INPUT ARTICLE: Article: When you're pregnant, you have to be especially careful what medications you take, although OTC antacids such as Tums or Axia3 are generally pretty safe. Some brands might contain aluminum or aspirin, or have lots of sodium, so clear it with your doctor before taking any just to be on the safe side. The calcium and/or magnesium in antacids are alkaline and neutralize stomach juices (hydrochloric acid) that splash up into the esophagus. Too much sodium can increase blood pressure (hypertension) and lead to complications during pregnancy. Another helpful OTC heartburn medication that's generally safe to take during pregnancy is called histamine-2 receptor antagonists or H2RAs for short. H2RAs such as cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine are effective for reducing stomach acid and tend to provide longer relief, but they don't act as quickly as regular antacids. Histamine-2-receptor antagonists are also called H2 blockers and are commonly used to treat stomach and duodenal ulcers. H2 blockers actually reduce the production of stomach acid, which relieves heartburn symptoms and allows the esophagus to heal. Another type of OTC medicine helpful for heartburn are proton pump inhibitors, such as lansoprazole (Prevacid) and omeprazole (Prilosec), which also act by reducing the production of stomach acid. PPIs reduce the production of hydrochloric acid by blocking an enzyme in the wall of the stomach. Short-term use of PPIs is well tolerated and safe for pregnant women, although long-term use can increase the risk of osteoporosis (brittle bones). These are generally recommended only if H2 blockers don't work. If you can't seem to manage heartburn on your own, make an appointment with your family physician and discuss your options. Your doctor will give you an examination and possibly recommend prescription H2 blockers or PPIs, which are stronger. Signs that you should see your doctor include: frequent burning chest pain (more than twice per week), difficulty swallowing, persistent nausea or vomiting, difficulty eating, poor appetite and/or unwanted weight loss. Seek immediate medical help if you feel severe chest pain or pressure, especially it it's combined with arm pain, jaw pain and/or difficulty breathing you may be having a heart attack instead of heartburn (though this is extremely rare during pregnancy).

SUMMARY: Take an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid. Try OTC histamine-2 receptor antagonists. Use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) instead. See your doctor if heartburn continues.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: To avoid plagiarism, use in-text citations to attribute direct quotes, paraphrased text, or references to other authors' ideas. Usually, an in-text citation lists the source's author and the page number you've referenced in parentheses. In some cases, you may have to add more detail. The aim of an in-text citation is to point the reader to the full entry on your works cited page. When they see the in-text citation (Smith 24), they'll know to look for the full entry listed on your works cited page under the last name Smith. Place the period after the parenthetical citation instead of at the end of your text. Name the article's author, and include the page number if it's a printed article or a source that appears in both print and online. If there are 2 authors, list them alphabetically, then include the page number: (Jones and Smith 252). If there are 3 or more authors, write the first author then "et al.": (Jones, et al. 241). You only need to include the page number in parentheses if you've mentioned the author's name in your text, like this: "According to Hidalgo, a high-glycemic diet increases the risk of pancreatic disorders (12)." Skip the page number if the source doesn't have one, such as an article on a newspaper website. If your works cited page includes multiple sources by the same author, your in-text citations need to name the specific source. For the sake of brevity, just include the first few words of the title. For instance, abbreviate the title "Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer" by G. Eibl to (Eibl, "Diabetes Mellitus" 518). If you have 4 sources listed under the author Smith, the in-text citation (Smith 242) doesn't tell the reader which of the 4 Smith entries you've referenced.

SUMMARY: Make a parenthetical citation after a quote or reference. Write the author's name and page number for printed articles. Include shortened titles if you've cited multiple works by 1 author.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You can affect your risk for esophagitis through some of the lifestyle choices you make. Alcohol reduces the strength of the lower esophageal sphincter and can trigger gastroesophageal reflux, or stomach acid that refluxes up the esophagus. This creates irritation and inflammation in the lining of the esophagus. Take note how you feel after you drink alcohol. See if you start to notice a trend. Cigarette smoking has the same effect on the esophagus. Acidic foods and caffeinated beverages will also increase the acidity in the stomach. These can increase the risk of reflux and trigger esophagitis. Write down the foods you eat and how you feel in the hours after you eat. Drug-induced esophagitis is triggered when you swallow pills with little to no water. The residue from the pill remains in the esophagus, creating irritation and inflammation. Some of the more common medications to create this problem includes pain relievers such as ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen sodium, antibiotics, potassium chloride, biphosphonates for treatment of osteoporosis, and quinidine used for treatment of some heart conditions.

SUMMARY:
Observe your reaction to alcohol and smoking. Keep track of your intake of certain foods. Pay attention to how you swallow pills.