Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Q: discrimination on the basis of his disability, in violation of the ADA and NYHRL. Falardo, who was a PBA representative, also claims that after he helped negotiate the contract with the City of New York creating the VSF, the Code was altered from covering police officers who retire "from service" to those who retire "for service," rendering those electing Disability Retirement ineligible for VSF benefits. Falardo alleges that this change in the statutory language constitutes fraud. B. PRIOR PROCEEDINGS The validity of the VSF statutory scheme (the "Scheme") and the method by which it distributes funds has been extensively challenged in both state and federal actions under a variety of theories. See Castellano v. City of New York, 142 F.3d 58, 74 (2d Cir.1998) ("Castellano II ") (<HOLDING>), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 820, 119 S.Ct. 60, 142
Holding statements: (A) holding that because the federal arbitration act 9 usc 1 et seq preempts michigans lemon law mcl 2571401 et seq the plaintiffs lemon law claim should have been resolved through binding arbitration (B) holding that prejudgment interest ordinarily should be awarded on damages pursuant to claims under the copyright act of 1909 17 usc 1 et seq 1976 ed superceded by the copyright act of 1976 17 usc 101 et seq (C) holding that the plaintiffs state commonlaw tort claims were preempted by the national motor vehicle safety act 15 usc 1381 et seq (D) holding that denial of vsf benefits to disabled retirees does not violate the ada the rehabilitation act 29 usc 791 et seq or the age discrimination in employment act of 1967 29 usc 621 et seq and that plaintiffs due process and first amendment claims were frivolous (E) holding that the age discrimination in employment act adea 29 usc 621 et seq was not a valid abrogation of the states sovereign immunity
A:
(D)