Problem: OPTIONS:
- on the origin of mammals
- on the ethnic of species
- on various kinds of animals
- on the origin of species
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Darwin finally published his theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859. He presented it in his book On the Origin of Species . The book is very detailed and includes a lot of evidence for the theory. Darwin's book changed science forever. The theory of evolution by natural selection became the unifying theory of all life science. Q: Which landmark book on evolution via natural selection did charles darwin publish in 1859? A:
Answer: on the origin of species

Problem:OPTIONS:
- active absorption
- osmosis
- secondary transport
- primary active transport

Answer the following question given this paragraph: During active transport, specialized integral membrane proteins recognize the substance and allows it access. Essentially this process is forcing a ion or molecule to cross the membrane when normally it would not. Moving a substance against its concentration gradient is known as primary active transport , and the proteins involved in it as "pumps". This process uses the energy of ATP. In secondary active transport , energy from an electrochemical gradient is used to transport substances. This process involves pore-forming proteins that form channels through the cell membrane. Q: What phenomenon involves the forcing of a substance into a cell against its concentration gradient? A:
****
A: primary active transport

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. Compared to the solar system a star cluster is a big place. But galaxies are biggera lot bigger. Q: Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster? A:
OPTIONS:
- none of these
- solar system
- star cluster
- galaxy
galaxy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: functionality of pepsin. Second, the stomach has a thick mucus lining that protects the underlying tissue from the action of the digestive juices. When this mucus lining is ruptured, ulcers can form in the stomach. Ulcers are open wounds in or on an organ caused by bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) when the mucus lining is ruptured and fails to reform. Small Intestine Chyme moves from the stomach to the small intestine. The small intestine is the organ where the digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed. The small intestine is a long tube-like organ with a highly folded surface containing fingerlike projections called the villi. The apical surface of each villus has many microscopic projections called microvilli. These structures, illustrated in Figure 34.12, are lined with epithelial cells on the luminal side and allow for the nutrients to be absorbed from the digested food and absorbed into the blood stream on the other side. The villi and microvilli, with their many folds, increase the surface area of the intestine and increase absorption efficiency of the nutrients. Absorbed nutrients in the blood are carried into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver. There, the liver regulates the distribution of nutrients to the rest of the body and removes toxic substances, including drugs, alcohol, and some pathogens. Q: Which organ has a thick mucus lining that protects the underlying tissue from the action of the digestive juices? A:
OPTIONS:
- liver
- colon
- spleen
- stomach

Answer: stomach

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: all the life functions of an organism occur within cells,. Q: What basic structures are the site of all the life functions of an organism? A:
OPTIONS:
- lipids
- proteins
- genes
- cells
Answer: cells

input: OPTIONS:
- organelle
- genome
- protein
- organism Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Levels of organization, from the atom (smallest) to the organism (largest). Notice that organelles are inside a cell, and organs are inside an organism. Q: What is the largest level of organization? A:
A:
output:
organism