input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution. Q: What is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution? A:
OPTIONS:
- genetic drift
- neutral selection
- artificial selection
- natural selection
output: natural selection

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemical Reactions and Molecules All elements are most stable when their outermost shell is filled with electrons according to the octet rule. This is because it is energetically favorable for atoms to be in that configuration and it makes them stable. However, since not all elements have enough electrons to fill their outermost shells, atoms form chemical bonds with other atoms thereby obtaining the electrons they need to attain a stable electron configuration. When two or more atoms chemically bond with each other, the resultant chemical structure is a molecule. The familiar water molecule, H2O, consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; these bond together to form water, as illustrated in Figure 2.9. Atoms can form molecules by donating, accepting, or sharing electrons to fill their outer shells. Q: All elements are most stable when their outermost shell is filled with electrons according to which rule? A:

OPTIONS:
- quartet rule
- string rule
- coupling rule
- octet rule

A: octet rule

input: OPTIONS:
- subsequent currents
- waves
- flat currents
- deep currents Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Deep currents are convection currents that occur far below the surface. They are caused by differences in the density of ocean water. Q: What are convection currents that occur far below the surface of the ocean called? A:
A:
output: deep currents

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. It's measured in degrees, from 0 to 90. Several climate factors vary with latitude. Q: What is the distance north or south of the equator called? A:

OPTIONS:
- inclination
- longitude
- Prime Meridian
- latitude

Answer: latitude

Problem: OPTIONS:
- stream
- peninsula
- island
- wetland
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some of Earth's freshwater is found in wetlands. A wetland is an area that is covered with water, or at least has very soggy soil, during all or part of the year. Certain species of plants thrive in wetlands, and they are rich ecosystems. Freshwater wetlands are usually found at the edges of streams, rivers, ponds, or lakes. Wetlands can also be found at the edges of seas. Q: What do you call an area covered with water, or possessing very soggy soil, all or part of the year? A:
Answer: wetland

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Active versus Passive Immunity Immunity to pathogens, and the ability to control pathogen growth so that damage to the tissues of the body is limited, can be acquired by (1) the active development of an immune response in the infected individual or (2) the passive transfer of immune components from an immune individual to a nonimmune one. Both active and passive immunity have examples in the natural world and as part of medicine. Active immunity is the resistance to pathogens acquired during an adaptive immune response within an individual (Table 21.6). Naturally acquired active immunity, the response to a pathogen, is the focus of this chapter. Artificially acquired active immunity involves the use of vaccines. A vaccine is a killed or weakened pathogen or its components that, when administered to a healthy individual, leads to the development of immunological memory (a weakened primary immune response) without causing much in the way of symptoms. Thus, with the use of vaccines, one can avoid the damage from disease that results from the first exposure to the pathogen, yet reap the benefits of protection from immunological memory. The advent of vaccines was one of the major medical advances of the twentieth century and led to the eradication of smallpox and the control of many infectious diseases, including polio, measles, and whooping cough. Q: Active and passive forms of what enable the body to resist damage from pathogens? A:

OPTIONS:
- potential
- stem cells
- autonomy
- immunity

Answer:
immunity