Process: - Water gets into cracks in rocks - The water freezes into ice - The cracks expand - Over time the rocks split - The rocks are now in smaller pieces. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the lung is not expanding happens, how will it affect fewer cracks expand. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no

Q: Process: - The bird picks a tree - The bird collects twigs and other refuse - The bird makes a flat base with twigs - The bird makes sides with twigs and other things - The bird adds softer material to the inside - The nest is done. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are more eggs laid happens, how will it affect there will be fewer eggs laid. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

Question: Process: - The bat sends out sound waves from their mouth or nose - The sound waves hit an object - Echoes are produced - The echo returns to the bat's ears - The bat hears the echo - The bat can figure out where the object is located. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more resources available happens, how will it affect More bat food available. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: no

[Q]: Process: - Air is pulled into the lungs - Oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream - Air is pushed through the vocal chords - A person talks - Other air is pushed out of the lungs into the environment. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose "the lung cant expand properly" happens, how will it affect a GREATER amount of oxygen being delivered to the blood stream. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes

input: Please answer the following: Process: - Chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen are released into the air - These substances rise into the high atmosphere - They react with water and oxygen - This creates a more acidic rain - The rain with the high acid content falls. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the rain is safer happens, how will it affect MORE damage by acid rain. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: yes

Process: - Dead organic material accumulates on the bottom of oceans, riverbeds or swamps, mixing with mud and sand - Over time, more sediment piles on top - The resulting heat and pressure transforms the organic layer into a dark and waxy substance known as kerogen - Left alone, the kerogen molecules eventually crack - The molecules break up into shorter and lighter molecules composed almost solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms - It will turn into either petroleum or natural gas - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose healthy kidney without problems happens, how will it affect LESS oil. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
no