Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER LXIX.

HOW THE MOORS MADE VARIOUS ENTERPRISES AGAINST THE CHRISTIANS.

"While the pious king Ferdinand," observes Fray Antonio Agapida, "was humbling himself before the cross and devoutly praying for the destruction of his enemies, that fierce pagan, El Zagal, depending merely on arm of flesh and sword of steel, pursued his diabolical outrages upon the Christians." No sooner was the invading army disbanded than he sallied forth from his stronghold, and carried fire and sword into all those parts which had submitted to the Spanish yoke. The castle of Nixar, being carelessly guarded, was taken by surprise and its garrison put to the sword. The old warrior raged with sanguinary fury about the whole frontier, attacking convoys, slaying, wounding, and making prisoners, and coming by surprise upon the Christians wherever they were off their guard.

Carlos de Biedma, alcayde of the fortress of Culla, confiding in the strength of its walls and towers and in its difficult situation, being built on the summit of a lofty hill and surrounded by precipices, ventured to absent himself from his post. He was engaged to be married to a fair and noble lady of Baeza, and repaired to that city to celebrate his nuptials, escorted by a brilliant array of the best horsemen of his garrison. Apprised of his absence, the vigilant El Zagal suddenly appeared before Culla with a powerful force, stormed the town sword in hand, fought the Christians from street to street, and drove them with great slaughter to the citadel. Here a veteran captain, by the name of Juan de Avalos, a gray-headed warrior scarred in many a battle, assumed the command and made an obstinate defence. Neither the multitude of the enemy nor the vehemence of their attacks, though led on by the terrible El Zagal himself, had power to shake the fortitude of this doughty old soldier.

1. Where does the fortress of Culla sit?
2. What was encircling it?
3. Who was planning to get married?
4. To who?
5. From where?
6. Who guarded Carlos?
7. Who found out he wasn't at Culla?
8. What did he do?
9. Who did he battle?
10. Where did he chase them to?
11. Did he kill many to get them there?
12. Who took over leadership there?
13. Was he a young guy?
14. What was his experience level?
15. Had he been in many confrontations like that one?
16. Could anyone sway him?
17. Who was praying for the downfall of those who were against him?
18. Who simultaneously was carrying out attacks?
19. Which castle did he take due to lax security?
20. What happened to the garrison there?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. On the summit of a lofty hill.
2. Precipices.
3. Carlos de Biedma.
4. A fair and noble lady.
5. Baeza.
6. The best horsemen of his garrison.
7. El Zagal.
8. Stormed the town.
9. Christians.
10. The citadel.
11. Yes.
12. Juan de Avalos.
13. No.
14. A veteran captain.
15. Yes.
16. No.
17. Ferdinand.
18. El Zagal.
19. The castle of Nixar.
20. Put to the sword.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Roger Rolls was the first black governor in the history of New York State, USA. He was born in one of New York's notorious slums. The children born here rarely did decent work after they grew up. However, Roger Rolls was an exception, for he was not only admitted to the university, but also he became a governor. At his inaugural press conference, a reporter asked him, "What made you become the governor?" Faced with more than 300 journalists, Rolls did not mention his struggle but only spoke of his primary school schoolmaster---Pierre Paul.

In 1961, Pierre Paul was engaged as the director and principle of Nobita Primary School. When he entered this school, he found the children here didn't cooperate with the teachers. Pierre thought up many ways to guide them, but none was effective. Later, he found these children were very superstitious , so when he gave lectures, he added a program of palm reading as a means of fortune-telling, with which he encouraged the students.

When Rolls Jumped from the hathpace and walked to the platform with his small hands stretched out, Pierre Paul said, "As soon as I see your slender little fingers, I know you will be the governor of New York State in future." At that moment, Rolls was shocked because only his grandmother inspired him once, saying that he could become the governor of New York State, so he remembered that remark and believed him.

From that day on, the "New York State Governor" was like a banner that constantly inspired him to study energetically and make progress. Rolls no longer stained his clothes with mud, nor did he speak in foul language. He began to straighten his back when he was walking. In the next more than 40 years, he demanded himself according to the identity of a governor. At the age of 51, he finally became the governor of New York State.

Put up a banner of faith for yourself and you will have the drive to struggle and the vitality of life.

1. Who is the article about?
2. What is he famous for?
3. Where was he born?
4. Where in New York?
5. Did he go to college?
6. Who inspired him?
7. Who is that?
8. What was the problem at Nobita Primary School?
9. Did Paul try to help the problem?
10. Was he successful at first?
11. What did he find was effective?
12. How old was Paul when he became governor?
13. What did Paul predict in Rolls' hand?
14. How long did it take fore Rolls become governor?
15. How many journalists were at his inaugural press conference?
16. Was Paul involved at Nobita Primary School?
17. What was his job?
18. What was Rolls' reaction to Paul's prediction?
19. Had anyone else given him encouragement before?
20. Did Rolls constantly try to improve himself?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Roger Rolls
2. first black governor in the history of New York State
3. New York
4. slum
5. yes
6. Pierre Paul
7. his primary school schoolmaster
8. children didn't cooperate with the teachers
9. yes
10. no
11. he added a program of palm reading
12. 51
13. he would become governor of New York State
14. more than 40 years
15. more than 300
16. yes
17. Director
18. shocked
19. his grandmother
20. yes