Answer the following question given this paragraph: Conceptual Questions 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference 1. Voltage is the common word for potential difference. Which term is more descriptive, voltage or potential difference? 2. If the voltage between two points is zero, can a test charge be moved between them with zero net work being done? Can this necessarily be done without exerting a force? Explain. What is the relationship between voltage and energy? More precisely, what is the relationship between potential difference and electric potential energy? 4. Voltages are always measured between two points. Why? 5. How are units of volts and electron volts related? How do they differ?. Q: What is the common word for potential difference in a circuit? Choices: - watt - velocity - frequency - voltage A:
voltage
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The blue lines in this drawing represent nerves of the peripheral nervous system. Every peripheral nerve is connected directly or indirectly to the spinal cord. Notice the thick sciatic nerve. It is the longest (and thickest) nerve in the body, running from the lower region of the spinal cord to just above the knee. Q: Every peripheral nerve is connected directly or indirectly to what? Choices: - the functional cord - the umbilical chord - the optimal cord - the spinal cord A:
the spinal cord
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another. The affected variable is called the dependent variable . In the plant experiment shown above, the dependent variable is plant growth. The variable that affects the dependent variable is called the independent variable . In the plant experiment, the independent variable could be fertilizersome plants will get fertilizer, others will not. The scientists change the amount of the independent variable (the fertilizer) to observe the effects on the dependent variable (plant growth). An experiment needs to be run simultaneously in which no fertilizer is given to the plant. This would be known as a control experiment. In any experiment, other factors that might affect the dependent variable must be controlled. In the plant experiment, what factors do you think should be controlled? ( Hint: What other factors might affect plant growth?). Q: In an experiment, what is the affected variable called? Choices: - form variable - independent variable - control variable - dependent variable A:
A: dependent variable
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum. Osteoblasts, which do not divide, synthesize and secrete the collagen matrix and calcium salts. As the secreted matrix surrounding the osteoblast calcifies, the osteoblast become trapped within it; as a result, it changes in structure and becomes an osteocyte, the primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell. Each osteocyte is located in a space called a lacuna and is surrounded by bone tissue. Osteocytes maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes. Like osteoblasts, osteocytes lack mitotic activity. They can communicate with each other and receive nutrients via long cytoplasmic processes that extend through canaliculi (singular = canaliculus), channels within the bone matrix. If osteoblasts and osteocytes are incapable of mitosis, then how are they replenished when old ones die? The answer lies in the properties of a third category of bone cellsthe osteogenic cell. These osteogenic cells are undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide. Immature osteogenic cells are found in the deep layers of the periosteum and the marrow. They differentiate and develop into osteoblasts. The dynamic nature of bone means that new tissue is constantly formed, and old, injured, or unnecessary bone is dissolved for repair or for calcium release. The cell responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown, is the osteoclast. They are found on bone surfaces, are multinucleated, and originate from monocytes and macrophages, two types of white blood cells, not from osteogenic cells. Osteoclasts are continually breaking down old bone while osteoblasts are continually forming new bone. The ongoing balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is responsible for the constant but subtle reshaping of bone. Table 6.3 reviews the bone cells, their functions, and locations. Q: What bone cell is responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and endosteum? Choices: - epithelial - congenial - fibroblasts - osteoblast A:
Answer: osteoblast
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The spleen is in the upper abdomen. It filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood, and then lymphocytes in the spleen destroy them. Q: What filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood? Choices: - the bladder - the stomach - the pancreas - the spleen A:
**Answer**
the spleen
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What type of sunlight inhibits vertical growth in a plant? Choices: - infrared - reduced - indirect - direct A:
(A).
direct