Please answer this: Given the following passage "The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initially synonyms. It was in this sense that James Madison in Federalist 39 had referred to the new United States as 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both' (ie. neither a single large unitary state nor a league/confederation among several small states, but a hybrid of the two). In the course of the nineteenth century the meaning of federalism would come to shift, strengthening to refer uniquely to the novel compound political form, while the meaning of confederalism would remain at a league of states. Thus, this article relates to the modern usage of the word 'federalism'.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: When did federalism and confederalism became no longer synonyms?
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Answer: nineteenth century

Please answer this: Given the following passage "In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. They then ran outside to a getaway vehicle driven by a third Culver City gang member, who is now also in custody. The clothing store was believed to be a local hang out for Santa Monica gang members. The dead included two men from Northern California who had merely been visiting the store's owner, their cousin, to see if they could open a similar store in their area. Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by the Santa Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were gunned down.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Who's cousin owned Westside Clothing?
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Answer: Anthony and Michael Juarez

Please answer this: Given the following passage "Examples are he "river", hu "lake", liu "stream", chong "riptide" (or "flush"), hua "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (), which is a reduced form of the character shui meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The right-hand side in each case is a phonetic indicator. For example, in the case of chong (Old Chinese *-lju), the phonetic indicator is zhong (Old Chinese *k-lju), which by itself means "middle". In this case it can be seen that the pronunciation of the character is slightly different from that of its phonetic indicator; the process of historical phonetic change means that the composition of such characters can sometimes seem arbitrary today.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: What is the character in the text that has different ways of saying?
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Answer:
zhong