Teacher:Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: To assess the predictive value of glycated albumin (GA) and other risk factors on a progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR).', 'In this retrospective longitudinal study, we enrolled the subjects with type 2 diabetes who had undergone fundus photography twice with a 5-years gap between January 2006 and December 2012, and had been measured consecutively for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and GA levels every 3 or 6 months. The subjects were divided into two groups with or without a progression of DR. The mean HbA1c and mean GA were calculated separately by the sum of all measured values divided by the numbers of values throughout the study period.', 'Of the 359 subjects, progression group showed significantly higher diabetes duration (8.415.72 vs. 6.465.77, P<0.01), baseline HbA1c (9.132.71 vs. 8.412.32, P<0.05), fasting plasma glucose (8.712.78 vs. 7.942.63, P<0.05), 2h-postprandial glucose (15.1211.20 vs.13.144.72, P<0.05), eGFR (114.8139.15 vs. 103.2332.18, P<0.01), mean HbA1c (8.321.69 vs. 7.391.35, P<0.01) and mean GA (22.665.92 vs. 19.835.18, P<0.01) than non-progression group. The frequencies of subjects with DR progression increased obviously with the increment of baseline HbA1c, mean HbA1c and mean GA according to quartile stratification of the above three glucose parameters. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis investigated that the factors affected the DR progression were the presence of DR at baseline (OR=0.391, P=0.005), mean HbA1c (OR=1.389, P=0.021), mean GA (OR=1.087, P=0.039) and eGFR (OR=1.008, P=0.045). The optimal cut-off values of mean HbA1c and GA to predict DR progression were 7.27% and 21.85%, respectively.
Student:
1