Q: There once was a clown named Happy who traveled with the circus. He was one of the most famous clowns of all time, because he was once the star of a movie. Happy did a lot of things in his act that were very silly. He was best known for belting out songs in the wrong key, which would make neighborhood cats meow and howl. Happy would do other funny things in his act, like wrestle a big plastic alligator with tape over its mouth. He would also throw buckets of water at the people watching the circus, wetting all the people in the front seats.

One day, a driver in the circus needed to brush his teeth because he had been eating popcorn all day. He was out of toothpaste, so he went to ask Happy if he could borrow some. Happy was eating a brownie, and his mouth was very full. When he tried to talk, he sounded sillier than ever. The driver laughed and asked Happy to point to the toothpaste. Happy pointed over to the sink, and the driver picked up the toothpaste and left. The driver didn't know that it was trick toothpaste that was pumpkin flavor. The driver hated pumpkin flavor! It tasted so bad. So he took the toothpaste and put it back on Happy's sink. He never borrowed Happy's toothpaste ever again.

1. Happy
2. traveled with the circus.
3. very silly
4. meow and howl
5. belt out songs in the wrong key
6. toothpaste
7. a driver in the circus
8. He was out of toothpaste
9. popcorn
10. a brownie,
11. no
12. trick toothpaste
13. it was pumpkin flavor
14. Bad!
15. put it back on Happy's sink
16. No!
17. the sink
18. wrestle a big plastic alligator with tape over its mouth
19. yes
20. throw buckets of water at the people watching the circus

Numbered questions:
1. What was the clowns name?
2. What did he do?
3. How was his act?
4. What did he do to the neighborhood cats?
5. how?
6. What did Happy let someone borrow?
7. Who?
8. Why did he need it?
9. What was he eating?
10. How about Happy?
11. Was it normal toothpaste?
12. What was it?
13. Why?
14. How did it taste?
15. What did he do with it?
16. Did he like pumkin?
17. Where was the toothpaste?
18. What did Happy do in his act?
19. Anything else?
20. What?

Q: There was once a tiny pig who lived on a farm. He was a very cute animal, and he knew it. He liked to stay clean and soft and look as good as he could. When he had to go in the mud, he always wore black rain boots, a black rain hat, and a yellow rain coat. This helped keep the mud off. He didn't want it getting on his soft pink skin.

This tiny pig lived with his aunt, who loved to get dirty. "You shouldn't stay so clean!" she told him. "We're pigs! We love the mud!" But the tiny pig kept wearing his boots, coat, and hat.

One day, all the pigs were standing and eating their lunch. They had corn, oats, apples, and bread, and they all dug in. But the tiny pig wouldn't eat any of it. He had left his bib at home and didn't want to get his clothes dirty. He stood and looked sad as the other pigs ate their fill. They were getting brown mud all over them.

"Come on," said his aunt. "You can get some bread crumbs on yourself. It's okay." But the tiny pig only stood there and looked blue.

Suddenly, a car drove up. The driver was doing too fast and splashed some mud on the tiny pig. The tiny big was sad and mad. But then the people in the car got out.

"Look at how cute that little muddy pig is!" said one.

"He's so cute!" said the other.

"Really?" said the tiny pig.

"Yes!" said his aunt. "For the last time, everybody knows that pigs get muddy!"

So the tiny pig went and dug in to the food with all the other pigs. He ate a big piece of bread. He got crumbs all over himself.

1. his boots, coat, and hat.
2. To stay clean.
3. To look good
4. His aunt.
5. No
6. She loved mud.
7. Yes
8. A car splashed him with mud.
9. Yes

Numbered questions:
1. What did the tiny pig wear?
2. Why?
3. Why did he want to do that?
4. Who did he live with?
5. Did she try to stay clean too?
6. Why not?
7. Did the little pig ever get dirty?
8. How?
9. Did this bother him?

Q: In geodesy, a reference ellipsoid is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid, the truer figure of the Earth, or other planetary body. Because of their relative simplicity, reference ellipsoids are used as a preferred surface on which geodetic network computations are performed and point coordinates such as latitude, longitude, and elevation are defined.

In 1687 Isaac Newton published the Principia in which he included a proof that a rotating self-gravitating fluid body in equilibrium takes the form of an oblate ellipsoid of revolution which he termed an oblate spheroid. Current practice uses the word 'ellipsoid' alone in preference to the full term 'oblate ellipsoid of revolution' or the older term 'oblate spheroid'. In the rare instances (some asteroids and planets) where a more general ellipsoid shape is required as a model the term used is triaxial (or scalene) ellipsoid. A great many ellipsoids have been used with various sizes and centres but modern (post-GPS) ellipsoids are centred at the actual center of mass of the Earth or body being modeled.

The shape of an (oblate) ellipsoid (of revolution) is determined by the shape parameters of that ellipse which generates the ellipsoid when it is rotated about its minor axis. The semi-major axis of the ellipse, "a", is identified as the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid: the semi-minor axis of the ellipse, "b", is identified with the polar distances (from the centre). These two lengths completely specify the shape of the ellipsoid but in practice geodesy publications classify reference ellipsoids by giving the semi-major axis and the "inverse "flattening, , The flattening, "f", is simply a measure of how much the symmetry axis is compressed relative to the equatorial radius: For the Earth, "f" is around corresponding to a difference of the major and minor semi-axes of approximately . Some precise values are given in the table below and also in Figure of the Earth. For comparison, Earth's Moon is even less elliptical, with a flattening of less than , while Jupiter is visibly oblate at about and one of Saturn's triaxial moons, Telesto, is nearly to .

1. major axi
2. polar distances
3. centre
4. yes
5. used as a preferred surface
6. on which geodetic network computations are performed
7. relative simplicity
8. geodetic network computations
9. point coordinates
10. Isaac Newton
11. 1687
12. oblate spheroid
13. ellipsoid
14. at the actual center of mass of the Earth

Numbered questions:
1. What is the equatorial radius of the ellipsoid called?
2. And what is the semi-minor axis?
3. Distances from where?
4. Does the Earth's moon or Jupiter have a more elliptical orbit?
5. What is a reference ellipsoid?
6. What is it?
7. Why are they a desired surface?
8. What type of computations are done on them?
9. What kind of coordinates are used from reference ellipsoids?
10. Who wrote the Principia?
11. When?
12. What term did he use there?
13. What is the current term now?
14. Where are current ellipsoids centered?