In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: In Crohn's disease (CD), rapid response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improves short- and medium-term outcomes, but the relationship between early remission (ER) and long-term remission is unclear.", 'This exploratory analysis of PRECiSE 3 (NCT00160524) assessed whether ER after initiation of certolizumab pegol predicted long-term remission.', 'Patients enrolled in PRECiSE 3 had completed PRECiSE 1 or 2, two randomized placebo-controlled studies for moderate to severe CD, and received open-label certolizumab pegol 400mg every 4 weeks for a total treatment duration of 7.5 years. Time to loss of remission between patients with and without ER (Harvey-Bradshaw Index 4 at or before Week 6 of PRECiSE 1 or 2) was compared by log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier estimates.', 'At baseline, patients with (n=242) and without (n=148) ER had mean (standard deviation [SD]) durations of CD of 6.8 (6.6) and 7.4 (7.8) years, mean (SD) CD Activity Index scores of 280.3 (53.4) and 311.1 (55.5), with 45.5% and 41.9% of patients having ileocolonic CD, and median C-reactive protein concentrations of 8.0 and 5.0mg/L, respectively. Median certolizumab pegol plasma concentrations during the first 6 weeks of therapy were similar in both groups. Mean time to loss of remission was significantly longer in patients with versus without ER (2.77 vs. 1.14 years, p<0.0001).\Question: Does early remission status predict long-term outcomes in patients with Crohn 's disease treated with certolizumab pegol?
In certolizumab pegol-treated patients with CD, ER appears to be an important predictor of long-term clinical remission. Prospective trials are needed to determine whether ER improves other long-term outcomes.

Context: This study was conducted to determine if there was an increase in the urinary excretion of fluoride, after the use of fluoride mouth rinses in children.', 'The sample consisted of 58 children aged 5-8 years, randomly selected, residents in non-fluoridated water areas. Urine samples were collected prior to mouthwash and also 2 hours after use. The control sample, which received no treatment, consisted of 16 children of equivalent age and from the same community. Urinary excretion of fluoride was analysed by determining the pH, creatinine, F- ion and fluoride (mg)/creatinine (g) (F/Cr) ratio in urine. Results In the studied sample, the mean F/Cr ratio before fluoride mouth rinse was 0.26 mg/g and it rose to 1.58 mg/g 2 hours after mouth rinse. This difference of 1.33 mg/g was statistically highly significant (p<.001). In the control group no significant changes occurred. The average 2 hours afterward F/Cr ratios were 0.29 and 0.27 respectively (p=0.426).\Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.

Context: Recent studies indicate that a1-adrenergic receptors (a1-ARs) are cardioprotective by preventing cardiac myocyte death and augmenting contractility in heart failure. Although G-protein-coupled receptors are assumed to localize to and signal at the plasma membrane, we previously demonstrated that endogenous a1-ARs localize to the nuclei in adult cardiac myocytes. However, the functional consequence of this nuclear localization remains unclear. Here, we attempted to reconcile nuclear localization of a1-ARs with their physiologic function by examining a1-AR-induced contractility in adult cardiac myocytes.', 'By measuring shortening in unloaded, cultured adult cardiac myocytes, we found that the a1A-subtype regulated contractility through phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at the protein kinase C (PKC) site, threonine 144. Reconstitution of an a1A-subtype nuclear localization mutant in cardiac myocytes lacking a1-ARs failed to rescue nuclear a1A-mediated phosphorylation of cTnI and myocyte contractility. Leptomycin B, the nuclear export inhibitor, also blocked a1A-mediated phosphorylation of cTnI. These data indicate that a1-AR signaling originates in the nucleus. Consistent with these observations, we localized the a1A-subtype to the inner nuclear membrane, identified PKCa, d, and e in the nucleus, and found that a1-ARs activate PKCd in nuclei isolated from adult cardiac myocytes. Finally, we found that a PKCd nuclear localization mutant blunted a1-induced phosphorylation of cTnI.\Question: Is nuclear localization of a1A-adrenergic receptors required for signaling in cardiac myocytes : an " inside-out " a1-AR signaling pathway?
Together, our data identify a novel, "inside-out" nuclear a1A-subtype/PKCd/cTnI-signaling pathway that regulates contractile function in adult cardiac myocytes. Importantly, these data help resolve the discrepancy between nuclear localization of a1-ARs and a1-AR-mediated physiologic function.