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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Armed Forces Reserve and National
Guard Dual-Status Review and Modernization Act''.

SEC. 2. POSTPONEMENT OF DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION OF CONVERSION OF
CERTAIN MILITARY TECHNICIAN (DUAL STATUS) POSITIONS TO
POSITIONS OF CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT BY THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT.

(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) A September 2013 study conducted by a federally funded
research and development center found that 21 percent of the
military technician (dual status) positions are administrative
in nature--the largest category as a percentage of military
technician (dual status) positions. The study recommends
investigation on whether ''some Dual Status MilTech positions
supporting general administration functions could be converted
to Title 5 Federal civilian full-time support positions without
compromising unit readiness''. The study further recommends
investigation on whether ''it is more appropriate to use
military full-time support for other reasons (such as currency
in military operations and training and augmentation)''.
(2) Section 1053 of the National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2016 directs the conversion of not fewer than
20 percent of all military technician positions to positions of
Federal civilian employment under title 5, United States Code,
by January 1, 2017. Section 1084 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 extends the deadline for
that conversion from January 1, 2017, to October 1, 2017.
(3) The Department of Defense submitted a report on the
management of military technicians in December 2016 that finds
that 12.6 percent of the military technician (dual status)
positions were administrative in nature, and recommended a
conversion of 4.8 percent of such positions to positions of
Federal civilian employment.
(4) The Chief of the National Guard Bureau testified before
Congress in April 2017 that a conversion of 20 percent of
military technician (dual status) positions to positions of
Federal civilian employment would degrade readiness, but that a
lower number could be converted with minimal impact. The Chief
of the National Guard Bureau also testified that the Department
of Defense had not conducted an analysis of the associated
costs and benefits of a conversion of 20 percent of military
technician (dual status) positions to positions of Federal
civilian employment.
(b) Postponement of Deadline for Completion of Conversion.--
Notwithstanding the deadline otherwise specified in paragraph (1) of
section 1053(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2016 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) for the completion of the conversion of
military technician positions as described in that subsection, the
deadline for the completion of such conversion shall be 180 days after
the date on which the Secretary of Defense transmits to Congress under
paragraph (6) of subsection (c) the report of the working group
required by paragraph (5) of that subsection.
(c) Working Group on Full Time Support of the Reserve Components.--
(1) In general.--There shall be established in the
Department of Defense a working group to be known as the
''Working Group on Full Time Support of the Reserve
Components'' (in this subsection referred to as the ''working
group'').
(2) Co-chairs.--The co-chairs of the working group shall be
the following:
(A) The Director of the Army National Guard.
(B) The Director of the Air National Guard.
(C) The Chief of the Army Reserve.
(D) The Chief of the Air Force Reserve.
(3) Members.--The members of the working group shall
include the co-chairs of the working group and such other
personnel of the Department of Defense as the Secretary shall
appoint from among organizations and elements of the Department
with an interest in full time support of the reserve components
of the Armed Forces, including the National Guard Bureau and
the Adjutants General of the States.
(4) Duties.--The working group shall undertake a
comprehensive review of full time support of the reserve
components of the Armed Forces, including the following:
(A) An identification of the missions, purposes,
and objectives of military technicians (dual status) in
support of an operational reserve force.
(B) A review of the posture of current military
technician (dual status) positions, and of their
current role in meeting the objectives identified
pursuant to subparagraph (A).
(C) An analysis of potential restructurings of the
workforce of military technicians (dual status) in
order to identify a restructuring that fully aligns
military technician (dual status) positions with
objectives for full time support of the reserve
components.
(D) An identification of the military technician
(dual status) positions whose conversion to positions
of Federal civilian employment under title 5, United
States Code, would best ensure the achievement of
objectives for full time support of the reserve
components.
(E) An assessment of the impact on the readiness of
the National Guard for domestic operations of the
conversion of positions identified pursuant to
subparagraph (D) as described in that subparagraph.
(F) An assessment of costs and potential savings
associated with the conversion of positions identified
pursuant to subparagraph (D) as described in that
subparagraph.
(5) Report to secretary of defense.--Not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the working
group shall submit to the Secretary of Defense a report on the
comprehensive review undertaken pursuant to paragraph (4). The
report shall include the following:
(A) A comprehensive description of the review and
the results of the review.
(B) The percentage of military technician (dual
status) positions whose conversion to positions of
Federal civilian employment under title 5, United
States Code, would best ensure the achievement of
objectives for full time support of the reserve
components of the Armed Forces as an operational
reserve.
(C) A transition plan for implementing a new force
structure for full time support of the reserve
components, including for the conversion of positions
as described in subparagraph (B) which mitigates any
risks to readiness identified pursuant to paragraph
(4)(E).
(D) Recommendations for the reform of personnel
management policy for military technician (dual status)
positions that address--
(i) the eligibility of military technicians
(dual status) for civilian retirement upon
retirement from the Armed Forces; and
(ii) the process for appealing employment
decisions.
(E) Recommendations for reforms of compensation and
benefits policies for military technician (dual status)
positions in order to provide military technicians
(dual status) with parity in compensation and benefits
with other Federal civilian employees of the Department
of Defense under title 5, United States Code.
(6) Transmittal of report to congress.--The Secretary shall
transmit to the congressional defense committees the report of
the working group under paragraph (5), together with such
discussion and recommendations in connection with the report as
the Secretary considers appropriate. The Secretary shall
publish the report, and any such discussions and
recommendations, in the Federal Register at the time of
transmittal.
(7) Congressional defense committees defined.--In this
subsection, the term ''congressional defense committees'' has
the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10,
United States Code.
Output:
Armed Forces Reserve and National Guard Dual-Status Review and Modernization Act This bill postpones the deadline for conversion of at least 20% of all military technician (dual status) positions to positions of civilian employment in the federal government until 180 days after the Department of Defense transmits to Congress the report of the Working Group on Full Time Support of the Reserve Components, established by this bill. The working group shall undertake a comprehensive review of full-time support of the reserve components of the Armed Forces, including: an identification of the missions, purposes, and objectives of military technicians (dual status) in support of an operational reserve force; a review of the posture of such positions and their role in meeting such objectives; an analysis of potential workforce restructuring to fully align such positions with objectives for full-time support of the reserve components; an identification of such positions the conversion of which to federal civilian positions would best ensure the achievement of such objectives; an assessment of the impact of such conversion on the readiness of the National Guard for domestic operations; and an assessment of costs and potential savings associated with such conversion.