Input: Chinese characters
In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters. Some of these can be considered logograms, where characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes, though these are generally instead considered ligatures or abbreviations (similar to scribal abbreviations, such as & for "et"), and as non-standard. These do see use, particularly in handwriting or decoration, but also in some cases in print. In Chinese, these ligatures are called hewen (), heshu () or hetizi (), and in the special case of combining two characters, these are known as "two-syllable Chinese characters" (, ).

What are logograms?
Output: characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes

Input: Chinese characters
A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol , formed as a ligature of and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: shuangxi). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined common ligatures include nian, "twenty", normally read as ershi, sa, "thirty", normally read as sanshi, and xi "forty", normally read as "sishi". In some cases counters are also merged into one character, such as qishi ren "seventy people". Another common abbreviation is with a "T" written inside it, for , , wenti ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable ti . Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries.

What characters are often non-standard?
Output: polysyllabic

Input: Heresy
In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had always dealt harshly with strands of Christianity that it considered heretical, but before the 11th century these tended to centre around individual preachers or small localised sects, like Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism. The diffusion of the almost Manichaean sect of Paulicians westwards gave birth to the famous 11th and 12th century heresies of Western Europe. The first one was that of Bogomils in modern day Bosnia, a sort of sanctuary between Eastern and Western Christianity. By the 11th century, more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of northern Italy, southern France and Flanders.

What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?
Output: Paulicians

Input: Sexual orientation
Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

What does knowing the sexual population influence?
Output:
how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies