Context and question: In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (19872005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.
When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have?
Answer: more than $70 million
Context and question: One CATOBAR carrier: Sao Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. Sao Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 20052010, Sao Paulo underwent extensive modernization. At the end of 2010, sea trials began, and as of 2011[update] Sao Paulo had been evaluated by the CIASA (Inspection Commission and Training Advisory). She was expected to rejoin the fleet in late 2013, but suffered another major fire in 2012.
Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?
Answer: the French Navy
Context and question: Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became widely accepted.
When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?
Answer:
the 18th century