Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Reduced levels of free and total insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been observed in type-1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The bioavailability of IGF-I from the circulation to the target cells is controlled by multifunctional IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The aim of this study was to profile serum IGFBPs in T1D and its complications.', 'We measured the IGFBP levels in 3662 patient serum samples from our ongoing Phenome and Genome of Diabetes Autoimmunity (PAGODA) study. IGFBP levels of four different groups of T1D patients (with 0, 1, 2, and 3 complications) were compared with healthy controls.', 'Three serum IGFBPs (IGFBP-1, -2, and -6) are significantly higher in T1D patients, and these alterations are greater in the presence of diabetic complications. IGFBP-3 is lower in patients with diabetic complications. Analyses using quintiles revealed that risk of T1D complications increases with increasing concentrations of IGFBP-2 (fifth quintile ORs: 18-60, p<10(-26)), IGFBP-1 (fifth quintile ORs: 8-20, p<10(-15)), and IGFBP-6 (fifth quintile ORs: 3-148, p<10(-3)). IGFBP-3 has a negative association with T1D complications (fifth quintile ORs: 0.12-0.25, p<10(-5)).

Output: 1

Input: Consider Input: Baseline carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a useful prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA); however, data on the significance of a change in CA 19-9 following neoadjuvant therapy are lacking.', "All patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy for PDA from July 2010 to February 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Resection rate, R0 resection rate, need for venous resection, and overall survival were correlated to CA 19-9 response. Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and multivariate analysis using Cox regression were used.", 'A total of 78 patients were studied (21 patients with resectable disease, 40 borderline resectable, and 17 with locally advanced disease). A variety of chemotherapies radiation were utilized during the study period. Overall, 56 patients (72 %) had a decrease in CA 19-9 of >50 % with neoadjuvant treatment. In borderline resectable patients, CA 19-9 response of >50 % predicted R0 resection (odds ratio 4.2; p = 0.05). In borderline resectable patients who had an increase in CA 19-9, none of five (0 %) underwent R0 resection compared with 80 % of the remaining cohort (p = 0.001). The complete pathologic response rate was 29 % in patients who had a CA 19-9 response of >90 % versus 0 % in the remaining patients (p < 0.001). A CA 19-9 response of >50 % resulted in improved overall survival (28.0 vs. 11.1 months; p < 0.0001) and was an independent predictor of survival (hazard ratio 0.26; 95 % CI 0.13-0.55; p < 0.0001).

Output: 0

Input: Consider Input: To investigate the associations of IL17A, IL17F, IL23A, and IL23R copy number variants (CNVs) with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome and Behcet's disease (BD) and the possible mechanisms involved.", 'Two-stage case-control and functional studies.', 'A total of 1159 VKH patients, 1036 BD patients, and 2050 controls were enrolled.', 'TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used for genotyping of copy number variant. Cell proliferation was measured by colorimetric assay.', 'Association of CNVs in IL17A, IL17F, IL23A, and IL23R with BD and VKH syndrome and the functional roles of IL17F CNVs.', 'Increased frequencies of more than 2 copies of IL17F and IL23A were found in BD patients as compared with controls (IL17F: P=4.1710(-8); odds ratio [OR], 2.2; IL23A: P=2.8610(-11); OR, 2.8, respectively). A similar result was found for VKH syndrome (IL17F: P=2.8410(-13); OR, 2.7; IL23A: P=4.4610(-17); OR, 3.4, respectively). Interestingly, the association of IL17F and IL23A with BD was found only in male patients (IL17F: P=1.0610(-6); OR, 2.3; IL23A, P=3.8110(-8); OR, 2.8, respectively), but not in female patients. No association of CNVs in IL17A and IL23R was found for BD and VKH syndrome. IL17F protein levels were correlated positively with gene copy numbers (P=3.4310(-7)). Individuals with high IL17F copies showed enhanced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation (P=5.6710(-3)).
Output: 1