TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: To determine whether repeat administration of an adenovector (Ad) into the eye results in efficient gene delivery and to test whether transgenes can be expressed from an adenovector expression system in the presence of preexisting, neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies.', 'To assess the efficiency of repeated gene delivery of an adenovector expression system, C57Bl/6 mice received one, two, or three injections (intravitreal [IVT] or periocular [PO]) of AdNull.11D (empty cassette) at 2-week intervals, followed by a single AdLuciferase (AdL.11D) IVT or PO injection. Mice were killed approximately 24 hours after AdL.11D injection and the eyes were enucleated and stored until assayed. Serum samples were also analyzed to determine whether repeated IVT or PO injections lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against an adenovector delivery system. To determine whether preexisting neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies would block transgene expression, mice were preimmunized with one, two, or three intramuscular (IM) injection(s) of AdNull.11D (1 x 10(9) particle units [pu]). Fourteen days later, when systemic anti-Ad antibody titers were expected to exist, mice were given a single AdL.11D injection (IVT or PO) and killed, and the eyes and serum collected.', 'These studies show that multiple injections at 2-week intervals with adenovectors (IM, IVT, or PO) did not prevent transgene expression in the eye. Moreover, measurement of neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers revealed that measurable anti-Ad antibody titers in mice did not ablate transgene expression.\Question: Does repeated administration of adenovector in the eye result in efficient gene delivery?

SOLUTION: These studies suggest that transgene expression after repeated adenovector administration into the eye is feasible and repeated injections, whether given IVT or PO, do not lead to an immediate increase in neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers. Moreover, preimmunization of mice by systemic exposure to adenovector, does not block transgene expression in the eye. These studies indicate that repeat administration of adenovectors (IVT and PO) into the eye can be considered in designing future clinical trials and that the pre-existence of neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies probably does not mitigate activity.

PROBLEM: Context: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex has been shown to modulate pain and trigeminal nociceptive processing.', 'Ten patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were stimulated daily for 20minutes over two weeks using anodal (1mA) or sham tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a randomized double-blind cross-over design. Primary outcome variable was pain intensity on a verbal rating scale (VRS 0-10). VRS and attack frequency were assessed for one month before, during and after tDCS. The impact on trigeminal pain processing was assessed with pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) and the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) following electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead before and after tDCS.', 'Anodal tDCS reduced pain intensity significantly after two weeks of treatment. The attack frequency reduction was not significant. PREP showed an increased N2 latency and decreased peak-to-peak amplitude after anodal tDCS. No severe adverse events were reported.\Question: Does patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia?

SOLUTION: Anodal tDCS over two weeks ameliorates intensity of pain in TN. It may become a valuable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.

PROBLEM: Context: Lysophospholipids, particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, the role of lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) in the onset of atherosclerotic diseases remains uncertain.', 'We investigated the effects of LysoPS on the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and the modulation of inflammatory mediators and ER stress utilizing RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs).', 'We found that LysoPS augmented cholesterol accumulation in both models. Consistent with these findings, LysoPS increased the expression of scavenger receptors (CD36, MSR1, LOX1 and TLR4). Regarding the involvement of these lipids in inflammation, LysoPS significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and MPMs. LysoPS also attenuated ER stress in LPS-untreated RAW264.7 cells. The expression patterns of LysoPS receptors differed considerably among the LPS-untreated RAW264.7 cells, LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and MPMs.\Question: Does lysophosphatidylserine have Bilateral Effects on Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis?

SOLUTION:
LysoPS may have proatherosclerotic properties in the setting of foam cell formation as well as antiatherosclerotic effects on inflammation in macrophages.