Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: You might think that actions and reactions would cancel each other out like balanced forces do. Balanced forces, which are also equal and opposite, cancel each other out because they act on the same object. Action and reaction forces, in contrast, act on different objects, so they don't cancel each other out and, in fact, often result in motion. For example, in Figure above , the kangaroo's action acts on the ground, but the ground's reaction acts on the kangaroo. As a result, the kangaroo jumps away from the ground. One of the action-reaction examples in the Figure above does not result in motion. Do you know which one it is?. Q: What kind of equal and opposite forces cancel one another out when they act on the same object? A:

OPTIONS:
- solid
- exact
- combined
- balanced

A: balanced

input: OPTIONS:
- shrimp
- spinefishes
- lumpfishes
- lungfishes Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Name the closest living relatives of tetrapods? A:
A:
output: lungfishes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mouth of a sea anemone is surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. The slit-like mouth opening and pharynx are lined by a groove called a siphonophore. The pharynx is the muscular part of the digestive system that serves to ingest as well as egest food, and may extend for up to two-thirds the length of the body before opening into the gastrovascular cavity. This cavity is divided into several chambers by longitudinal septa called mesenteries. Each mesentery consists of one ectodermal and one endodermal cell layer with the mesoglea sandwiched in between. Mesenteries do not divide the gastrovascular cavity completely, and the smaller cavities coalesce at the pharyngeal opening. The adaptive benefit of the mesenteries appears to be an increase in surface area for absorption of nutrients and gas exchange. Sea anemones feed on small fish and shrimp, usually by immobilizing their prey using the cnidocytes. Some sea anemones establish a mutualistic relationship with hermit crabs by attaching to the crab's shell. In this relationship, the anemone gets food particles from prey caught by the crab, and the crab is protected from the predators by the stinging cells of the anemone. Anemone fish, or clownfish, are able to live in the anemone since they are immune to the toxins contained within the nematocysts. Anthozoans remain polypoid throughout their lives and can reproduce asexually by budding or fragmentation, or sexually by producing gametes. Both gametes are produced by the polyp, which can fuse to give rise to a free-swimming planula larva. The larva settles on a suitable substratum and develops into a sessile polyp. Q: Some sea anemones establish what kind of relationship with hermit crabs by attaching to the crab's shell? A:

OPTIONS:
- pathogenic
- parasitic
- predatory
- mutualistic

Answer: mutualistic

Problem: OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- brain
- System
- immune
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hypersensitivities Maladaptive immune responses toward harmless foreign substances or self antigens that occur after tissue sensitization are termed hypersensitivities. The types of hypersensitivities include immediate, delayed, and autoimmunity. A large proportion of the population is affected by one or more types of hypersensitivity. Allergies The immune reaction that results from immediate hypersensitivities in which an antibody-mediated immune response occurs within minutes of exposure to a harmless antigen is called an allergy. In the United States, 20 percent of the population exhibits symptoms of allergy or asthma, whereas 55 percent test positive against one or more allergens. Upon initial exposure to a potential allergen, an allergic individual synthesizes antibodies of the IgE class via the typical process of APCs presenting processed antigen to TH cells that stimulate B cells to produce IgE. This class of antibodies also mediates the immune response to parasitic worms. The constant domain of the IgE molecules interact with mast cells embedded in connective tissues. This process primes, or sensitizes, the tissue. Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, IgE molecules on mast cells bind the antigen via their variable domains and stimulate the mast cell to release the modified amino acids histamine and serotonin; these chemical mediators then recruit eosinophils which mediate allergic responses. Figure 42.26 shows an example of an allergic response to ragweed pollen. The effects of an allergic reaction range from mild. Q: Hypersensitivity may refer to a maladaptive response of what system toward a harmless foreign substance? A:
Answer: immune

Problem:OPTIONS:
- symmetrical
- hydroelectric
- horizontal
- longitudinal

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Waves may be transverse, longitudinal, or a combination of the two. (Water waves are actually a combination of transverse and longitudinal. The simplified water wave illustrated in Figure 16.30 shows no longitudinal motion of the bird. ) The waves on the strings of musical instruments are transverseso are electromagnetic waves, such as visible light. Sound waves in air and water are longitudinal. Their disturbances are periodic variations in pressure that are transmitted in fluids. Fluids do not have appreciable shear strength, and thus the sound waves in them must be longitudinal or compressional. Sound in solids can be both longitudinal and transverse. Q: The waves on the strings of musical instruments are transverseso are electromagnetic waves, such as visible light. sound waves in air and water are this? A:
****
A: longitudinal

Problem:OPTIONS:
- free by natural selection
- changes by natural selection
- intelligent selection
- evolution by natural selection

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The theory of evolution by natural selection explains how populations of organisms can change over time. As environments change, so must the traits of organisms if they are to survive in the new conditions. Evolution by natural selection explains how this happens. It also explains why there are so many different species of organisms on Earth today. You can see examples of the incredible diversity of living animals in Figure below . You can read more about the theory of evolution in the chapter Evolution. Q: Which theory explains how populations of organisms can change over time? A:
****
A:
evolution by natural selection