Problem: Szlachta:

Another class of knights were granted land by the prince, allowing them the economic ability to serve the prince militarily. A Polish nobleman living at the time prior to the 15th century was referred to as a "rycerz", very roughly equivalent to the English "knight," the critical difference being the status of "rycerz" was almost strictly hereditary; the class of all such individuals was known as the "rycerstwo". Representing the wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes, this other class of rycerstwo, which became the szlachta/nobility ("szlachta" becomes the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century), gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues. This rycerstwo/nobility obtained more privileges granting them favored status. They were absolved from particular burdens and obligations under ducal law, resulting in the belief only rycerstwo (those combining military prowess with high/noble birth) could serve as officials in state administration.

What did ducal law implement for the rycerstwo/nobility?
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A: could serve as officials in state administration.

Problem: Chicago Cubs:

The team's commitment to contend was complete when Green made a midseason deal on June 15 to shore up the starting rotation due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (55) and Sanderson. The deal brought 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher Rick Sutcliffe from the Cleveland Indians. Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs at the time) and center fielder Mel Hall were sent to Cleveland for Sutcliffe and back-up catcher Ron Hassey (.333 with Cubs in 1984). Sutcliffe (55 with the Indians) immediately joined Sanderson (85 3.14), Eckersley (108 3.03), Steve Trout (137 3.41) and Dick Ruthven (610 5.04) in the starting rotation. Sutcliffe proceeded to go 161 for Cubs and capture the Cy Young Award.

Why did Green make a deal to shore up the starting rotation?
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A: due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (55) and Sanderson

Problem: Late Middle Ages:

Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.

What kind of texts didn't Byzantine scholars take with them when they fled Constantinople?
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A: unanswerable

Problem: Capacitor:

where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z() is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx() is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle means measurement in free space, an unattainable goal inasmuch as even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior, such as dichroism. For practical purposes, when measurement errors are taken into account, often a measurement in terrestrial vacuum, or simply a calculation of C0, is sufficiently accurate.)

Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes?
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A:
in terrestrial vacuum