Answer the following question given this paragraph: Stereoisomers Molecules with the same connectivity but different arrangements of the atoms in space are called stereoisomers. There are two types of stereoisomers: geometric and optical. Geometric isomers differ in the relative position(s) of substituents in a rigid molecule. (For more information on stereoisomers, see Chapter 23 "The ", Section 23.4 "Coordination Compounds". ) Simple rotation about a CC bond in an alkene, for example, cannot occur because of the presence of the bond. The substituents are therefore rigidly locked into a particular spatial arrangement (part (a) in Figure 2.16 "Some Simple (a) Alkenes, (b) Alkynes, and (c) Cyclic Hydrocarbons"). Thus a carboncarbon multiple bond, or in some cases a ring, prevents one geometric isomer from being readily converted to the other. The members of an isomeric pair are identified as either cis or trans, and interconversion between the two forms requires breaking and reforming one or more bonds. Because their structural difference causes them to have different physical and chemical properties, cis and trans isomers are actually two distinct chemical compounds. Q: What is required for interconversion between the two forms of an isomeric pair? A:

OPTIONS:
- couple and reforming
- fixing and reforming
- turn and reforming
- breaking and reforming

Answer: breaking and reforming

Problem: OPTIONS:
- helium
- sodium
- magnesium
- carbohydrate
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The term carbohydrate comes from the fact that the majority contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1, making for an empirical formula of CH 2 O. This is somewhat misleading because the molecules are not actually hydrates of carbon at all. Carbohydrates are monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have multiple hydroxyl groups attached. Q: What contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1? A:
Answer: carbohydrate

Problem:OPTIONS:
- calcium
- cholesterol
- magnesium
- cellulose

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are most fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains rich in? A:
****
A: cellulose

Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are times in Earth history when all of the continents come together to form a supercontinent . Supercontinents come together and then break apart. Pangaea was the last supercontinent on Earth, but it was not the first. The supercontinent before Pangaea is called Rodinia. Rodinia contained about 75% of the continental landmass that is present today. The supercontinent came together about 1.1 billion years ago. Rodinia was not the first supercontinent either. Scientists think that three supercontinents came before Rodina, making five so far in Earth history. Q: What was the last supercontinent on earth? A:
OPTIONS:
- rodinia
- laurasia
- eurasia
- pangaea
pangaea

Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 3.1 How Cells Are Studied A cell is the smallest unit of life. Most cells are so small that they cannot be viewed with the naked eye. Therefore, scientists must use microscopes to study cells. Electron microscopes provide higher magnification, higher resolution, and more detail than light microscopes. The unified cell theory states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells. Q: Which theory states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- theory of evolution
- microcellular theory
- natural selection
- unified cell theory

Answer: unified cell theory

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Functional Receptor Types A third classification of receptors is by how the receptor transduces stimuli into membrane potential changes. Stimuli are of three general types. Some stimuli are ions and macromolecules that affect transmembrane receptor proteins when these chemicals diffuse across the cell membrane. Some stimuli are physical variations in the environment that affect receptor cell membrane potentials. Other stimuli include the electromagnetic radiation from visible light. For humans, the only electromagnetic energy that is perceived by our eyes is visible light. Some other organisms have receptors that humans lack, such as the heat sensors of snakes, the ultraviolet light sensors of bees, or magnetic receptors in migratory birds. Receptor cells can be further categorized on the basis of the type of stimuli they transduce. Chemical stimuli can be interpreted by a chemoreceptor that interprets chemical stimuli, such as an object's taste or smell. Osmoreceptors respond to solute concentrations of body fluids. Additionally, pain is primarily a chemical sense that interprets the presence of chemicals from tissue damage, or similar intense stimuli, through a nociceptor. Physical stimuli, such as pressure and vibration, as well as the sensation of sound and body position (balance), are interpreted through a mechanoreceptor. Another physical stimulus that has its own type of receptor is temperature, which is sensed through a thermoreceptor that is either sensitive to temperatures above (heat) or below (cold) normal body temperature. Q: Pressure and vibration are examples of what type of stimuli? A:
OPTIONS:
- chemical
- atmospheric
- thermal
- physical
output:
physical