Answer the following question given this paragraph: Wave energy does the work of erosion at the shore. Waves erode sediments from cliffs and shorelines. The sediment in ocean water acts like sandpaper. Over time, they erode the shore. The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause ( Figure below ). Q: What type of energy causes erosion at the shore? A:

OPTIONS:
- tidal
- potential
- kinetic
- wave

Answer: wave

Problem: OPTIONS:
- legs
- head
- neck
- backbone or a spinal column
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms. Q: Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this? A:
Answer: backbone or a spinal column

Problem:OPTIONS:
- the mesosphere
- the crust
- the core
- the mantle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Convergent plate boundaries also produce strong, deadly earthquakes. Earthquakes mark the motions of colliding plates and the locations where plates plunge into the mantle. These earthquakes can be shallow, intermediate or deep focus. Q: Earthquakes mark the motions of colliding plates and the locations where plates plunge into what? A:
****
A: the mantle

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind. Q: What is moving air called? A:
OPTIONS:
- steam
- clouds
- humidity
- wind
wind

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Two separate membranes form the mitochondrion. The inner membrane folds into cristae which divide the organelle into three compartments: the intermembrane space (between outer and inner membranes), cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (within the inner membrane). The Krebs Cycle takes place within the matrix. The compartments are critical for the electron transport chain structure and function. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the products of glycolysis entering the mitochondria to continue cellular respiration. Q: How many membranes form the mitochondrion structure of a cell? A:
OPTIONS:
- one
- five
- three
- two

Answer: two

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Varying Rates of Speciation Scientists around the world study speciation, documenting observations both of living organisms and those found in the fossil record. As their ideas take shape and as research reveals new details about how life evolves, they develop models to help explain rates of speciation. In terms of how quickly speciation occurs, two patterns are currently observed: gradual speciation model and punctuated equilibrium model. In the gradual speciation model, species diverge gradually over time in small steps. In the punctuated equilibrium model, a new species undergoes changes quickly from the parent species, and then remains largely unchanged for long periods of time afterward (Figure 18.23). This early change model is called punctuated equilibrium, because it begins with a punctuated or periodic change and then remains in balance afterward. While punctuated equilibrium suggests a faster tempo, it does not necessarily exclude gradualism. Q: Scientists around the world study speciation, documenting observations both of living organisms and those found in the fossil record. as their ideas take shape and as research reveals new details about how life evolves, they develop models to help explain what? A:
OPTIONS:
- spontaneous mutation
- creation theory
- food chains
- rates of speciation
output:
rates of speciation