Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Recent studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downregulation is implicated in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology. This study assessed the relationship between PE and VEGF levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their serum levels.', 'A cross-sectional design was performed in 36 patients who had hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also used a longitudinal design with 12 pregnant women with risk factors for PE development and/or abnormal uterine arteries by Doppler study. VEGF and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) levels were measured for all patients in both designs.', "sFlt-1 serum was higher in preeclamptic patients (n = 26), whereas VEGF produced by stimulated PBMCs was lower than in healthy pregnant women and VEGF levels produced by stimulated PBMCs were even lower (p <0.003) in severe PE (n = 16). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis allowed establishing a cut-off value to identify patients with PE. VEGF production by PBMCs was 339.87 pg/mL. In addition, a robust linear regression model was performed to adjust the variance in VEGF levels. The patients' age decreased VEGF levels and was adjusted by weeks of gestation (WG) in our model. In the longitudinal study, 7/12 patients developed PE. VEGF produced by PBMCs cells was significantly lower in PE at 24-26 WG.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Several criteria for treatment response to interferon beta (IFNbeta) have been proposed, although there is no consensus among different investigators. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical predictors of response during the first 12 months of therapy.', 'This is a prospective and longitudinal study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with IFNbeta. Patients were classified based on the presence of new lesions on MRI, relapses, confirmed disability increase, or combinations of all these variables after 1 year of therapy. Regression analysis was performed in order to identify variables of response after a follow-up of 3 years.', 'We included 222 RRMS patients. The logistic model demonstrated that only the combination of new active lesions on MRI with the presence of relapses (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.6-12.5) or disability progression (Odds Ratio (OR) 7.1; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6-33.9), or both (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.9-23.4) achieved significant values to identify those patients with a poor outcome.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in pituitary neoplasia as the cause of silencing of several tumor suppressor genes. However, the upstream mediators of such events remain unknown.', 'We examined the three members of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme family in normal and neoplastic human and mouse pituitary cells.', 'This study was performed at a university-affiliated cancer research institute.', 'Gene expression, promoter DNA methylation, histone modifications, and cell proliferation were determined.', "In contrast to DNMT1 and DNMT3a, DNMT3b was expressed at relatively higher levels in neoplastic pituitary cells. However, examination of the human DNMT3b 5' region showed uniformly low DNA methylation levels with little difference between normal and tumor samples. Through pharmacological methylation inhibition or histone deacetylation inhibition, we identified that DNMT3b gene expression is subject to histone modifications. Down-regulation of DNMT3b resulted in induction of retinoblastoma, p21, and p27, and reduction in cell proliferation. These targeted effects were associated with enhanced histone 3 acetylation and diminished histone methylation.

Ex Output:
1