pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wix.com

Wix.com is a freemium online platform that allows users to create websites and Facebook pages.
It competes with Webs, Weebly, Yola and other web hosting and creation sites.
History
Wix was created in 2006 by Avishai Abrahami, Nadav Abrahami and Giora Kaplan. The company is located in Tel Aviv, with offices in San Francisco, New York City and Dnepropetrovsk. It is funded by investors Insight Venture Partners, Mangrove Capital Partners, Bessemer Venture Partners and Benchmark Capital.
It entered open-beta in 2008.
References
Websites established in 2006
Eau de toilette

Eau de toilette is a kind of perfume used to make skin smell nice. It is also called "aromatic waters". It is based on alcohol, its main ingredient. It is usually used on the skin after bathing or shaving. It is considered a "weak" and cheap version of perfume. Toilet water is defined as a dilute perfume (perfume is only ingredient mixed with alcohol and few other lowering the production cost). It was originally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.
References
Perfumery
Bolton Wanderers F.C.

Bolton Wanderers F.C. is an English football club. It is based 15 miles north of Manchester. The club plays in the English football league 1, the third tier league in England. Their home is the University of Bolton Stadium. It holds around 28,723 people. Their manager is Ian Evett. At home they play in a white shirt, navy blue shorts & white socks. Away they play in a navy blue shirt, white shorts and navy blue socks.
Name
1874-1877 Christ Church F.C.
1877-present Bolton Wanderers F.C.
League position
Former position
Premier League clubs
1874 establishments in England
Bolton
WarioWare: Touched!

WarioWare: Touched! is a minigame collection video game created by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. It is part of the Wario series, and it is the fourth WarioWare game. It was released in 2004 in Japan and in 2005 in North America and Europe.
The player can unlock other characters like the disco loving and large blue wig wearing Jimmy. T and the cyborg scientist Dr. Crygor. Each character has a special assortment of games, (except for wario and a few others which serve the purpose of mixing games) and special introductory story. The character Mike, a blue Karaoke robot built by Dr. Crygor, was introduced for this game, and all of his games use the built in microphone on the Nintendo DS for control. Feeding garlic to wario turns him into "Wario-Man" and unlocks new games, including knocking over dominoes as a Wario figure or stopping a spinning gear with an egg with Wario's face on it to make the egg fall. The player can change him back into regular Wario by feeding him a bomb item.
2004 video games
2005 video games
Nintendo Research & Development 1 games
Nintendo DS games
Platform games
Video game spin-offs
Virtual Console games
Video games developed in Japan
Wario
Story
Wario
Mona
Jimmy T.
Jamie T. (Remix)
Kat & Ana
Ashley & Red
Dr. Crygor
James T. (Remix 2)
Mike
9-Volt & 18-Volt
Wario-Man
Rowan Williams

Rowan Douglas Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth, DD, PC, FBA (born 14 June 1950) was the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury from 2002 until 2012. In this role he was the most senior bishop in the Church of England and the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Williams is a distinguished theologian and poet. He is the current Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He is married and has a daughter and son.
Williams was ordained as a priest in 1978, and was consecreated as a bishop in 1992. He served as Bishop of Monmouth from 1991. He held the office of Archbishop of Wales from 2000 until his election as Archbishop of Canterbury.
Following his retirement as archbishop, he was created a life peer as Baron Williams of Oystermouth.
References
Other websites
Archbishop of Canterbury official site
The Anglican Communion's official website
Canterbury Cathedral official site
Conservative Evangelical critique of the Archbishop's theology
"The Archbishop's guide to Muslim intolerance" - critical op-ed in Haaretz
Church must be 'safe place' for gay and lesbian people
1950 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Archbishops of Canterbury
People from Swansea
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Laika & the Cosmonauts

Laika & the Cosmonauts were a Finnish rock band. They were named for the Soviet Union space dog, Laika.
The band's genre was surf rock. A Boston Globe reviewer said their sound was "far beyond the limitations of any specific genre." They played mostly Finnish rautalanka (instrumental traditional) music.
Laika & the Cosmonauts were not well known in the United States. They were well-liked by many musicians. These include Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Mike Palm of the band, Agent Orange, and an early surf rock musician, Dick Dale. Al Jourgensen of Ministry said they are "the best f**king band in the world."
History
The band began in 1987. They still had the same members when they stopped making records in 2008. They toured the United States and Europe several times. The band also played several times on European television.
Laika & the Cosmonauts said in an email on April 23, 2008, that they were quitting after a twenty-year career. They ended with an American tour. The last shows were at the Continental Club in Austin, Texas in the autumn of 2008. A compilation album, Cosmopolis, was released at the same time as the tour.
Discography
C'mon Do the Laika 1988
Surfs You Right 1990
Instruments of Terror 1992
The Amazing Colossal Band 1995
Zero Gravity (US compilation) 1996
Absurdistan 1997
Laika Sex Machine (live) 2000
Local Warming 2004
Cosmopolis 2008 (Compilation)
References
Other websites
2004 NPR interview
Finpop.net interview with Matti Pitsinki
Review of band's live album from Atomic Magazine
mySpace - Laika & the Cosmonauts
Laika & the Cosmonauts Allmusic
Laika & the Cosmonauts MTV
Finnish musical groups
Rock bands
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
1987 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Finland
2008 disestablishments in Europe
Ol Doinyo Lengai

Ol Doinyo Lengai is a volcano in the East African Rift in Tanzania. The name means Mountain of God in the Maasai language.
Ol Doinyo Lengai is the only volcano in the world that erupts a rock known as carbonatite. This is a rock which has greater than 50% of carbonate minerals.
References
Other websites
Geography of Tanzania
Volcanoes of Africa
Carbonate rocks
Helix (gastropod)

Helix is a genus of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.
The genus Helix is known from the Oligocene onwards.
This genus is native to Europe and the regions around the Mediterranean Sea.
The best-known species include Helix aspersa, the common, or brown garden snail, and Helix pomatia, the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or edible snail. H. pomatia and some other species are eaten as escargots.
Helix snails have been introduced throughout the world, where some, especially H. aspersa, have become garden pests.
Snails in this genus create and use love darts during mating.
Helix snails prefer cool, damp environments, as they easily get dry. Snails are most active at night and after rainfall. During unfavourable conditions, a snail will remain inside its shell, usually under rocks or other hiding places, to avoid being discovered by predators. In dry climates snails will naturally congregate near water sources, including artificial sources such as waste-water outlets of air conditioners.
The common garden snail (Helix aspersa) is herbivorous. These snails are able to digest most vegetation including carrots and lettuce. They also have a specialized crop of symbiotic bacteria that help their digestion, especially by breaking down the polysaccharide cellulose into simple sugars.
References
Gastropods
Philadelphia Brigade

The Philadelphia Brigade was a brigade in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It got its name because its soldiers came from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was part of the Army of the Potomac.
Union Army
Philadelphia
Pastoralism

Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals known as Livestock are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horse and sheep.
References
Animal husbandry
Vârtop

Vartop is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Sheila Levine Is Dead and Living in New York

Sheila Levine Is Dead and Living in New York is a 1975 American black comedy movie directed by Sidney J. Furie and was based on the novel of the same name by Gail Parent. It stars Roy Scheider, Jeannie Berlin, Sid Melton, Rebecca Dianna Smith and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Other websites
1975 comedy movies
1970s black comedy movies
American black comedy movies
Movies directed by Sidney J. Furie
Movies based on books
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies set in New York City
F.C. Girondins de Bordeaux

F.C. Girondins de Bordeaux is a football club which plays in France.
League title
Division 1 / Ligue 1 : 6
1949/50, 1983/84, 1984/85, 1986/87, 1998/99, 2008/09
Division 2 : 1
1991/92
League position
Former position
French football clubs
Bordeaux
1880s establishments in France
1881 establishments in Europe
Justin Martyr

Justin Martyr ( AD 100 AD 165), also known as Saint Justin, was an early Christian from Nablus on the West Bank, who was martyred in Rome. He is known for his writings defending Christianity.
References
100s births
165 deaths
Christian saints
Dolichostyrax longipes

Dolichostyrax longipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1913 and is known from Borneo.
References
Cerambycidae
Billie Whitelaw

Billie Honor Whitelaw, CBE (6 June 1932 - 21 December 2014) was an English actress.
Whitelaw was born in Coventry and was raised in Bradford. She was known for working with Samuel Beckett. Whitelaw was known for her roles in The Omen and in Hot Fuzz.
Whitelaw died in Hampstead, London, England, aged 82.
References
Other websites
Video of Billie Whitelaw performing Beckett's Not I
BAFTA Award winning actors
1932 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Bradford
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
People from Coventry
James River (disambiguation)

The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia.
James River may also refer to:
Rivers:
James River (Alberta), in Canada
James River (Dakotas), in North & South Dakota, United States
James River (Missouri), in the United States
James River (Texas), in the United States
South Eastern franchise

The South Eastern franchise, also known as the Integrated Kent franchise, is a railway franchise for providing passenger services between London and Kent in South East England.
History
1996: Connex South Eastern
Connex South Eastern began operating the franchise on 13 October 1996
On 8 November 2003, Its services were stopped because of money problems and using old trains instead of buying new ones.
2003: South Eastern Trains
On 9 November 2003, South Eastern Trains, took over the franchise for 18 months. It took on all of the trains and the Connex staff.
2006: Southeastern (Govia)
In November 2005, Southeastern took over the franchise. It took on all of the trains.
In October 2021, Its services were stopped because it kept PS25 million instead of paying it back to Department for Transport.
2021: Southeastern (DfT)
On 17 October 2021, Southeastern took over the franchise. It took on all of the trains and staff. They had also kept the same name and same logos.
References
Rail transport in England
Ronan Farrow

Ronan Farrow (born Satchel Ronan O'Sullivan Farrow; December 19, 1987) is an American activist. He is the son of actress Mia Farrow. It is not known who his father is - it may be filmmaker Woody Allen or singer Frank Sinatra. He was born in New York City. He has written for The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, and other newspapers.
References
1987 births
Living people
American activists
People from New York City
Woody Allen
Portoscuso

Portoscuso (Portescusi) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 5,150 people lived there. Its area is 38.09 km2. It is 6 meters above sea level.
References
Other websites
Communes of Sardinia
National Mechanics

National Mechanics (Spanish:Mecanica nacional) is a 1972 Mexican comedy drama movie directed by Luis Alcoriza and starring Manolo Fabregas, Lucha Villa, Hector Suarez, Sara Garcia, Alma Muriel, Pancho Cordova, Aurora Clavel, Alejandro Ciangherotti.
Other websites
1972 comedy-drama movies
Mexican comedy movies
Mexican drama movies
Honey (disambiguation)

Honey is a sweet, edible fluid produced by bees.
Movies
There are two movies with this name in English
Honey (2010 movie), also called Bal, which won the 2010 Berlinale Golden Bear as Best Film
Honey (2003 movie), starring Jessica Alba
Fictional Characters
Honey Adams, a main character in the Disney Channel animated series North Woods
Kirby Star Allies

Kirby Star Allies is a 2018 platformer video game for the Nintendo Switch. It was released worldwide on March 16th, 2018. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It is part of the Kirby series.
Gameplay
Kirby Star Allies plays similarly to previous Kirby entries. Kirby can run and jump, and if the jump button is pressed multiple times, he can float. Kirby can inhale enemies to get copy abilities; special power-ups that are of a certain element or other thing (example: Fire).
References
2018 video games
Nintendo Switch games
Nintendo Switch-only games
Kirby
The Doll with Millions

The Doll with Millions () is a 1928 Soviet silent comedy movie directed by Sergei Komarov. It stars Igor Ilyinsky, Vladimir Fogel, and Galina Kravchenko.
Actors
Igor Ilyinsky as Pierre Cuisinai
Vladimir Fogel as Paul Cuisinai
Galina Kravchenko as Blanche
Ada Vojtsik as Maria Ivanova
Vladimir Chuvelyov
References
Other websites
Russian silent movies
Russian comedy movies
1928 comedy movies
Movies directed by Sergei Komarov
Soviet silent movies
Soviet comedy movies
Ageism

Ageism is when a person is treated badly only because of their age. Ageism can be discrimination by one person or by a part of society as a group. Discrimination is when a person is left out or abused by somebody who does not like something about them. For example, their facial features, their height or their skin.
There have been many issues at the British broadcasting company, BBC, dealing with people saying that they have issues with ageism. Ageism is often common in the entertainment industry where what a person looks like is felt by many to be important.
There are two targets for age discrimination: old people (also called senior citizens) and young people. Discrimination against old and young people can happen at places like job interviews. For example, a company might hire a worker who is about 30 years old instead of someone who is about 50 years old, or someone who is around 20 years old, regardless of skill level. Another common example of ageism is not allowing "minors", or young people, to vote, drink, drive, work, marry, gamble, or give sexual consent.
References
Discrimination
Flow chart

A flow chart, also known as a flowchart, is a type of diagram, made of boxes and arrows. It can be used to show:
An algorithm, a step-by-step list of directions that need to be followed to solve a problem
A process, a series of stages in time where the last stage is the product, result or goal.
The planned stages of a project.
The flow chart uses boxes, arrows and other elements:
Boxes show the process operations, the various steps and actions.
Arrows show the order of the steps, and/or different options.
Other elements representing materials involved, decisions, people, time or process measurements.
Flowchart building blocks
Common Shapes
The following table shows some of the most common shapes used in flowcharts. Generally, flowcharts are read from top to bottom and left to right. Reading flowcharts can also be called "flowing".
Software
There are many different types of software that deal with making flowcharts. Some types of software allow users to design flowcharts that can be used to help them design a program easier. Other applications can also create programs based on the flowchart that the user designed. Some software that deal with making flowcharts include diagrams.net, Google Drawings, LibreOffice Draw, Microsoft Visio, yEd, and Inkscape.
Related pages
Chart
Diagram
References
Charts
Management
Sharlene Whyte

Sharlene Natasha Whyte (born 19 May 1976) is an English actress, known for portraying Jenny Edwards in the CBBC drama series The Story of Tracy Beaker and Adanna Lawal in the BBC school-based drama series Waterloo Road. As well as starring in various stage productions, she has also made appearances in television series such as Doctors, Casualty, Silent Witness, Coronation Street, Sadie J, We Hunt Together and Stephen.
Biography
Whyte is of Grenadian descent. She trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1996 till 1999.
Other websites
1976 births
Living people
English television actors
English stage actors
English movie actors
People from Nottingham
The Runaways (movie)

The Runaways is a 2010 biographical movie. Dakota Fanning plays Cherie Currie. Kristen Stewart plays the singer Joan Jett. This movie is about the 1970s all-girl rock group called The Runaways. It begins around 1975.
The Runaways got mostly positive review by critics. It was released on March 19, 2010.
2010s biographical movies
2010 movies
American independent movies
Movies about singers
Monaco Grand Prix

The Monaco Grand Prix (Grand Prix de Monaco) is a Formula One race held each year on the Circuit de Monaco. Run since 1929, it is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Winners
Repeat winners (drivers)
Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
Repeat winners (constructors)
Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)
Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
* Between 1998 and 2005 built by Ilmor, funded by Mercedes
** Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford
*** Built by Porsche
By year
A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.
References
Formula One Grands Prix
Bunryaku

, also romanized as Bunreki, was a after Tenpuku and before Katei. This period started in November 1234 and ended in September 1235. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Bunryaku Era
18 June 1234 (Bunryaku 1, 20th day of the 5th month): Former Emperor Chukyo died.
31 August 1234 (Bunryaku 1, 6th day of the 8th month): Former Emperor Go-Horikawa died.
1234 (Bunryaku 1, 12th month): Kujo Yoritsune is raised to the 1st rank of the 3rd class in the court hierarchy.
Related pages
Kamakura period
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
1234
1235
1230s in Japan
Open research

Open research is research that is openly accessible, usable, editable, and distributable by anyone for any purpose, even commercially. Open research is licensed with an open license that authorizes use of the content as described above.
Related pages
Open science
Open content
Open knowledge
Open data
Openness
References
Other websites
openresearch.org
Research
Open science
Cancer of unknown primary origin

Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP, "occult cancer") is a term used to describe a cancer that is said to be at the metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis, but a primary tumor cannot be identified. A diagnosis of CUP requires a clinical picture with metastatic disease and one or more biopsy results inconsistent with a primary tumor.
CUP is found in about 3 to 5% of all people diagnosed with invasive cancer, and carries a poor prognosis in most (80 to 85%) of those circumstances. The other 15 to 20% of patients, however, have a relatively long survival with appropriate treatment.
References
Cancer
Headphones

Headphones are electronic audio device that people wear over their ears. They let people hear sounds on a walkman, MP3 player, mobile phone or computer. Headphones come in many different sizes from big to small. They are also known as earphones, stereophones, headsets or even 'cans'. Earbuds are inserted into the ear. Headphones typically uses small plug for connection. Some use a Bluetooth connection so they don't have the cord in the way. Some sources say Bluetooth headphones are riskier than wired headphones because of the radiation emitted by Bluetooth.
There is a risk of deafness if listening to headphones with a high volume for a long time.
References
Audio technology
The Ural Front

The Ural Front () is a 1944 Soviet war movie directed by Sergey Gerasimov. It stars Tamara Makarova, Viktor Dobrovolsky, and Sofya Khalyutina.
Actors
Tamara Makarova as Anna Sviridova
Viktor Dobrovolsky as Anikeyev
Sofya Khalyutina as Maria Gavrilovna
Vladimir Solovyov as Yegor Sviridov
Sergei Blinnikov as Prikhodko
Georgi Kovrov as Chernykh
References
Other websites
1944 war movies
Soviet war movies
Movies directed by Sergei Gerasimov
Jun Hong Lu

Jun Hong Lu (, 4 August 1959 - 10 November 2021) was a Chinese-born Australian alleged cult leader. He was the founder and leader of the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door organisation. He was born in Shanghai, China.
Lu died on 10 November 2021 in Sydney, Australia from an illness, aged 62.
References
1959 births
2021 deaths
People from Shanghai
People from Sydney
Ambrose Rogers

Ambrose Rodgers is a Gaelic footballer who plays for Down. He is the current captain and was also the captain of the Down Under-21 team in 2005 when they won the Ulster Under-21 Football Championship.
References
Irish footballers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ernest Solvay

Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (16 April 1838 - 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist, politician and philanthropist.
In 1861, he made the ammonia-soda process to make soda ash. The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process.
He founded the company Solvay & Cie. The first factory was at Couillet in 1863. Soon, Solvay process plants were in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Austria. Today, about 70 Solvay process plants are still working worldwide.
In 1903, he founded the Solvay Business School which is part of the Free University of Brussels.
He elected two times to the Belgian Senate. He was Minister of State at the end of his life. Solvay, New York and Rosignano Solvay, the locations of the first Solvay process plants in the United States and in Italy, are named after him.
Solvay died at Ixelles.
1838 births
1922 deaths
Belgian chemists
Belgian politicians
Belgian businesspeople
People from Hainaut (province)
European philanthropists
John Lee Hooker

John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1917 - June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter born in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi.
Biography
Early life
Hooker was born on August 22, 1917 in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was born to William Hooker and Minnie Ramsey and was the youngest of eleven children. He and his siblings were home-schooled and they were only allowed to listen to religious songs. His parents separated in 1921 and his mother married William Moore, a blues singer the next year. Moore introduced Hooker to the guitar. John would later credit Moore for his distinctive playing style.
Later life
All through the 1930s, Hooker lived in Memphis where he worked on Beale Street and sometimes performed at house parties. In 1948, he started working at Ford Motor Company.
Career
Hooker's early solo songs were recorded by Bernie Besman. John Lee Hooker rarely played on a standard beat, changing tempos to fit the songs. This made it nearly impossible to add backing tracks.
Pop culture
Hooker appeared and sang in the 1980 movie The Blues Brothers. He recorded over 100 albums.
In 1989, he played with Keith Richards, Carlos Santana and Bonnie Raitt to record The Healer and won a Grammy Award. Hooker recorded lots of songs with Van Morrison, including "Never Get Out of These Blues Alive", "The Healing Game" and "I Cover the Waterfront".
Death
He fell ill just before a tour of Europe in 2001 and died soon afterwards at the age of 83. The last song Hooker recorded before his death, is "Ali D'Oro".
Quotes
"It don't take me no three days to record no album." (during the recording of the double album Hooker 'N Heat with Canned Heat.)
"I don't play a lot of fancy guitar. I don't want to play it. The kind of guitar I want to play is mean, mean licks." (when describing his own music in an article from The Daily News, Atlanta, Ga. 1992)
"Women are like wet bars of soap. Hold on to em too hard and they pop outta your hands." (as spoken to Randy Wilkinson in New Orleans 1983, friend and road manager)
Albums
References
Other websites
Official John Lee Hooker Site
John Lee Hooker 1980 Blues Foundation Induction into Hall of Fame
The Boom Boom Room San Francisco nightclub founded by Hooker
1917 births
2001 deaths
American blues musicians
American blues singers
American guitarists
Blues guitarists
Musicians from Mississippi
Singers from Mississippi
United States Secretary of State

The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State. This department deals with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet. This person is the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence. The President chooses the person they want to be Secretary of the State. The United States Senate must agree with this choice for the person to become the Secretary of State.
The position of Secretary of State was created on April 6, 1789. Thomas Jefferson was the first Secretary. The Presidential order of succession lists the Secretary of State as the 4th person in line if something happens to the President.
Duties
The first duties of the Secretary of State included:
Publication, distribution, and preservation of the laws of the United States
Managing the commissions of people the President puts into office.
Custody of the Great Seal of the United States
Custody of the records of the former Secretary of the Continental Congress, except for those of the Treasury and War Departments
The following are the responsibilities of the Secretary of State. These were added to the duties over time.
In control of the United States Department of State and the United States Foreign Service.
Adviser to the President on matters dealing with other countries. This includes choosing diplomats to other nations and dealing with diplomats from other nations.
Takes part in high-level negotiations with other countries. The Secretary deals with both single nations and international conferences or organizations. This includes the negotiation of international treaties.
In control of the direction, coordination, and supervision of activities of the U.S. Government in other countries when more than one government department is involved.
Support U.S. citizens living or traveling in other countries. This includes information, passports, visas and other services.
Supervises the United States immigration policy in other countries.
Communicates problems dealing with the United States foreign policy to Congress and to U.S. citizens.
List of Secretaries of State
Living former secretaries of state
As of , there are seven living former secretaries of state, the oldest being Henry Kissinger (served 1973-1977). The most recent death of a former secretary of state was that of Madeleine Albright (served 1997-2001) on March 23, 2022. The living former secretaries of state, in order of service, are:
References
1789 establishments in the United States
Tony Christie

Anthony Fitzgerald (born 25 April 1943), known professionally as Tony Christie, is an English musician, singer and actor. He is best known for his recording of "(Is This The Way To) Amarillo", a double UK chart success.
References
1943 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
English pop singers
English rock singers
English rock musicians
Actors from Yorkshire
Musicians from Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire
Kim Chwa-chin

Kim Chwa-chin(hangul:gimjwajin, Jin Zuo Zhen , November 24 1889 - January 24 1930) was one of politician, reform activists and independent activists of Korea. nickname was Baikya (baegya, Bai Ye ) also Chinese style name was Myungyeo (myeongyeo, Ming Ru ).
References
http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b03g1946b
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1073114&mobile&categoryId=200001081
http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=3887
1889 births
1930 deaths
Anti-communists
Terrorists
Korean politicians
Murder victims
Autobiographers
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019

The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 was the seventeenth edition of the contest. It took place at the Gliwice Arena, Gliwice-Silesia, Poland on 24 November 2019, Polish broadcaster Telewizja Polska (TVP) was the host broadcaster for the event. The motto for the contest was "Share the joy".
Results
On 18 July 2019, it was confirmed that nineteen countries would take part in the contest. Spain marked their first appearance since 2006, while Azerbaijan and Israel did not return.
Score sheet
12 points
Below is a summary of all 12 points received from each country's professional juries.
Spokespersons
The following people announced the jury 12 points for their respective country:
Szymon
Karolina
Alisa Khilko and Khryusha
Magdalena
Violeta Leal
Anastasia Garsevanishvili
Emilia Niewinskaja
Paula
Cadi Morgan
Aruzhan Khafiz
Marianna Jozefina Piatkowska
Leo Kearney
Darina Krasnovetska
Anne Buhre
Erik Antonyan
Zofia
Maria Iside Fiore
Efi Gjika
Bojana Radovanovic
References
Other websites
2019 in Europe
2019 in music
Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Saint-Mars-sous-Ballon

Saint-Mars-sous-Ballon is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Ballon-Saint-Mars.
References
Former communes in Sarthe
Crèvecœur-en-Auge

Crevecoeur-en-Auge is a former commune. It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mezidon Vallee d'Auge.
References
Former communes in Calvados
Diamondhead, Mississippi

Diamondhead is a city in southeastern Hancock County, Mississippi, United States. The city is located just over northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana. At the time of the 2010 census, when Diamondhead was an unincorporated census-designated place, the population was 8,425.
References
Cities in Mississippi
Badminton Europe

Badminton Europe (BE) is the governing body of badminton in Europe. It is one of the five continental bodies under the flag of the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It now has 53 member associations and 1 associate member. It was founded on 27 September 1967 in Frankfurt, Germany.
On its annual meeting held on 8 April 2006 the members decided to change the name from European Badminton Union (EBU), to Badminton Europe (BE).
References
Other websites
Official website
1967 establishments in Europe
Sports governing bodies in Europe
Badminton
Organizations based in Denmark
June Preston

June Preston (December 29, 1928 - May 11, 2022) was an American former child actress and singer. She worked with RKO Pictures in the 1930s. She played Mrs. Blewett's daughter in the 1934 movie Anne of Green Gables. When she got older, she became an opera singer. During her child acting career, she was called the "next Shirley Temple".
Preston was born in Glendale, California and was raised in Temple, Texas. She studied at Seattle University.
Preston died on May 11, 2022 at her home in Montclair, New Jersey from problems caused by dementia, aged 93.
References
Other websites
1928 births
2022 deaths
American child actors
American movie actors
Opera singers
Actors from Glendale, California
Actors from Texas
Singers from California
Singers from Texas
Deaths from dementia
Family of Joe Biden

The Biden family is a prominent political family based in the United States, who have been long active and prominent in American politics, public service, law, activism, education and have held many political offices and roles in the state and federal government of the United States.
The Biden's became the immediate first family of the United States, when Joe Biden inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021. They were previously the second family of the United States, when Biden was the 47th vice president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The Biden family is of Irish, Italian, French, and English descent.
Joe Biden
American families
Marie de' Medici

Marie de' Medici (, ; 26 April 1575 - 3 July 1642), was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV of France of the House of Bourbon, her regent was succeeded by her son Louis XIII of France.
1575 births
1642 deaths
Ellis County, Kansas

Ellis County (county code EL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In the 2010 census, 28,452 people lived there. The county seat and biggest city is Hays.
History
Ellis County was created on February 26, 1867.
Geography
The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that is land and (0.05%) is water.
Bordering counties
Rooks County (north)
Osborne County (northeast)
Russell County (east)
Rush County (south)
Ness County (southwest)
Trego County (west)
Major highways
Interstate 70
US-183
People
The Hays Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Ellis County.
Government
Education
Unified school districts
Ellis USD 388
western third of county; small portion in extreme eastern Trego County
Victoria USD 432
eastern third of county to Russell county line
Hays USD 489
extends to Rooks and Rush county lines and about five miles each way on I-70 from city center
Private schools
Holy Family Elementary in Hays
St. Mary's Elementary in Ellis
Thomas More Prep-Marian High in Hays
Colleges and Universities
Fort Hays State University
North Central Kansas Technical College
Communities
Cities
Ellis
Hays
Schoenchen
Victoria
Census-designated places
Catharine
Munjor
Other unincorporated places
Antonino
Emmeram
Pfeifer
Toulon
Turkville
Walker
Yocemento
Defunct settlements
Chetolah
Hog Back
Rome
Smoky Hill City
Stockrange
Townships
Ellis County is divided into nine townships. The cities of Ellis and Hays are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
References
Other websites
County
Ellis County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
Ellis County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society
1867 establishments in Kansas
Kansas counties
Merryville, Louisiana

Merryville is a small town in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Towns in Louisiana
Settlements in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana
Valentin Shurchanov

Valentin Sergeevich Shurchanov (19 April 1947 - 18 December 2020) was a Russian politician and journalist. He was born in Kanashsky District, Soviet Union. From 1999 to 2003 and again from 2007 until his death, Shurchanov was a member of the State Duma. He was a member of the Communist Party.
Shurchanov died on 18 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Moscow, aged 73.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Russian politicians
Russian journalists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Brandon Marshall

Brandon Marshall (born March 23, 1984) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was selected by the Denver Broncos out of the University of Central Florida, with the 119th overall pick in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Marshall has also played for the Miami Dolphins, where he wore #19. He holds a record for the most catches in a single game with 21, a record set in 2009 while Marshall was with the Broncos. Throughout his football career, Marshall has been respected as a good player, often one who is hard to tackle.
References
1984 births
Living people
African American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Chicago Bears players
People with borderline personality disorder
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Camilla Wicks

Camilla Dolores Wicks (August 9, 1928 - November 25, 2020) was an American violinist. She was one of the first female violinists to create a major international career. Her performing career included solo appearances with leading European and American symphony orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra and Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Wicks died on November 25, 2020 at the age of 92.
References
1928 births
2020 deaths
American violinists
Musicians from Long Beach, California
La Losilla

La Losilla is a municipality found in the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon in Spain.
Municipalities in Castile and Leon
Settlements in Soria
Alexander Gusev (ice hockey)

Alexander Vladimirovich Gusev (; 21 January 1947 - 22 July 2020) was a Russian Soviet ice hockey player. He participated at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, where the Soviet team won the gold medal. He was born in Moscow.
Vladimirovich Gusev died on 22 July 2020, aged 73.
References
1947 births
2020 deaths
Russian ice hockey players
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Moscow
Delhi, Ontario

Delhi is a tobacco town in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada that has fewer than 5000 people. It has a public library, a convience store, a cemetery, a funeral home, various other stores, and a tobacco museum.
The town also has a high school that has been threatened with closure numerous times by the school board for lack of attendance. Children from this town participate in little league baseball, ice hockey, and competitive swimming.
Towns in Ontario
Ballata

Ballata is a type of music that was popular during the Middle Ages.
Music genres
Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia (Greek: Agia Sophia, meaning the Holy Wisdom) is a religious building in the eastern Bosporus of Istanbul, Turkey. It was originally a Byzantine Eastern Orthodox cathedral and was turned into a mosque after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire.
The walls and floor of the building are from the Late Antiquity and the decorations, including mosaics and frescoes, are mostly from the Middle Ages.
History
Cathedral
Hagia Sophia was the third church built in this location. It was built between 532 and 537 as the cathedral of Constantinople, the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great ordered the construction. The architects were Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. Greek historian Procopius wrote about Hagia Sophia's construction. The building's roof (a large dome) fell and had been rebuilt many times. An earthquake in 994 damaged the cathedral, it was rebuilt by Trdat the Architect.
Hagia Sophia was used as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral until 1453, except during the Latin Empire when it was turned into a Roman Catholic cathedral.
Mosque
In 1453, after the Fall of Constantinople, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror turned Hagia Sophia into a mosque.
It became a museum in 1935 after the decision of the secularist Turkish government under Kemal Ataturk in 1934. In July 2020, the Islamist Turkish government under Tayyip Erdogan ordered the Hagia Sophia to be turned back into a mosque following a supreme court annulment of a 1934 presidential decree that made it a museum.
Other websites
References
Mosques in Turkey
Eastern Orthodox Church
Cathedrals
6th-century buildings and structures
Shelley Fabares

Michele Ann Marie Fabares (born January 19, 1944), better known through the stage name Shelley Fabares, is an American movie and television actress and pop singer. Her acting career started around 1947 at age three. She played Mary in The Donna Reed Show. She played Christine Armstrong in the ABC sitcom Coach.
Fabares was born in Santa Monica, California. She was married to Lou Adler from 1964 until they divorced in 1980. In 1984, she married Mike Farrell. Her aunt was actress Nanette Fabray.
References
Actors from Santa Monica, California
1944 births
Living people
American pop singers
Democrats (United States)
Singers from California
American movie actors
American television actors
Frank Barnaby

Frank Charles Barnaby (27 September 1927 - 1 August 2020) was an English nuclear physicist. He worked at the Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group.
Barnaby was Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) from 1971 to 1981. In 1981, Barnaby became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.
References
1927 births
2020 deaths
English physicists
Hückel's rule

In organic chemistry, Huckel's rule is a rule that help to determine if a molecule has the properties of an aromatic compound. It is named after chemist Erich Huckel, who formulated it in 1931. A well known compound that fulfills the rule is Benzene.
Organic chemistry
Kevin Hern

Kevin Ray Hern (born December 4, 1961) is an American businessman and politician. He is a Republican. He is a member of the United States House of Representatives for since 2018.
In the eighth ballot of the 2023 Speaker of the House of Representatives election, Hern received 2 votes, while he himself voted for Kevin McCarthy. He was nominated on the ninth round of voting by Lauren Boebert. He received 3 votes.
References
1961 births
Living people
United States representatives from Oklahoma
Businesspeople from Missouri
Businesspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Politicians from Missouri
Republican Party (United States) politicians
Jack Davis (industrialist)

John "Jack" Davis (born 1933) is an American industrialist and perennial candidate. Davis is the owner of I Squared R Element Company, which he founded in the 1960s.
Davis ran four times for New York's 26th congressional district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives between 2004 and 2011, three times as a Democrat (twice as the general election candidate against incumbent Tom Reynolds and a third time in a three-way primary) and once as an independent.
References
1933 births
Living people
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Politicians from New York (state)
Independent politicians in the United States
You Are Old, Father William

"You Are Old, Father William" is a poem by Lewis Carroll. It appears in his 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It is recited by Alice in Chapter 5.
The poem
"You are old, Father William," the young man said,
"And your hair has become very white;
And yet you incessantly stand on your head--
Do you think, at your age, it is right?"
"In my youth," Father William replied to his son,
"I feared it might injure the brain;
But now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,
Why, I do it again and again."
"You are old," said the youth, "as I mentioned before,
And have grown most uncommonly fat;
Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door--
Pray, what is the reason of that?"
"In my youth," said the sage, as he shook his grey locks,
"I kept all my limbs very supple
By the use of this ointment--one shilling the box--
Allow me to sell you a couple."
"You are old," said the youth, "and your jaws are too weak
For anything tougher than suet;
Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak--
Pray, how did you manage to do it?"
"In my youth," said his father, "I took to the law,
And argued each case with my wife;
And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw,
Has lasted the rest of my life."
"You are old," said the youth, "one would hardly suppose
That your eye was as steady as ever;
Yet you balanced an eel on the end of your nose--
What made you so awfully clever?"
"I have answered three questions, and that is enough,"
Said his father; "don't give yourself airs!
Do you think I can listen all day to such stuff?
Be off, or I'll kick you down the stairs!
19th-century British poems
1860s poems
Suranimala Rajapaksha

Jayasinghe Rajapakse Mohottige Don Suranimala Rajapaksha (Sinhala:surniml raajpkss) (5 January 1949 - 14 March 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was first elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in 1994. He was the Minister of School Education in Republic Socialist of Sri Lanka in 2001 to 2004. He was a member of the United National Party (UNP) and a member of UNP Working Committee. He was appointed as the Coordinating secretary to the Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe on 27 January 2015.
Rajapaksha died on 14 March 2016 at a hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka from renal failure. He was aged 67.
References
1949 births
2016 deaths
Sri Lankan politicians
Golden mole

Golden moles are small, insectivorous burrowing mammals native to southern Africa. They form the family Chrysochloridae. They are taxonomically distinct from the true moles. They look alike because of convergent evolution.
The golden moles bear a remarkable resemblance to the marsupial moles of Australia. They live almost exclusively underground, beneath grassland, forest, swamps, deserts, or mountainous terrain. Like several other burrowing mammals with similar habits, they have short legs with powerful digging claws, very dense fur that repels dirt and moisture, and tough skin, particularly on the head. Their eyes do not work, and covered with skin and fur. The ears are just tiny openings and, like the marsupial moles, they have an enlarged leather-like pad to protect their nostrils. Their main sense is that of touch, and they are particularly sensitive to vibrations that may indicate approaching danger.
References
Mammals of Africa
Ichinobe-no Oshiwa

was the eldest son of Japanese Emperor Richu; and he was the father of sons who would become known as Emperor Kenzo and Emperor Ninken.
No firm dates can be assigned to the lives or reigns of this period, but the reign of Emperor Anko is considered to have lasted from 456 to 479; and Oshiwa died during Anko's reign.
Traditional history
According to the Nihonshoki, Oshiwa was killed in a hunting accident by Emperor Yuryaku. His sons were adopted as heirs by Emperor Seinei. They are known as Prince Woke (or Kenzo-tenno) and as Prince Oke (or Ninken-tenno).
References
5th-century births
5th-century deaths
Japanese imperial family
Accidental deaths