Answer the following question given this paragraph: 10.3 Control of the Cell Cycle Each step of the cell cycle is monitored by internal controls called checkpoints. There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle: one near the end of G1, a second at the G2/M transition, and the third during metaphase. Positive regulator molecules allow the cell cycle to advance to the next stage. Negative regulator molecules monitor cellular conditions and can halt the cycle until specific requirements are met. Q: In a cell cycle, what kind of regulator molecules allow advancement to the next stage? Choices: - strong - similar - negative - positive A:
positive
Answer the following question given this paragraph: If water gets hot enough, it starts to boil. Bubbles of water vapor form in boiling water. This happens as particles of liquid water gain enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them and change to the gaseous state. The bubbles rise through the water and escape from the pot as steam. Q: When water particles become hot enough to overcome the force of attraction between them, what happens to the water? Choices: - it freezes - it pools - it evaporates - it boils A:
it boils
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Saponification describes the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of an ester. The term saponification originally described the hydrolysis of long-chain esters called fatty acid esters to produce soap molecules, which are the salts of fatty acids. One such soap molecule is sodium stearate, formed from the hydrolysis of ethyl stearate. Q: What is the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of an ester called? Choices: - instantiation - fermentation - resorption - saponification A:
A: saponification
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Each separate substance in a medium, such as the extracellular fluid, has its own concentration gradient, independent of the concentration gradients of other materials. Additionally, each substance will diffuse according to that gradient. Several factors affect the rate of diffusion. Extent of the concentration gradient: The greater the difference in concentration, the more rapid the diffusion. The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes. Mass of the molecules diffusing: More massive molecules move more slowly, because it is more difficult for them to move between the molecules of the substance they are moving through; therefore, they diffuse more slowly. Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion. Solvent density: As the density of the solvent increases, the rate of diffusion decreases. The molecules slow down because they have a more difficult time getting through the denser medium. Q: In a medium, the closer the distribution of the material gets to what state, the slower the rate of diffusion becomes? Choices: - erosion - gas - elastic - equilibrium A:
Answer: equilibrium
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels. Q: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of? Choices: - trees - trash - charcoal briquettes - fossil fuels A:
**Answer**
fossil fuels
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some unexpected traits can appear in animal embryos. For example, human embryos have gill slits just like fish! In fish they develop into gills, but in humans they disappear before birth. The presence of the gill slits suggests that a long time ago humans and fish shared a common ancestor. Q: What does the presence of gill slits suggest about humans and fish? Choices: - Shared History - Common Cells - Same evolutionary chain - common ancestor A:
**Answer**
common ancestor