pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mattertal

Mattertal is a valley in the Alps of Switzerland which begins on the side of the Matterhorn. The Matterhorn is one of the most famous mountains in the world because of its beauty, and because it is hard to climb.
The Mattertal is a valley that was made by a glacier (a slowly-moving river of ice) moving down from the mountain. This can be seen from the deep U shape of the valley. (Valleys made by a fast-running stream are V-shaped). Because the sides of the valley are very steep, there are often landslides. One can be seen in the photo taken near Randa village. Many houses in the villages are called chalets. These can be seen in the picture of Tasch village.
In the Mattertal are villages which include Zermatt, Tasch, Randa, Grachen, and St. Niklaus. Many tourists like to stay in the villages to see the view, to go walking, skiing or mountain climbing. The traditional work of the people is dairy farming, but many people work in the tourist industry.
Geography of Valais
Valleys of Switzerland
Ben Cross

Harry Bernard Cross (16 December 1947 - 18 August 2020), known professionally as Ben Cross, was an English actor. He was best known for his role as the British Olympic athlete Harold Abrahams in the 1981 movie Chariots of Fire and as Sarek in the 2009 reboot movie Star Trek.
Cross was born in London. He was educated at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Art. Cross died of cancer on 18 August 2020 in Vienna, Austria, aged 72.
References
Other websites
1947 births
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English television actors
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Austria
European robin

The European robin (Erithacus rubecula) is a small bird found in many parts of Europe. In English, this bird is usually just called a robin. In Britain, it is the most popular bird.
The robin is an insectivore: it eats insects. It is a member of the order Passerine which makes it a perching bird. It has an orange-red breast and face, olive-brown wings and back, a white to light-brown belly. You can sometimes see a blue-grey fringe around the bottom part of the robin's red breast patch. European robins have brown legs and their tail is bluntly square. They have large, black eyes and a small black bill.
Some migrate, and some are resident. In the breeding season the red chest of the male gets a bit redder, and they are very territorial. No other male robin is allowed near, and they even fight other birds that come too close. The American and Australian robins are not closely related to this, the original bird to be named 'robin'.
Sources
Passeri
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Birds of Africa
National symbols of the United Kingdom
Volkswagen Beetle

The Volkswagen Beetle is a car manufactured by the Volkswagen company. It was designed by Dr. Ferdinand Porsche. When it was introduced, it had gone through over a million miles of testing - more than any other car at the time.
The history of the car is the history of the Volkswagen company - the company was created to make that car. Other than some military vehicles during WWII, it was the only car the company made at first.
The car was made from 1949 to 2003, over 23 million of them. For many years, it held the record as the most-sold car ever. It took the record from the Model T Ford in 1971, and held it until 2000 when the Toyota Corolla took it away.
The basic shape and design of the car did not change. It was also powered by an engine in the rear, had a small trunk up front, and was air-cooled (no radiator).
More recently, the company made the New Beetle, which looked similar, followed by the present-day Beetle from 2012. These are completely different cars however, since they have a water-cooled engine in the front, and are very similar underneath to the Volkswagen Golf.
There are many Volkswagen clubs around the world, the members restore or modify the original air-cooled Volkswagens.
Disney made a series of films about a Beetle called Herbie.
References
Volkswagen automobiles
Joseph Bologna

Joseph "Joe" Bologna (December 30, 1934 - August 13, 2017) was an American actor and television writer. He was notable for roles in the comedy movies My Favorite Year and Transylvania 6-5000. From 1996 to 1998, he voice-acted the character Inspector Dan Turpin in several episodes of Superman: The Animated Series.
Bolgona won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1973 for his work on The Carol Burnett Show.
Bologna was born in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Brown University. Bologna was married to Renee Taylor from 1965 until his death in 2017. They had one child together.
Bologna died in at a hospital in Duarte, California on August 13, 2017 from pancreatic cancer at the age of 82.
References
Other websites
Emmy Award winners
1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television writers
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Saptapur

Saptapur, officially Saptapura is a residential neighborhood and business hub in the south-west of Dharwad. It is bordered by Malmaddi in the east, Srinagar and KUD in the south, Narayanpur in the north & Kalyan Nagar in the south-east.
References
Settlements in Karnataka
Family Guy Viewer Mail 2

"Family Guy Viewer Mail #2" is the 22nd episode of Family Guys 10th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on May 20, 2012. The next episode ("Internal Affairs") was broadcast right after this episode. The episode is in three parts: "Chap of the Manor", "Fatman and Robin", and "Point of Stew". The episode is based on an episode from the 3rd season, "Family Guy Viewer Mail #1". About 5.35 million people watched the episode when it was first broadcast.
BBC Three broadcasted the episode on August 11, 2014 in the United Kingdom. In the "Fatman and Robin" story, Peter Griffin is able to make everything he touches become Robin Williams. Peter later starts panicking because of this and tries to kill himself. This broadcast happened minutes before people knew Robin Williams had killed himself on the same day. People on Twitter and Reddit talked about how the episode was broadcast right before Robin Williams died. BBC Three broadcasted the episode at 11:25 pm. People learned about Robin Williams' death around 11:50 pm. A spokeswoman for BBC said that this was a strange coincidence. The episode was chosen to be broadcast on that day more than two weeks before. It would have been broadcast again four days later if this did not happen.
References
Other websites
Family Guy episodes
2012 television episodes
Assem Allam

Assem Allam () (1 August 1939-3 December 2022) is an Egyptian businessman based in the East Riding of Yorkshire.
He is the owner of Allam Marine, a company that makes generators. He is also the former owner of the Championship football team, Hull City.
In 2006, he was named the UK Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young.
References
Ain Shams University alumni
2022 deaths
1939 births
Association football
Egyptian businesspeople
Richmond Hill, Ontario

Richmond Hill is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. In 2021, 202,022 people lived there. It is between the cities of Markham and Vaughan.
References
Cities in Ontario
King's Men (playing company)

The King's Men was a company of actors. William Shakespeare belonged to it through most of his career. During the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, they were known as "The Lord Chamberlain's Men". They became "The King's Men" in 1603 when King James I had the throne and became the company's patron. All acting groups had to have a licence to perform, and the licence was usually owned by an important nobleman. Another company of actors at the time was "The Admiral's Men" supported by Lord Howe, the Lord High Admiral of England.
References
Stage actors
William Shakespeare
Lars Ricken

Lars Ricken (born 10 July 1976) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1993-94||rowspan="16"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="16"|Bundesliga||5||1
|-
|1994-95||21||2
|-
|1995-96||26||6
|-
|1996-97||23||2
|-
|1997-98||25||2
|-
|1998-99||28||5
|-
|1999-00||29||4
|-
|2000-01||29||6
|-
|2001-02||28||6
|-
|2002-03||24||4
|-
|2003-04||23||2
|-
|2004-05||17||5
|-
|2005-06||10||4
|-
|2006-07||13||0
|-
|2007-08||0||0
|-
|2008-09||0||0
301||49
301||49
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||0||0
|-
|2001||6||0
|-
|2002||2||1
|-
!Total||16||1
|}
References
1976 births
Living people
German footballers
People from Dortmund
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
2021–22 UEFA Champions League knockout phase

The 2021-22 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 15 February with the round of 16 and will end on 28 May 2022 with the final at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, to decide the champions of the 2021-22 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.
Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
Qualified teams
The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualified as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage.
Schedule
The schedule is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).
Bracket
Round of 16
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 13 December 2021, originally at 12:00 CET. The draw featured multiple irregularities: Manchester United were mistakenly included in the draw for Villarreal's opponent (both were in Group F), and subsequently were selected; another ball was then drawn, with Manchester City chosen instead. In the following tie, Liverpool were mistakenly included in the draw for Atletico Madrid's opponent (both were in Group B), while Manchester United were incorrectly excluded. Later that day, UEFA voided the original draw due to a "technical problem" with the draw computer, and it was entirely redone at 15:00 CET.
The round of 16 ties were initially drawn (and later voided) as follows:
Benfica - Real Madrid
Villarreal - Manchester City
Atletico Madrid - Bayern Munich
Red Bull Salzburg - Liverpool
Inter Milan - Ajax
Sporting CP - Juventus
Chelsea - Lille
Paris Saint-Germain - Manchester United
Summary
The first legs were played on 15, 16, 22 and 23 February, and the second legs were played on 8, 9, 15 and 16 March 2022.
|}
Matches
Bayern Munich won 8-2 on aggregate.
Manchester City won 5-0 on aggregate.
Benfica won 3-2 on aggregate.
Chelsea won 4-1 on aggregate.
Atletico Madrid won 2-1 on aggregate.
Villarreal won 4-1 on aggregate.
Liverpool won 2-1 on aggregate.
Real Madrid won 3-2 on aggregate.
Quarter-finals
The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 18 March 2022, 12:00 CET.
Summary
The first legs were played on 5 and 6 April, and the second legs were played on 12 and 13 April 2022.
|}
Matches
Real Madrid won 5-4 on aggregate.
Manchester City won 1-0 on aggregate.
Villarreal won 2-1 on aggregate.
Liverpool won 6-4 on aggregate.
Semi-finals
The draw for the semi-finals was held on 18 March 2022, 12:00 CET, after the quarter-final draw.
Summary
The first legs were played on 26 and 27 April, and the second legs were played on 3 and 4 May 2022.
|}
Matches
Real Madrid won 6-5 on aggregate.
Liverpool won 5-2 on aggregate.
Final
The final will be played on 28 May 2022 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis. A draw was held on 18 March 2022, after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, to determine the "home" team for administrative purposes.
Notes
References
Other websites
UEFA Champions League
2021 in association football
2022 in association football
Ed, Edd n Eddy

Ed, Edd n Eddy is an animated television series created by Danny Antonucci for Cartoon Network. It was produced by the studio a.k.a. Cartoon. The show is about three boys called "the Eds" who live in a cul-de-sac. They also create scams (tricks) in their neighborhood. These tricks could be items that the other kids might want to buy. They do this so the other kids will give them money to buy jawbreakers. Most of the times, their plans end in a bad way.
Before Cartoon Network started writing the show, Antonucci tried to sell it to Nickelodeon. However, the channel wanted to control what he does with the show. Antonucci did not agree to that and went with the former. Four specials, and two books were made. The characters of the show were also in many comic books and video games. The series ended with the TV movie Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show on November 8, 2009.
The show got mostly good reviews and many awards and nominations. Kids and adults from 31 million households in 30 different countries watched the show. The show became Cartoon Network's longest-airing show.
Characters
Edward "Ed-Single-D" Horace Wynn
Eddward "Edd-Double-D" - A boy with an orange t-shirt, purple cargo pants, red socks and black shoes. His outfit completes with a cap.
International Versions
Danish Dubbing ar: ukendt
Ed - Peter Secher Schmidt
Edd (Dobbel-D) - Vibeke Dueholm
Eddy - Soren Ulrichs
Flemming - Mille Hoffmeyer Lehfeldt
Johnny - Mathias Klenske
Karsten - Mikkel Christiansen
Sos - Mille Hoffmeyer Lehfeldt
Regner - Mathias Klenske
Sarah - Annevig Schelde Ebbe
Maja Klank - Annevig Schelde Ebbe
Marie Klank - Mille Hoffmeyer Lehfeldt
Lis Klank - Vibeke Dueholm
Other websites
Cartoon Network series
1999 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s American television series endings
2000s Canadian television series endings
American children's television series
Canadian children's television series
English-language television programs
Konolfingen District

The district of Konolfingen in the Swiss canton of Bern has 29 municipalities in an area of 214 km2.
CH-3672 Aeschlen bei Oberdiessbach
CH-3112 Allmendingen bei Bern
CH-3508 Arni
CH-3507 Biglen
CH-3674 Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach
CH-3533 Bowil
CH-3671 Brenzikofen
CH-3510 Freimettigen
CH-3506 Grosshochstetten
CH-3510 Hautligen
CH-3671 Herbligen
CH-3629 Kiesen
CH-3510 Konolfingen
CH-3434 Landiswil
CH-3673 Linden
CH-3532 Mirchel
CH-3110 Munsingen
CH-3504 Niederhunigen
CH-3672 Oberdiessbach
CH-3504 Oberhunigen
CH-3531 Oberthal
CH-3629 Oppligen
CH-3113 Rubigen
CH-3082 Schlosswil
CH-3502 Tagertschi
CH-3083 Trimstein
CH-3512 Walkringen
CH-3114 Wichtrach
CH-3076 Worb
CH-3532 Zaziwil
Konolfingen
James Norris Memorial Trophy

The James Norris Memorial Trophy is given out to the National Hockey League's best "defense player who demonstrates throughout the season the greatest all-round ability in the position". The James Norris Memorial Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 22 different players since it was first created in 1954. At the end of each season, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to decide the player who was the best defenseman during the regular season.
History
The trophy is named in honour of James E. Norris, owner of the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings from 1932 to 1952. The trophy was first awarded at the end of the 1953-54 NHL season.
Bobby Orr of the Boston Bruins won the award for a record eight seasons in a row (1968-75). Doug Harvey and Nicklas Lidstrom has won the award seven times, while Ray Bourque has won it five times during his career. The Boston Bruins have won the most Norris Trophies with 14. The Montreal Canadiens are second with 11.
There are only two players that have won both the Norris and Hart Memorial Trophy for the same season: Bobby Orr, who won both trophies for the 1969-70, 1970-71 and 1971-72 seasons, and Chris Pronger, who won the Hart and Norris for the 1999-2000 NHL season.
Seven different defensemen won the Hart Trophy before the Norris Trophy's establishment: Billy Burch, Eddie Shore (four times), Herb Gardiner, Albert "Babe" Siebert, Ebbie Goodfellow, Tommy Anderson and Babe Pratt.
The voting is done at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association, and each voter picks their top five candidates on a 10-7-5-3-1 points system. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL awards ceremony after the end of the playoffs.
Winners
Related pages
List of NHL players
List of NHL statistical leaders
References
General
James Norris Memorial Trophy history at NHL.com
James Norris Memorial Trophy history at Legends of Hockey.net
Specific
National Hockey League trophies and awards
Lenin in October

Lenin in October () is a 1937 Soviet drama movie directed by Mikhail Romm and Dmitri Vasilyev. The movie portrays the activities of Lenin at the time of the October Revolution. It stars Boris Shchukin, Nikolay Okhlopkov, and Vasili Vanin.
Actors
Boris Shchukin as Vladimir Lenin
Nikolay Okhlopkov as Vasily
Vasili Vanin as Matveyev
Vladimir Pokrovsky as Felix Dzerzhinsky
Nikolai Arsky as Blinov, worker
References
Other websites
1937 drama movies
Soviet drama movies
Movies directed by Mikhail Romm
Movies directed by Dmitri Vasilyev
Kip Hawley

Edmund Summers "Kip" Hawley III (November 10, 1953 - March 21, 2022) was an American politician and business executive. He was administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from July 27, 2005 to January 20, 2009.
Hawley died from lung cancer at his home in Pacific Grove, California on March 21, 2022, at the age of 68.
References
1953 births
2022 deaths
Politicians from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Mason Ramsey

Mason Ramsey (born c. 2006 or 2007) is an American singer and guitarist. He became known for singing Lovesick Blues in a Walmart in Golconda, Illinois on March 24, 2018. He released his debut single in 2018 titled "Famous".
In 2019, he announced he was going on a break from singing. He now plays basketball under the name Mason Blake.
In 2022, Ramsey revealed he is working at a Subway.
References
2000s births
Living people
American country singers
American country guitarists
American pop singers
American pop musicians
Singers from Illinois
Country musicians from Illinois
American voice actors
Actors from Illinois
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco

Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia y Velasco (17661840) was the dictator of Paraguay. He helped Paraguay become independent from Spain. Paraguay became independent from Spain in 1811. Francia y Velasco reigned from 1814 until his death in 1840.
Francia y Velasco believed that Paraquay should be self-sufficient. During his reign, almost no goods were imported, and only yerba mate was exported. Leaves and twigs of this herb, Ilex paraguariensis, are the basis of the drink called "mate".
Further reading
(An annotated publication of the archived collection of Francia's writings, the Coleccion Doroteo Bareiro, held by the "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"):
Other websites
Brief biography of Rodriguez de Francia
"Paraguay: The Rise of Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia"
"Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"
John Hoyt Williams, 'Paraguayan Isolation under Dr Francia: A Reevaluation' The Hispanic American Historical Review, volume 52, issue 1, Feb 1972 pp 102-22
1766 births
1840 deaths
Former dictators
Paraguayan politicians
First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1861. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President. Lincoln used his bible.
1861 in the United States
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln, Abraham
Bures-les-Monts

Bures-les-Monts is a former commune. It is in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Pargalı İbrahim Pasha

Parga was an ancient city of Greece. Ibrahim Pasha came from Parga. Ibrahim Pasha was the biggest vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
Ancient Greek cities
Ingrid Espelid Hovig

Ingrid Espelid Hovig (3 June 1924 - 3 August 2018) was a Norwegian television chef and author of cook books. With her appearances on her cooking show Fjernsynskjokkenet over 26 years, between 1970 and 1996, she came to be considered the "culinary mother" of Norway,she was called "the Julia Child of Norway" often. Hovig was born on Askoy, near Bergen.
Hovig died at the age of 94 on 3 August 2018 in Bergen.
References
Other websites
Ingrid Espelid Hovig profile Gyldendal publishing house
1924 births
2018 deaths
Norwegian writers
Chefs
Tabor

Tabor or tabret () refers to a portable snare drum played with one hand. The word "tabor" is simply an English variant of a Latin word meaning "drum" It has been used in the military as a marching instrument. It has also been used in parades.
References
Percussion instruments
Fort Abbas

Fort Abbas was formerly known as "Pholra". In 1927, Nawab Sir Sadiq Abbasi changed this name and gave it the name of his elder son, Muhammad Abbas.
History
Fort Abbas is a historic city of Bahawalnagar District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. This city is on the border and the language is Punjabi. Fort Abbas is a largest tehsil by land area. It is one of the five tehsils of Bahawal Nagar district. It is connected with other parts of the country through road and railway track. One side is connected with the Pakistan/India border. Internet, telephone, and mobile are available.
Fort Abbas has forest, desert and agricultural land. Major crops are wheat, cotton and sugar cane.
Historically it's part of Abbasi state Bahawalpur. Once River Ghagra passed through and the city was on the bank of the river. Now nothing is there, even the city fort is demolished.
Agriculture
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, BWN Campus made a research study on climate and agricultural conditions in Fort Abbas. They found that a lot of the area is not appropriate for crops and vegetation. There are lot of reasons behind it:
desert
water supply is not enough
people do not have agricultural knowledge and formal education
lake of phosphoros and zinc in land of Fort Abbas
Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Amy Uyematsu

Amy Uyematsu (October 18, 1947 - June 23, 2023) was a Japanese American poet who has written six highly acclaimed poetry collections.
Works
Prominent writer Naomi Hirahara called Uyematsu, "One of LA's finest poets." Her writing mainly focused on the discrimination she experienced as both an Asian-American and a woman. Much of her early work explored the origins of the yellow power movement, which was a campaign inspired by the Black Power movement that worked towards equal rights for Asian Americans. Uyematsu won the Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize for her first book, 30 Miles from J-Town, in 1992. She attended UCLA during the late 1960s and early 1970s, where she began writing poetry in response to anti-Asian racism in the U.S. that was largely caused by the ongoing Vietnam War. Uyematsu's activism spurred her to help start up UCLA's Asian American Studies Program immediately after her graduation. Her writing appeared in many anthologies and journals published internationally. Her essay from 1969, "The Emergence of Yellow Power in America," has had a lasting impact on Asian-American studies across the country, through her criticism of social inequities: "Although the race situation in America is not strictly analogous to white colonialism and imperialism, the blacks and yellows have suffered similar consequences as Third World people at the hands of the American capitalist power." Uyematsu was also an experienced educator and taught high school mathematics for over thirty years in Los Angeles.
References
American poets
1947 births
2023 deaths
Interface

An interface or shell is what the user uses on an operating system to make the computer do tasks, like writing a document, or loading a web page. There are two types of interfaces, a command line interface (CLI for short) - where people write commands to make the computer perform tasks, or a graphical user interface (GUI for short), where people use their Computer mouse to click on buttons to perform tasks.
Command line interface
See Command line interface.
Command line interfaces ask the user to type in commands in a text-based environment, not allowing images, like the screen image to the right.
For example, if the user wanted the computer to say "Hello World", he or she would:
have to type in what tells the computer that this is a command (we will use "say")
then have to tell the computer what to "say" ("Hello World" in quotation marks)
then press Enter or Return, giving the command to the computer, which is say "Hello World", so the computer prints Hello World.
This is hard to use for most people, mostly because when the user has to do a long command, he or she can miss a letter or two, so the computer shows an error, and he or she has to do it all over again, which can waste hours.
Graphical user interface
See Graphical user interface.
Graphical user interfaces are instead made of not only text, but also images. The first computer to do this was the Apple Lisa (1983).
The following operating systems can use graphical user interfaces:
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS X
Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu
Since the top operating systems (listed above) use graphical user interfaces, they are seen on every computer. Anyone can still use a command line interface on any computer very easily.
Related pages
Apple Macintosh is the original Macintosh was the first economic computer with a GUI
Xerox Alto is a very first computer with a GUI--but it wasn't easy to use
Microsoft Windows
References
Computer terminology
Aéro-Club de France

The Aero-Club de France (AeCF) is the oldest aeronautical institution in the world. It was created on 20 October 1898. It is in Paris.
The main activity of AeCF is to promote aviation and certification.
References
Other websites
Aviation in France
Aerospace engineering
Organizations based in Paris
1898 establishments in France
Albany, Georgia

Albany is a largest town, in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest town in Georgia.
Legendary singer Ray Charles was born in Albany in 1930.
References
Further reading
Carolyn Clive, Frances Davis, and Tom Liner, eds., Glancing Backward: Albany, Georgia, 1836-1986 (Albany, Ga.: Dougherty County School System and Sesquicentennial Publication Committee, 1986).
Lee W. Formwalt, "A Garden of Irony and Diversity," in The New Georgia Guide (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).
Joseph Winthrop Holley, You Can't Build a Chimney from the Top: The South through the Life of a Negro Educator (New York: William-Frederick Press, 1948).
Thronateeska Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, History and Reminiscences of Dougherty County, Georgia (1924; reprint, Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Co., 1978).
Works Progress Administration, Historical Background of Dougherty County, 1836-1940 (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1981).
Other websites
South Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
County seats in Georgia
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
St. Francisville, Louisiana

St. Francisville is a town in, and the parish seat of, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,712 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Baton Rouge city area.
References
Towns in Louisiana
Parish seats in Louisiana
West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Cleanin' Out My Closet

"Cleanin' Out My Closet" is a serious song by Eminem from the album The Eminem Show. It was released on September 17, 2002. Its lyrics are dealing with how people protest against his lyrics, his father abandoning his family and his mother's drug use.
In 2013, Eminem released the song "Headlights". In "Headlights", he says that he feels bad for the things he said about his mother and apologized to her. He also said that he didn't like "Cleanin' Out My Closet", refusing to play it at his concerts and cringing when he hears it.
The song was able to make it to #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and is certified 3x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
References
Other websites
"Cleanin' Out My Closet" on YouTube
2002 songs
Songs about drugs
Eminem songs
World Food Prize

The World Food Prize is an international award to recognize the achievements of individual(s) who have advanced and high human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world.
References
1986 establishments
Awards
Yang Cheng-wu

Yang Cheng-wu (; born 26 June 1972) is a Kinmenese politician. He is the Magistrate of Kinmen County. He won the 2018 municipality election of the Republic of China. The municipality election for magistrate was held on 24 November 2018. He took office on 25 December 2018.
Education
Yang has a bachelor's degree in economics from the Chinese Culture University. He also has a master's degree in business adminstration from the University of Westminster, United Kingdom.
Political career
Legislative Yuan
Yang became a Legislative Yuan member after winning the 2016 general election. He represents the Kinmen County Constituency. He is the ninth Legislative Yuan member for Kinmen.
Yang asked for Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Transportation and Communications to better cooperate with each other. This was in August 2017. He want the ministries to cooperate in the building of a helipad. He also wants them to cooperate to buy a helicopter. This will allow Kinmen residents to get medical treatment in Taiwan.
In October 2017, Yang participated in a local Kinmen referendum. The referendum is on whether to build a casino in Kinmen. He oppose the building of the casino. He also supported the referendum results. The result is not to build the casino.
On 5 August 2018, Yang attended a ceremony to mark the first day of operation of a pipeline. The pipeline is from Mainland China to Kinmen. It allowed Kinmen to import water from Mainland China.
2018 Kinmen County magistrate election
On 24 November 2018, Yang won the Kinmen County magistrate election. He defeated incumbent Chen Fu-hai.
Magistracy
Yang held his first official visit to Mainland China just about two month after he became magistrate. This visit is to help the Kinmen development. He led a group of officials from various departments of the county government to Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian. This is to promote the tourism and products of Kinmen.
On 12 August 2019, Yang, Penghu county Magistrate Lai Feng-wei and Lienchiang county Magistrate Liu Cheng-ying visited Beijing. They met with Taiwan Affairs Office Director Liu Jieyi requesting Mainland China government to stop banning Mainland Chinese tourists to the three counties. They were banned from travel as cross-strait relations were poor. The mainland government lifted the ban on 20 September 2019.
In late April 2020, Yang visited Wuqiu for the first time as magistrate. He stayed overnight on the island.
References
Living people
1972 births
Taiwanese politicians
Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a yeast which causes oral and genital infections in humans. The infection is candidiasis, better known as "thrush". It is treated with antimycotics (anti-fungal drugs).
C. albicans biofilms readily form on the surface of medical devices. Hospital-related infections in patients are a major health concern.
C. albicans is among the gut flora, the many organisms that live in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Under normal circumstances, it lives in 80% of the human population with no harmful effects, although overgrowth results in candidiasis.
Fungi
Lavrentis Machairitsas

Lavrentis Machairitsas (; 5 November 1956 - 9 September 2019) was a Greek rock musician and songwriter. He was born in Volos, Thessaly. Machairitsas began his solo career in 1989 as a writer and performer. His first album was O Magapas Kai I Sagapo, released by Minos-EMI. In 1991 he released Didymoteicho Blues, which was certified Gold. In 2016, Machairitsas performed at the Kaye Playhouse at Hunter College in New York during AKTINA's Greek Music Journey concert series.
Machaititsas died on 9 September 2019 of a heart attack in Athens at the age of 62.
References
1956 births
2019 deaths
Rock musicians
Greek songwriters
Toyoji Takahashi

was a Japanese football player. His grandfather Korekiyo Takahashi was a Prime Minister of Japan.
Biography
In 1936, when Takahashi was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but he did not play in the match. At this competition, Japan completed a come-from-behind victory first game against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (berurinnoQi Ji ) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.
After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University, Takahashi served in Imperial Japanese Navy. However on March 5, 1940, he died in an accident during training in Tateyama at the age of 26. He was the first dead member of his football team from the 1936 Olympics.
References
Other websites
Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association
1915 births
1940 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Aesch, Zürich

Aesch is a municipality of the district Dietikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Aesch Online Official website
Municipalities of Zurich
Albion, Oklahoma

Albion is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
References
Towns in Oklahoma
Indian National Army

The Indian National Army was the army of Azad Hind. Azad Hind was a state that existed on the territory which would later become India, Pakistan, and Myanmar. During the Second World War, they fought in what is known as Burma campaign today. After the war, Azad Hind was disbanded, and with it, the Indian National Army. The Indian National Army was the brainchild of Fujiwara Iwaichi and Pritam Singh Dhillon.
1942 establishments
1945 disestablishments
British India
1940s in India
Indian independence movement
National liberation movements
World War II
Indian military organizations
Thinhorn sheep

The thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli) is a hoofed animal in the family Bovidae. They live in northwestern North America.
There are about 115,000 thinhorn sheep alive. There are two subspecies of thinhorn sheep, the Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) and stone sheep (Ovis dalli stonei). Most thinhorn sheep are Dall sheep.
Most of the stone sheep live in British Columbia.
Appearance
These sheep are about 1.5 m high and can weigh up to 110 kg. The female sheep have small horns but the male sheep have larger horns that twist more as they get older. The horns are tan in color. The wool of Dall's sheep is almost pure white. The wool of the stone sheep is almost all black. Stone sheep's horns do not flare out as much and are lighter in color.
Behavior
These sheep live in mountains. In the summer, they come to grassy places to eat twigs, sage, buds, leaves and grass. These places are 1200 to 1500 meters above sea level. In the winter, they stay on the south sides of the mountains, where it is warmer. These places are about 1500 to 2200 meters above sea level. Although they do well in the cold, thinhorn sheep do not move easily through deep snow. They have short legs and small feet, so they cannot walk through snow or on top of it. Instead, they try to live in forests where the snow is not deep or near cliffs. They can climb the cliffs to get away from animals that want to eat them. They follow the same routes from summer places to winter places for generations.
Thinhorn sheep live in herds. Most of the time, the rams live together in a bachelor herd, and the ewes and young sheep live together in other herds. Male sheep leave the female herds when they are about two years old.
The sheep mate in November. Although younger rams can mate, it is mostly the older rams who actually do. Rams only fight each other if their horns are almost the same size. Otherwise, rams with smaller horns give way to rams with larger horns. Thinhorn rams do not fight each other as much as bighorn rams do.
The ewes give birth when the Spring plants are growing. The ewe climbs up into a rock place and gives birth. She and her lamb stay there for a few days before coming back down. This makes it harder for predators to find and eat the new lamb.
Predators
Golden eagles, wolves, bears, and wolverines eat thinhorn sheep. It is easiest for predators to catch sheep in bad winters, when the snow is deep and the spring comes later. The sheep are hungry and cannot run away quickly.
History
Thinhorn sheep and snow sheep became two separate species around the time the last ice age ended, 10,000 to 18,000 years ago.
References
Caprids
Mammals of North America
Emlain Kabua

Emlain Kabua (born February 1928 - 11 April 2023) was a Marshallese artist and political figure. She was the First Lady of the Marshall Islands and the wife of Marshallese President Amata Kabua. Kabua served as the first First Lady of the Marshall Islands from 1979 until 1996.
She is known for being the designer of the Flag of the Marshall Islands.
Kabua died on 11 April 2023, at the age of 95.
References
1928 births
2023 deaths
Marshallese people
Artists
Alfa Romeo 115

The Alfa Romeo 115 is a piston engine used on aircraft. It's made in Italy by Alfa Romeo in the 1930s. About 1,600 were made.
Variants
115-1
115bis
115ter
116-1
Users
Ambrosini SAI.3
Bestetti BN.1
Breda Ba.75
Breda Ba.79S
CANT Z.1012
Caproni Ca.164
Nardi FN.305
Nardi FN.315
Saiman 200
Ambrosini SAI.2S
Caproni Ca.309 Ghibli
Fiat G.46-1B
Fiat G.46-3B
Fiat G.46-4B
Ambrosini S.7
Fiat G.46-A
Fiat G.46-3A
Fiat G.46-4A
Adrian Bărar

Adrian Armand Barar (15 January 1960 - 8 March 2021) was a Romanian guitarist and composer. He was the founder of the Heavy metal band Cargo.
Barar died of COVID-19 on 8 March 2021 in his hometown of Timisoara during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania at the age of 61.
References
1960 births
2021 deaths
Romanian composers
Guitarists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania
McDonnell Douglas DC-9

The McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engine, short-range jet airliner seating 110 passengers.
Specifications
References
Douglas aircraft
Province of Milan

Milan () is a province in the region of Lombardy in Italy.
Milan
Allison Shearmur

Allison "Alli" Ivy Shearmur (nee Brecker; October 23, 1963 - January 19, 2018) was an American movie executive and producer. She worked for Walt Disney Studios, Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures and Lionsgate.
Her producing works include American Pie and Jason Bourne franchises, The Hunger Games movies, as well as the Star Wars Anthology movies Rogue One and the upcoming Solo.
Shearmur died of complications from lung cancer in Los Angeles, California on January 19, 2018 at the age of 54.
References
Other websites
1963 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie producers
Lincoln City F.C.

Lincoln City F.C. is an English football team currently playing in Football League one (the third tier of the English football league system).
The team play at the 10,127 capacity Sincil Bank in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, and are nicknamed the Imps after the legend of the Lincoln Imp. More recently, they have also been known as the Red Imps. Traditionally they play in red and white striped shirts with black shorts and red and white socks.
League position
Former position
English football clubs
1884 establishments in England
Sensor

A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a 'signal' which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury thermometer converts the measured temperature into the expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. Video cameras and a digital cameras have an image sensor.
There are many different types of sensors. Some are used in everyday objects, and some are separate.
Thermal sensors
A sensor that detects temperature. Thermal sensors are in many laptops and computers in order to sound an alarm when a certain temperature has been exceeded.
temperature sensors: thermometers, thermostats
heat sensors: bolometer, calorimeter
Electromagnetic sensors
An electronic device used to measure a physical quantity such as pressure or loudness and convert it into an electronic signal of some kind (e.g. a voltage).
electrical resistance sensors: ohmmeter
electrical voltage sensors: voltmeter
electrical power sensors: watt-hour meter
magnetism sensors: magnetic compass
metal detectors
Radar
An electromagnetic sensor is anything that can detect things like photons, electrons, magnetic fields etc. It can be as simple as a white wall, a sheet of white paper, etc., or as new as a charge-coupled device. When a laser is aimed at a detection screen, a bright spot can be seen on the screen, or when an electron hits the phosphors on another kind of screen, it makes that screen glow.
Mechanical sensors
Pressure sensors: barometer
Vibration and shock sensors
Motion sensors
A motion sensor detects physical movement in a given area.
Radar gun, tachometer
Speedometer
Car sensors
reversing sensor
curb feeler
Tools
Computer hardware
Data input
Harvard, Nebraska

Harvard is a city in Clay County, Nebraska, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 951.
References
Cities in Nebraska
Third Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It forbids the practice completely during peacetime. The amendment is a response to the Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament between the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. They allowed the British Army to house soldiers in private homes in the American colonies.
The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison. It was a part of the United States Bill of Rights in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792.
The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated. The American Bar Association called it the "runt piglet" of the U.S. Constitution. There were times when the US government probably violated this amendment. These include the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and during World War II in the Aleutian Islands. But as of 2015 it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision.
References
Other websites
National Constitution Center: Amendment III
CRS Annotated Constitution: Third Amendment
03
United States Bill of Rights
Hamed Karoui

Hamed Karoui (30 December 1927 - 27 March 2020) was Prime Minister of Tunisia from 27 September 1989 to 17 November 1999. From 1986 to 1987 he was Minister of Youth and Sports and from 1988 to 1989 he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the Constitutional Democratic Rally party. He was born in Sousse, Tunisia.
Karoui died on 27 March 2020 at his home in Sousse from COVID-19 at the age of 92.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Tunisia
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia
Condamine, Ain

Condamine is a commune. It is found in the region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France.
Communes in Ain
İrfan Gürpınar

Irfan Gurpinar (1943 - 7 December 2020) was a Turkish politician. He was born in Kirklareli, Turkey. He was Minister of Tourism from 1995 to 1996.
Gurpinar died of COVID-19 on 7 December 2020 in Ankara at the age of 77.
References
1943 births
2020 deaths
Turkish politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Kirklareli Province
Pablo Rosenkjer

Pablo Rosenkjer was an alpine skier from Argentina. Rosenkjer competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1952 Winter Olympics. He was born on 8 September 1930 and died on 7 February 2020.
References
Other websites
1930 births
2020 deaths
Skiers
Argentine Olympians
Bank of Ghana

The Bank of Ghana is the central bank of Ghana, in Accra. The Central Bank was formed in 1957.
History
In 1913, the West African Currency Board was created in London, which issued the West African pound, the common currency of the British colonies in West Africa.
The Bank of Ghana was established on March 4, 1957, which began operations on August 1 of the same year.
Officers
The first governor of the bank was Mr. Alfred Eggleston, the former Managing Director of BGC and an accomplished Scottish banker on secondment to Ghana from the Imperial Bank of India.
The first Board:
Alfred Eggleston, Chairman
Douglas F. Stone, Deputy Governor
R. S. Blay, Director
N. T. Clerk, Director
C. E. Osei, Director
R. C. Parkin, Director
In 1957, the bank opened six main departments:
The Governors' Office
The Administration/Personnel Department
The Banking Department
The Issue Department
Accounts/Audit Department
Economics/Statistics Department
References
Central banks
1957 establishments in Africa
Organizations based in Ghana
Dieter Moebius

Dieter Moebius (16 January 1944 - 20 July 2015) was a German-Swiss electronic musician. He founded a band Kluster in 1969.
References
Other websites
Official site
1944 births
2015 deaths
German musicians
Swiss musicians
Cliburn

Cliburn is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 204 people living in Cliburn. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.
References
Other websites
http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/location.php?url=cliburn
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Kumla kyrkby

Kumla kyrkby is a locality in Sala Municipality in Vastmanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 206 people lived there.
References
Settlements in Vastmanland County
Artemps

Artemps is a commune. It is in the Picardie region in the Aisne department in the north of France. In 2012, 360 people lived there.
Communes in Aisne
Bridstow

Bridstow is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. In 2011, there were 906 people living in Bridstow.
References
Villages in Herefordshire
Civil parishes in Herefordshire
Scandinavium

Scandinavium is an indoor sports stadium in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was opened in on 18 May 1971. The stadium mainly hosts Frolunda HC ice hockey home games.
Other websites
Indoor arenas
Stadiums in Sweden
Ice hockey in Sweden
Sport in Gothenburg
Buildings and structures in Gothenburg
Shubuta, Mississippi

Shubuta is a town in Clarke County, Mississippi, United States.
Towns in Mississippi
Kenton, Oklahoma

Kenton is a small unincorporated community in Cimarron County, Oklahoma, United States.
Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma
Wonka (movie)

Wonka is an upcoming musical fantasy film directed by Paul King from a screenplay written by Simon Farnaby and King. It is a prequel to to the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl and stars Timothee Chalamet as the title character, following his early days as an eccentric chocolatier. Keegan-Michael Key, Sally Hawkins, Rowan Atkinson, Olivia Colman, and Jim Carter star in supporting roles in the movie.
Wonka is scheduled to be released on 15 December 2023 by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Premise
Wonka will focus on a young Willy Wonka and his adventures prior to opening the world's most famous chocolate factory.
Cast
Timothee Chalamet as Willy Wonka
Keegan-Michael Key
Sally Hawkins
Rowan Atkinson
Olivia Colman
Jim Carter
Mathew Baynton
Tom Davis
Simon Farnaby
Rich Fulcher
Kobna Holdbrook-Smith
Paterson Joseph
Calah Lane
Matt Lucas
Colin O'Brien
Natasha Rothwell
Rakhee Thakrar
Ellie White
Murray McArthur
Tracy Ifeachor
References
2023 movies
American movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Upcoming movies
Jerónimo de Sousa

Jeronimo Carvalho de Sousa (; born 13 April 1947) is a Portuguese politician. He has been General Secretary of the Portuguese Communist Party since November 2004.
He is a member of the Assembly of the Republic. He was also a candidate for President of Portugal in the 2006 election.
References
1947 births
Living people
Communist politicians
Portuguese politicians