Information: - The Republic of Iceland, "Lyveldi Island" in Icelandic, is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavik. Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate. - Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmal) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jamtland, Harjedalen and Bohuslan. - Jan Mayen is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and a part of Norway. It is long (southwest-northeast) and in area, partly covered by glaciers (an area of around the Beerenberg volcano). It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sr-Jan, linked by a wide isthmus. It lies northeast of Iceland (495km (305mi) NE of Kolbeinsey), east of central Greenland and west of the North Cape, Norway. The island is mountainous, the highest summit being the Beerenberg volcano in the north. The isthmus is the location of the two largest lakes of the island, Srlaguna (South Lagoon), and Nordlaguna (North Lagoon). A third lake is called Ullerenglaguna (Ullereng Lagoon). Jan Mayen was formed by the Jan Mayen hotspot. - Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. - Beerenberg is a 2,277 m ( 7,470 ft ) stratovolcano which forms the northeastern end of the Norwegian island of Jan Mayen . It is the world 's northernmost subaerial active volcano . The volcano is topped by a mostly ice - filled crater about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) wide , with numerous peaks along its rim including the highest summit , Haakon VII Toppen , on its western side . The upper slopes of the volcano are largely ice - covered , with several major glaciers including five which reach the sea . The longest of the glaciers is the Weyprecht Glacier , which flows from the summit crater via a breach through the northwestern portion of the crater rim , and extends about 6 km ( 4 mi ) down to the sea . Beerenberg is composed primarily of basaltic lava flows with minor amounts of tephra . Numerous cinder cones have been formed along flank fissures . Its most recent eruption took place in 1985 , with prior eruptions in 1970 and 1973 , all of which were flank eruptions from fissures on the northeast side of the mountain . Other eruptions with historical records occurred in 1732 , 1818 , and 1851 . Its name means '' Bear Mountain '' in Dutch , and it takes its name from the polar bears seen there by Dutch whalers in the early 17th century . - An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than , thus also known as continental glacier. The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America. - In natural science, subaerial (literally "under the air"), first used in 1833, notably in geology and botany, to describe events or features that are formed, located or taking place immediately on or near the Earth's land surface. They are thus exposed to Earth's atmosphere. This may be contrasted with "subaqueous" events or features located below a water surface, "submarine" events or features located below a sea surface, or "subglacial" ones located below glacial ice such as ice sheets. What entity does 'beerenberg' has the relation 'continent' with?
europe