Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hypersensitivities The word "hypersensitivity" simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation. Allergies and inflammatory responses to nonpathogenic environmental substances have been observed since the dawn of history. Hypersensitivity is a medical term describing symptoms that are now known to be caused by unrelated mechanisms of immunity. Still, it is useful for this discussion to use the four types of hypersensitivities as a guide to understand these mechanisms (Figure 21.28). Q: What term simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation? A:
OPTIONS:
- hyposensitivity
- isosensitivity
- monosensitivity
- hypersensitivity

Answer: hypersensitivity

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: One way to test a cause and effect hypothesis is to perform a controlled experiment. In a controlled experiment, two identical experiments are carried out side-by-side. In one of the experiments, the independent variable being tested is used, and in the other experiment, the control, the independent variable is not used. Q: What type of experiment involves two identical experiments carried out side-by-side, with and without an independent variable? A:
OPTIONS:
- trial run
- defined experiment
- blind test
- controlled experiment
Answer: controlled experiment

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Excretion is any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body. Excretion is the job of the excretory system. Besides the kidneys, other organs of excretion include the large intestine, liver, skin and lungs. Q: What is the process whereby excess water and waste is removed from the body? A:
OPTIONS:
- filtration
- diffusion
- exhalation
- excretion
output: excretion

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Enzyme Compartmentalization In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different organelles. This allows for yet another level of regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for more efficient chemical reactions. Examples of this sort of enzyme regulation based on location and proximity include the enzymes involved in the latter stages of cellular respiration, which take place exclusively in the mitochondria, and the enzymes involved in the digestion of cellular debris and foreign materials, located within lysosomes. Feedback Inhibition in Metabolic Pathways Molecules can regulate enzyme function in many ways. A major question remains, however: What are these molecules and where do they come from? Some are cofactors and coenzymes, ions, and organic molecules, as you've learned. What other molecules in the cell provide enzymatic regulation, such as allosteric modulation, and competitive and noncompetitive inhibition? The answer is that a wide variety of molecules can perform these roles. Some of these molecules include pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical drugs, toxins, and poisons from the environment. Perhaps the most relevant sources of enzyme regulatory molecules, with respect to cellular metabolism, are the products of the cellular metabolic reactions themselves. In a most efficient and elegant way, cells have evolved to use the products of their own reactions for feedback inhibition of enzyme activity. Feedback inhibition involves the use of a reaction product to regulate its own further production (Figure 6.21). The cell responds to the abundance of specific products by slowing down production during anabolic or catabolic reactions. Such reaction products may inhibit the enzymes that catalyzed their production through the mechanisms described above. Q: In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different what? A:

OPTIONS:
- organisms
- atoms
- electrons
- organelles

A: organelles

input: OPTIONS:
- biomes
- spontaneous mutation
- food chains
- ecological pyramids Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ecological pyramids can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem. Energy pyramids are discussed at http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=8T2nEMzk6_E (1:44). Q: What can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem? A:
A:
output: ecological pyramids

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Besides their strength, another pro of electromagnets is the ability to control them by controlling the electric current. Turning the current on or off turns the magnetic field on or off. The amount of current flowing through the coil can also be changed to control the strength of the electromagnet. Q: Electromagnets can be controlled by controlling what type of current? A:
OPTIONS:
- magnetic
- positive
- negative
- electric
Answer:
electric