Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Physiological roles of apelin and its specific receptor APJ signaling were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study determined whether apelin activates myosin light chain (MLC), a major regulatory event in initiating smooth muscle contraction.', 'To assess MLC activation, we performed Western blot and immunohistochemical studies using an antibody against the phospho-MLC. In VSMCs, apelin induces the phosphorylation of MLC in a concentration-dependent manner with a peak at 2 minutes. Pretreatment of VSMCs with pertussis toxin abolishes the apelin-induced phosphorylation of MLC. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF-109203X markedly attenuated the apelin-induced MLC phosphorylation. In addition, methylisobutyl amiloride, a specific inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), and KB-R7943, a potent inhibitor for the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), significantly suppressed the action of apelin. In wild-type mice, apelin phosphorylates MLC in vascular tissue, whereas it had no response in APJ-deficient mice by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Apelin-induced phosphorylation of MLC was accompanied with myosin phosphatase target subunit phosphorylation.

Output: Does apelin stimulate myosin light chain phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells?

Input: Consider Input: To construct phage display library of anti-chymopapain scFv.', 'V(H) and V(L) gene repertoires were amplified from splenocyte mRNA by RT-PCR and joined by a (Gly(4)ser)3 linker to obtain scFv genes. The scFv genes were then cloned into phagemid pFAB5C to construct phage display library. Affinity selection and ELISA were used to identify specific phage antibody to chymopapain.', 'After 4 rounds of panning, high affinity scFv was obtained.

Output: Do [ Construction and identification of anti-chymopapain scFv phage display library ]?

Input: Consider Input: There is an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of left sided adenomas in patients with IBD aged 55-64 years with a local age matched control population.', 'A review of clinical notes. The prevalence of adenomas in patients with IBD attending for either sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy was compared with local age matched controls that participated in the national screening trial for colorectal cancer with flexible sigmoidoscopy.', "Of 106 patients (61 male, 45 female, mean age of 59 years), 80 suffered from ulcerative colitis, 20 from Crohn's disease, and six from indeterminate colitis. All patients had undergone at least one flexible sigmoidoscopy and 75 had a colonoscopy. Distal adenomas were found in three patients with ulcerative colitis compared with 67 of 749 controls (2.8% v 8.9%, chi(2) = 4.6, p = 0.03).
Output: Are distal adenomatous polyps rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?