Answer the following question given this paragraph: Diuretics and Fluid Volume A diuretic is a compound that increases urine volume. Three familiar drinks contain diuretic compounds: coffee, tea, and alcohol. The caffeine in coffee and tea works by promoting vasodilation in the nephron, which increases GFR. Alcohol increases GFR by inhibiting ADH release from the posterior pituitary, resulting in less water recovery by the collecting duct. In cases of high blood pressure, diuretics may be prescribed to reduce blood volume and, thereby, reduce blood pressure. The most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive diuretic is hydrochlorothiazide. It inhibits the Na+/ Cl symporter in the DCT and collecting duct. The result is a loss of Na+ with water following passively by osmosis. Osmotic diuretics promote water loss by osmosis. An example is the indigestible sugar mannitol, which is most often administered to reduce brain swelling after head injury. However, it is not the only sugar that can produce a diuretic effect. In cases of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, glucose levels exceed the capacity of the tubular glucose symporters, resulting in glucose in the urine. The unrecovered glucose becomes a powerful osmotic diuretic. Classically, in the days before glucose could be detected in the blood and urine, clinicians identified diabetes mellitus by the three Ps: polyuria (diuresis), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). Q: What kind of compound, contained in coffee and alcohol, increases urine volume? A:
OPTIONS:
- anabolic
- acid
- additive
- diuretic

Answer: diuretic

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The molecule pictured above is thyroxine, a compound produced by the thyroid gland. This molecule regulates how the body uses energy. In a condition known as hypothyroidism, the thyroid makes less thyroxine than normal. A person with this disease feels tired all the time and often puts on weight. Treatment with thyroid hormone supplements takes care of the problem. Q: The molecule pictured above is thyroxine, a compound produced by which gland? A:
OPTIONS:
- stomach
- kidney
- gallbladder
- thyroid
Answer: thyroid

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The human species evolved during the Cenozoic Era. The scientific name of the human species is Homo sapiens. Q: What is the scientific name for the human species? A:
OPTIONS:
- primate
- homo erectus
- Neanderthal
- homo sapiens
output: homo sapiens

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Near the time of birth, the amniotic sac breaks in a gush of fluid. Labor usually begins within a day of this event. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus, which cause the cervix to dilate. With the mother's help, the contractions eventually push the fetus out of the uterus and through the vagina. Within seconds of birth, the umbilical cord is cut. Without this connection to the placenta, the baby cannot exchange gases, so carbon dioxide quickly builds up in the baby's blood. This stimulates the brain to trigger breathing, and the newborn takes its first breath. Q: During labor, what do contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus cause? A:

OPTIONS:
- spontaneous abortion
- excretion
- premature birth
- cervical dilation

A: cervical dilation

input: OPTIONS:
- lysosomes
- telomeres
- sporozoans
- autsomes Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Animals and most plants have two special chromosomes. They are called sex chromosomes . These are chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism. All of the other chromosomes are called autosomes . Genes on sex chromosomes may be inherited differently than genes on autosomes. Q: What term describes all but the sex chromosomes? A:
A:
output: autsomes

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Although renewable, soil takes a very long time to formup to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use, and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow away in the 1930s during the Dust Bowl (see Figure below ). Soil must be used wisely to preserve it for the future. Conservation practices include contour plowing and terracing. Both reduce soil erosion. Soil also must be protected from toxic wastes. Q: What kind of a resource is soil, for human purposes? A:
OPTIONS:
- renewable resource
- guarana resource
- emanates resource
- nonrenewable resource
Answer:
nonrenewable resource