Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: A new protocol for postoperative calcium management was developed with the aim of achieving an increase in the proportion of patients being safely discharged on the first postoperative day. We present our experience with the first 50 patients treated under this new protocol.', 'A cohort study was performed involving the first 50 patients admitted for total or completion thyroidectomy, those data were then compared with a control group. Intact PTH (iPTH) was measured at 4-h postoperatively and patients with iPTH in the normal range were discharged on the first postoperative day.', 'Mean age and sex distribution were similar in both groups. Mean lowest postoperative corrected calcium levels in the study group were 2.19 mmol/l and 2.15 mmol/l in the control group (P = 0.24). Parathyroid auto-transplantation was associated with low PTH levels (risk ratio = 0.49). Over 50% of patients (n = 27) were successfully discharged on the first postoperative day in the study group and no patient required readmission. Length of stay was significantly shorter in the study group, mean 1.64 vs. 2.20 days (P < 0.05).
Answer: The use of iPTH accurately predicts hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy and can be used to facilitate safe early discharge for patients.

Output: Does postoperative PTH measurement facilitate day 1 discharge after total thyroidectomy?

Input: Consider Input: Context: Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have prognostic value in patients with various operable tumors. The aim of our study was to determine whether NLR and PLR are predictive of survival in thymic carcinoma patients after complete resection.', 'A total of seventy-nine patients who underwent complete resection of thymic carcinoma at our hospital between January 2005 and December 2015 were retrospectively enrolled. Differential leukocyte counts were collected before surgery, and the relationships of NLR, PLR, and other patient clinical variables with survival were estimated by Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.', 'Univariate analysis found that a high level of NLR was associated with lower disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 3.385, 95% CI: 1.073-10.678, P=0.037) and lower overall survival (OS) (HR: 12.836, 95% CI: 1.615-101.990, P=0.016). The optimal NLR threshold of 4.1 could stratify the patients with high risk of recurrence or metastasis (P=0.026) and death (P=0.006). Meanwhile, the NLR value of >4.1 in those patients was associated with bigger tumor size (P=0.035) and more advanced Masaoka stages (P=0.040) compared with NLR 4.1. However, the PLR and other variables were not significantly associated with survival in thymic carcinoma patients.
Answer: The preoperative NLR of >4.1 was significantly associated with larger tumor size, more advanced Masaoka stages and reduced DFS and OS, but was not an independent predictor of survival in thymic carcinoma patients after complete resection.

Output: Is prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio superior to platelet-lymphocyte ratio for survival in patients who underwent complete resection of thymic carcinoma?

Input: Consider Input: Context: To evaluate various formats for the communication of prenatal test results.', 'In study 1 (N=400), female students completed a questionnaire assessing risk perception, affect, and perceived usefulness of prenatal test results. A randomized, 2 (risk level; low, high) x 4 (format; ratio with numerator 1, ratio with denominator 1000, Paling Perspective Scale, pictograms) design was used. Study 2 (N=200) employed a 2 (risk level; low, high) x 2 (format; Paling Perspective Scale, risk comparisons in numerical format) design.', 'In study 1, the Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk across different risk levels compared with the other formats. Furthermore, participants in the low-risk group perceived the test results as less risky compared with participants in the high-risk group (P < 0.001) when the Paling Perspective Scale was used. No significant differences between low and high risks were observed for the other 3 formats. In study 2, the Paling Perspective Scale evoked higher levels of perceived risks relative to the numerical presentation of risk comparisons. For both formats, we found that participants confronted with a high risk perceived test results as more risky compared with participants confronted with a low risk.
Answer: The Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk compared with the other formats. This effect must be taken into account when choosing a graphical or numerical format for risk communication.
Output: Does the effect of graphical and numerical presentation of hypothetical prenatal diagnosis result on risk perception?