Problem: Given the question: Question: "How is hu written?" Context: "Examples are he "river", hu "lake", liu "stream", chong "riptide" (or "flush"), hua "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (), which is a reduced form of the character shui meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The right-hand side in each case is a phonetic indicator. For example, in the case of chong (Old Chinese *-lju), the phonetic indicator is zhong (Old Chinese *k-lju), which by itself means "middle". In this case it can be seen that the pronunciation of the character is slightly different from that of its phonetic indicator; the process of historical phonetic change means that the composition of such characters can sometimes seem arbitrary today." Answer:
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Problem: Given the question: Question: "When did saltationism appear?" Context: "By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views." Answer:
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The answer is:
the eclipse of Darwinism

Problem: Given the question: Question: "What is breakthrough pain?" Context: "Breakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time "breaks through" the medication. The characteristics of breakthrough cancer pain vary from person to person and according to the cause. Management of breakthrough pain can entail intensive use of opioids, including fentanyl." Answer:
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The answer is:
bouts of severe pain that from time to time "breaks through" the medication