Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Even if the optional lemmatization step is applied, one can still aim at further reducing the graph complexity by merging similar vertices. This step is called meta vertex construction. The meta-vertex construction step works as follows. Let INLINEFORM0 represent the set of vertices, as defined above. A meta vertex INLINEFORM1 is comprised of a set of vertices that are elements of INLINEFORM2 , i.e. INLINEFORM3 . Let INLINEFORM4 denote the INLINEFORM5 -th meta vertex. We construct a given INLINEFORM6 so that for each INLINEFORM7 , INLINEFORM8 's initial edges (prior to merging it into a meta vertex) are rewired to the newly added INLINEFORM9 . Note that such edges connect to vertices which are not a part of INLINEFORM10 . Thus, both the number of vertices, as well as edges get reduced substantially. This feature is implemented via the following procedure: Meta vertex candidate identification. Edit distance and word lengths distance are used to determine whether two words should be merged into a meta vertex (only if length distance threshold is met, the more expensive edit distance is computed). The meta vertex creation. As common identifiers, we use the stemmed version of the original vertices and if there is more than one resulting stem, we select the vertex from the identified candidates that has the highest centrality value in the graph and its stemmed version is introduced as a novel vertex (meta vertex).
How are meta vertices computed?