The rivalries between the Arab tribes had caused unrest in the provinces outside Syria, most notably in the Second Muslim Civil War of 680692 CE and the Berber Revolt of 740743 CE. During the Second Civil War, leadership of the Umayyad clan shifted from the Sufyanid branch of the family to the Marwanid branch. As the constant campaigning exhausted the resources and manpower of the state, the Umayyads, weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744747 CE, were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE/132 AH. A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Cordoba, which lasted until 1031 before falling due to the Fitna of al-Andalus.

Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.

1. When was Ali assasinated?
2. by whom?
3. WHo finally beat the Umayyads?
4. Who is Hasan ibn Ali?
5. what else was he renowned for?
6. What was his bloodline?
7. Where was the Caliphate of Cordoba formed?
8. How long did the Caliphate exist?
9. What happened to it to cause its demise?
10. How was ali killed?
11. What did Hasan ibn Ali do with his power?
12. To whom?
13. Why?
14. Did he establish a dynasty?
15. Did Mu'awiyah keep the conditions of the contract?
16. in what way did he break the agreement?
17. Where was it located?
18. Where is all of this going on at?
19. What war was this known as?
20. When did it take place?

Provide a numbered list of answers.
1. in 661
2. by a Kharijite partisan.
3. the Abbasid Revolution
4. a peacemaker,
5. as the Second Imam for the Shias,
6. Muhammad was his grandfather
7. Al-Andalus,
8. until 1031
9. the Fitna of al-Andalus.
10. assassination
11. He handed over power
12. Muawiya
13. to keep the people safe and secure
14. no
15. no
16. he began the Umayyad dynasty
17. in Damascus.
18. in the provinces outside Syria,
19. the Second Muslim Civil War
20. in 680692 CE