Problem:OPTIONS:
- cardiovascular system
- muscular system
- digestive system
- urinary system

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The urinary system has roles you may be well aware of: cleansing the blood and ridding the body of wastes probably come to mind. However, there are additional, equally important functions played by the system. Take for example, regulation of pH, a function shared with the lungs and the buffers in the blood. Additionally, the regulation of blood pressure is a role shared with the heart and blood vessels. What about regulating the concentration of solutes in the blood? Did you know that the kidney is important in determining the concentration of red blood cells? Eighty-five percent of the erythropoietin (EPO) produced to stimulate red blood cell production is produced in the kidneys. The kidneys also perform the final synthesis step of vitamin D production, converting calcidiol to calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. If the kidneys fail, these functions are compromised or lost altogether, with devastating effects on homeostasis. The affected individual might experience weakness, lethargy, shortness of breath, anemia, widespread edema (swelling), metabolic acidosis, rising potassium levels, heart arrhythmias, and more. Each of these functions is vital to your well-being and survival. The urinary system, controlled by the nervous system, also stores urine until a convenient time for disposal and then provides the anatomical structures to transport this waste liquid to the outside of the body. Failure of nervous control or the anatomical structures leading to a loss of control of urination results in a condition called incontinence. This chapter will help you to understand the anatomy of the urinary system and how it enables the physiologic functions critical to homeostasis. It is best to think of the kidney as a regulator of plasma makeup rather than simply a urine producer. As you read each section, ask yourself this question: "What happens if this does not work?" This question will help you to understand how the urinary system maintains homeostasis and affects all the other systems of the body and the... Q: Which system in your body stores urine and is controlled by the nervous system? A:
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A: urinary system

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Where does the heartbeat originate in vertebrates? A:
OPTIONS:
- the tissue
- the pulse
- the blood
- the heart
the heart

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cooperation between Bacteria and Eukaryotes: Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen is a very important element to living things, because it is part of nucleotides and amino acids that are the building blocks of nucleic acids and proteins, respectively. Nitrogen is usually the most limiting element in terrestrial ecosystems, with atmospheric nitrogen, N2, providing the largest pool of available nitrogen. However, eukaryotes cannot use atmospheric, gaseous nitrogen to synthesize macromolecules. Fortunately, nitrogen can be "fixed," meaning it is converted into ammonia (NH3) either biologically or abiotically. Abiotic nitrogen fixation occurs as a result of lightning or by industrial processes. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is exclusively carried out by prokaryotes: soil bacteria, cyanobacteria, and Frankia spp. (filamentous bacteria interacting with actinorhizal plants such as alder, bayberry, and sweet fern). After photosynthesis, BNF is the second most important biological process on Earth. The equation representing the process is as follows. Q: Nitrogen is a very important element to living things, because it is part of nucleotides and amino acids that are the building blocks of nucleic acids and these? A:
OPTIONS:
- cells
- lipids
- follicles
- proteins

Answer: proteins

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising for the past several decades. Q: What type of carbon dioxide levels have been rising for the past several decades? A:
OPTIONS:
- magnetic
- aqueous
- subatomic
- atmospheric
Answer: atmospheric

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is reduced and forms part of the gelatinous disks sandwiched between the vertebrae in humans? A:
OPTIONS:
- the clavicle
- the sacrum
- the pelvis
- the notochord
output: the notochord

Problem: OPTIONS:
- acid reaction
- mixture
- hypodermic reaction
- chemical reaction
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. It involves breaking and forming chemical bonds. Types of chemical reactions include synthesis reactions and decomposition reactions. Q: What is the name of the process that changes some chemical substances into others? A:
Answer:
chemical reaction