Information: - A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. The study of parasitic diseases is called parasitology. - Filariasis ( or philariasis ) is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type . These are spread by blood - feeding black flies and mosquitoes . This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiasis . Eight known filarial nematodes use humans as their definitive hosts . These are divided into three groups according to the niche within the body they occupy : Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , and Brugia timori . These worms occupy the lymphatic system , including the lymph nodes ; in chronic cases , these worms lead to the disease elephantiasis . Subcutaneous filariasis is caused by Loa loa ( the eye worm ) , Mansonella streptocerca , and Onchocerca volvulus . These worms occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin , in the fat layer . L. loa causes Loa loa filariasis , while O. volvulus causes river blindness . Serous cavity filariasis is caused by the worms Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi , which occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen . The adult worms , which usually stay in one tissue , release early larval forms known as microfilariae into the host 's bloodstream . These circulating microfilariae can be taken up with a blood meal by the arthropod vector ; in the vector , they develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new host . Individuals infected by filarial worms may be described as either '' microfilaraemic '' or '' amicrofilaraemic '' , depending on whether microfilariae can be found in their peripheral blood . Filariasis is diagnosed in microfilaraemic cases primarily through direct observation of microfilariae in the peripheral blood . Occult filariasis is diagnosed in amicrofilaraemic cases based on clinical observations and , in some cases , by finding a circulating antigen in the blood . - Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question, but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'medical specialty' with the subject 'filariasis'. Choices: - genetics - infection - infectious disease
infectious disease
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Information: - Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with an estimated population of 2.04million living in Greater Perth. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with the majority of the metropolitan area of Perth located on the Swan Coastal Plain, a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp, a low coastal escarpment. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the city's central business district and port (Fremantle) both located on its shores. The Perth Metropolitan Region includes 30 local government areas, which themselves consist of a large number of suburbs, extending from Two Rocks in the north to Rockingham in the south, and east inland to The Lakes. - The Shire of Chittering is a local government area in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, covering an area of about just beyond the northeastern fringe of the Perth metropolitan area, generally along and east of the Great Northern Highway. Its seat of government is the town of Bindoon. - Lower Chittering is a suburb of Perth , Western Australia , located within the Shire of Chittering and forms part of the Chittering Valley . The Chittering Valley is well known for its abundance of wild flowers and beautiful green rolling hills . At the 2006 census , Lower Chittering had a population of 1,395 . Lower Chittering consists largely of rural and rural residential properties . A local developer is developing a 102 hectares ( 250 acres ) parcel called Chittering Retreat into 45 rural residential lots . This development is mainly on cleared land although many mature trees exist on the gently undulating landform . Natural fresh water springs are not very common in the area however Chittering Retreat has a substantial fresh water spring . Developments such as Chittering Retreat help provide important infrastructure to the area such as the upgrading of Morley Road , Lower Chittering and undergrounding of some power services . - Great Northern Highway links Western Australia's capital city Perth with its northernmost port, Wyndham. With a length of almost , it is the longest highway in Australia, with the majority included as part of the Perth Darwin National Highway. The highway is constructed as a sealed, predominantly two-lane single carriageway, but with some single-lane bridges in the Kimberley. Great Northern Highway travels through remote areas of the state, and is the only sealed road link between the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia. Economically, it provides vital access through the Wheatbelt and Mid West to the resource-rich regions of the Pilbara and Kimberley. In these areas, the key industries of mining, agriculture and pastoral stations, and tourism are all dependent on the highway. - Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres (976,790 sq mi), and the second-largest country subdivision in the world however, a significant part of it is sparsely populated. The state has about 2.6million inhabitants, around 11% of the national total. 92% of the population lives in the south-west corner of the state. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'lower chittering'. Choices: - agriculture - area - capital - central business district - city - coastal plain - escarpment - highway - local government - mining - national highway - number - ocean - part - population - road - single - state - subdivision - the city - tourism - town - two
town
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