Answer the following question given this paragraph: Adrenaline, or epinephrine, is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dilates air passages, and participates in the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is produced in the adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland. So how does it effect processes all over the body?. Q: What neurotransmitter is associated with the fight-or-flight response? Choices: - stomach acid - bile - endorphins - adrenaline A:
adrenaline
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mycorrhizae: The Symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots A nutrient depletion zone can develop when there is rapid soil solution uptake, low nutrient concentration, low diffusion rate, or low soil moisture. These conditions are very common; therefore, most plants rely on fungi to facilitate the uptake of minerals from the soil. Fungi form symbiotic associations called mycorrhizae with plant roots, in which the fungi actually are integrated into the physical structure of the root. The fungi colonize the living root tissue during active plant growth. Through mycorrhization, the plant obtains mainly phosphate and other minerals, such as zinc and copper, from the soil. The fungus obtains nutrients, such as sugars, from the plant root (Figure 31.11). Mycorrhizae help increase the surface area of the plant root system because hyphae, which are narrow, can spread beyond the nutrient depletion zone. Hyphae can grow into small soil pores that allow access to phosphorus that would otherwise be unavailable to the plant. The beneficial effect on the plant is best observed in poor soils. The benefit to fungi is that they can obtain up to 20 percent of the total carbon accessed by plants. Mycorrhizae functions as a physical barrier to pathogens. It also provides an induction of generalized host defense mechanisms, and sometimes involves production of antibiotic compounds by the fungi. Q: Mycorrhizae functions as a physical barrier to what? Choices: - parasites - bacteria - vaccines - pathogens A:
pathogens
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When a capacitor is placed in a circuit, current does not actually travel across it. Rather, equal and opposite charge begins to build up on opposite sides of the capacitor --- mimicking a current --- until the electric field in the capacitor creates a potential difference across it that balances the voltage drop across any parallel resistors or the voltage source itself (if there are no resistors in parallel with the capacitor). The ratio of charge on a capacitor to potential difference across it is called capacitance. Q: What is the ratio of charge on a capacitor to potential difference across it called? Choices: - velocity - electromagnetism - resonance - capacitance A:
A: capacitance
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In this equation, two substances combine to make a single substance. This is a composition reaction. Two different substances react to make two new substances. This does not fit the definition of either a composition reaction or a decomposition reaction, so it is neither. In fact, you may recognize this as a double-replacement reaction. A single substance reacts to make multiple substances. This is a decomposition reaction. Q: What type of reaction causes two substances to combine to make a single substance? Choices: - component reaction - spontaneous mutation - metabolism - composition reaction A:
Answer: composition reaction
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Consultations with human geneticists and genetic counselors are an important first step in genetic testing. They will most likely prescribe some sort of prenatal screening (see the Human Genetics: Diagnosis and Treatment (Advanced) concept). Prenatal screening (also known as prenatal diagnosis or prenatal testing) is the testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. Methods may involve amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling to remove fetal cells. DNA can be isolated from these cells and analyzed. If the mutation that results in the phenotype is known, that specific base can be analyzed, either through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or, more likely, through PCR and DNA sequence analysis. As it is the baby's DNA that is being analyzed, the analysis will determine if the developing baby will have the mutation and develop the phenotype, or not have the mutation. Parents can then be informed of the probability of the baby developing the disease. Q: What is the testing for disease in a fetus or embryo? Choices: - complete screening - placental screening - dynamic screening - prenatal screening A:
**Answer**
prenatal screening
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Did you ever see a dog sit on command? Have you ever watched a cat trying to catch a mouse? These are just two examples of the many behaviors of animals. Animal behavior includes all the ways that animals interact with each other and the environment. Examples of common animal behaviors are pictured in Figure below . Q: What behavior includes all the ways that animals interact with each other and the environment? Choices: - adaptation - interdependence - instinct - animal behavior A:
A: animal behavior