Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many marine invertebrates have internal salt levels matched to their environments, making them isotonic with the water in which they live. Fish, however, must spend approximately five percent of their metabolic energy maintaining osmotic homeostasis. Freshwater fish live in an environment that is hypotonic to their cells. These fish actively take in salt through their gills and excrete diluted urine to rid themselves of excess water. Saltwater fish live in the reverse environment, which is hypertonic to their cells, and they secrete salt through their gills and excrete highly concentrated urine. In vertebrates, the kidneys regulate the amount of water in the body. Osmoreceptors are specialized cells in the brain that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood. If the levels of solutes increase beyond a certain range, a hormone is released that retards water loss through the kidney and dilutes the blood to safer levels. Animals also have high concentrations of albumin, which is produced by the liver, in their blood. This protein is too large to pass easily through plasma membranes and is a major factor in controlling the osmotic pressures applied to tissues. Q: What are specialized cells in the brain that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood called? Choices: - staurikosaurus - sporozoans - ionconcentrate - osmoreceptors A:
osmoreceptors
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Aldehydes and ketones can work weak hydrogen bonds with water through the carbonyl oxygen atom. The lower members of both series (3 carbons or fewer) are soluble in water in all proportions. As the length of the carbon chain increases, water solubility decreases. Similar to ethers, neither aldehydes nor ketones can hydrogen bond with themselves. As a result, their boiling points are generally lower than those of alcohols. Unlike alkanes however, aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules due to the more electronegative oxygen atom. The dipole-dipole interactions are stronger than the dispersion forces present in alkanes. The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are intermediate between those of alkanes and alcohols. For example, the boiling point of ethane is -89C, ethanal is 20C, and ethanol is 78C. Q: Aldehydes and ketones can work weak hydrogen bonds with water through what atom? Choices: - basalt oxygen atom - pyridinium oxygen atom - carbon carbon atom - carbonyl oxygen atom A:
carbonyl oxygen atom
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The dense, iron core forms the center of the Earth. Scientists know that the core is metal. The inner core is solid, and the outer core is molten. Here are some of the reasons they know this:. Q: Which layer of the earth is molten? Choices: - the inner core - the metallic core - the mantle - the outer core A:
A: the outer core
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Transition metal ions often involve rearrangements of both d and s electrons. Q: What is the unit of liquid measurement in the metric system? Choices: - pint - gallon - cylinder - liter A:
Answer: liter
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Homeostasis, or the maintenance of constant conditions in the body, is a fundamental property of all living things. In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Too much or too little of a single substance can disrupt your bodily functions. Because metabolism relies on reactions that are all interconnected, any disruption might affect multiple organs or even organ systems. Water is the most ubiquitous substance in the chemical reactions of life. The interactions of various aqueous solutionssolutions in which water is the solventare continuously monitored and adjusted by a large suite of interconnected feedback systems in your body. Understanding the ways in which the body maintains these critical balances is key to understanding good health. Q: The maintenance of constant conditions in the body is also known as what? Choices: - consciousness - mononucleosis - hypothesis - homeostasis A:
**Answer**
homeostasis
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some compounds form rigid frameworks called crystals. Other compounds form individual molecules. A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the compound's properties. Q: Some compounds form rigid frameworks called what? Choices: - grids - ions - chemicals - crystals A:
(Answer)
crystals