Question: In chemistry, pH () (potential of hydrogen) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Pure water is neutral, at pH 7 (25C), being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively.

pH measurements are important in agronomy, medicine, biology, chemistry, agriculture, forestry, food science, environmental science, oceanography, civil engineering, chemical engineering, nutrition, water treatment and water purification, as well as many other applications.

The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter, or an indicator. 1. what does pH mean?
2. what kind of scale?
3. what does it specify?
4. what is it the negative of?
5. measured in what?
6. what are pH less than 7?
7. and more than 7?
8. what is water?
9. what degree?
10. Is it a water or a base?
11. Can pH be less than 10?
12. less than 0?
13. greater than 14?
14. What is used to measure the pH of aqueous solutions?
15. and what else? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. potential of hydrogen
2. numeric
3. the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
4. the base 10 logarithm
5. moles per liter
6. acidic
7. basic
8. neutral, at pH 7
9. 25C
10. neither
11. Yes
12. Yes
13. Yes
14. pH meter
15. a glass electrode

Question: The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at ), otherwise known as the SmootHawley Tariff or HawleySmoot Tariff, was an act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930. The act raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.

The tariffs (this does not include duty-free imports see "Tariff levels" below) under the act were the second-highest in the U.S. in 100 years, exceeded by a small margin by the Tariff of 1828. The Act and following retaliatory tariffs by America's trading partners helped reduce American exports and imports by more than half during the Depression. Although economists disagree by how much, the consensus view among economists and economic historians is that "The passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff exacerbated the Great Depression."

In 1922, Congress passed the FordneyMcCumber Tariff act which increased tariffs on imports.

The League of Nations' World Economic Conference met at Geneva in 1927, concluding in its final report: "the time has come to put an end to tariffs, and to move in the opposite direction." Vast debts and reparations could only be repaid through gold, services or goods; but the only items available on that scale were goods. However, many of the delegates' governments did the opposite, starting in 1928 when France passed a new tariff law and quota system. 1. What do experts say exacerbated the Great Depression?
2. What is another name for The Tariff Act of 1930?
3. Who sponsored it?
4. What did Congress pass in 1922?
5. When was The Tariff Act signed into law?
6. What conference met in 1927?
7. About how many goods did The Tariff Act raise tariffs on?
8. What did France do in 1928?
9. What was The Tariff Act exactly?
10. Did it included duty-free imports? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. The passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff
2. the SmootHawley Tariff or HawleySmoot Tariff
3. Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley
4. FordneyMcCumber Tariff act
5. on June 17, 1930
6. The League of Nations' World Economic Conference
7. over 20,000
8. passed a new tariff law and quota system.
9. an act implementing protectionist trade policies
10. no

Question: A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle, defined so that a full rotation is 360 degrees.

It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit of angular measure is the radian, but it is mentioned in the SI brochure as an accepted unit. Because a full rotation equals 2 radians, one degree is equivalent to radians.

The original motivation for choosing the degree as a unit of rotations and angles is unknown. One theory states that it is related to the fact that 360 is approximately the number of days in a year. Ancient astronomers noticed that the sun, which follows through the ecliptic path over the course of the year, seems to advance in its path by approximately one degree each day. Some ancient calendars, such as the Persian calendar, used 360 days for a year. The use of a calendar with 360 days may be related to the use of sexagesimal numbers.

Another theory is that the Babylonians subdivided the circle using the angle of an equilateral triangle as the basic unit and further subdivided the latter into 60 parts following their sexagesimal numeric system. The earliest trigonometry, used by the Babylonian astronomers and their Greek successors, was based on chords of a circle. A chord of length equal to the radius made a natural base quantity. One sixtieth of this, using their standard sexagesimal divisions, was a degree. 1. What is degree short for?
2. What is is used for?
3. What is its maximum value?
4. Are there any other units for measuring angles?
5. WHat?
6. And what unit is defined in that system?
7. Are degrees a recent concept, or older?
8. What was an early civilization that used them?
9. What shapmes were important to their math?
10. What number pops up a lot in their math system? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. unknown
2. measurement of a plane angle
3. 360
4. Yes
5. the SI unit
6. the radian
7. older
8. the Babylonians
9. unknown
10. 60