Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is activated in response to Candida albicans infection resulting in the release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. Although eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes modulate inflammation and immune responses, the role of cPLA2 and eicosanoids in regulating C. albicans lung infection is not understood.', 'The responses of cPLA2(+/+) and cPLA2(-/-) Balb/c mice to intratracheal instillation of C. albicans were compared. After challenge, we evaluated weight loss, organ fungal burden, and the recruitment of cells and the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ability of macrophages and neutrophils from cPLA2(+/+) and cPLA2(-/-) mice to recognize and kill C. albicans was also compared.', 'After C. albicans instillation, cPLA2(+/+) mice recovered a modest weight loss by 48h and completely cleared fungi from the lung by 12h with no dissemination to the kidneys. In cPLA2(-/-) mice, weight loss continued for 72h, C. albicans was not completely cleared from the lung and disseminated to the kidneys. cPLA2(-/-) mice exhibited greater signs of inflammation including higher neutrophil influx, and elevated levels of albumin and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL1, IL1, TNF, IL6, CSF2, CXCL1, CCL20) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C. albicans-infected cPLA2(-/-) mice compared to cPLA2(+/+) mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from uninfected cPLA2(-/-) mice exhibited less killing of C. albicans in vitro than cells from cPLA2(+/+) mice. In addition alveolar macrophages from cPLA2(-/-) mice isolated 6h after instillation of GFP-C. albicans contained fewer internalized fungi than cPLA2(+/+) macrophages.
Answer: The results demonstrate that cPLA2 contributes to immune surveillance and host defense in the lung to prevent infection by the commensal fungus C. albicans and to dampen inflammation.
[EX A]: Does cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection?

[EX Q]: Context: Chronic stress is generally known to exacerbate the development of numerous neuropsychiatric diseases such as fear and anxiety disorders, which is at least partially due to the disinhibition of amygdala subsequent to the prolonged stress exposure. GABA receptor A (GABAAR) mediates the primary component of inhibition in brain and its activation produces two forms of inhibition: the phasic and tonic inhibition. While both of them are critically engaged in limiting the activity of amygdala, their roles in the amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress exposure are largely unknown.', 'We investigated the possible alterations of phasic and tonic GABAAR currents and their roles in the amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress. We found that both chronic immobilization and unpredictable stress led to long lasting loss of tonic GABAAR currents in the projection neurons of lateral amygdala. By contrast, the phasic GABAAR currents, as measured by the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, were virtually unaltered. The loss of tonic inhibition varied with the duration of daily stress and the total days of stress exposure. It was prevented by pretreatment with metyrapone to block corticosterone synthesis or RU 38486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, suggesting the critical involvement of glucocorticoid receptor activation. Moreover, chronic treatment with corticosterone mimicked the effect of chronic stress and reduced the tonic inhibition in lateral amygdala of control mice. The loss of tonic inhibition resulted in the impaired GABAergic gating on neuronal excitability in amygdala, which was prevented by metyrapone pretreatment.
Answer: Our study suggests that enduring loss of tonic but not phasic GABAAR currents critically contributes to the prolonged amygdala disinhibition subsequent to chronic stress. We propose that the preferential loss of tonic inhibition may account for the development of stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases.
[EX A]: Does chronic stress impair GABAergic control of amygdala through suppressing the tonic GABAA receptor currents?

[EX Q]: Context: To determine whether prothrombin is present in follicular fluid and whether the enzymatic pathways for prothrombin activation are similar to those in plasma.', 'Follicular fluid samples collected at the time of oocyte harvest for an assisted reproductive technology procedure (ART) were analyzed for a panel of hemostatic proteins with use of a combination of functional, chromogenic, and Western ligand blot analysis.', 'An ART clinic and an academic research laboratory.', 'Women undergoing ART.', 'None.', 'Determination of components of thrombin generation and thrombin modulatory systems using functional and antigenic assay procedures.', 'Both prothrombin and components of the prothrombinase enzyme complex, which includes factors V, VII, and X, are present in follicular fluid. Other hemostatic proteins, including factors VIII and IX and vonWillebrand factor, are absent. The direct activation of prothrombin to thrombin is similar in follicular fluid and plasma. Like plasma, inhibitors of both thrombin and thrombin generation, including antithrombin, protein C, and alpha2-macroglobulin, are present in follicular fluid.
Answer: Only a select group of hemostatic plasma proteins are present in follicular fluid. There is no direct correlation between molecular size and concentration of individual proteins in follicular fluid. These results indicate that the proteins involved in the thrombin-generating and thrombin modulatory pathways may be derived from ovarian cells, suggesting that thrombin may have a role in folliculogenesis.
[EX A]:
Does human ovarian follicular fluid have functional systems for the generation and modulation of thrombin?