[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Sand mining is a direct cause of erosion, and impacts the local wildlife.[2] Various animals depend on sandy beaches for nesting clutches, and mining has led to the near extinction of gharials (a species of crocodile) in India. Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand causes turbidity in the water, which is harmful for organisms like coral that need sunlight. It can also destroy fisheries, financially harming their operators. Removal of physical coastal barriers, such as dunes, sometimes leads to flooding of beachside communities, and the destruction of picturesque beaches causes tourism to dissipate. Sand mining is regulated by law in many places, but is often done illegally.[3] Globally, it is a $70 billion industry, with sand selling at up to $90 per cubic yard.[4] I am facing a new situation today: Two cities located at the sea shore between sand dunes, took 2 different approaches to their economic stability and sources of income for their inhabitants. Dune city was mainly focused on raising cattle, fishing and tourism, while Gulf city started sand mining operations because of the good prices they received per cubic yard of sand. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which city contributed less to the disturbance of underwater and coastal sand ?
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[A]: Dune
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: In exercises such as weight lifting, skeletal muscle contracts against a resisting force (see Figure below ). Using skeletal muscle in this way increases its size and strength. In exercises such as running, the cardiac muscle contracts faster and the heart pumps more blood. Using cardiac muscle in this way increases its strength and efficiency. Continued exercise is necessary to maintain bigger, stronger muscles. If you don't use a muscle, it will get smaller and weakerso use it or lose it. I am facing a new situation today: Danny started weight lifting two years ago, he wanted to be bigger. His brother Arnie preferred athletic competitions such as running, so he became a runner. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which brother had fewer skeletal muscles contract against a resisting force?
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output: Arnie
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: Insecticide control of aphids is difficult, as they breed rapidly, so even small areas missed may enable the population to recover promptly. Aphids may occupy the undersides of leaves where spray misses them, while systemic insecticides do not move satisfactorily into flower petals. Finally, some aphid species are resistant to common insecticide classes including carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids.For small backyard infestations, spraying plants thoroughly with a strong water jet every few days may be sufficient protection. An insecticidal soap solution can be an effective household remedy to control aphids, but it only kills aphids on contact and has no residual effect. Soap spray may damage plants, especially at higher concentrations or at temperatures above 32 C (90 F); some plant species are sensitive to soap sprays. I am facing a new situation today: Bill and Jane are two farmers. They both had aphid infestation problems over the last few years, so Bill decided to use many types of insecticides in order to keep the aphids under control. He was only partially successful. Jane didn't do anything about it yet, because she has fewer aphids on her farm, but she vows to do so in the near future. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which farmer had more aphids resistant to pyrethroids?
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Answer: Bill
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Often, foreign exchange controls can result in the creation of black markets to exchange the weaker currency for stronger currencies. This leads to a situation where the exchange rate for the foreign currency is much higher than the rate set by the government, and therefore creates a shadow currency exchange market. As such, it is unclear whether governments have the ability to enact effective exchange controls.[1] I am facing a new situation today: On March 2015 Japans economy soared. There was a likelihood that the Japanese yen would rise in value. In the wake of this event, Japanese Government adjusted the price of Japanese Currency Yen in accordance with the going market price. On the other hand, at he same time, UK was having economic downturn. There was a likelihood that the UK Currency Pound Sterling would go down. Fearing public backlash, UK Government kept the price of the Pound Sterling at the same level. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which Government took the right step to combat their currency being traded in the black market?

A: Japanese Government
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Noble gases are also used to fill the glass tubes of lighted signs like the one in the Figure below . Although noble gases are chemically nonreactive, their electrons can be energized by sending an electric current through them. When this happens, the electrons jump to a higher energy level. When the electrons return to their original energy level, they give off energy as light. Different noble gases give off light of different colors. Neon gives off reddish-orange light, like the word "Open" in the sign below. Krypton gives off violet light and xenon gives off blue light. I am facing a new situation today: A scientist named Kathy walks into her office to see two signs filled with noble gasses plugged into the wall and hanging above her desk. There is a large sign filled with neon and a small sign filled with krypton. Confused, she looks around to see if there's any clue as to who put them there. Seeing nobody, she flips the light switch on and walks in. Upon flipping the light switch, only the large sign lights up. Even though they are clearly both plugged in, the small sign isn't turning on. Kathy leaves her office to find someone to ask who put these random signs up in her room. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: If properly working, which sign would give off a violet glow?
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The answer is:
small sign
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Anemophilous pollen grains are light and non-sticky, so that they can be transported by air currents. They are typically 2060 micrometres (0.00080.0024 in) in diameter, although the pollen grains of Pinus species can be much larger and much less dense. Anemophilous plants possess well-exposed stamens so that the pollens are exposed to wind currents and also have large and feathery stigma to easily trap airborne pollen grains. Pollen from anemophilous plants tends to be smaller and lighter than pollen from entomophilous ones, with very low nutritional value to insects. However, insects sometimes gather pollen from staminate anemophilous flowers at times when higher-protein pollens from entomophilous flowers are scarce. Anemophilous pollens may also be inadvertently captured by bees' electrostatic field. This may explain why, though bees are not observed to visit ragweed flowers, its pollen is often found in honey made during the ragweed floral bloom. Other flowers that are generally anemophilous are observed to be actively worked by bees, with solitary bees often visiting grass flowers, and the larger honeybees and bumblebees frequently gathering pollen from corn tassels and other grains. I am facing a new situation today: Two botanists studied different types of plants. Barb studied anemophilous plants, while her friend Faye learned about entomophilous plants. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which botanist learned more about pollen transported by wind currents?

A:
Barb