Information: - Gabriel S. '' Gabi '' Tolkowsky ( born 1939 ) is one of the world 's most renowned diamond cutters , the sixth generation of the Tolkowsky family to make his name in the trade . He is the great nephew of Marcel Tolkowsky , the father of the modern round brilliant diamond cut . - Diamond (or ) is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material. Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells. - A diamond cut is a style or design guide used when shaping a diamond for polishing such as the brilliant cut. Cut does not refer to shape (pear, oval), but the symmetry, proportioning and polish of a diamond. The cut of a diamond greatly affects a diamond's brilliance; this means if it is cut poorly, it will be less luminous. - Marcel Tolkowsky (25 December 1899 10 February 1991) was a member of a Jewish family from Poland of diamond cutters and an engineer by education. He is generally acknowledged as the father of the modern round brilliant diamond cut. Many of his family have gone on to become noted diamond cutters, including his cousin Lazare Kaplan and his great nephew Gabi Tolkowsky. - Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Krakow, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin. What object entity has the relation of 'occupation' with the subject 'gabi tolkowsky'? Choices: - carbon - engineer - father - guide - major - member - mountain - ukraine
engineer

Information: - Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 8 January 1948) was a German artist who was born in Hanover, Germany. Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dadaism, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography, and what came to be known as installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called "Merz Pictures". - Anne Ryan ( 1889 -- 1954 ) belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists . Her first contact with the New York Avant - garde came in 1941 when she joined the Atelier 17 , a famous printmaking workshop that the British artist Stanley William Hayter had established in Paris in the 1930s and then brought to New York when France fell to the Nazis . The great turning point in Anne Ryan 's development occurred after the war , in 1948 . She was 57 years old when she saw the collages of Kurt Schwitters at the Rose Fried Gallery , in New York City . She right away dedicated herself to this newly discovered medium . Since Anne Ryan was a poet , according to Deborah Solomon , in Kurt Schwitters 's collages '' she recognized the visual equivalent of her sonnets -- discrete images packed together in an extremely compressed space . '' When six years later Anne Ryan died , her work in this medium numbered over 400 pieces . - Stanley William Hayter (December 27, 1901 May 4, 1988) was an English painter and printmaker associated in the 1930s with Surrealism and from 1940 onward with Abstract Expressionism. Regarded as one of the most significant printmakers of the 20th century, in 1927 Hayter founded the legendary "Atelier 17" studio in Paris. Since his death in 1988, it has been known as "Atelier Contrepoint". Among the artists who frequenting the atelier were Pablo Picasso, Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miro, Alexander Calder, Marc Chagall, Nemestio Antunez, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Mauricio Lasansky, K.R.H. Sonderborg, and Flora Blanc. - Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each print produced is not considered a "copy" but rather is considered an "original". This is because typically each print varies to an extent due to variables intrinsic to the printmaking process, and also because the imagery of a print is typically not simply a reproduction of another work but rather is often a unique image designed from the start to be expressed in a particular printmaking technique. A print may be known as an impression. Printmaking (other than monotyping) is not chosen only for its ability to produce multiple impressions, but rather for the unique qualities that each of the printmaking processes lends itself to. - Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings. The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality". Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. - Abstract expressionism is a postWorld War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris. Although the term "abstract expressionism" was first applied to American art in 1946 by the art critic Robert Coates, it had been first used in Germany in 1919 in the magazine "Der Sturm", regarding German Expressionism. In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky. - Printing is a process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest examples include Cylinder seals and other objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of woodblock printing came from China dating to before 220 A.D. Later developments in printing include the movable type, first developed by Bi Sheng in China. Johannes Gutenberg introduced mechanical movable type printing to Europe in the 15th century. His printing press played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses. - Installation art is an artistic genre of three-dimensional works that often are site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called public art, land art or intervention art; however, the boundaries between these terms overlap. What object entity has the relation of 'movement' with the subject 'anne ryan'? Choices: - abstract expressionism - constructivism - dadaism - land art - renaissance - surrealism - woodblock printing
abstract expressionism