Problem:OPTIONS:
- lava flow
- magma runoff
- saltwater lava
- pillow lava

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pillow lava is created from lava that enters the water. The volcanic vent may be underwater. The lava may flow over land and enter the water ( Figure below ). Once in the water, the lava cools very quickly. The lava forms round rocks that resemble pillows. Pillow lava is particularly common along mid-ocean ridges. Q: Lava that enters the water is called what? A:
****
A: pillow lava

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The octopi in the above two videos are both opening jars. Observe their behavior closely. Do you think they are both displaying the same type of learning? Explain your reasoning fully, and be as specific as you can be. Q: What type of symmetry does an octopus have? A:
OPTIONS:
- internal
- quadrilateral
- essential
- bilateral
bilateral

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What step, involving placement of a substance on the stigma, precedes fertilization? A:
OPTIONS:
- mitosis
- spawning
- hibernation
- pollination

Answer: pollination

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ions such as sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), and chloride (Cl - ), are important for many cell functions. Because they are charged (polar), these ions do not diffuse through the membrane. Instead they move through ion channel proteins where they are protected from the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. Ion channels allow the formation of a concentration gradient between the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. Ion channels are very specific, as they allow only certain ions through the cell membrane. Some ion channels are always open, others are "gated" and can be opened or closed. Gated ion channels can open or close in response to different types of stimuli, such as electrical or chemical signals. Q: Because they are charged (polar), these ions do not diffuse through what? A:
OPTIONS:
- substrate
- cell wall
- protein
- membrane
Answer: membrane

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: If a stalactite and stalagmite join together, they form a column . One of the wonders of visiting a cave is to witness the beauty of these amazing and strangely captivating structures. Q: When a stalactite and stalagmite join together, they form a what? A:
OPTIONS:
- ladder
- cave
- joint
- column
output: column

Problem: OPTIONS:
- fast, slow, normal
- big, small. and medium
- air, water, and land
- solid, liquid, and gas
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: is the phase (or state) of matter. The three fundamental phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas (see Figure 1.1 "The Phases of Matter"). Chemical properties are characteristics of matter that describe how matter changes form in the presence of other matter. Does a sample of matter burn? Burning is a chemical property. Does it behave violently when put in water? This reaction is a chemical property as well (Figure 1.2 "Chemical Properties"). In the following chapters, we will see how descriptions of physical and chemical properties are important aspects of chemistry. If matter always stayed the same, chemistry would be rather boring. Fortunately, a major part of chemistry involves change. A physical change occurs when a sample of matter changes one or more of its physical properties. For example, a solid may melt (Figure 1.3 "Physical Changes"), or alcohol in a thermometer may change volume as the temperature changes. A physical change does not affect the chemical composition of matter. A chemical change is the process of demonstrating a chemical property, such as the burning match in Figure 1.2 "Chemical Properties". As the matter in the match burns, its chemical composition changes, and new forms of matter with new physical properties are created. Note that chemical changes are frequently accompanied by physical changes, as the new matter will likely have different physical properties from the original matter. Q: What are the three fundamental phases of matter? A:
Answer:
solid, liquid, and gas