Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Facial dog bite injuries pose a significant public health problem.', 'Seventy-five consecutive patients (45 males, 30 females) treated solely by plastic surgery service for facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver Metro area between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The following information were recorded: breed, relationship of patient to dog, location and number of wounds, the duration between injury and surgical repair and dog bite incident, type of repair, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Primary end points measured were wound infection, the need for revision surgery, and patient satisfaction.', 'Ninety-eight wounds in the head and neck region were repaired (46 children; mean age, 6.8 years) and (29 adults; mean age, 47.3 years). Twelve different breeds were identified. There was no significant association between the type of dog breed and the number of bite injuries. The duration between injury and repair ranged from 4 hours to 72 hours (mean [SD], 13.7 [10.9] hours). The majority of bite wounds (76 of 98) involved the cheek, lip, nose, and chin region. Direct repair was the most common surgical approach (60 of 98 wounds) (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between wounds needing reconstruction versus direct repair according to dog breed (p = 0.25). Ten wounds required grafting. Twenty-five wounds were managed by one-stage or two-stage flaps. Only three patients (3.06 %) underwent replantation/revascularization of amputated partial lip (n = 2) and of cheek (n = 1). There was one postoperative infection. Data from five-point Likert scale were available for fifty-two patients. Forty patients were satisfied (5) with the outcome, while five patients were somewhat satisfied (4), and seven were neutral.
Answer: Availability of the plastic surgery service at a Level I trauma center is vital for the optimal treatment of facial dog bite injuries. Direct repair and reconstruction of facial dog bite injuries at the earliest opportunity resulted in good outcomes as evidenced by the satisfaction survey data and low complication rate.
[A]: Do retrospective analysis of facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver metro area?

[Q]: Context: Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF), which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGF. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGF1 and TGF2.', 'Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGF1, and TGF2. Tenascin-C, TGF1, and TGF2 were detectable in all milk samples.', 'Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGF1 and TGF2 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGF1 (26%) and TGF2 (>500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (p = 0.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGF1 and TGF2 (p < 0.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGF2 than -1 (-0.37 versus -0.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation.
Answer: The inverse correlation with TGF2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.
[A]: Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation?

[Q]: Context: T(H)1 cell-mediated immunity is essential for host defense against a variety of intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, salmonella, and Leishmania species. A major T(H)1-mediated effector mechanism involves the IFN-gamma-induced killing of the pathogen by infected macrophages.', 'The range of known T(H)1-specific effector molecules is limited, especially in human subjects. We sought to identify novel effector molecules that might be involved in T(H)1-mediated pathogen clearance.', 'We performed microarray-based analysis of human T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells to identify T(H)1-specific molecules. These analyses identified the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin as a highly expressed T(H)1-specific molecule. We examined the expression of fibronectin in a variety of human cell types by using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. We also studied the role of fibronectin in modulating monocyte phenotype using in vitro culture.', 'We show that human T(H)1 cells constitutively express and secrete fibronectin after in vitro differentiation from naive precursors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ex vivo human T(H)1 cells selectively express fibronectin when compared with T(H)2 cells. The predominant isoform of fibronectin expressed by T(H)1 cells contains additional domains of the protein responsible for alpha4beta1 integrin binding and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. We show that treatment of monocytes with T(H)1 cell-derived fibronectin induces expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 while inhibiting IL-10 expression.
Answer: Because fibronectin also plays a major role in the attachment and opsonization of numerous intracellular pathogens, we propose that it might be a critical molecule produced by T(H)1 cells involved in pathogen eradication.
[A]:
Is fibronectin a TH1-specific molecule in human subjects?