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One of the cardinal signs of chronic pancreatitis is unintended weight loss. This is because, in chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas is damaged and is thus unable to release the usual quantities of digestive enzymes. This makes it challenging to successfully digest and absorb food and leads to malnutrition and weight loss. Here are some ways to differentiate the weight loss of chronic pancreatitis from weight loss associated with other medical conditions: Unintended weight loss is also one of the hallmark signs of cancer. The difference with cancer, however, is that it may be associated with other symptoms such as night sweats, shortness of breath, and/or pain in the affected area of the body. The weight loss of chronic pancreatitis is associated with abnormal stools, but rarely any other symptoms. Unintended weight loss may also be experienced as a result of bowel disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease or Celiac disease. Both of these conditions lead to troubles with absorption through the gut, resulting in the weight loss. Celiac disease can be tested for by measuring tTG-IgA in the blood, and following up with a biopsy if the first test is positive. Inflammatory bowel disease can be tested for with blood tests for anemia (low red blood cells) and stool tests for blood in the stool, as well as a colonoscopy (a scope inserted in your colon) to examine the state of your bowel wall. People with cystic fibrosis may also have unintended weight loss, because cystic fibrosis leads to challenges with the pancreas that resemble those of chronic pancreatitis. Cystic fibrosis can be diagnosed with a sweat test. Cystic fibrosis may actually lead to the development of subsequent pancreatitis, as the two conditions are linked. In chronic pancreatitis, stools tend to be abnormal, presenting either as diarrhea or as oily, fatty stools that may be pale or clay-colored. The stools are also sometimes foul smelling and difficult to flush. The stool abnormalities are again due to digestive problems, resulting from insufficient amounts of digestive enzymes released from a damaged pancreas. Other medical conditions that may present with abnormal stools include: Other bowel diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. These can be tested for with a combination of your medical history, blood tests, stool tests, and a possible colonoscopy. Abnormal stools may also result from problems with the liver and/or gallbladder. These can be screened for with blood tests. One of the hallmarks of many cases of chronic pancreatitis is epigastric pain, which occurs in the upper abdomen. This may radiate through to your back, and it may worsen in relationship to eating (particularly fatty foods) or drinking (particularly alcohol); however, although abdominal pain is present in the vast majority of cases of chronic pancreatitis, there are some people who present with no pain, which can make the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis a challenge. Other medical conditions that may present with right upper quadrant abdominal pain include: Liver and/or biliary tract diseases, which can be screened for with blood tests. A muscular or soft tissue injury. Other gastrointestinal or bowel diseases, which can be assess for with blood tests, stool tests, and possibly a colonoscopy. Note that, if you are experiencing all of the above symptoms that are suggestive of chronic pancreatitis (unintended weight loss, abnormal fatty stools, and upper abdominal pain, in addition to possible nausea and/or vomiting), chances are that you do in fact have pancreatitis (as opposed to another medical condition). This is because, while each symptom on its own is relatively non-specific (and may be caused by a number of medical problems), the constellation of all of them together paints the picture of likely pancreatitis. Note, however, that you will need to proceed with a series of diagnostic tests and evaluations to confirm (or rule out) the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. It is not a diagnosis that can be made on the basis of symptoms alone; rather, symptoms are used to guide your doctor when they have reason to suspect that you may indeed have pancreatitis. The number one risk factor for developing chronic pancreatitis is consuming large amounts of alcohol. If you have been a heavy drinker in your life (consuming multiple drinks daily for several years), this greatly increases the chance that the symptoms you are experiencing are the result of chronic pancreatitis (as opposed to another condition).

summary: Notice unintended weight loss. Examine your stools. Watch for upper abdominal pain. Tell your doctor about the sum total of your symptoms. Take note if you have a history of alcohol consumption.

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Filing is best for creating fine detail, smoothing out chisel marks, and refining the final shape of your piece. Most stone carving files have uni-directional teeth, meaning that they only cut in one direction. The proper way to use this file is to push it away from you rather than grinding it back and forth via the traditional method. Grinding the file back and forth may be effective, but it will also wear down your files quickly. Instead, push the file away from you and then lift it up. Return the file to its original position and push again. An added benefit of filing this way is that it gets the file out of view after each stroke, letting you see the surface more as you work. Epoxy is a special glue that typically comes in two components that you have to mix before applying. Gluing stones back together is typically reserved for when you are working with larger stone slabs and losing a significant piece means compromising your entire design (for example, if you lost the "arm" portion of your statue sculpture). For smaller sculptures and carvings, you simply need to rethink your sculpture. Instead of carving a heart, maybe now you will decide to carve an arrow. Removing chisel marks and scratches will make your stone look more refined and professional. The amount of grit refers to how many grains of grit there are per square inch. The higher the grit, the finer the sanded product will be. For sanding the softer stones suggested above, avoid sandpaper with grit 80 and below. These are coarser grits and may damage your final product. It is recommended that you sand the stone while it is wet. Use the wet/dry brand of sandpaper, since standard sandpaper will fall apart when it gets wet. Sanding dry is helpful because it allows you to see cracks and marks as you work, but it will definitely require the use of a respirator. To avoid spending more as well as creating harmful dust, wait for your stone to dry after each sanding session. Remember the areas where you spot any blemishes, and then re-wet the stone and continue sanding. This technique will require patience but will save you money and ensure your safety.

summary: File your stone moving away from you only. Glue large pieces of lost stone back to the sculpture with epoxy. Sand your final product with 220 grit paper.

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Cardboard is simply a sheet of ridged paper sandwiched in between two sheets of flat paper. The corrugator organizes and assembles the three different sheets to make corrugated cardboard. The ridged paper increases the stability and durability of the cardboard while using a relatively small amount of paper. The machine heats the flat paper to 350 degrees Fahrenheit and pushes it through ridged rollers. The result is a sheet of paper with a repeating U-shaped design that will be used as the core of the cardboard. The corrugator applies a starch-based glue to one side of the ridged sheet, which is then pressed onto a sheet of flat paper. The same process is used to apply another flat sheet to the untouched side of the ridged sheet, creating the familiar corrugated sheet of cardboard. Further cuts and perforations are made to allow for folding into various shaped boxes and containers.
summary: The industrial process of making cardboard boxes uses a machine called a corrugator. The ridged sheet is made by running paper through the corrugator. A flat sheet of paper is glued to each side of the ridged sheet. The large sheet of corrugated cardboard is then cut based on the desired size and shape.