pszemraj/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is a group that works to create a state for Palestinians. The group was created in 1964. It represents Palestinians in diplomatic relations to other countries. It has held observer status at the United Nations since 1974.
The PLO used violence to try and get what they wanted, which was land from the Israelis that they lost in the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. The PLO wants the right of return for Palestinian refugees. There were many cases of fighting between the PLO and the Israeli army.
There are two factions in the organization: Fatah and Hamas. From 1993 to 1998, the PLO made agreements with Israel that created the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The PNA is in charge of governing Gaza and the West Bank. The leader of the PLO at the time was Yasser Arafat. He signed a series of peace treaties called the Oslo Accords with Yitzhak Rabin who was the Prime Minister of Israel at the time. Many politicians in the PLO and Israel did not agree with the Accords. Far right Israeli Yigal Amir who disagreed very much with the agreements killed Israeli prime minister Rabin.
Mahmoud Abbas has been leading the PLO as successor of Arafat since 29 October 2004 (acting until 11 November 2004).
References
Politics of Palestine
Nationalist organizations in Palestine
1964 establishments in Asia
Arab-Israeli conflict
Tayside children's sleep questionnaire

The Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire is a list of questions to help doctors find possible issues with a young child's sleep. It helps to find out if there are problems staying asleep or falling asleep. The questions are answered by the child's parents. The questions ask about when the child goes to sleep and if the child walks while sleeping. The list of questions was validated to make sure it really tells us about sleep issues. Some scientists have also used the list of questions to do research.
References
Rajendra Laxmi Gaire

Rajendra Laxmi Gaire is a politician in Nepal and a member of the Communist Party of Nepal, is known by his Nepali name of (Unified Marxist-Leninist). She was chosen in the Nepalese National Assembly election of 2022 and is also a member of the Rashtriya Sabha.
References
Other websites
sdsyhru
Living people
Nepalese politicians
Carlo Bergonzi

Carlo Bergonzi (July 13, 1924 - 25 July 2014) was an Italian tenor. He performed in Italian operas, especially in the works of Giuseppe Verdi. He was noted for his very good musical skills and style.
Life and career
Bergonzi was born in Vidalenzo, near Parma, Italy. He studied in Parma with Grandini. His first performance was in 1948 in Lecce, as Figaro in Il Barbiere di Siviglia. For that, he sang as a baritone. After more studies, he retrained himself as a tenor. His first performance as a tenor was in 1951 in Bari, as Andrea Chenier. That same year, on the 100th anniversary of Verdi's death, he sang on Italian radio in several Verdi works, such as I Due Foscari, Giovanna d'Arco, Simon Boccanegra, etc.
He first sang at La Scala in Milan in 1953, at the Chicago Lyric Opera in 1955, the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1956, and the Royal Opera House in London in 1962.
He sung most of the leading roles in Italian opera, notably Nemorino, Edgardo, Ernani, Macduff, Duke of Mantua, Alfredo, Riccardo, Alvaro, Carlo, Radames, Enzo, Turriddu, des Grieux, Rodolfo, Cavaradossi, Pinkerton, etc. He made many recordings, notably a recording of Verdi's complete tenor arias. This remains a unique achievement.
He died in Milan.
References
Sources
The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.
1924 births
2014 deaths
Musicians from Emilia-Romagna
Italian tenors
Mircea Tuli

Mircea Tuli is a weightlifter from Romania. Mircea competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 December 1957.
References
Other websites
1957 births
Living people
Romanian weightlifters
Romanian Olympians
Williamsport, Maryland

Williamsport is a town in Washington County, Maryland, United States.
Towns in Maryland
Petteri Orpo

Antti Petteri Orpo (; born 3 November 1969) is a Finnish politician serving as the Prime Minister of Finland since 2023. He has been the leader of the National Coalition Party since 2016. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2017 to 2019 and Minister of Finance from 2016 to 2019.
In April 2023, Orpo's National Coalition Party won the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election. He is set to be named the lead government formation negotiator and prime minister candidate when the new parliament and President meet shortly after the election.
References
1969 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of Finland
Prime Ministers of Finland
Current national leaders
Gérard Latortue

Gerard Latortue (19 June 1934 - 27 February 2023) was a Haitian politician and diplomat who served as the prime minister of Haiti from 12 March 2004 to 9 June 2006. He was an official in the United Nations for many years, and briefly served as foreign minister of Haiti during the short-lived 1988 administration of Leslie Manigat.
Latortue has three children. His daughter, Alexia, currently serves in the United States Department of the Treasury.
Latortue died on 27 February 2023 in Boca Raton, Florida at the age of 88.
References
Prime Ministers of Haiti
1934 births
2023 deaths
Écouen

Ecouen is a commune. It is in Ile-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north France.
Ecouen is known for the Chateau d'Ecouen, home of the Montmorency family. This chateau, built during the Renaissance, houses the Musee national de la Renaissance, the largest Renaissance museum in France.
References
Communes in Val-d'Oise
Kill la Kill

is an anime series written by Kazuki Nakashima and directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi. It is produced by Trigger. The anime began airing on October 3, 2013 and ended on March 27, 2014. There is also a manga that is illustrated by Ryo Akizuki. On September 3, 2014, an original video animation episode will be released along with the ninth volume.
Plot
The series follows Ryuko Matoi, a student at a high school in Tokyo Bay set in post-apocalyptic Japan called Honnouji Academy. The academy is run by the student council which wear special uniforms called Goku Uniforms. The uniforms give them superhuman abilities and they use them to rule over the rest of the students and staff of the academy. Ryuko Matoi owns one-half of a scissor-shaped longsword and transferred to the academy to look for the owner of the other half of the scissor blade, the person that killed her father. When she attempts to interrogate the leader of the student council Satsuki Kiryuin about the killer, she is defeated. After her defeat, she finds a sentient sailor uniform which she names Senketsu. Ryuko is able to use Senketsu's powers to fight Satsuki and her henchmen, the Elite Four.
References
Other websites
Official website
Official website
Manga
Anime
2013 television series debuts
2013 establishments in Japan
2013 anime television series
Own goal

An own goal, also called a self goal, is where a player does something where they or their team scores a goal on themselves. This gives points for the opposing team. Most often when a football player kicks a ball into their own net or goal. It can also happen in hockey, basketball and hurling.
It is also used as a metaphor when someone tries something which goes wrong and benefits the opposition.
References
Team sports
Arie den Hartog

Arie den Hartog (23 April 1941 - 7 June 2018) was a Dutch road bicycle racer. Hartog won the Milan-San Remo Classic in 1965, as well as the Amstel Gold Race in 1967. He was born in Zuidland, Netherlands.
Hartog died in The Hague on 7 June 2018 at the age of 77.
References
Other websites
Profile by cyclinghalloffame.com
1941 births
2018 deaths
Dutch cyclists
Sportspeople from South Holland
Premier of the Soviet Union

The Premier of the Soviet Union was the head of government. Most western countries use the term "Prime Minister". In the former Soviet Union the job had many names:
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1917-1946)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1946-1991)
Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (1991)
Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee of the USSR--Prime Minister of the Economic Community (1991)
List of Premiers
Notes
References
Soviet Union
American lion

The American lion (Panthera leo or P. atrox) is also known as Naegele's giant jaguar or American cave lion. It is an extinct species of lion which lived in North America during the Pleistocene (340,000 years ago to 11,000 years ago). It existed for about 330,000 thousand years.
The American lion belonged to the family Felidae. By analysing the species' genes, scientists have shown that it shared the same ancestor as the Eurasian cave lion (Panthera leo spelaea or P. spelaea). Most remains have come from the La Brea tar pits.
The American lion was large, slightly larger than the early middle Pleistocene cave lion, P. leo fossilis and about 25% larger than the modern African lion. There is no evidence that it was a social hunter like the modern lion, and that may explain its size.
Panthera leo atrox hunted large mammals such as horses, camels, bison and mammoth.
References
Lions
Mammals of North America
Extinct species
Cannae

Cannae (now Canne della Battaglia, Italian pronunciation: [kanne della battayya]) is an ancient village of the Apulia region of south eastern Italy. It is a frazione (civil parish) of the comune (municipality) of Barletta, a former bishopric that is now a Latin Catholic titular see. The famous Battle of Cannae had troops of Carthage win despite being outnumbered by troops of the Roman Republic.
Villages in Europe
Settlements in Apulia
LaFlia Contenidos

LaFlia Contenidos (or just LaFlia) is an Argentine media and services production company created by Argentine television presenter, sports leader, and businessman Marcelo Tinelli, as the successor of his first production company Ideas del Sur, whose general manager is Federico Facello. It was announced on social networks on 20 February 2018.
History
After the breakup at the end of 2017 of the partnership with the Indalo Group, Showmatch lived a year with many conflicts, leading to almost ceasing broadcasts. At the end of that year, continuity was confirmed of the cycle in the present 2018 and 2019, with the support of the authorities of El Trece, but without the participation of Ideas del Sur as a producer.
However, there were rumors that the program should change its name since the Showmatch brand would not belong to the new production, so the possibility of retaking the old video match name was considered, but given the protection of said name by being owned by Telefe, the name that was handled for the 2018 season was originally going to be called ShowDance, then Tinelli decided that the name would be Bailando, but in the end, it returned with the same name as always (Showmatch).
Creation
According to Marcelo himself, he commented on Facebook Live in which he introduced the production company, the name is due to the union between the company's employees and viewers with more than twenty years of experience. He commented:
Current
On 23 February 2018, The company signed a contract with the Mexican company Televisa and achieved the acquisition of the rights to the Mexican dance reality show Bailando por un sueno until 2027.
References
Mass media
Entertainment companies
2018 establishments
Television stations
Companies of Argentina
The Oak

The Oak () is a 1992 Romanian drama movie directed by Lucian Pintilie and starring Maia Morgenstern, Razvan Vasilescu, Victor Rebengiuc, Dorel Visan, Ion Pavlescu.
Other websites
1992 drama movies
Romanian drama movies
Movies directed by Lucian Pintilie
Church of Our Lady, Gothenburg

The Church of Our Lady () a church building in Kortedala in Gothenburg in Sweden. It earlier belonging to the Kortdeala Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was inaugurated on 19 March 1972. In 2007, the Church of Sweden stopped using it. In 2008 it was sold to the Serbian Orthodox Parish.
References
Other websites
Church of Sweden churches
Churches in Gothenburg
New Zealand Labour Party

The New Zealand Labour Party is a social democratic political party in New Zealand. It is one of the two major parties in New Zealand politics. It was started in 1916, which makes it the oldest of New Zealand's political parties. It is currently the ruling party since 2017.
From the 2008 general elections through 2017 general elections, the Labour Party was the second largest party in the House of Representatives of New Zealand and was the official opposition. The current leader of the party is Prime Minister Chris Hipkins since January 2023.
Social democratic parties
Political parties in New Zealand
1916 establishments
Socialist International
Lagrange's theorem (group theory)

Lagrange's theorem in group theory states if G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G, then |H| (how many elements are in H, called the order of H) divides |G|. Moreover, the number of distinct left (right) cosets of H in G is |G|/|H|. This theorem is named after mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
Applications
For any g in a group G, for some k that divides the |G|
Any group of prime order cyclic (Any element in G can be created by a single element) and simple (no normal subgroups that aren't trivial)
Group theory
Mathematical theorems
Djilali Abdi

Djilali Abdi (25 November 1943 - 2 February 2022) was an Algerian footballer. He played as a midfielder. He made six appearances for the Algeria national team from 1967 to 1969. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbes, French Algeria, France. He also played for USM Bel Abbes.
Abdi died on 2 February 2022 at the age of 78.
References
1943 births
2022 deaths
Algerian footballers
Edinburg, Virginia

Edinburg, Virginia is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Towns in Virginia
Laurent Dona Fologo

Laurent Dona Fologo (12 December 1939 - 5 February 2021) was an Ivorian politician. From 2000 until 2011, he was President of the . He was a member of the Democratic Party. Fologo was born in Sinematiali, French West Africa.
Fologo died on 5 February 2021 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast at the age of 81.
References
1939 births
2021 deaths
Ivorian politicians
Zlata's Diary

Zlata's Diary was a diary by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zlata Filipovic. It was written between 1991/1993 about her life at the time. It was mostly about the Bosnian war that erupted near her in Sarajevo. She starts the fifth grade in the beginning of 1991 and she reunites her friends and her family.
Zlata's Diary is about a girl that lived through the Bosnian war. She kept a diary that she called Mimmy. Her entries were always, "Dear Mimmy" and she'd end with, "Your Zlata".
Zlata was known as the Anne Frank of Bosnia. The book tells you about her difficult childhood that was stolen away from her as a child. She learned to handle deaths and tragedies throughout the young years of her life. This book is good for children as they can understand the hardships faced by children living in countries in war.
1992 books
Diaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina culture
Most Valuable Player

In sports, a Most Valuable Player award is an honour given to the player or players of a team that performed better than the other players throughout a league or contest. It was first used in professional sports, but is now used a lot in amateur sports and other things unrelated to sports, such as business and music awards. A similar award used in sports, often in soccer, is man of the match.
More reading
Sports words
Otto Ziege

Otto Ziege (14 June 1926 - 8 November 2014) was a German racing cyclist. He won the German National Road Race in 1949. He was born in Berlin, Germany.
Ziege died in Berlin, Germany at the age of 88.
References
1926 births
2014 deaths
German cyclists
Sportspeople from Berlin
Carpen

Carpen is a commune in Dolj County, Romania.
References
Communes in Dolj County
Emigration

Emigration is leaving one's country or area to go live in another. Emigration (leaving) from one country is usually followed by Immigration (coming into) into another. The difference between the two is the perspective (or point of view) of which country a person is leaving and which country they are going to.
The urge to migrate is a part of human nature. People migrated well before we had written history. Emigrants from a place are its diaspora.
People who move around all the time are called nomads.
Reasons
Emigration happens for different reasons:
People think that they benefit from moving elsewhere, because they have a better job, or they have a better chance of economic success, or they are economically better off. This kind of migration is generally called economic migration.
The climate, or climatic events force people to move. Climatic events include floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This kind of migration is generally known as environmental migration. As an example, people left Plymouth, on the Island of Montserrat, after a series of volcanic eruptions in 1995.
People have disadvantages where they live, often because they have special views or opinions, or they disagree with the majority or those in power. Often they face persecution, for example because of special religious views or because they belong to an ethnic group. Many people emigrated from Europe to what was the "New World" because they had religious beliefs that were different from the majority.
People who emigrate (or flee) from one country to another, for reasons including armed conflicts or wars are usually called refugees, once they arrive in another country.
Very often people move to where the rest of their family lives.
International law handles the different groups of migrants differently.
Images
Related pages
Political asylum
Deportation
Diaspora
Immigration
Exile
Human migration
Refugee
Migrant worker
References
Countries
Migration
Li Xiaoxia

Li Xiaoxia (simplified Chinese: Li Xiao Xia ; traditional Chinese: Li Xiao Xia ; born 16 January 1988 in Anshan) is a Chinese table tennis player. With her team, she won gold five times at the world championships and gold two times at the Olympics. In doubles Li became the world champion three times and won gold twenty-one times on the world tour. After the Olympics 2016 she finished her career.
Career
In 2006 she took part in the world championships for the first time. With the team, she won gold. After that, Li came under the best 10 players in the world rankings. At the world cup, where she took part for the first time too, Li came to the Quarterfinals. In the next year, she won silver in the singles and doubles at the WTTC, and at the grand finals she won gold. For her win at the world cup in 2008, Li was for the first time number one in the world. But she wasn't nominated for the Olympics in 2008.
In the next year, Li did not win a lot of big titles, except the Asian Games, so she fell back in time to 8th place in the ITTF-rankings. In the doubles Li Xiaoxia became the 2009 and 2011 world-champion and won the 2011 world tour grand finals, too. In the singles, she became vice-world champion. In 2012, Li was for the first time nominated for the Olympics, where she beat Ding Ning in the finals, and won gold. With the team Li won gold, too.
The lastest big title she won was in 2013: At the world championships she beat Liu Shiwen in the final and so became world champion in the singles. In the doubles she won the gold medal, too. At the grand finals in the same year she won gold in the doubles. In 2014 she won silver at the world cup, but at the world championships she lost in the semifinal to Liu Shiwen and won bronze. In the doubles she could win silver.
In 2016 she played her lastest biggest event: At the Olympics, where she came to the final and lost to Ding Ning she won silver. At the team event she won gold.
Successen
World Championships
2006, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016 gold with the team
2010 silver with the team
2011 silver in the singles
2015 bronze in the singles
2013 winner in the singles
Olympic Games
2012, 2016 gold with team
2012 gold in the singles
2016 silver in the singles
World Cup
2008 winner in the singles
2014 silver in the singles
2012, 2015 gold with the team
Results from the ITTF-database
References
1988 births
Living people
Chinese table tennis players
Didier Drogba

Didier Yves Drogba Tebily (born 11 March 1978 in Abidjan) is a retired Cote d'Ivoire professional football player.
Early life
He lived in Abidjan until he was 5 years old and then he moved to France to live with his uncle, Michael Goba. His uncle had been a professional football player in Cote d'Ivoire.
Career
In the 2006/07 season, he was the top scorer of the English Premier League with 20 goals. Drogba played for Le Mans at Ligue 2 in 1998. He moved to Olympique Marseille in 2003 and scored 29 goals in the next season. In July 2004, Drogba moved to Chelsea in the English Premier League. Drogba stayed at Chelsea for about 10 years. Drogba was a member of Cote d'Ivoire's national team and was their top scorer with 65 goals in 105 appearances.
Club career statistics
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="4"|Le Mans||rowspan="4"|Division 2||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1999/00||30||7||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||32||7
|-
|2000/01||11||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2001/02||21||5||1||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||24||7
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|En Avant Guingamp||Division 1||11||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||3
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||34||17||3||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||39||21
|-
|2003/04||Olympique Marseille||Ligue 1||35||19||2||1||2||1||16||11||55||32
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="6"|Chelsea||rowspan="6"|Premier League||26||10||2||0||4||1||9||5||41||16
|-
|2005/06||29||12||3||1||1||0||7||1||40||14
|-
|2006/07||36||20||6||3||5||4||12||6||59||33
|-
|2007/08||19||8||1||0||1||1||11||6||32||15
|-
|2008/09||24||5||6||3||2||1||10||5||42||14
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
144||51||8||6||8||2||16||11||176||70
134||55||18||7||13||7||49||23||214||92
278||106||26||13||21||9||65||34||390||162
|}
International career statistics
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||7||4
|-
|2004||7||6
|-
|2005||8||7
|-
|2006||14||8
|-
|2007||8||4
|-
|2008||8||4
|-
|2009||7||8
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||60||41
|}
Awards
Chelsea
English Premier League(2004-05) (2005-06) (2014-2015)
FA Cup (2007)
Football League Cup (2005) (2007)
FA Community Shield (2005-06)
Personal
English Golden Boot (2006-07)
African Footballer of the Year(2006-07)
Other websites
Didier Drogba's official website - in English and French
Profile on Chelsea's official site
BBC profile
Didier Drogba videos at GoalVideoz.com
References
1978 births
Living people
Ivorian footballers
Chelsea F.C. players
Sandino (movie)

Sandino is a 1990 Spanish Nicaraguan biographical movie directed by Miguel Littin and starring Kris Kristofferson, Joaquim de Almeida, Dean Stockwell, Angela Molina, Victoria Abril, Omero Antonutti, Blanca Guerra.
Other websites
1990 movies
1990s biographical movies
Spanish biographical movies
Nicaraguan movies
Chilean movies
Italian biographical movies
Cuban movies
Mexican biographical movies
Movies directed by Miguel Littin
Saint-Julien-Boutières

Saint-Julien-Boutieres is a former commune in the Ardeche departement in southern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Julien-d'Intres.
Geography
Saint-Julien-Boutieres is in the Regional Natural Park of the Monts-d'Ardeche (French: Parc naturel regional des Monts d'Ardeche). This is known as the Country of Chestnut trees (French: Le Pays des Chataigners).
History
In the Middle Ages, the commune was called Chateauneuf en Boutieres. During the French Revolution, it was renamed Bout d'Erieu, then in 1793, Bout-d'Hesrieux. In 1801, the village was named Saint-Julien-Boutieres in memory of a Roman soldier who became a Christian. He was martyred in Brioude in the Haute-Loire department.
The commune of Intres was a hamlet of Saint-Julien-Boutieres until 1911.
Hamlets
There are 11 hamlets which are part of the commune of Saint-Julien-Boutieres:
Le Chambonnet-Haut
Le Chambonnet-Bas
Sauverzac
La Grandmaison
Signeronde
Fontcouverte
Le Monteillet
Tabuant
Signebernard
Rimande
La Grangette
References
Former communes in Ardeche
Meg White

Meg White (born December 10, 1974) is an American former musician and singer. She is known as the drummer for The White Stripes.
Meg's simple style of drumming has caused a lot of debate. Meg called it "my strength. A lot of drummers would feel weird about being that simplistic."
1974 births
Living people
Singers from Michigan
American drummers
Musicians from Michigan
American rock musicians
American blues musicians
Effigy

An effigy is a representation of a specific person, especially in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium. Effigies are common elements in art of the dead. They are usually made of stone or metal and placed on a tomb.
References
Death customs
Sculpture
Monuments and memorials
Alexandra Boyd

Alexandra Rose Boyd (born 8 July 1991) is a New Zealand water polo player and coach. She is a member of the New Zealand women's national water polo team. She played at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships, and 2016 Olympic Qualification Tournament, and 2017 World Aquatics Championships.
References
Other websites
Meet Alexandra Boyd. Cantebury Water Polo
Alexandra Boyd of New Zealand and Krystina Alogbo of Canada zimbio
1991 births
New Zealand water polo players
Water polo coaches
Living people
Ma Dong-seok

Ma Dong-seok (born Lee Dong-seok; March 1, 1971), also known as Don Lee, is an American-born South Korea actor. His career began with roles in The Neighbor, Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time and The Unjust. Ma's role in the zombie movie Train to Busan rose his career to international popularity.
References
Other websites
1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
South Korean actors
Nereo Laroni

Nereo Laroni (2 September 1942 - 14 July 2019) was an Italian politician. Laroni was a member of the Italian Socialist Party and close ally of Bettino Craxi and Gianni De Michelis. He was the mayor of Venice from 1985 to 1987 and a member of the European Parliament from 1987 to 1994.
Laroni died on 14 July 2019 in Mestre, at age 76, of problems from heart surgery.
References
1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
MEPs for Italy
Italian mayors
People from Venice
Richard Tsien

Richard Winyu Tsien (born 3 March 1945) is a noted American neurobiologist (or neuroscientist). Tsien has received many honours and awards.
Biography
Richard Tsien was born in Tating, Kweichow, China. He is the eldest of three brothers. Tsien's youngest brother Roger Y. Tsien, a cell biologist, won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is a descendant of the King Wuyue Tsien Liu. He is the son of Hsue-Chu Tsien, a famous aeronautical mechanic who became the chief engineer for Boeing.
Soon after his birth, Tsien's family moved to the United States. Tsien received BS in 1965 and MS in 1966 both in electrical engineering and both from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Tsien then won the Rhodes Scholarship and studied in the United Kingdom at Wadham College, Oxford from 1966 to 1969. Tsien obtained PhD in biophysics from Oxford in 1970.
From 1968 to 1970, Tsien was a Weir Junior Research Fellow at University College, Oxford. From 1969 to 1970, Tsien was a teaching fellow at Balliol College, Oxford.
In 1970, Tsien went back to the United States, became an assistant professor in the Department of Physiology at Yale University School of Medicine from 1970 to 1974. From 1974 to 1979, Tsien was an associate professor in the same department, and promoted to full professor in 1979 until 1988.
In 1988, Tsien went to Stanford and founded the Stanford University Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, where he also served the first chairman. From 1991 to 2001, Tsien was the Director Silvio Conte - National Institutes of Mental Health Center for Neuroscience Research. Since 1988, Tsien has been the George D. Smith Professor of Stanford Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology. And since 2000, Tsien has been the Co-Director for the Stanford Brain Research Centre.
Tsien did important work on calcium channels, their mechanisms and roles in cell signaling pathways. Tsien's research also helps us understand the long-term plasticity of synapses.
From 1987 to 1988, Tsien was the President of the Society of General Physiologists. In August 2000, Tsien also served the Section Chair of Neurobiology of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Awards
1985 - Kenneth S. Cole Award (for contributions to membrane biophysics)
1991 - 1995, 1999, Kaiser Award for Outstanding and Innovative Teaching, from Stanford University
1993 - Magnes Prize, from Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1994 - elected to the United States Institute of Medicine
1996 - Walter B. Cannon Memorial Award, from the American Physiological Society
1996 - elected to the Academia Sinica
1997 - elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences
1998 - elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1999 - elected Charter to the Biophysical Society
References
Chinese biologists
1945 births
Living people
American biologists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Lycoperdon umbrinum

Lycoperdon umbrinum, better known as the umber-brown puffball, is a species of puffball mushroom in the genus Lycoperdon. The species is found in China, Europe, and North America.
Description
The L. umbrinum has a fruiting body, which is shaped like the top of a pear, with a short, slightly buried stipe. It is tall and broad. The fruiting body starts as pale, then goes reddish then to a blackish brown. The outer wall has slender, persistent spines, which are up to 1 mm long. The spores are roughly sspherical, and about 3.5-5.5 um in diameter, with fine warts and a pedicel that is 0.5-15 um long. It is uncommonly found, although most often found in coniferous woods on sandy soils.
Related pages
Puffball
References
Other websites
California Fungi
Mushrooms
Chérêt

Cheret is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
References
Communes in Aisne
Formosa, Argentina

Formosa is the capital city of the Formosa Province in Argentina.
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Cities in Argentina
John C. Breckinridge

John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 - May 17, 1875) was a lawyer, U.S. representative, U.S. senator from Kentucky and the 14th vice president of the United States. He was from Kentucky. He served in the House from 1851 to 1855. He served as Vice-President from 1857 to 1861, under President James Buchanan. Breckinridge was the youngest vice president in U.S. history.
Breckinridge was also a Southern Democratic candidate for President in 1860. In the election of 1860, the Democratic Party split, with Southerners voting for Breckinridge and Northerners voting for Stephen Douglas. He carried most of the Southern states, but lost to Abraham Lincoln.
When the South seceded, Breckinridge was briefly a U.S. Senator from Kentucky, but was kicked out of the Senate. After that, he became active in the Confederacy. During the American Civil War, he was a general in the Confederate States Army. He fought in Tennessee and the Shenandoah Valley. He was the Confederate commander at the Battle of New Market. Breckinridge was the last Confederate Secretary of War. After the war, Breckinridge left the country for four years. He returned to Kentucky in 1869 and died in 1875.
References
1821 births
1875 deaths
American esotericists
Lawyers from Kentucky
Confederate Army generals
Disease-related deaths in Kentucky
Deaths from cirrhosis
Freemasons
People from Lexington, Kentucky
United States representatives from Kentucky
United States senators from Kentucky
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
19th-century American politicians
Military people from Kentucky
Brian Jacques

James Brian Jacques (pronounced "Jakes") (15 June 1939 - 5 February 2011) was an English author. He is best known for his Redwall series of books, as well as the Tribes of Redwall and Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series. He also wrote two books of short stories called, The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns and Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales.
The books he has written
Redwall series
Redwall (1986)
Mossflower (1988)
Mattimeo (1989)
Mariel of Redwall (1991)
Salamandastron (1992)
Martin the Warrior (1993)
The Bellmaker (1994)
Outcast of Redwall (1995)
The Pearls of Lutra (1996)
The Long Patrol (1997)
Marlfox (1998)
The Legend of Luke (1999)
Lord Brocktree (2000)
The Taggerung (2001)
Triss (2002)
Loamhedge (2003)
Rakkety Tam (2004)
High Rhulain (2005)
Eulalia! (2007)
Doomwyte (2008)
The Sable Quean (2010)
The Rogue Crew (2011)
Redwall picture books
The Great Redwall Feast (1996)
A Redwall Winter's Tale (2001)
Redwall Friend & Foe (2000)
The Redwall Cookbook (2005)
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
The Angel's Command
Voyage of Slaves
References
Other websites
Official Redwall Website
The Redwall Wiki - A collaborative Redwall information resource
1939 births
2011 deaths
English writers
Costică Dafinoiu

Costica Dafinoiu (6 February 1954 - 8 June 2022) was a Romanian light-heavyweight boxer. His career began in 1969. He won a bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He retired in 1981.
References
1954 births
2022 deaths
Romanian Olympic bronze medalists
Boxers
Faisal Naseem

Faisal Naseem (born 20 July 1973) is a Maldivian politician who is the Vice President of the Maldives since 2018.
References
1973 births
Vice presidents of the Maldives
Living people
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
UBS

UBS AG is a Swiss finance company. It is an investment bank. 60,000 people work with them in total around the world. The headquarters are in Zurich.
References
Other websites
Financial institutions of Switzerland
Zurich
Basel
Water gardens

A water garden is a garden in which the chief thing, interest, and attraction is water and plants that live in water. The water may be put in a fountain, a pond, a waterfall, or other. Water have been built for thousands of years. It was natural that in the hot places of Egypt and Mesopotamia refreshing water gardens should be found. As early as 1225 BC, Ramses III built water lily ponds.
The Inca of Peru built gold and silver water channels, pools, and basins as early as 2500 BC. Their homes and palaces had water running in channels under the floors to cool the surrounding air. Their courtyards had cooling pools for tired travelers.
The Chinese and Japanese imitated nature in their water gardens. The water garden was a sign of perfection and peace. By the third century AD they had written down the essentials of a water garden. In the 15th century, they turned the water garden into an art form that used the sound and motion of water. A reflecting pool expressed the union of heaven and earth. The Japanese built a dry garden, using small rocks, sand, and other materials to represent the course of a stream or river. Nature was recreated to serve as a source of thinking.
Europeans began using water for playing in the Middle Ages. Springs and wells were made focal points in gardens. Carp pools not only provided food, but a place for thinking and resting in monasteries. In Spain, the starkness of the Alhambra was softened with canals and pools.
Related pages
Fountain of Apollo, Versailles
Gallery
References
Gardens
Communication studies

Communication Studies is a college or university area of study involving the study of communication. Students learn about speech and different types of media.
Communication
Social sciences
Media
Saint-Calez-en-Saosnois

Saint-Calez-en-Saosnois is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France.
Communes in Sarthe
Alger Hiss

Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 - November 15, 1996) was an American government official. In 1948, he was accused of having spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. He was convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before the trial Hiss was part in the creation of the United Nations.
Hiss died of emphysema on November 15, 1996, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, four days after his 92nd birthday.
References
1904 births
1996 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
American criminals
Politicians from Baltimore
Writers from Baltimore
Lawyers from Baltimore
Brescia

Brescia is a city in northern Italy. Brescia is in the Lombardy Region. It has 192,165 people.
References
Capital cities in Italy
Azteca América

Azteca America (, sometimes shortened to Azteca) was an American Spanish-language free-to-air television network owned by INNOVATE Corp..
The closure of the channel was previously announced due to an agreement signed between TV Azteca and Estrella TV to broadcast TV Azteca's programming through Estrella, The network went off the air on January 1, 2023, around 00:59, after a broadcast of Ya Cayo Renovado. Around December 26, 2022, the Azteca America website was closed.
Related pages
Grupo Salinas
List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States
References
Bibliography
Other websites
www.aztecaamericacorporate.com - Azteca corporate website
Companies based in California
Spanish-language television networks in the United States
Logan, Utah

Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 52,778.
References
Cities in Utah
County seats in Utah
Cleveland, Mississippi

Cleveland is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi. The population was 12,334 as of the 2010 census.
Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
St. Stephen, Minnesota

St. Stephen is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States.
Cities in Minnesota
Greg Egan

Greg Egan (born 20 August 1961) is an Australian science fiction author. His first novel was published in 1983.
1961 births
Australian science fiction writers
Living people
People from Perth, Western Australia
Australian novelists
Kebakalan

Kebakalan is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Villages in Central Java
Mustang, Texas

Mustang is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. There were only 21 people living there, according to the 2010 census. It is the smallest town in Texas in terms of population.
References
Towns in Texas
Hancock, New Hampshire

Hancock is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States.
Towns in New Hampshire
Zauggenried

Zauggenried was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Zauggenried, Buren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach and Schalunen merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.
Former municipalities of Bern
Addison County, Vermont

Addison County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2020 census, 37,363 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is Middlebury.
References
Robert Prosky

Robert Prosky (born Robert Joseph Porzuczek, December 13, 1930 - December 8, 2008) was an American actor.
His best known movie roles were in Thief (1981), Christine (1983), The Natural (1984), and Broadcast News (1987).
He also appeared in Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990), Hoffa (1992), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Last Action Hero (1993), Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Dead Man Walking (1995), and Mad City (1997).
Prosky died on December 8, 2008 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. at the age of 78. The cause of death was heart surgery-related problems.
References
1930 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia
Sukhoi Su-25

The Sukhoi Su-25 is an attack aircraft designed and built in the USSR, and after in Russia. It was used by Soviets militaries during the war in Afghanistan. Foreign operators are mainly former Warsaw Pact countries and states near the communist regimes. NATO called it Frogfoot. First designed by Kenan and Haydn Douglas Griffiths of the soviet Air force research and development. Then The idea was expanded on by Eryk Deryniowski who then Went to transfer the idea on to Sukhoi.
Soviet military aircraft
Funicular

A funicular is a railway that uses trains that are pulled by cables wound around a pulley. This makes them able to climb very steep slopes, like those on hills and mountains.
Rail transport
Akiko Santō

is a Japanese politician. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). In August 2019, she was elected President of the House of Councillors of Japan.
References
Other websites
in Japanese.
1942 births
Living people
Presidents of the House of Councillors (Japan)
Führerbunker

The Fuhrerbunker (German, literally meaning "shelter for the leader" or "the Fuhrer's shelter") was a bunker in the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was in this subterranean bunker where Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva Braun spent the last weeks of the war. Both killed themselves there on April 30, 1945.
The elaborate complex consisted of two separate levels, the "Vorbunker" (the upper bunker) or "forward bunker" and the newer Fuhrerbunker one level below. They were both connected together by a stairway set at right angles. The Fuhrerbunker was about 8.2 meters beneath the garden of the old Reich Chancellery building at Wilhelmstrasse 77. This is about 120 meters north of the new Reich Chancellery building, which had the address Vossstrasse 6. The Vorbunker was under the large hall behind the old Reich Chancellery. It was connected to the new Reich Chancellery. The Fuhrerbunker was somewhat lower than the Vorbunker and in the west of it. The two bunkers were connected via sets of stairs set at right angles.
The complex was protected by about four meters of concrete. About 30 small rooms were distributed over two levels with exits into the main buildings and an emergency exit into the garden. The complex was built in two distinct phases, one part in 1936 and the other in 1943. The 1943 development was built by the Hochtief company as part of an extensive program of subterranean construction in Berlin that began in 1940. The rooms of Hitler were in the newer, lower section and by February 1945 it had high quality furniture taken from the Chancellery along with several framed oil paintings.
Nazi Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
1930s in Berlin
1940s in Berlin
Adolf Hitler
Míkmaq language

The Mi'kmaq language (also spelled Mikmaq, Mi'gmaq, Mi'qmac, or priorly Micmac) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 9,000 Mikmaq in Canada, and another 1,200 in United States, out of a total ethnic Mikmaq population of roughly 40,000. The word Mikmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular Mikm); the adjectival form is Mikmaw. The language's native name is Mikmawisimk or Mikmwei (in some dialects).
Writing system
Mikmaq is written with letters of the Roman alphabet. This writing system was created by missionaries in the 19th century. Before, the language was written in Mikmaq hieroglyphic writing, a script of partially-native origin.
Orthographies
Notes
References
Rand, Silas Tertius. 1888. Dictionary of the language of the Micmac Indians, who reside in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company. Reprinted 1994: New Delhi & Madras: Asian Educational Services,
Other websites
Mi'kmaq Online Talking Dictionary
Internet Archive of "Mikmaq Language"
Native Languages page on Mikmaq
Ethnologue report
Chris Harvey's page on Mikmawisimk
Languages of North America
Phidippus audax

Phidippus audax is a jumping spider that comes from North America. The spider is often called the daring jumping spider or bold jumping spider in English. A spider of this species will usually be black with white patterns on its abdomen. In younger spiders, the spots on the abdomen will be a orange, red or yellow colour, which will become white as the spider becomes older. The average size of an adult is between 13 and 20 millimetres and the male is slightly smaller than the female.
Araneomorphae
Animals of North America
Howard Mudd

Howard Edward Mudd (February 10, 1942 - August 12, 2020) was an American football offensive lineman and coach. He was born in Midland, Michigan. Mudd played football for Hillsdale College from 1960 to 1963.
He then played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and Chicago Bears from 1964 to 1970. Mudd was a three-time Pro Bowler, in 1966, 1967, and 1968. He retired in 1971. He began his coaching career at the University of California the following year.
From 1998 to 2009, he was the offensive line coach for the Indianapolis Colts.
Mudd was killed in a motorcycle crash in Seattle, Washington on August 12, 2020 at the age of 78.
References
1942 births
2020 deaths
Road accident deaths in the United States
American football offensive guards
Chicago Bears players
San Francisco 49ers players
National Football League coaches
Sportspeople from Michigan
People from Midland, Michigan
Toshio Miyaji

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.
Biography
Miyaji played for Osaka SC which many Japan national team players Yoshimatsu Oyama, Uichiro Hatta, Sakae Takahashi and Kiyonosuke Marutani were playing in those days.
In May 1925, Miyaji was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 17, he debuted against Philippines. On May 20, he also played against Republic of China. But Japan lost in both matches (0-4, v Philippines and 0-2, v Republic of China). He played 2 games for Japan in 1925.
Statistics
|-
|1925||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
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References
Other websites
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
List of governors-general of Antigua and Barbuda

This is a list of governors-general of Antigua and Barbuda. The head of state is the Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda. Most of the jobs though are done by the Governor-General.
Governors-General of Antigua and Barbuda, 1981-present
Sir Wilfred Jacobs: November 1, 1981-June 10, 1993
James Carlisle: June 10, 1993-June 30, 2007
Louise Lake-Tack: July 17, 2007--August 14, 2014
Rodney Williams: August 14, 2014--
Antigua and Barbuda
Jōan (era)

was a after Kao and before Angen. This period started in April 1171 and ended in July 1175. The reigning emperor was .
Events of the Joan era
1172 (Joan 1, 3rd day of the 1st month): Takakura reached the age of 11 years; and this was marked by coming of age ceremonies.
1171 (Joan 1, 13th day of the 1st month): Takakura visited the home of former-Emperor Go-Shirakawa. In this setting, he first met . She was the adopted daughter of Go-Shirakawa and the actual daughter of Taira no Kiomori. Takakura accepted the 15-year-old girl as his consort.
1171 (Joan 2, 10th day of the 2nd month): Tokuko became Takakura's secondary empress (chugo).
1172 (Joan 2, 10th month): Takakura visited the Fushimi Inari-taisha and the Yasaka Shrine.
1172 (Joan 2, 12th month): Matsu Motofusa is given the office of kampaku.
1173 (Joan 3, 1st day of the 4th month): Shinran, founder of Jodo Shinshu, was born.
1173 (Joan 3, 4th month): Takakura visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.
1174 (Joan 4, 1st month): The emperor made visits to his father and to his mother.
References
Other websites
National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
Japanese eras
Solero

Solero is a ice-cream brand, usually fruit and/or berry flavored, sold under the Heartbrand name by Unilever.
Other names
Solero is sold as Splice in Australia and as Salar in Iran.
References
Desserts
Ice cream
Himalaya (movie)

Himalaya: Caravan () is a 1999 Nepalese French British Swiss Monegasque adventure movie directed by Eric Valli and starring Thinle Lhondup, Tsering Dorjee, Lhakpa Tsamchoe, Gurgon Kyap. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2000.
Other websites
1999 adventure movies
Nepalese movies
French adventure movies
British adventure movies
Swiss adventure movies
Monegasque movies
Movies directed by Eric Valli
Movies set in Nepal
Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary

Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary is a 2011 first-person shooter video game and a remake of 2001's Halo: Combat Evolved.
Gameplay
The game lets you switch between the original Xbox graphics and sound and the updated graphics and sound.
Xbox 360 games
2011 video games
Video game remakes
Halo video games
Shooter video games