Information: - The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support. - A parliamentary election was held in Iceland on 25 April 2009 following strong pressure from the public as a result of the Icelandic financial crisis . The Social Democratic Alliance and the Left - Green Movement , which formed the outgoing coalition government under Prime Minister Johanna Sigurardottir , both made gains and formed an overall majority of seats in the Althing ( Iceland 's parliament ) . The Progressive Party also made gains , and the new Citizens ' Movement , formed after the January 2009 protests , gained four seats . The big loser was the Independence Party , which had been in power for 18 years until January 2009 : it lost a third of its support and nine seats in the Althing . - Johanna Sigurardottir (born 4 October 1942) is a former politician and the former Prime Minister of Iceland. She became active in the trade union movement, serving as an officer. Elected an MP from 1978 to 2013, she was appointed as Iceland's Minister of Social Affairs and Social Security, serving from 19871994 and 20072009. She has been a member of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) for Reykjavik constituencies since 1978, winning re-election on eight successive occasions. She became Iceland's first female Prime Minister and the world's first openly lesbian head of government on 1 February 2009. - An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46 (approximately 24%) of the 193 UN member states are island countries. - Head of government is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. The term "head of government" is often differentiated from the term "head of state", (e.g. as in article 7 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, article 1 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents and the United Nations protocol list), as they may be separate positions, individuals, and/or roles depending on the country. - The Republic of Iceland, "Lyveldi Island" in Icelandic, is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavik. Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'icelandic parliamentary election' exhibits the relationship of 'office contested'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - head of state - member - prime minister - prime minister of iceland
prime minister of iceland

Ques:Information: - The BK virus is a member of the polyomavirus family. Past infection with the BK virus is widespread, but significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed. - The JC virus or John Cunningham virus (JCV, not to be confused with Jamestown Canyon virus that bears the same initials) is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus) and is genetically similar to BK virus and SV40. It was identified by electron microscopy in 1965 by ZuRhein and Chou, and by Silverman and Rubinstein, and later isolated in culture and named using the two initials of a patient, John Cunningham, with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency, as in AIDS or during treatment with drugs intended to induce a state of immunosuppression (e.g. organ transplant patients). - SV40 is an abbreviation for Simian vacuolating virus 40 or Simian virus 40, a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and humans. It was named for the effect it produced on infected green monkey cells, which developed an unusual number of vacuoles. Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 is a DNA virus that has the potential to cause tumors in animals, but most often persists as a latent infection. - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML ) is a rare and usually fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage ( - pathy ) or inflammation of the white matter ( leuko - ) of the brain ( - encephalo - ) at multiple locations ( multifocal ) . It is caused by the JC virus , which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system . JC virus is harmless except in cases of weakened immune systems . In general , PML has a mortality rate of 30 -- 50 percent in the first few months and those who survive can be left with varying degrees of neurological disabilities . PML occurs almost exclusively in patients with severe immune deficiency , most commonly among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , but people on chronic immunosuppressive medications including chemotherapy are also at increased risk of PML , such as patients with transplants , Hodgkin 's Lymphoma , multiple sclerosis , psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases . - Immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's immune system. Examples of these extrinsic factors include HIV infection, extremes of age, and environmental factors, such as nutrition. In the clinical setting, the immunosuppression by some drugs, such as steroids, can be either an adverse effect or the intended purpose of the treatment. Examples of such use is in organ transplant surgery as an anti-rejection measure and in patients suffering from an overactive immune system, as in autoimmune diseases. Some people are born with intrinsic defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be immunocompromised. An immunocompromised person may be particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections, in addition to normal infections that could affect everyone. Immunodeficiency also decreases cancer immunosurveillance, in which the immune system scans the body's cells and kills neoplastic ones. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy' exhibits the relationship of 'medical specialty'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - infection - infectious disease

Ans:
infectious disease