Answer the following question given this paragraph: Regions of the Vertebral Column The vertebral column originally develops as a series of 33 vertebrae, but this number is eventually reduced to 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. The vertebral column is subdivided into five regions, with the vertebrae in each area named for that region and numbered in descending order. In the neck, there are seven cervical vertebrae, each designated with the letter "C" followed by its number. Superiorly, the C1 vertebra articulates (forms a joint) with the occipital condyles of the skull. Inferiorly, C1 articulates with the C2 vertebra, and so on. Below these are the 12 thoracic vertebrae, designated T1T12. The lower back contains the L1L5 lumbar vertebrae. The single sacrum, which is also part of the pelvis, is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. Similarly, the coccyx, or tailbone, results from the fusion of four small coccygeal vertebrae. However, the sacral and coccygeal fusions do not start until age 20 and are not completed until middle age. An interesting anatomical fact is that almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae, regardless of body size. This means that there are large variations in the size of cervical vertebrae, ranging from the very small cervical vertebrae of a shrew to the greatly elongated vertebrae in the neck of a giraffe. In a full-grown giraffe, each cervical vertebra is 11 inches tall. Q: The coccyx, or tailbone, results from the fusion of four small what? Choices: - rib vertebrae - arsine vertebrae - alangulam vertebrae - coccygeal vertebrae A:
coccygeal vertebrae
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Currents are like rivers flowing through the ocean. Rivers always flow downhill because of gravity. What do you think causes ocean currents to flow?. Q: What causes rivers to always flow downhill? Choices: - slope - pressure - diffusion - gravity A:
(Answer)
gravity
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Below the topsoil is the "B" horizon. This is also called the subsoil . Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in the subsoil. Because it has less organic material, this layer is lighter brown in color than topsoil. It also holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. There is less organic material in this layer. Q: Most waves strike the shore at an angle. this causes what? Choices: - erosion - tide - fontaine drift - longshore drift A:
Ans: longshore drift
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mammalian Systems In mammals, pulmonary ventilation occurs via inhalation (breathing). During inhalation, air enters the body through the nasal cavity located just inside the nose (Figure 39.7). As air passes through the nasal cavity, the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified. The respiratory tract is coated with mucus to seal the tissues from direct contact with air. Mucus is high in water. As air crosses these surfaces of the mucous membranes, it picks up water. These processes help equilibrate the air to the body conditions, reducing any damage that cold, dry air can cause. Particulate matter that is floating in the air is removed in the nasal passages via mucus and cilia. The processes of warming, humidifying, and removing particles are important protective mechanisms that prevent damage to the trachea and lungs. Thus, inhalation serves several purposes in addition to bringing oxygen into the respiratory system. Q: Pulmonary ventilation in mammals occurs via what? Choices: - inflammation - osmosis - ingestion - inhalation A:
(A).
inhalation
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The e. coli chromosome, like many other bacterial chromosomes, is what shape? Choices: - oval - square - triangular - circular A:

Ans:circular
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb. Q: What changes nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb? Choices: - tumors - pathogens - viruses - bacteria A:
bacteria