Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Because of greater recognition and improved imaging capabilities, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. IPMNs of the main pancreatic duct cause symptoms and lead to pancreatitis. Side-branch (SB) IPMNs are thought to cause symptoms less frequently, and their association with pancreatitis is not well defined.', 'Our purpose was to ascertain whether an association exists between SB-IPMN and pancreatitis.', 'Single-center, retrospective study.', 'Academic medical center.', 'A total of 305 patients underwent EUS examinations between October 2002 and October 2006 for pancreatic cystic lesions.', 'The main outcome measure was the frequency of acute or chronic pancreatitis that was not procedurally related.', 'Thirty-two patients had SB-IPMNs, and 11 (34%) had pancreatitis. Three patients reported a single episode, and 8 patients reported having recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. Overall, 17 (53%) patients had symptoms possibly attributable to SB-IPMN. Female sex (73% vs 38%) and multiple pancreatic lesions (54% vs 24%) were more commonly seen in those with pancreatitis, but were not statistically significant factors. Larger cyst size or cyst fluid marker levels did not appear associated with pancreatitis occurrence. EUS-FNA demonstrated communication with the pancreatic duct in 94% and thick, mucinous fluid in 84%.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Platelets promote liver regeneration through site-specific serotonin release from dense granules, triggering proliferative signaling in hepatocytes. However, the effects of factors derived from platelet -granules on liver regeneration are unclear, because -granules contain bioactive molecules with opposing functions. Because -granule molecules are stored in separate compartments, it has been suggested that platelets selectively release their -granule content dependent on the environmental stimulus. Therefore, we investigated the pattern of circulating -granule molecules during liver regeneration in 157 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. We measured plasma levels of -granule-derived factors in the liver vein at the end of liver resection, as well as on the first postoperative day. We observed a rapid accumulation of platelets within the liver after induction of liver regeneration. Platelet count and P-selectin (a ubiquitous cargo of -granules) were not associated with postoperative liver dysfunction. However, low plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but high levels of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), predicted liver dysfunction after resection. Patients with an unfavorable postoperative -granule release profile (high TSP-1/low VEGF) showed substantially worse postoperative clinical outcomes. The unfavorable postoperative -granule release profile was associated with increased postoperative portal venous pressure and von Willebrand factor antigen levels as a marker for intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
Acute pain can lead to immune dysfunction, which can be partly ameliorated by successful pain management. Opioids, which are widely used for analgesia, can result in the deterioration of immune function. This study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine with or without flurbiprofen as post-operative analgesics on the immune systems of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.', '60 patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery were equally randomized into two groups. They received post-operative patient-controlled intravenous (IV) analgesia using morphine either with or without flurbiprofen. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Bruggemann comfort scale (BCS) scores, morphine consumption, time of first flatus, incidence of nausea/vomiting, and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, and CD8) and natural killer cells (CD3CD16CD56) were evaluated.', 'No significant difference was observed in the VAS scores, BCS scores, and nausea/vomiting incidence between groups. Less morphine was consumed and the time of first flatus was earlier in patients receiving morphine with flurbiprofen than morphine alone. The expression of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, and CD3CD16CD56 decreased at 2 hours after incision and, except for CD3CD16CD56, returned to baseline at 120 hours after surgery. Moreover, the expression of CD3CD16CD56 at 2 hours after incision and the expression of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, and CD3CD16CD56 at 24 hours after surgery were higher in patients receiving morphine with flurbiprofen than morphine alone.

Ex Output:
1