TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This structure does not function correctly in those with Stargardt disease, and certain cells in the capillaries of this structure can cause Scheerer's phenomenon. Muller glial cells found in this structure can dedifferentiate into multipotent progenitor cells, and Tay-Sachs disease is often diagnosed by a red spot on it. This structure receives oxygen from the choroid coat, which separates it from the (*) sclera. This structure's most sensitive region is the fovea, which is located at the center of its macula. Vitamin A is necessary for the function of this structure, which has a "blind spot" where it connects to the optical nerve. Rods and cones are found in, for ten points, which inner layer of the eye that sends optical signals to the brain

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Laplaces rule may be used to compute a version of this quantity for its namesake tensor in order to prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture for Latin squares of even order; that proof uses Cayleys version of this operator. The Cauchy-Binet rule generalizes it to commutative rings, while Leibnizs formula uses permutations of elements to compute it. Setting to zero the result of this operation on lambda I minus A allows us to calculate As eigenvalues. Cramers rule uses ratios of these to solve systems of linear equations. For ten points, name this quantity that is a d minus c b for a 2 by 2 matrix a b c d.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Along with a bound Loki and the Midgard Serpent, this figure is depicted on the west side of the Gosforth Cross. This figure claimed Jarl as his son after sleeping with both Jarl's mother and her husband, and then taught him runes and gave him one of this figure's names. This grandson of Geirrendour or Aegir once took the guise of a seal to rescue the Brisingamen from Loki at the Singasteinn. Sometimes called the White God, he resides in Himinbjorg, and he rides the horse Gulltop and wields the sword Hofund. He can hear the wool grow on a sheep's back and will blow the Gjallarhorn to announce Ragnarok, where he will kill Loki but die from his wounds. For 10 points, name this Norse god who guards the rainbow bridge Bifrost.

SOLUTION:
Social Science