on friday we can expect mostly cloudy weather. morning temperatures will be around 15 c. during the day they will reach a maximum of 21 c. low temperatures at night will be around 12c. there will be moderate to brisk westerly winds.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: On Friday we can expect mostly cloudy weather. Morning temperatures will be around 15 C. During the day they will reach a maximum of 21 C. Low temperatures at night will be around 12C. There will be moderate to brisk westerly winds.
although the volume of global carbon transactions increased 80 percent between 2008 and 2009, average global carbon prices fell from us $28 to $17 per ton of carbon dioxide-equivalent (co2e), according to our latest vital signs online trend.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: Although the volume of global carbon transactions increased 80 percent between 2008 and 2009, average global carbon prices fell from US $28 to $17 per ton of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e), according to our latest Vital Signs Online trend.
your dog may have a brief recovery period of one to four months.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: Your dog may have a brief recovery period of one to four months.
the grid design of the streets makes it extremely easy to find your way around.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: The grid design of the streets makes it extremely easy to find your way around.