Answer the following question given this paragraph: Animals and Plants: Herbivory Coevolution of flowering plants and insects is a hypothesis that has received much attention and support, especially because both angiosperms and insects diversified at about the same time in the middle Mesozoic. Many authors have attributed the diversity of plants and insects to pollination and herbivory, or consumption of plants by insects and other animals. This is believed to have been as much a driving force as pollination. Coevolution of herbivores and plant defenses is observed in nature. Unlike animals, most plants cannot outrun predators or use mimicry to hide from hungry animals. A sort of arms race exists between plants and herbivores. To "combat" herbivores, some plant seedssuch as acorn and unripened persimmonare high in alkaloids and therefore unsavory to some animals. Other plants are protected by bark, although some animals developed specialized mouth pieces to tear and chew vegetal material. Spines and thorns (Figure 26.18) deter most animals, except for mammals with thick fur, and some birds have specialized beaks to get past such defenses. Q: What hypothetical link between development of herbivores and plant defenses is observed in nature, for instance in seeds that are unsavory to animals? Choices: - interconnection - abjection - natural selection - coevolution A:
coevolution
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The heart is a muscular organ in the chest that consists mainly of cardiac muscle. It pumps blood through blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. Blood flows through four chambers of the heart when it beats. Heartbeat is controlled by electrical signals from special cells within the heart called the pacemaker. Q: What type of muscle makes up most of the heart? Choices: - chest muscles - heart muscle - respiratory muscle - cardiac muscle A:
(Answer)
cardiac muscle
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The epidermis of the leaf consists of a single layer of tightly-packed dermal cells. They secrete waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf. The epidermis has tiny pores called stomata (singular, stoma) that control transpiration and gas exchange with the air. For photosynthesis, stomata must control the transpiration of water vapor and the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stomata are flanked by guard cells that swell or shrink by taking in or losing water through osmosis . When they do, they open or close the stomata (see Figure below ). Q: What type of cells make up the epidermis of a leaf? Choices: - chloroplasts - endothermic cells - mesophyll - dermal cells A:
Ans: dermal cells
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Surface mining is used to obtain mineral ores that are near the surface. Blasting breaks up the soil and rocks that contain the ore. Enormous trucks haul the broken rocks to locations where the ores can be removed. Surface mining includes open-pit mining, quarrying, and strip mining. Q: What type pf mining is used to obtain mineral ores that are near the surface? Choices: - multi-layered mining - function mining - core mining - surface mining A:
(A).
surface mining
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, two layers of phospholipid molecules. Notice the polar head group of the phospholipid is attached to the phosphate, and the tails are two fatty acid chains. The head group and tails are attached by a glycerol backbone. Q: What basic cell structure is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and two layers of phospholipid molecules? Choices: - cell cartilage - nucleus - mitochondria - cell membrane A:

Ans:cell membrane
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 20.8 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. Metabolism is the general term for all chemical reactions in living organisms. The two types of metabolism are catabolismthose reactions in which complex molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) are broken down to simpler ones with the concomitant release of energyand anabolismthose reactions that consume energy to build complex molecules. Metabolism is studied by looking at individual metabolic pathways, which are a series of biochemical reactions in which a given reactant is converted to a desired end product. The oxidation of fuel molecules (primarily carbohydrates and lipids), a process called respiration, is the source of energy used by cells. Catabolic reactions release energy from food molecules and use some of that energy for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); anabolic reactions use the energy in ATP to create new compounds. Catabolism can be divided into three stages. In stage I, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down into their individual monomer unitssimple sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, respectively. In stage II, these monomer units are broken down by specific metabolic pathways to form a common end product acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). In stage III, acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to form carbon dioxide and water, and ATP is produced. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: Catabolism and anabolism are the two types of what? Choices: - heart rate - cells - calcium - metabolism A:
Answer:
metabolism