It's only necessary to write an address on a letter if it is formal. Otherwise, you can just write the addresses on the envelope or package. The components of addresses in German come in a different order than in English: title, name, street and number, postal code (''Postleitzahl''), and location. For example: Frau (Ms.--use "Herr" for Mr.) Marianne Mulller, Zeughofstrasse 23, 1121 Berlin, Deutschland This is usually placed in the top right corner of a document. There are multiple ways to write a date on a German letter, which may vary from the way it is written in English. You can also choose to write the place (''Ort'') you are writing from along with the date. For example, all of the following are acceptable ways of writing "from Berlin on April 13, 2017." Pay special attention to the placement of periods (don't use dashes, slashes, or commas): 2017-04-13 13.04.2017 13. April 2017 Berlin, 13.04.2017 Berlin, den 13. April 2017 Letters in German should always begin with a short greeting addressed to the reader of the letter. For formal correspondence, there are a number of acceptable salutations. If you are corresponding with a professional (such as a doctor or official), include their title. Make sure to pay attention to differences in spelling depending on whether you are writing to a man, woman, or both: Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren (Dear Sir or Madam) Sehr geehrte Damen (Dear Madam) Sehr geehrte Herren (Gentlemen) Sehr geehrte Frau Muller (Dear Ms. Muller) Sehr geehrter Herr Mulller (Dear Mr. Mulller) Sehr geehrte Frau Bundeskanzlerin (Dear Ms. Chancellor) Sehr geehrter Herr Professor Muller (Dear Professor Muller) Sehr geehrte Frau Dr. Mann, sehr geehrter Herr Mann (Dear Dr. Mann, dear Mr. Mann) For formal correspondence in German, you can be direct about the purpose of your writing. However, it is a still a good idea to structure your letter carefully, and to show courtesy. Start the body of your letter with a brief introduction (identify yourself, greet the addressee, briefly explain the purpose of your letter). Unlike in English, you do not capitalize the first word in the body of your letter. Follow this by writing in detail about the purpose of your letter. Be clear about what you are requesting, explaining, or inquiring about (for example, registering a complaint or asking about a business opportunity). End the body of your letter with a short closing that summarizes the purpose of your letter, explains if/how you would like the addressee to follow up, and thanks them for their time. The closing of your letter should be courteous and respectful. Like the salutation, it can take one of several forms. Pay special attention to the spelling, since closings that sound very similar in English will be written in distinctly different ways in German. Potential closings (and their approximate English equivalents) include: Mit freundlichen Grussen (Yours sincerely) Mit freundlichem Gruss (Sincerely) Freundliche Grusse (Kind regards) Mit den besten Grusssen (With best regards) Beste Grusse aus Berlin (Best regards from Berlin) Herzliche Grusse (Warm greetings)

Summary: Write the address (''Anschrift''). Write the date (''Datum''). Choose a formal salutation (''Anrede''). Follow etiquette when writing the content of your letter. Select a formal closing (''Briefschluss'').

Submerge the gourds in buckets of water. Allow the skins to soak. If you do not have buckets, other options include covering them with wet towels or letting them sit out under a sprinkler. Allow them to sit for 30 minutes and the hard gourd skin will soften. Avoid using hot water, as this can cause the gourd to crack. Before cleaning the gourd, take safety precautions. Work in a well-ventilated area. Put on rubber kitchen gloves and a dust mask to protect against the mold that grows on the outside of gourds. Use a copper dish scrubber, a non-scratch scouring pad, or other similar cleaning utensil. Press hard while scrubbing to remove the skin, but try to hold back a little to avoid scratching the gourd itself. This can be done while the gourd is wet or in water. Water exposure makes the skin come off easier and, as long as the gourd doesn't have holes in it, won't damage the gourd. Avoid using steel wool. It tends to leave metal particles on the gourd. When the mold forms a white film that's tough to get out, try squirting liquid dish soap over it. The gourd is tough, so any regular dish soap you use will work. Scrub the gourd again. When the mold still won't go away, try dipping the gourd in a 10% solution of bleach (ten parts water to one part bleach) or about two cups (473 mL) of chlorine bleach to five gallons (18.9 L) water and scrubbing the gourd. When washing and scrubbing doesn't seem to work, a sharp knife or sander may work. Carefully place these objects against the skin of the gourd. Scrape off the mold, taking care not to cut into the gourd. You can rinse the gourd again to make sure all the skin is gone. Once this is done, leave the gourd in a shady, ventilated area. It should dry quickly. This is not required, but can be done to ensure the gourd is skinless or even extra smooth. Use a sanding block, sandpaper, or a sander. Start with 80 grit paper and switch to a higher grade of sandpaper for a smoother gourd.

Summary: Soak the gourd in water for 30 minutes. Put on gloves and a face mask. Scrub the gourds to remove the skin. Use detergent or bleach to remove mold. Scrape off stubborn mold. Dry the gourd. Sand off any leftover skin.

How long this takes depends on the type of glue you used. A glue stick dries within 1 to 2 hours. Liquid school glue may take a lot longer, however. You would wait until the paper is dry and no longer damp.

Summary: Let the tree dry.

The Facebook app looks like a white "f" in a blue square icon on your home screen, or in a folder. This button is located in the lower-right corner of your screen. It will open your navigation menu on a new page. This option is located towards the bottom of the menu. Your options will pop up from the bottom of your screen. This will open your Settings menu on a new page. On some versions of the Facebook app, you will see a Chat Settings option on the pop-up menu here. In this case, select this option. This option is listed next to a gray speech bubble icon. Turning off this switch will disable mobile chat on your iPhone or iPad. You will appear offline to all of your friends on Messenger.
Summary: Open the Facebook app on your iPhone or iPad. Tap the three horizontal lines icon. Scroll down and tap Settings. Tap Account Settings on the pop-up menu. Scroll down and tap Chat Settings on the Settings menu. Slide the Chat switch to .