Geomatics (including geomatics engineering), also known as surveying engineering or geospatial science (including geospatial engineering and geospatial technology), is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering geographic information or spatially referenced information. In other words, it "consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic data".

Michel Paradis, a French-Canadian surveyor, introduced "geomatics" as a new scientific term in an article published in 1981 in "The Canadian Surveyor" and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion.

Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), global-navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass), photogrammetry, geophysics, geography, and related forms of earth mapping. The term was originally used in Canada, because it is similar in origin to both French and English, but has since been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term "geospatial technology". What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. who introduced geomatics?
2. where's he from?
3. when was it introduced?
4. How was the term introduced to the scientific community
5. where was that published?
6. was there another way he the phrase?
7. what traditional field needed to be integrated?
8. how many new tools are listed?
9. what's 1?
10. another?
11. what does GIS stand for?
12. is geomatics the word, used internationally?
13. does the US?
14. what do they prefer?
15. what are other terms for Geomatics?
16. collection and integration of what?
Answer: 1. Michel Paradis
2. Canada
3. 1981
4. in an article
5. in "The Canadian Surveyor"
6. "geospatial technology"
7. land surveying
8. four
9. data capture
10. manipulation
11. geographic information systems
12. yestional Organization for Standardization, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, and many other international authorities,
13. no
14. "geospatial technology"
15. surveying engineering or geospatial science
16. geographic data

CHAPTER XLII.

GEORGE II. A.D. 1725--1760.

The reign of George II. was a very warlike one. Indeed he was the last king of England who ever was personally in a battle; and, curiously enough, this battle--that of Fontenoy--was the last that a king of France also was present in. It was, however, not a very interesting battle; and it was not clear who really won it, nor are wars of this time very easy to understand.

The battle of Fontenoy was fought in the course of a great war to decide who would be emperor of Germany, in which France and England took different sides; and this made Charles Edward Stuart, the eldest son of James, think it was a good moment for trying once again to get back the crown of his forefathers. He was a fine-looking young man, with winning manners, and a great deal more spirit than his father: and when he landed in Scotland with a very few followers, one Highland gentleman after another was so delighted with him that they all brought their clans to join him, and he was at the head of quite a large force, with which he took possession of the town of Edinburgh; but he never could take the castle. The English army was most of it away fighting in Germany, and the soldiers who met him at Prestonpans, close to Edinburgh, were not well managed, and were easily beaten by the Highlanders. Then he marched straight on into England: and there was great terror, for the Highlanders--with their plaids, long swords, and strange language--were thought to be all savage robbers, and the Londoners expected to have every house and shop ruined and themselves murdered: though on the whole the Highlanders behaved very well. They would probably have really entered London if they had gone on, and reached it before the army could come home, but they grew discontented and frightened at being so far away from their own hills; and at Derby. Charles Edward was obliged to let them turn back to Scotland. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. When did George the II live?
2. Was he royalty?
3. What was his title?
4. of what country?
5. Did he ever fight a battle?
6. Which one?
7. Who were the English fighting?
8. Did they win?
9. Why were they fighting?
10. What was unique about this particular battle concerning the participants?
11. While the English and French and Germans were fighting who was leading the scots?
12. Who was his father?
13. Was he old?
14. How did they dress for battle?
15. Where did they march to?
16. Were the English frightened of them?
17. Why?
18. How did they really act?
19. Were they successful in taking over England?
20. Why not?
Answer: 1. 1725 to 1760
2. Yes
3. king
4. England
5. Yes
6. Fontenoy
7. France
8. That is not clear
9. To decide the emperor of Germany
10. The kings of England and France were in it.
11. Charles Edward Stuart
12. James
13. No
14. In plaids
15. Into England
16. Yes
17. They thought the Highlanders savage robbers
18. Very well
19. No
20. They went home

Kanji, or "kan'ji", are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana and katakana. The Japanese term "kanji" for the Chinese characters literally means "Han characters" and is written using the same characters as the Chinese word '.

Chinese characters first came to Japan on official seals, letters, swords, coins, mirrors, and other decorative items imported from China. The earliest known instance of such an import was the King of Na gold seal given by Emperor Guangwu of Han to a Yamato emissary in 57 AD. Chinese coins from the first century AD have been found in Yayoi-period archaeological sites. However, the Japanese of that era probably had no comprehension of the script, and would remain illiterate until the fifth century AD. According to the "Nihon Shoki" and "Kojiki", a semi-legendary scholar called Wani () was dispatched to Japan by the Kingdom of Baekje during the reign of Emperor Ojin in the early fifth century, bringing with him knowledge of Confucianism and Chinese characters.

The earliest Japanese documents were probably written by bilingual Chinese or Korean officials employed at the Yamato court. For example, the diplomatic correspondence from King Bu of Wa to Emperor Shun of Liu Song in 478 has been praised for its skillful use of allusion. Later, groups of people called "fuhito" were organized under the monarch to read and write Classical Chinese. During the reign of Empress Suiko (593628), the Yamato court began sending full-scale diplomatic missions to China, which resulted in a large increase in Chinese literacy at the Japanese court. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. How many types of characters are mentioned?
2. What are they a part of?
3. What country are Kanji actually from?
4. When were they first seen in Japan?
5. How did they arrive?
6. Could the Japanese understand the script on the items they found?
7. Who arrived in the fifth century?
8. What did he have?
9. When did King Bu and Emperor Shun communicate?
10. Who was responsible for the first Japanese writings?
11. Who are the Fuhito?
12. When did Empress Suiko live?
Answer:
1. Han character
2. the modern Japanese writing
3. China
4. 57 AD
5. on official seals and letters
6. no
7. Wani
8. knowledge of Confucianism and Chinese characters
9. 478
10. Chinese or Korean officials
11. People who could read and write Classical Chinese.
12. 593628