Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: The clinical value of oesophageal histology in non-complicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is controversial. Our aim was to explore the role of histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up in GORD.', 'From 40 patients 2 histopathologists graded and scored 191 oesophageal biopsies in a blinded manner to evaluate inter- and intraobserver variation pre- and postoperatively. Correlation between preoperative histology and objective clinical findings (endoscopy, esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring, and manometry) was calculated as well.', 'Pathologist I interpreted 16 (50%) preoperative biopsies as normal, 5 (16%) with mild, 4 (12.5%) moderate, and 7 (21.9%) severe reflux changes. Pathologist II interpreted 11 (35.5%) preoperative biopsies as normal, 11 (35.5%) with mild, 6 (19.4%) moderate, and 3 (9.7%) severe reflux changes. In preoperative biopsies, interobserver variation was 33.8% and intraobserver variation 9.7%. A positive correlation was detectable between preoperative endoscopic and morphologic findings; no correlation existed between either acid reflux or LES pressure and oesophageal morphology. Normal pH monitoring and fundic wrap were noted postoperatively in all cases. In postoperative histology no significant differences according to pathologist I existed when compared with preoperative changes: 22 normal (69%), 7 mild (22%), 1 moderate (3.1%), and 2 severe (6.3%). Compared to preoperative analysis, pathologist II interpreted 24 (77%, p = 0.001) of the postoperative findings as normal, 1 (3%, p = 0.003) as mild, 4 (12.9%, n.s.) as moderate, and 2 (6.5% n.s.) as severe reflux changes. In postoperative biopsies interobserver variation was 21.1% and intraobserver variation 5.6%.
Answer: The role of oesophageal histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of GORD may be considered limited.

Answer: Is oesophageal histology in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease of minor pre- and postoperative diagnostic value?

Question: Context: Many bacterial meningitis patients experience neurological or neuropsychological sequelae, predominantly deficits in short-term memory, learning, and attention. Neuropsychological symptoms after viral meningitis are observed less frequently. Sleep disturbance has been reported after both viral and bacterial meningitis.', 'To examine systematically the frequency and extent of sleep disturbance in meningitis patients.', 'Eighty six viral or bacterial meningitis (onset of acute disease at least 1 year previously) patients were examined using two standardised questionnaires (Schlaffragebogen B and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) in conjunction with a standardised neurological examination, and compared to a control group of 42 healthy age-matched volunteers.', 'Patients after both viral and bacterial meningitis described their sleep as reduced in quality and less restful than that of healthy control subjects; both patient groups had a pathological mean PSQI total score. Impaired sleep scores after meningitis were not correlated to either the Glasgow Coma Scale or the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Moreover, no relationship between residual neurological dysfunction or depressivity and sleep quality was observed.
Answer: Impaired sleep is a long-term consequence of meningitis. Additional, so far undetermined, factors other than the severity of concomitant neurological deficits are responsible for the development of this sequela.

Answer: Are sleep disorders long-term sequelae of both bacterial and viral meningitis?

Question: Context: Endoscopic resection is becoming a well-established treatment option for patients with colloid cysts of the third ventricle. A disadvantage of this approach is the decreased ability to resect cysts in their entirety. Correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and cyst content could potentially help surgeons decide on the extent of resection and approach. We attempted to identify a correlation between patients' MRI imaging patterns and difficult cyst removal, post-operative adverse outcomes and the need for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, in order to detect markers that may affect pre-surgical planning.", "A retrospective examination of all patients' records that underwent a colloid cyst excision attempt at our institution between 2001 and 2014, and which had a minimum 1-year follow-up was compiled.", 'Of the 25 patients fulfilling the criteria, we found cysts with a low T2 signal, specifically when combined with high T1 signal, to be significantly correlated with piecemeal, difficult removals. Correlation was also found between high T2 signal cysts and pre-operative hydrocephalus. Among patients that had pre-existing hydrocephalus, those that required a piecemeal removal possessed a strong trend towards a need for subsequent shunting.
Answer: We found specific MRI features suggestive of difficult cyst excision. In a subgroup of patients with pre-operative hydrocephalus and imaging features suggestive of difficult removal, significantly higher rates of shunting were observed. We therefore recommend an open approach in cases of low T2, high T1 signal cysts with a diameter of over 15mm, or CSF shunting in poor surgical candidates. Smaller cysts, with a low T1 signal, a high T2 signal and pre-operative hydrocephalus, constitute a subgroup in which we recommend endoscopic intervention as the procedure of choice.

Answer:
Do mRI features have a role in pre-surgical planning of colloid cyst removal?