Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is an important mechanism in control of signal nephron glomerular filtration rate. The oxidative stress in the macula densa, primarily determined by the interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-), is essential in maintaining the TGF responsiveness. However, few studies examining the interactions between and amount of NO and O2- generated by the macula densa during normal and hypertensive states.', 'In this study, we used isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus to directly measure the amount and also studied the interactions between NO and O2- in macula densa in both physiological and slow pressor Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mice.', 'We found that slow pressor Ang II at a dose of 600ng kg(-1) min(-1) for two weeks increased mean arterial pressure by 26.1 5.7mmHg. TGF response increased from 3.40.2m in control to 5.20.2m in hypertensive mice. We first measured O2- generation by the macula densa and found it was undetectable in control mice. However, O2- generation by the macula densa increased to 21.42.5 unit min(-1) in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. We then measured NO generation and found that NO generation by the macula densa was 138.59.3 unit min(-1) in control mice. The NO was undetectable in the macula densa in hypertensive mice infused with Ang II.

A: Does oxidative status in the macula densa modulate tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness in angiotensin II-induced hypertension?
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Q: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed Medline and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science literature databases were searched, and searches made by hand of identified papers, to source relevant data. (BIOSIS Previews) were searched. There were no language restrictions.', 'Studies were evaluated by two reviewers independently. Only clinical trials were included that were published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages and were performed on humans. Articles were excluded when the examiners were not calibrated; when they did not compare manual and electronic probing techniques; when they did not measure the clinical attachment level (CAL); and when the subjects did not present destructive periodontal disease or had already received periodontal treatment.', 'The quality of the identified studies was assessed and standardised data extracted. Only two studies met all the selection criteria so no meta-analysis was performed.', 'Only two of the 37 identified articles were included in the review. The results of these two studies showed that the mean variance and the absolute mean difference between CAL measurements for the two types of probes were not statistically different.

A: Do manual and electronic probes have similar reliability in the measurement of untreated periodontitis?
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Q: IL-1 plays a vital role in the terminal processes of human labour and delivery. Inflammasome activation is required to process pro IL-1 to an active, secreted molecule. Recent studies have shown that autophagy regulates IL-1 via the inflammasome. The aims were to determine the effect of (i) human spontaneous term and preterm labour on the expression of autophagy proteins in fetal membranes; and (ii) autophagy inhibition on IL-1 release.', 'Fetal membranes, from term and preterm, were obtained from non-labouring and labouring women. Tissue explants were used to determine the effect of inhibition of autophagy on IL-1 secretion.', 'Expression of the autophagy proteins Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Atg16L1 were lower after spontaneous term labour. Beclin-1 and Atg7 expression were lower after spontaneous preterm labour. Beclin-1, Atg3, and Atg7 expression were lower after preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes (PPROM) compared to preterm with intact membranes. LC3B-I expression was higher after spontaneous term and preterm labour and with PPROM; there was no difference in LC3B-II expression between the two groups. The autophagy inhibitor LY290042 increased IL-1 secretion in the presence of bacterial endotoxin LPS; IL-1 secretion was ameliorated in the presence inflammasome inhibitors.

A:
Is autophagy , which decreased in labouring fetal membranes , regulates IL-1 production via the inflammasome?
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