TASK DEFINITION: Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.
PROBLEM: Though the article does not mention costs or compare costs of garlic and garlic supplements with other treatments,many readers will be familiar with these. The story reports that the consumption of garlic in any of three forms (raw, powdered supplement, aged extract supplement) had no effect on LDL cholesterol or triglycerides. To quantify this non-effect in mm/dL is unnecessary, and would have been numbing for the average health news consumer. A majority (57%) of individuals in the trial who ate garlic-laced sandwiches reported bad breath and body odor, a "harm" the story neglected to mention. The article reflects an appreciation for the hierarchy of evidence, noting that "there was good evidence in test-tube and animal studies" that garlic could lower LDL cholesterol, and explains the randomization methods in the new clinical trial. No obvious elements of disease-mongering. The article cites four sources and provides sufficient information about their potential conflicts of interest. The article fails to mention alternative methods for lowering cholesterol, though many readers may be familiar with these (most prominently exercise, diet, and drugs). Most readers will be familiar with the availability of the health interventions studiedraw garlic and garlic supplements. The story rightly notes that garlic is not a new "treatment" for high cholesterol. No obvious use of text from a press release.

SOLUTION: Garlic powerless against cholesterol

PROBLEM: She's disappointed not to have been able to claim ultimate victory in the battle against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the killer disease AIDS, but also proud that in three decades, the virus has been beaten into check. While a cure for AIDS may or may not be found in her lifetime, the 68-year-old says, achieving "remission" - where infected patients control HIV in their bodies and, crucially, can come off treatment for years - is definitely within reach. "I am personally convinced that remission...is achievable. When? I don't know. But it is feasible," she told Reuters at her laboratory at Paris's Pasteur Institute, where she and her mentor Luc Montagnier discovered HIV in 1983. "We have 'proof of concept'. We have...the famous Visconti patients, treated very early on. Now it is more than 10 years since they stopped their treatment and they are still doing very well, most of them." Sinoussi is referring to a study group of 14 French patients known as the Visconti cohort, who started on antiretroviral treatment within 10 weeks of being infected and stayed on it for an average of three years. A decade after stopping the drugs, the majority have levels of HIV so low they are undetectable. These and other isolated cases of remission, or so-called "functional cure", give hope to the 37 million people worldwide who, due to scientific progress, should now be able to live with, not have their lives cut short by, HIV. In developed countries at least - and in many poorer ones too - an HIV positive diagnosis is no longer an immediate death sentence, since patients can enjoy long, productive lives in decent health by taking antiretroviral drugs to control the virus. It's a long way from the early 1980s, when Sinoussi remembers sick, dying HIV-positive patients coming to the doors of the Pasteur and pleading with scientists there for answers. "They asked us: 'What we are going to do to cure us'," she says. At that time, she says, she knew relatively little about HIV, but what she was sure of was that these patients would never live long enough to see a treatment developed, let alone a cure. "It was very, very hard." Yet this interaction with real patients, and with their doctors and later their advocates, gave Sinoussi an important insight into what was needed to make her life in science one with meaning and impact collaboration. Working across barriers - be they scientific disciplines, cultural, religious and political divides, international borders or gender distinctions, has been and remains Sinoussi's driving force. In her earliest days, feeling disengaged while working on her PhD and itching for action in a real-life laboratory, she hustled her way in to working at the male-dominated Pasteur Institute for free with a virologist researching links between cancers and retroviruses in mice. While viruses are her thing, she has throughout her career worked with, cajoled and learned from immunologists, cancer specialists, experts in diseases of aging, pharmaceutical companies, AIDS patients, campaigners, and even the pope. "When you work in HIV, it's not only working in HIV, it's working far, far beyond," she said. Freshly armed with her Nobel award and fired up about a lack of support for proven methods of preventing HIV's spread, Sinoussi wrote an open letter to then-Pope Benedict XVI in 2009 criticising him for saying that condoms can promote the spread of AIDS. In what was widely seen as a modification of his stance in response to such criticism, Benedict said in a book a year later that use of condoms could sometimes be justified in certain limited cases as a way to fight AIDS. Sinoussi says: "HIV has shown the way to go in the field of science. You can't be isolated in your laboratory. You need to work with others." And this, she adds, is the "all together" spirit with which she advises her successors to continue after she's gone. Many will be sad to see her leave, but she has faith that her chosen field will deliver for the people who need it. "Of course, I would love to have stopped and to see we had a vaccine against HIV and another treatment that could induce remission but that's life. I encourage the new generation of scientists today to continue our work. "Science never stops," she says. "Just because a scientist stops, the science should not stop."

SOLUTION: Science won't stop until it beats AIDS, says HIV pioneer.

PROBLEM: On February 11 2020, tweets and social media posts alluded to "an actual bill" in the state of Tennessee, aimed at labeling CNN and theWashington Post as "fake news":This is an ACTUAL Bill being debated by the Tennessee State Legislature Today.Yes, this is, in fact, Real.SMDH. pic.twitter.com/BGYIAz31Oj Allan Creasy (@ServeThe901) February 11, 2020Verifying the existence of the legislation was fairly straightforward; Tennessee House Joint Resolution 779 or HJR0779 was available to view on the official Tennessee General Assembly website. An asterisk next to the bill's sponsor, Micah Van Huss, led to a state government profile page.A summary of Van Huss' legislation was available in the form of a February 4 2020 [PDF] "fiscal note," observing that the proposal would have no financial effects on the public. Its summary read:SUMMARY OF BILL: Resolves to recognize CNN and The Washington Post as fake news and part of the media wing of the Democratic Party, and further resolves to condemn such media outlets for denigrating our citizens and implying that they are weak-minded followers instead of people exercising their rights that our veterans paid for with their blood.A longer version was available via capitol.tn.gov [PDF], available to review in full. The House Joint Resolution's final two lines were of key importance.It is clear that Van Huss filed the bill and sent it along a legislative track in Tennessee, along with a fleshed-out list of grievances against CNN andWashington Post for perceived characterizations made by both outlets of either United States President Donald Trump and/or his base of support.However, the final two lines following the list of Van Huss' grievances sought only to label said outlets "as fake news and part of the media wing of the Democratic Party" and "condemn them for denigrating our citizens and implying that they are weak-minded followers" rather than actively censoring them from being distributed in the state:A RESOLUTION to recognize CNN and The Washington Post as fake news and condemn them for denigrating our citizens.WHEREAS, on October 3, 2019, an editor for The Washington Post wrote that President Donald J. Trump has cast a spell on the Republican Party and suggested that Trumpism is cultlike; andWHEREAS, on November 24, 2019, a CNN host suggested that Trump supporters belong to a cult and that our president is using mind control; andWHEREAS, we recognize that fake news outlets suggest ideas without directly making accusations so that they can claim innocence from their ivory towers; andWHEREAS, it is fascinating to see this latest "cult-of-Trump" meme coming from the left, because they are the true masters of deploying mobs to demand total conformity and compliance with their agenda; andWHEREAS, any thoughtful observer can see the cult-of-Trump meme as a classic case of psychological projection; after all, accusing someone's perceived opponent of exactly what one intends to do is a very old tactic; andWHEREAS, the mainstream media is in a panic because President Trump has opened the eyes of many average Americans who are tired of politics as usual. They are tired of being politicians' political pawns, and they are tired of every other country's needs being put before their own; andWHEREAS, suggestions of cult-like behavior by President Trump's supporters substitute a value judgment in place of a sorely needed argumentative analysis of how voters generate their own political views; andWHEREAS, to describe the entire Republican Party as a cult led by President Trump is problematic: If journalists are going to refer to the party as a cult and its supporters as cultists, they must define what "cult" means; otherwise, they are assuming that a cult is some obvious phenomenon and everyone knows what the word means; andWHEREAS, this cult diagnosis isn't a reasoned argument, or even an objective description; andWHEREAS, the cult diagnosis draws a line between Trump opponents and Trump supporters, and it oversimplifies the way people think and feel about their own beliefs and those on the other side of that line; andWHEREAS, President Trump understood their frustration when he ran for office; he has taken a stand on behalf of the middle class and everyday people, and that is the reason he has growing support; andWHEREAS, suggestions that supporters of President Trump are exhibiting cult-like behavior isn't helpful in an era of significant political polarization; now, therefore,BE IT RESOLVED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE, THE SENATE CONCURRING, that the State of Tennessee recognizes CNN and The Washington Post as fake news and part of the media wing of the Democratic Party.BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that we condemn them for denigrating our citizens and implying that they are weak-minded followers instead of people exercising their rights that our veterans paid for with their blood.Neither proposed resolution appeared to meaningfully affect either the two named news outlets or residents of the state of Tennessee, even if passed. Van Huss did not seek to limit their distribution or reach, or attach any penalties to their reporting.One of Van Huss' fellow Republican lawmakers answered a media query about HJR0779 on January 31 2020, citing legislative efforts such as healthcare and education as a more appropriate focus for state funds and man hours:Asked whether the resolution was a good use of taxpayer money, state Sen. Rusty Crowe of Johnson City, who is also mulling a run for Congress, said: "I don't think so. It's a personal message from Van Huss to his constituents."I've got so many things that I'm working on as chairman of the Health Committee, on the Education Committee and on the Government Operations Committee that are so important. I just don't I don't have time for that. I've got other things to do," he said.In 2018, Van Huss cited the satirical website "The Onion" during a Criminal Justice Committee meeting."I'm reading right here on The Onion a report about Kentucky seniors who haze freshmen basketball players," Van Huss said.While careful to criticize Van Huss outright, Northeast Tennessee Republicans told News 5 that they have different priorities.Other Tennessee Republicans concurred, referencing constituents' needs on issues they deemed more pressing:Asked if a fake news resolution is what Tennesseans want taxpayer-funded lawyers working on, state Sen. Jon Lundberg of Bristol said: "I think our voters determine that. Voters in each of our districts."State Rep. David Hawk of Greeneville said he doesn't believe the General Assembly should be addressing the topic."We have a lot of work to do outside of that," Hawk said. "That's not the first issue that comes from my constituents' mouths when I have a discussion with them. They're worried about workforce development; they're worried about health care; they're worried about mental health and substance abuse, that's about 15 to 20 down the list of concerns that they've got."Really, as a state government, I don't think that we should be dipping our toe in that."No final action had been taken on it as of February 13 2020. As of that date, HJR0779's next scheduled action was for February 18 2020.It is true that Van Huss sponsored House Joint Resolution 779, which was riddled with disinformation and jingoistic language, aiming for the "State of Tennessee [to recognize] CNN and The Washington Post as fake news and part of the media wing of the Democratic Party," and to "condemn [those outlets] for denigrating our citizens and implying that they are weak-minded followers instead of people exercising their rights that our veterans paid for with their blood."However, the resolution was not final as of February 13 2020, and it carried no measurable effects on either news outlet or on Tennessee citizens should it pass a vote.

SOLUTION:
A real piece of legislation filed in Tennessee sought to officially label CNN and the Washington Post as "fake news.