Answer the following question given this paragraph: Imagine you are stranded in a rowboat in the middle of the ocean. Suddenly, your boat springs a small leak, and you need to bail out water. You grab a bucket and begin to bail. After a few minutes, your efforts against the leak keep the water to only about half an inch, but any further bailing doesn't change the water level; the leak brings in as much water as you bail out. You are at equilibrium. Two opposing processes have reached the same speed, and there is no more overall change in the process. Chemical reactions are like that as well. Most of them come to an equilibrium. The actual position of the equilibriumwhether it favors the reactants or the productsis characteristic of a chemical reaction; it is difficult to see just by looking at the balanced chemical equation. But chemistry has tools to help you understand the equilibrium of chemical reactionsthe focus of our study in this chapter. So far in this text, when we present a chemical reaction, we have implicitly assumed that the reaction goes to completion. Indeed, our stoichiometric calculations were based on this; when we asked how much of a product is produced when so much of a reactant reacts, we are assuming that all of a reactant reacts. However, this is usually not the case; many reactions do not go to completion, and many chemists have to deal with that. In this chapter, we will study this phenomenon and see ways in which we can affect the extent of chemical reactions. Q: What is the term for when two opposing processes reach the same speed, resulting in no overall change? A:
OPTIONS:
- neutralization
- acceleration
- homeostasis
- equilibrium

Answer: equilibrium

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: We have been able to take pictures of only a few exoplanets. Most are discovered because of some tell-tale signs. One sign is a very slight motion of a star that must be caused by the pull of a planet. Another sign is the partial dimming of a star's light as the planet passes in front of it. Q: What celestial body is often discovered because it causes a star to move or to dim? A:
OPTIONS:
- satellite
- asteroid
- comet
- exoplanet
Answer: exoplanet

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as localization of function. In the early 1900s, a German neuroscientist named Korbinian Brodmann performed an extensive study of the microscopic anatomythe cytoarchitectureof the cerebral cortex and divided the cortex into 52 separate regions on the basis of the histology of the cortex. His work resulted in a system of classification known as Brodmann's areas, which is still used today to describe the anatomical distinctions within the cortex (Figure 13.8). The results from Brodmann's work on the anatomy align very well with the functional differences within the cortex. Areas 17 and 18 in the occipital lobe are responsible for primary visual perception. That visual information is complex, so it is processed in the temporal and parietal lobes as well. The temporal lobe is associated with primary auditory sensation, known as Brodmann's areas 41 and 42 in the superior temporal lobe. Because regions of the temporal lobe are part of the limbic system, memory is an important function associated with that lobe. Memory is essentially a sensory function; memories are recalled sensations such as the smell of Mom's baking or the sound of a barking dog. Even memories of movement are really the memory of sensory feedback from those movements, such as stretching muscles or the movement of the skin around a joint. Structures in the temporal lobe. Q: Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as what? A:
OPTIONS:
- reversal of function
- expressiveness of function
- cytoplasm of function
- localization of function
output: localization of function

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Competition is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place. The resources might be food, water, or space. There are two different types of competition:. Q: What is a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place? A:

OPTIONS:
- antagonistic
- symbiotic
- parasitic
- competition

A: competition

input: OPTIONS:
- fish
- rats
- marsupials
- birds Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Avian Adaptations Birds have a highly efficient, simplified digestive system. Recent fossil evidence has shown that the evolutionary divergence of birds from other land animals was characterized by streamlining and simplifying the digestive system. Unlike many other animals, birds do not have teeth to chew their food. In place of lips, they have sharp pointy beaks. The horny beak, lack of jaws, and the smaller tongue of the birds can be traced back to their dinosaur ancestors. The emergence of these changes seems to coincide with the inclusion of seeds in the bird diet. Seed-eating birds have beaks that are shaped for grabbing seeds and the two-compartment stomach allows for delegation of tasks. Since birds need to remain light in order to fly, their metabolic rates are very high, which means they digest their food very quickly and need to eat often. Contrast this with the ruminants, where the digestion of plant matter takes a very long time. Ruminants Ruminants are mainly herbivores like cows, sheep, and goats, whose entire diet consists of eating large amounts of roughage or fiber. They have evolved digestive systems that help them digest vast amounts of cellulose. An interesting feature of the ruminants' mouth is that they do not have upper incisor teeth. They use their lower teeth, tongue and lips to tear and chew their food. From the mouth, the food travels to the esophagus and on to the stomach. Q: Recent fossil evidence has shown that the evolutionary divergence of what group from other land animals was characterized by streamlining and simplifying the digestive system, which allowed a high metabolic rate? A:
A:
output: birds

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When an acid and a base react, the reaction is called a neutralization reaction . That's because the reaction produces neutral products. Water is always one product, and a salt is also produced. A salt is a neutral ionic compound. You can learn more about salts and how they form at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=zjIVJh4JLNo . Q: What is the reaction called when an acid and a base react? A:
OPTIONS:
- activation
- oxidation
- decomposition
- neutralization
Answer:
neutralization