Question: As more people live longer, there will be relatively fewer workers supporting each retiree unless retirement patterns change.
As more people live longer, there will be more workers

Answer: no

Question: By the early 1900s the area had become a sort of bohemian quarter, beloved of the city's cliques of writers, artists, and intellectuals.
There were many writers, artists, and intellectuals in the area in 20th century.

Answer: yes

Question: about Julius," put in Tuppence.
Tuppence was speaking of Julius.

Answer:
yes