In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

Ex Input:
Three incremental levels of document preprocessing are experimented with: raw text, text cleaning through document logical structure detection, and removal of keyphrase sparse sections of the document. In doing so, we present the first consistent comparison of different keyphrase extraction models and study their robustness over noisy text.
Question: what levels of document preprocessing are looked at?

Ex Output:
raw text text cleaning through document logical structure detection removal of keyphrase sparse sections of the document

Ex Input:
Parallel Scan Inference
The commutative properties of semiring algorithms allow flexibility in the order in which we compute $A(\ell )$. Typical implementations of dynamic programming algorithms are serial in the length of the sequence. Vectorized Parsing
Computational complexity is even more of an issue for parsing algorithms, which cannot be as easily parallelized. Semiring Matrix Operations
The two previous optimizations reduce most of the cost to semiring matrix multiplication. In the specific case of the $(\sum , imes )$ semiring these can be computed very efficiently using matrix multiplication, which is highly-tuned on GPU hardware. Unfortunately for other semirings, such as log and max, these operations are either slow or very memory inefficient. For instance, for matrices $T$ and $U$ of sized $N imes M$ and $M imes O$, we can broadcast with $\otimes $ to a tensor of size $N imes M imes O$ and then reduce dim $M$ by $igoplus $ at a huge memory cost.
Question: What baselines are used in experiments?

Ex Output:
Typical implementations of dynamic programming algorithms are serial in the length of the sequence Computational complexity is even more of an issue for parsing algorithms, which cannot be as easily parallelized Unfortunately for other semirings, such as log and max, these operations are either slow or very memory inefficient

Ex Input:
We plotted the distribution of harassment incidents in each categorization dimension (Figure FIGREF19). It displays statistics that provide important evidence as to the scale of harassment and that can serve as the basis for more effective interventions to be developed by authorities ranging from advocacy organizations to policy makers. It provides evidence to support some commonly assumed factors about harassment: First, we demonstrate that harassment occurred more frequently during the night time than the day time. Second, it shows that besides unspecified strangers (not shown in the figure), conductors and drivers are top the list of identified types of harassers, followed by friends and relatives. Furthermore, we uncovered that there exist strong correlations between the age of perpetrators and the location of harassment, between the single/multiple harasser(s) and location, and between age and single/multiple harasser(s) (Figure FIGREF20). We also found that the majority of young perpetrators engaged in harassment behaviors on the streets. These findings suggest that interventions with young men and boys, who are readily influenced by peers, might be most effective when education is done peer-to-peer. It also points to the locations where such efforts could be made, including both in schools and on the streets. In contrast, we found that adult perpetrators of sexual harassment are more likely to act alone. Most of the adult harassers engaged in harassment on public transportation. These differences in adult harassment activities and locations, mean that interventions should be responsive to these factors. For example, increasing the security measures on transit at key times and locations. In addition, we also found that the correlations between the forms of harassment with the age, single/multiple harasser, type of harasser, and location (Figure FIGREF21). For example, young harassers are more likely to engage in behaviors of verbal harassment, rather than physical harassment as compared to adults. It was a single perpetrator that engaged in touching or groping more often, rather than groups of perpetrators. In contrast, commenting happened more frequently when harassers were in groups. Last but not least, public transportation is where people got indecently touched most frequently both by fellow passengers and by conductors and drivers. The nature and location of the harassment are particularly significant in developing strategies for those who are harassed or who witness the harassment to respond and manage the everyday threat of harassment. For example, some strategies will work best on public transport, a particular closed, shared space setting, while other strategies might be more effective on the open space of the street.
Question: What patterns were discovered from the stories?

Ex Output:
we demonstrate that harassment occurred more frequently during the night time than the day time it shows that besides unspecified strangers (not shown in the figure), conductors and drivers are top the list of identified types of harassers, followed by friends and relatives we uncovered that there exist strong correlations between the age of perpetrators and the location of harassment, between the single/multiple harasser(s) and location, and between age and single/multiple harasser(s) We also found that the majority of young perpetrators engaged in harassment behaviors on the streets we found that adult perpetrators of sexual harassment are more likely to act alone we also found that the correlations between the forms of harassment with the age, single/multiple harasser, type of harasser, and location commenting happened more frequently when harassers were in groups. Last but not least, public transportation is where people got indecently touched most frequently both by fellow passengers and by conductors and drivers.