Problem: OPTIONS:
- hydraulics
- purging
- heating
- hydrometallurgy
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hydrometallurgy is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores. What types of ligands are most effective in this process?. Q: What is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores? A:
Answer: hydrometallurgy

Problem:OPTIONS:
- solvent law
- fractional mass
- volatile crystallization
- fractional crystallization

Answer the following question given this paragraph: temperature. In fact, the magnitudes of the changes in both enthalpy and entropy for dissolution are temperature dependent. Because the solubility of a compound is ultimately determined by relatively small differences between large numbers, there is generally no good way to predict how the solubility will vary with temperature. The variation of solubility with temperature has been measured for a wide range of compounds, and the results are published in many standard reference books. Chemists are often able to use this information to separate the components of a mixture byfractional crystallization, the separation of compounds on the basis of their solubilities in a given solvent. For example, if we have a mixture of 150 g of sodium acetate (CH3CO2Na) and 50 g of KBr, we can separate the two compounds by dissolving the mixture in 100 g of water at 80C and then cooling the solution slowly to 0C. According to the temperature curves in Figure 13.9 "Solubilities of Several Inorganic and Organic Solids in Water as a Function of Temperature", both compounds dissolve in water at 80C, and all 50 g of KBr remains in solution at 0C. Only about 36 g of CH3CO2Na are soluble in 100 g of water at 0C, however, so approximately 114 g (150 g 36 g) of CH3CO2Na crystallizes out on cooling. The crystals can then be separated by filtration. Thus fractional crystallization allows us to recover about 75% of the original CH3CO2Na in essentially pure form in only one step. Fractional crystallization is a common technique for purifying compounds as diverse as those shown in Figure 13.9 "Solubilities of Several Inorganic and Organic Solids in Water as a Function of Temperature" and from antibiotics to enzymes. For the technique to work properly, the compound of interest must be more soluble at high temperature than at low temperature, so that lowering the temperature causes it to crystallize out of solution. In addition, the impurities must be more soluble than the compound of interest (as was KBr in this example) and preferably... Q: What is the separation of compounds on the basis of their solubilities in a given solvent? A:
****
A: fractional crystallization

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Spinal cord Connecting to the brainstem and extending down the body through the spinal column is the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to the brain and from the brain to the body. The spinal cord is contained within the meninges and the bones of the vertebral column but is able to communicate signals to and from the body through its connections with spinal nerves (part of the peripheral nervous system). A cross-section of the spinal cord looks like a white oval containing a gray butterfly-shape (Figure 16.23). Axons make up the "white matter" and neuron and glia cell bodies (and interneurons) make up the "gray matter. " Axons and cell bodies in the dorsa spinal cord convey mostly sensory information from the body to the brain. Axons and cell bodies in the spinal cord primarily transmit signals controlling movement from the brain to the body. The spinal cord also controls motor reflexes. These reflexes are quick, unconscious movementslike automatically removing a hand from a hot object. Reflexes are so fast because they involve local synaptic connections. For example, the knee reflex that a doctor tests during a routine physical is controlled by a single synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. While a reflex may only require the involvement of one or two synapses, synapses with interneurons in the spinal column transmit information to the brain to convey what happened (the knee jerked, or the hand was hot). Q: Connecting to the brainstem and extending down the body through the spinal column is the spinal cord. the spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to this? A:
OPTIONS:
- lungs
- liver
- stomach
- brain
brain

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Investigations are at the heart of science. They are how scientists add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world. Scientific investigations produce evidence that helps answer questions. Even if the evidence cannot provide answers, it may still be useful. It may lead to new questions for investigation. As more knowledge is discovered, science advances. Q: What methods allow scientists to add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world? A:
OPTIONS:
- early investigations
- slow investigations
- close investigations
- through investigations

Answer: through investigations

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 32.4 Food Irradiation Ionizing radiation is widely used to sterilize medical supplies, such as bandages, and consumer products, such as tampons. Worldwide, it is also used to irradiate food, an application that promises to grow in the future. Food irradiation is the treatment of food with ionizing radiation. It is used to reduce pest infestation and to delay spoilage and prevent illness caused by microorganisms. Food irradiation is controversial. Proponents see it as superior to pasteurization, preservatives, and insecticides, supplanting dangerous chemicals with a more effective process. Opponents see its safety as unproven, perhaps leaving worse toxic residues as well as presenting an environmental hazard at treatment sites. In developing countries, food irradiation might increase crop production by 25.0% or more, and reduce food spoilage by a similar amount. It is used chiefly to treat spices and some fruits, and in some countries, red meat, poultry, and vegetables. Over 40 countries have approved food irradiation at some level. Food irradiation exposes food to large doses of. Q: Which radiations helps sterilize medical supplies? A:
OPTIONS:
- gamma radiation
- beta radiation
- ions radiation
- ionizing radiation
Answer: ionizing radiation

input: OPTIONS:
- physical science
- cultural science
- ecological science
- environmental science Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Environmental science deals with the effects people have on the environment. Q: What branch of science deals with the effects people have on the environment? A:
A:
output:
environmental science