Q: In mathematics, a function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. An example is the function that relates each real number "x" to its square "x". The output of a function "f" corresponding to an input "x" is denoted by "f"("x") (read ""f"of"x""). In this example, if the input is 3, then the output is 9, and we may write . Likewise, if the input is 3, then the output is also 9, and we may write . (The same output may be produced by more than one input, but each input gives only one output.) The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.

Functions of various kinds are "the central objects of investigation" in most fields of modern mathematics. There are many ways to describe or represent a function. Some functions may be defined by a formula or algorithm that tells how to compute the output for a given input. Others are given by a picture, called the graph of the function. In science, functions are sometimes defined by a table that gives the outputs for selected inputs. A function could be described implicitly, for example as the inverse to another function or as a solution of a differential equation.

Answer the following questions:
1. What are functions?
2. Between what?
3. What are different types of function in today's mathematics?
4. What sort of image could you use to describe them?
5. How could a function's representation be implied?
6. Any other way?
7. What way is that?
8. How could a function be directly defined?
9. Can each input give many outputs?
10. Can an output give many inputs?
A: 1. relations
2. inputs and outputs
3. the central objects of investigation
4. a graph
5. as the inverse to another function
6. yes
7. a solution of a differential equation
8. by a table
9. no
10. yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Mali (i/mli/; French: [mali]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: Republique du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (55%) are non-denominational Muslims.

Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.

1. what country is the article about?
2. when was the new constitution written?
3. which countries joined in 1959
4. is Mali a 1 party state?
5. how many natural resources of Mali are named?
6. what religion are most people?
7. what percent are non-denominational muslim?
8. what is the official name of Mali?
9. where is Mali located?
10. what is the population?
11. does anyone live in poverty?
12. is there fishing there?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Republic of Mali
2. 1991
3. French Sudan and Senegal
4. No
5. Two
6. Non-denominational Muslims.
7. 55%
8. The Republic of Mali
9. West Africa
10. 14.5 million
11. Yes
12. Yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89.2 C (128.6 F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is 63 C (81 F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica.

1. Which continent is the coldest?
2. The driest and windiest?
3. Which continent is generally more above sea level than Antarctica?
4. Does Antarctica get lots of snow?
5. Which is wetter, the coast or inland?
6. Are polar bears native to Antarctica?
7. What animals are?
8. Any others?
9. Can you name three others?
10. How many people live there?
11. Where do they live?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Antarctica
2. Antarctica
3. unknown
4. No
5. The coast
6. No
7. Mites
8. Yes
9. nematodes, penguins, and seals
10. Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people
11. At the research stations