Problem: The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel. The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future". The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The Space Race peaked with the July 20, 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions, and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. A period of detente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative ApolloSoyuz Test Project, resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew.
1. What began in 1955?
2. When?
3. When did it peak?
4. Month and date?
5. Who competed?
6. Were they rivals?
7. From what war?
8. What satellite was the first to launch?
9. Made by who?
10. Was the first man in space from the US?
11. Who was?
12. When?
13. Month and date?
14. Who landed on the moon first?
15. With what spacecraft?
16. Did the USSR make it to the moon?
17. DId they continue to try?
18. What did they focus on instead?
19. What happened in 1972?
20. What did it result in?
21. When?
Answer: 1. The Space Race.
2. August 2nd.
3. 1969.
4. July 20th.
5. USSR and the US.
6. Yes.
7. World War II.
8. Sputnik 1.
9. Soviet Union.
10. No.
11. Yuri Gagarin.
12. 1961.
13. April 12th.
14. The US.
15. Apollo 11.
16. No.
17. No.
18. Space stations.
19. The countries made a co-operative agreement.
20. In Earth orbit of US and Soviet crews.
21. 1975.

Problem: (CNN) -- When Elizabeth Joice found out that she was pregnant, she and her husband, Max, were ecstatic.

A fertility specialist had told her that this would never happen, Max says, because of the chemotherapy Elizabeth underwent to beat sarcoma in 2010.

"It very much felt like a miracle," he says. "Bringing a child into this world -- I mean, it wasn't just important for me; it was one of the most important things for Liz."

Then, one month into her pregnancy, Elizabeth's cancer returned, he says.

Surgeons removed the tumors in her back, but she needed a full-body MRI scan to know whether the cancer had spread. Because an MRI's contrast dyes may damage a developing fetus, she faced a difficult decision. She could either terminate her pregnancy to undergo the scan or continue with the pregnancy without knowing her true cancer status.

"We felt that if we terminated this pregnancy and did these scans, if it turned out that there was no evidence of this disease after the scans, then we would have possibly given up our only chance at having a child naturally and would have done it for nothing," Max said.

"It was a calculated risk. We knew there was a possibility of a worst-case scenario, but we also thought there was a good chance that we could have the baby."

Shortly after becoming pregnant, Elizabeth was introduced to filmmaker Christopher Henze. His upcoming documentary on pregnancy and motherhood will include the Joices' story.

"It took about three minutes to realize that Liz was a stellar human being, and I wanted her for my movie," Henze said. "I was impressed by the way she looked at cancer as another problem to be solved."
1. Why was Elizabeth ecstatic?
2. What did the fertility specialist tell her?
3. why?
4. for what?
5. did the sarcoma return?
6. when?
7. did she have it removed?
8. What could damage her developing fetus?
9. Who is Chris Henze?
10. What is his relationship to Elizabeth?
11. What is his documentary about?
12. Why did he want Elizabeth in his movie?
13. How does she look at cancer?
14. What year did she have chemo?
15. Did she terminate her pregnancy?
16. why?
Answer: 1. she was pregnant
2. That she would not get pregnant.
3. because of the chemotherapy
4. to beat sarcoma
5. yes
6. unknown
7. yes
8. The MRI
9. A filmmaker
10. unknown
11. pregnancy and motherhood
12. She was a stellar human being
13. as another problem to be solved
14. 2010
15. no
16. They thought there was a good chance to have the baby

Problem: Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.

Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth. Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled until his death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, Elizabeth and the Roman Catholic Mary, in spite of statute law to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.

In 1558, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir to continue the Tudor line. She never did, despite numerous courtships. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day.
1. who was the queen of england?
2. What was her other names?
3. Who was she the daughter of?
4. What was her brother's name?
5. Did he ever rule?
6. until when?
7. What happened in 1558?
8. What was one of her first actions?
9. What was she most famous for?
10. Did people admire her?
11. What did she get arrested for?
12. When did she die?
Answer:
1. Elizabeth I
2. The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess
3. Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
4. Edward VI
5. Yes
6. 1553
7. Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne
8. the establishment of an English Protestant church
9. her virginity
10. unknown
11. supporting Protestant rebels.
12. 1603