Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Whether moderate to severe obesity (body mass index (BMI)30 to <40kg/m(2)) contributes to breast cancer recurrence and mortality remains uncertain.', '1199 women, recruited within 12 months of their diagnosis of hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) invasive breast cancer completed an enrolment questionnaire and an annual follow-up questionnaire every 12 months for another 5 years. The impact of obesity on time to either local or distant recurrence or new breast cancer, or death due to breast cancer was determined by Cox regression. Women in the most extreme categories of BMI (<18.5 and 40) were excluded from the analysis.', 'Of the 1155 included women, mean age, 58.411.6 years, 53.8% had Stage 1 disease and 88.9% received oral adjuvant endocrine therapy (OAET) within 2 years of diagnosis. The likelihood of an event was significantly associated with moderate to severe obesity (HR=1.71, 95%CI, 1.12-2.62, p=0.014), disease beyond Stage 1 (HR=2.87, 95% CI 1.73-4.75, p<0.001), OAET (HR=0.26, 95%CI 0.14-0.46, p<0.001), mastectomy (HR=3.28, 95%CI 1.98-5.44, p<0.001) and radiotherapy (HR=2.12, 95%CI 1.24-3.63, p=0.006). For Stage 1 disease, only moderate to severe obesity (HR 3.23, 95%CI 1.48-7.03, p=0.003) and OAET use (HR 0.41, 95%CI 0.17-0.98, p=0.046) were significantly associated with an event.

Answer: 1

Question: Severity of pancreatitis seems to be aggravated by impairment of vascular perfusion of the gland. Early mortality occurs within the first few days from the acute consequences of pancreatic injury with subsequent inflammatory response. Because vasoactive substances, including endothelin, seem to contribute to early mortality in acute pancreatitis, we tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of endothelin action could alter the outcome after severe experimental pancreatitis.', 'In two groups of rats, pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion into the pancreatic duct of 1 microL/g body weight (b.w.) of either a 4% or a 5% sodium taurocholate solution. The mixed endothelin A and endothelin B receptor antagonist bosentan (20 mg/kg b.w.) or vehicle was injected intravenously in 12-h intervals for 3 d starting 1 h after induction of bile acid pancreatitis. This dose of bosentan is known to completely inhibit the effect of exogenous endothelin. The survival rate was monitored for 7 d. Thereafter, the surviving rats were sacrificed and the pancreas was prepared for histological and biochemical evaluation.', 'Irrespective of the treatment protocol (bosentan versus saline), survival was not different in animals challenged with either 4% or 5% sodium taurocholate. The corresponding survival rates were 62% with bosentan and 77% without bosentan in the 4% sodium taurocholate group. In the 5% sodium taurocholate group, the survival rates were 20% with and 27% without bosentan. Morphological and biochemical alterations were identical in control as well as in endothelin-antagonist-treated rats.

Answer: 0

Question: GRAF is a recognized tumor suppressor gene that was found inactivated in AML. However, the prognostic role of a GRAF transcript has not been studied in patients with AML.', 'In this study, we investigated the expression of the GRAF transcript by real time quantitative PCR in 60 AML patients and 30 healthy age and sex matched controls.', 'GRAF expression was significantly lower in patients with AML when compared to controls (P=0.008). There were no significant differences in clinical features, FAB subtypes and cytogenetic risk subgroups between patients with high and low GRAF expression levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high GRAF expression had longer overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that, besides WBC count, GRAF expression was also an independent prognostic factor for AML.

Answer:
0