the latter was planned as a series of independent stories linked by a common main character, albondocani. albondocani was one of the names used by caliph haroun al raschid in thousand and one nights.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: The latter was planned as a series of independent stories linked by a common main character, Albondocani. Albondocani was one of the names used by Caliph Haroun al Raschid in Thousand and One Nights.
when john herschel was born in 1792 william was 55 years old and mary was 42.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: When John Herschel was born in 1792 William was 55 years old and Mary was 42.
and they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, ha! thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ha! Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,
the system design icon, siedle vario, provides fresh proof of this, presenting itself in four new finishes.

How would the previous sentence be correctly capitalized?
Answer: The system design icon, Siedle Vario, provides fresh proof of this, presenting itself in four new finishes.