Answer the following question given this paragraph: Charging by Induction It is not necessary to transfer excess charge directly to an object in order to charge it. Figure 18.13 shows a method of induction wherein a charge is created in a nearby object, without direct contact. Here we see two neutral metal spheres in contact with one another but insulated from the rest of the world. A positively charged rod is brought near one of them, attracting negative charge to that side, leaving the other sphere positively charged. This is an example of induced polarization of neutral objects. Polarization is the separation of charges in an object that remains neutral. If the spheres are now separated (before the rod is pulled away), each sphere will have a net charge. Note that the object closest to the charged rod receives an opposite charge when charged by induction. Note also that no charge is removed from the charged rod, so that this process can be repeated without depleting the supply of excess charge. Another method of charging by induction is shown in Figure 18.14. The neutral metal sphere is polarized when a charged rod is brought near it. The sphere is then grounded, meaning that a conducting wire is run from the sphere to the ground. Since the earth is large and most ground is a good conductor, it can supply or accept excess charge easily. In this case, electrons are attracted to the sphere through a wire called the ground wire, because it supplies a conducting path to the ground. The ground connection is broken before the charged rod is removed, leaving the sphere with an excess charge opposite to that of the rod. Again, an opposite charge is achieved when charging by induction and the charged rod loses none of its excess charge. Q: What causes polarization in a neutral object? A:
OPTIONS:
- meaning of charges
- combining of charges
- signaling of charges
- separation of charges

Answer: separation of charges

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some arthropods have special excretory structures. They are called coxal glands and Malpighian tubules . Coxal glands collect and concentrate liquid waste from blood. They excrete the waste from the body through a pore. Malphigian tubules carry waste from the digestive tract to the anus. The waste is excreted through the anus. Q: Coxal glands collect liquid waste from what? A:
OPTIONS:
- lungs
- plasma
- heart
- blood
Answer: blood

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: where the term salt can refer to essentially any ionic compound. An example would be the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide:. Q: The term salt can refer to essentially any of what compounds? A:
OPTIONS:
- absorption
- metallic
- solvent
- ionic
output: ionic

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Regardless of what gravity is a force between masses or the result of curves in space and time the effects of gravity on motion are well known. You already know that gravity causes objects to fall down to the ground. Gravity affects the motion of objects in other ways as well. Q: What is the force that causes objects to fall down to the ground? A:

OPTIONS:
- velocity
- pull
- motion
- gravity

A: gravity

input: OPTIONS:
- decreases
- stays constant
- stagnates
- increase Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like a gas, plasma lacks a fixed volume and shape. Unlike a gas, it can conduct electricity and respond to magnetism. Q: Does pressure increase or decrease when gas particles heat up? A:
A:
output: increase

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Because each carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, very large and complex molecules can be formed just from these two elements. Hydrocarbons in which all carbons are connected by single bonds are known as alkanes . If a C=C double bond is present, the compound is now an alkene . A triple bond between two carbons (CC) makes the compound an alkyne . Hydrocarbons can also be broadly classified as either saturated , which means they contain no multiple bonds, or unsaturated , which means they contain at least one double or triple bond. Q: Hydrocarbons in which all carbons are connected by single bonds are called? A:
OPTIONS:
- acids
- enzymes
- lipids
- alkanes
Answer:
alkanes