Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A: Breathing consists of inhaling and exhaling, and its purpose is to move gases into and out of the body. Oxygen needed for cellular respiration is brought into the body with each inhalation. Carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by cellular respiration are released from the body with each exhalation. Q: How is carbon dioxide and water vapor that is produced by cellular respiration released? A:

OPTIONS:
- peroxidation
- fermentation
- evaporation
- exhalation

A: exhalation

input: OPTIONS:
- infection
- pathogenic
- mutation
- immune Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Steps of Virus Infections A virus must use cell processes to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. Some infected cells, such as those infected by the common cold virus known as rhinovirus, die through lysis (bursting) or apoptosis (programmed cell death or "cell suicide"), releasing all progeny virions at once. The symptoms of viral diseases result from the immune response to the virus, which attempts to control and eliminate the virus from the body, and from cell damage caused by the virus. Many animal viruses, such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), leave the infected cells of the immune system by a process known as budding, where virions leave the cell individually. During the budding process, the cell does not undergo lysis and is not immediately killed. However, the damage to the cells that the virus infects may make it impossible for the cells to function normally, even though the cells remain alive for a period of time. Most productive viral infections follow similar steps in the virus replication cycle: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release (Figure 21.8). Attachment A virus attaches to a specific receptor site on the host cell membrane through attachment proteins in the capsid or via glycoproteins embedded in the viral envelope. The specificity of this interaction determines the hostand the cells within the hostthat can be infected by a particular virus. This can be illustrated by thinking of several keys and several locks, where each key will fit only one specific lock. Q: Symptoms of viral diseases result from what kind of response to a virus? A:
A:
output: immune

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Plants reduce nitrate back to what before incorporating the nitrogen into organic compounds:? A:

OPTIONS:
- phosphate
- sulfide
- phosphate
- ammonium

Answer: ammonium

Problem: OPTIONS:
- 1938
- 1901
- 1928
- 1908
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908 (see the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concept). Q: In what year was the hardy-weinberg theorem formulated? A:
Answer: 1908

Problem:OPTIONS:
- object energy
- initial speed
- inertia
- object ' s velocity

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as the velocity of the object. Q: Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as what? A:
****
A: object ' s velocity

Problem:OPTIONS:
- ribs
- patella
- cranial
- carpal

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carpal Bones The wrist and base of the hand are formed by a series of eight small carpal bones (see Figure 8.7). The carpal bones are arranged in two rows, forming a proximal row of four carpal bones and a distal row of four carpal bones. The bones in the proximal row, running from the lateral (thumb) side to the medial side, are the scaphoid ("boat-shaped"), lunate ("moonshaped"), triquetrum ("three-cornered"), and pisiform ("pea-shaped") bones. The small, rounded pisiform bone articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum bone. The pisiform thus projects anteriorly, where it forms the bony bump that can be felt at the medial base of your hand. The distal bones (lateral to medial) are the trapezium ("table"), trapezoid ("resembles a table"), capitate ("head-shaped"), and hamate ("hooked bone") bones. The hamate bone is characterized by a prominent bony extension on its anterior side called the hook of the hamate bone. A helpful mnemonic for remembering the arrangement of the carpal bones is "So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb. " This mnemonic starts on the lateral side and names the proximal bones from lateral to medial (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform), then makes a U-turn to name the distal bones from medial to lateral (hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium). Thus, it starts and finishes on the lateral side. Q: The wrist and base of the hand are formed by what series of small bones arranged in distal and proximal rows? A:
****
A:
carpal