Premise:
"But fashion has been without honor in the English-speaking world for so long that we are afraid to take it seriously--solemnly, yes, as we take so many things, but not with ordinary seriousness."
Hypothesis: Fashion is the pinnacle of living for people who speak English.

no

Premise:
"For example, assigning the cost of power to machine activities by machine hours is an allocation because machine hours are an indirect measure of power consumption."
Hypothesis: Power consumption is indirectly related to machine hours.

yes

Premise:
"A job dealing with employee training might have as themes decisions about training needs, how employees are selected for training, how course quality is monitored, or how employees and supervisors view the purpose of training."
Hypothesis: A job dealing with employee training will not have decisions about training needs as a possible theme.
no