Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: pH values for several common materials are listed. Q: What can be used to speed up biochemical reactions? A:
OPTIONS:
- proteins
- hormones
- carbohydrates
- enzymes
Answer: enzymes

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 22.1 Introduction Viruses are the smallest biological particle (the tiniest are only 20 nm in diameter). However, they are not biological organisms so they are not classified in any kingdom of living things. They do not have any organelles and cannot respire or perform metabolic functions. Viruses are merely strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective protein coat called a capsid. Viruses only come to life when they have invaded a cell. Outside of a host cell, viruses are completely inert. Since first being identified in 1935, viruses have been classified into more than 160 major groups. Viruses are classified based on their shape, replication properties, and the diseases that they cause. Furthermore, the shape of a virus is determined by the type and arrangement of proteins in its capsid. Viruses pathogenic to humans are currently classified into 21 groups. Viruses can also attack bacteria and infect bacterial cells. Such viruses are called bacteriophages. Q: The shape of a virus is determined by the type and arrangement of proteins in its what? A:
OPTIONS:
- enamel
- anode
- nuclei
- capsid
output: capsid

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like a chemical compound, a mixture consists of more than one chemical substance. Unlike a compound, a mixture does not have a fixed chemical composition. The substances in a mixture can be combined in any proportions. A mixture also does not involve a chemical reaction. Therefore, the substances in a mixture are not changed into unique new substances, and they can be separated from each other without a chemical reaction. Q: What is the term for a combination of substances in which there is no chemical reaction? A:

OPTIONS:
- a combination
- a solute
- a solution
- a mixture

A: a mixture

input: OPTIONS:
- iron lung
- blood pressur control
- assisted breathing
- breathing control Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is only effective if ventilation is matched to blood flow through alveolar capillaries? A:
A:
output: breathing control

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Biological Carbon Cycle Living organisms are connected in many ways, even between ecosystems. A good example of this connection is the exchange of carbon between heterotrophs and autotrophs within and between ecosystems by way of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the basic building block that autotrophs use to build multi-carbon, high-energy compounds, such as glucose. The energy harnessed from the Sun is used by these organisms to form the covalent bonds that link carbon atoms together. These chemical bonds store this energy for later use in the process of respiration. Most terrestrial autotrophs obtain their carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere, while marine autotrophs acquire it in the dissolved form (carbonic acid, HCO3). However the carbon dioxide is acquired, a byproduct of fixing carbon in organic compounds is oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms are responsible for maintaining approximately 21 percent of the oxygen content of the atmosphere that we observe today. The partners in biological carbon exchange are the heterotrophs (especially the primary consumers, largely herbivores). Heterotrophs acquire the high-energy carbon compounds from the autotrophs by consuming them and breaking them down by respiration to obtain cellular energy, such as ATP. The most efficient type of respiration, aerobic respiration, requires oxygen obtained from the atmosphere or dissolved in water. Thus, there is a constant exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the autotrophs (which need the carbon) and the heterotrophs (which need the oxygen). Autotrophs also respire and consume the organic molecules they form: using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. They release more oxygen gas as a waste product of photosynthesis than they use for their own respiration; therefore, there is excess available for the respiration of other aerobic organisms. Gas exchange through the atmosphere and water is one way that the carbon cycle connects all living organisms on Earth. The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle The... Q: What do marine autotrophs acquire in carbonic acid, its dissolved form? A:

OPTIONS:
- silicon dioxide
- chlorine dioxide
- carbon monoxide
- carbon dioxide

Answer: carbon dioxide

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Elemental bromine gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine. The other product is sodium chloride. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: What gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine? A:

OPTIONS:
- Molecular Bromine Gas
- photons bromine gas
- gaseous bromine gas
- elemental bromine gas

A:
elemental bromine gas