question: The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.

The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers, like Nature, magazines, like The Economist and New Scientist, and newspapers, like The Guardian and The Times) and U.S. newspapers is to use sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, where capitalisation follows the same rules that apply for sentences. This convention is usually called sentence case. It may also be applied to publication titles, especially in bibliographic references and library catalogues. Examples of global publishers whose English-language house styles prescribe sentence-case titles and headings include the International Organization for Standardization.
1. Is sentence case a requirement or a convention?
2. What titles might it be applied to?
3. Especially in which type of references?
4. And also, what type of catalogues?
5. What organization does ISO stand for?
6. Are they a global publisher?
7. Do they have an English language house style?
8. What must their titles and headings use?
9. How many words can the terms upper and lower case be written as?
10. What can they be connected with?
11. Were the drawers deep?
12. What was stored in the drawers?
13. What were they called?
14. Were capital letters stored in the same type case?
15. Where was its case located?
16. Are capital letters taller or shorter?
17. What country initially followed this convention?
18. What type of publisher was Nature?
19. What kind of publication was The Guardian?
20. What's another newspaper that used this convention?
****
answer: 1. Convention
2. Publication
3. Bibliographic references
4. library catalogues.
5. International Organization for Standardization.
6. Yes
7. Yes
8. Sentence-case
9. Twi
10. A hyphen
11. No
12. Movable type for letterpress printing
13. unknown
14. No
15. Above the case
16. taller.
17. Britan
18. Scientific
19. Newspaper
20. The Times

question: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include 1 company for leaders (Fortune), 1 green company in the United States (Newsweek), 2 best global brand (Interbrand), 2 most respected company (Barron's), 5 most admired company (Fortune), and 18 most innovative company (Fast Company).
1. How many people work for IBM?
2. Is that just in the US?
3. Where do they work?
4. What is their ranking among American employers?
5. According to whom?
6. When was this announced?
7. When did the business start?
8. What was it named then?
9. What was it lated called?
10. When was the name change?
11. Who was the first to call it by that name?
12. What was its nickname?
13. What was it also called?
14. Why?
15. What was its ranking for leadership?
16. What about innovation?
17. Did it get a high ranking for green energy?
18. By whom?
19. What was it ranked?
20. Who ranked it second in branding?
****
answer: 1. 435,000
2. no
3. worldwide
4. second largest
5. Fortune
6. In 2012
7. 1911
8. Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
9. International Business Machines
10. in 1924
11. Thomas J. Watson
12. IBM
13. Big Blue
14. for its size and common use of the color
15. 1
16. 18
17. yes
18. Newsweek
19. 1
20. Interbrand

question: CHAPTER XII

MR. LAYARD'S WOOING

The days went by with an uneventful swiftness at the Abbey, and after he had once accustomed himself to the strangeness of what was, in effect, solitude in the house with an unmarried guest of the other sex, it may be admitted, very pleasantly to Morris. At first that rather remarkable young lady, Stella, had alarmed him somewhat, so that he convinced himself that the duties of this novel hospitality would prove irksome. As a matter of fact, however, in forty-eight hours the irksomeness was all gone, to be replaced within twice that period by an atmosphere of complete understanding, which was comforting to his fearful soul.

The young lady was never in the way. Now that she had procured some suitable clothes the young lady was distinctly good looking; she was remarkably intelligent and well-read; she sang, as Stephen Layard had said, "like an angel"; she took a most enlightened interest in aerophones and their possibilities; she proved a very useful assistant in various experiments; and made one or two valuable suggestions. While Mary and the rest of them were away the place would really be dull without her, and somehow he could not be as sorry as he ought when Dr. Charters told him that old Mr. Fregelius's bones were uniting with exceeding slowness.

Such were the conclusions which one by one took shape in the mind of that ill-starred man, Morris Monk. As yet, however, let the student of his history understand, they were not tinged with the slightest "arriere-pensee." He did not guess even that such relations as already existed between Stella and himself might lead to grievous trouble; that at least they were scarcely wise in the case of a man engaged.
1. Was the younger woman an obstruction?
2. what did she have to get?
3. did they make her look ugly?
4. how did she now appear?
5. and was she stupid?
****
answer:
1. no
2. suitable clothes
3. No
4. distinctly good looking
5. No