INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Your first draft of your report should be just that: a first draft. You should expect to revise and rewrite your report several times before submitting it to your teacher for a grade or to your boss for evaluation. Leaving enough time to make the appropriate and necessary edits and changes is important if you want to write a particularly great report. You should do a thorough review of your report for both spelling and grammar. Remember that your computer's spell check will not catch every error. For example, you may mix up the use of the word "there" with "their." This will not be caught by a spell-checker, so do not depend on this function alone. Paying attention to the small details of your report (such as spelling and grammar) will improve the overall quality of your report. Make sure that you have complied with any specific requirements in your assignment or project description. You may need a title page, a certain type or size of font, or margins of a particular size. Revision should be more than just proofreading; instead, revision should be a critical examination of your work. Ultimately, you will want to look for errors that detract from the overall quality of your report, and this may mean deleting or rewriting large portions of your report. Ask yourself: Does my report fulfill its goal? If not, you may need to consider significant revisions. If possible, have a trusted friend, peer, or colleague read your report. In addition to proofreading for spelling and/or grammar errors, he or she may be able to provide critical and productive feedback. This can help your report go from good to great.

SUMMARY: Budget the time necessary to revise or rewrite your report. Check spelling and grammar. Check your formatting. Critically examine your work. Have your report reviewed.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: This will drain all of the water out of the tank and down the commode. If you can't flush the toilet for some reason, you can also use a cup or a hose to remove the water from the back of the tank. The tank is attached to the wall by the supply tube and attached to the toilet bowl by two bolts underneath the tank. Use an adjustable wrench to loosen and remove these nuts so you can remove the tank. You may need to use a flathead screwdriver to hold the bolts in place as you turn the nuts under the tank. Place the tank upside down next to the toilet bowl on a stable surface. If you want to avoid water getting on the floor, put some towels down and place the tank on top of these. Placing the tank upside down will give you direct access to the flush valve on the bottom of the tank. This is the large nut in the middle of the tank that holds the flush valve in place. Once you've unscrewed the locknut, simply push on the flush valve to pop it out. For best results, use a plumber's wrench to unscrew the locknut. Push the new flush valve down against the tank opening to install it. Follow the manufacturer's instructions to ensure you install the new valve properly. You can buy a new flush valve at any retailer that sells home improvement supplies. Reattach any parts of the flush valve that you disconnected when you were removing the old one. Be sure to replace the gasket over the locknut, as well. Tighten the nuts that you previously loosened that affix the tank to the supply tube and to the toilet bowl. Once the tank has been reattached, you can turn the water supply back on and refill the tank. Once the installation is complete, flush the tank to ensure that the leak is fully gone. If it isn't gone, check to make sure the leak isn't coming from somewhere else. If water is still leaking into the toilet bowl, go back and make sure you've fully tightened the bolts attached the flush valve.

SUMMARY: Turn off the water supply to the toilet and flush it. Remove the nuts attached to the supply tube and to the toilet bowl. Lift the tank off of the bowl once the nuts have been loosened. Unscrew the locknut on the bottom of the tank and remove the valve. Place the new flush valve in the spot where the old valve was. Tighten the locknut with a monkey wrench to complete the installation. Place the tank back on the toilet and tighten the bolts.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Set the pan on the stove, and turn the heat to low. Add 2-3 pats of butter. Once it's melted, you should have enough butter to cover the bottom of the pan. Once the butter is melted, gently place the kippers in the pan. Cook them for about 3 minutes per side, or a little longer if they're not quite done after that time. You can use skinless or kippers with the skin still on for this recipe, depending on your preference. Once the fish is flaky and opaque, take the pan off the heat. You can serve these with scrambled eggs and toast for breakfast. Serve with lemon or lime wedges to squeeze over the top.

SUMMARY: Heat a pan with butter over low heat. Add the kippers to the pan. Remove the kippers from the heat and serve.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: In CIDR, you have a IP address followed by bit-length prefix separated by slash(/). Now you can start to convert bit-length prefix to quad-dotted by separating the bit-length prefix in increments of 8 and adding the final bit number. Example: If the bit-length prefix is 27, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 3 . Example: If bit-length prefix is 12, then write it as 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 . Example: Default bit-length prefix is 32, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 8. The total number of bits is represented using the following equation: Tb = 8. Subnet masks can be 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 and 255. The table above gives you the Number of bits used for subnetting (n) to their corresponding subnet mask. For subnet mask 255 is default, so it'll not consider for subnet masking. From the previous step, you got IP address = 170.1.0.0 and Sub-net mask = 255.255.255.192 Total bits = Tb = 8 Number of bits used for subnetting = n. As the subnet mask = 192, its corresponding number of bits used for Subnetting is 2 from above table. The Number of subnets is 2n. In our example, the number of subnets = 22 = 4. The total number of subnets is 4. This is represented with the formula () = 2m. In our example, the value of last bit used for subnet masking = = 26 = 64. The value of the last bit used for subnet masking is 64. The number of hosts per subnet is 2m - 2. Now you can find previously calculated number of subnets by separating subnets each having the value of last bit used for subnet masking or . In our example, the last value used for subnet masking is 64. This produces 4 subnets with 64 addresses. Our example IP is 170.1.0.0. This falls in the 170.1.0.0 - 170.1.0.63 subnet.

SUMMARY:
Write the bit-length prefix in bit format. Determine the total number of bits. Determine the number of bits used for subnetting. Calculate the number of subnets. Calculate the value of last bit used for subnet masking. Calculate the number of hosts per subnet. Separate the subnets by the value of the last bit used for subnet masking. Find which subnet your IP address is in.