Problem: Chad, officially the Republic of Chad ( '; "Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in Africa in terms of area.

Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city.

Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. The religions of Chad are Islam (at 55%), followed by Christianity (at 40%).

Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires had risen and fallen in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of Francois Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissene Habre defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Deby. Since 2003 the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad. Unsustainable high birth rates and a lack of agriculture let the country persist in poverty.
1. What is Chad named after?
2. What record does it hold?
3. When did France conquer the area?
4. What did they merge it with?
5. When did Chad become it's own country?
6. Who was in control at that time?
7. When was Habre tossed out?
8. By whom?
9. How many official languages are spoken in Chad?
10. Is one English?
11. Can you name one?
12. How much of the population is Christian?
13. What's the other primary religion?
14. Is that the religion of more than half of the people?
15. Is all of Chad a desert?
16. What major emergency is taking place that's destabilizing the nation?
17. How many refugees are living in eastern Chad?
18. Where are they from?
19. Do they live in houses there?
20. What's one thing that's keeping Chad in poverty?
Answer: 1. Lake Chad
2. second-largest in Africa
3. 1920
4. French Equatorial Africa
5. 1960
6. Francois Tombalbaye
7. 1990
8. Idriss Deby
9. Two
10. no
11. Arabic
12. 40%
13. Islam
14. yes
15. no
16. Darfur crisis
17. hundreds of thousands
18. Sudan
19. no in camps
20. high birth rates

Problem: Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers". Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.

Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by the 1944 book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior", co-written with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.

This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. With the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences going to game theorist Jean Tirole in 2014, eleven game-theorists have now won the economics Nobel Prize. John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.
1. What was developed in the fifties?
2. By one person?
3. How then?
4. What was it put with in the seventies?
5. For the first time?
6. What is the definition of this topic?
7. How many applications is it practiced with?
8. And they are?
9. What did it initially work as?
10. Who proofed it?
11. Did he write a publication?
12. Called?
13. When did he write it?
14. Did he write it by himself?
15. Who helped?
16. How many people who work with this concept have received a special achievement?
17. What was it?
18. Any other special achievements?
19. What was it?
20. Who got it?
Answer:
1. Game theory
2. no
3. by many scholars
4. biology
5. no
6. the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers
7. at least 6
8. economics, political science, psychology, logic, computer science and biology
9. zero-sum games
10. John von Neumann
11. yes
12. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
13. 1944
14. no
15. Oskar Morgenstern
16. eleven
17. the economics Nobel Prize
18. yes
19. the Crafoord Prize
20. John Maynard Smith