Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.

1. Are any current societies considered hunter gatherers?
2. What else do those societies do?
3. What is a hunter gatherer?
4. How come agricultural groups are different?
5. How much of our history was hunting and gathering done in?
6. When were they displaced?
7. When did Lewis Binford comment about scavenging?
8. What other foods did people in the Lower Paleolithic collect?
9. Was it thought that they killed big animals?
10. Where did the carcasses come from?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Just a few
2. farm or keep animals
3. human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging
4. unknown
5. 90 percent
6. Following the invention of agriculture
7. the 1950s
8. seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits
9. no
10. killed by predators

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." The U.S. Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

One species in particular received widespread attentionthe whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disappeared from its primary breeding range in the north central United States. It would be another eight years before the first national law regulating wildlife commerce was signed, and another two years before the first version of the endangered species act was passed. The whooping crane population by 1941 was estimated at about only 16 birds still in the wild.

1. What year was the Endangered Species Act instituted?
2. Were there many laws such as this passed in this time period?
3. What animal received lots of attention?
4. Name something that caused their population to decline?
5. And what else?
6. What year did is vanish from its main range in the U.S.?
7. In what section of the U.S.?
8. How many years passed before first national law concerning regulation of wildlife commerce was instituted?
9. How much additional time before an act concerning endangered species was enacted?
10. What was the number of whooping cranes in the wild in 1941?
11. Did a President enact a certain law associated with endangered species?
12. What was it called?
13. In what year was it made law?
14. What month?
15. What day of the month?
16. What court made a finding about the ESA?
17. Were federal agencies involved in carrying out the act?
18. Name of one of them?
19. And the other?
20. What abbreviation is it known by?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. 1973
2. Yes
3. the whooping crane
4. Unregulated hunting
5. habitat loss
6. 1890
7. the north central
8. another eight years
9. another two years
10. about only 16 birds
11. Yes
12. The Endangered Species Act
13. 1973
14. December
15. 28
16. The U.S. Supreme Court
17. Yes
18. the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
19. the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
20. NOAA

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Jay Kohl, an American student, posted an online advertisement two weeks ago searching for a Chinese family to stay with so that he can learn the language and culture. "I'm a clean, non-smoking, and warm-hearted American man looking for a homestay in the Wudaokou area to improve my Chinese language skills," he wrote. "I'm willing to offer help with English tutoring and even can help you with applying for foreign universities." He still hasn't found a suitable home. "Most of the families that contacted me seem to be interested in doing business instead of cultural exchange," he said. "I think I might have to rent an apartment in the end." Kohl isn't the only foreigner finding it difficult to find a homestay in Beijing. Michael Benson, who wants to come to Beijing in September, has also faced the same problem. Why is finding a homestay family so difficult? Beijing Today _ a Chinese teacher, Jessie Xi, who has been teaching foreign students at the University of International Business and Economics for more than six years. Xi has accepted many homestays, and from her own experience and what she's been told, she said there were four major problems visitors may meet when applying for homestays. Problem 1:Having too high expectation for language improvement. Problem 2: Considering oneself as a guest instead of a family member. Problem 3: Not making clear what a family's rules are beforehand. Problem 4; Overly high demands for the living environment.

1. Where was Jay from?
2. What type of family did he want to stay with?
3. Is he dirty?
4. Does he smoke?
5. What's Jay's last name?
6. How long ago did he post an ad?
7. Where did he post it?
8. What area did he want to find a family in?
9. Is Jay a woman?
10. What type of skills does he want to improve?
11. What type of universities is he willing to help the family apply for?
12. What have the families that contacted him seemed more interested in?
13. What do many foreigners apparently find it difficult to find in Beijing?
14. What type of tutoring is Jay willing to offer help with?
15. What type of teacher is Jessie?
16. How many years has she been teaching?
17. At which university?
18. What type of expectation might be too high?
19. What has Jay yet to find suitable?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. America
2. Chinese
3. No
4. No
5. Kohl
6. two weeks ago
7. online
8. the Wudaokou area
9. no
10. his Chinese language skills
11. foreign universities.
12. doing business
13. Having too high expectation for language improvement, Considering themselves as guests instead of a family member, not making clear what a family's rules are beforehand and overly high demands for the living environment.
14. English tutoring
15. a Chinese teacher
16. more than six years
17. at the University of International Business and Economics
18. language improvement
19. a suitable home.