TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: In political thought, this man contributed a comparison of socialism, anarchism, and syndicalism, three of the titular Roads to Freedom. In another work sometimes viewed as a sequel to his What I Believe, he critiqued organized religion and as a whole, writing that "No one can sit at the bedside of a dying child and claim to believe in God" in an attempt to explain Why I Am Not a (*) Christian. Other works by this man include one written with Alfred North Whitehead, in which he explained the whole of mathematics in terms of logical expressions. For 10 points, name this modern British philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: A weight of the nth power of this parameter is imputed to contributions to elements of an S matrix by nth-order Feynman diagrams; thus, this number can be considered the order of expansion in perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This constant is a measure of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, which explains its role in the relativistic splitting of atomic spectral lines that is its namesake. The coupling constant for the electromagnetic interactions of electrons, it is equal to the square of the ratio of the electron and Planck charges, or, in cgs units, the electron charge squared divided by the speed of light times Diracs constant. For ten points, name this physical constant usually denoted alpha and equal to about one over one hundred thirty-seven.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Richard Lindzen first described the Quasi-Billenial Oscillation here. Dobson units are used to measure the concentration of a key compound in this layer whose lower boundary is marked by a temperature inversion from a lower level. Aerosols in this layer of the Earth's atmosphere can cool climate due to their long atmospheric lifetime here. Exchange with its lower neighbor occurs through Rossby wave propagation in polar regions, but this region lacks the high energy particles found in higher regions. For 10 points, name this layer of the atmosphere between 100 and 10 millibars of pressure which can be found directly above the troposphere and which contains the ozone layer.

SOLUTION:
Science