Q:Information: - The Crown of Castile was a medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and Leon upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715. - A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts. It may signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted before a last name (for example, "Graf" in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary. - Dame is a noble title, and the feminine form of address, for the honour of knighthood in the British honours system and the systems of several other commonwealth countries such as Australia and New Zealand (with the masculine form of address being "Sir"). The word "damehood" is rarely used but is used on the official British Monarchy website as being the correct term. A woman appointed to the grades of Dame Commander or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, the Royal Victorian Order, or the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire becomes a dame. Because there is no female equivalent to a Knight Bachelor, women are always appointed to an order of chivalry. Women who are appointed to the Most Noble Order of the Garter or the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle are given the title of "Lady" rather than "Dame". - Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between 1170 and 1220. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France, the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae" which introduced the legend of King Arthur, written in the 1130s. - The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union. - The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal. It was in existence from 1139 until 1910. After 1248, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves and between 1815 and 1822, it was known as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's extensive overseas colonies. - John I (24 August 1358 9 October 1390) was King of the Crown of Castile from 1379 until 1390. He was the son of Henry II and of his wife Juana Manuel of Castile. He was the last monarch of Castile to receive a formal coronation. - Leiria is a city and a municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal. It is the capital of Leiria District. The population in 2011 was 126,879, in an area of . It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leiria-Fatima. - A knight is a person granted an honorary title of "knighthood" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity. Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Since the early modern period, the title of knight is purely honorific, usually bestowed by a monarch, as in the British honours system, often for non-military service to the country. The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame. - John I (]; 11 April 1357 14 August 1433) was King of Portugal and the Algarve in 13851433. He was referred to as "the Good" (sometimes "the Great") or "of Happy Memory" in Portugal. More rarely, and especially in Spain, he was sometimes referred to as "the Bastard." He is recognized chiefly for his role in preserving the independence of the kingdom of Portugal from the kingdom of Castile. As part of his efforts to acquire Portuguese territories in Africa, he became the first king of Portugal to use the title "Lord of Ceuta." - Dom Nuno Alvares Pereira, O. Carm. (June 24, 1360 April 1, 1431), also spelled Nun'Alvares Pereira, was a Portuguese general of great success who had a decisive role in the 1383-1385 Crisis that assured Portugal's independence from Castile. He later became a mystic, was beatified by Pope Benedict XV in 1918 and was canonised by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. - Honour (also honor in American English, see spelling differences) is an abstract concept entailing a perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects both the social standing and the self-evaluation of an individual or corporate body such as a family, school, regiment or nation. Accordingly, individuals (or corporate bodies) are assigned worth and stature based on the harmony of their actions with a specific code of honour, and the moral code of the society at large. - Vasco de Lobeira ( died 1403 ) was a Portuguese medieval writer to whom is attributed the prose original of the romance Amadis de Gaula . In the Portuguese Chronicle of Gomes Eannes de Azurara ( 1454 ) , the writing of Amadis is attributed to Vasco de Lobeira , who was dubbed knight after the Battle of Aljubarrota ( 1385 ) . However , it seems that in fact it was Joao Lobeira , and not the troubadour Vasco de Lobeira , and that rather than originating with him it was the revision of an earlier work from the beginning of the 14th century . Another theory , postulated by the eminent scholar of Iberian literature , A. F. G. Bell , states that Vasco de Lobeira elaborated the work of his ancestor Joao Lobeira . Bell was of the opinion that Vasco had added romantic sections to the original text , which was mostly poetry written during the reign of King Dinis . The query as to who authored Amadis de Gaula is further complicated by the fact that Vasco de Lobeira 's name crops up in fifteenth and sixteenth century sources . The texts mention a Vasco de Lobeira receiving knighthood from King Joao I on the field of Aljubarrota , around 1385 . But the first reference to Amadis de Gaula appears thirty - five years earlier , which would make Vasco over sixty years old when knighted or that he wrote his masterpiece in his youth . The only other possibility that remains is that 1350 reference was in fact to the poetic version by Joao de Lobeira . - The Battle of Aljubarrota was a battle fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Alvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italian and French allies at Sao Jorge, between the towns of Leiria and Alcobaca, in central Portugal. The result was a decisive victory for the Portuguese, ruling out Castilian ambitions to the Portuguese throne, ending the 138385 Crisis and assuring John as King of Portugal. - Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others acting like a master, a chief, or a ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'vasco de lobeira' exhibits the relationship of 'country of citizenship'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - academic - american - australia - brazil - british - british empire - crown of castile - france - ireland - kingdom of portugal - portugal - united kingdom
A:
portugal