Every marinade is made of three key components: acid, oil, and flavorings. The oil moistens the meat while spices and herbs add flavor. The acid makes it all possible by breaking down the raw meat, thereby permitting the oil and spices to have an effect. Many marinades use vinegar for the acid, but lemon juice is just as effective and lends a citrus flavor. Use anywhere from 1 tablespoon to 1/4 cup (15 to 60 milliliters) lemon juice for marinades, depending on how much meat you use, how tender you want it to be, and how strong you want the lemon flavor to be. If you are not sure which ones to try, consider trying black pepper, garlic, dill, or parsley. These meats are the densest, so the lemon juice has more the break down than it does in poultry or fish. Smaller chunks of beef and pork can pick up flavor from a marinade in 45 minutes or so, while roasts and large cuts can withstand marinating for up to two days. Chicken is less dense than beef and pork, and it can usually pick up flavor within the first 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the size of the cut. You can marinate chicken for several hours without negatively affecting the texture, but while it is technically safe to allow chicken to marinate for up to two days, allowing it to sit this long will turn the texture tough and chewy. Fish and other types of seafood have a very light density, and the acidic lemon juice can actually "cook" the fish if it seeps in for more than an hour. For most dishes, marinating for 30 minutes is ideal.
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One-sentence summary -- Use lemon juice to marinate meat, poultry, and fish. Make sure to choose spices and herbs that complement the taste of lemon. Marinate beef and pork for two hours to maximize the amount of flavor the meat picks up from the marinade. Allow poultry to marinate for 30 minutes to about four or five hours. Do not marinate fish any longer than 60 minutes.

Keys are named after the musical notes they represent. Musical notes use letters from A to G. Each white key is called by a single letter name, with letters repeating every eight white keys. Moving up the keyboard, the next white note after G is A, but then the pattern continues normally (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B) and vice versa when moving down. One of the easiest notes on the keyboard to locate is C. Look for a grouping of two black keys (there will probably be several). The white key to the immediate left of these black keys is always C. The C at the center of the keyboard is called middle C. The C directly above is high C, and the C directly below low C. This pattern holds for other notes, too. As a beginner, you might not know which finger to use to play a note. This is why fingering notation is included with many beginner songs. Numbers above notes correspond to the finger you should use to play, as follows: 1 represents your thumb. 2 represents your pointer finger. 3 represents your middle finger. 4 represents your ring finger. 5 represents your pinkie. It's no joke, the better your posture is, the better your playing will sound. Good posture allows you to use your full body when sitting at the keys, which will create a fuller, richer sound. Keep your back and neck straight and in alignment. It may help you improve slouching if you set up a mirror to the side of your keyboard. You should be sitting high enough that your elbow and upper arm hang freely from your shoulder with your forearm parallel to the floor. Adjust your distance from the keyboard so that your elbows are a little in front of the center line of your body when playing. When resting fingers on the keys, hold your wrists so they are level with your hands and relaxed. Your fingers should be slightly curled. Press keys with a soft, fluid motion, similar to how a cat kneads. Some keyboards may not change volume when keys are pressed soft or hard. This feature is generally referred to as "key action" or "weighted keys." Even if your keyboard doesn't have action, you should practice proper key attack anyways. This way, when you sit down at a keyboard with weighted keys, you'll still sound great.
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One-sentence summary -- Familiarize yourself with the names of the keys. Recognize fingering notation. Sit at the keyboard with good posture. Keep your hands relaxed and press the keys smoothly.

Your German Shepherd may have a hard time pumping blood throughout his body if his aorta is deformed. The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart. If the valve into the aorta is narrowed, as in AS, a backpressure is created in the heart making your dog work harder to circulate blood. Medication is the most common treatment for AS, which treats the irregular heart rhythm and may include antibiotics to prevent infection. Surgery is not recommended. Your German Shepherd may have a heart deformity that's causing a heart murmur or another health condition (like problems eating or with blood circulation). These deformities may include: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): This is a temporary blood vessel in a fetal puppy that should close shortly after he's born. If it stays open, blood may bypass your dog's lungs. Vascular ring anomaly (also known as persistent right aortic arch): This is another blood vessel that should close before your dog is born. If it stays open after birth, the vessel traps your dog's esophagus which makes it hard for him to swallow food down into his stomach. Mitral or tricuspid valve disease: These valves separate the heart's atria from the ventricles. If they don't fit perfectly together, then blood can leak in the wrong direction, causing a heart murmur. If your dog has abnormalities in the heart muscle itself, he may have dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. With Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the heart muscle tires and becomes baggy. With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle thickens, causing the chambers to get smaller and hold less blood. Treatment usually focuses on improving your dog's diet and exercise habits. Most vets don't recommend surgery unless your German Shepherd develops congestive heart failure. Older German Shepherds are prone to a vascular tumor (hemangiosarcoma) that attacks the vessels lining the heart. This tumor is the most common type in dogs and usually isn't noticed until it gets big enough to cause complications. Your dog may have abdominal swelling, irregular heartbeat, and anemia. Treatment for hemangiosarcoma is difficult. Veterinarians usually recommend chemotherapy and possibly draining the site of the tumor. Because the tumor is on the heart, treatment may only be able to add a few months to your dog's life.
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One-sentence summary --
Consider if your German Shepherd has aortic stenosis (AS). Think about whether or not your dog has heart defects. Think about if your dog has cardiomyopathy. Consider if your dog has a tumor.