Q: What is the name for a biologist who studies fungi? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Mycologist Mycologists are biologists who study fungi. Mycology is a branch of microbiology, and many mycologists start their careers with a degree in microbiology. To become a mycologist, a bachelor's degree in a biological science (preferably majoring in microbiology) and a master's degree in mycology are minimally necessary. Mycologists can specialize in taxonomy and fungal genomics, molecular and cellular biology, plant pathology, biotechnology, or biochemistry. Some medical microbiologists concentrate on the study of infectious diseases caused by fungi (mycoses). Mycologists collaborate with zoologists and plant pathologists to identify and control difficult fungal infections, such as the devastating chestnut blight, the mysterious decline in frog populations in many areas of the world, or the deadly epidemic called white nose syndrome, which is decimating bats in the Eastern United States. Government agencies hire mycologists as research scientists and technicians to monitor the health of crops, national parks, and national forests. Mycologists are also employed in the private sector by companies that develop chemical and biological control products or new agricultural products, and by companies that provide disease control services. Because of the key role played by fungi in the fermentation of alcohol and the preparation of many important foods, scientists with a good understanding of fungal physiology routinely work in the food technology industry. Oenology, the science of wine making, relies not only on the knowledge of grape varietals and soil composition, but also on a solid understanding of the characteristics of the wild yeasts that thrive in different wine-making regions. It is possible to purchase yeast strains isolated from specific grape-growing regions. The great French chemist and microbiologist, Louis Pasteur, made many of his essential discoveries working on the humble brewer's yeast, thus discovering the process of fermentation. Choices: - egyptologists - musicologists - oncologists - mycologists A:
mycologists

Q: What type of pressure may build up inside the cell when water moves into a cell by osmosis? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: When water moves into a cell by osmosis, osmotic pressure may build up inside the cell. If a cell has a cell wall, the wall helps maintain the cell's water balance. Osmotic pressure is the main cause of support in many plants. When a plant cell is in a hypotonic environment, the osmotic entry of water raises the turgor pressure exerted against the cell wall until the pressure prevents more water from coming into the cell. At this point the plant cell is turgid ( Figure below ). The effects of osmotic pressures on plant cells are shown in Figure above . Choices: - pleasurable pressure - impervious pressure - transverse pressure - osmotic pressure A:
osmotic pressure

Q: Q: Instead of using their nose, reptiles can use what organ to smell scents? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Reptiles have a circulatory system with a heart that pumps blood. Reptiles also have a centralized nervous system with a brain. Their brain is relatively small, but the parts of the brain that control the senses and learning are larger than in amphibians. Reptiles have good senses of sight and smell. They use their tongue to smell scents. That's what the blue-tongued lizard in Figure below is doing. Some reptiles also have a heat-sensing organ that helps them locate the warm bodies of prey animals such as birds and small mammals. Choices: - bladder - eye - liver - tongue A:
A: tongue

Question: Q: Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward what? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Plant Responses to Gravity Whether or not they germinate in the light or in total darkness, shoots usually sprout up from the ground, and roots grow downward into the ground. A plant laid on its side in the dark will send shoots upward when given enough time. Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward sunlight. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward is called negative gravitropism, whereas growth of the roots downward is called positive gravitropism. Amyloplasts (also known as statoliths) are specialized plastids that contain starch granules and settle downward in response to gravity. Amyloplasts are found in shoots and in specialized cells of the root cap. When a plant is tilted, the statoliths drop to the new bottom cell wall. A few hours later, the shoot or root will show growth in the new vertical direction. The mechanism that mediates gravitropism is reasonably well understood. When amyloplasts settle to the bottom of the gravity-sensing cells in the root or shoot, they physically contact the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing the release of calcium ions from inside the ER. This calcium signaling in the cells causes polar transport of the plant hormone IAA to. Choices: - the north pole - trees - the south pole - sunlight A:
Answer: sunlight

*Question*
Q: What forms when the spores from two parents fuse during sexual reproduction? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore. Choices: - xerophyte - spirogyra - monospore - zygospore A:
**Answer**
zygospore

Q: Q: Females of what mammalian group have mammary glands but lack nipples? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Monotreme eggs have a leathery shell, like the eggs of reptiles. The eggs are retained inside the mother's body for at least a couple of weeks. During that time, the mother provides the eggs with nutrients. Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Echidna females have a pouch in which they store their eggs. Female monotremes have mammary glands but lack nipples. Instead, they "sweat" milk from a patch on their belly. Choices: - prosauropod - Eutheria - Metatheria - monotreme A:
A: monotreme