Information: - The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet. It is one of several of the cultivated varieties of "Beta vulgaris" grown for their edible taproots and their leaves (called beet greens). These varieties have been classified as "B. vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris" Conditiva Group. - The sea beet, "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima" ((L.) Arcangeli.), is a member of the family Amaranthaceae, previously of the Chenopodiaceae. Carl Linnaeus first described "Beta vulgaris" in 1753; in the second edition of "Species Plantarum" in 1762, he divided the species into wild and cultivated varieties, giving the name "Beta maritima" to the wild taxon. - Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in Betoideae subfamily in the Amaranthaceae family. It is the economically most important crop of the large order Caryophyllales. It has several cultivar groups, the sugar beet, of greatest importance to produce table sugar; the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet; the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet; and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivars fall into the subspecies "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris". The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the sea beet ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima"). - Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of galactose and glucose that is found in milk. Lactose makes up around 28% of milk (by weight), although the amount varies among species and individuals, and milk with a reduced amount of lactose also exists. It is extracted from sweet or sour whey. The name comes from ' (gen. '), the Latin word for milk, plus the "-ose" ending used to name sugars. It has a formula of CHO and the hydrate formula CHOHO, making it an isomer of sucrose. - Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion. Fructose was discovered by French chemist Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut in 1847. The name "fructose" was coined in 1857 by the English chemist William Miller. Pure, dry fructose is a very sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. Fructose is found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables. - Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants known as the amaranth family. It now includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae, and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species. making it the most species-rich lineage within the flowering plant order of Caryophyllales. - Monosaccharides (from Greek "monos": single, "sacchar": sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates. They are fundamental units of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. The general formula is . They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose) and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Further, each carbon atom that supports a hydroxyl group (so, all of the carbons except for the primary and terminal carbon) is chiral, giving rise to a number of isomeric forms, all with the same chemical formula. For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but have different physical structures and chemical properties. - A Group (previously cultivar-group) is a formal category for cultivated plants that share a defined characteristic according to the "Cultivated Plant Code". In 2004, the "Code" started using the term "Group" (always written with a capital "G") in place of "cultivar-group", which had previously been the category's name since 1995. - Sugar beet , cultivated Beta vulgaris , is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose . It is grown commercially for sugar production . Sugar beets and other B. vulgaris cultivars , such as beetroot and chard , share a common wild ancestor , the sea beet ( Beta vulgaris maritima ) . In 2011 , France , the United States , Germany , Russia , and Ukraine were the world 's five largest sugar beet producers by mass , whilst by value Turkey takes the place of Ukraine . However , in 2010 -- 2011 , North America , Western Europe , and Eastern Europe did not produce enough sugar from sugar beets to meet overall demand for sugar , and were all net importers of sugar . The US harvested 1,004,600 acres ( 406,547 ha ) of sugar beets in 2008 . In 2009 , sugar beets accounted for 20 % of the world 's sugar production . - Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, vegetable greens, leafy greens, or salad greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Although they come from a very wide variety of plants, most share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods. - In everyday usage, a vegetable is any part of a plant that is consumed by humans as food as part of a savory meal. The term "vegetable" is somewhat arbitrary, and largely defined through culinary and cultural tradition. It normally excludes other food derived from plants such as fruits, nuts, and cereal grains, but includes seeds such as pulses. The original meaning of the word "vegetable", still used in biology, was to describe all types of plant, as in the terms "vegetable kingdom" and "vegetable matter". - Caryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. - The cardoon ("Cynara cardunculus"), also called the artichoke thistle, cardone, cardoni, carduni, or cardi, is a thistle-like plant in the sunflower family. It is a naturally occurring species that includes the globe artichoke, and has many cultivated forms. It is native to the western and central Mediterranean region, where it was domesticated in ancient times. - Sucrose is a common, naturally occurring saccharide found in many plants and plant parts. Saccharose is an obsolete name for sugars in general, especially sucrose. The molecule is a disaccharide combination of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose with the formula CHO. - Chard ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris", Cicla-Group and Flavescens-Group) is a leafy green vegetable often used in Mediterranean cooking. In the Flavescens-Group-cultivars, the leaf stalks are large and are often prepared separately from the leaf blade. The leaf blade can be green or reddish in color; the leaf stalks also vary in color, usually white, yellow, or red. Chard has highly nutritious leaves making it a popular addition to healthful diets (like other green leafy vegetables). Chard has been around for centuries, but because of its similarity to other beets and some other vegetables such as cardoon, the common names used by cooks over the centuries may be confusing. - Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are various types of sugar derived from different sources. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. The table or granulated sugar most customarily used as food is sucrose, a disaccharide. (In the body, sucrose hydrolyses into fructose and glucose.) Other disaccharides include maltose and lactose. Longer chains of sugars are called oligosaccharides. Chemically-different substances may also have a sweet taste, but are not classified as sugars. Some are used as lower-calorie food substitutes for sugar, described as artificial sweeteners. - The term cultivar is, most commonly, referring to an assemblage of plants selected for desirable characteristics that are maintained during propagation. More generally, "cultivar" refers to the most basic classification category of cultivated plants governed by the ICNCP. Most cultivars have arisen in cultivation, but a few are special selections from the wild. - The Chenopodiaceae are a family of flowering plants, also called the goosefoot family. Although widely recognized in most plant classifications (notably the Cronquist system), the more recent gene-based APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) have included these plants in the family Amaranthaceae; molecular phylogeny has shown it to be paraphyletic. - In biological classification, subspecies (abbreviated "subsp." or "ssp."; "plural": "subspecies") is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, or a taxonomic unit in that rank. A subspecies cannot be recognized independently: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or at least two (including any that are extinct). - Mangelwurzel or mangold wurzel (from "Mangel/Mangold" and "Wurzel", "root"), also called mangold, mangel beet, field beet, and fodder beet, is a cultivated root vegetable derived from "Beta vulgaris". The cultivars are named Crassa Group. Their large white, yellow or orange-yellow swollen roots were developed in the 18th century as a fodder crop for feeding livestock. - Spinach ("Spinacia oleracea") is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'taxon rank' with the subject 'sugar beet'. Choices: - cultivar - family - form - group - kingdom - order - species - subfamily - subspecies - variety
Answer:
group