TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This man's aliases included James Brunswill and Adam Smith, during which time his wife was known as Lady Smith. His wrote a noted "Letter from Vidin" while in Bulgaria and, late in life, delineated a plan for a "Danubian Federation" and wrote the book Memories of my Exile. He was succeeded in office by his longtime general Arthur Gorgey, who served as dictator until surrendering to Rudiger at Vilagos, after this man had organized the Honvd army and served as regent-president. The USS Mississippi was dispatched to rescue him from internment in Turkey by Millard Fillmore after this man had previously been hailed as a celebrity in England, causing a scandal for foreign secretary Lord Palmerston. FTP, name this key participant in the 1848 revolution honored as a national hero in Hungary.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: This man wrote a novel in which the title character pretends to be president of Black Rapids Coal Company on the Fidele on April Fools' Day. In addition to The Confidence Man, this man wrote about a coworker of Ginger Nut who responds "I would prefer not to" to any request. The [*] Piazza Tales includes this man's story "Bartleby, the Scrivener." In one novella by this man, the titular sailor punches Claggart before getting hung by Captain Vere, and in one novel by this man, the crew of the Pequod, including Starbuck, Ishmael, and Captain Ahab, chase after a giant white whale. For 10 points, name this author of Billy Budd and Moby-Dick.

SOLUTION: Literature

PROBLEM: This procedure was first published with Claparede in 1881 in two forms, the second for a hydroxyl-substituted benzene. As performed today, it usually requires an initial acylation but, even with this, the relevant methanoate derivatives are notably unable to carry out the self- form of this reaction. One of the reactants contains a hydrogen alpha to a carbonyl; a deprotonation occurs at this site in the first step and the resulting conjugated system attacks the other reactant, an ester. It requires a strong base catalysis, so the relevant alkoxide is often added to the system. FTP, name this reaction of two esters to yield a beta-keto ester; a condensation named for a German chemist.

SOLUTION:
Science