Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.

[Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: The city of Edinburgh grew up around the steep, ragged cliff of the Castle Rock and its easily defended summit.
Sent 2: Archaeological excavations have revealed evidence of habitation here as long ago as 900 b.c.
Sent 3: Very little, however, is known about the Rock and its inhabitants in the centuries between its first occupation and the time of the MacAlpin kings.
Sent 4: A few shadowy details have been left to us by the Romans and by an epic poem from the seventh century.
Sent 5: Romans and Britons The Romans invaded Scotland in a.d.
Sent 6: 7884, where they met a fierce group called the Picts, whom they drove north.
Sent 7: They consolidated their gains by building Antonine's Wall across the waist of Scotland between the Firth of Forth and the River Clyde in about a.d.
Sent 8: Roman legions encountered the strongholds of the Castle Rock and Arthur's Seat, held by a tribe of ancient Britons known as the Votadini.
Sent 9: Little is recorded about this group, but they were probably the ancestors of the Gododdin, whose feats are told in a seventh-century Old Welsh manuscript.
Sent 10: The capital of the Gododdin was Din Eidyn (the "Fort of Eidyn," almost certainly the Castle Rock), whose name lives on in the Edin- of Edinburgh.
Sent 11: Din Eidyn fell to the Angles in 638 and became part of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria.
Sent 12: It was the first of many times that the Fort of Eidyn would change hands between the kingdoms of the north and the south.
Sent 13: The MacAlpin Kings Four distinct peoples once inhabited the land now known as Scotland: the Picts in the north, the Britons in the southwest, the invading Angles in the southeast, and the Scots in the west.
Sent 14: The Scots were Gaelic-speaking immigrants from the north of Ireland.
Sent 15: Kenneth MacAlpin, who ruled as king of Scots at Dunadd, acquired the Pictish throne in 843, uniting Scotland north of the River Forth into a single kingdom.
Sent 16: He moved his capitalalong with the Stone of Destiny (on which Scottish kings were crowned)to the sacred Pict site of Scone, close to Perth.
Sent 17: His great-great-great-grandson, Malcolm II (10051034), defeated the Angles at the Battle of Carham in 1018 and extended Scottish territory as far south as the River Tweed.
Question: Where is the city of Edinburgh located? How long has the civilization been around?.
[A]: Around the steep, ragged cliff of the Castle Rock, 900 bc.

[Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: How can you describe your location?
Sent 2: You might use a familiar system.
Sent 3: You might say, 'I live at 1234 Main Street, Springfield, Ohio.' You could also say, 'I live right behind the Elementary School.' This method uses the school as a point of reference.
Sent 4: Another example is, I am at the corner of Maple Street and Main Street. Both streets may be a good reference for anyone living in your town.
Sent 5: Scientists must be able to pinpoint a feature they are studying.
Sent 6: Scientists use a special system to describe locations.
Sent 7: They use latitude and longitude as a reference.
Sent 8: Lines of latitude and longitude form a grid.
Sent 9: You may have used a grid system while doing graphing.
Sent 10: This grid is centered on a reference point.
Sent 11: Zero latitude is the equator.
Sent 12: Lines of latitude run east to west.
Sent 13: They divide the Earth from North to South.
Sent 14: Lines of longitude run from north to south.
Sent 15: They divide the Earth from East to West.
Sent 16: Zero longitude runs through Greenwich, England.
Sent 17: You may have heard the term, Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT.
Sent 18: The system of latitude and longitude works well for objects that do not move.
Question: What are some ways besides latitude and longitude in which people describe location?.
[A]: Using a landmark or cross streets as a point of reference.

[Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: Above were just a few things that caused habitat loss or change.
Sent 2: There are many ways in which living organisms can affect their ecosystem.
Sent 3: In some areas, it is because of fire management.
Sent 4: Fire is a natural event, so managing fire correctly is very important.
Sent 5: In other areas, fisherman have taken too many fish from one area.
Sent 6: This places the species at risk of extinction.
Sent 7: It also affects other living things that may rely on these fish for food.
Sent 8: The image below shows a picture of a mine.
Sent 9: Mining changes the Earths surface.
Sent 10: This area may once have been a forest or a prairie.
Sent 11: Think about how many plants and animals may once have lived here.
Sent 12: Now it is a giant hole in the ground.
Sent 13: Pollution is also a major factor in habitat loss and change.
Question: How does mining change the earth's surface?.
[A]:
It causes a giant hole to be present in that area which changes the structure of the surface there.