Answer the following question given this paragraph: The visceral mass in the shelled species is characteristically twisted and the foot is modified for crawling. Most gastropods bear a head with tentacles that support eyes. A complex radula is used to scrape food particles from the substrate. The mantle cavity encloses the ctenidia as well as a pair of nephridia. The class Cephalopoda ("head foot" animals) includes octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus. Cephalopods include shelled and reduced-shell groups. They display vivid coloration, typically seen in squids and octopuses, which is used for camouflage. The ability of some octopuses to rapidly adjust their colors to mimic a background pattern or to startle a predator is one of the more awe-inspiring feats of these animals. All animals in this class are predators and have beaklike jaws. All cephalopods have a well-developed nervous system, complex eyes, and a closed circulatory system. The foot is lobed and developed into tentacles and a funnel, which is used for locomotion. Suckers are present on the tentacles in octopuses and squid. Ctenidia are enclosed in a large mantle cavity and are serviced by large blood vessels, each with its own heart. Cephalopods (Figure 15.27) are able to move quickly via jet propulsion by contracting the mantle cavity to forcefully eject a stream of water. Cephalopods have separate sexes, and the females of some species care for the eggs for an extended period of time. Although the shell is much reduced and internal in squid and cuttlefish, and absent altogether in octopus, nautilus live inside a spiral, multi-chambered shell that is filled with gas or water to regulate buoyancy. Q: What class of animals, translated as "head foot", includes octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus? A:

OPTIONS:
- mollusks
- crustaceans
- bivalves
- cephalopods

Answer: cephalopods

Problem: OPTIONS:
- moisture and elevation
- pressure and temperature
- time and temperature
- temperature and moisture
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by temperature and moisture. Plants are the primary producers. Examples of terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, and tundra. Q: What are terrestrial biomes determined by? A:
Answer: temperature and moisture

Problem:OPTIONS:
- variation
- evaluation
- evacuation
- observation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Science rests on evidence and logic, so it deals only with things that can be observed. An observation is anything that is detected either through human senses or with instruments and measuring devices that extend human senses. Things that cannot be observed or measured by current meanssuch as supernatural beings or eventsare outside the bounds of science. Consider these two questions about life on Earth:. Q: What term means anything that is detected either through human senses or with instruments and measuring devices that extend human senses? A:
****
A: observation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phylogenetic Trees Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evolutionary past since one cannot go back to confirm the proposed relationships. In other words, a "tree of life" can be constructed to illustrate when different organisms evolved and to show the relationships among different organisms (Figure 20.2). Unlike a taxonomic classification diagram, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history. Many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. Scientists call such trees rooted, which means there is a single ancestral lineage (typically drawn from the bottom or left) to which all organisms represented in the diagram relate. Notice in the rooted phylogenetic tree that the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryadiverge from a single point and branch off. The small branch that plants and animals (including humans) occupy in this diagram shows how recent and miniscule these groups are compared with other organisms. Unrooted trees don't show a common ancestor but do show relationships among species. Q: What tool do scientist's use to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms? A:
OPTIONS:
- conceptual tree
- superficial tree
- photogenetic tree
- phylogenetic tree
phylogenetic tree

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Now consider what observer B sees happen to observer A. Observer B perceives light from the right reaching observer A before light from the left, because she has moved towards that flash lamp, lessening the distance the light must travel and reducing the time it takes to get to her. Light travels at speed c relative to both observers, but observer B remains equidistant between the points where the flashes were emitted, while A gets closer to the emission point on the right. From observer B's point of view, then, there is a time interval between the arrival of the flashes to observer A. From observer B's point of view, then, there is a time interval between the arrival of the flashes to observer A. In observer A's frame of reference, the flashes occur at different times. Observer B measures the flashes to arrive simultaneously relative to him but not relative to A. Now consider what observer A sees happening. She sees the light from the right arriving before light from the left. Since both lamps are the same distance from her in her reference frame, from her perspective, the right flash occurred before the left flash. Here a relative velocity between observers affects whether two events are observed to be simultaneous. Simultaneity is not absolute This illustrates the power of clear thinking. We might have guessed incorrectly that if light is emitted simultaneously, then two observers halfway between the sources would see the flashes simultaneously. But careful analysis shows this not to be the case. Einstein was brilliant at this type of thought experiment (in German, "Gedankenexperiment"). He very carefully considered how an observation is made and disregarded what might seem obvious. The validity of thought experiments, of course, is determined by actual observation. The genius of Einstein is evidenced by the fact that experiments have repeatedly confirmed his theory of relativity. In summary: Two events are defined to be simultaneous if an observer measures them as occurring at the same time (such as by... Q: The validity of thought experiments, of course, is determined by this? A:
OPTIONS:
- predictive observation
- theoretical observation
- hypothetical observation
- actual observation

Answer: actual observation

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Because chemical changes result in different substances, they often cannot be undone. Some chemical changes can be reversed, but only by other chemical changes. Q: By what kind of change can a chemical change be reversed? A:
OPTIONS:
- another carbon change
- another thermal change
- another radioactive change
- another chemical change
output:
another chemical change