Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bundles of fibers can be used to transmit an image without a lens, as illustrated in Figure 25.15. The output of a device called an endoscope is shown in Figure 25.15(b). Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or minor incisions. Light is transmitted down one fiber bundle to illuminate internal parts, and the reflected light is transmitted back out through another to be observed. Surgery can be performed, such as arthroscopic surgery on the knee joint, employing cutting tools attached to and observed with the endoscope. Samples can also be obtained, such as by lassoing an intestinal polyp for external examination. Fiber optics has revolutionized surgical techniques and observations within the body. There are a host of medical diagnostic and therapeutic uses. The flexibility of the fiber optic bundle allows it to navigate around difficult and small regions in the body, such as the intestines, the heart, blood vessels, and joints. Transmission of an intense laser beam to burn away obstructing plaques in major arteries as well as delivering light to activate chemotherapy drugs are becoming commonplace. Optical fibers have in fact enabled microsurgery and remote surgery where the incisions are small and the surgeon's fingers do not need to touch the diseased tissue. Q: Endoscopes are used to explore the body through various orifices or these? A:
OPTIONS:
- dermal tears
- major incisions
- ocular cavity
- minor incisions
Answer: minor incisions

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: We must use energy to get energy resources. This is true of non-renewable and renewable energy. Getting fossil fuels so that they can be used takes many steps. All of these steps use energy. Q: What type of chemicals do ants communicate with? A:
OPTIONS:
- Alkanes
- pesticides
- hormones
- pheromones
output: pheromones

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. When that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a parasite . This type of relationship is known as parasitism. Q: Although lots of symbiotic relationships help both organisms, sometimes one of the organisms is harmed. when that happens, the organism that benefits, and is not harmed, is called a what? A:

OPTIONS:
- child
- viruses
- infection
- parasite

A: parasite

input: OPTIONS:
- krebs cycle
- melvin cycle
- melcal cycle
- calvin cycle Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The second stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The reactions of this stage can occur without light, so they are sometimes called light-independent or dark reactions. This stage of photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin cycle because its reactions were discovered by a scientist named Melvin Calvin. He won a Nobel Prize in 1961 for this important discovery. Q: Which cycle is named after the scientist melvin calvin? A:
A:
output: calvin cycle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pectin, a carbohydrate from fruit juices, is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making. Silica gel, a colloidal dispersion of hydrated silicon dioxide, is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of sodium silicate. Canned Heat is a gel made by mixing alcohol and a saturated aqueous solution of calcium acetate. Q: What carbohydrate from fruit juices is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making? A:

OPTIONS:
- potassium
- gelatin
- cellulose
- pectin

Answer: pectin

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: (a) Initially, the system (a copper penny and concentrated nitric acid) is at atmospheric pressure. (b) When the penny is added to the nitric acid, the volume of NO2 gas that is formed causes the piston to move upward to maintain the system at atmospheric pressure. In doing so, the system is performing work on its surroundings. The symbol E in represents the internal energy of a system, which is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all its components. It is the change in internal energy that produces heat plus work. To measure the energy changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity calledenthalpy (H) (from the Greek enthalpein, meaning "to warm"). The enthalpy of a system is defined as the sum of its internal energy E plus the product of its pressure Pand volume V:. Q: To measure what changes that occur in chemical reactions, chemists usually use a related thermodynamic quantity, calledenthalpy? A:

OPTIONS:
- ion exchange
- evaporation
- entropy
- energy

A:
energy