Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or radiation. Q: Cancer is caused by mutations, which can be caused by pathogens, chemicals, or what else? Choices: - evaporation - convection - diseases - radiation A:
radiation
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and plastics. Q: Glass, rubber, and plastics are examples of which type of solids? Choices: - dubious - aqueous - porous - amorphous A:
amorphous
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Chromosome 18 Inversion Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. In rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of a new species. In fact, a pericentric inversion in chromosome 18 appears to have contributed to the evolution of humans. This inversion is not present in our closest genetic relatives, the chimpanzees. Humans and chimpanzees differ cytogenetically by pericentric inversions on several chromosomes and by the fusion of two separate chromosomes in chimpanzees that correspond to chromosome two in humans. The pericentric chromosome 18 inversion is believed to have occurred in early humans following their divergence from a common ancestor with chimpanzees approximately five million years ago. Researchers characterizing this inversion have suggested that approximately 19,000 nucleotide bases were duplicated on 18p, and the duplicated region inverted and reinserted on chromosome 18 of an ancestral human. A comparison of human and chimpanzee genes in the region of this inversion indicates that two genesROCK1 and USP14that are adjacent on chimpanzee chromosome 17 (which corresponds to human chromosome 18) are more distantly positioned on human chromosome 18. This suggests that one of the inversion breakpoints occurred between these two genes. Interestingly, humans and chimpanzees express USP14 at distinct levels in specific cell types, including cortical cells and fibroblasts. Perhaps the chromosome 18 inversion in an ancestral human repositioned specific genes and reset their expression levels in a useful way. Because both ROCK1 and USP14 encode cellular enzymes, a change in their expression could alter cellular function. It is not known how this inversion contributed to hominid evolution, [1] but it appears to be a significant factor in the divergence of humans from other primates. Translocations A translocation occurs when a segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome.... Q: Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. in rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of what? Choices: - new order - new mutation - new family - new species A:
A: new species
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nitrogen is a diatomic element with five valence electrons. Create a model of a molecule of nitrogen. Q: How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? Choices: - 4 - 10 - 3 - 5 A:
Answer: 5
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A mechanical wave is a disturbance in matter that transfers energy from place to place. A mechanical wave starts when matter is disturbed. An example of a mechanical wave is pictured in Figure below . A drop of water falls into a pond. This disturbs the water in the pond. What happens next? The disturbance travels outward from the drop in all directions. This is the wave. A source of energy is needed to start a mechanical wave. In this case, the energy comes from the falling drop of water. Q: What is the term for a disturbance in matter that causes the transfer of energy from place to place? Choices: - nucleation - flooding wave - temperature wave - mechanical wave A:
**Answer**
mechanical wave
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Look at the scissors in Figure below . As you can see from the figure, scissors consist of two levers and two wedges. You apply force to the handle ends of the levers, and the output force is exerted by the blade ends of the levers. The fulcrum of both levers is where they are joined together. Notice that the fulcrum lies between the input and output points, so the levers are first-class levers. They change the direction of force. They may or may not also increase force, depending on the relative lengths of the handles and blades. The blades themselves are wedges, with a sharp cutting edge and a thicker dull edge. Q: Are scissors simple or compound machines? Choices: - lever - neither - simple - compound A:
**Answer**
compound