Given the question: Information: - Odrow is a Polish coat of arms of probably Moravian origin. It was used by many noble families known as "szlachta" in Polish in medieval Poland and later under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, branches of the original medieval Odrowowie family as well as families connected with the Clan by adoption. - The Permanent Council was the highest administrative authority in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth between 1775 and 1789 and the first modern executive government in Europe. As is still typically the case in contemporary parliamentary politics, the members of the Council were selected from the parliament or "Sejm" of the Commonwealth. Even though it exerted some constructive influence in Polish politics and government, because of its unpopularity during the Partitions period, in some Polish texts it was dubbed as "Zdrada Nieustajca" - Permanent Betrayal. - The Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It consists of 460 deputies (posowie, literally "envoys", in Polish) elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the "Sejm" of the Republic of Poland" ("Marszaek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"). In the Kingdom of Poland, ""Sejm"" referred to the entire three-chamber parliament of Poland, comprising the lower house (the Chamber of Envoys), the upper house (the Senate; Polish: "Senat") and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. Since the Second Polish Republic (19181939), ""Sejm"" has referred only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the "Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" ("Senate of the Republic of Poland"). - The Targowica Confederation was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, which had been adopted by the Great Sejm, especially the provisions limiting the privileges of the nobility. The text of the founding act of the confederation was written by the Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov, Chief of Staff of Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin. Its purpose was proclaimed in the small town of Targowica (now in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine) on May 14, 1792. Four days later two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal declaration of war. - Stanisaw II August (also Stanisaw August Poniatowski; born Stanisaw Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 12 February 1798) was the last King and Grand Duke of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth (176495). He remains a controversial figure in Polish history. Recognized as a great patron of the arts and sciences and an initiator and firm supporter of progressive reforms, he is also remembered as the last king of the Commonwealth whose election was marred by Russian involvement. He is criticized primarily for his failure to stand against the partitions, and thus to prevent the destruction of Poland. - The Lithuanian Tribunal was the highest appeal court for the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was established by Stephen Bathory, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, in 1581 as the counterpart to the Crown Tribunal of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, established in 1578. The judges were elected from local nobles furthering nobility's Golden Liberty. The Tribunal ceased to exist after the Third Partition of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. - Moravia is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early modern Margraviate of Moravia was a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (from 1348 to 1918), an imperial state of the Holy Roman Empire (1004 to 1806), later a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and briefly also one of 17 former crown lands of the Cisleithanian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. During the early 20th century, Moravia was one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1928; it was then merged with Czech Silesia, and eventually dissolved by abolition of the land system in 1949. - Kirovohrad Oblast (translit. "Kirovohradska oblast"; also referred to as Kirovohradschyna - "") is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi, formerly known as Kirovograd. Population: . - Stephen Bathory (27 September 1533 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (157176), Prince of Transylvania (157686), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and "jure uxoris" King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586). - Joachim Chreptowicz pseud . : Jeden z wspoziomkow ( 1729 -- 1812 ) , of Odrow Coat of Arms , was a Polish nobleman , writer , poet , politician , Grand Secretary of Lithuania , marshal of the Lithuanian Tribunal and the last Grand Chancellor of Lithuania . He was a member of the Permanent Council , activist of the Commission of National Education , physiocrat and a vivid supporter of the Targowica Confederation . - The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 13th century until 1795. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic Baltic tribes from Aukstaitija. - The szlachta (exonym: "Nobility") was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great. In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class. As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (15691795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands. - The Commission of National Education (abbreviated KEN, ) was the central educational authority in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and the King Stanisaw August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773. Because of its vast authority and autonomy, it is considered the first Ministry of Education in European history and an important achievement of the Polish Enlightenment. - Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. - Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with fivemillion inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow. - Golden Liberty, sometimes referred to as Golden Freedoms, Nobles' Democracy or Nobles' Commonwealth (or "Zota wolno szlachecka") was a unique political system in the Kingdom of Poland and, after the Union of Lublin (1569), in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. Under that system, all nobles ("szlachta"), regardless of rank or economic status, were considered to have equal legal status and enjoyed extensive legal rights and privileges. The nobility controlled the legislature (the "Sejm" the Polish parliament) and the Commonwealth's elected king. - Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. - The PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. The union was formalized by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de-facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King "jure uxoris" Wadysaw II Jagieo of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the nation's size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'country of citizenship' with the subject 'joachim chreptowicz'. Choices: - austrian empire - belarus - bohemia - czech republic - denmark - finland - grand duchy of lithuania - holy roman empire - lithuania - poland - prussia - romania - russia - slovakia - sweden - transylvania - ukraine
The answer is:
grand duchy of lithuania