Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Proteins are an essential part of all organisms. They play many roles in living things. Certain proteins provide a scaffolding that maintains the shape of cells (structural proteins). Proteins also make up the majority of muscle tissues. Many proteins are enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes interact with the substrates (reactants) of a biochemical reaction, helping the reaction proceed at a much faster rate. Other proteins are antibodies that protect you from pathogens. Antibodies bond to foreign substances in the body and target them for destruction. Still other proteins help carry messages or materials in and out of cells (transport proteins) or around the body. For example, the blood protein hemoglobin (see Figure below ) bonds with oxygen and carries it from the lungs to cells throughout the body. Q: What type of protein speeds up chemical reactions in cells? A:

OPTIONS:
- hemoglobin
- lipids
- collagen
- enzyme

A: enzyme

input: OPTIONS:
- a linear polymer
- a branched polymer
- an addition monolayer
- an addition polymer Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An addition polymer is a polymer formed by chain addition reactions between monomers that contain a double bond. Molecules of ethene can polymerize with each other under the right conditions to form the polymer called polyethylene. Q: What is a polymer formed by chain addition reactions between monomers that contain a double bond called? A:
A:
output: an addition polymer

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 2.22 When carbon forms single bonds with other atoms, the shape is tetrahedral. When two carbon atoms form a double bond, the shape is planar, or flat. Single bonds, like those found in ethane, are able to rotate. Double bonds, like those found in ethene cannot rotate, so the atoms on either side are locked in place. Q: When what common element forms single bonds with other atoms, the shape is tetrahedral, and when its atoms form a double bond, the shape is planar? A:

OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- silicon
- carbon

Answer: carbon

Problem: OPTIONS:
- atoms
- phases
- organisms
- elements
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Strategy: A Based on the conductivity of the elements, determine whether each is a metal, a nonmetal, or a semimetal. Confirm your prediction from its physical appearance. B From the compounds each element forms, determine its common oxidation states. C If the element is a nonmetal, it must be located in the p block of the periodic table. If a semimetal, it must lie along the diagonal line of semimetals from B to At. Transition metals can have two oxidation states separated by one electron. D From your classification, the oxidation states of the element, and its physical appearance, deduce its identity. Solution:. Q: Conductivity, oxidation state and physical appearance are properties that help determine whether what are metals? A:
Answer: elements

Problem:OPTIONS:
- ecological
- physical
- chemical
- biological

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Biological sources of air pollution include molds, pollen, and pet dander. Q: Molds, pollen, and pet dander are examples of air pollution with what type of source? A:
****
A: biological

Problem:OPTIONS:
- primary succession
- typical succession
- cause succession
- secondary succession

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Secondary succession A classic example of secondary succession occurs in oak and hickory forests cleared by wildfire (Figure 19.27). Wildfires will burn most vegetation, and unless the animals can flee the area, they are killed. Their nutrients, however, are returned to the ground in the form of ash. Thus, although the community has been dramatically altered, there is a soil ecosystem present that provides a foundation for rapid recolonization. Before the fire, the vegetation was dominated by tall trees with access to the major plant energy resource: sunlight. Their height gave them access to sunlight while also shading the ground and other low-lying species. After the fire, though, these trees are no longer dominant. Thus, the first plants to grow back are usually annual plants followed within a few years by quickly growing and spreading grasses and other pioneer species. Due, at least in part, to changes in the environment brought on by the growth of grasses and forbs, over many years, shrubs emerge along with small pine, oak, and hickory trees. These organisms are called intermediate species. Eventually, over 150 years, the forest will reach its equilibrium point and resemble the community before the fire. This equilibrium state is referred to as the climax community, which will remain until the next disturbance. The climax community is typically characteristic of a given climate and geology. Although the community in equilibrium looks the same once it is attained, the equilibrium is a dynamic one with constant changes in abundance and sometimes species identities. The return of a natural ecosystem after agricultural activities is also a well-documented secondary succession process. Q: A wildfire clears a forest of vegetation and animal life, returning their nutrients to the ground leaving a foundation for rapid recolonization. what is this a classic example of? A:
****
A:
secondary succession