pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Four pests campaign

The Four Pests Campaign () was one of the campaigns of China, against four pests: namely rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows. It was part of a campaign called the Great Leap Forward, which wanted to boost Chinese economy, in the mid-20th century. The campaign started in 1958.
The extermination of sparrows is also known as Smash Sparrows Campaign () or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign (). It caused severe ecological imbalance; it was one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine.
Mao had been told that sparrows ate grain (amongst other things), which was true. But they also ate locusts. And locusts ate nothing but grain. The cause of the famine which followed was that, without sparrows, locusts multiplied hugely and ate so much grain that a great famine followed in China.
In 1960. Mao Zedong ended the campaign against sparrows and redirected the fourth focus to bed bugs. Only after Mao died, in 1976, did the official Chinese press agency announce that sparrows were more useful than harmful. The government took measures to increase the sparrow population in the province of Shandong.
References
20th century in China
Chinese communist politicians
Pests
1950s in China
1960s in China
Hinckley, Utah

Hinckley is a town in Millard County, Utah, United States.
Towns in Utah
List of statues in Baku

List of the statues and memorials in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
Statues
Busts
Monuments and memorials
Related pages
Statue
Monument
Baku
References
Baku
Statues
Azerbaijan-related lists
Bruno Dettori

Bruno Dettori (22 December 1941 - 2 August 2020) was an Italian politician. He was born in Sassari, Italy.
He began his political career in 1990 becoming a city councilor in Sassari under the Christian Democrats. He was elected senator at the end of the 2001 general election on 13 May 2001. From 18 May 2006 to 7 May 2008 he was part of the second Prodi government as Secretary for the Environment.
Dettori died on 2 August 2020, aged 78.
References
1941 births
2020 deaths
Italian politicians
Mahjong

Mahjong is a game for four players that was created in China. It is a game of skill, intelligence, calculation and luck.
The Set-Up
A Mahjong game is played at a square table (four sides all the same length). The dealer is called the "east" player and everyone else is called a different direction because of where they are sitting - so the person to East's left is South, the person across from East is West, and the person to East's right is North. If East wins, he is the dealer again for the next round; if he does not, the dealer is the person to his right (North). That person then becomes East. A game of Mahjong ends when every player has been the dealer four times, or when they have played the number of rounds they said they would play before they started.
Solitaire
A single-player version of this game exists, called Mahjong Solitaire. It is based on the four-player game, but can be played by one person, so it is one of the games that are played often on computers (such as Solitaire, Spider Solitaire, or Minesweeper). Mahjong Solitaire is much simpler than four-player Mahjong: it is played without dice or chips, by removing tiles (set up in the shape of a pyramid) from the board in sets of two. Each set of two has to match - they are either exactly the same, or go together (two "flowers" tiles, for example). A Mahjong Solitaire player wins when he picks up all the tiles, or he loses when he runs out of sets of two that he can pick up.
Other websites
Games
Twentieth-century English literature

Modernism is a major literary movement of the first part of the twentieth-century. The word Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in the literature procuded after the World War II.
Irish writers were especially important in the twentieth-century, including James Joyce and later Samuel Beckett, both central figures in the Modernist movement. Americans, like poets T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound and novelist William Faulkner, were other important modernists. British modernists include Joseph Conrad, E. M. Forster, Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and D. H. Lawrence. In the mid-twentieth-century major writers started to appear in the various countries of the British Commonwealth, including several Nobel laureates.
Winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature
Some books published during this period
Murder on the Orient Express, Death on the Nile and And Then There Were None, detective novels written by Agatha Christie.
The Riddle of the Sands, an example of spy fiction written by Erskine Childers.
James Bond 007 novels by Ian Fleming, such as Casino Royale (1953), Live and Let Die (1954), Dr. No (1958), Goldfinger (1959), and Thunderball (1961) nine short story works.
Peter Pan, by J. M. Barrie.
The Thirty-Nine Steps, an adventure novel by John Buchan.
The Wind in the Willows, a children's classic by Kenneth Grahame.
The Chronicles of Narnia, by C.S. Lewis
The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, by J.R.R. Tolkien.
James and the Giant Peach and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, children's fantasy novels by Roald Dahl.
Harry Potter, by J. K. Rowling .
2001: A Space Odyssey, by Arthur C. Clarke.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a omic science fiction work by Douglas Adams.
Writings on the subject
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.
.
.
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English literature
Ryland Heights, Kentucky

Ryland Heights is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky in the United States.
Cities in Kentucky
Kenton County, Kentucky
Hiroshi Kiyotake

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Koki Kiyotake in also a footballer.
Biography
Kiyotake was born in Oita on November 12, 1989. He joined J1 League club Oita Trinita from their youth team in 2008. Trinita won the champions in the 2008 J.League Cup with young players, Shusaku Nishikawa, Masato Morishige and Mu Kanazaki. However Trinita was relegated to J2 League end of 2009 season and Trinita released their main players including Kiyotake due to their financial problems. In 2010, he moved to Cerezo Osaka. He played as regular player in 3 seasons. In July 2012, he moved to German Bundesliga club Nurnberg. Although he played as regular player in 2 seasons, Nurnberg was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2013/14 season. In summer 2014, he moved to Hannover. Although he played many matches in 2 seasons, Hannover was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2015/16 season. In summer 2016, he moved to Spanish La Liga club Sevilla. However there were few opportunities to play. In February 2017, he returned to Japan and joined Cerezo Osaka. In 2017, Cerezo won the champions in the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup.
On August 10, 2011, Kiyotake debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. In July 2012, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2012 Summer Olympics. He played all 6 matches and Japan won the 4th place. He also played for the Japan at 2013 Confederations Cup, 2014 World Cup and 2015 Asian Cup. He played 43 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2017.
Statistics
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="2"|J1 League||8||1||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2009||23||3||2||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||25||4||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2011||25||7||3||1||0||0||9||4||37||12
|-
|2012||16||2||3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|-
|2012/13||rowspan="2"|Nurnberg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||4
|-
|2013/14||33||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||3
|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Hannover||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||32||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|2015/16||21||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||5
|-
|2016/17||Sevilla||La Liga||4||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||9||1
|-
|2017||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="5"|J1 League||18||6||4||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||26||6
|-
|2018||20||4||1||1||2||0||1||0||24||5
|-
|2019||27||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|-
|2020||33||8||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||37||9
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
195||36||14||2||24||3||10||4||243||45
117||17||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||121||17
4||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||9||1
316||54||21||2||24||3||12||4||373||63
|}
|-
|2011||5||0
|-
|2012||7||1
|-
|2013||11||0
|-
|2014||3||0
|-
|2015||7||0
|-
|2016||9||4
|-
|2017||1||0
|-
!Total||43||5
|}
References
Other websites
1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Oita Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
62 (number)

Sixty-two is a number. It comes between sixty-one and sixty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 31, and 62.
Integers
Superman (ice cream flavor)

Superman is an ice cream flavor. It is usually a red, blue, and yellow swirl. It was invented in the Midwestern United States in the early 20th century, mainly Michigan and Wisconsin. You can also buy it at ice cream parlors, such as Baskin Robbin's or Hershey's ice cream sellers in the United States.
It was invented before Superman, the DC Comics superhero character, but is often thought to be named after him, as his costume uses those colors. Makers never license Superman's name, often instead using a different name to avoid legal issues. Many brands use different flavors.
The blue ice cream is often Blue Moon, which has a hard-to-place flavor. It was also invented in the early 20th century, and can also be bought in the United States at ice cream parlors that sell Hershey's ice cream, as well as some grocery stores and gas stations.
Superman is thought to have been invented by Stroh's Ice Cream in Detroit, Michigan during the Prohibition Era.
Brands and flavors
References
Other websites
American food
Ice cream
Superman
British Rail Class 67

The Class 67 locomotives are a type of Diesel electric locomotives built from 1999 to 2000 by Alstom in Valencia, Spain under sub-contract from General Motors Diesel in Canada.
67
Hancourt

Hancourt is a commune. It is in the region Picardie in the Somme department in the north of France.
Communes in Somme
Disappearance of Dulce Avalez

Dulce Maria Avalez is a missing person. She went missing on September 16, 2019. She was born on April 25, 2014.
Disappearance
On September 16, 2019, Dulce and her brother went to a park at around 4:00 PM (EST). While her mother and Dulce's 8 years old cousin were in the car around 30 yards away from the park. Around a few minutes later, her mother and Dulce's cousin came back, only to find Dulce's brother upset, but his sister was not there.
Possibilities
Dulce may not be dead.
One of her mother's friends may have kidnapped her.
References
Missing people
James Earl Carter Sr.

James Earl Carter (September 12, 1894 - July 22, 1953) was an American politician, businessman, and farmer. He was from Plains, Georgia. He was the father of Jimmy Carter.
Carter was a conservative in his political views.
Carter, Sr. was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1953, as a Democrat, and served briefly representing Sumter County until his death later that year. Carter had previously served on the Sumter County Board of Education.
References
1894 births
1953 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
State legislators of the United States
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Plains, Georgia
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
Jimmy Carter
Liquorice

Liquorice (UK) or licorice (US) (see spelling differences) (, or ) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7-15 centimetres (3-6 inches) long, with 9-17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8-1.2 cm (1/3 to 1/2 inch) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2-3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds.
Faboideae
Spices
Nord N-3202

The Nord N-3202 is a French military training light aircraft. It was used only by the French Army.
French military aircraft
Nord aircraft
Dolores del Río

Dolores del Rio (August 3, 1904 - April 11, 1983, birth name Maria de los Dolores Asunsolo y Lopez Negrete) was a Mexican movie actress. She was a Hollywood movie star in the 1920s and 1930s. She was important to the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema during the 1940s and 1950s.
In the 1928 movie Ramona, Del Rio played the title character. She also played the title character in Evangeline (1929). She played Madame du Barry in the motion picture of that name.
Del Rio was born in Durango, Mexico. She died in Newport Beach, California at 77 of liver disease.
Other websites
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Mexican movie actors
Radio actors
1904 births
1983 deaths
Johann Joseph Fux

Johann Joseph Fux (; c. 1660 - 13 February 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue. He is remembered as the writer of Gradus ad Parnassum, a book about counterpoint.
Life
Fux was born in Hirtenfeld, Austria. His birthday is not known. His parents were peasants. He probably went to the nearby city of Graz to study music. In 1680 he was accepted to the Ferdinandeum, a Jesuit college. He ran away from the Ferdinandeum before he graduated. He ran away to Ingolstadt. In 1683, he entered the Jesuit University in Ingolstadt. He was the organist at St. Moritz in Ingolstadt from 1685 to 1688.
Fux married in 1696. At this time he was the organist of the Schottenkirche in Vienna. He became the court composer for Emperor Leopold I in 1698. He composed church and chamber music. In 1700 he was sent to Rome to study composition. He might have been influenced by the music of Palestrina while studying in Rome.
Fux became the Hofkapellmeister in 1715. He was in charge of the music for the Holy Roman Emperor. He worked for Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI. Fux served as Hofkapellmeister for the rest of his life. He had to write masses for churches. He also wrote operas and oratorios for special events.
Fux taught music. His students include Jan Dismas Zelenka, Gottlieb Muffat, and Georg Christoph Wagenseil. He published Gradus ad Parnassum in 1725. The name means "Steps to Parnassus" in English.
Fux died in Vienna on February 13, 1741.
Gradus ad Parnassum
Fux's book about counterpoint, Gradus ad Parnassum, is his most important work. The book was written in Latin. It was translated to German by Lorenz Christoph Mizler in 1742. The book teaches the reader how to write correct counterpoint. Many composers learned counterpoint from the book, including Mozart and Haydn. Johann Sebastian Bach owned a copy of the book.
References
1660 births
1741 deaths
Austrian composers
Music theorists
Baroque composers
Amor Gitano

Amor Gitano (English: "Gypsy Love") is the theme song for the telenovela Zorro: La Espada y la Rosa, performed in Spanish by Alejandro Fernandez and Beyonce. The single was sold mainly in markets with a strong Latin demographic, such as Mexico, where it reached number thirty-eight on its official singles chart and number five on the Digital Sales Chart in late April 2007.
Charts
References
Beyonce songs
2007 songs
Kraftisried

Kraftisried is a municipality in Ostallgau in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Ostallgau
The Manhattan Project (movie)

The Manhattan Project is a 1986 American science fiction thriller movie directed by Marshall Brickman and stars John Lithgow, Cythnia Nixon, Christopher Collet. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was a box office bomb.
Other websites
1986 science fiction movies
1986 thriller movies
American science fiction movies
American thriller movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies set in New Jersey
Ronald H. Griffith

Ronald Houston Griffith (March 16, 1936 - July 18, 2018) was an American general in the United States Army. He was Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army (VCSA) from 1995 to 1997. He was born in LaFayette, Georgia. He fought in the Vietnam War and the Gulf War.
Griffith died on July 18, 2018 in Lexington, Virginia at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Allied Defense Group bio
Military Professional Resources bio
Virginia Military Institute bio
1936 births
2018 deaths
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Military people from Georgia (U.S. state)
David Chalmers

David Chalmers was born in 1966. He has lived in Australia all of his life.
Since 2004 he has been a professor of philosophy at the Australian National University.
He has challenged other philosophers to solve the "Hard Problem of consciousness". This is the problem of explaining the relationship between physical and mental states. For example, the brain has a physical way of processing information and this makes an experience, a mental state.
Other websites
Hard problem of consciousness
1966 births
Living people
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Atheists
Australian academics
People from South Australia
Australian philosophers
Abdalelah Haroun

Abdalelah Haroun Hassan (; 1 January 1997 - 26 June 2021) was a Qatari track and field sprinter. He ran in the 400 metres. He was the 2015 Asian champion in the event and holds the Asian indoor record. He was born in Sennar, Sudan.
Haroun was killed in a car crash in Doha, Qatar on 26 June 2021, aged 24.
References
1997 births
2021 deaths
Qatari sportspeople
Sudanese people
Olympians
Sprinters
African sportspeople
Road accident deaths
Landry, Savoie

Landry is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Savoie department in southeast France.
Communes in Savoie
University Heights, Ohio

University Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,539 as of the 2010 Census. University Heights is nicknamed the "City of Beautiful Homes."
References
Cities in Ohio
Sect

A sect is a small religious or political group that separates from a larger group. Sects have many of the same beliefs and practices as the original group, but often have some different doctrines. In contrast, a denomination is a large religious group.
Related pages
Cult
New religious movement
Religious organizations
Sociology
Sierra Nevada (Spain)

The Sierra Nevada, meaning "snowy range" in Spanish, is a mountain range in the region of Andalusia in Spain. It contains the highest point of continental Spain, Mulhacen at 3,479 m.
It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make skiing possible in Europe's most southern ski resort after Ski Centre on the island of Crete in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its warm temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of Granada and, a little farther, Malaga and Almeria.
Other websites
Google Maps Satellite Photo
Maps of the Sierra Nevada
XVII sport week -Old Pictures -
Sierra Nevada Official Website (In Spanish)
Sierra Nevada Piste Map
References
Bibliography
Francisco Perez Raya, Joaquin Molero Mesa, Francisco Valle Tendero, 1992: "Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Paisaje, fauna, flora, itinerarios". Ed. Rueda. Madrid.
"Flora de la Tundra de Sierra Nevada". Pablo Prieto Fernandez, Ed. Universidad de Granada.
"Sierra Nevada: Guia de Montana". Aurelio del Castillo y Antonio del Castillo. Ed. Penibetica, 2003.
Mountains of Europe
Geography of Spain
Andalusia
National parks in Spain
Goldsmith

A goldsmith is a person who makes objects using gold or other precious metals.
5,000 years ago, ancient Sumerians made bowls out of gold. People have long used gold for making jewelry or sacred objects used in religious worship.
In medieval Europe goldsmiths often acted as bankers.
Goldsmiths use methods such as soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing to make things out of gold. Goldsmiths traditionally teach their trade to apprentices. Today, jewelry arts schools teach goldsmithing and other similar skills.
Well known goldsmiths
Paul de Lamerie
Paul Storr
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Benvenuto Cellini
Johannes Gutenberg
House of Faberge
Related pages
Old master print
Engraving
Jewelry
Metalworking
Gold
Metalworking occupations
Seal Beach, California

Seal Beach is a city in Orange County, California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,242. Seal Beach is located in the westernmost corner of Orange County. To the northwest, just across the border with Los Angeles County, lies the city of Long Beach.
References
Cities in California
Settlements in Orange County, California
Mark Eaton

Mark E. Eaton (January 24, 1957 - May 28, 2021) was an American professional basketball player. He spent his entire career with the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1982 until 1992. Eaton holds the NBA record for most blocks in a season (456) and career average blocked shots per game (3.50).
Eaton died on May 28, 2021, at age 64, after a bicycle accident in Park City, Utah.
References
1957 births
2021 deaths
Utah Jazz players
Sportspeople from Inglewood, California
Road accident deaths in the United States
Human rights in Cameroon

As of 2020, Cameroon "currently prosecutes consensual same sex conduct more aggressively than almost any country in the world".
References
Cameroon
Cameroon
Destroy All Humans! 2

Destroy All Humans! 2 is a action-adventure video game released in 2006. It is a sequel to Destroy All Humans! developed by Pandemic Studios, and is the second and last game developed by the original studio before EA acquired them. A third game in the series, Destroy All Humans! Big Willy Unleashed, was released in 2008.
2006 video games
Destroy All Humans!
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games
Video game sequels
Stephen J. Cannell

Stephen Joseph Cannell (February 5, 1941 - September 30, 2010) was an American television producer, writer, author, and occasional actor, and the founder of Stephen J. Cannell Productions. Cannell is known for creating the popular show The A-Team.
Cannell was born in Los Angeles, California. He was educated at the University of Oregon and at Sigma Chi. Cannell was married to Marcia Cannell from 1964 until his death in 2010, they had 4 children (one of whom died). Cannell died on September 30, 2010 from skin cancer in his Pasadena, California home, he was 69 years old.
References
Other websites
Stephen J. Cannell At Find A Grave
1941 births
2010 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from skin cancer
Emmy Award winners
Movie producers from California
People with dyslexia
Nico Nicoson

Nico Nicoson is a Sydney-based contemporary artist known for his bold and highly graphic artworks. His work has been published around the world and has created street artworks throughout Australia, Europe and Asia. Nico participated in Street Art Murals Australia (SAMA) in June 2015.
Documentary
Nico's activities were filmed for a documentary on his life and work, released as Nico Untitled in 2016 in Australia. The documentary was premiered at the Festival Mundial de Cine Independiente de Quito in Ecuador in March and at Melbourne Documentary Film Festival in June 2017.
References
Other websites
Australian artists
Living people
Michael Ojo

Michael Olalekan Ojo (January 5, 1993 - August 7, 2020) was a Nigerian-American professional basketball player. At tall and , he was one of the tallest and heaviest players ever to play in Serbia and Europe.
After competing in college basketball for Florida State, he played professionally for three seasons with Serbian clubs FMP and Crvena zvezda. He was born in Lagos, Nigeria.
Ojo died of a heart attack while training in Belgrade, Serbia at age of 27.
References
1993 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
African-American basketball players
Sportspeople from Florida
Sportspeople from Lagos
Reaction speed

Reaction speed is the time it takes for a human to react to a change or circumstance. Reaction time of a human is typically around 100 milliseconds but can be faster for people who train to have quicker reactions.
Physiology
Cornufer solomonis

The Solomon wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer solomonis) is a frog. It lives in the Solomon Islands.
References
Frogs of Asia
2017 IIHF World U18 Championships

The 2017 IIHF U18 World Championship will be the 19th IIHF World U18 Championship, and will be hosted by Poprad and Spisska Nova Ves, Slovakia. The tournament will played 13 to 23 April 2017. Finland will enter the tournament as the defending champions.
Top Division
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Relegation round
Playoff round
Division I
Division I A
The Division I A tournament will be played in Bled, Slovenia, from 7 to 13 April 2017.
|}
Division I B
The Division I B tournament will be played in Bled, Slovenia, from 15 to 21 April 2017.
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Division II
Division II A
The Division II A tournament will be played in Gangneung, South Korea, from 2 to 8 April 2017.
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Division II B
The Division II B tournament was played in Novi Sad, Serbia, from 13 to 19 March 2017.
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Division III
Division III A
The Division III A tournament will be played in Taipei, Taiwan, from 21 to 27 March 2017.
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Division III B
The Division III B tournament will be played in Queretaro, Mexico, from 17 to 19 March 2017.
|}
References
Other websites
IIHF.com
IIHF World U18 Championships
April 2017 events
Poprad
Sport in Slovakia
Red Wattle Hog

The Red Wattle Hog is a pig breed that comes from America. They are called that because they are red and they have wattles. Their conservation status is "threatened."
The pigs weigh 800 to 1,000 pounds, but some can as heavy as 1,200 pounds.
Pigs
Military of the United States

{| border="1" width="300" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"
|-----
! colspan="2" bgcolor="#8888dd" | United States Armed Forces
|-----
| colspan="2" align="center" | Military manpower
|-----
| Military age
17-45 years old
|-----
| Availability || Males & Females ages 17-49:
109,305,756 (2005 est.).
|-----
| Citizenship
| Regular Army: No Citizenship Requirement For Enlisted Members / All Officers must be US Citizens. National Guard: Citizens Only.
|-----
| Reaching military age annually
| Males & Females: 4,180,074 (2005 est.)
|-----
| Total armed forces || 2,685,713 (Ranked 2nd)
|-----
| Active troops || 1,426,713 (Ranked 2nd)
|-----
| Total troops || 2,685,713 (Ranked 7th)
|-----
| colspan="2" align="center" | Military expenditures
|-----
| Dollar figure || $441.6 billion (Ranked 1st.)
|-----
| Percent of GDP || 3.7% (FY2006 est.) (Ranked 26th)
|-----
| Dollar Figure (per citizen)
$935.64($1470) (ranked 3rd)
|}
The military of the United States, officially known as the United States Armed Forces, is made of:
United States Army
United States Navy
United States Marine Corps
United States Air Force
United States Coast Guard
United States Space Force
The U.S. President Joe Biden is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
All branches except the Coast Guard are part of the Department of Defense, which is controlled by the Secretary of Defense. The Coast Guard is part of the Department of Homeland Security. The Marine Corps is part of the Navy.
About 1.4 million people are currently on active duty in the military with another 1,259,000 people on reserve (with 456,000 people in the Army and Air National Guard). There is currently no conscription. Women can serve in most combat positions, and in all non-combat military jobs. Because of war, some of these non-combat jobs actually see combat regularly.
Ranks
All the branches of the US military have both Officers and Enlisted. Most Enlisted people with a rank of E-4 and above are called Non-commissioned Officers (NCOs); the exception is the Air Force where E-5 is considered the first NCO rank. Their usual duties are to supervise or make sure that common jobs are done properly every day. Most branches also includes Warrant Officers (Chief Warrant Officers in the Navy.) They are considered experts in their field, they are higher rank than other enlisted troops, but below officers. There are four ranks of Warrant Officers: WO-1 through WO-4 (CWO-1 to CWO-4)
Here are some common ranks for the US Army, Air Force and Marines. These branches of the military use different names for the enlisted ranks, but they all use the same for officers. The Navy and the Coast Guard have different ranks; for those see United States Navy.
References
Other websites
Official U.S. DOD site
Global Security on U.S. Military Operations
Today's Military website
Largest Military Personnel Locator
US Military ranks and rank insignia
US Military Mottos
Branch links
U.S. Army
U.S. Navy
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Marine Corps
U.S. Coast Guard
National Tsing Hua University

National Tsing Hua University (NTHU; ) is a university in Taiwan. It was founded in 1911 (currently Tsing Hua University). It moved to Hsinchu City in 1955 .
NTHU is one of the four universities of the University System of Taiwan.
Nobel Prize winners
Dr.Chen-Ning Yang (Physics)
Dr.Tsung-Dao Lee (Physics)
Dr.Yuan-Tseh Lee (Chemistry)
Other websites
NTHU
T
1955 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Taiwan
Meir Einstein

Meir Einstein (; 21 October 1951 - 23 March 2017) was an Israeli sports broadcaster. He was born in Herzliya, Israel.
Einstein began his career as a news anchor at Kol Yisrael. He later began to broadcast sports events in all areas of the Sports Department of Channel 10. He was the main broadcaster on the sports channels of Charlton Ltd..
Einstein died on 23 March 2017 in Jerusalem from complications of muscular dystrophy (disease that weakens the skeletal system), aged 65.
References
1951 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Israel
Deaths from muscular dystrophy
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Radio personalities
Jonathan Haagensen

Jonathan Sirney Haagensen Cerqueira (born February 23, 1983) is a Brazilian actor, model and singer. He started his career in 2000 in Palace II, a special episode of the series Brava Gente. He gained national and international fame in 2002 in the film City of God, acted in some soap operas such as Da Cor do Pecado in 2004, Paraiso Tropical in 2007 and Os Mutantes in 2008. Jonathan is twin brother of actor Phellipe Haagensen.
Haagensen was born in Rio de Janeiro.
Filmography
References
Other websites
.
Jonathan Haagensen on Instagram.
Liberation (Christina Aguilera album)

Liberation is the eighth studio album by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was released on June 15, 2018, by RCA Records. The album is Aguilera's first in nearly six years. She enlisted new producers to create a different sound, such as Ricky Reed and Kanye West.
Two singles have been released from the album: "Accelerate" featuring rappers Ty Dolla $ign and 2 Chainz, and "Fall in Line" featuring singer Demi Lovato. The ballad "Twice" was released as a promotional single.
Track listing
References
Notes
Christina Aguilera albums
2018 albums
Pop albums
Hip hop soul albums
R&B albums
Theodore Roethke

Theodore Huebner Roethke ( ; May 25, 1908 - August 1, 1963) was an American poet.
Roethke's parents were German immigrants, who settled in Michigan and started a highly prosperous floral business. He was born in Michigan. He grew up in an atmosphere of greenhouses and plants. These images stayed with him, and he often alluded to it in his work.
He was educated at Michigan State University and then Harvard. He became a teacher and sports coach. He began to publish his poetry later, around 1941, with the publication of Open House. However, according to critics and scholars, he really began to "mature" with his second book, The Lost Son and Other Poems (1948). It was followed by other critically acclaimed volumes.
Roethke joined the University of Washington as a lecturer in 1947. He stayed there until his sudden death in 1963.
Among other prizes and awards, he won the Pulitzer Prize (1953), the Bollinger Prize (1958), and a posthumous National Book Award (1964).
References
1908 births
1963 deaths
Writers from Michigan
American poets
Watertown, Minnesota

Watertown is a city in Carver County, Minnesota, along the South Fork of the Crow River. The population was 4,205 at the 2010 census.
References
Cities in Minnesota
Albert B. Lewis

Albert Benjamin Lewis (October 16, 1925 - August 7, 2021) was an American lawyer, accountant and politician. Lewis was a Democratic member of the New York State Senate from 1967 to 1978. He was also the State Superintendent of Insurance from 1978 until 1983. He was born in New York City.
Lewis died on August 7, 2021 from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease in New York City at the age of 95.
References
1925 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Lawyers from New York City
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
European Article Number

The European Article Number (often shortened to EAN) is a standard to encode product numbers. The EAN is a special case of a Global Trade Item Number. The EAN is made of either 8 or 13 digits (EAN-8, and EAN-13). In many cases, the EAN allows to uniquely identify the item. Most of the time, the EAN is printed on the packaging of a product. Special scanners are able to decode these numbers. They then look up the product-specific data (such as the price) and print it on the bill, for exampe.
Note that the EAN is often encoded using a barcode (such as the ones in the example), but this does not have to be thecase. There are other machine-readable codes which can also be used.
EAN-13/GTIN-13
The standard EAN has 13 digits. The EAN is composed of different sections:
Country-specific part: 3 digits
Company part
Article number: 3-5 digits
Checksum digit
EAN-8/GTIN-8
The normal length of an EAN is 13 digits. There is also a shorter version called EAN-8, for small packages, where the full 13-digit number would take too much space on the package. The EAN-8 consists of:
Country-specific part: 2-3 digits
Article number: 4-5 digits
Checksum digit
There are special organisations which give out both EAN-8 and EAN-13 numbers. Since EAN-8 numbers with a starting digit 2 are free use, many retailers (such as Aldi) use them for their own products. As an example, Aldi uses EAN-8 codes starting with 290 or 221; 290 and 221 are the country-specific parts "for internal use".
Barcodes
St Austell

St Austell is a town on the A390 road, in Cornwall, England. It is near an area of granite moorland where large quantities of china clay are produced. The district is full of disused clay pits and large mounds of waste material. The Eden Project has been built on the site of former china clay workings. St Austell's population is the largest of any town or city in Cornwall.
Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Cocktail party effect

When they are in a noisy environment, humans have the ability to focus their hearing onto one source. This phenomenon is called cocktail party effect. It is named after the fact that a person attending a noisy cocktail party is able to focus their listening to the conversation they are doing, and disregard the other conversations.
It has been proposed that one's sensory memory subconsciously parses all stimuli and identifies discrete pieces of information by classifying them by salience. This effect is what allows most people to "tune into" a single voice and "tune out" all others. This phenomenon is often described in terms of "selective attention" or "selective hearing". It may also describe a similar phenomenon that occurs when one may immediately detect words of importance coming from unattended stimuli, for example hearing one's name among a wide range of auditory input.
An inability to segregate stimuli in this way is sometimes referred to as the cocktail party problem or cocktail party deafness.
References
Psychology
Nebojša Glogovac

Nebojsa "Glogi" Glogovac (30 August 1969 - 9 February 2018) was a Serbian actor. He was born in Trebinje, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was known for his roles in Tomorrow Morning (2006), Klopka (2007), 72 Days (2010) and The Constitution (2016).
Glogovac died on 9 February 2018 in Belgrade, Serbia of brain cancer at the age of 48.
References
Other websites
Nebojsa Glogovac at imdb.com
1969 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Movie actors
Serbian actors
Television actors
Voice actors
Quedlinburg

Quedlinburg (); Low Saxon: Queddelnborg) is a city in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is . 22,795 people lived there in 2005. Quedlinburg is north of the Harz mountains. A small river called Bode flows through the city. In 1994, UNESCO added the old town Quedlinburg on the list of World Heritage Sites.
History
In the year 922 the name Quedlinburg was first mentioned in a paper from King Henry I the Fowler of Germany. In the first half of the 10th century the Hungarians with their horses attacked many places all over central Europe. King Henry built up a castle to give the farmers around a place to hide. In 936 the king died and his body was buried on the castle hill in Quedlinburg. His widow, Matilda, and his son, King Otto I, set up a convent for ladies. The tasks of this convent included the commemoration of King Henry I and the education of young ladies to get better chances to get married. This convent on the hill was dissolved in 1803. First abbess of the ladies-convent was Matilda, the daughter of King Otto I and granddaughter of Queen Matilda.
In the valley north of that hill in 994 King Otto III founded the old town. He was asked to do so by his aunt abbess Matilda.
This old town was used by merchants to sell and buy textiles and so it grew larger. In the middle of the 12th century a new town was created by the abbess of the ladies-convent. In 1330 both towns were united. They got stronger in power and in 1477 they tried to get totally independent of the abbess. But military troops sent by the brothers of the abbess occupied both towns.
All the citizens got under control of the abbess again. In 1541 the Protestant Reformation reached the convent and the town and everybody changed their beliefs to the Protestant religion.
Surprisingly during the Thirty Years' War the town was not destroyed because the abbess made diplomatic arrangements with all the bypassing military leaders.
Geography and Climate
The city is north of the Harz mountains around above sea water level . The nearby mountains reached about above sea level. Most of the town is on the western side of the river Bode's bank. The town area covers around 78,15 square kilometers.
The average temperature of the year is 8,8 degC. January and February are the coldest months of the year, with an average temperature of 0,1 degC and 0,4 degC. July and August are the hottest months, with an average temperature of 17,8 degC (63 degF) and 17,2 degC. The average annual rainfall is about 438 millimetres. The rainfall occurs usually between May and September. Rain in Quedlinburg is among the lowest in Germany, which has an annual average around 800 millimetres.
Sister cities
Quedlinburg has partnerships with 5 cities. Each of the 5 boroughs also has their sister cities, sometimes called twin towns.
References
Other websites
Official page
Private homepage (in English)
Harz Rural District
Yama Buddha

Anil Adhikari (; 30 May 1987 - 14 January 2017) was a Nepalese rapper. He was better known by his stage name Yama Buddha. He was a Nepalese hip hop artist, also known as "NepHop". He was known for his songs "Mero Juttama", "Saathi, Aaudaichu Ma", "Footpath mero ghar" and "Yo prasanga", all in Nepali. He began his career in 2007. He was a presenter of the rap battle show Raw Barz. He was born in the Eastern Development Region. He lived in the United Kingdom with his wife.
Yama Buddha died on 14 January 2017 in London at the age of 29.
References
1987 births
2017 deaths
Nepalese singers
Rappers
Winn, Maine

Winn is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.
Towns in Maine
Cassano d'Adda

Cassano d'Adda is a city in northern Italy. Cassano d'Adda is in the Lombardy Region. It is on the right side of the Adda River. About 19,000 people live there.
Cities in Lombardy
Bœsenbiesen

Boesenbiesen is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
References
Communes in Bas-Rhin
R. K. Mathur

Radha Krishna Mathur (born 25 November 1953) is an Indian IAS officer of Tripura. In October 2019, he became the first Lieutenant Governor of the union territory of Ladakh. He retired as the Chief Information Commissioner of India (CIC) in November 2018.
References
1953 births
Living people
Politicians from Uttar Pradesh
José Luis Martínez-Almeida

Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida Navasques (born 17 April 1975) is a Spanish state lawyer and politician. He is a member of the People's Party (PP). He has been the Mayor of Madrid since 2019. He has been a member of the Madrid City Council since 2015.
References
Mayors of Madrid
Spanish lawyers
Living people
1975 births
1920s

The 1920s was the decade that started on January 1, 1920 and ended on December 31, 1929. This decade was known om the U.S. as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age.
The most important events
1920 - Prohibition began in the United States. Criminal activity associated with alcohol.
1922 - The Soviet Union was founded as a dictatorship.
1922 - Howard Carter discovered the tomb of the Egyptian King Tutankhamun.
1922 - Southern Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom.
1929 - Black Tuesday, which lead to the Great Depression.
Role of the depression in stimulating the career of Adolf Hitler in Germany
Important people
World leaders
Prime Minister Stanley Bruce (Australia)
Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (Canada)
President Sun Yat-sen (Republic of China)
President Chiang Kai-shek (Republic of China)
President Friedrich Ebert (Germany)
President Paul von Hindenburg (Germany), later replaced by Adolf Hitler.
Ahmad Shah Qajar of Qajar dynasty (Persia/Iran)
Reza Shah Pahlavi of Pahlavi Dynasty (Iran)
King Victor Emmanuel III (Italy)
Prime Minister Benito Mussolini (Italy)
President W.T. Cosgrave (Irish Free State)
President Mustafa Kemal Ataturk) (Turkey)
Emperor Hirohito (Japan)
Pope Pius XI
Jozef Pilsudski (Poland)
Vladimir Lenin (Soviet Union)
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
King Alfonso XIII (Spain)
King George V (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister David Lloyd George (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Andrew Bonar Law (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald (United Kingdom)
President Woodrow Wilson (United States)
President Warren G. Harding (United States)
President Calvin Coolidge (United States)
President Herbert Hoover (United States)
Albert Einstein (German physicist)
Paul von Hindenburg (president of Germany)
King George V (King of the United Kingdom)
Vladimir Lenin (leader of the USSR)
Pope Pius XI (Pope in the 1920s)
Joseph Stalin (leader of the USSR)
King Victor Emmanuel III (king of Italy)
Zapfendorf

Zapfendorf is a municipality with market rights in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg in Bavaria, Germany with about 5,000 residents.
References
Other websites
Community's website
Bamberg (district)
Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica

Saint Ann is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is Saint Ann's Bay.
References
Parishes of Jamaica
Ponder, Texas

Ponder is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States.
Towns in Texas
Rain (1932 movie)

Rain is a 1932 American drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the 1922 play of the same name and 1921 short story Miss Thompson by W. Somerset Maugham. It stars Joan Crawford, Walter Huston, Matt Moore, William Gargan, Walter Catlett, Guy Kibbee and was distributed by United Artists.
Other websites
1932 drama movies
1930s American drama movies
Movies based on plays
Movies based on short stories
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Province of Pistoia

The Province of Pistoia () is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy.
Geography
The capital of the province is the city of Pistoia. The province has an area of 965 km2 and a total population of 268,503 (2001). There are 22 communes in the province.
Other websites
Province homepage
P
Known-plaintext attack

The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has samples of both the plaintext and its encrypted version (known as ciphertext version) then they can use them to expose further secret information after calculating the secret key.
Encrypted file archives such as ZIP are very prone to this attack. For example, an attacker with an encrypted ZIP file needs only one unencrypted file from the archive which forms the "known-plaintext". Then using some publicly available software they can instantly calculate the key required to decrypt the entire archive.
Classical ciphers are typically susceptible to known-plaintext attack. For example, a Caesar cipher can be solved using a single letter of corresponding plaintext and ciphertext to decrypt entirely.
Related pages
Chosen-plaintext attack
Ciphertext-only attack
References
Cryptography
Gabrial McNair

Gabrial "Gabe" McNair (born September 8, 1973) is an American musician and composer. He is a multi-instrumentalist. This means he plays many different instruments.
African American musicians
No Doubt members
American punk musicians
American jazz musicians
American classical musicians
American saxophonists
Musicians from California
American rock guitarists
American drummers
1973 births
Living people
Alfred Waterhouse

Alfred Waterhouse (19 July 1830 - 22 August 1905) was an English architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic revival. He is perhaps best known for his design for Manchester Town Hall and the Natural History Museum in London, although he also built a wide variety of other buildings throughout the country. Financially speaking, Waterhouse was probably the most successful of all Victorian architects. Though expert within Gothic and Renaissance styles, Waterhouse never limited himself to a single architectural style.
References
1830 births
1905 deaths
English architects
People from Liverpool
Horror Epics

Horror Epics is the fourth studio album by Scottish punk rock band, The Exploited. Horror Epics was released on April 15th 1985. The album was re-released in 2004 on the Captain Oi! label. Allmusic rated the album 2 stars out of 5.
Songs
Side one
Side two
Re-release bonus tracks
References
1985 albums
The Exploited albums
Punk albums
Saint Martin national football team

Saint Martin national football team is the national football team of the Collectivity of Saint Martin.
References
Caribbean national football teams
Football teams in France
Saint Martin
Dolly Varden

The Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) is a species of salmonid. It is native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. In the past it has been mistaken for a species of trout. Dolly Varden are in the genus Salvelinus of true chars. They are covered with light spots on a dark background (trout have dark spots on a light background). They may either be landlocked or anadromous (meaning they migrate to the sea). The coloring depends on their environment. Those that travel to the sea (anadromous) are dark blue on the head, back and upper sides. Freshwater (or landlocked) Dolly Varden are brown to olive green on the head, back and upper sides. The belly is light colored. They feed on aquatic insects, other fish and their eggs.
Origin of the name
Dolly Varden was the name of a fictional character in an 1841 Charles Dickens novel. She was known for liking brightly colored dresses. At that time very colorful women's dresses were called "Dolly Vardens". Livingston Stone noted that in 1872 fishermen on the McCloud River in California were calling the brightly colored fish they caught "Dolly Varden" after the dresses. But there were no Dolly Varden in the McCloud river. They may have been catching its near relative the Bull Trout. In spite of the mistake the name stuck for 'Salvelinus malma'.
References
Edible fish
Salmoniformes
Eye neoplasm

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye.
Eye cancers might start in the eye and it can metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.
This cancer is most common in children. There is a 95% of finding a cure for this cancer.
References
Cancer