Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Example: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Example solution: 1
Example explanation: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.

Problem: Proper selection of patients for carotid artery stenting (CAS) remains controversial despite multiple controlled trials. This relates in part to differences in interpretation of the relative importance of myocardial vs stroke complications after the procedure by different specialties and a lack of granular clinical data to analyze outcomes outside the large clinical trials. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of preoperative medications, procedure parameters, and patient characteristics on outcomes of CAS performed in a multispecialty national database.', 'We analyzed all patients who underwent CAS between 2005 and 2014 in the Vascular Quality Initiative. A multivariate logistic regression model was built to assess the effects of age, gender, comorbidities, smoking, preprocedure medications, procedure details, and hypotension or hypertension that required intravenous medication on 30-day death or stroke rates.', 'A total of 5263 patients underwent CAS (mean age, 70 years; 63% male). The 30-day stroke/death rate was 3.4% (1.5% minor stroke, 0.9% major stroke, and 1.2% death; 40% of patients who had major strokes died within 30 days), and the myocardial infarction rate was 0.8%. Postprocedural hypertension requiring treatment occurred in 519 cases (9.9%), and it was associated with a 3.4-fold increase in stroke/death (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-5.00; P < .0001). Preprocedural beta-blocker use for >30 days was associated with a 34% reduction in the stroke/death risk (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.95; P = .025) compared with nonuse. Beta-blocker use was not associated with postprocedural hypotension. Other predictors of postoperative stroke and death included age, symptomatic status, diabetes (type 1 or type 2), and postprocedural hypotension, whereas prior carotid endarterectomy and distal embolic protection use were protective.
Solution: 0