Q: The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mulhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 18711918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.

1. Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni.
2. No
3. Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss
4. Rhine
5. 5th century AD
6. Battle of Tolbiac
7. Christian
8. the Treaty of Verdun
9. the Frankish realm was formally dissolved
10. the grandsons of Charlemagne
11. three
12. It was divided into three parts
13. Lotharingia, or Lorraine
14. No
15. Swabia
16. 17th century
17. Lorraine
18. No
19. Germany
20. four

Numbered questions:
1. What happened to the Alsace region with the fall of Rome?
2. Were these mostly hunters?
3. What languages did they influence?
4. What river runs through the area?
5. When did Alsace get integrated into Austrasia?
6. What was the fight that led to that?
7. What religion did they practice after that?
8. What happened in 843?
9. What did that do?
10. Who split up the area?
11. How many pieces?
12. What later happened to the part that Alsace was in?
13. Of those, what was Alsace's division called?
14. Did Lotharingia last a long time?
15. What did Alsace become next?
16. When did France first get control of the area?
17. What else is Alsace known as?
18. Did France keep control of the region ever since?
19. What other country had it?
20. How many times did it change hands in the 19th and 20th centuries?

CHAPTER VI

Singing of birds at her window awakened Lenore. The dawn streamed in bright and sweetly fragrant. The wheat-fields seemed a rosy gold, and all that open slope called to her thrillingly of the beauty of the world and the happiness of youth. It was not possible to be morbid at dawn. "I hear! I hear!" she whispered. "From a thousand slopes far and wide!"

At the breakfast-table, when there came opportunity, she looked up serenely and said, "Father, on second thought I will go the Bend, thank you!"

Anderson laid down his knife and fork and his eyes opened wide in surprise. "Changed your mind!" he exclaimed.

"That's a privilege I have, you know," she replied, calmly.

Mrs. Anderson appeared more anxious than surprised. "Daughter, don't go. That will be a fearful ride."

"Hum! Sure glad to have you, lass," added Anderson, with his keen eyes on her.

"Let me go, too," begged Rose.

Kathleen was solemnly gazing at Lenore, with the wise, penetrating eyes of extreme youth.

"Lenore, I'll bet you've got a new beau up there," she declared.

Lenore flushed scarlet. She was less angry with her little sister than with the incomprehensible fact of a playful word bringing the blood stingingly to her neck and face.

"Kitty, you forget your manners," she said, sharply.

"Kit is fresh. She's an awful child," added Rose, with a superior air.

"I didn't say a thing," cried Kathleen, hotly. "Lenore, if it isn't true, why'd you blush so red?"

"Hush, you silly children!" ordered the mother, reprovingly. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What woke Lenore up?
2. Was it a dark morning?
3. Did she live in the mountains?
4. What was her house surrounded by?
5. Is she an older woman?
6. Is she usually in a bad mood in the morning?
7. How many people were at breakfast?
8. Were her brothers there?
9. Was her dad there?
10. What did she inform him that she would do?
11. Had she switched her position on this topic?
12. Was he glad?
13. Was her mom happy about her decision?
14. Why not?
Answer:
1. Singing of birds
2. No
3. No
4. wheat-fields
5. No
6. No
7. unknown
8. No
9. Yes
10. she'd go to the bend
11. Yes
12. No
13. No
14. it would be a fearful ride