Process: - Rock begins as magma from a volcano - The magma cools - Crystals form and the magma become igneous rocks - The igneous rocks break down into sediment - Become sedimentary rocks - If subjected to heat and/or pressure from plate-tectonic activity the sedimentary rocks become metamorphic rock - The metamorphic rocks melt - Become magma again. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are less rock breakage happens, how will it affect there are less crystals that form. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: yes

Q: Process: - Greenhouse gases are released into the air by human activities - The earth changes energy from the sun into heat - Heat rises from the ground - Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere prevent the heat from going into space - The temperature of the earth increases - The temperature continues to rise and melts the polar ice caps - The temperature rises even faster. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose humans seeding artificial clouds in the sky happens, how will it affect a GREATER greenhouse effect. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

Question: Process: - Bacteria enter the body - Bacteria start to divide and grow - The uncontrolled growth takes away resources from other cells - Other cells cannot function properly - We feel unwell - The growth and division of bacteria produce toxins - Toxins harm the body - The body tries to react to the toxins - The body's natural defenses can sometimes cause us to feel unwell. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more toxins are produced happens, how will it affect MORE SEVERE disease occurring. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

[Q]: Process: - Sunlight hits chloroplasts in the plant - The energy from the sunlight causes an enzyme in the plant to break apart the water - The water breakes into oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons - Hydrogen, along with electrons energized by light, converts NADP into NADPH - Oxygen diffuses out of the plant as a waste product of photosynthesis - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose it is winter time happens, how will it affect LESS sugar and oxygen being produced. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: yes

input: Please answer the following: Process: - You breathe air in - Air enters bronchial tubes - Air is then split into the bronchioles of each lung - Bronchioles have alveoli which are tiny air sacs - Alveoli is surrounded by many small blood vessels - Oxygen passes through alveoli into blood vessels - Blood leaves the lungs as it travels through the body - Blood carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs - Carbon dioxide released when you exhale. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose when you hyperventilate happens, how will it affect less air enters the lung. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: yes

Process: - The bird picks a tree - The bird collects twigs and other refuse - The bird makes a flat base with twigs - The bird makes sides with twigs and other things - The bird adds softer material to the inside - The nest is done. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are too many predators in the area happens, how will it affect forms a nest with the materials gathered. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer:
yes