Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mulhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 18711918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years.

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.

1. What did the Alemannian's language help create?
2. What part of Lothar's realm was given to his son?
3. Why didn't his kingdom last long?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. modern-day dialects
2. Lotharingia
3. unknown

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Cyprus (i/saprs/; Greek: IPA: [cipros]; Turkish: Kbrs IPA: [kbs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: ; Turkish: Kbrs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece.

The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).

1. what did archaeologists find?
2. from what time frame?
3. where is it located?
4. who were the settlers in the area?
5. when did they settle?
6. how many people occupied it?
7. was it ever conquered?
8. by who?
9. when did they hold power?
10. is it the most populated place in the Sea?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. the Neolithic village of Khirokitia
2. from the 10th millennium BC
3. in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
4. by Mycenaean Greeks
5. the 2nd millennium BC
6. Nine
7. yes
8. The Ottoman's
9. between 1571 and 1878
10. no

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER V

CASTELL'S SECRET

In John Castell's house it was the habit, as in most others in those days, for his dependents, clerks, and shopmen to eat their morning and mid-day meals with him in the hall, seated at two lower tables, all of them save Betty, his daughter's cousin and companion, who sat with them at the upper board. This morning Betty's place was empty, and presently Castell, lifting his eyes, for he was lost in thought, noted it, and asked where she might be--a question that neither Margaret nor Peter could answer.

One of the servants at the lower table, however--it was that man who had been sent to follow d'Aguilar on the previous night--said that as he came down Holborn a while before he had seen her walking with the Spanish don, a saying at which his master looked grave.

Just as they were finishing their meal, a very silent one, for none of them seemed to have anything to say, and after the servants had left the hall, Betty arrived, flushed as though with running.

"Where have you been that you are so late?" asked Castell.

"To seek the linen for the new sheets, but it was not ready," she answered glibly. "The mercer kept you waiting long," remarked Castell quietly. "Did you meet any one?"

"Only the folk in the street."

"I will ask you no more questions, lest I should cause you to lie and bring you into sin," said Castell sternly. "Girl, how far did you walk with the Senor d'Aguilar, and what was your business with him?"

1. Where did John eat?
2. For what meals?
3. Who joined him?
4. Who sat at the upper table?
5. How many lower ones were there?
6. Who was missing this morning?
7. Who noticed?
8. Did Margeret know her whereabouts?
9. Did Peter?
10. Who saw her last?
11. Who did he see her with?
12. Was it a lively and conversational meal?
13. Did Betty arrive?
14. Did she lie about her whereabouts?
15. To whom?
16. What was her excuse for being late?
17. Was she flushed?
18. As if she had been what?
19. Did Castell know she was lying?
20. What was the name of the Spanish don?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. in the hall
2. morning and mid-day
3. his dependents, clerks, and shopmen
4. Betty
5. two
6. Betty
7. Castell
8. no
9. no
10. One of the servants at the lower table
11. the Spanish don
12. no
13. yes
14. yes
15. Castell
16. To seek the linen for the new sheets
17. yes
18. running
19. yes
20. Senor d'Aguilar