Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and energy. A beta particle is an electron. It has a charge of -1. In nuclear equations, a beta particle is represented by the symbol . The subscript -1 represents the particle's charge, and the superscript 0 shows that the particle has virtually no mass. Nuclei contain only protons and neutrons, so how can a nucleus emit an electron? A neutron first breaks down into a proton and an electron (see Figure below ). Then the electron is emitted from the nucleus, while the proton stays inside the nucleus. The proton increases the atomic number by one, thus changing one element into another. Q: What occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and energy? A:
OPTIONS:
- nucleus decay
- alpha decay
- methane decay
- beta decay
Answer: beta decay

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A scientific law is a specific statement that is thought to be never violated by the entire natural universe. Everyday laws are arbitrary limits that society puts on its members. Q: What term describes a specific statement that is thought to be never violated by the entire natural universe? A:
OPTIONS:
- evidence
- hypothesis
- theory
- scientific law
output: scientific law

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Both nitrogen and sulfur oxides are toxic to humans. These compounds can cause lung diseases or make them worse. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form acid rain, which is described in the next concept. Q: Nitrogen and sulfur oxides form what type of rain? A:

OPTIONS:
- common rain
- toxic rain
- heavy rain
- acid rain

A: acid rain

input: OPTIONS:
- nitrogen
- feces
- blood
- urine Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In contrast to mammals and birds, freshwater fishes produce large volumes of very dilute what? A:
A:
output: urine

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some materials are natural permanent magnets. The most magnetic material in nature is the mineral magnetite, also called lodestone (see Figure below ). The magnetic domains of magnetite naturally align with Earth's axis. The picture on the left shows a chunk of magnetite attracting small bits of iron. The magnetite spoon compass shown on the right dates back about 2000 years and comes from China. The handle of the spoon always points north. Clearly, the magnetic properties of magnetite have been recognized for thousands of years. Q: Also called lodestone, the mineral magnetite is the most powerful what? A:

OPTIONS:
- material on Earth
- synthetic magnet
- healing magnet
- natural permanent magnet

Answer: natural permanent magnet

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The elements in Group 2 (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium) are called the alkaline earth metals (see Figure below ). These elements have two valence electrons, both of which reside in the outermost s sublevel. The general electron configuration of all alkaline earth metals is n s 2 . The alkaline earth metals are still too reactive to exist in nature as free elements, but they are less reactive than the alkali metals. They tend to be harder, stronger, and denser than the alkali metals, and they also form numerous compounds with nonmetals. Q: The elements in group 2 are called what? A:

OPTIONS:
- halogens
- metal alloys
- noble gases
- alkaline earth metals

A:
alkaline earth metals