Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Despite their high prevalence, sleep disorders often remain unrecognized and untreated because of barriers to assessment and management. The aims of the present study were to examine associations of complaints of sleep disturbances with cardiovascular disease, related risk factors, and inflammation in the community and to determine the contribution of sleep disturbances to self-perceived physical health.', 'The sample consists of n=10.000 participants, aged 35 to 74 years of a population based community sample in Germany. Cross-sectional associations of complaints of sleep disturbances with cardiovascular risk factors and disease, biomarkers of inflammation, depression, anxiety, and physical health status were analyzed.', '19% of our sample endorsed clinically significant sleep disturbances. In the unadjusted analyses severity of sleep disturbances increased with female sex, low socioeconomic status, living without a partnership, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety, poor physical health, increased levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. After multivariate adjustment robust associations with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and dyslipidemia remained. Complaints of sleep disturbances were strong and independent contributors to self-perceived poor physical health beyond depression, anxiety and medical disease burden.
Answer: Given the high prevalence of complaints of sleep disturbances and their strong impact on health status, increased efforts should be undertaken for their identification and treatment.
[A]: Are complaints of sleep disturbances associated with cardiovascular disease : results from the Gutenberg Health Study?

[Q]: Context: Expression of CINCs was regulated differentially in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages. We examined whether the expression of CINCs in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages is similarly inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs.', 'Rat peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in the presence of anti-inflammatory steroids (dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin and piroxicam). The production and mRNA expression of three types of CINCs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and northern hybridization.', 'Anti-inflammatory steroids; dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone, dose-dependently inhibited the production of CINC-1, -2 and -3, whose inhibitory patterns were similar to each other. Furthermore mRNA expression of each CINC was inhibited by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and piroxicam were without effect. Expression of each CINC was regulated differently; the production of CINC-1 reached a maximum at 12 h and then slightly decreased after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, whereas that of CINC-2 and CINC-3 increased up to 24 h. Dexamethasone inhibited the CINCs production and mRNA expression at 9 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
Answer: These results indicate no difference among CINC-1, -2 and -3 in the inhibition of production and mRNA expression of CINCs by anti-inflammatory steroids, although lipopolysaccharide differentially induces expression of each CINC expression in culture of rat macrophages.
[A]: Is the expression of three types of CINCs by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages inhibited similarly by anti-inflammatory steroids?

[Q]: Context: The p16 gene is one of the tumor suppressor genes, and its inactivation results in abnormal regulation of the cell cycle in human neoplasms. Promoter hypermethylation, a mechanism of p16 gene inactivation, has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis and to be related to patient prognosis in several carcinomas.', 'To determine the role of the p16 gene in extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) carcinomas.', 'We examined promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and the expression of the p16 protein using an immunohistochemical staining method in 90 cases of EBD carcinomas. We then compared the data with various clinicopathologic parameters, including survival rate.', 'Promoter hypermethylation was observed in 69 (77%) of the 90 cases. Of 69 hypermethylated cases, 32 (46%) demonstrated loss of p16 expression. Promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene was more commonly observed in tumors with vascular invasion (22 [92%] of 24 cases) than without vascular invasion (71%, P = .03). Furthermore, p16 promoter hypermethylation with loss of p16 expression was more frequently observed in cases with lymph node metastasis (P = .006) and higher tumor stage group (P = .04). However, there was no significant difference in survival rate according to the status of p16 promoter methylation and/or p16 expression.
Answer: Promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism in the inactivation of the p16 gene in EBD carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the loss of p16 expression, with or without p16 gene promoter hypermethylation, is closely related to the tumor progression in EBD carcinomas.
[A]:
Is promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene and loss of its protein expression correlated with tumor progression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas?