Answer the following question given this paragraph: any other electron, they become a part of the molecule's electron system.204 This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than van der Waals interactions. What exactly does that mean? Basically, it takes 20 to 50 times more energy to break a covalent bond compared to a van der Waals interaction. While the bonded form of atoms in a molecule is always more stable than the unbounded form, it may not be stable enough to withstand the energy delivered through collisions with neighboring molecules. Different bonds between different atoms in different molecular contexts differ in terms of bond stability; the bond energy refers the energy needed to break a particular bond. A molecule is stable if the bond energies associated with bonded atoms within the molecule are high enough to survive the energy delivered to the molecule through either collisions with neighboring molecules or the absorption of energy (light). When atoms form a covalent bond, their individual van der Waals surfaces merge to produce a new molecular van der Waals surface. There are a number of ways to draw molecules, but the spacefilling or van der Waals surface view is the most realistic (at least for our purposes). While realistic it can also be confusing, since it obscures the underlying molecular structure, that is, how the atoms in the molecule are linked together. This can be seen in this set of representations of the simple molecule 2methylpropane ().205 As molecules become larger, as is the case with many biologically important molecules, it can become impossible to appreciate their underlying organization based on a van der Waals surface representation. Because they form a new stable entity, it is not surprising (perhaps) that the properties of a molecule are quite distinct from, although certainly influenced by, the properties of the atoms from which they are composed. To a first order approximation, a molecule's properties are based on its shape, which is dictated by how... Q: This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than what? Choices: - Mendelian systems - Newton's third law - gravitational pull - van der waals interactions A:
van der waals interactions
Answer the following question given this paragraph: These birds are pairing up so that they can produce offspring. Many birds are monogamous , keeping the same mate for an entire season. In some species, they even stay paired for their entire life. Q: What term is used to describe birds that mate for an entire season or even stay paired for their entire life? Choices: - asexual - polygamous - homogeneous - monogamous A:
monogamous
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The period to which a given element belongs can easily be determined from its electron configuration. For example, consider the element nickel (Ni). Its electron configuration is [Ar]3 d 8 4 s 2 . The highest occupied principal energy level is the fourth, indicated by the 4 in the 4 s 2 portion of the configuration. Therefore, nickel can be found in the fourth period of the periodic table. Q: In which period of the periodic table is nickel found? Choices: - First Period - Second Period - Third Period - fourth period A:
A: fourth period
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Communication is any way that animals share information. Many animals live in social groups. For these animals, being able to communicate is essential. Communicating increases the ability of group members to cooperate and avoid conflict. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from predators. It also helps them find mates and care for their offspring. In addition, communication helps adult animals teach the next generation learned behaviors. Therefore, communication generally improves the chances of animals surviving and reproducing. Q: For what kind of animal is communication essential? Choices: - anti-social animals - new born animals - migrating animals - social animals A:
Answer: social animals
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: RNA consists of just one chain of nucleotides. DNA consists of two chains. Nitrogen bases on the two chains of DNA form hydrogen bonds with each other. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak bonds that form between a positively charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively charged atom in another molecule. Hydrogen bonds form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine. These bonds hold the two chains together and give DNA is characteristic double helix, or spiral, shape. Q: What has two chains of nucleotides, one more than rna? Choices: - gna - fna - mna - dna A:
**Answer**
dna
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Observations raise questions that lead to scientific investigations. Observations also help scientists gather evidence in investigations. Q: What can help scientist gather information for an investigation? Choices: - variables - controls - conclusions - observations A:
(Answer)
observations