Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Cyclovirobuxinum D (CVB-D), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Buxus microphylla, has been found to be effective to treat cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CVB-D on the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro and the underlying mechanisms.', 'Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of LPS (0.1 g/mL) for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The release of NO and cytokines were detected using the Griess test and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze the transcriptional activity of NF-B.', 'Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CVB-D (25-300 mol/L) did not affect the cell viability. Pretreatment with CVB-D (50, 100 and 200 mol/L) concentration-dependently decreased NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells (its IC50 value in inhibition of NO production was 144 mol/L). CVB-D also concentration-dependently inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of IL-1 and IL-6 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, CVB-D remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, as well as JAK2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, but did not affect the activation of NF-B and MAPKs pathways. Pretreatment with the JAK2 specific inhibitor AG490 (30 mol/L) produced similar effects on NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells.

Output: Does cyclovirobuxinum D suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages in vitro by blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway?

Input: Consider Input: An abnormal ratio of vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1 may be involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).', 'To evaluate the pharmacological actions of Ponatinib (AP) in experimental model of PAH, the effects of AP on TGF-1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), and the hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) proliferation and HPMEC in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PAH in vivo were investigated.', 'AP treatment resulted in a reduction of EndoMT in HPMECs with a decrease of vimentin, whereas an increase of VE-cadherin, reduction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasohibin-2 (VASH-2), whereas an increase of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) in the hypoxic HPMEC, a reduction of the HPASMC proliferation with decreases of wnt5a, -catenin and cyclin D1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of FGF-2, VEGF, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VASH-2 expression, whereas an increase of VASH-1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of the pathological score and the collagen deposition. In addition, AP ameliorated hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Output: Does ponatinib attenuate experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating Wnt signaling and vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1?

Input: Consider Input: To explore the protective effect of the Phyllanthus Urinaria (PU) extract on the N-cadherin expression in the testicular tissues disrupted by nitrogen mustard (HN2) in vivo.', 'HN2 was intraperitoneally injected into male KM mice at the dose of 5 mg/kg to make reproductive toxicity models, and at the same time PU was administered for intervention at the dose of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. N-cadherin distribution, mRNA and protein expression in the testicular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting.', 'N-cadherin was mainly distributed in the membrane and cytoplasm of Sertoli cells at the basement of seminiferous epithelia, Leydig cells and peritubular cells, scarcely expressed in the basement of seminiferous epithelia and peritubular cells after HN2 administration. The expressions of mRNA and proteins of N-cadherin were significantly elevated with the increased dose of PU (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal control, the distribution and expression of N-cadherin showed no significant differences in either the high-dose PU group or the HN2 with high-dose PU intervention group (P > 0.05).
Output: Does [ Phyllanthus urinaria extract promote N-cadherin expression in nitrogen mustard-disrupted testicular tissues in vivo ]?