Information: - Ipini is a tribe of bark beetles . It is a monophyletic group . Beetles of this tribe specialize on conifers . Many species , such as the six - spined engraver beetle ( Ips sexdentatus ) and the European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus ) , produce galleries in wood for their eggs and larvae . Almost all beetles in this tribe have polygynous mating systems with harems of females . An exception is the monogamous Ips latidens . Genera include : Acanthotomicus Ips Orthotomicus Pityogenes Pityokteines Pseudips - A weevil is a type of beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily. They are usually small, less than , and herbivorous. Over 60,000 species are in several families, mostly in the family Curculionidae (the true weevils). Some other beetles, although not closely related, bear the name "weevil", such as the biscuit weevil ("Stegobium paniceum"), which belongs to the family Anobiidae. - The mountain pine beetle "Dendroctonus ponderosae", is a species of bark beetle native to the forests of western North America from Mexico to central British Columbia. It has a hard black exoskeleton, and measures approximately 5mm, about the size of a grain of rice. - The Curculionidae comprises the family of the "true" weevils (or "snout beetles"). It is one of the largest animal families, with 5,489 genera and 86,100 species described worldwide. - A bark beetle is one of about 220 genera with 6,000 species of beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae. Traditionally, this was considered a distinct family Scolytidae, but is now understood to be very specialized members of the "true weevil" family (Curculionidae). Well-known species are members of the type genus "Scolytus", namely the European elm bark beetle "S. multistriatus" and the large elm bark beetle "S. scolytus", which like the American elm bark beetle "Hylurgopinus rufipes", transmit Dutch elm disease fungi ("Ophiostoma"). The mountain pine beetle "Dendroctonus ponderosae", southern pine beetle "Dendroctonus frontalis", and their near relatives are major pests of conifer forests in North America. A similarly aggressive species in Europe is the spruce ips "Ips typographus". A tiny bark beetle, the coffee berry borer, "Hypothenemus hampei" is a major pest on coffee plantations around the world. - Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native populations of elms that did not have resistance to the disease. It has also reached New Zealand. The name "Dutch elm disease" refers to its identification in 1921 and later in the Netherlands by Dutch phytopathologists Bea Schwarz and Christine Buisman who both worked with Professor Johanna Westerdijk. The disease is not specific to the Dutch elm hybrid. What object entity has the relation of 'parent taxon' with the subject 'ipini'? Choices: - animal - bear - curculionidae - curculionoidea - dendroctonus - fungi - ips - scolytinae - scolytus
scolytinae
(Q).
Information: - A valley is a low area between hills, often with a river running through it. - A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. - The Ibergeregg Pass is a mountain pass at an elevation in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. The pass connects the town of Schwyz and village of Oberiberg, with onward links to Einsiedeln and the Sihlsee. The headwaters of the Minster, a tributary of the Sihl, are nearby, and the pass is flanked by the Alpine peaks of Furggelenstock and Firstspitz. - A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since many of the world's mountain ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel, passes have been important since before recorded history, and have played a key role in trade, war, and migration. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. The highest pass is Mana Pass, located in the Himalayas on the border between India and China. - Einsiedeln is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland known for its monastery, the Benedictine Einsiedeln Abbey. Einsiedeln is also the birthplace of Paracelsus, a Renaissance physician and alchemist who is credited with first naming zinc. - Schwyz is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south, Lake Lucerne to the west and Lake Zurich in the north, centered on and named after the town of Schwyz. - Isentobel is a small valley just behind the Ibergeregg Pass . What object entity has the relation of 'country' with the subject 'isentobel'? Choices: - england - india - switzerland - united states - world
(A).
switzerland