Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The effects of which kind of selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals? A:

OPTIONS:
- topical selection
- stranger selection
- unnatural selection
- kin selection

Answer: kin selection

Problem: OPTIONS:
- subunits
- strands
- molecules
- ligands
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached ligands. Brackets in a formula enclose the coordination sphere; species outside the brackets are not part of the coordination sphere. The coordination number of the central metal ion or atom is the number of donor atoms bonded to it. The coordination number for the silver ion in [Ag(NH3)2]+ is two (Figure 19.14). For the copper(II) ion in [CuCl4]2, the coordination number is four, whereas for the cobalt(II) ion in [Co(H2O)6]2+ the coordination number is six. Each of these ligands is monodentate, from the Greek for "one toothed," meaning that they connect with the central metal through only one atom. In this case, the number of ligands and the coordination number are equal. Q: The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached what? A:
Answer: ligands

Problem:OPTIONS:
- degradation
- adaptation
- infection
- mutation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mutations, a change in the DNA or RNA sequence, may have no effect, may be beneficial or may be harmful. There are numerous ways that the genetic information can be changed. Some of these changes can be inherited. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations , which can be passed on to descendants, and somatic mutations , which cannot be transmitted to the next generation. Germline mutations change the DNA sequence within a sperm or egg cell, and therefore can be inherited. This inherited mutation may result in a class of diseases known as a genetic disease. The mutation may lead to a nonfunctional protein, and the embryo may not develop properly or survive. Somatic mutations may affect the proper functioning of the cell with the mutation. During DNA replication, the mutation will be copied. The two daughter cells formed after cell division will both carry the mutation. This may lead to the development of many cells that do not function optimally, resulting a less than optimal phenotype. Various types of mutations can all have severe effects on the individual. These include point mutations, framehift mutations and chromosomal alterations. Keep in mind, some mutations may be beneficial or have no effect. Mutations that have no effect will not affect the expression of the gene or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. Q: What do you call a change in the dna or rna sequence? A:
****
A: mutation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei. This type of reaction releases a great deal of energy from a very small amount of matter. It begins when the nucleus of a radioactive atom gains a neutron. Q: What term describes the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei? A:
OPTIONS:
- nuclean fusion
- atomic reaction
- critical fission
- nuclear fission
nuclear fission

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sometimes two different minerals have the same chemical composition. But they are different minerals because they have different crystal structures. Diamonds are beautiful gemstones because they are very pretty and very hard. Graphite is the "lead" in pencils. It's not hard at all! Amazingly, both are made just of carbon. Compare the diamond with the pencil lead in Figure below . Why are they so different? The carbon atoms in graphite bond to form layers. The bonds between each layer are weak. The carbon sheets can just slip past each other. The carbon atoms in diamonds bond together in all three directions. This strong network makes diamonds very hard. Q: Graphite and diamond both are made from carbon. what makes diamonds so hard? A:
OPTIONS:
- weak atomic network
- strong metallic network
- strong light network
- strong atomic network

Answer: strong atomic network

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Recall that our DNA is wound into chromosomes . Each of our chromosomes contains a long chain of DNA that encodes hundreds, if not thousands, of genes. Each of these genes can have slightly different versions from individual to individual. These variants of genes are called alleles . Each parent only donates one allele for each gene to an offspring. Q: What are variants of genes called? A:
OPTIONS:
- antigens
- mutations
- allergens
- alleles
output:
alleles