Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria medicine. The 84-year-old's route to the honour has been anything but traditional. In China, she is being called the "three nos" winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she's never worked overseas. In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease, spread by mosquitoes was _ Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit "Mission 523 "was formed to find a cure for the illness. Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of "Mission 523". "Mission523" read ancient books carefully for a long time to find historical methods of fighting malaria. When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug, more than 240,000 compounds around the world had already been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood , which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD. The team took out one active compound in wormwood, and then tested it. But nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text. After another careful reading, she changed the drug recipe one final time, heating the compound without allowing it to reach boiling point. After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human recipient of the new drug. " In any case, Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and passion. One former colleague. Lianda Li, says Ms Tu is "unsociable and quite straightforward", adding that "if she disagrees with something, she will say it." Another colleague, Fuming Liao, who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years, describes her as a "tough and stubborn woman". Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts, she applies them to modern scientific practices. The result has saved millions of lives. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What is the name of the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize?
2. What was her work?
3. How do they call her in China?
4. Does she have a medical degree?
5. How is the malaria spread?
6. What is the name of the secret research unit?
7. How many compounds were testes around the world?
8. Which compost did the team find that was used to treat maria in China around 400 AD?
9. Did it work?
10. What did Tu Youyou find out about this compost?
11. What did Lianda say about Tu Youyou?
12. How long Fuming Liao has been working with Tu Youyou?
13. How many lives are saved because Tu Youyou?
Answer: 1. Tu Youyou
2. helping to create an anti-malaria medicine
3. she is being called the "three nos" winner:
4. No
5. Mosquitos
6. Mission 523
7. 240,000
8. sweet wormwood
9. Yes
10. heating the compound without allowing it to reach boiling point.
11. unsociable and quite straightforward
12. More than 40 years
13. millions of lives.

Sally Ride was born in California in 1951. She was the first American woman to travel into space. She loved to play tennis and wanted to be a tennis player when she was young. But after three months' professional training, she changed her mind. She went to Stanford University and started to study science. She studied stars and planets. She did researches at the university and got her PhD in astrophysics after several years' hard work. In 1977, she took a test to become an astronaut. And then she was picked up from over 8,000 people. In order to realise her dream of going into space, she had to get different kinds of special and difficult training. She learned how to fly a plane, how to jump out of a plane as well as how to operate special machines Sally and four other astronauts flew a spaceship called Challenger on Jun. 18, 1983. She became the first American woman to travel into space. Later, she taught at the University of California. Then she wrote seven books on space for children, encouraging children to study science. Unfortunately, she died in 2012. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who was the first American Woman in space?
2. When did she do that?
3. What did she travel in ?
4. What was the name of it?
5. Was she alone?
6. How many were with her?
7. Were they all astronauts?
8. Did she always want to be an astronaut?
9. What was her first plan?
10. Did she train for it?
11. How long?
12. Where did she attend college?
13. What did she learn about?
14. Did she graduate?
15. With what?
16. When did she become an astronaut?
17. How old was she?
18. Was she ever a teacher?
19. Where?
20. When did she die?
Answer: 1. Sally Ride.
2. Jun. 18, 1983.
3. A spaceship.
4. Challenger.
5. No.
6. Four.
7. Yes.
8. No.
9. She wanted to be a tennis player.
10. Yes.
11. Three months.
12. Stanford University.
13. Science.
14. Yes.
15. PhD in astrophysics
16. 1977
17. 26
18. Yes.
19. University of California.
20. 2012.

Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object as being in what would otherwise be a vacuum.

The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (1012) of atmospheric pressure (100 nPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm3. Outer space is an even higher-quality vacuum, with the equivalent of just a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter on average. According to modern understanding, even if all matter could be removed from a volume, it would still not be "empty" due to vacuum fluctuations, dark energy, transiting gamma rays, cosmic rays, neutrinos, and other phenomena in quantum physics. In the electromagnetism in the 19th century, vacuum was thought to be filled with a medium called aether. In modern particle physics, the vacuum state is considered the ground state of matter. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What does a vacuum not have?
2. Where does the word come from?
3. What language is that?
4. what does it mean?
5. Is that an adverb?
6. What is it?
7. What do physicists call vacuum?
8. What else?
9. What do they call a vacuum that's not perfect?
10. How does pressure in a vacuum compare to pressure in the atmosphere?
11. What does a household vacuum do to air pressure?
12. by how much?
13. Is outer space a vacuum?
14. How many hydrogen atoms or in a cubic meter out there?
15. would something be empty if there was no matter in it?
16. Why not?
17. Is vacuum one of them?
18. What's another one?
19. What did they once believe was in a vacuum?
20. When did they think this?
Answer:
1. matter
2. vacuus
3. Latin
4. vacant or void
5. no
6. adjective
7. a perfect vacuum
8. free space
9. partial vacuum
10. it's lower
11. reduces it
12. 20 percent
13. yes
14. just a few
15. no
16. phenomena in quantum physics
17. yes
18. cosmic rays
19. aether
20. in the 19th century