Answer the following question given this paragraph: Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept intoand alongthe uterine tube. Fertilization must occur in the distal uterine tube because an unfertilized oocyte cannot survive the 72-hour journey to the uterus. As you will recall from your study of the oogenesis, this oocyte (specifically a secondary oocyte) is surrounded by two protective layers. The corona radiata is an outer layer of follicular (granulosa) cells that form around a developing oocyte in the ovary and remain with it upon ovulation. The underlying zona pellucida (pellucid = "transparent") is a transparent, but thick, glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the cell's plasma membrane. As it is swept along the distal uterine tube, the oocyte encounters the surviving capacitated sperm, which stream toward it in response to chemical attractants released by the cells of the corona radiata. To reach the oocyte itself, the sperm must penetrate the two protective layers. The sperm first burrow through the cells of the corona radiata. Then, upon contact with the zona pellucida, the sperm bind to receptors in the zona pellucida. This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled "cap" of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases its stored digestive enzymes. These enzymes clear a path through the zona pellucida that allows sperm to reach the oocyte. Finally, a single sperm makes contact with sperm-binding receptors on the oocyte's plasma membrane (Figure 28.2). The plasma membrane of that sperm then fuses with the oocyte's plasma membrane, and the head and mid-piece of the "winning" sperm enter the oocyte interior. How do sperm penetrate the corona radiata? Some sperm undergo a spontaneous acrosomal reaction, which is an acrosomal reaction not triggered by contact with the zona pellucida. The digestive enzymes released by this reaction digest the extracellular matrix of the corona radiata. As you can see, the first sperm to reach the oocyte is never the one to fertilize it. Rather,... Q: Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into where? A:
OPTIONS:
- placental barrier
- vas deferens
- umbilical cord
- uterine tube
uterine tube

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Soils with higher capacities generally have a larger reserve of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- hydrogen nutrients
- water
- protein
- mineral nutrients

Answer: mineral nutrients

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What can increase the occurance of earthquakes? A:
OPTIONS:
- three plates sliding
- plates breaking
- plates rupturing
- two plates sliding
Answer: two plates sliding

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, molecules built around the element carbon. Q: Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, which are molecules built around what element? A:
OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- silicon
- helium
- carbon
output: carbon

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Processes and Patterns of Evolution Natural selection can only take place if there is variation, or differences, among individuals in a population. Importantly, these differences must have some genetic basis; otherwise, the selection will not lead to change in the next generation. This is critical because variation among individuals can be caused by non-genetic reasons such as an individual being taller because of better nutrition rather than different genes. Genetic diversity in a population comes from two main mechanisms: mutation and sexual reproduction. Mutation, a change in DNA, is the ultimate source of new alleles, or new genetic variation in any population. The genetic changes caused by mutation can have one of three outcomes on the phenotype. A mutation affects the phenotype of the organism in a way that gives it reduced fitnesslower likelihood of survival or fewer offspring. A mutation may produce a phenotype with a beneficial effect on fitness. And, many mutations will also have no effect on the fitness of the phenotype; these are called neutral mutations. Mutations may also have a whole range of effect sizes on the fitness of the organism that expresses them in their phenotype, from a small effect to a great effect. Sexual reproduction also leads to genetic diversity: when two parents reproduce, unique combinations of alleles assemble to produce the unique genotypes and thus phenotypes in each of the offspring. A heritable trait that helps the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment is called an adaptation. Scientists describe groups of organisms becoming adapted to their environment when a change in the range of genetic variation occurs over time that increases or maintains the "fit" of the population to its environment. The webbed feet of platypuses are an adaptation for swimming. The snow leopards' thick fur is an adaptation for living in the cold. The cheetahs' fast speed is an adaptation for catching prey. Q: Natural selection can only take place if there is variation, or differences, among individuals in a population. importantly, these differences must have some genetic basis; otherwise, the selection will not lead to change in this? A:

OPTIONS:
- fertilization
- spontaneous mutation
- mass extinction
- next generation

A: next generation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An ecosystem consists of all the living things and nonliving things interacting in the same area. Q: What consists of all the living things and nonliving things interacting in the same area? A:
OPTIONS:
- biodiversity
- habitat
- biome
- ecosystem
ecosystem