Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are also six types of leptons, including electrons. Leptons have an electric charge of either -1 or 0. Electrons, for example, have a charge of -1. Leptons have mass, although the mass of electrons is extremely small. Q: How many types of leptons are there? Choices: - nine - two - twelve - six A:
six
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A common disorder of the ovaries is an ovarian cyst . A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. An ovarian cyst is usually harmless, but it may cause pain. Most cysts slowly disappear and do not need treatment. Very large or painful cysts can be removed with surgery. Q: What is the term for a sac filled with fluid or other material? Choices: - blister - lesion - tumor - cyst A:
cyst
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What phase follows ovulation? Choices: - interstitial phase - telophase - varicose phase - luteal phase A:
A: luteal phase
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pyruvate still contains a great deal of chemical energy. In fact, two pyruvate molecules contain most of the chemical energy from the original glucose molecule. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondria for complete breakdown by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain. If oxygen is not present, cells must transform pyruvate to regenerate NAD + in order to continue making ATP. Keep in mind that glycolysis produces a net total of 2 ATP. Q: What kind of energy does pyruvate have a lot of? Choices: - thermal - nuclear - gravitational - chemical A:
Answer: chemical
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of parsimony. The word parsimony means "thriftiness. " The law of parsimony states that, when choosing between competing theories, you should select the theory that makes the fewest assumptions. In other words, the simpler theory is more likely to be correct. For example, you probably know that Earth and the other planets of our solar system orbit around the sun. But several centuries ago, it was believed that Earth is at the center of the solar system and the other planets orbit around Earth. While it is possible to explain the movement of planets according to this theory, the explanation is unnecessarily complex. Q: What the scientific concept stating that when looking at two competing theories, the one with fewer assumptions should be chosen? Choices: - law of thermodynamics - law of simplicity - law of averages - law of parsimony A:
**Answer**
law of parsimony
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Supercritical Fluids If we place a sample of water in a sealed container at 25 C, remove the air, and let the vaporization-condensation equilibrium establish itself, we are left with a mixture of liquid water and water vapor at a pressure of 0.03 atm. A distinct boundary between the more dense liquid and the less dense gas is clearly observed. As we increase the temperature, the pressure of the water vapor increases, as described by the liquid-gas curve in the phase diagram for water (Figure 10.31), and a two-phase equilibrium of liquid and gaseous phases remains. At a temperature of 374 C, the vapor pressure has risen to 218 atm, and any further increase in temperature results in the disappearance of the boundary between liquid and vapor phases. All of the water in the container is now present in a single phase whose physical properties are intermediate between those of the gaseous and liquid states. This phase of matter is called a supercritical fluid, and the temperature and pressure above which this phase exists is the critical point (Figure 10.35). Above its critical temperature, a gas cannot be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied. The pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature is called the critical pressure. The critical temperatures and critical pressures of some common substances are given in Table 10.3. Substance. Q: What phase exists when all the water in a container has physical properties intermediate between those of the gaseous and liquid states? Choices: - stationary fluid - hydrothermal fluid - impregnation fluid - supercritical fluid A:
**Answer**
supercritical fluid