Q: Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on these? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: 37.2 How Hormones Work Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on target cells. The number of receptors on a target cell can increase or decrease in response to hormone activity. Hormones can affect cells directly through intracellular hormone receptors or indirectly through plasma membrane hormone receptors. Lipid-derived (soluble) hormones can enter the cell by diffusing across the plasma membrane and binding to DNA to regulate gene transcription and to change the cell's activities by inducing production of proteins that affect, in general, the long-term structure and function of the cell. Lipid insoluble hormones bind to receptors on the plasma membrane surface and trigger a signaling pathway to change the cell's activities by inducing production of various cell products that affect the cell in the short-term. The hormone is called a first messenger and the cellular component is called a second messenger. G-proteins activate the second messenger (cyclic AMP), triggering the cellular response. Response to hormone binding is amplified as the signaling pathway progresses. Cellular responses to hormones include the production of proteins and enzymes and altered membrane permeability. Choices: - able cells - fighter cells - reach cells - target cells A:
target cells

(Question)
Q: Similarity of crystal structures is used to categorize what non-living materials? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Mineralogists are scientists who study minerals. They divide minerals into groups based on chemical composition. Even though there are over 4,000 minerals, most minerals fit into one of eight mineral groups. Minerals with similar crystal structures are grouped together. Choices: - salts - corals - grains - minerals A:
(Answer)
minerals

Ques: Q: What types of stimuli control endocrine activity? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Role of Endocrine Gland Stimuli Reflexes triggered by both chemical and neural stimuli control endocrine activity. These reflexes may be simple, involving only one hormone response, or they may be more complex and involve many hormones, as is the case with the hypothalamic control of various anterior pituitarycontrolled hormones. Humoral stimuli are changes in blood levels of non-hormone chemicals, such as nutrients or ions, which cause the release or inhibition of a hormone to, in turn, maintain homeostasis. For example, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in blood osmolarity (the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma). If blood osmolarity is too high, meaning that the blood is not dilute enough, osmoreceptors signal the hypothalamus to release ADH. The hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water and reduce the volume of urine produced. This reabsorption causes a reduction of the osmolarity of the blood, diluting the blood to the appropriate level. The regulation of blood glucose is another example. High blood glucose levels cause the release of insulin from the pancreas, which increases glucose uptake by cells and liver storage of glucose as glycogen. An endocrine gland may also secrete a hormone in response to the presence of another hormone produced by a different endocrine gland. Such hormonal stimuli often involve the hypothalamus, which produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the secretion of a variety of pituitary hormones. In addition to these chemical signals, hormones can also be released in response to neural stimuli. A common example of neural stimuli is the activation of the fight-or-flight response by the sympathetic nervous system. When an individual perceives danger, sympathetic neurons signal the adrenal glands to secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine. The two. Choices: - light and pressure - temperature and light - pressure and chemical - chemical and neural A:
Ans: chemical and neural

(Q).
Q: What type of speciation occurs when groups from the same species are geographically isolated for long periods? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Allopatric speciation occurs when groups from the same species are geographically isolated for long periods. Imagine all the ways that plants or animals could be isolated from each other:. Choices: - asexual - symbiotic - prokaryotic - allopatric A:
(A).
allopatric

Ques:Q: How did a vascular let plants grow? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: The evolution of vascular tissue revolutionized the plant kingdom. Vascular tissue greatly improved the ability of plants to absorb and transfer water. This allowed plants to grow larger and taller. They could also liver in drier habitats and survive periods of drought. Early vascular plants probably resembled the fern in Figure below . Choices: - they could conduct photosynthesis - they could bear fruit - they could reproduce - they could grow taller A:

Ans:they could grow taller

Ques: Q: The roots of a plant take in nutrients and what vital substance? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Choices: - air - Ash - Soil - water A:
Ans:
water