TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act
of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:
(1) It is in the highest strategic interest of the United
States to field a fully operational missile defense system to
defend against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBMs) of rogue nations, including North Korea and Iran.
(2) In the past year, the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea tested a nuclear weapon and an intercontinental ballistic
missile and has made claims that it now possesses the ability
to miniaturize a nuclear warhead.
(3) The ground-based midcourse defense (GMD) element of the
ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) is one of the most
critical capabilities needed to defend the United States
against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles,
conventional and nuclear.
(4) The test program of the Missile Defense Agency provides
vital data to demonstrate the operational effectiveness,
suitability, and survivability of the ballistic missile defense
system, and it contributes to United States nonproliferation
goals by sending a very credible message to the international
community on the ability of the United States to defeat
ballistic missiles in flight, thus reducing their value to
potential adversaries.

SEC. 3. REQUIRED TESTING BY MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY OF GROUND-BASED
MIDCOURSE DEFENSE ELEMENT OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE
SYSTEM.

(a) Testing Required.--Except as provided in subsection (c), not
less frequently than once each fiscal year, the Director of the Missile
Defense Agency shall administer an intercept flight test of the ground-
based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense
system.
(b) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that each test carried
out under subsection (a) provides, when possible, for one or more of
the following:
(1) Validation of the operational effectiveness of the
ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile
defense system.
(2) Use of assets in their operational configuration
against an inventory of targets to assess all aspects of
ground-based midcourse defense elements of the ballistic
missile defense system performance in a variety of flight test
regimes.
(3) Use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints.
(4) Evaluation of new concepts of operations and exercising
tactics, techniques, and procedures.
(5) Mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the
Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse
defense element of the ballistic missile defense system, its
hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its inherent operational
capability.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Nonintercept test.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that conducting the
test would--
(A) jeopardize national security;
(B) not be successful due to specific ground-based
midcourse defense components needing a nonintercept
test; and
(C) likely lead to failure due to impractical time
considerations.
(2) Funding.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that the test is not
sufficiently funded.
(3) National security waiver.--
(A) In general.--The Director may forgo a test
under subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary
of Defense, in consultation with the Director of the
Missile Defense Agency, Director of National
Intelligence, and the Commander of United States
Northern Command (NORTHCOM), determines that the
provision of testing as described in that subsection is
detrimental to the national security interests of the
United States.
(B) Notice required.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days
after forgoing a test pursuant to subparagraph
(A), the Secretary shall submit to the
congressional defense committees notice
regarding the foregone test.
(ii) Elements.--Notice submitted under
clause (i) shall include the following:
(I) The rationale for forgoing the
test.
(II) The national security
interests of the United States
preventing the test.
(III) A plan to complete the
intercept test in the following fiscal
year, which does not affect testing in
following fiscal years.
(iii) Form.--Each notice under clause (ii)
shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but
may include a classified annex.
(d) Congressional Defense Committees Defined.--In this section, the
term ''congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.

SOLUTION: Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act of 2016 This bill requires the Department of Defense (DOD) Missile Defense Agency to administer an intercept flight test of the ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense system at least once each fiscal year. Each test shall provide for: validation of the defense element's operational effectiveness; use of assets in their operational configuration against an inventory of targets to assess performance in a variety of flight test regimes; use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints; evaluation of new concepts of operations, tactics, and techniques; and mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse defense element, its hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its operational capability. The Agency may forgo a test if: it would jeopardize national security, not be successful due to specific ground-based midcourse defense components needing a non-intercept test, and likely fail due to impractical time considerations; or funding is insufficient. The Agency also may forgo a test if DOD determines that the testing is detrimental to U.S. national security interests and provides notice to Congress.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Interstate Transportation of
Municipal Waste Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE.

Subtitle D of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6941 et seq.)
is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''interstate transportation of municipal waste

''Sec. 4011. (a) Authority To Restrict Out-of-State Municipal Waste
Imports.--
''(1) Authority to prohibit.--(A) Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), a Governor may prohibit the disposal of out-
of-State municipal waste in any landfill or incinerator that is
subject to the jurisdiction of the Governor.
''(B) The authority to prohibit disposal of out-of-State
municipal waste shall not apply to--
''(i) landfills in operation on the date of
enactment of this section that--
''(I) received during calendar year 1991
documented shipments of out-of-State municipal
waste; and
''(II) are in compliance with all
applicable Federal and State laws (including
any Federal or State rule or regulation)
relating to design and location standards,
leachate collection, ground water monitoring,
and financial assurance for closure and post-
closure and corrective action;
''(ii) proposed landfills that, prior to January 1,
1993, received--
''(I) an approval from either the affected
local government or the local solid waste
planning unit to receive municipal waste
generated outside the jurisdiction of the
affected local government, the solid waste
planning unit, or the State in which the
landfill is located; and
''(II) a notice of decision from the State
to grant a construction permit; or
''(iii) incinerators in operation on the date of
enactment of this section that--
''(I) received, during calendar year 1991,
documented shipments of out-of-State municipal
waste;
''(II) are in compliance with the
applicable requirements of section 129 of the
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7429); and
''(III) are in compliance with all
applicable Federal and State laws (including
any Federal or State rule or regulation)
relating to facility design, operations, and
emissions.
''(2) Authority to limit.--Beginning with calendar year
1993, a Governor may--
''(A) limit the quantity of out-of-State municipal
waste received for disposal at each landfill or
incinerator in the State to an annual quantity equal to
the quantity of out-of-State municipal waste received
for disposal at the landfill or incinerator during the
calendar year 1991 or 1992, whichever is less; and
''(B) limit the disposal of out-of-State municipal
waste at each landfill or incinerator in the State that
received, during calendar year 1991 or 1992, documented
shipments of more than 50,000 tons of out-of-State
municipal waste representing more than 30 percent of
all municipal waste received at the landfill or
incinerator during the calendar year, by limiting the
quantity of out-of-State municipal waste received for
disposal at such landfill or incinerator to an annual
quantity not greater than 30 percent of all municipal
waste received at the landfill or incinerator during
calendar year 1991 or 1992, whichever is less;
''(C) prohibit the disposal of out-of-State
municipal waste in landfills that do not meet all
applicable Federal and State laws (including any
Federal or State rule or regulation) relating to design
and location standards, leachate collection, ground
water monitoring, and financial assurance for closure
and post-closure and corrective action; and
''(D) prohibit the disposal of out-of-State
municipal waste in incinerators that do not meet all
applicable Federal and State laws (including any
Federal or State rule or regulation) relating to
facility design, operations, and emissions.
''(3) Authority to further limit.--Beginning with calendar
year 1997, a Governor may further limit the disposal of out-of-
State municipal waste as provided in paragraph (2)(B) by
reducing the 30 percent annual quantity limitation to 20
percent in each of calendar years 1998 and 1999, and to 10
percent in each succeeding calendar year.
''(4) Authority with respect to industrial waste.--A
Governor may exercise the authority provided in paragraphs (1),
(2), and (3) with respect to any industrial waste that is to be
disposed of at a landfill or incinerator that receives
municipal solid waste.
''(5) Applicability and discrimination provisions.--Any
limitation imposed by the Governor under paragraph (2)(A),
paragraph (2)(B), or paragraph (3)--
''(A) shall be applicable throughout the State; and
''(B) shall not discriminate against any shipments
of out-of-State municipal waste on the basis of State
of origin.
''(6) Determination of quantity of out-of-state municipal
waste received in states exercising authority.--(A) Any
Governor who intends to exercise the authority provided in this
subsection shall, within 120 days after the date of enactment
of this section, submit to the Administrator information
documenting the quantity of out-of-State municipal waste
received for disposal in the State of the Governor during
calendar years 1991 and 1992.
''(B) On receipt of the information submitted pursuant to
subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall notify the Governor
of each State and the public and shall provide a comment period
of not less than 30 days.
''(C) Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
of this section, the Administrator shall publish a list of the
quantity of out-of-State municipal waste that was received
during calendar years 1991 and 1992, at each landfill and
incinerator in each State in which the Governor intends to
exercise the authority provided in this subsection.
''(b) Authority To Restrict In-State Municipal Waste Exports.--(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2), a Governor of a State may limit or
prohibit the exportation outside the State of municipal waste generated
in the State, in accordance with the comprehensive waste management
plan of the affected local solid waste planning unit, or, if such a
plan does not exist, in accordance with State law.
''(2) A Governor may not limit or prohibit the exportation of
materials consisting solely of materials that have been separated from
municipal waste for recycling.
''(c) Delegation of Authority to Local Governments.--A Governor may
delegate authority provided by subsection (a) or (b), or both, to an
affected local government or to a local solid waste planning unit, if a
local solid waste planning unit exists under State law.
''(d) Designation of Affected Local Government.--Within 90 days
after the date of the enactment of this section, the Governor shall
designate which entity listed in subsection (e)(1) shall serve as the
affected local government for actions taken under subsections (a) and
(b). If the Governor fails to make a designation, the affected local
government for actions taken under this section shall be the city,
town, borough, county, parish, or other political subdivision created
pursuant to State law with primary jurisdiction over the land or the
use of the land on which the landfill or incinerator concerned is
located.
''(e) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
''(1) The term 'affected local government' means the
elected officials of the city, town, borough, county, parish,
or other political subdivision in which a landfill or
incinerator is located.
''(2) The term 'affected local solid waste planning unit'
means a political subdivision of a State with authority
relating to solid waste management planning in accordance with
State law.
''(3) The term 'out-of-State municipal waste' means, with
respect to a State, municipal waste generated outside of the
State. The term includes municipal waste generated outside of
the United States.
''(4) The term 'municipal waste' means refuse (and refuse-
derived fuel) generated by the general public or from a
residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial source
(or any combination thereof), consisting of paper, wood, yard
wastes, plastics, leather, rubber, or other combustible or
noncombustible materials such as metal or glass (or any
combination thereof). The term does not include--
''(A) any solid waste identified or listed as a
hazardous waste under section 3001;
''(B) any solid waste, including contaminated soil
and debris, resulting from a response action taken
under section 104 or 106 of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(42 U.S.C. 9604 or 9606) or a corrective action taken
under this Act;
''(C) any metal, pipe, glass, plastic, paper,
textile, or other material that has been separated or
diverted from municipal waste and has been transported
into the State for the purpose of recycling or
reclamation;
''(D) any solid or industrial waste that is--
''(i) generated by an industrial facility;
and
''(ii) transported for the purpose of
treatment, storage, or disposal to a facility
that is owned or operated by the generator of
the waste, or is located on property owned by
the generator of a company with which the
generator is affiliated;
''(E) any solid waste generated incident to the
provision of service in interstate, intrastate,
foreign, or overseas air transportation;
''(F) any medical waste that is segregated from or
not mixed with municipal waste; or
''(G) any material or product returned from a
dispenser or distributor to the manufacturer for
credit, evaluation, or possible reuse.
''(5) The term 'industrial waste' means waste generated
from manufacturing or industrial processing operations that is
not identical to municipal waste with respect to the physical
and chemical state of the waste and the composition of the
waste. The term includes construction and demolition debris.''.

SEC. 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.

The table of contents of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is amended by
adding at the end of the items relating to subtitle D the following new
item:

''Sec. 4011. Interstate transportation of municipal waste.''.

SOLUTION: Interstate Transportation of Municipal Waste Act of 1993 - Amends the Solid Waste Disposal Act to authorize a State Governor to prohibit the disposal of out-of-State municipal waste in any landfill or incinerator in the State.
Exempts from a Governor's authority to prohibit the disposal of out-of-State waste: (1) landfills that received documented shipments of such waste in 1991 and are in compliance with Federal and State laws relating to design and location standards, leachate collection, groundwater monitoring, and financial assurance for closure and post-closure and corrective action; (2) proposed landfills that, prior to January 1, 1993, received an approval from the affected local government or solid waste planning unit to receive municipal waste generated outside the jurisdiction of the local government, planning unit, or State and a State notice of decision to grant a construction permit; or (3) incinerators that received documented shipments of such waste during 1991 and are in compliance with performance standards under the Clean Air Act and Federal and State laws relating to facility design, operations, and emissions.
Authorizes State Governors, beginning in 1993, to further limit the quantity of out-of-State waste received for disposal, or the disposal of such waste, at specified landfills and incinerators. Applies the authorities of this Act to industrial waste to be disposed of at landfills or incinerators that receive municipal solid waste.
Prohibits discrimination against shipments of out-of-State waste on the basis of State of origin.
Authorizes a State Governor to limit or prohibit the exportation outside the State of municipal waste generated within the State.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Government Accountability Office
Improvement Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORITY TO OBTAIN RECORDS.

(a) Authority To Obtain Records.--Section 716 of title 31, United
States Code, is amended in subsection (a)--
(1) by striking ''(a)'' and inserting ''(2)''; and
(2) by inserting after the section heading the following:
''(a)(1) The Comptroller General is authorized to obtain such
agency records as the Comptroller General requires to discharge his
duties (including audit, evaluation, and investigative duties),
including through the bringing of civil actions under this section. In
reviewing a civil action under this section, the court shall recognize
the continuing force and effect of the authorization in the preceding
sentence until such time as the authorization is repealed pursuant to
law.''.
(b) Interviews.--Section 716(a) of title 31, United States Code, as
amended by subsection (a), is further amended in the second sentence of
paragraph (2) by inserting ''and interview agency officers and
employees'' after ''agency record''.

SEC. 3. ADMINISTERING OATHS.

Section 711 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking
paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
''(4) administer oaths to witnesses, except that, in
matters other than auditing and settling accounts, the
authority of an officer or employee to administer oaths to
witnesses pursuant to a delegation under paragraph (2) shall
not be available without the prior express approval of the
Comptroller General (or a designee).''.

SEC. 4. ACCESS TO CERTAIN INFORMATION.

(a) Access to Certain Information.--Subchapter II of chapter 7 of
title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
''Sec. 721. Access to certain information
''(a) No provision of the Social Security Act shall be construed to
limit, amend, or supersede the authority of the Comptroller General to
obtain any information, to inspect any record, or to interview any
officer or employee under section 716 of this title, including with
respect to any information disclosed to or obtained by the Secretary of
Health and Human Services under part C or D of title XVIII of the
Social Security Act.
''(b) No provision of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
shall be construed to limit, amend, or supersede the authority of the
Comptroller General to obtain any information, to inspect any record,
or to interview any officer or employee under section 716 of this
title, including with respect to any information concerning any method
or process which as a trade secret is entitled to protection.
''(c) No provision of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements
Act of 1976 and the amendments made by that Act shall be construed to
limit, amend, or supersede the authority of the Comptroller General to
obtain any information, to inspect any record, or to interview any
officer or employee under section 716 of this title, including with
respect to any information disclosed to the Assistant Attorney General
of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice or the Federal
Trade Commission for purposes of pre-merger review under section 7A of
the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 18a).
''(d)(1) The Comptroller General shall prescribe such policies and
procedures as are necessary to protect from public disclosure
proprietary or trade secret information obtained consistent with this
section.
''(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed--
''(A) to alter or amend the prohibitions against the
disclosure of trade secret or other sensitive information
prohibited by section 1905 of title 18 and other applicable
laws; or
''(B) to affect the applicability of section 716(e) of this
title, including the protections against unauthorized
disclosure contained in that section, to information obtained
consistent with this section.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 7 of title 31,
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
section 720 the following:

''721. Access to certain information.''.

SEC. 5. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORTS.

Section 719 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by striking ''and'' at the
end;
(2) in subsection (b)(1)(C), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ''; and'';
(3) by adding at the end of subsection (b)(1) the
following:
''(D) for agencies subject to sections 901 to 903 and other
agencies designated by the Comptroller General, an assessment
of their overall degree of cooperation in making personnel
available for interview, providing written answers to
questions, submitting to an oath authorized by the Comptroller
General under section 711, granting access to records,
providing timely comments to draft reports, adopting
recommendations in reports and responding to such other matters
as the Comptroller General deems appropriate.'';
(4) in subsection (c)(2)(B), by striking ''and'' at the
end;
(5) in subsection (c)(3), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ''; and'', and
(6) by adding at the end of subsection (c) the following:
''(4) as soon as practicable when an agency does not,
within a reasonable time, respond to a request by the
Comptroller General regarding any matter described in
subsection (b)(1)(D).''.

Passed the House of Representatives July 29, 2008.

Attest:

LORRAINE C. MILLER,

Clerk.

SOLUTION:
Government Accountability Office Improvement Act of 2008 - Authorizes the Comptroller General to: (1) obtain federal agency records required to discharge his or her duties, including through bringing civil actions under this Act; (2) interview agency officers and employees to get information about agency duties, powers, activities, organization, and financial transactions; and (3) administer oaths to witnesses (currently, the Comptroller General may administer oaths to witnesses when auditing and settling accounts).

Requires the Comptroller General to prescribe such policies and procedures as are necessary to protect from public disclosure proprietary or trade secret information obtained under this Act.

Declares that no provision of the Social Security Act, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 shall be construed to limit, amend, or supersede the authority of the Comptroller General to obtain information, inspect records, or interview specified agency officers or employees, including with respect to: (1) information disclosed to or obtained by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under the Social Security Act; (2) information concerning any method or process protected as a trade secret; and (3) information disclosed to the Assistant Attorney General of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ) or the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) for purposes of pre-merger review under the Clayton Act. Declares that this Act shall not be construed to: (1) alter or amend the prohibitions against the disclosure of trade secret or other sensitive information; and (2) affect the applicability of requirements governing the availability of agency information to information obtained.

Requires the Comptroller General to: (1) report annually on the cooperation of agencies subject to the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 and other agencies designated by the Comptroller General in making personnel available for interviews, providing written answers to questions, submitting to an oath authorized by the Comptroller General, granting access to records, providing timely comments to draft reports, adopting report recommendations, and responding to such matters as the Comptroller General deems appropriate; and (2) report to Congress when agencies do not respond to requests regarding such matters.