Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 22.1 Prokaryotic Diversity Prokaryotes existed for billions of years before plants and animals appeared. Hot springs and hydrothermal vents may have been the environments in which life began. Microbial mats are thought to represent the earliest forms of life on Earth, and there is fossil evidence of their presence about 3.5 billion years ago. A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet of prokaryotes that grows at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on moist surfaces. During the first 2 billion years, the atmosphere was anoxic and only anaerobic organisms were able to live. Cyanobacteria evolved from early. Q: What type of organism was the only able to live in the anoxic atmosphere of the first 2 billion years? Choices: - aerobic - protists - mammals - anaerobic A:
anaerobic
Answer the following question given this paragraph: You can see an example of a negative feedback loop in Figure below . It shows how levels of thyroid hormones regulate the thyroid gland. This loop involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland as well as the thyroid gland. Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of hormones by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. These hormones stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete more hormones. The opposite happens with high levels of thyroid hormones in the blood. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland stop releasing hormones that stimulate the thyroid. Q: Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of what by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland? Choices: - acids - bases - enzymes - hormones A:
hormones
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations. A pedigree is commonly created for families, as it can be used to outlines the inheritance patterns of familial traits or genetic disorders. It can be used to demonstrate autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, or sex-linked inheritance. Figure below shows a pedigree depicting recessive inheritance of a disorder through three generations. The trait is thought to be recessive as for the two individuals with the trait, neither has a parent who also has the trait. Geneticists may also be able to determine whether individuals with the trait in question are heterozygous or homozygous for the allele associated with the trait. When alleles are added to the pedigree shown ( A or a ), recessive inheritance in conformed. Q: A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several what? Choices: - centuries - events - organisms - generations A:
A: generations
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings as the reaction occurs. When 1 mol of calcium carbonate decomposes into 1 mol of calcium oxide and 1 mol of carbon dioxide, 177.8 kJ of heat is absorbed. The process is shown visually in Figure above (B). The thermochemical reaction is shown below. Q: What kind of reactions absorb energy from their surroundings as they occur? Choices: - exothermic - hydrostatic - autotrophic - endothermic A:
Answer: endothermic
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: B cells respond to pathogens and other cells from outside the body in the blood and lymph. Most B cells fight infections by making antibodies. An antibody is a large, Y-shaped protein that binds to an antigen , a protein that is recognized as foreign. Antigens are found on the outside of bacteria, viruses and other foreign microorganisms. Each antibody can bind with just one specific type of antigen ( Figure below ). They fit together like a lock and key. Once an antigen and antibody bind together, they signal for a phagocyte to destroy them. Phagocytes are white blood cells that engulf targeted antigens by phagocytosis. As the antigen is on the outside of a pathogen, the pathogen is destroyed by this process. Q: Each antibody can bind with just one specific type of what, resulting in a signal for a phagocyte to destroy them? Choices: - pathogen - adhesion - immunogen - antigen A:
**Answer**
antigen
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Other than nitrogen, which nutrient most often limits marine production? Choices: - potassium - zinc - calcium - phosphorus A:
A: phosphorus