Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity applies to elementary particles and their interactions, describing all their physical phenomena except gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including astronomy.

The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton. It introduced concepts including spacetime as a unified entity of space and time, relativity of simultaneity, kinematic and gravitational time dilation, and length contraction. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the nuclear age. With relativity, cosmology and astrophysics predicted extraordinary astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves.

Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity in 1905, building on many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincare and others. Max Planck, Hermann Minkowski and others did subsequent work.

Einstein developed general relativity between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915. The final form of general relativity was published in 1916.

1. Whose theory did Einstein's replace?
2. How old was Newton's theory?
3. What is one phenomenon predicted with relativity in the field of astronomy?
4. Did the theory predict black holes?
5. Neutron stars?
6. Supernovae?
7. Was Einstein's theory based entirely on his own findings?
8. What is the name of one man whose findings Einstein drew from?
9. And another?
10. And one more?
11. Did Max Planck continue in Einstein's line of work?
12. Who else did?
13. What age did Einstein's theories bring about?
14. What two theories are included in the theory of relativity?
15. True or False: Special relativity describes how gravity works.
16. Does general relativity apply to the study of space?
17. What century does Einstein's theory belong to?
18. In what year did he begin to develop general relativity?
19. When did he publish its final form?
20. When did others begin to add to it?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Isaac Newton
2. 200
3. cosmological
4. yes
5. yes
6. no
7. no
8. Albert A. Michelson
9. Hendrik Lorentz
10. Henri Poincare
11. yes
12. Hermann Minkowsk
13. nuclear age
14. special relativity and general relativity
15. false
16. yes
17. 20th century
18. 1907
19. 1916
20. 1915

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ("French work") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.

It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.

1. What time period did Gothic architecture begin?
2. What country?
3. It continued until when?
4. What was this era known as?
5. What does that translate to?
6. Was this during medieval times?
7. Which part?
8. When was the word Gothic first seen?
9. What continent is it most prevalent?
10. Is it in churches there?
11. What about cathedrals?
12. What kind of buildings are still around from that time?
13. What organization lists some of the churches?
14. As what?
15. What do people think of them as?
16. How many are left?
17. Are they all big?
18. Are the small ones important?
19. Is the flying buttress considered Gothic?
20. What's another characteristic?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. 12th-century
2. France
3. into the 16th century
4. Opus Francigenum
5. "French work
6. yes
7. high and late
8. later part of the Renaissance
9. Europe
10. yes
11. yes
12. many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms
13. UNESCO
14. World Heritage Sites
15. priceless works of art
16. A great number
17. no
18. yes
19. yes
20. ribbed vault

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Once there was a young boy named Bret who had a cat named Wolfgang. The boy had really wanted a wolf for a pet, but his mother said wolves liked to hog the bathroom and liked to blow things down and they snored. So the boy had to call his cat Wolfie.

He had also thought about naming his cat Sir Purrsalot. Bret himself planned to become a knight when he grew up (or maybe a cowboy) and thought Sir Purrsalot sounded like a good name for his brother knight. The difficulty there was that Wolfie didn't purr a lot. He purred when he was being fed or petted, but no one could say he purred a lot. Plus Bret's mother said knights liked to poke things with their swords and they also liked to hog the bathroom and they clanked.

So Bret was left with a cat named Wolfgang. The neighbors gave him strange looks when he stood in the front yard in the evening and yelled "Wolfie! Here Wolfie!!!", to get Wolfgang to come in for the night. But Bret didn't care what anyone else thought. He had a Wolfie and maybe he'd end up becoming a pet doctor when he grew up instead.

1. Who planned something?
2. what?
3. Who purred?
4. is it something he did all the time?
5. was wolfie a dog?
6. what was he?
7. what did Bret's mother say?
8. did he yell in the yard at night?
9. was he a vet?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Bret
2. To become a knight or a cowboy
3. Wolfie
4. No
5. No
6. A cat
7. Knights poke things with their swords, hog the bathroom, and clank
8. Yes
9. No