input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 5.2 Layers of Skin The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis, made of closely packed epithelial cells, and the dermis, made of dense, irregular connective tissue that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures. Beneath the dermis lies the hypodermis, which is composed mainly of loose connective and fatty tissues. Q: The epidermis is made of which closely packed cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- cancer cells
- nerve cells
- muscle cells
- epithelial cells
output: epithelial cells

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Human overpopulation, which is crowding out other species. It also makes all the other causes of extinction worse. Q: What phenomenon is crowding out other species and making all the other causes of extinction worse? A:

OPTIONS:
- climate change
- human suburbanization
- migration
- human overpopulation

A: human overpopulation

input: OPTIONS:
- liquids
- nuclei
- particles
- membrane Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Phospholipids and some proteins move laterally within what? A:
A:
output: membrane

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In eukaryotic cells, the start of transcription is one of the most complicated parts of gene regulation. There may be many regulatory proteins and regulatory elements involved. Regulation may also involve enhancers. Enhancers are distant regions of DNA that can loop back to interact with a gene's promoter. Q: Which is one of the most complicated parts of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells? A:

OPTIONS:
- middle of transcription
- aftermath of transcription
- end of transcription
- start of transcription

Answer: start of transcription

Problem: OPTIONS:
- fuel
- food
- light
- energy
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 46 1 Figure 46.8 According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Eventually, all energy consumed by living systems is lost as heat or used for respiration, and the total energy output of the system must equal the energy that went into it. 3 Figure 46.17 C: Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrites (NO2). 4 D 6 B 8 A 10 D 12 D 14 B 16 A 18 A 20 C 21 Food webs show interacting groups of different species and their many interconnections with each other and the environment. Food chains are linear aspects of food webs that describe the succession of organisms consuming one another at defined trophic levels. Food webs are a more accurate representation of the structure and dynamics of an ecosystem. Food chains are easier to model and use for experimental studies. 23 Grazing food webs have a primary producer at their base, which is either a plant for terrestrial ecosystems or a phytoplankton for aquatic ecosystems. The producers pass their energy to the various trophic levels of consumers. At the base of detrital food webs are the decomposers, which pass this energy to a variety of other consumers. Detrital food webs are important for the health of many grazing food webs because they eliminate dead and decaying organic material, thus, clearing space for new organisms and removing potential causes of disease. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers also make mineral nutrients available to primary producers; this process is a vital link in nutrient cycling. 25 NPE measures the rate at which one trophic level can use and make biomass from what it attained in the previous level, taking into account respiration, defecation, and heat loss. Endotherms have high metabolism and generate a lot of body heat. Although this gives them advantages in their activity level in colder temperatures, these organisms are 10 times less efficient at harnessing the energy from the food they eat compared with cold-blooded animals, and thus have to eat more and... Q: According to the first law of thermodynamics, what can neither be created nor destroyed? A:
Answer: energy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cells you have learned about so far are much smaller than the period at the end of this sentence, so they are normally measured on a very small scale. The smallest prokaryotic cell currently known has a diameter of only 400 nm. Eukaryotic cells normally range between 1 100m in diameter. The mouse cells in Figure above are about 10 m in diameter. One exception, however, is eggs . Eggs contain the largest known single cell, and the ostrich egg is the largest of them all. The ostrich egg in Figure above is over 10,000 times larger than the mouse cell. Q: What kind of structure contains the largest known single cell? A:

OPTIONS:
- proteins
- Ovaries
- sperm
- egg

Answer:
egg