986, he planned to give his address, but after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, he postponed it for a week and addressed the nation on the day's events. This was the only time that the State of the Union address had to be postponed because of an event.
The speech lasted for about 31 minutes and had 3,514 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television.
The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator George Mitchell (ME), Lt. Gov. Harriett Woods (MO), Gov. Charles Robb (VA), Rep. Thomas Daschle (SD) and Rep. William Gray (PA)
References
Other websites
(full transcript), The American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara.
(full video), Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia.
1986 in the United States
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
February events
1980s in Washington, D.C.
This Is What You Came For

"This Is What You Came For" is a song written and produced by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris. It features Rihanna. The song was released on May 1, 2016, via digital outlets. The song has reached number one in Canada and Australia, number two in the United Kingdom, and the top five in the United States. In the U.S., "This Is What You Came For" entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number nine. It later reached number three there and was certified triple-Platinum by the RIAA. The song is Rihanna's 28th top-ten song in the U.S. The song reached number 17 on the year-end Hot 100 of 2016 in the US.
Harris' ex-girlfriend, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, co-wrote the song under the name Nils Sjoberg. BMI, which publishes a list of songwriting credits, changed the name to Swift's real name.
Music video
The music video for the song was released at midnight (Eastern daylight time) on June 17, 2016. It shows Rihanna wearing a black ponytail and a large gray sweater. She dances inside of a white cube with changing backgrounds. The scenes of fields are similar to those that are in the music video for "We Found Love", which is also a collaboration between Rihanna and Harris. Some critics viewed the changing colors and cube background to be similar to the music video for Canadian rapper Drake's 2015 single "Hotline Bling".
The music video won the award for Best Male Video at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2016.
References
2016 songs
Calvin Harris songs
Dance songs
Rihanna songs
World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association

The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) is the governing body of professional snooker and English billiards. It owns and sets the official rules of the two sports and engages in promotional activities on behalf of the sports. It was founded in 1968 and based in Bristol, the United Kingdom,
The WPBSA is the governing body for cue sports, specifically that of snooker, pool, and billiards.
The WPBSA has a number of associated organisations, including World Snooker, World Billiards, World Women's Snooker and World Disability Billiards and Snooker.
The WPBSA head office is based in Bristol, England. Jason Ferguson is WPBSA chairman. The organisation also determines the rules and regulations of snooker and English billiards, including disciplinary matters.
References
Other websites
World Professional Billiards & Snooker Association (WPBSA) Official website
World Snooker Official webs
World Billiards Official website
World Disability Billiards & Snooker Official website
World Women's Snooker Official website
Billiards and Snooker organizations
Nitrile

A nitrile is a chemical compound with a -C=N functional group. It smells like a fruit, and can be a type of poison.
Functional groups
Alex Hawkins

Clifton Alexander "Alex" Hawkins (July 2, 1937 - September 12, 2017) was a retired American football player. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts and Atlanta Falcons. He was known as a special teams player. He was a co-captain with the Colts. He was born in Welch, West Virginia.
Hawkins died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 12, 2017 in Columbia, South Carolina at the age of 80.
References
Other websites
Football stats at Pro-football reference.com
1937 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in South Carolina
Indianapolis Colts players
Atlanta Falcons players
Sportspeople from West Virginia
Sportspeople from South Carolina
Rain (The Beatles song)

"Rain" is a 1966 song by The Beatles. It is the B-side to Paperback Writer. It was recorded during the sessions of their seventh studio album Revolver although neither track appeared on the album. It went to number 12 in Belgium and number 23 in the United States.
References
The Beatles songs
1966 songs
Pratt, Kansas

Pratt is a city in Pratt County, Kansas, United States. It is the county seat of Pratt County. In 2010, 6,835 people lived there. Pratt has the Pratt Community College.
History
19th century
Pratt was created in 1884. It was named after Caleb S. Pratt. He was a young Civil War officer from the Kansas Infantry. He was killed in the Battle of Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri. The first post office in Pratt was created in June 1884.
In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad from Herington to Pratt.
Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that, is land and is water. Pratt is about eighty miles west of Wichita.
Climate
People
2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 6,835 people, 2,837 households, and 1,713 families living in Pratt.
Media
Newspaper
Pratt has the Pratt Tribune.
Education
Public schools
Pratt is served by Unified School District 382 and Unified School District 438.
Pratt High School (grades 9-12)
Skyline High School (grades K-12)
Liberty Middle School (grades 5-8)
Southwest Elementary School (grades PreK-4)
Haskins Elementary School & Bridges to Learning (grades K-4)
Colleges
Pratt Community College.
Transportation
There are daily buses. They go east towards Wichita, Kansas and west towards Pueblo, Colorado. The buses are by BeeLine Express (subcontractor of Greyhound Lines).
References
Other websites
City
City of Pratt
Pratt - Directory of Public Officials
Pratt Chamber of Commerce
Schools
USD 382, local school district
Pratt Community College Website
Historical
Pratt history
Maps
Pratt City Map, KDOT
Cities in Pratt County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Iapetus Ocean

The Iapetus Ocean existed in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The ocean was in the southern hemisphere, between three paleocontinents. The ocean disappeared when these three continents joined to form one big landmass. That large continent has been given various names, such as Laurussia or the Old Red Sandstone continent. Probably the best name is Euramerica, because basically it was American and Europe stuck together.
The Iapetus Ocean was between continental masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It was a kind of precursor of the Atlantic.
At the start of the 19th century, American paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites either side of the line which later was called the Iapetus Suture.
The so called "Pacific fauna" of Laurentia, as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland, was quite different from those of Baltica, often called the "Atlantic fauna". The latter is found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland. Geologists of the early 20th century thought a large trough, a so-called geosyncline, had existed between Scotland and England in the early Paleozoic, keeping both sides separated.
With the development of plate tectonics in the 1960s geologists concluded the Atlantic Ocean must have had a precursor before the time of Pangaea. That ocean had closed as three continents joined, producing the Iapetus Suture.
Line of the suture
The Iapetus suture runs where the Iapetus Ocean was before.
In Great Britain the suture runs pretty much along the border between England and Scotland. On the east it runs through Lindisfarne, on the west through the Solway Firth.
On the Isle of Man it is the Niarbyl Fault, which is an exposed section of the suture.
On Ireland the suture runs from the east coast at Clogherhead in County Louth to the estuary of the River Shannon on the west.
In Canada, it runs through Newfoundland and New Brunswick.
In the United States the suture runs through the north-eastern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
There are other suture lines caused by the collision of continents in the run-up to Pangaea, but the Iapetus is the main one.
References
Geology
History of the British Isles
History of North America
Jerry Kindall

Gerald Donald Kindall (May 27, 1935 - December 24, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. Kindall played second base in the major leagues from 1956 to 1965 for the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians and Minnesota Twins. He was the former baseball coach of the NCAA's Arizona Wildcats.
Kindall died on December 24, 2017 of a stroke in Tucson, Arizona at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Bio from Cool of the Evening: The 1965 Minnesota Twins
Retrosheet
1935 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Minnesota Twins players
Sportspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Crawfordville

Crawfordville may refer to two United States locations:
Crawfordville, Florida
Crawfordville, Georgia
Related pages
Crawfordsville
Pashtunistan

Pashtunistan (, Paxtunistan or Pukhtunistan, meaning the "land of Pashtuns") means the region where the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan lived.
References
Politics of Afghanistan
Maka Bochorishvili

Maka Bochorishvili (born 15 August 1978) is a Georgian diplomat and politician, Member of Georgian Dream. She is a Member of Parliament of Georgia since 2020.
References
1978 births
Members of the Parliament of Georgia
Politicians from Tbilisi
Living people
We Came to Kill

We Came to Kill is the second album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.
1997 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Zohra Sehgal

Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan (Sahibzadi Zohra Begum Mumtaz-ullah Khan; 27 April 1912 - 10 July 2014), was better known by her stage name Zohra Sehgal. She was an Indian actress and choreographer. Sehgal started her career as dancer with Uday Shankar in 1935. She also worked with him for the next eight years.
She has been in many Bollywood movies as a character actor. She has also been in English language movies and television shows. She has appeared in Bhaji on the Beach (1992), The Mystic Masseur (2001), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Dil Se.. (1998) and Cheeni Kum (2007), The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Tandoori Nights (1985-87), Amma and Family (1996). She retired in 2007.
Sehgal was born in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh in 1912. She grew up in an aristocratic Muslim family. She received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor, in 2010. She described herself as an agnostic, having been an atheist in her youth.
Sehgal died in a hospital in New Delhi from cardiac arrest caused by pneumonia on 10 July 2014 at the age of 102.
References
Other websites
1912 births
2014 deaths
Agnostics
Indian centenarians
Indian choreographers
Indian movie actors
Indian stage actors
Indian television actors
Actors from Uttar Pradesh
New Hampshire House of Representatives

The New Hampshire House of Representatives is the lower house in the New Hampshire General Court. It has 400 members from 204 legislative districts from all over the state. These were made from divisions of the state's counties. On average, each legislator represents about 3,300 residents. That is the largest lower house representative-to-population ratio in the country.
New Hampshire has the biggest lower house of any U.S. state. The second-biggest, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, has 203 members. The House is the fourth-biggest lower house in the English-speaking world (the first three are the 435-member United States House of Representatives, 543-member Lok Sabha of India, and 650-member House of Commons of the United Kingdom).
Districts have different seat amounts based on their populations. In districts that elect more than one member, voters are allowed to vote for as many people as there are seats to be filled. This system of plurality block voting often ends in one party winning all of the seats in the district.
The House of Representatives has been in Representatives Hall of the New Hampshire State House since 1819. Representatives Hall is the oldest chamber in the United States still being used by a government.
References
State lower houses in the United States
Music Box (Mariah Carey album)

Music Box is the third album by American singer Mariah Carey. It was released on August 31, 1993.
Track listing
International edition
Latin American edition
Charts and certifications
Charts
Year-end charts
End of decade charts
All time charts
Certifications
Singles
References
Mariah Carey albums
1993 albums
Pop albums
Pop soul albums
R&B albums
Fallon County, Montana

Fallon County is a county found in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,890 people. Its county seat is Baker.
References
1913 establishments in Montana
Montana counties
Melissa Francis

Melissa Ann Francis (born December 12, 1972) is an American television news personality.
Works
Francis has been as an anchor and commentator for the Fox Business Network and Fox News. She used to work as an actress.
References
1972 births
Living people
American television personalities
Russian Census (2021)

The Russian Census of 2021 () was the first census of the population of Russia since 2010 and the third after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It mainly took place from October 15 and November 14.
The census was originally going to take place in 2020. But this date was changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
Results of the census have been published by Rosstat with more results announced for June-December 2022.
Scheduled release dates for final census results
On May 30, 2022, Rosstat published the following schedule for the release of the final results of the population census:
June 2022: population by country and by all municipalities in each region
August 2022: will begin publication of data in the form of tables and graphs on the Rosstat website
September 2022: gender, age, education, ethnicity and language proficiency
October 2022: population migration, information about indigenous peoples
November 2022: birth rate, household composition.
December 2022: housing conditions, labor force characteristics.
References
2021
2021 in Russia
Emerald-eyed tree frog

The emerald-eyed tree frog or Fuente's Powakka tree frog (Boana xerophylla) is a frog that lives in Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela. Scientists have seen it as high as 2400 meters above sea level.
References
Frogs of South America
The Barbarian and the Geisha

The Barbarian and the Geisha is a 1958 American biographical drama movie directed by John Huston and starring John Wayne, Eiko Ando, Sam Jaffe, So Yamamura, Fuyukichi Maki. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Other websites
1958 drama movies
1950s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by John Huston
James Laxer

James Robert Laxer (22 December 1941 - 23 February 2018), also known as Jim Laxer, was Canadian political economist and professor at York University. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
In 1971, Laxer ran for the leadership of the federal NDP. He won one-third of the vote against party stalwart David Lewis.
In 1981, he was hired as director of research for the federal NDP. He left in controversy in 1983. This is when he published a report critiquing the party's economic policies as being "out of date".
Laxer died on 23 February 2018 in Paris, France of a suspected heart attack at the age of 76.
References
1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Canadian economists
Canadian educators
Writers from Montreal
Politicians from Montreal
Antoaneta Stefanova

Antoaneta Stefanova (; born 19 April 1979) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and Women's World Champion from 2004 to 2006. She has been a representative for Bulgaria in the Chess Olympiad in 2000 and the Women's Chess Olympiad since 1992.
1979 births
Chess grandmasters
Sportspeople from Sofia
Living people
Czech Republic

Czechia (, is a country in Central Europe. As of 2 May 2016, the official long name of the country is Czech Republic (, ). The capital and the biggest city is Prague (, ). The currency is the Czech Crown (koruna ceska - CZK). EUR1 is about 25 CZK. The president of Czechia is Petr Pavel. Czechia's population is about 10.5 million.
The local language is the Czech language, a Slavic language related to languages like Slovak and Polish.
Czechia has no sea; its neighbour countries are Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland.
History
Its history dates from the 9th century AD, for a long time it was one of the most powerful countries in Central Europe. Later on it was the biggest, most populated and richest country of the First Reich, where many Emperors started their career. Under the conditions of the Treaty of Vienna 1515 parts of Czechia, then in the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, came under Habsburg rule after the death of Louis the Jagiellon in 1526. They stayed a part of the Habsburg dynasty rule until 1918.
The area of the today's Czechia was a part of Czechoslovakia (current area of Czechia and Slovak republic) from 1918 to 1992. Czechoslovakia became independent in 1918 from Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first Czechoslovakian president was Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. In February 1948 the Communist party took over the country and for the next 41 years Czechoslovakia was a Socialist state with a rule of one (Communist) party. In 1968 there was a reformation movement (Prague Spring) within the Communist party, but reforms were stopped by the invasion of Warsaw pact armies. In November 1989 Czechoslovakia returned to democracy through the peaceful "Velvet Revolution". Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two countries (Czechia and Slovakia) in 1993.
Czechia has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and a member of NATO since 12 March 1999.
Geography
The highest point in the country is Snezka at .
There are four national parks in Czechia. The oldest is Krkonose National Park. The others are Sumava National Park, Podyji National Park, Bohemian Switzerland.
Regions
In 1949 the Communist government created 13 centralized regions instead of historical countries. In 1960 the regions changed leaving only 8 regions. In 2000 14 regions were formed with their own regional self-government.
Religion
Czechia has one of the least religious populations in the world. According to the 2011 census, 34.2% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% were Roman Catholic, 0.8% were Protestant (0.5% Czech Brethren and 0.4% Hussite), and 9.4% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not (of which 863 people answered they are Pagan). 45.2% of the population did not answer the question about religion.
Related pages
Czechia at the Olympics
Czechia's national football team
List of rivers of Czechia
Czech language
References
Other websites
Czechia pictures
Czechia map
Czechia map - Google Maps style
Czechia - Immigration
Czechia - Business
Czech Republic
1993 establishments in Europe
European Union member states
Landlocked countries
States and territories established in the 1990s
Assembly line

An assembly line is a manufacturing process which is a very important part of industry.
In an assembly line, parts are added to a product in a sequence. Each worker and machine does one part, and the parts are put together to make the finished object. This makes a product much faster than with handcrafting-type methods, where one person made the whole object.
The division of labour was discussed by Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). He used the manufacture of pins as an example of increasing productive efficiency.
Ford
The assembly line developed by Ford Motor Company between 1908 and 1915 made assembly lines famous as an example of mass production. The result was a cheaper car, the Ford Model T, and higher wages for Ford workers. Henry Ford was the first to master the moving assembly line, and was able to reduce labor hours needed to make a car, and increased numbers of cars and parts. Ford was the first company to build large factories around the assembly line concept.
Mass production by assembly lines was the catalyst which started the modern consumer culture by making possible low unit cost for manufactured goods. It is often said that Ford's production system was ingenious because it turned Ford's own workers into new customers. The lower prices turned a huge potential market into a reality. The greater demand allowed further economies of scale to be exploited. This bootstrapping quality of growth made Ford famous and set an example for other industries.
The idea was not invented by Ford. Its use in America may have started with the production of cars by Ransom E. Olds in 1901.
History
The earliest example of an assembly system is the Terracotta Army of the 3rd century BC. The terracotta army figures were made in workshops. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used. Once put together, features such as facial expressions were added.
It is thought their legs were made the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were made at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times, each workshop had to write its name on items produced. Once they were completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.
References
Manufacturing
Moonlighting (Leo Sayer song)

"Moonlighting" is a song about a young man and young woman running away to get married at Gretna Green. It was recorded by Leo Sayer.
"Moonlighting" was written by Sayer and Frank Farrell and co-produced by Adam Faith. "Moonlighting" made number 2 on the UK Singles Chart in September 1975. The song is on Sayer's album, Another Year.
The New Zealand band Ardijah covered the song in 2002.
1975 songs
Leo Sayer songs