instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating (REG) islet-derived family of proteins.', 'Stably REG4-expressing cells were established from a pancreatic cancer cell line and exposed in vitro to gamma-ray or gemcitabine to investigate the relevance of REG4 to the resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In 23 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the serum concentration of REG4 was measured before preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and the histologic response was evaluated after the surgery.', 'A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) revealed that REG4-overexpressing cells were resistant to gamma-radiation but showed a modest resistance to gemcitabine. The patients with a higher REG4 level, but not carcinoembryonic antigen or CA-19-9, showed an unfavorable histologic response to chemoradiotherapy (Spearman, rho = 0.439, P = 0.039). The patients showing a higher REG4 level experienced local recurrence postoperatively.
answer:
1

question:
We aimed to better discriminate metastasized (lymphogen/occult/both combined) from non-metastasized seminoma based on post-transcriptional changes examined in the peripheral blood.', 'Total RNAs including small RNAs were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients suffering from metastasized testicular tumours (lymphogen, n = 5, clinical stage IIb/c; occult, n = 5, clinical stage I) and non-metastasized patients (n = 5, clinical stage I). Small RNA next generation sequencing (SOLID, Life Technologies) was employed to examine post-transcriptional changes. We searched for small RNAs showing at least 50 reads and a significant 2-fold difference using peripheral blood small RNAs of non-metastasized tumours as the reference group. Candidate small RNAs were examined in univariate logistic regression analysis and combinations of two small RNAs were further examined using support vector machines.', 'On average 1.3 x 10(7), 1.2 x 10(7) and 1.2 x 10(7) small RNA reads were detectable in non-metastasized, lymphogen and occult metastasized seminoma, respectively of which 73-76% remained after trimming. From these between 80-82% represented annotated reads and 7.2-7.8% (1.6-1.7 x 10(4)) were annotated small RNA tags. Of them 137 small RNAs showed > 50 reads and a two-fold difference to the reference. In univariate analysis we detected 33-35 different small RNAs which significantly discriminated lymphogen/occult/combined metastasized from non-metastasized seminoma and among these different comparisons it were the same small RNAs in 44-79%. Many combinations of two of these small RNAs completely discriminated metastasized from non-metastasized seminoma irrespective of the metastasis subtype.
answer:
0

question:
To determine the relationship between abnormalities in blood coagulation and prevalent or incident cardiovascular complications in Type 2 diabetes.', 'Prospective cohort study of 128 patients with Type 2 diabetes in whom blood samples were collected at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. All cardiovascular complications at baseline and follow-up were recorded. Forty-three healthy, age-matched subjects served as a control group.', "Logistic analysis revealed an independent relationship between soluble tissue factor (TF) and microvascular disease [per pg mL(-1) TF: Exp(B) = 1.008; CI(95%)1.002-1.014], or neurogenic disease [Exp(B) = 1.006; CI(95%)1.001-1.011]. The highest levels of soluble TF were observed in patients with microvascular and neurogenic disease (P < 0.001). Patients with Type 2 diabetes having a soluble TF concentration >300 pg mL(-1) are at a 15-fold higher risk for the presence of microvascular disease and at a 10-fold higher risk for the presence of neurogenic disease compared with the patients with concentrations below 100 pg mL(-1). Soluble TF was correlated with tissue type plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor antigen, systolic blood pressure and age. Levels of F1' + 2, D-dimer, FVIII activity, t-PA and vWFag were not different among patients with micro-, macro- or neurogenic complications compared with patients without those complications. Forty-eight new micro-, macro- and/or neurogenic complications were diagnosed after 1 year follow-up. With the exception of higher F1 + 2 levels after 1 year all other markers remained unchanged. A trend toward higher soluble TF levels was observed in patients with new microvascular events (P = 0.056).
answer:
1