In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and N-cadherin interact to transduce intracellular signals. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. This study attempted to detect changes in GDNF-induced -catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in C6 glioma cells.', 'C6 glioma cells were treated with GDNF (70 ng/mL) and membrane and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted. A N-cadherin antibody was used for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). Western blot analysis using the co-IP protein was completed using antibodies for -catenin, Src and -actin. Immunocytochemistry was conducted with the same antibodies. To determine if Src induced phosphorylation of -catenin Tyr-654, Western blot analysis was also performed on nuclear proteins from C6 cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 using then p- -catenin antibody.', 'After induced by GDNF, C6 cell membrane -catenin was phosphorylated at Tyr-654 and subsequently separated from the N-cadherin/-catenin complex. Further study confirmed that the induction by GDNF significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of phospho--catenin (Tyr-654) in C6 glioma cells. There was also an increase in the binding of non-receptor protein kinase Src with N-cadherin on the inner cell membrane surface. Src induced phosphorylation of -catenin Tyr-654 induced by GDNF decreased significantly.\Question: Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promote -catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in glioma cells?
The results of our study demonstrate that GDNF increases the intracellular phosphorylation level of -catenin through N-cadherin/Src signaling, which subsequently stimulates the nuclear translocation of -catenin. This study provides a theoretical basis for us to reveal the role of biological mechanisms on glioma cell by GDNF.

Context: This study was conducted to determine if there was an increase in the urinary excretion of fluoride, after the use of fluoride mouth rinses in children.', 'The sample consisted of 58 children aged 5-8 years, randomly selected, residents in non-fluoridated water areas. Urine samples were collected prior to mouthwash and also 2 hours after use. The control sample, which received no treatment, consisted of 16 children of equivalent age and from the same community. Urinary excretion of fluoride was analysed by determining the pH, creatinine, F- ion and fluoride (mg)/creatinine (g) (F/Cr) ratio in urine. Results In the studied sample, the mean F/Cr ratio before fluoride mouth rinse was 0.26 mg/g and it rose to 1.58 mg/g 2 hours after mouth rinse. This difference of 1.33 mg/g was statistically highly significant (p<.001). In the control group no significant changes occurred. The average 2 hours afterward F/Cr ratios were 0.29 and 0.27 respectively (p=0.426).\Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.

Context: The interactions among experience, emotion, and memory are considered to be instrumental in the ontogeny and maintenance of acquired emotional and behavioral disorders (e.g., phobias). Here we address the question whether an anxiety-like state can associate with taste to produce conditioned taste aversion (CTA).', 'We have used an anxiogenic agent, the 5-HT2C receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), to induce an anxiety-like emotional state in rats after consumption of an unfamiliar tastant.', 'The anxiogenic agent induced CTA. The mCPP-induced CTA could be prevented by concomitant administration of ethanol, which is known to reverse mCPP-induced anxiety-like behavior, at a concentration that had no effect on CTA memory. In contrast, ethanol did not prevent LiCl-induced CTA. Administration of mCPP before the consumption of the tastant had no effect on the preference for that tastant.\Question: Does anxiety-like state associate with taste to produce conditioned taste aversion?
Taken together, these results indicate that anxiety-like state can serve as the unconditioned stimulus in CTA training. This finding may be relevant to the ontogeny of pathologies involving food aversion.