Question: In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a name used by the APG IV system for a clade within the monocots, which in its turn is a clade within the angiosperms. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch, the other two groups being the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of the monocots. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, he had merged this subclass into a larger one no longer considered to be a clade.

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.

The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998). In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales. 1. what is the article about?
2. what were they originally called?
3. when were they first known?
4. by?
5. what did he call them?
6. what family is not in commelinids now?
7. under what is it?
8. did Armen subclass them?
9. what was that?
10. when did he change this?
11. what did he do then?
12. what do cell walls contain?
13. is commelinoids plural?
14. how many groupings are in the monocots?
15. are they the only clade named in the monocots?
16. what kind are the remaining?
17. does it have more groups?
18. how many?
19. what are they called?
20. what system is used in the article? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. commelinids
2. commelinoids
3. 1967
4. Armen Takhtajan
5. Commelinidae
6. Dasypogonaceae
7. order Arecales.
8. yes
9. monocots
10. 1980
11. merged this subclass into a larger one
12. UV-fluorescent ferulic acid
13. yes
14. three
15. yes
16. paraphyletic unit
17. yes
18. two
19. alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
20. APG IV system

Q: In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a symbol or word used to connect two or more sentences (of either a formal or a natural language) in a grammatically valid way, such that the value of the compound sentence produced depends only on that of the original sentences and on the meaning of the connective.

The most common logical connectives are binary connectives (also called dyadic connectives) which join two sentences which can be thought of as the function's operands. Also commonly, negation is considered to be a unary connective.

Logical connectives along with quantifiers are the two main types of logical constants used in formal systems such as propositional logic and predicate logic. Semantics of a logical connective is often, but not always, presented as a truth function.

A logical connective is similar to but not equivalent to a conditional operator.

In the grammar of natural languages two sentences may be joined by a grammatical conjunction to form a "grammatically" compound sentence. Some but not all such grammatical conjunctions are truth functions. For example, consider the following sentences:

The words "and" and "so" are "grammatical" conjunctions joining the sentences (A) and (B) to form the compound sentences (C) and (D). The "and" in (C) is a "logical" connective, since the truth of (C) is completely determined by (A) and (B): it would make no sense to affirm (A) and (B) but deny (C). However, "so" in (D) is not a logical connective, since it would be quite reasonable to affirm (A) and (B) but deny (D): perhaps, after all, Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water, not because Jack had gone up the hill at all.

1. a symbol or word used to connect two or more sentences
2. a logical operator
3. binary connectives
4. its similar to but not equivalent
5. a unary connective.
6. a grammatical conjunction
7. Some
8. The words "and" and "so" are "grammatical" conjunctions joining the sentences (A) and (B) to form the compound sentences (C) and (D).
9. Jill
10. a pail of water
11. yes

Numbered questions:
1. What is a logical connective?
2. What is it also known as?
3. What are the most common connectives?
4. Is a logic connective the same as a conditional operator?
5. What is negation?
6. What can be used in natural language to join two sentences?
7. Are grammatical conjunctions truth functions?
8. What are examples of gramatical conjunctions?
9. Who went up the hill?
10. What was she after?
11. Did jack go up the hill?

input: Nokia Corporation, stylised as NOKIA, is a Finnish multinational communications, information technology and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2016, Nokia employed approximately 101,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around 23.6 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. It is the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the "Fortune Global 500," and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

The company has had various industries in its 152-year history. It was founded as a pulp mill, but since the 1990s focuses on large-scale telecommunications infrastructures, technology development and licensing. Nokia is also a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry, having assisted in the development of the GSM, 3G and LTE standards, and was, for a period, the largest vendor of mobile phones in the world, its dominance also extending into the smartphone industry. After a partnership with Microsoft and market struggles, its mobile phone business was eventually bought by the former, with Microsoft Mobile formed as the business' successor when the deal was completed on 25 April 2014. After the sale of its mobile phone business, Nokia began to focus more extensively on its telecommunications infrastructure business, marked by the divestiture of its Here Maps division and the acquisition of French-American telecommunications company Alcatel-Lucent. Nokia also entered virtual reality and digital health (the latter by purchasing Withings). The Nokia brand has since returned to the mobile and smartphone market through a licensing arrangement with HMD Global. 1. how old is the Nokia company?
2. who eventually bought their mobile phone business?
3. where are they based?
4. where is that?
5. when did they close the deal with Microsoft?
6. what year was the company founded?
7. were they always a phone company?
8. what were they started as?
9. when did they transition to telecommunications?
10. how many people do they employ?
11. how many countries do they do business in?
12. which company did Nokia acquire?
13. are they also finnish?
14. where are they from?
15. are they also a telecommunications company?
16. what was Nokia reported revenue?
17. who do they have a licensing agreement with?
18. what market does that make them a part of again?
19. how does it rank in terms of company size versus the rest of the world?
20. according to who? Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. 152 years old
2. Microsoft
3. Espoo, Uusimaa
4. Finland
5. 25 April 2014
6. 1865
7. no
8. a pulp mill
9. after the sale of its mobile phone business
10. 101,000
11. more than 130 countries
12. Alcatel-Lucent
13. no
14. France and America
15. yes
16. 23.6 billion
17. HMD Global
18. the mobile and smartphone market
19. it's the world's 415th-largest company
20. "Fortune Global 500"