Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
See one example below:
Problem: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
Solution: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Explanation: It's a correct title because the paragraph described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.

Problem: Dengue virus infections can cause hemorrhagic fever, shock, encephalitis, and even death. Worldwide, approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-infested regions with about 100 million new cases each year, although many of these infections are believed to be silent. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus; thus, immunity from one serotype will not cross-protect from infection with the other three. The difficulties that hamper vaccine development include requirements of the natural conformation of the envelope glycoprotein to induce neutralizing immune responses and the necessity of presenting antigens of all four serotypes. Currently, the only way to meet these requirements is to use a mixture of four serotypes of live attenuated dengue viruses, but safety remains a major problem. In this study, we have developed the basis for a tetravalent dengue vaccine using a novel complex adenovirus platform that is capable of expressing multiple antigens de novo. This dengue vaccine is constructed as a pair of vectors that each expresses the premembrane and envelope genes of two different dengue virus serotypes. Dengue fever is a widespread mosquito-borne illness affecting an estimated 100 million people worldwide each year (9). While a majority of dengue virus infections are asymptomatic and go unnoticed, the disease can occasionally present with symptoms, such as severe headache, retro-orbital pain, or joint and muscle pain. The most severe cases can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), manifesting as hemorrhage in multiple organs, including the central nervous system, as well as massive vascular damage, bleeding, and shock. Fatality rates for DHF and DSS can reach up to 15%, the majority of which are in the pediatric demographic (23, 24). Dengue viruses are members of the flavivirus family of viruses. All four serotypes (dengue virus [DEN] serotype 1 [DEN1] to DEN4) are identical in gene structure, consisting of three structural proteins, capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E), and seven nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 (14). These genes are translated from the positive-stranded RNA genome as a single polyprotein that is cleaved into individual proteins by cellular and viral proteases. Despite the structural similarities, there is variation in the genetic sequences of each serotype mainly in the membrane glycoproteins (prM and E) that results in antigenic distinction and lack of cross protection among the serotypes. Furthermore, subsequent infection with an alternate serotype may enhance disease severity, contributing to the onset of DHF or DSS. One possibility for this disease enhancement is that (nonneutralizing) antibodies may be aiding in viral entry into host cells, thereby enhancing the infection. Alternatively, broadly reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to DEN antigens, in the absence of neutralizing responses, may accelerate the destruction of host cells. There is currently no licensed vaccine available for dengue virus infection. Because of the immune enhancement associated with subsequent DEN infections, a successful DEN vaccine must induce neutralizing responses against all four DEN serotypes simultaneously (tetravalent). The difficulties that hamper vaccine development include the preservation of the neutralizing epitopes of the native DEN glycoprotein antigens and the necessity to present antigens from all serotypes. If a dengue vaccine does not offer tetravalent protection, a vaccinated individual would be susceptible to development of DHF or DSS if infected by a serotype not targeted by the vaccine. A great amount of effort has focused on traditional approaches to dengue vaccine development; however, these approaches have yet to generate a licensed tetravalent dengue vaccine. For example, live attenuated DEN vaccines have shown protective immunity in animal models (3) but have been
Solution:
Two Complex, Adenovirus-Based Vaccines That Together Induce Immune Responses to All Four Dengue Virus Serotypes Downloaded from