Problem: Article: Draw a bowl-shaped line on the board, like a smile. Write the vowels in a row, from left to right, just under the line, in this order: "i, e, a, o,u". Label or draw the end with "i" so it is the front of the mouth and the end with the "u" so it is the back of the mouth at the entrance to the throat. Don't worry about drawing this well, as long as it is looks relatively clear and easy to see. If you are skilled enough to draw a sagittal view, go for it. A sagittal view is a cut-away view that shows the head, mouth, nose, and neck, like the ones you might see in a doctor's office. Ask your student to listen as you pronounce the five pure vowels, with no breaks or coming up for air, moving your mouth and lips in a slow, exaggerated way as you speak. The "i" sound should be pronounced with your lips spread wide like a toothy smile but as you move to the "u" sound, your lips should tighten into a smoochy pucker. This may elicit a few giggles or laughs, but that's fine, as long as it makes them pay attention to the movement of your mouth. Make sure you stress the movement of your tongue as you model the vowels. The tongue should begin in the forward position at the "i" sound, raise up as you continue through the vowels, go into a relaxed position as you say "a" and then back up towards your throat on the "u" sound. Once you have shown this to your student a few times, ask them to try it on their own. Have them practice moving their mouth in a slow, exaggerated way as they say each vowel. You can use any restaurant you'd like, but choosing a familiar fast food chain like Taco Bell may help your student ease into the activity. Make photocopies of a menu from Taco Bell and give it to your student. Have the student read the items aloud, pronouncing the words as they normally would in English. Then, have the student re read the items with the correct Spanish vowels. Ask your student to circle at least five spots they mispronounced and then discuss these issues with them. Create a list on the board of all the words the student had trouble with. Focus on helping the student re read the menu with the correct pronunciation of the Spanish vowels they circled and had a hard time with. As a fun follow-up to this activity, take your student to an authentic Spanish restaurant and have them order foods with Spanish names they may not know (and with the correct pronunciation, of course). Use an existing Spanish sing a long online or build your own using a blackboard and chalk or a dry erase pen. Write out the lyrics to a Spanish song that uses many vowel words on the blackboard. Make sure there is enough room between each line of the song so the student can read the lyrics clearly. As you point to each word in the song, have the student try to read the word out loud. Eventually, have the student string together each word to read or sing aloud one line of the song. Encourage them to continue until they can sing one verse or section of the song. Offer suggestions on their pronunciation and how they can improve their vowel sounds. If there is a recorded version of the song you chose, play it for the student so they are aware of the proper pronunciation of the vowel sounds.
Summary: Demonstrate how your mouth should move for each vowel. Use a Taco Bell menu. Create a Spanish sing a long.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Before you can apply for a Singapore passport, you must have a digital, color photograph of passport-size taken within the past 3 months. ICE has additional technical specifications for the photo available on its Application for Passport On-line Electronic System (APPLES). You can also use a printed passport photo if you prefer to apply for your passport through the mail, or in person at an ICA customer service counter. You can download an application for a passport at https://www.ica.gov.sg/cms/files/forms/IMM%20(E)%2011.pdf, or pick up a paper copy at any of the ICA customer service counters. There are different forms if you are submitting your application through the mail, in person, or online. Make sure you're filling out the correct form. Singapore allows you to submit your application for a passport online, through the mail, or in person. Your application must be accompanied by the S$70 application fee. You can pay your fee using a debit or credit card, or by direct debit from a Singapore bank account. When ICA begins processing your passport application, they issue a pink acknowledgement card and mail it to you. Generally you can expect this card within a week after you submitted your application. This card will include information on when and where you can collect your passport. Keep the card, as you may need to show it when you pick up your passport. This is typically around a month after you submitted your application. When your new passport is ready, go to the ICA building to pick it up in person. You can make an appointment if you want to decrease your wait time. Take with you the pink acknowledgement card, your identity card, and your citizenship certificate. If you don't pick up your new passport within 3 months of the date it is issued, it will be cancelled. Your fees will not be refunded.

SUMMARY: Have passport photos taken. Complete your application. Submit your completed application and photos. Receive your acknowledgement card. Collect your new passport.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Take your notes out and compare them to your from-memory draft. If there's anything major you forgot to include, put it in your second draft. Rather than jumping around to different parts of the story or article, you should explain what happened in the sequence that it happened. This is especially important for summarizing works of fiction. Sometimes in an article or book, the author might make the same point multiple times as a way to underline their main points. In your summary, you don't need to do this. When you're rereading your summary, delete any repetitive points even if the author makes them multiple times, you only need to make them once. If you notice an author has made the same point multiple times, though, it's a good indicator that this is an important point, and it should definitely be in your summary. If you're focused on getting all of the main points down, you might not be paying attention to how the paragraphs of your summary fit together. When you revise, make sure that you connect each paragraph to the next, and back to the main point. For example, in a summary of an article about the cause of the American Revolution, you might have a paragraph that summarizes the author's arguments about taxes, and another about religious freedom. You can say something like, "Although some colonists believed that taxes should entitle them to representation in Parliament, the author also argues that other colonists supported the Revolution because they believed they were entitled to representation in heaven on their own terms." Once you've finished revising the arguments in your draft, check the little things. Make sure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. Look for any additional or missing punctuation and correct that as well. Don't use spell-checker for spelling errors. It will catch if you spell something wrong, but not if you use the wrong spelling of a word. For example, it won't catch that you used "there" when you meant "their." Once you've added anything you might have forgotten to your summary, check how long it is. If you're summarizing something for a school assignment, be sure to stick to the parameters or guidelines provided by your instructor. Generally, a summary should be around one quarter the length of the original piece. So if the original piece is 4 pages long, your summary should be no more than 1 page. Another person may see an argument or point in a completely different light than you have, giving you a new feel for the work and yours. Not only should they be comparing your work for accuracy, ask them to read it for flow and summation. They should be able understand what happened in the article or story by reading your summary alone. Don't hesitate to ask for criticism; then weigh those criticisms and make valid changes.
Summary:
Reread the draft you wrote from memory against your notes. Present the summary in chronological order. Eliminate repetition. Add transitions where necessary. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Check your length. Ask someone else to read your work.