In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
One example is below.
Q: SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES
TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.

(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Business entity.--The term ''business entity'' means a
firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint
venture, or other form of enterprise.
(2) Facility.--The term ''facility'' means any real
property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance.
(3) Gross negligence.--The term ''gross negligence'' means
voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at
the time of the conduct) that the conduct is likely to be
harmful to the health or well-being of another person.
(4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ''intentional
misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the
time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health
or well-being of another person.
(5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ''nonprofit
organization'' means--
(A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from
tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or
(B) any not-for-profit organization organized and
conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for
charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or
health purposes.
(6) State.--The term ''State'' means each of the several
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern
Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the
United States, or any political subdivision of any such State,
territory, or possession.
(b) Limitation on Liability.--
(1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business
entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any
injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity
in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit
organization if--
(A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business
of the business entity;
(B) such injury or death occurs during a period
that such facility is used by the nonprofit
organization; and
(C) the business entity authorized the use of such
facility by the nonprofit organization.
(2) Application.--This subsection shall apply--
(A) with respect to civil liability under Federal
and State law; and
(B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization
pays for the use of a facility.
(c) Exception for Liability.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to an
injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business
entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct,
including any misconduct that--
(1) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is
defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code) or act
of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section
2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in
any court;
(2) constitutes a hate crime (as that term is used in the
Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note));
(3) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable
State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any
court; or
(4) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been
found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
(d) Superseding Provision.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection
(e), this Act preempts the laws of any State to the extent that
such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except that this Act
shall not preempt any State law that provides additional
protection from liability for a business entity for an injury
or death with respect to which conditions under subparagraphs
(A) through (C) of subsection (b)(1) apply.
(2) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
(e) Election of State Regarding Nonapplicability.--This Act shall
not apply to any civil action in a State court against a business
entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State
enacts a statute--
(1) citing the authority of this subsection;
(2) declaring the election of such State that this Act
shall not apply to such civil action in the State; and
(3) containing no other provision.
A: Shields a business entity from civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of that entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if: (1) the use occurs outside the scope of business of the business entity; (2) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by such organization; and (3) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the organization.
Makes this Act inapplicable to an injury or death that results from an act or omission of a business entity that constitutes gross negligence or intentional misconduct, including misconduct that: (1) constitutes a hate crime or a crime of violence or act of international terrorism for which the defendant has been convicted in any court; or (2) involves a sexual offense for which the defendant has been convicted in any court or misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law.
Preempts State laws to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this Act, except State law that provides additional protection from liability. Specifies that this Act shall not be construed to supersede any Federal or State health or safety law.
Makes this Act inapplicable to any civil action in a State court against a business entity in which all parties are citizens of the State if such State, citing this Act's authority and containing no other provision, enacts a statute declaring the State's election that this Act shall not apply to such action in the State.
Rationale: This Bill focuses on shielding business entities from civil liability relating to an injury or death depending on the conditions of injury, hence the generated summary is correct.
Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Fair Disaster Tax Relief Act of
2008''.

SEC. 2. LOSSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO FEDERALLY DECLARED DISASTERS.

(a) Waiver of Adjusted Gross Income Limitation.--
(1) In general.--Subsection (h) of section 165 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by redesignating
paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively,
and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new
paragraph:
''(3) Special rule for losses in federally declared
disasters.--
''(A) In general.--If an individual has a net
disaster loss for any taxable year, the amount
determined under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) shall be the sum
of--
''(i) such net disaster loss, and
''(ii) so much of the excess referred to in
the matter preceding clause (i) of paragraph
(2)(A) (reduced by the amount in clause (i) of
this subparagraph) as exceeds 10 percent of the
adjusted gross income of the individual.
''(B) Net disaster loss.--For purposes of
subparagraph (A), the term 'net disaster loss' means
the excess of--
''(i) the personal casualty losses--
''(I) attributable to a federally
declared disaster, and
''(II) occurring in a disaster
area, over
''(ii) personal casualty gains.
''(C) Federally declared disaster.--For purposes of
this paragraph--
''(i) Federally declared disaster.--The
term 'federally declared disaster' means any
disaster subsequently determined by the
President of the United States to warrant
assistance by the Federal Government under the
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act.
''(ii) Disaster area.--The term 'disaster
area' means the area so determined to warrant
such assistance.''.
(2) Conforming amendments.--
(A) Section 165(h)(4)(B) (as so redesignated) is
amended by striking ''paragraph (2)'' and inserting
''paragraphs (2) and (3)''.
(B) Section 165(i)(1) of such Code is amended by
striking ''loss'' and all that follows through ''Act''
and inserting ''loss occurring in a disaster area (as
defined by clause (ii) of subsection (h)(3)(C)) and
attributable to a federally declared disaster (as
defined by clause (i) of such subsection)''.
(C) Section 165(i)(4) of such Code is amended by
striking ''Presidentially declared disaster (as defined
by section 1033(h)(3))'' and inserting ''federally
declared disaster (as defined by subsection
(h)(3)(C)(i)''.
(D)(i) So much of subsection (h) of section 1033 of
such Code as precedes subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1)
thereof is amended to read as follows:
''(h) Special Rules for Property Damaged by Federally Declared
Disasters.--
''(1) Principal residences.--If the taxpayer's principal
residence or any of its contents is located in a disaster area
and is compulsorily or involuntarily converted as a result of a
federally declared disaster--''.
(ii) Paragraph (2) of section 1033(h) of such Code
is amended by striking ''investment'' and all that
follows through ''disaster'' and inserting ''investment
located in a disaster area and compulsorily or
involuntarily converted as a result of a federally
declared disaster''.
(iii) Paragraph (3) of section 1033(h) is amended
to read as follows:
''(3) Federally declared disaster; disaster area.--The
terms ''federally declared disaster'' and ''disaster area''
shall have the respective meaning given such terms by section
165(h)(3)(C).''.
(iv) Section 139(c)(2) of such Code is amended to
read as follows:
''(2) federally declared disaster (as defined by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i)),''.
(v) Subclause (II) of section 172(b)(1)(F)(ii) of
such Code is amended by striking ''Presidentially
declared disasters (as defined in section 1033(h)(3))''
and inserting ''federally declared disasters (as
defined by subsection (h)(3)(C)(i))''.
(vi) Subclause (III) of section 172(b)(1)(F)(ii) of
such Code is amended by striking ''Presidentially
declared disasters'' and inserting ''federally declared
disasters''.
(vii) Subsection (a) of section 7508A of such Code
is amended by striking ''Presidentially declared
disaster (as defined in section 1033(h)(3))'' and
inserting ''federally declared disaster (as defined by
section 165(h)(3)(C)(i))''.
(b) Increase in Standard Deduction by Disaster Casualty Loss.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 63(c) of such
Code (defining standard deduction) is amended by striking
''and'' at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period
at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting '', and'', and by
adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(D) the disaster loss deduction.''.
(2) Disaster loss deduction.--Subsection (c) of section 63
of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
''(8) Disaster loss deduction.--For the purposes of
paragraph (1), the term 'disaster loss deduction' means the net
disaster loss (as defined in section 165(h)(3)(B)).''.
(3) Allowance in computing alternative minimum taxable
income.--Subparagraph (E) of section 56(b)(1) of such Code
(relating to standard deduction and deduction for personal
exemptions not allowed) is amended by adding at the end the
following new sentence: ''The preceding sentence shall not
apply to so much of the standard deduction as is determined
under section 63(c)(1)(D).''.
(c) Increase in Limitation on Individual Loss Per Casualty.--
Paragraph (1) of section 165(h) of such Code (relating to treatment of
casualty gains and losses) is amended by striking ''$100'' and
inserting ''$500''.
(d) Effective Dates.--
(1) Except as provided by paragraph (2), the amendments
made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning
after December 31, 2007.
(2) The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 3. EXPENSING OF QUALIFIED DISASTER EXPENSES.

(a) In General.--Part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to itemized deductions for
individuals and corporations) is amended by inserting after section 198
the following new section:

''SEC. 198A. EXPENSING OF QUALIFIED DISASTER EXPENSES.

''(a) In General.--A taxpayer may elect to treat any qualified
disaster expenses which are paid or incurred by the taxpayer as an
expense which is not chargeable to capital account. Any expense which
is so treated shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year in
which it is paid or incurred.
''(b) Qualified Disaster Expense.--For purposes of this section,
the term 'qualified disaster expense' means any expenditure--
''(1) which is paid or incurred in connection with a trade
or business or with business-related property,
''(2) which is--
''(A) for the abatement or control of hazardous
substances that were released on account of a federally
declared disaster,
''(B) for the removal of debris from, or the
demolition of structures on, real property which is
business-related property damaged or destroyed as a
result of a federally declared disaster, or
''(C) for the repair of business-related property
damaged as a result of a federally declared disaster,
and
''(3) is otherwise chargeable to capital account.
''(c) Other Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
''(1) Business-related property.--The term 'business-
related property' means property--
''(A) held by the taxpayer for use in a trade or
business or for the production of income, or
''(B) described in section 1221(a)(1) in the hands
of the taxpayer.
''(2) Federally declared disaster.--The term 'federally
declared disaster' has the meaning given such term by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i).
''(d) Deduction Recaptured as Ordinary Income on Sale, etc.--Solely
for purposes of section 1245, in the case of property to which a
qualified disaster expense would have been capitalized but for this
section--
''(1) the deduction allowed by this section for such
expense shall be treated as a deduction for depreciation, and
''(2) such property (if not otherwise section 1245
property) shall be treated as section 1245 property solely for
purposes of applying section 1245 to such deduction.
''(e) Coordination With Other Provisions.--Sections 198, 280B, and
468 shall not apply to amounts which are treated as expenses under this
section.
''(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations
as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this
section.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part VI of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after
the item relating to section 198 the following new item:

''Sec. 198A. Expensing of Qualified Disaster Expenses.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2007.

SEC. 4. NET OPERATING LOSSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO FEDERALLY DECLARED
DISASTERS.

(a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 172(b) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to years to which loss may be carried)
is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(J) Certain losses attributable to federally
declared disasters.--In the case of a taxpayer who has
a qualified disaster loss (as defined in subsection
(j)), such loss shall be a net operating loss carryback
to each of the 5 taxable years preceding the taxable
year of such loss.''.
(b) Qualified Disaster Loss.--Section 172 of such Code (relating to
net operating loss deduction) is amended by redesignating subsections
(j) and (k) as subsections (k) and (l), respectively, and by inserting
after subsection (i) the following new subsection:
''(j) Rules Relating to Qualified Disaster Losses.--For purposes of
this section--
''(1) In general.--The term 'qualified disaster loss' means
the lesser of--
''(A) the sum of--
''(i) the losses allowable under section
165 for the taxable year--
''(I) attributable to a federally
declared disaster (as defined in
section 165(h)(3)(C)(i)), and
''(II) occurring in a disaster area
(as defined in section
165(h)(3)(C)(ii)), and
''(ii) the deduction for the taxable year
for qualified disaster expenses which is
allowable under section 198A(a) or which would
be so allowable if not otherwise treated as an
expense, or
''(B) the net operating loss for such taxable year.
''(2) Coordination with subsection (b)(2).--For purposes of
applying subsection (b)(2), a qualified disaster loss for any
taxable year shall be treated in a manner similar to the manner
in which a specified liability loss is treated.
''(3) Election.--Any taxpayer entitled to a 5-year
carryback under subsection (b)(1)(J) from any loss year may
elect to have the carryback period with respect to such loss
year determined without regard to subsection (b)(1)(J). Such
election shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed by
the Secretary and shall be made by the due date (including
extensions of time) for filing the taxpayer's return for the
taxable year of the net operating loss. Such election, once
made for any taxable year, shall be irrevocable for such
taxable year.''.
(c) Loss Deduction Allowed in Computing Alternative Minimum Taxable
Income.--Subsection (d) of section 56 of such Code (defining
alternative tax net operating loss deduction) is amended by adding at
the end the following new paragraph:
''(3) Net operating loss attributable to federally declared
disasters.--In the case of a taxpayer which has a qualified
disaster loss (as defined by section 172(b)(1)(J)) for the
taxable year, paragraph (1) shall be applied by increasing the
amount determined under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) thereof by the
sum of the carrybacks and carryovers of such loss.''.
(d) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Clause (ii) of section 172(b)(1)(F) of such Code is
amended by inserting ''or qualified disaster loss (as defined
in subsection (j))'' before the period at the end of the last
sentence.
(2) Paragraph (1) of section 172(i) of such Code is amended
by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:
''Such term shall not include any qualified disaster loss (as
defined in subsection (j)).''.
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31,
2007.

SEC. 5. WAIVER OF CERTAIN MORTGAGE REVENUE BOND REQUIREMENTS FOLLOWING
FEDERALLY DECLARED DISASTERS.

(a) In General.--Paragraph (11) of section 143(k) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:
''(11) Special rules for federally declared disasters.--
''(A) Principal residence destroyed.--If the
principal residence (within the meaning of section 121)
of a taxpayer is--
''(i) rendered unsafe for use as a
residence by reason of a federally declared
disaster, or
''(ii) demolished or relocated by reason of
an order of the government of a State or
political subdivision thereof on account of a
federally declared disaster,
then for the 2-year period beginning on the date of the
disaster declaration, subsection (d)(1) shall not apply
with respect to such taxpayer and subsection (e) shall
be applied by substituting '110' for '90' in paragraph
(1) thereof.
''(B) Principle residence damaged.--
''(i) In general.--If the principal
residence (within the meaning of section 121)
of a taxpayer resulting from a federally
declared disaster was damaged, any owner-
financing provided in connection with the
repair or reconstruction of such residence
shall be treated as a qualified rehabilitation
loan.
''(ii) Limitation.--The aggregate owner-
financing to which clause (i) applies shall not
exceed the lesser of--
''(I) the cost of such repair or
reconstruction, or
''(II) $150,000.
''(C) Federally declared disaster.--For purposes of
this paragraph, the term 'federally declared disaster'
has the meaning given such term by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i).''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
apply to disasters occurring after December 31, 2007.
A:
Fair Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide special tax rules for individuals affected by a federally declared disaster, including: (1) allowance of all personal casualty losses incurred in a federally declared disaster in excess of $500; (2) an increase in the standard tax deduction for disaster losses; (3) full expensing of business-related disaster cleanup expenses; (4) extension of the net operating loss carryback period from two to five years for disaster-related losses; and (5) allowance of tax-exempt bond financing of low-interest loans for principal residences damaged in a federally declared disaster.