INPUT ARTICLE: Article: When you are training your Great Dane puppy, you should keep your sessions short. They should last no longer than five minutes at first. Your Great Dane puppy will have a very short attention span, so you need to make sure you can keep his attention by having short training sessions. As he gets older, you can increase the length of your sessions. Make sure you stop your training sessions on a positive note. Once you notice your Great Dane puppy getting distracted, go ahead and quit your session. End it by requesting him to do a simple command that you know your Great Dane can perform. This way, you will be able to praise him at the end of the session. This will leave your puppy feeling happy with himself, which will make him a happier dog. Your Great Dane will eventually get used to the treat and reward schedule that you developed in the beginning. When this happens, you should make your schedule and methods much less predictable. Instead of giving a treat every time you Great Dane does something right, skip a few to keep him guessing. This makes him wonder why he didn't get a treat and will make him work harder in the future to get the next treat or reward. Over time, skip two or three instances that you would typically reward until you are only rewarding every fourth or fifth behavior. This will be far enough apart for him to work for it but close enough together to encourage good behavior. When you reward your Great Dane, try to vary the types of treats you give him. These treats don't have to be food related and can vary depending on your or your dog's mood. Try bites of food, dog treats, praise, or play time with his favorite toy. Your Great Dane will let you know which activities he likes the best. This may be tugging on his favorite chew toy or eating a bite of his favorite treat. You should also use different treats on different days.

SUMMARY: Keep training sessions short. End on a positive note. Make treats less predictable. Change up the rewards.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Alcohol damages the liver by blocking its ability to process carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. When these things build up in damaging levels in the liver, the body may react with reactive inflammation that leads to hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. However, excessive alcohol use is not sufficient to promote alcoholic liver disease. Only 1 in 5 heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis, and 1 in 4 develops cirrhosis. Men are considered "heavy drinkers" if they have 15 or more drinks in a given week. Women are considered "heavy" drinkers with 8 or more drinks per week. You can still develop cirrhosis after you've stopped drinking. However, alcohol abstinence is still recommended for all people with cirrhosis. It will help treatment and healing, no matter what stage of the disease you're in. While cirrhosis is more common in men, cirrhosis in women is more likely to result from alcoholism. The chronic liver inflammation and injury from either virus can, over several decades, develop into cirrhosis. Risk factors for hepatitis B include unprotected sex, blood transfusions, and injection drug use with contaminated needles. This is a lot less prevalent in the US and other developed countries due to vaccinations. Risk factors for hepatitis C include infections from injection drug use, blood transfusions, and body piercing and tattoos. Cirrhosis from hepatitis C is the most common reason for liver transplants. In 15-30% of people with cirrhosis, diabetes is a risk factor for developing "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis" (NASH). Diabetes is also common in chronic hepatitis C infections a common cause of cirrhosis likely because of decreased pancreas function. Another cirrhosis cause that's often correlated with diabetes is hemochromatosis. This condition is characterized by iron deposits in the skin, heart, joints, and pancreas. The pancreatic buildup leads to diabetes. Obesity presents a wide variety of health concerns, from type 2 diabetes and heart disease to arthritis and stroke. But, the excess fat in the liver causes inflammation and damage that could develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. To determine whether you are within a healthy weight range, take advantage of an online BMI (body mass index) calculator. A BMI calculation takes into consideration your age, height, gender, and weight. If you have an autoimmune disease like inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or thyroid disease, be cautious. While they don't directly contribute to cirrhosis, they increase the risk of complications in other disorders that do lead to it. Heart disease is a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis leading to cirrhosis. Furthermore, heart disease related to right-sided heart failure can cause liver congestion (nutmeg liver) and cardiac cirrhosis. Certain types of liver disease that cause cirrhosis have a pattern of genetic inheritance. Look at your family's medical history for diseases that put you at an increased risk for cirrhosis: Hereditary hemosiderosis Wilson's disease Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency

SUMMARY:
Think about how much alcohol you drink. Get tested for hepatitis B and C. Be aware of a correlation between cirrhosis and diabetes. Take your current weight into account. Know the risks from autoimmune and heart diseases. Examine your family history.