Question: For example, investors do not understand terminology such as reportable conditions,8 which could result in investors over- or under-reacting to problems.
Investors who do not understand the terminology could cause chaos in the market.

Answer: it is not possible to tell

Question: By the time of the Spanish American War of 1898, the Spanish empire of the Golden Age had been whittled to insignificance.
By 1898 the Spanish empire became largely insignificant.

Answer: yes

Question: His body was totally relaxed.
He was rigid and nervous.

Answer:
no