instruction:
Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
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Fluoride supplements were developed in the 1950s based on the incorrect and outdated notions that (a) fluoride's benefit to teeth comes from being swallowed during childhood, and that (b) children in unfluoridated communities have a deficiency of fluoride intake. For example, the use of a series of four or more topical applications should be considered for a patient with a severe caries problem. Likewise, a reduced topical application time of 30 seconds as opposed to four minutes may be adequate to maintain a patient with little or no current caries activity. Check with your child's doctor for any other special instructions. 1 Your child can eat and drink right after the fluoride varnish is applied. But only give your child soft foods and cold or warm (not hot) foods or liquids. 2 Do not brush or floss teeth for at least 4 to 6 hours. Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride which is applied to the tooth's surface, by a dentist, dental hygienist or other health care professional, as a type of topical fluoride therapy.[1] It is not a permanent varnish but due to its adherent nature it is able to stay in contact with the tooth surface for several hours. When is Fluoride Varnish not used? Fluoride varnish is not used if there are noticeable sores in the mouth or on the gums. It is also not used if there is an allergy to one of the ingredients in the varnish or to pine nuts. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or dentist. The first use of adjusted fluoride in water for caries control began in 1945 and 1946 in the United States and Canada, when the fluoride concentration was adjusted in the drinking water supplying four communities (2--5). Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. The evidence quality was poor. The CDC recommends that in communities where natural fluoride levels are high, parents should give kids water from other sources. The ADA also recognizes that infants need less fluoride than older kids and adults. Some infants may be getting too much fluoride in the water used to reconstitute infant formula. Fluoride supplements can be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years who are at high risk for tooth decay and whose primary drinking water has a low fluoride concentration. 2, 21 Tablets and lozenges are manufactured with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg fluoride. 2, 3 Most supplements contain sodium fluoride as the active ingredient. 2 To maximize the topical effect of fluoride, tablets and lozenges are intended to be chewed or sucked for 12 minutes before being swallowed; 2, 3, 5 for ... A 1992 census found that, for U.S. public water supply systems reporting the type of compound used, 63% of the population received water fluoridated with fluorosilicic acid, 28% with sodium fluorosilicate, and 9% with sodium fluoride. Query: at what age should fluoride be used
answer:
Fluoride supplements should be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years.

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Here's what you need to know to predict how long you'll need to wait for your refund. Tax refunds: an overview. Filling out your annual tax return involves calculating how much you owe the government in taxes based on your earnings and which tax deductions and credits you are eligible to receive. Copyright ©️ State of California You are leaving ftb.ca.gov We do not control the destination site and cannot accept any responsibility for its contents, links, or offers. Review the site's security and confidentiality statements before using the site. If you have any issues or technical problems, contact that site for assistance. Refund Processing Time. 1 E-filed tax returns with direct deposit E-file with direct deposit is the fastest way to get your federal tax refund. 2 Mailed paper returns Refund processing time is 6 to 8 weeks from the date the IRS receives your tax return. How long does it take to get the state of Massachusetts tax refund if you efile? It usually takes 3 to 6 days depending on the day and time you file. for instance, monday before 9am, youll get it between thursday and saturday after 3pm Some tax returns need extra review for accuracy, completeness, and to protect taxpayers from fraud and identity theft. Extra processing time may be necessary. 2. Check the status of your 2017 personal income tax refund. You can get an automatic 6-month extension (to October 15, 2018) of time to file your North Carolina tax return by filling out and mailing Form D-410. North Carolina does not accept federal extensions. If you cannot file your state tax return on time, North Carolina requires that you apply for an extension of time to file, whether or not you owe state tax. You do not have to attach the extension form to your NC state return. Quick Answer. Tax returns filed with the state by mail generally take about eight weeks to receive refunds, while returns sent in electronically take about three weeks. The refund disbursement time frame is different in each state, and other circumstances, such as volume of returns being processed, may hold up refunds. Refunds take up to 30 days to be direct deposited and up to 60 days to be mailed. Mississippi: Check your refund status on the Mississippi Taxpayer Access Point Refund Search page. Their 24 hour refund number is 601-923-7801. E-filed refunds are issued within 14 business days while paper filed may take 8-10 weeks. Are you wondering when you will get your state tax refund? Some states process refunds in days while others can take up to 16 weeks. Many tax filers know about the IRS "Where's My Refund?" tool to learn the status of federal refunds. However, some don't know where to check the status of a state refund. Query: how long does it take to get your state tax refund?
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It takes 3 to 6 days depending on the day and time you file to tex refunds.

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Summit Medical Group Web Site. 1 Throat pain relief Children over age 1 can sip warm chicken broth or apple juice. Children over age 6 can suck on hard candy (butterscotch seems to be a soothing flavor) or lollipops. Children over 8 years old can also gargle with warm salt water (1/4 teaspoon of salt per glass). Most sore throats are caused by viruses and are part of a cold. About 10% of sore throats are caused by strep bacteria. Tonsillitis (temporary swelling and redness of the tonsils) usually occurs with any throat infection, viral or bacterial. Swollen tonsils do not have any special meaning. In adults, Group B strep can cause urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections, pneumoniaand, rarely, meningitis, according to the CDC. Strep bacteria can also cause inflammation of the kidneys. Called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the condition can occur one to two weeks after a strep throat infection. One indication of this type of inflammation is rust-colored urine. Symptoms. Symptoms of strep throat typically appear several days after exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptom of a strep infection is a sore throat. Irritants such as smoke in the air can also make you feel raw. Strep throat is different -- it's caused by bacteria. You need to know whether you or your child has strep or another illness so you can get the right treatment. How Do I Catch It? Strep throat is an infection of the throat and tonsils. Bacteria called group Astreptococcus cause it. They live in the nose and throat. You can get the infection from someone who is sick with strep A bacteria or is a carrier of it. Like other infections, it spreads through close contact. Strep throat can leave you feeling sore and scratchy. Learn what causes this infection and how to tell strep from other sore throat causes. Two types of bacteria can cause strep throat: Group A (also known as Streptococcus pyogenes) and Group B. Each strain of bacteria can result in different complications. Strep bacteria are very contagious, and spread by nasal secretions and saliva. Strep throat most often afflicts children younger than 16, according to the Mayo Clinic. Strep throat itself is not particularly dangerous but the infection can worsen, especially if it goes untreated. If strep throat does not improve within two days of beginning treatment, it could indicate the presence of another infection, the spread of strep to other areas outside the throat, or an inflammatory reaction. Strep bacteria may infect the tonsils and sinuses if left untreated. The Strep test is not urgent, however, since treating a strep infection within 7 days of when it begins can prevent rheumatic fever. A Strep test is not necessary if your child's sore throat is part of a cold AND the main symptom is croup, hoarseness, or a cough, unless the sore throat lasts more than 5 days. If your child has strep throat, streptococci bacteria will grow in it. It usually takes about 2 days to get results from a throat culture. It can confirm whether your child has strep throat or not. Treatments. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria that cause the infection. Most treatments last for about 10 days. Some people suffering from strep throat will also get swollen lymph glands in their neck. Others experience vomiting or a red skin rash. How Long Does Strep Throat Last? Strep throat will only last 3 to 7 days with or without treatment. Doctors usually treat strep throat with antibiotics even though they will not make you well any faster. Strep throat contagiousness will continue for 24 hours once antibiotics are started. With no treatment, strep throat continues to be contagious until symptoms resolve. Query: how long does strep throat usually last
answer:
Strep throat will only last 3 to 7 days with or without treatment.