instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction pathway involved in embryonic patterning and regulation of cell fates during development and self-renewal. Recent studies have demonstrated that this pathway is integral to a complex system of interactions, involving as well other signal transduction pathways, and implicated in distinct human diseases. Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is one of the known ligands of the Notch receptors. The role of the Notch ligands is less well understood. Loss-of-function of Dll1 leads to embryonic lethality, but reduction of Delta-like 1 protein levels has not been studied in adult stage.', 'Here we present the haploinsufficient phenotype of Dll1 and a missense mutant Dll1 allele (Dll1(C413Y)). Haploinsufficiency leads to a complex phenotype with several biological processes altered. These alterations reveal the importance of Dll1 mainly in metabolism, energy balance and in immunology. The animals are smaller, lighter, with altered fat to lean ratio and have increased blood pressure and a slight bradycardia. The animals have reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood. At the immunological level a subtle phenotype is observed due to the effect and fine-tuning of the signaling network at the different levels of differentiation, proliferation and function of lymphocytes. Moreover, the importance of the proteolytic regulation of the Notch signaling network emphasized.
Answer: In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
answer:
Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes?

question:
Context: To find sensitive and specific laboratory examination items for early diagnosing and monitoring liver transplantation reject reaction.', 'Randomly investigate 41 liver transplantation patients, among them there were 16 patients with reject reaction (including 12 with acute rejection, 4 with chronic rejection). Plasma soluble thrombomodulin (STM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels were measured before operation and every other day after operation.', 'Plasma STM level increased significantly after operation, two days before rejection and after acute rejection (5.58 ng/ml +/- 0.42 ng/ml, 5.93 ng/ml +/- 0.45 ng/ml, and 7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml, respectively), so did vWF level (101.2% +/- 4.68%, 104.3% +/- 5.78%, and 127.7% +/- 5.74%, respectively). STM level was much higher in acute rejection than that in chronic rejection (7.88 ng/ml +/- 0.29 ng/ml vs. 6.35 ng/ml +/- 0.54 ng/ml, t = 2.46, P < 0.05), in no reaction group after impacting therapy than in effective group (8.30 ng/ml +/- 0.19 ng/ml vs. 3.82 ng/ml +/- 0.22 ng/ml, t = 12.98, P < 0.01), and in dead group after treatment than in living group (7.98 ng/ml +/- 0.18 ng/ml vs. 6.51 ng/ml +/- 0.41 ng/ml, t = 3.39, P < 0.01).
Answer: Plasma STM and vWF can be taken as laboratory items for monitoring liver transplantation rejection. Plasma STM can act as not only an early prognosticating marker, but also suitable to distinguish acute from chronic reject reaction, and as a marker for monitoring impacting therapy effect and judging prognosis.
answer:
Do [ Values of soluble thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor judging reject reaction in liver transplantation ]?

question:
Context: To reduce cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), we perform 'hepaticoplasty', in which the left side of the bile duct is cut to widen the diameter of the bile duct wall before hepaticojejunostomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of hepaticoplasty to reduce cholangitis after PD.", 'From January 2002 through December 2010, 161 patients underwent PD and were enrolled in this study. Patient demographics, surgical factors, and clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated to examine the factors predictive of cholangitis after PD and confirm the usefulness of hepaticoplasty.', 'Cholangitis after PD occurred in 13 patients (8.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ratio of the postoperative bile duct diameter to that before surgery was the only independent risk factor for cholangitis after PD (p=0.0012). In the small bile duct group, in which the diameter was 15mm before surgery (n=99), hepaticoplasty reduced the narrowing of the bile duct after PD, and no cholangitis occurred. There were no complications related to hepaticoplasty.
Answer: The ratio of postoperative reduction of the bile duct diameter to that before surgery was found to be the only risk factor for cholangitis after PD. Patients with a small bile duct of 15mm in diameter preoperatively might benefit from hepaticoplasty to widen the bile duct diameter and prevent cholangitis after PD.
answer:
Does hepaticoplasty prevent cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with small bile ducts?