TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
PROBLEM: passage: Fold change is so-called as it is common to describe an increase of multiple X as an ''X-fold increase''. As such, several dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster Dictionary, as well as Collins's Dictionary of Mathematics, define ''-fold'' to mean ''times,'' as in ''2-fold'' = ''2 times'' = ''double.'' Likely because of this definition, many scientists use not only ''fold'' but also ''fold change'' to be synonymous with ''times'', as in ''3-fold larger'' = ''3 times larger.''. More ambiguous is fold decrease, where for instance a decrease of 50% between two measurements would generally be referred to a ''half-fold change'' rather than a ''2-fold decrease''.
question: is 5 fold the same as 5 times?

SOLUTION: Yes

PROBLEM: passage: In the United States, although the legality of headlight flashing varies from state to state, a federal court ruled that flashing headlights was a constitutionally protected form of speech, issuing an injunction prohibiting a police department from citing or prosecuting drivers who flash their lights to warn of radar and speed traps.
question: is it against the law to flash your lights?

SOLUTION: No

PROBLEM: passage: There is some debate as to whether dewclaws should be surgically removed. The argument for removal states that dewclaws are a weak digit, barely attached to the leg, and thus they can rip partway off or easily catch on something and break, which can be painful and prone to infection. Dewclaw removal is most easily performed when the dog is young, around 2--5 days of age. It can also be performed on older dogs if necessary though the surgery may be more difficult then. The surgery is fairly straightforward and may be done with local anesthetics if the digit is not well connected to the leg. Many dogs can't resist licking the surgery site in the weeks following the procedure, so an Elizabethan collar or bitterant may be used to curtail this behavior, thus preventing infection.
question: do dogs have to have their dew claws removed?

SOLUTION:
No