Problem: Article: The Common Core presents the concept of subtraction as measuring the distance between two points. To demonstrate this to your students, draw a number line ranging from 0 to 10 on the board as a visual. Provide your students with a basic subtraction problem: 9-4=?. Locate the number 4 on your number line. This is your starting point. Locate the number 9 on your number line. This is your final destination. Measure, or count the distance between the two points: "5, 6, 7, 8, 9." The distance is five. Therefore, 9-4=5. When solving a two-digit subtraction problem, explain to your students that there are more stopping points along the way to the final destination. Provide your students with a two-digit subtraction problem: 73-31=?. Locate the number 31 on your number line. This is your starting point. Locate the number 73 on your number line. This is your final destination. "Stop" at the next tens place. Move from 31 to 40. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 9. "Stop" at the tens place nearest 73. Move from 40 to 70. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 30. "Drive" to your final destination. Move from 70 to 73. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 3. Add together the three measurements: 9+30+3=42. Therefore, 73-31=42. When solving a two-digit subtraction problem, explain to your students that in addition to making extra stops, the distance between the stops will be greater. Provide your students with a three-digit subtraction problem: 815-398=?. Locate the number 398 on your number line. This is your starting point. Locate the number 815 on your number line. This is your final destination. "Stop" at the next tens place. Move from 398 to 400. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 2. "Stop" at the hundreds place nearest 815. Move from 400 to 800. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 400. "Stop at the tens place nearest 815. Move from 800 to 810. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 10. "Drive" to your final destination. Move from 810 to 815. Measure the distance and write down the answer: 5. Add together the 4 measurements: 2+400+10+5=417. Therefore, 815-398-417.
Summary: Present the Common Core conceptualization of subtraction. Solve a two-digital subtraction problem. Solve a three-digital subtraction problem.

Problem: Article: Look around you for signs of dream strangeness. Do a reality check, such as looking at your watch or trying to float. Are you dreaming? If your reality check fails, tell yourself you are dreaming. Don't get overexcited, or you might wake up. You might wake up very quickly after the first few times you become lucid in a dream. Practice staying in the dream by focusing on actions in the dream, such as swimming or, yes, flying. Notice where you are, and try moving through it. Doing something active is a good way of increasing lucidity, because you notice physical sensations. Try interacting with the landscape. Ride a bike, run, and try smelling and touching and moving things. Jump up in the air and see if you float. You can try jumping off things and flying away. Once you can float, try moving left, right, and in different postures. The trick is to expect it to work. Your first few lucid dreams, you might have trouble believing in your "ability" to fly. You might even float a little and then sink. This crisis of confidence is not unusual when you are not fully lucid. Remind yourself that it is a dream, and that you can fly because it's your dream. Don't be discouraged if the effort to stay lucid makes you wake up. A first lucid dream is a great sign of future flights to come. Once you are fully lucid (sure that you are dreaming, able to interact with the landscape, convinced you are able to fly), you should be able to fly however you want. Push off the ground toward the sky, or take a running start. If you are in a room, fly around the room and then go out the window. Try for outer space if you are feeling ambitious. You may run into repeated obstacles, such as trees or power lines. Each time you do, practice floating around them, or just go through them. If you start to fall, remind yourself that you can fly in your dream. Remember, you might wake up, but you can't be hurt. It's a dream. To stay lucid, focus on your flight and on the landscape. If your mind wanders, so will your dream. Keep your eye on the earth or sea beneath you, or the stars all around you. Try to challenge yourself to notice everything you can about flying: how does it feel, what is the temperature, what color is the landscape, what does it feel like when you fly through a cloud?
Summary: Realize you are dreaming. Get grounded in the dream. Practice floating. Fly. Stay in the dream.

Problem: Article: Desensitizing your dog to gunfire should take place in a secure area. Do not shoot a gun in an area that is populated with other people, and only use a firearm that you are legally registered to use. Your dog should be secured in a crate. You should be within a dozen feet of your dog's crate while you are shooting. Never shoot your gun into the air, always aim at a target. If they seems frightened, stand farther away from the crate and repeat the exercise. Say calm and encouraging words and reward them with a treat when the exercise is over. The alternative to this process is to have someone else fire a gun at a distance while you give your puppy a treat or toy at the same time the shot is fired. During this process, they will associate the loud noise with something they like and will be less likely to be frightened by it. Over several days, repeat this process until your puppy is no longer startled by the noise. This may take a few weeks if your puppy continues to be startled by the noise. Some dogs are more skittish and bothered by gunfire than others. This process may take repetition over the following days, or weeks.
Summary: Secure your dog. Fire your gun safely at a target. Look at the dog's reaction to the loud noise. Repeat this exercise.

Problem: Article: More important than phone calls and visits is truthfulness. Be open with your friends so they know the real you, even when you aren't so proud of yourself. Friendships can only grow when honesty is present, so always be yourself. Always honor your friends. If others are gossiping about them, either intervene or walk away. Always keep their secrets. If you tell them that you'll do something, do it without having to be reminded. For instance, if you hear someone talking badly about them, say "Hey, Monica is one of my good friends. I'd appreciate it if you didn't speak like that about her." If you do something wrong to your friends, say you're sorry to them. Friendships are bound to run into the occasional conflict, and that's okay. What's not okay is allowing bitterness to fester and poison your relationship. Call them or pull them aside and say something like "I'm so sorry for making that comment about your mom. I wasn't thinking straight. It won't happen again." Friendships thrive when everyone feels valued. Let your friends know what they mean to you. Tell them how thankful you are to have them in your life and compliment them regularly. Boost them and make them feel lucky to have you, too. Take special moments like birthdays to be appreciative, but let them know you love them on regular days, too. Say something like "You're such a great friend. I don't know what I'd do without you. Thanks for always being there for me." Just like you have your imperfections, know that your friends have them, too. Instead of trying to make them think like you about certain issues, accept their differences. This doesn't mean letting them treat you badly, but do know that they are human and unique. For instance, your friend might be in an unhealthy relationship that you're tired of hearing about. Instead of getting mad at them for staying, continue to love and support them.
Summary:
Be honest. Be trustworthy and reliable. Apologize when you mess up. Show appreciation for them. Accept them for who they are.