Q: The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at ), otherwise known as the SmootHawley Tariff or HawleySmoot Tariff, was an act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930. The act raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.

The tariffs (this does not include duty-free imports see "Tariff levels" below) under the act were the second-highest in the U.S. in 100 years, exceeded by a small margin by the Tariff of 1828. The Act and following retaliatory tariffs by America's trading partners helped reduce American exports and imports by more than half during the Depression. Although economists disagree by how much, the consensus view among economists and economic historians is that "The passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff exacerbated the Great Depression."

In 1922, Congress passed the FordneyMcCumber Tariff act which increased tariffs on imports.

The League of Nations' World Economic Conference met at Geneva in 1927, concluding in its final report: "the time has come to put an end to tariffs, and to move in the opposite direction." Vast debts and reparations could only be repaid through gold, services or goods; but the only items available on that scale were goods. However, many of the delegates' governments did the opposite, starting in 1928 when France passed a new tariff law and quota system.

Answer the following questions:
1. What do experts say exacerbated the Great Depression?
2. What is another name for The Tariff Act of 1930?
3. Who sponsored it?
4. What did Congress pass in 1922?
5. When was The Tariff Act signed into law?
6. What conference met in 1927?
7. About how many goods did The Tariff Act raise tariffs on?
8. What did France do in 1928?
9. What was The Tariff Act exactly?
10. Did it included duty-free imports?
A: 1. The passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff
2. the SmootHawley Tariff or HawleySmoot Tariff
3. Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley
4. FordneyMcCumber Tariff act
5. on June 17, 1930
6. The League of Nations' World Economic Conference
7. over 20,000
8. passed a new tariff law and quota system.
9. an act implementing protectionist trade policies
10. no
Q: I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention.Finally,the driver,a man about 60,looked up from behind the wheel and apologized,"I'm sorry,but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough.

Since I was in no hurry,I told him to finish his letter.He shook his head,explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart.Curious,I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild."This isn't family,"he replied."though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family.Old Ed and I grew up together."

They were always friends.But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago,it'd generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them.A couple of weeks ago,Ed died."I should have kept in touch." He repeated this,more to himself than to me.To comfort him,I said sometimes we just didn't seem to find the time."But we used to find the time," he said."Take a look." He handed the letter over to me.

The first sentence "I've been meaning to write for some time,but I've always delayed it." reminded me of myself.It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together.When I read the part where it said "Your friendship really means a lot to me,more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that",I found myself nodding in agreement.

We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: "So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you." And it was ended with "Your Old Friend, Tom."

"I thought your friend's name was Ed," I said.

"I'm Tom," he explained. "It's a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he'd died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner." His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.

When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away.I had to write a letter and post it.

Answer the following questions:
1. What was the man riding in?
2. How old was the man driving?
3. What was he doing?
4. How did he sound?
5. How long ago did he move?
6. What holiday did they have contact on every year?
7. What did he say his friends name was at first?
8. What did he claim his friends name was later?
9. What is the drivers name?
10. Who wrote the letter?
A: 1. a taxi
2. about 60
3. reading a letter
4. as if he had a cold
5. 30 years ago
6. Christmas
7. Ed
8. Tom
9. Tom
10. the driver
Q: Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of "motor" and "town", has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the "Billboard" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969.

Following the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967, and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy began relocating Motown to Los Angeles. The move was completed in 1972 and Motown expanded into television and film production, remaining an independent company until June 28, 1988. The company was then sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records' successor, Universal Music Group, when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.

Answer the following questions:
1. what company did Berry start?
2. when?
3. what is it now known as?
4. when did it change?
5. how did the name originate?
6. from what city?
7. is that also a name for that city?
8. what did Motown help with?
9. how?
10. what brand was used outside the US?
11. what style of music did they create?
12. how many top 10 hits were produced early on?
A:
1. Tamla Records
2. January 12, 1959
3. Motown Record Corporation
4. April 14, 1960
5. a mix of "motor" and "town"
6. Detroit
7. Yes
8. the racial integration of popular music
9. as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.
10. Tamla Motown
11. soul music with a distinct pop influence
12. 79 records