The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies, the distinction has become unclear because so many wants have been turned into needs.A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legal needs for the task.But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want. In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased.The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods.Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine,for example)should be a specialty goods in the United States. People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices. quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision.Buying an automobile is often done this way. Shopping goods fail into two classes:those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles.Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially... Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that _ . A) consumers don't care where to buy them B) consumers spend much time searching for C) meet similar needs of the consumers D) can be found in nearly every shop
C
Janice Fialka showed a new documentary about her cognitively disabled son at schools and seminars across the country.Everyone seemed to enjoy it,but one comment from a teacher proved her family's investment to Fialka was a success. "In Baltimore an early childhood teacher came up and said,'I have to apologize to the family of a 4year old with Down Syndrome ,'"Fialka said."She said,'I told them to be more realistic about their dreams for him.Now I have to tell them I'm sorry.'" The story of Micah FialkaFeldman,a 22yearold Oakland University student,is meant to show parents,educators and the disabled anything is possible. FialkaFeldman wrote in an essay titled "I wanted to go to college and my dream came true".A lot of people didn't think he could go to college,but because family and friends believed in him he learned how to take public transportation to campus and found teachers who helped him pick the best classes. The title of the film Through the Same Door came from a day when FialkaFeldman,who was enrolled in a first grade special education program,told his parents he wanted to walk through the same door as the rest of the kids at his school.It led him to becoming the first student with cognitive disabilities in mainstream classrooms in Berkley. Though he can't read or write on his own,FialkaFeldman reached amazing heights with the help of voice recognition computer software,tutors,and the embrace of his community. At Berkley High School,FialkaFeldman won the Social Studies Department Award for civic involvement.In 2004 he received the Michigan "Yes,I Can" award for selfadvocacy . He finished high school in 2003 with a certificate of attendance,took a 10day trip through Israel with friends last year,and enrolled at Oakland University through the Transitions Program,which is geared to help the disabled go from high school to college. Fialka said he's the happiest kid in the world.Everyone should be so happy. Which of the following is NOT true about FialkaFeldman? A) He was the first cognitively disabled student in mainstream classrooms in Berkley. B) He went to school by public transportation and was helped to pick up classes. C) He benefited from computer software and other people. D) He received the "Yes,I Can" award for civic involvement and selfadvocacy
D
Q: In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments .In the U.S., the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan. The price of an article bought on installments is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyers pays one quarter or one third of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made. Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. It can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping, It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment. There is ,however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan lose their jobs, they will probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, it becomes more likely to have a depression. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the amount of the down payment to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan. The advantages of installment buying might include all the followings EXCEPT that _ . A) purchasing power is strengthened B) Employment might be increased C) People develop a good habit of saving money D) Young couples are able to furnish their homes
A: C
Is war unavoidable? Can war be prevented? History tells that there were wars, great or small, in every century, in every decade. Throughout the ages, from the Stone age to the Atomic Age, men have been fighting, first with swords and shields , then with guns and cannons, and now, hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purpose. But, in spite of all these, it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won, but it requires the effort of every one of us. I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war. If it ever happens, two-thirds of the world and much of the civilization which men have gained through time, patience and effort will be destroyed. Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive on its own? Our task now is not to blame the past, but to plan for the future. If there is peace in the world, men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space, their submarines to explore the depth of the sea, their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate the jungles of Africa, instead of using them military. Governments can use their money to build more schools, so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens. Scientists can use atomic energy to propel steamships and planes. They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of living of the people. How can a peaceful world be achieved? It requires, in my opinion, the understanding and friendship between all people from all nations. Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of color, race, religion, or national origin. Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak. We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or a month. It may even take decades or centuries. But let us plan and begin now. The best title for this passage is _ . A) The Past and the Future B) To Die or To Survive C) War and Peace D) Understanding and Friendship
C