Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 40.13 Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells found in cardiac tissue. (credit: modification of work by Dr. Girod, Anton Becker; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). Q: Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells found where? A:

OPTIONS:
- in the diaphram
- in lung tissue
- in the intestines
- in cardiac tissue

Answer: in cardiac tissue

Problem: OPTIONS:
- blood
- flight
- damage
- disease
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Viruses are so small that they can be seen only with an electron microscope. Before electron microscopes were invented, scientists knew viruses must exist. How did they know? They had demonstrated that particles smaller than bacteria cause disease. Q: They had demonstrated that particles smaller than bacteria cause what? A:
Answer: disease

Problem:OPTIONS:
- species theory
- evolution theory
- fossil theory
- gene theory

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The gene theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the instructions to encode a protein. Genes are located on larger structures, called chromosomes , that are found inside every cell. Chromosomes, in turn, contain large molecules known as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. To see how this happens, click on the animation titled Journey into DNA at the following link: http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/genome/dna. html . Q: Which theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring? A:
****
A: gene theory

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Enzyme Compartmentalization In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different organelles. This allows for yet another level of regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for more efficient chemical reactions. Examples of this sort of enzyme regulation based on location and proximity include the enzymes involved in the latter stages of cellular respiration, which take place exclusively in the mitochondria, and the enzymes involved in the digestion of cellular debris and foreign materials, located within lysosomes. Feedback Inhibition in Metabolic Pathways Molecules can regulate enzyme function in many ways. A major question remains, however: What are these molecules and where do they come from? Some are cofactors and coenzymes, ions, and organic molecules, as you've learned. What other molecules in the cell provide enzymatic regulation, such as allosteric modulation, and competitive and noncompetitive inhibition? The answer is that a wide variety of molecules can perform these roles. Some of these molecules include pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical drugs, toxins, and poisons from the environment. Perhaps the most relevant sources of enzyme regulatory molecules, with respect to cellular metabolism, are the products of the cellular metabolic reactions themselves. In a most efficient and elegant way, cells have evolved to use the products of their own reactions for feedback inhibition of enzyme activity. Feedback inhibition involves the use of a reaction product to regulate its own further production (Figure 6.21). The cell responds to the abundance of specific products by slowing down production during anabolic or catabolic reactions. Such reaction products may inhibit the enzymes that catalyzed their production through the mechanisms described above. Q: In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different what? A:
OPTIONS:
- organisms
- atoms
- electrons
- organelles
organelles

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Matter can be classified on the basis of how light interacts with it. Matter may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Each type of matter is illustrated in Figure below . Q: Matter can be classified on the basis of how what interacts with it? A:
OPTIONS:
- air
- gravity
- water
- light

Answer: light

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mammalian Systems In mammals, pulmonary ventilation occurs via inhalation (breathing). During inhalation, air enters the body through the nasal cavity located just inside the nose (Figure 39.7). As air passes through the nasal cavity, the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified. The respiratory tract is coated with mucus to seal the tissues from direct contact with air. Mucus is high in water. As air crosses these surfaces of the mucous membranes, it picks up water. These processes help equilibrate the air to the body conditions, reducing any damage that cold, dry air can cause. Particulate matter that is floating in the air is removed in the nasal passages via mucus and cilia. The processes of warming, humidifying, and removing particles are important protective mechanisms that prevent damage to the trachea and lungs. Thus, inhalation serves several purposes in addition to bringing oxygen into the respiratory system. Q: Pulmonary ventilation in mammals occurs via what? A:
OPTIONS:
- inflammation
- osmosis
- ingestion
- inhalation
output:
inhalation