In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: A definitive study on this engagement was authored by Hugh Cole, who devotes a section to discussing the Losheim Gap. It also stresses the importance of the oft-overlooked Operation Bodenplatte carried out on a holiday and alternately known as Operation Hermann. The clash saw the murder of the Wereth 11, a group of waylaid black soldiers, and courageous stands at St. Vith and Bastogne, which turned the fight and made up for failure to garner intelligence through ULTRA. Anthony McAuliffe became famous for his reply of "Nuts" and Patton for his diary statement that it was "lovely weather for killing Germans. " FTP, name this final German offensive of World War II also known as the Battle of the Ardennes.
[EX A]: History

[EX Q]: The elimination mechanism by which the dehydration of its major product occurs necessarily involves the abstraction of an acidic hydrogen and displacement of the leaving group. The catalyst in this reaction itself is regenerated from the deprotonation of water in its final step, which results in the conversion of its intermediate, an alkoxide. An aldehyde or ketone had originally undergone a nucleophilic-addition-type process to produce that alkoxide, which had converted it from a nucleophilic enolate using a hydroxide ion catalyst. Producing a final product known as a beta-hydroxyaldehyde, FTP, name this condensation reaction whose name combines that of its two final products.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: For a uniformly magnetized sample, where H is the magnetic field strength, this quantity can be defined as F - HMV. In an ordinary system, its proper variables are temperature and pressure, and it equals F + PV, where F is the Helmholtz free energy. For a reaction, if the change in this quantity is negative, then the reaction will be spontaneous. FTP, often symbolized by either phi or G, identify this type of free energy named for an American physicist.
[EX A]:
Science