Please answer the following question: Information: - The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek: , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic. - The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.27billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history of Western civilisation. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. - Pier Leoni (or Pierleone) (died 2 June 1128) was the son of the Jewish convert Leo de Benedicto and founder of the great and important medieval Roman family of the Pierleoni. He was called the Jewish Crassus by Gregorovius. - Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. - Jesus (; c. 4BC c. AD30/33), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity. Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah (Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament. Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically, although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry, preaching his message orally and often being referred to as "rabbi". He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities, and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect. Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God, performed healings, taught in parables and gathered followers. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church. - Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an Antipope who ruled from 1130 to his death, in a schism against the contested, hasty election of Pope Innocent II. - The Roman Republic was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. - Giordano (sometimes anglicized as Jordan) Pierleoni (in contemporary Latin, "Jordanus filius Petrus Leonis") was the son of the Consul Pier Leoni and therefore brother of Antipope Anacletus II and leader of the Commune of Rome which the people set up in 1143. According to Gregorovius, he was a "maverick" in the great Pierleoni family, for he continued to oppose the papacy after Anacletus' death, when the rest of his clan had returned to support of Rome. - The Commune of Rome ( Italian : Comune di Roma ) was an attempt to establish a government like the old Roman Republic in opposition to the temporal power of the higher nobles and the popes beginning in 1144 . The revolutionaries set up a senate on the lines of the ancient one and divided Rome into fourteen regions , each electing four senators for a total of 56 ( though one source , often repeated , gives a total of 50 ) . These senators , the first real senators since the 7th century ( the senatorial title had become a meaningless adjunct title of nobility by then ) , elected as their leader Giordano Pierleoni , son of the Roman consul Pier Leoni with the title patrician , because consul was also a deprecated noble styling . In a pattern that was to become familiar in the communal struggles of Guelfs and Ghibellines , the commune declared allegiance to the more distant power , in this case the Holy Roman Emperor , and initiated negotiations with the newly elected Pope Lucius II , demanding that he renounce Temporal power and take up his office with the functions of a priest . Lucius gathered a force and assaulted the Eternal City , but the republican defenders repulsed his army and he himself died from injuries received when a thrown stone hit him in the head . His successor , Pope Eugene III , could not be consecrated in the city due to the resistance , but eventually came to an agreement with the new civil authority , who had deposed Pierleoni , and returned to Rome on Christmas Day 1145 ; however , in March 1146 he again had to leave . He returned in 1148 and excommunicated Arnold of Brescia , a political theorist who had joined the commune and who was by then its intellectual leader . The Pope lived in Tusculum from 1149 and was not installed as pope in Rome until 1152 . The existence of the Republic was precarious , however , and Eugene 's successor , Adrian IV , convinced Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to lead an army against the city . Arnold was arrested , tried , convicted , and hanged , in 1155 . His... - The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'commune of rome' exhibits the relationship of 'inception'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - 1 - 1138 - 1143 - 1144 - 13 - 2 - 25 - 27 - 30 - 4 - 50 - 500 - march 2013
A:
1143