Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Compared with standard donors, kidneys recovered from donors after cardiac death (DCD) exhibit higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF), and DCD livers demonstrate higher rates of biliary ischemia, graft loss, and worse patient survival. Current practice limits the use of these organs based on time from donor extubation to asystole, but data to support this is incomplete. We hypothesized that donor postextubation parameters, including duration and severity of hemodynamic instability or hypoxia might be a better predictor of subsequent graft function.', 'We performed a retrospective examination of the New England Organ Bank DCD database, concentrating on donor factors including vital signs after withdrawal of support.', 'Prolonged, severe hypotension in the postextubation period was a better predictor of subsequent organ function that time from extubation to asystole. For DCD kidneys, this manifested as a trend toward increased DGF. For DCD livers, this manifested as increased rates of poor outcomes. Maximizing the predictive value of this test in the liver cohort suggested that greater than 15 min between the time when the donor systolic blood pressure drops below 50 mm Hg and flush correlates with increased rates of diffuse biliary ischemia, graft loss, or death. Donor age also correlated with worse outcome.
Answer: Time between profound instability and cold perfusion is a better predictor of outcome than time from extubation to asystole. If validated, this information could be used to predict DGF after DCD renal transplant and improve outcomes after DCD liver transplant.

A: Do donor postextubation hypotension and age correlate with outcome after donation after cardiac death transplantation?
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Q: Context: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is one of the surgical options for treating alignment disorders of the fused spine (due to post-surgical fusion or related to arthritis). It enables satisfactory sagittal realignment and improved function due to economic sagittal balance. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and radiological results of PSO after a minimum follow-up of 2years and demonstrate the benefit of sub-group analysis as a function of pelvic incidence (PI).', 'A descriptive prospective single center study of 63 patients presenting with spinal global malalignment who underwent correction by PSO. Function was assessed by the Oswestry disability index (ODI), a visual analog scale of lumbar pain (VAS) and a SF-36 questionnaire. Radiographic analyses of pre- and post-operative pelvic-spinal parameters were performed on X-rays obtained by EOS(®️) imaging after 3D modeling. Global analysis and analysis of sub-groups as a function of pelvic incidence were performed and the full balance integrated index (FBI) was calculated.', 'this series showed a marked clinical improvement and significant progress of functional scores. Global post-operative radiological analysis showed a significant improvement in all pelvic and spinal parameters. The mean correction obtained after PSO was 31.78.4, hence global improvement of lumbar lordosis of 22. The sagittal vertical angle (SVA) decreased from +9cm before surgery to +4.3cm after surgery. Sub-group analysis demonstrated greater improvement in pelvic tilt, sacral slope and spinal parameters of patients with a small or moderate pelvic incidence; all had an FBI index<10. Most of the pelvic and spinal parameters of patients with a large pelvic incidence were insufficiently corrected and they had an FBI index>10
Answer: PSO is a surgical procedure enabling correction of multiplane rigid spinal deformities that require major sagittal correction. It was seen to be highly effective in patients with a small or moderate pelvic incidence (PI<60) but was sometimes less effective in patients with large pelvic incidence due to insufficient lordosis correction. Clinical results were highly correlated with the value of the FBI index.

A: Are clinical and radiological outcomes of lumbar posterior subtraction osteotomies correlated to pelvic incidence and FBI index : Prospective series of 63 cases?
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Q: Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of markers of bone remodeling in assessment of rate of bone loss in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) long term treated with low dose glucocorticoids.', 'The study involved 70 patients with MS. Motor function of the patients was evaluated using the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (KEDSS). Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined at the lumbar spine and proximal femur at baseline and after 1.8 +/- 0.8 years. Bone remodeling was assessed using circulating concentrations of type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (beta CTX), aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and N-MID osteocalcin (OC). A control group of 140 age-matched healthy subjects was used to compare bone-turnover markers.', 'The plasma CTX concentration was the most significant parameter of bone remodeling which correlated with the rate of bone loss and with the KEDSS. The rate of bone loss at the proximal femur was not significantly different between tertiles of plasma OC concentrations.
Answer: In physically active patients with MS treated with low-dose GC, the bone-turnover markers were not different from controls. Patients having plasma CTX but markers of bone formation higher as compared to controls were confirmed 2 years later as bone losers.

A:
Do markers of bone remodeling predict rate of bone loss in multiple sclerosis patients treated with low dose glucocorticoids?
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