Answer the following question given this paragraph: When bread bakes, yeast releases carbon dioxide gas, forming the small holes in bread. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast. Q: When bread bakes, yeast releases which gas? A:
OPTIONS:
- carbon monoxide
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide

Answer: carbon dioxide

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908 (see the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concept). Q: In what year was the hardy-weinberg theorem formulated? A:
OPTIONS:
- 1938
- 1901
- 1928
- 1908
Answer: 1908

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Constantly going through some form of growth and repair is a characteristic of all what? A:
OPTIONS:
- viruses
- bacteria
- mass
- living things
output: living things

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ions and Ionic Bonds Some atoms are more stable when they gain or lose an electron (or possibly two) and form ions. This fills their outermost electron shell and makes them energetically more stable. Because the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, each ion has a net charge. Cations are positive ions that are formed by losing electrons. Negative ions are formed by gaining electrons and are called anions. Anions are designated by their elemental name being altered to end in "-ide": the anion of chlorine is called chloride, and the anion of sulfur is called sulfide, for example. This movement of electrons from one element to another is referred to as electron transfer. As Figure 2.11 illustrates, sodium (Na) only has one electron in its outer electron shell. It takes less energy for sodium to donate that one electron than it does to accept seven more electrons to fill the outer shell. If sodium loses an electron, it now has 11 protons, 11 neutrons, and only 10 electrons, leaving it with an overall charge of +1. It is now referred to as a sodium ion. Chlorine (Cl) in its lowest energy state (called the ground state) has seven electrons in its outer shell. Again, it is more energy-efficient for chlorine to gain one electron than to lose seven. Therefore, it tends to gain an electron to create an ion with 17 protons, 17 neutrons, and 18 electrons, giving it a net negative (1) charge. It is now referred to as a chloride ion. In this example, sodium will donate its one electron to empty its shell, and chlorine will accept that electron to fill its shell. Both ions now satisfy the octet rule and have complete outermost shells. Because the number of electrons is no longer equal to the number of protons, each is now an ion and has a +1 (sodium cation) or 1 (chloride anion) charge. Note that these transactions can normally only take place simultaneously: in order for a sodium atom to lose an electron, it must be in the presence of a suitable recipient like a chlorine atom. Q: Some atoms are more stable when they gain or lose an electron and form what? A:

OPTIONS:
- molecules
- electrons
- protons
- ions

A: ions

input: OPTIONS:
- physics
- psychology
- biology
- chemistry Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemistry is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms. Q: What branch of science is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms? A:
A:
output: chemistry

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: You hit a baseball out of the park and head for first base. You're excited. The score is tied, and now your team has a chance of getting a winning home run. Then you hear a crash. Oh no! The baseball hit a window in a neighboring house. The glass has a big hole in it, surrounded by a web of cracks (see Figure below ). The glass has changed. It's been broken into jagged pieces. But the glass is still glass. Breaking the window is an example of a physical change in matter. Q: Breaking a window with a baseball is an example of what kind of change in matter? A:
OPTIONS:
- unusual
- chemical
- sudden
- physical
Answer:
physical