Premise: That's not an irrefutable disproof that discrimination exists, but it's at least a calculation that needs to be taken seriously.

Hypothesis: There is absolutely no proof that discrimination even exists.
Answer: no

Premise: Calves are adorable.

Hypothesis: I have no idea why, but I absolutely adore calves.
Answer: it is not possible to tell

Premise: For what Grove has done exceptionally well is manage.

Hypothesis: What Grove has done exceptionally well is manage because he is a natural at it.
Answer: it is not possible to tell

Premise: Senior managers include those who have overall agency responsibility for strategic, including information-related, objectives.

Hypothesis: Senior managers are responsible for strategic objectives.
Answer: yes