input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Relative dating determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other, but not their age in years. Relative dating is based on the positions of fossils in rock layers. Lower layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils. This is illustrated in Figure below . Q: What process determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other? A:
OPTIONS:
- differential dating
- difference dating
- curve dating
- relative dating
output: relative dating

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A: Other examples of liquid mixtures include salt water and salad dressing. Air is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. The rock pictured in the Figure below is a solid mixture. Q: What two gases are the main components of air? A:
OPTIONS:
- oxygen and helium
- carbon and oxygen
- hydrogen and helium
- nitrogen and oxygen
output: nitrogen and oxygen

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carl Woese and the Phylogenetic Tree In the past, biologists grouped living organisms into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria. The organizational scheme was based mainly on physical features, as opposed to physiology, biochemistry, or molecular biology, all of which are used by modern systematics. The pioneering work of American microbiologist Carl Woese in the early 1970s has shown, however, that life on Earth has evolved along three lineages, now called domainsBacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The first two are prokaryotic cells with microbes that lack membrane-enclosed nuclei and organelles. The third domain contains the eukaryotes and includes unicellular microorganisms together with the four original kingdoms (excluding bacteria). Woese defined Archaea as a new domain, and this resulted in a new taxonomic tree (Figure 1.17). Many organisms belonging to the Archaea domain live under extreme conditions and are called extremophiles. To construct his tree, Woese used genetic relationships rather than similarities based on morphology (shape). Woese's tree was constructed from comparative sequencing of the genes that are universally distributed, present in every organism, and conserved (meaning that these genes have remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution). Woese's approach was revolutionary because comparisons of physical features are insufficient to differentiate between the prokaryotes that appear fairly similar in spite of their tremendous biochemical diversity and genetic variability (Figure 1.18). The comparison of homologous DNA and RNA sequences provided Woese with a sensitive device that revealed the extensive variability of prokaryotes, and which justified the separation of the prokaryotes into two domains: bacteria and archaea. Q: In the past, biologists grouped living organisms into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and what? A:
OPTIONS:
- trees
- pathogens
- lizards
- bacteria
output: bacteria

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In a syncline, rocks arch downward. A three-dimensional syncline is a basin. Q: What is a three dimensional snycline? A:
OPTIONS:
- a crust
- a gorge
- a peak
- a basin
output:
a basin