Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Adipose tissue is responsible for releasing various adipokines that have been related to insulin resistance. Understanding the relationship of these adipokines to insulin resistance may foster the development of new treatments for diabetes.', 'The primary objective of this study was to determine whether an association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance exists in nonobese individuals without a family history or diagnosis of diabetes. The secondary objective was to determine by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan which adipose tissue depot most closely relates to RBP4 levels.', 'Cross-sectional analysis of 92 study participants ranging in age from 20 to 83 yr was performed. The range of body mass index (BMI) was from 18 to 30 kg/m(2). Exclusion criteria were a BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2), family history of diabetes, or a diagnosis of diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Body fat was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan.', 'RBP4 values were lower in females (35.8 +/- 1.7 microg/ml) compared with males (39.9 +/- 1.4 microg/ml; P = 0.06). RBP4 levels were found to correlate negatively with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.32; P = 0.002) and positively with age (r = 0.38; P < 0.001). RBP4 levels did not correlate with BMI (r = -0.13; P = 0.22), trunk fat (r = 0.16; P = 0.22), or percent body fat (r = 0.07; P = 0.65). However, RBP4 levels did correlate with percent trunk fat (r = 0.36; P = 0.001).
Answer: These findings indicate a relationship between RBP4, insulin sensitivity, and percent trunk fat in individuals who may not have features of insulin resistance.
Is retinol-binding protein 4 associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes?

Context: Cyclovirobuxinum D (CVB-D), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Buxus microphylla, has been found to be effective to treat cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CVB-D on the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro and the underlying mechanisms.', 'Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of LPS (0.1 g/mL) for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The release of NO and cytokines were detected using the Griess test and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze the transcriptional activity of NF-B.', 'Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CVB-D (25-300 mol/L) did not affect the cell viability. Pretreatment with CVB-D (50, 100 and 200 mol/L) concentration-dependently decreased NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells (its IC50 value in inhibition of NO production was 144 mol/L). CVB-D also concentration-dependently inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of IL-1 and IL-6 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, CVB-D remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, as well as JAK2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, but did not affect the activation of NF-B and MAPKs pathways. Pretreatment with the JAK2 specific inhibitor AG490 (30 mol/L) produced similar effects on NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells.
Answer: CVB-D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro at least in part by blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory actions of CVB-D may contribute to its cardioprotection.
Does cyclovirobuxinum D suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages in vitro by blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway?

Context: Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays an important role in the promotion of antimicrobial immunity. However, dysregulated IL-22 action leads to inflammation and is involved in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble inhibitory IL-22 receptor and may represent a crucial regulator of IL-22. We investigated the expression and potential significance of serum and urinary IL-22BP levels in patients with SLE.', 'A total of 112 patients with SLE and healthy control subjects participated in our study. Patients were classified according to kidney involvement and disease activity based on clinical and laboratory measures such as urinary sediment, proteinuria, kidney function, complement factor 3 (C3), C4, anti-dsDNA, disease activity index, and renal SLE disease activity index. The concentrations of IL-22BP and IL-22 were measured by ELISA. The expression of IL-22BP in the renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.', 'Patients with active renal disease had urinary levels of IL-22BP higher than (1) patients with active SLE but no renal involvement, (2) patients with a history of lupus nephritis in remission with no systemic disease activity and no history of renal involvement, and (3) control subjects. There was no difference in serum levels of IL-22BP among the groups. Urinary levels of IL-22BP in patients with active renal disease were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics renal activity score, and histological activity index. IL-22BP was highly expressed in renal tissue of patients with active renal disease. After 6 months of treatment, urinary IL-22BP levels decreased significantly in patients with complete response, but remained unchanged in those with partial or no response.
Answer: Urinary but not serum IL-22BP levels were associated with active renal disease. Urinary levels of IL-22BP might be a potential marker for the presence of renal involvement in patients with SLE.
Do increased urinary interleukin 22 binding protein levels correlate with lupus nephritis activity?