Problem: Given the question: Information: - A tax (from the Latin "taxo") is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state to fund various public expenditures. A failure to pay, or evasion of or resistance to taxation, is usually punishable by law. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent. Most countries have a tax system in place to pay for public/common/agreed national needs and government functions: some levy a flat percentage rate of taxation on personal annual income, some on a scale based on annual income amounts, and some countries impose almost no taxation at all, or a very low tax rate for a certain area of taxation. Some countries also charge a tax on corporate income, dividends, or distributionsthis is often referred to as double taxation as the individual shareholder(s) receiving this payment from the company will also be levied some tax on that personal income. - Double taxation is the levying of tax by two or more jurisdictions on the same declared income (in the case of income taxes), asset (in the case of capital taxes), or financial transaction (in the case of sales taxes). Double liability is mitigated in a number of ways, for example: - A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow (or require) the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase. When a tax on goods or services is paid to a governing body directly by a consumer, it is usually called a use tax. Often laws provide for the exemption of certain goods or services from sales and use tax. - A use tax is a type of tax levied in the United States by numerous state governments. It is essentially the same as a sales tax but is applied not where a product or service was sold but where a merchant bought a product or service and then converted it for its own use, without having paid tax when it was initially purchased. Use taxes are functionally equivalent to sales taxes. They are typically levied upon the use, storage, enjoyment, or other consumption in the state of tangible personal property that has not been subjected to a sales tax. - A consumption tax is a tax on spending on goods and services . The tax base of such a tax is the money spent on consumption . Consumption taxes are usually indirect , such as a sales tax or a value added tax . However , a consumption tax can also be structured as a form of direct , personal taxation , such as the Hall -- Rabushka flat tax . - Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets. - An indirect tax (such as sales tax, per unit tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST)) is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). The intermediary later files a tax return and forwards the tax proceeds to government with the return. In this sense, the term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct tax, which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on whom it is imposed. Some commentators have argued that "a direct tax is one that cannot be changed by the taxpayer to someone else, whereas an indirect tax can be." Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'subclass of'.
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The answer is:
consumption tax , indirect tax
Please answer this: Information: - The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and commonly known as Beijing 2008, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, from 8 to 24 August 2008. A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 28 sports and 302 events (a total of one event more than the schedule of the 2004 Games). China became the 22nd nation to host the Olympic Games and the 18th to hold a Summer Olympic Games. It was the third time that the Summer Olympic Games were held in East Asia and Asia, after Tokyo, Japan, in 1964 and Seoul, South Korea, in 1988. - Emily Ruth Cross ( born October 15 , 1986 ) is a U.S. foil fencer who is a member of the 2008 Olympics U.S. Women 's foil team . She is best known for helping win the team foil silver medal for the U.S. at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , along with teammates Erinn Smart and Hanna Thompson . Born in Seattle , Washington , Cross attended the Brearley School in New York City and fenced at first Metropolis Fencing Club and then the NY Fencers Club . Her coach is Michael Petin . She graduated from Harvard College and is currently attending University of Pennsylvania Medical School . - Fencing, also called Olympic fencing, is a sport in which two competitors fight using 'Rapier-style' swords, winning points by making contact with their opponent. Based on the traditional skills of swordsmanship, the modern sport arose at the end of the 19th century, with the Italian school having modified the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and the French school having later refined the Italian system. There are three forms of modern fencing, each using a different style of weapon and different rules, and as such the sport is divided into three competitive scenes: Foil, Epee, and Sabre. Most competitive fencers choose to specialise in only one weapon. - Erinn Smart (born January 12, 1980) is an American fencer who was a member of the United States Fencing Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's individual and team foil events. Smart is 5 feet, 7 inches tall, weighs 125 pounds, and is coached by Buckie Leach. Smart's brother Keeth is also a nationally ranked competitive fencer who also started fencing with the Peter Westbrook Foundation. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'participant of'.
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Answer:
emily cross , 2008 summer olympics