Question: Merill has twice as many marbles as Elliot and the two of them together have five fewer marbles than Selma. If Selma has fifty marbles, how many marbles does Merill have?
Answer: If Selma has fifty marbles, then Merill and Elliot together have 50 - 5 = 45 marbles. We'll assume the number of marbles that Elliot has is x. If Merill has twice as many marbles as Elliot, then the total number of marbles that Merill and Elliot have together is 2x + x = 45 marbles. This translates to 3x = 45. The number of marbles that Elliot has is x = 45 / 3. This means Elliot has x = 15 marbles. Since Merill has twice as many marbles as Elliot, Merill has 2 * 15 = 30 marbles. The answer is 30.

Question: Sandi had $600. She spent half of it at a farmer's market. Gillian spent $150 more than three times Sandi's total. What is the total that Gillian spent at the farmer's market?
Answer: Sandi spent 600 / 2 = 300 dollars at the farmer's market. Gillian spent 300 * 3 + 150 = 1050 dollars at the farmer's market. The answer is 1050.

Question: John's cow weighs 400 pounds. It increased its weight to 1.5 times its starting weight. He is able to sell the cow for $3 per pound. How much more is it worth after gaining the weight?
Answer: The cow initially weighs 400 * 1.5 = 600 pounds. So it gained 600 - 400 = 200 pounds. So its value increased by 200 * $3 = $600. The answer is 600.

Question: Mr. Williams bought 10 gallons of juice for a party. Each gallon has 10 cups. At the party, 5 cups of juice were left. How many cups of juice were drunk?
Answer:
Mr. Williams bought 10 x 10 = 100 cups of juice. Since 5 cups were left, then 100 - 5 = 95 cups were drunk. The answer is 95.