Use your patient's belly button as the center and divide your listening around the belly button into four sections. Listen to the upper left, upper right, lower left and right. Normal bowel sounds sound like when your stomach growls or grumbles. Anything else may suggest that something is wrong and that the patient requires further evaluation. You should hear "growling" in all four sections. Sometimes after surgery, bowel sounds will take a while to return. Most of the sounds that you hear when listening to your patient's bowels are just the sounds of digestion. Although most bowel sounds are normal, some abnormalities could point to a problem. If you are unsure if the bowel sounds you hear are normal and/or the patient has other symptoms, then the patient should see a doctor for further evaluation. If you do not hear any bowel sounds, that may mean that something is blocked in the patient's stomach. It can also indicate constipation and bowel sounds may return on their own. But if they do not return, then there may be a blockage. In this case, the patient would need further evaluation by a doctor. If the patient has hyperactive bowel sounds followed by a lack of bowel sounds, that could indicate that there has been a rupture or necrosis of the bowel tissue. If the patient has very high-pitched bowel sounds, this may indicate that there is an obstruction in the patient's bowels. Slow bowel sounds may be caused by prescription drugs, spinal anesthesia, infection, trauma, abdominal surgery, or overexpansion of the bowel. Fast or hyperactive bowel sounds can be caused by Crohn's disease, a gastrointestinal bleed, food allergies, diarrhea, infection, and ulcerative colitis.
++++++++++
One-sentence summary -- Place the diaphragm on your patient's bare stomach. Listen for normal bowel sounds. Listen for abnormal bowel sounds.

Warmed (not too hot) lard, bacon grease or chicken fat-drippings; Vaseline, petroleum jelly, or chest vapor rub, mineral oil; Automobile tar and bug remover; Vegetable cooking oil; Orange hand cleaner. try a different solvent (volatile kinds, kerosene for instance), if the cooking fat or oil wasn't sufficient -- choosing from options above for stubborn spots.
++++++++++
One-sentence summary -- Coat and soak with one of the following oily products/solvents: Or, take clothing outdoors and spray the spot with penetrating oil (WD40 or such) -- not near a flame or cigarette, etc. Similarly, take clothing outdoors and dab a small amount of white kerosene, paint thinner, mineral spirits, turpentine, alcohol or lamp-oil (not gasoline) onto a persistent stain with a white paper towel or cleaning rag -- not near a flame or cigarette, etc. Consider using fingernail polish remover as your solvent -- not near a flame or cigarette, etc. Remove dissolved, oiled, greased tar by rubbing with paper towel or cleaning rag. Repeat oily treatments, before washing:

You can avoid ingrown hairs by regularly exfoliating and moisturizing your skin in the weeks before and after the waxing session. Use a body scrub, loofah or washcloth to exfoliate your skin, or make your own exfoliating body scrub using sugar or salt. Follow up with a lightweight moisturizing lotion -- if your skin feels sensitive after the wax, make sure it is color and fragrance free. A good tip to make your waxing session more effective is to sprinkle a little baby powder on your (clean) skin before waxing. The baby powder soaks up any moisture or oil from the surface of your skin and helps the wax to stick to the hairs better. It's important to get the temperature right, as burning yourself with hot wax is no fun at all! Once you've melted the wax, test the temperature by applying a little to the inside of your wrist. The skin here is very sensitive, so if it feels okay, the wax should be at a safe temperature to apply to the rest of your body. However, it's important that the wax is not too cold either, otherwise it won't spread properly! In order for hair to adhere to the wax and be effectively removed, hair must be at least 14 inch (0.6cm) to 12 inch (1.3cm) in length. Therefore, you should avoid shaving or using any other hair removal methods in the week or two running up to your waxing session. It may be hard to resist -- but you'll get a much smoother result in the end. You also need to be wary of hair that's too long -- use a safety scissors to trim long hair to about 1/2 on inch in length for more efficient waxing. Waxing the same area twice can be very painful and even damaging to the already-sensitive skin. So if you notice any hairs that you missed, just use a tweezers to pluck them out instead.
++++++++++
One-sentence summary --
Avoid ingrown hairs. Use baby powder. Avoid burning yourself with the wax. Make sure hair is long enough before you attempt to wax it. Don't wax the same area twice.