Information: - Immunoglobulin M, or IgM for short, is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells. IgM is by far the physically largest antibody in the human circulatory system. It is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen. The spleen, where plasmablasts responsible for antibody production reside, is the major site of specific IgM production. - Hyper IgM syndromes is a group of primary immune deficiency disorders characterized by defective CD40 signaling; "via" B cells affecting class switch recombination(CSR) and somatic hypermutation. Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination deficiencies are characterized by elevated serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and a considerable deficiency in Immunoglobulins G (IgG), A (IgA) and E (IgE). As a consequence, people with HIGM have decreased concentrations of serum IgG and IgA and normal or elevated IgM, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. - Macrophages (from Greek "" ("makros") = large, "" ("phagein") = to eat) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. These large phagocytes are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They take various forms (with various names) throughout the body (e.g., histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, and others), but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Besides phagocytosis, they play a critical role in nonspecific defense (innate immunity) and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. For example, they are important as antigen presenters to T cells. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections. - B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies. Additionally, B cells present antigen (they are also classified as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs)) and secrete cytokines. - Hyper - IgM syndrome type 3 is a form of Hyper IgM syndrome characterized by mutations of the CD40 gene . In this type , Immature B cells can not receive signal 2 from helper T cells which is necessary to mature into mature B cells . - IGE (Internet Gaming Entertainment) is a company which trades in virtual currency and accounts for MMORPGs. One of the main dealers in virtual economy services, members of the gaming community were often critical of IGE, as its services may allow players to break rules in online games. - In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 (after the OKT4 monoclonal antibody that reacted with it) before being named CD4 in 1984. In humans, the CD4 protein is encoded by the "CD4" gene. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'hyper-igm syndrome type 3' with the relationship of 'instance of'. Choices: - antibody - blood cell - cell - class - community - component - disease - economy - entertainment - function - group - internet - professional - subtype - system
disease

(Question)
Information: - The Parliament of Tasmania consists of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, Tasmanian Legislative Council and the Monarch represented by the Governor of Tasmania. - The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly will nominate its leader to be Premier. The nominated politician is then invited by the Governor of Tasmania to act as their principal adviser. - A general election for the Tasmanian House of Assembly was held on Saturday 20 July 2002 . The Labor government led by Premier Jim Bacon was seeking a second term against the Liberal Party of Australia Opposition headed by Opposition Leader Bob Cheek . The election was marked by a strong swing to both the Labor Party and the Tasmanian Greens at the expense of the Liberals , with Cheek losing his own seat . Bacon and the Labor Party campaigned on a platform of revitalising the state after the 1990s - era economic reforms of successive Liberal governments , while maintaining law and order and a strong economy , and promoting tourism in particular . In response , Cheek and the Liberals claimed that the government had abandoned small business and promised a wide range of spending initiatives - something that was seized upon by Bacon as a means of attacking the Liberals ' economic credentials . The Tasmanian Greens , under leader Peg Putt , campaigned as an alternative to both major parties , concentrating on environmental issues , which are often an area of bipartisan agreement among the Tasmanian major parties . The results of the election were somewhat unexpected . The government retained its 14 seats in the 25 - member parliament and recorded a swing in their favour in all five electorates . The Liberal Party had held ten seats before the election , but lost three to the Greens , who subsequently went from one to four seats . The Greens gained 18.1 % of the statewide vote , their highest on record . In the Hobart - based seat of Denison , the Greens polled 24.5 % , outpolling the main Opposition Liberal Party . The election had major impacts on both the Liberal Party and Tasmanian Greens , while leaving the governing ALP largely unchanged . The Liberal Party elected a new parliamentary leader , MP Rene Hidding , from the Lyons , following the defeat of its previous leader , Bob Cheek who lost his seat in the Liberal rout . In contrast to the misfortune of the Liberal Party , the election saw the unexpected... - The House of Assembly, or Lower House, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Tasmania in Australia. The other is the Legislative Council or Upper House. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Hobart. - James Alexander Bacon, AC (15 May 195020 June 2004) was Premier of Tasmania from 1998 to 2004. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'tasmanian state election' with the relationship of 'office contested'. Choices: - governor - premier - premier of tasmania
(Answer)
premier of tasmania