In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Descartes' First Meditation claims that the obsession over this material is related to a "cerebellaso clouded with black bile. " This substance was at the center of a mania first described in a case study of a man from Saint Germaine who was compelled to defecate standing up, and constantly wore a small pillow on his rear end, who was only cured when his doctor gave him a "severe thrashing. " This material was the namesake of that manic obsession, whose most famous sufferer's condition was documented by the future Pope Pius II and included a fear of being touched and the wearing of protective clothing. Many sufferers of the obsession over this material thought that they were a "urinal. " For 10 points, name this material at the center of a sixteenth-century "delusion" that the French King Charles VI suffered from, in which people thought that they were susceptible to shattering because they were made of it.
Social Science

The losers standard-bearer, Sir Percival Thirwall, did not let the banner fall, even though both of his legs had been cut off. Some historians believe that the battle was fought closer to the villages of Dadlington and Stoke Golding. One of the more important casualties was Thomas Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, while real command on the winners side rested with John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Though the battle began well for the loser, the tide turned when Sir William Stanley led his troops into the fray on the side of the winner. FTP identify this battle that saw the end of the house of York when Henry Tudors forces defeated Richard III.
History

One king of this country committed suicide in 1820 by shooting himself with a silver bullet rather than face a coup. A more recent ruler of this country ordered the deaths of all black dogs due to the shape-shifting abilities of a rival. That ruler of this country was served by his brutal secret police force known as the Tonton Macoutes. This country once led by Papa Doc Duvalier fought for independence under Henri Christophe, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and Toussaint L'Ouverture. FTP, name this Caribbean country on the western side of the island of Hispaniola.
History