Problem: Braille is a tactile writing system used by people who are blind or visually impaired. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to refreshable braille displays. They can write braille with the original slate and stylus or type it on a braille writer, such as a portable braille notetaker or computer that prints with a braille embosser.

Braille is named after its creator, Louis Braille, a Frenchman who lost his sight as a result of a childhood accident. In 1824, at age 15, he developed a code for the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing. He published his system, which subsequently included musical notation, in 1829. The second revision, published in 1837, was the first binary form of writing developed in the modern era.

Braille characters are rectangular blocks called "cells" containing tiny bumps called "raised dots". The number and arrangement of these dots distinguish one character from another. Since the various braille alphabets originated as transcription codes for printed writing, the mappings (sets of character designations) vary from language to language. Furthermore, in English Braille there are three levels of encoding: Grade 1 a letter-by-letter transcription used for basic literacy; Grade 2 an addition of abbreviations and contractions; and Grade 3 various non-standardized personal shorthands.
1. Who came up with Braille?
2. Is it named for him?
3. When was he trying to make night writing better?
4. What did his code represent?
5. How old was he then?
6. What was published in 1937?
7. What about in 1837
8. Was this the first form of something?
9. During what period?
10. Who is braille meant for
Answer: 1. Louis Braille
2. Yes
3. 1824
4. the French alphabet
5. 15
6. unknown
7. second revision
8. binary form of writing
9. modern era
10. blind or visually impaired

Problem: CHAPTER V

OFF FOR WOODCRAFT

Edward Muldoon, otherwise Sparrer, surreptitiously pinched himself to make sure that he was not dreaming. He, newsboy from the lower East Side of New York, who had never been farther from it than Coney Island, riding in a brilliantly lighted Pullman coach on his way into the great woods of which he had dreamed so much since he became a Scout, and of which he had only the vaguest idea! It couldn't be.

And yet it was. The roar of the wheels told him that it was. The very feel of the luxurious seat in which he was sitting told him that it was. And to clinch the fact and at the same time make it harder to believe there were his three companions, Upton, his patrol leader, Harrison and Pat Malone, whom he had secretly made his hero. Yes, it was all true, and yet he couldn't get rid of the idea that sooner or later he would wake up and find it all a beautiful dream.

The fact is, this trip was in the nature of a Christmas present. From their first meeting Pat had taken a great fancy to the street gamin. He recognized a kindred spirit. Instinctively he realized that the difference between Sparrer and himself at the same age was mainly one of environment. The youngster's sturdy independence and self-reliance, his quick wit, even his impudence, struck responsive chords in the young woodsman. Sparrer was what he himself would have been had his nursery been a New York East Side tenement instead of the log cabin of a mill settlement in the lumber district of the North Woods.
1. Who is Sparrer
2. What did he do?
3. Why?
4. Where did he live?
5. What part?
6. What did he do to make money
7. Who was his secret hero?
8. Where was he going?
9. What was this trip?
10. From who?
11. Why?
12. Where was his nursery?
13. where?
14. in what district?
15. where?
16. What kind of coach were they in?
17. Who was with them also?
18. What were their names?
19. Who was Upton?
20. What is farthest Sparrer had gone before?
Answer: 1. Edward Muldoon
2. pinched himself
3. to make sure that he was not dreaming
4. New York
5. the lower East Side
6. He was a newsboy
7. Pat Malone
8. into the great woods
9. a Christmas present
10. Pat
11. Pat had taken a great fancy to him.
12. a log cabin
13. a mill settlement
14. the lumber district
15. the North Woods
16. a Pullman coach
17. his three companions
18. Upton, Harrison, and Pat
19. his patrol leader
20. Coney Island

Problem: CHAPTER XVIII

DICK AND SAM BECOME PRISONERS

"Do you really think those are counterfeit, Dick?" gasped Sam.

"More than likely. Don't you remember the machinery? That printing press--"

"Yes, yes! It's as clear as day. This must be a regular den, and Sack Todd--"

Sam got no further, for, at that moment, he felt himself seized from behind. A pair of strong arms were thrown around him, so that he could scarcely budge.

Dick was attacked in a similar fashion, and, though both of the Rovers struggled desperately, they found that their assailants had the advantage.

"Caught you good and proper, didn't we?" came in the voice of Sack Todd.

"Let me go!" cried Dick.

"Not much, young man. Have you got the other one, Jimson?"

"I have," answered the second man, a fellow with a long nose. "And he won't get away in a hurry. I'm thinking."

"We had better take 'em inside," went on Sack Todd.

"Just as you say," answered Andy Jimson. "I reckon you boys remember me," he went on with a grin.

"You are the man who was on that lumber raft that came near running down our houseboat," said Dick.

"Struck it, fust clip. Didn't expect to meet me ag'in, did ye?"

"I did not."

"Wanted to shoot me, didn't ye?"

"Didn't you deserve it?" asked Sam boldly. "You came mighty close to sinking us."

"Oh, that was only a bit of fun on the part o' the feller who owned the raft. He knew what he was doin'. But I reckon you didn't know what you were doin' when you spied on Sack and his outfit," continued the long-nosed man sarcastically.
1. Who had arms with strength around him?
2. What was Jimson's first name?
3. Who was spied on?
4. Did Sam inquire about something being counterfeit?
5. To whom?
6. Could Sam move after he had another person's limbs around him?
7. Did Dick's and Sam's attackers have advantages?
8. Who made a plea to be let go?
9. Did the man referred to as the second one has a distinctive nose?
10. How distinctive?
11. Who posited that he was remembered?
12. Did he smile as he said this?
13. What specific type of smile did he wear?
14. What kind of raft had Jimson been on?
15. Who realized he had been on the raft?
16. Was Dick surprised that they'd encountered each other again?
17. Did Sam imply that Jimson should have been harmed with a gun?
18. Why did Sam think he deserved to be shot?
19. Was Jimson's manner of speech described as mocking?
20. What was the word used to describe it?
Answer:
1. Sam
2. Andy
3. Sack
4. Yes
5. Dick
6. A bit, but just barely
7. Yes
8. Dick
9. Yes
10. It was long
11. Andy Jimson
12. Yes
13. A grin
14. Lumber
15. Dick
16. Yes
17. Yes
18. Almost caused them to sink
19. No
20. Sarcastically