TASK DEFINITION: Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.
PROBLEM: Questions about whether the NHS can survive in its present form are the subject of a long-running British debate, given an aging population and increased costs due to advances in medicine and surgery. Following is a timeline of key events spanning its history. Health minister Aneurin Bevan launches the tax-funded NHS to bring medical services together and provide free healthcare to all. Polio and diphtheria vaccines become available to children under 15, leading to a major fall of cases in both diseases. The Mental Health Act recognizes for the first time that patients with mental health issues should be treated the same as those with other types of illnesses. Kick-starting the "Swinging Sixties", the contraceptive pill is made widely available amid a major movement for women's liberation. The number of women on the pill rises from around 50,000 in 1962 to 1 million in 1969. The Abortion Act becomes law, apart from in Northern Ireland, making termination legal up to 28 weeks if it is deemed to be in the best physical and mental interests of the patient. The world's first test-tube baby, a girl called Louise Brown, is born on July 25 thanks to in vitro fertilization. The first advertising campaign in the fight against AIDS uses slogans such as "Don't die of ignorance" to raise awareness. The world's first heart, liver and lung transplant is conducted in Cambridge. Free mammograms are offered in a bid to reduce breast cancer deaths among women over 50. The NHS Organ Donor Register is set up. More than 12 million people register by 2005, according to the NHS. A four-hour target for waiting times in hospital Accident and Emergency departments is made into an operational standard. The Care Quality Commission, a new regulator which will monitor health services, is launched. Junior doctors in England go on their first all-out strike, protesting at government plans for a new employment contract.

SOLUTION: Timeline: Britain's National Health Service turns 70.

PROBLEM: This is a tricky one. The story does not explicitly address cost, except to call text messaging "a scalable and affordable approach." For many (or most) patients, the cost of receiving four text messages a week would likely be negligible covered by an individual's phone plan or by nominal text rates. However, not everyone owns a mobile phone, a fact that makes access (and cost) a more significant issue. However, the story does deliver on this point. The story discusses both the number of U.S. adults who own mobile phones (90 percent) and the fact that text messages are more accessible than other forms of mobile health communication (such as apps, which require patients to own smartphones or other smart devices). So, while we'd prefer a more in-depth discussion here, we'll awarda Satisfactory rating for the story's nod in this direction. The story addresses the range of benefits reported in the study, such as reduced cholesterol and blood pressure, but doesn't quantify that information or offer readers any context. For example, while the story says "patients who had received the text messages had reduced their cholesterol," the JAMA paper reports that patients who received the text messages had a "mean difference [of] 5 mg/dL" in "LDL-C." In other words, the information in the paper, while quantified, probably isn't very useful to many readers outside the health industry. Is "a mean difference of5 mg/dL in LDL-C" good? Bad? Irrelevant? This is where reporters have an opportunity to shine. If a news story can take those numbers and translate them into language that is accessible to non-experts, it provides a very real service. It would have been great to see that here. As long as people aren't driving and checking their cell phones, there don't appear to be any harms associated with receiving well-meaning text messages four times a week, so we'll mark this one "not applicable." This is a strong suit. The story not only offers a concise, but good, summary of the study but it also goes out of its way to address the study's limitations. For example, the study notes that the study "can't tell us whether text messaging could eventually lead to fewer subsequent heart attacks among the patients receiving those messages or whether the positive health outcomes would continue past the six-month study window." Good points, and we're glad the story includes them. No disease mongering here. The story includes input from an outside expert who was not involved with the research. The story clearly meets our bar here, although it would have been stronger if it had reached out to at least one more independent source preferably one who hadn't written an editorial that ran in conjunction with the paper in JAMA. Yes, the editorial was independent and provides some insightful commentary. But it also means we already knew where this source stood on the issue. Finding another reputable expert, who hadn't already weighed in publicly on the work, would have been great. The focus of the story is not so much on how the text message intervention directly reduced heart disease risk, but on the extent to which it resulted in patients taking steps to reduce their own risk such as by exercising more, smoking less, making dietary changes, or taking prescription drugs on a regular basis. The story does discuss other "mobile health interventions," such as smartphone apps but notes that there don't appear to be many mobile health projects that rely simply on text messages. The story also looks at how the text messages helped patients pursue lifestyle changes like exercising more and smoking less that reduced their risk. It was fairly clear from the story that this was a clinical trial, and that this particular service doesn't seem to be available to offer customized, encouraging text messages for heart disease patients. From the start, the story frames this research in the context of the much larger "mobile health" field. For example, the story notes that "While there are more than 100,000 health-related apps on the market, the evidence to date is lacking as to whether many of those apps are safe or effective." Since the story includes quotes from an interview, we can be fairly certain it went beyond the related JAMA news release.

SOLUTION: Text Reminders Help People Lower Cholesterol, Blood Pressure

PROBLEM: "Although this is a very preliminary study, some mention of costs should have been included, even if simply to note that the cost of potential treatments is unknown at the present time. Thepublished studyitself does not quantify benefitsclearly, perhaps understandable given that it is a laboratory study, not a clinical one. But we give the story a satisfactory rating fordoing a reasonable job of putting the study results into context. The brevity of the response and the inconsistent findings across individuals were notedappropriatelyin the story. While harms are not quantified in thepublished studyitself, this story does well to emphaszie the importance and current lack of safety data for an alluded-to use of oxytocin in children with autism. We do know a good deal about the toxicity of oxytocin when given to women to induce labor and for a few hours. In addititon to possible severe allergic reactions, water intoxication is an important side effect. We give the story kudos for noting several limitations in this research, including the wide variations in individual responses and a lack of evidence that the strategy ""would be effective at all"" in children or young adults. The author also notes a lack of long-term safety data, and she describes challenges in translating the delivery method to a real-world application. We would have liked to have seen a bit more characterization of the preliminary nature of this laboratory study and its very small sample. The story does not resort to disease-mongering. The story cites several independent sources and provides several quotes for balance. The study authors themselves identified no conflicts of interest. The story does discuss the treatment of autism and that no drug therapies are currently available for the social dysfunction observed in people with Asperger syndrome and other forms of autism. The story is clear that the strategy used in this laboratory study is uNPRoven in the real world, particularly in children and young adults. They even note the issues in translating the delivery method to clinical practice. The article notes that there have been prior studies that also demonstrated an effect of oxytocin in people with autism. The story does not appear to rely on a news release."

SOLUTION:
'Bonding' Hormone Might Help Some With Autism