Article: You'll need to be in the Arctic Circle to see the northern lights, and the winter months between November and March are the best time to see them because of how dark it gets. Some places you can go to photograph the northern lights are Iceland, northern Canada, northern Alaska, and the northern region of Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Light from nearby buildings will make it harder to capture the northern lights on camera. Once you pick a country to photograph the northern lights in, find a place there that's far away from human activity. If you need help finding a good spot that doesn't have a lot of light pollution, check out the Blue Marble Light Pollution Map at https://blue-marble.de/nightlights/2012. Abisko National Park in Sweden is a spot in the path of the northern lights that's far away from light pollution. You won't be able to photograph the northern lights if there is a lot of cloud cover. Try to go out shooting on a night when there's 0-10 percent cloud cover. If the cloud cover is 20-30 percent, you may still be able to take some photos of the northern lights, but they won't be as clear. Check the local weather forecast to find out what nights during your trip will have the clearest skies for your photo shoot. The Kp-index measures the amount of auroral activity there will be on any given night. The more auroral activity on the night of your photo shoot, the more likely you are to see the northern lights. To check the Kp-index, visit http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index. You should be able to see the auroral activity for that day and the day after. Auroral activity is measured on a scale of 0-9, with 0 being no activity and 9 being a significant amount of activity. If the Kp-index is 4 or higher for a particular day, you should be able to see the northern lights.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Plan a trip to the Arctic Circle sometime between November and March. Choose a spot with minimal light pollution. Pick a night when the forecast calls for clear skies. Check the Kp-index before your photo shoot.
Article: One of the telltale signs of laryngitis is hoarseness, which refers to the raspy, strained quality your voice gets when you've used it too much. To make your voice sound raspy and gravelly, practice vibrating your vocal chords like you're croaking like a frog. Also practice making bah noises like you're a sheep, because this will also vibrate your vocal chords. After practicing making sounds, start incorporating that same raspy quality into your speaking voice. Another common thing that happens when you have laryngitis is that you'll experience unintentional changes in the volume and pitch of your voice as you speak. When you're speaking, try to make your voice crack as you say certain words, and then make your voice fade out briefly so it's quieter than usual. Alternate between doing this and speaking in your regular (but hoarse) voice. In addition to the voice cracking and fading, you should also whisper more when you speak if you want to fake losing your voice. When you have laryngitis, your vocal chords will often have trouble producing sound, and you can replicate this by dropping your voice to a strained whisper intermittently as you speak. Make sure you continue alternating between your voice cracking, fading, whispering, and speaking hoarsely at a normal volume. When you transition between these different voice effects, try to make the transition as natural as possible so people don't know you're forcing it. Laryngitis often causes a rawness in the throat and a dry throat, so it's common for people who've lost their voice to cough sometimes when they speak. Don't cough too much, but throw in a few dry coughs if you've been talking for a while. A cough is created when your body forcefully expels air from the lungs, which is different from vibrating your vocal chords to create speech, meaning you can still cough if you've lost your voice.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Sound hoarse. Make your voice crack and fade. Throw in some strained whispering when you speak. Cough when you talk.
Article: The manufacturer's part number should be listed on the case of the relay. Look up the applicable data sheet and determine the voltage and current requirements of the control coil. This also may be printed on the case of larger relays. A diode around the pole is often used to protect the logic circuitry from damage due to noise spikes. The diode will be shown on drawings as a triangle with a bar across one corner of the triangle. The bar will be connected to the input, or positive connection, of the control coil. This will also be available from the manufacturer's data sheet, or may be printed on the case of larger relays. Relays may have one or more poles, indicated in drawings by a single line switch connected to a pin of the relay. Each pole may have a normally open (NO) and or normally closed (NC) contact. The drawings will indicate these contacts as connections with a pin on the relay. The relay drawings will show each pole as either touching the pin, indicating a NC contact, or not touching the pin, indicating a NO contact. Use a digital multimeter (DMM) to test the resistance between each pole of the relay and the corresponding NC and NO contacts for that pole. All NC contacts should read 0 ohms to the corresponding pole. All NO contacts should read infinite resistance to the corresponding pole. Use an independent voltage source appropriate for the rating of the relay coil. If the relay coil is diode protected, make sure that the independent voltage source is connected with the proper polarity. Listen for a click when the relay is energized. Use a digital multimeter (DMM) to test the resistance between each pole of the relay and the corresponding NC and NO contacts for that pole. All NC contacts should read infinite resistance to the corresponding pole. All NO contacts should read 0 ohms to the corresponding pole.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Determine the coil requirements of the relay. Find out if the control coil is diode protected. Assess the contact configuration of the relay. Test the de-energized condition of the relay contacts. Energize the relay. Check the energized condition of the relay contacts.