Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.

Ex Input:
Abstract: The authors present the case of a 25-year-old man with idiopathic pachymeningitis hypertrophica that caused cervical radiculopathy. Decompressive surgery produced significant neurological improvement. The etiology and management of the condition are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

Ex Output:
Adult

Ex Input:
Abstract: In an earlier report, the authors demonstrated a trend toward progressive hyperopia in radial keratotomy (RK) patients examined between one and three to four years postoperatively. In those 109 cases, the surgeries were performed using a metal-blade instrument. In the following study, the metal-blade series was updated to a total of 225 procedures, and a more recent series of 300 procedures performed on 228 patients was examined in which a diamond-knife cutting instrument was used. Patients had uncorrected visual acuity determination, cycloplegic refractions with best corrected visual acuity measurements and keratometry measurements. The authors demonstrated a hyperopic shift in the distribution of postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) values across time such that higher proportions of cases in both metal-blade and diamond-knife series were at least 1.0 diopter (D) away from emmetropia at 24 and 48 months than was the case at 12 months after surgery. Regression analysis determined that none of the preoperative or surgical variables known to affect refractive outcome of RK (alone or in combination) could account for the changes in refraction seen during the course of postoperative time. In general, changes in keratometry paralleled refractive changes, but were somewhat smaller in magnitude.

Ex Output:
Cornea

Ex Input:
Abstract: The applicability of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) for renal replacement therapy was evaluated in three infants and two young children with catastrophic medical and surgical illnesses. In the first four patients, CAVH was used in conjunction with either peritoneal or hemodialysis. In the fifth patient, CAVH was the sole renal replacement therapy employed; in this critically ill anuric infant, we were best able to evaluate the ability of CAVH to continuously control fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and allow the administration of adequate parenteral nutrition. The difficulties encountered were related to anticoagulation, establishment of adequate vascular access, and selection of an appropriate hemofilter for the performance of the technique. Despite the application of suction-assistance, we were unable to effectively employ a prototype pediatric hemofilter to attain a level of plasma ultrafiltration consistent with the objectives of therapy. However, we were able to effectively and safely employ an adult hemofilter for these purposes; modifications were made in the adult hemofilter system before its application in the smallest pediatric patients. Our experience suggests that, even in critically ill infants, CAVH can be successfully applied as an effective renal replacement therapy. However, further experience is required before its potential impact on patient survival can be assessed.

Ex Output:
Anuria