Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are "T-tubules" and what is their role? (b) Please describe how actinbinding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction. Q: The release of calcium ions initiates what? A:

OPTIONS:
- exhalation
- cramps
- spasms
- muscle contractions

A: muscle contractions

input: OPTIONS:
- waste
- chemials
- food
- energy Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria can also be chemotrophs. Chemosynthetic bacteria, or chemotrophs , obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment. An example of one of these chemicals broken down by bacteria is nitrogen-containing ammonia. These bacteria are important because they help cycle nitrogen through the environment for other living things to use. Nitrogen cannot be made by living organisms, so it must be continually recycled. Organisms need nitrogen to make organic compounds, such as DNA. Q: Bacteria can be chemotrophs, which obtain what by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment? A:
A:
output: energy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The chain of amino acids keeps growing until a stop codon is reached. Then the chain is released from the ribosome. Q: What happens to a chain of amino acids after it reaches a stop codon? A:

OPTIONS:
- metabolism begins
- digestion stops
- stays in ribosome
- released from the ribosome

Answer: released from the ribosome

Problem: OPTIONS:
- muscle
- blood
- bone
- fat
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: characteristics of males, or the development of the male genital organs and the continuous production of sperm. Androgens are also responsible for the development of secondary male characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle strength. Two kinds of sex hormones are of particular importance in females: progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy and prevents the further release of eggs from the ovaries during pregnancy, and the estrogens, which are mainly responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and increased deposition of fat tissue in the breasts, the buttocks, and the thighs. Both males and females produce androgens and estrogens, differing in the amounts of secreted hormones rather than in the presence or absence of one or the other. Sex hormones, both natural and synthetic, are sometimes used therapeutically. For example, a woman who has had her ovaries removed may be given female hormones to compensate. Some of the earliest chemical compounds employed in cancer chemotherapy were sex hormones. For example, estrogens are one treatment option for prostate cancer because they block the release and activity of testosterone. Testosterone enhances prostate cancer growth. Sex hormones are also administered in preparation for sex-change operations, to promote the development of the proper secondary sexual characteristics. Oral contraceptives are synthetic derivatives of the female sex hormones; they work by preventing ovulation. Q: Two kinds of sex hormones are of particular importance in females: progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy and prevents the further release of eggs from the ovaries during pregnancy, and the estrogens, which are mainly responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and increased deposition of this? A:
Answer: fat

Problem:OPTIONS:
- alkaline ions
- synthesis ions
- ingredient ions
- hydroxide ions

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Acids are ionic compounds that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and react with metals. Bases are ionic compounds that produce negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and do not react with metals. Examples of acids are vinegar and battery acid. The acid in vinegar is weak enough to safely eat on a salad. The acid in a car battery is strong enough to eat through skin. Examples of bases include those in antacid tablets and drain cleaner. Bases in antacid tablets are weak enough to take for an upset stomach. Bases in drain cleaner are strong enough to cause serious burns. Q: What is produced when a base is dissolved in water? A:
****
A: hydroxide ions

Problem:OPTIONS:
- generation
- sexual reproduction
- learning
- evolution

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Though viruses are not considered living, they share two important traits with living organisms. They have genetic material like all cells do (though they are not made of cells), and they can evolve. The genetic material of a virus can change (mutate), altering the traits of the virus. As the process of evolution has resulted in all life on the planet today, the classification of viruses has been controversial. It calls into question the very definition of life. Q: Though viruses are not considered living, they share two important traits with living organisms: they have genetic material and they can undergo what process? A:
****
A:
evolution