Write an article based on this "Understand the difference between "pitch" and "note. Understand the difference between "timbre" and "tone. Assign names to notes. Organize a series of notes into a scale. Use sharps and flats to raise and lower note pitches."
article: " These terms describe qualities of musical sounds. Although the terms are related, they are used somewhat differently. "Pitch" refers to the sensation of lowness or highness associated with the frequency of a given sound. The greater the frequency, the higher the pitch. The frequency difference between any two pitches is called an "interval." "Note" refers to a named range of pitches. The standard frequency for A above middle C is 440 hertz, but some orchestras use a slightly different standard, such as 443 hertz, to produce a brighter sound. Most people can determine whether a note sounds right when played against another note or in part of a series of notes in a piece of music they recognize. This is called "relative pitch." A few people possess "absolute pitch" or "perfect pitch," which is the ability to identify a given pitch without hearing a reference pitch. " These sound terms are generally used with respect to musical instruments. "Timbre" refers to the combination of primary pitch (fundamental) and secondary pitches (overtones) that sound whenever a musical instrument plays a note. When you pluck the low E string on an acoustic guitar, you actually hear not only the low E note, but also additional pitches at frequencies that are multiples of the low E frequency. The combination of these sounds, which are also collectively called "harmonics," are what makes one instrument sound different from another kind of instrument. "Tone" is a somewhat more nebulous term. It refers to the effect the combination of fundamental and secondary harmonics have on the listener's ear. Adding more high-pitched harmonics to the timbre of a note produces a brighter or sharper tone, while damping them produces a more mellow tone. "Tone" also refers to an interval between two pitches, also called a whole step. Half this interval is called a "semitone" or half-step. Music notes can be named in several ways. Two methods are commonly used in most of the Western world. Letter names: Notes of certain frequencies are assigned letter names. In English and Dutch-speaking countries, the letters run from A to G. In German-speaking countries, however, "B" is used for the B-flat note (the black piano key between the A and B keys), and an "H" is used to represent the B-natural note (the white B key on a piano). Solfeggio (also called "solfege" or "solfeo"): This system, familiar to fans of ''The Sound of Music,'' assigns one-syllable names to notes according to their successive positions within a scale. The original system developed by 11th century monk Guido d'Arezzo used "ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si," taken from the first words of lines in a chant to St. John the Baptist. Over time, "ut" was replaced with "do," while some shorten "sol" to "so" and sing "ti" instead of "si." (Some parts of the world use the solfeggio names the way the Western world uses letter names.) A scale is a series of successive intervals between pitches such that the highest pitch is at twice the frequency of the lowest pitch. This range is called an octave. These are some of the common scales: A full chromatic scale uses 12 half-step intervals. Playing an octave on the piano from middle C to the C above middle C, sounding all the white and black keys in between, produces a chromatic scale. Other scales are more restricted forms of this scale. A major scale uses seven intervals: The first and second are whole steps; the third is a half-step; the fourth, fifth, and sixth are whole steps; and the seventh is a half-step. Playing an octave on the piano from middle C to the C above, sounding only the white keys, is an example of a major scale. A minor scale also uses seven intervals. The most common form is the natural minor scale. Its first interval is a whole step, but the second is a half-step, the third and fourth are whole steps, the fifth is a half-step, and the sixth and seventh are whole steps. Playing an octave on the piano from A below middle C to A above middle C, sounding only the white keys, is an example of a natural minor scale. A pentatonic scale uses five intervals. The first interval is a whole step, the next is three half-steps, the third and fourth are each a whole step, and the fifth is three half-steps. (In the key of C, this means the notes used are C, D, F, G, A, and C again.) You can also play a pentatonic scale by playing only the black keys between middle C and high C on a piano. Pentatonic scales are used in African, East Asian, and Native American music, as well as in folk music. The lowest note in the scale is called the "key." Usually, songs are written such that the last note of the song is the key note; a song written in the key of C almost always ends on the note C. A key name typically also includes whether the song is played under a major or minor scale; when the scale isn't named, it's understood to be the major scale. Sharps and flats raise and lower the pitches of notes by a half-step. They are necessary when playing in keys other than C-major or A-minor to keep the interval patterns for major and minor scales correct. Sharps and flats are indicated in lines of written music with symbols called accidentals. A sharp symbol, which resembles the hashtag (#), placed in front of a note raises its pitch by a half-step. In the keys of G-major and E-minor, the F is raised by a half-step to become F-sharp. A flat symbol, which resembles a pointed lowercase "b," placed in front of a note lowers its pitch by a half-step. In the keys of F-major and D-minor, the B is lowered by a half-step to become B-flat. For the sake of convenience, the notes that must always be sharped or flatted in a particular key are indicated at the beginning of each line in the music staff in the key signature. Accidentals then have to be used only for notes outside the major or minor key the song is written in. When accidentals are used this way, they apply only to occurrences of that note before the vertical line that separates measures. A natural symbol, which looks like a vertical parallelogram with a vertical line extending up and down from two of its vertices, is used in front of any note that would be otherwise be sharped or flatted to show that it shouldn't be at that place in the song. Naturals never appear in key signatures, but a natural can cancel the effect of a sharp or flat used within a measure.

Write an article based on this "With these needs in mind, compare prices on laptops with the features you want. Come up with an offer or bargain. Come up with practical reasons for a laptop. Plan to use the laptop for hobbies and skills. Show moderation in your computer usage. Put your offer in writing."
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Try looking at the refurbished or used laptops that brands and retailers sell for very reduced prices. Create your own comparison chart of prices and features of several possible laptops, or find and print one from online to show your parents that you've given this a lot of thought and research. Consider what you can do in exchange for your parents buying you a laptop. Promise good grades on your next report card, a certain amount of chores per week or month, or another goal you know your parents would like to see you achieve. Try coming up with a specific goal that you can stick with and achieve. When you talk to your parents, you can say, "I'll get a better grade in English next semester," or something that you know could use improvement and that you think you can achieve. Think of all the ways that a laptop would make your life easier or more successful. When the time comes to talk to your parents, point out to them your practical reasons to have one, as well as the benefits of a laptop over a desktop, like portability, convenience, and that it doesn't take up space. For school, think of how you could use a laptop to take notes (if allowed), to bring to study groups or tutoring, or to access online libraries and other reference resources. If you're off to college in the near future, you can point out to your parents that you will need a laptop for notes, research, and to make video calls home! Some students actually do better in school with laptops if they have a very slow handwriting speed or other difficulty taking notes. If you struggle with this, use this in the argument you bring to your parents. Think of an argument for how you can use a laptop to cultivate useful talents and beneficial hobbies. Want to get into graphic design? Computer coding? Writing? You need a laptop to learn and practice these skills that could later become jobs. Show your parents that there are lots of educational resources for free online that you would be able access on a laptop and have more time and freedom to use than on a school or family computer. Display to your parents that you don't use your current family or personal computer too often, so you won't be on your own laptop all the time. Commit to cutting down on your screen time, if necessary, in advance of talking to your parents, so that you can point out to them your good habits when you sit down to talk. Try getting on the computer for only a half an hour at a time, or only when all your homework is done at the end of the day. Compile all your research, reasoning, and offers for a laptop and write them down neatly or type them up into a document to print out for your parents. Show them you are responsible, have given this a lot of thought, and are willing to stick to your goals to own your own laptop. You can even create your own "contract" or agreement for whatever you offer in exchange for a laptop, so you can track your progress and let your parents hold you to your goals.