This is the starting position for both sand skimming and wave skimming. Stand with the water on your left side if you're right-handed and vice versa. While you're holding the skimboard, put 1 hand on the back tail and 1 hand on the side rail halfway up the board. Hold the board so that it's parallel to the ground. One of the most common mistakes in skimboarding is pointing the board upwards before you throw it, which will result in a significantly slower skim. The best time to throw the board is when there's a thin coating of water on the sand between 0.25 inches (0.64cm) and 0.5 inches (1.3cm) high. If you're sand skimming, throw the board just as a wave is being sucked back out into the ocean. If you're skimming the water, throw it just before a wave comes in. Make sure you throw the board parallel to the shoreline to give yourself a longer ride. You can also opt to get a running head start before you throw the board, in order to pick up more speed. However, this isn't strictly necessary if you can throw the board hard enough. When you're just starting out, practice throwing the board from the starting position a few times to get the feel of it down and to learn how hard you need to throw it. If you jump or hop onto a moving skimboard, you'll immediately faceplant. Instead, run up to and alongside the board at an even pace. Place your front foot just slightly past the middle of the board, then place your back foot behind it. Using this method ensures that the board loses no speed as you get onto it (whereas if you jump onto it, the board is forced to break the surface tension of the water and thus stops skimming). Aim to take about 3 running steps before you jump onto your skimboard. Do not push off hard with your first foot when getting on the board; this will make the board shoot forward and fly away from you. Be sure to wear a helmet the first few times you try to run onto the board, just in case you fall off the board. It'll be difficult to learn how to run onto the board without falling, but you'll be able to master this move with enough practice! This is the ideal stance to be in on your skimboard in order to maintain balance and not fall off. Put slightly more pressure on your front foot if you're sand skimming. If you're skimming on water, put more pressure on your back foot just as the board makes contact with the water so that the front of the board doesn't catch on it. Maintaining a low stance on the skimboard is also a good technique for staying balanced while skimming. Your knees not only play an important role in skimboarding, but they're also one of the more at-risk parts of your body when you're skimming. Stop skimboarding immediately if your knees start to hurt to avoid giving yourself a serious injury. Whether your sand skimming or skimming on water, the act of riding a skimboard is mostly about staying on the board until it stops on its own. If you want to turn to change directions, simply shift your weight slightly to the side that you want to be turning towards. You generally won't need to turn much if you're sticking to sand skimming. However, turning is essential for riding waves and performing most tricks.
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One-sentence summary -- Lean forward and hold your board about 6 inches (15cm) above the sand. Throw the board out in front of you when the sand is wet. Run onto the board rather than jumping onto it after you throw it. Keep your knees bent and your weight centered on the board. Maintain your balance until the board stops or shift your weight to turn.

To be well-prepared for university studies in climatology, you'll need to have a strong background in math and science subjects. In high school, sign up for and do your best to excel in the most advanced courses in chemistry, biology, physics, calculus, geography, and computer science. Counselors are excellent resources to help you decide what to study and what universities to apply to according to your interests. Set up a meeting to discuss a plan of study with your assigned counselor. Discuss how best to prepare for the rigorous math and science demands of climatology coursework at the university level. For example, ask your counselor something like, "To be accepted to a climatology program, how much math, science, and computing coursework do I need?" Look into after-school clubs and organizations that focus on science, math, and computing activities. In addition to improving your chances for college acceptance, taking part in these groups can expose you to ways in which your studies can be used outside the classroom. Ask your counselor about joining a local club sponsored by 4-H, which is an organization that provides after-school professional development programs to middle- and high-school students.
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One-sentence summary -- Emphasize math and science in high school. Meet with your high school counselor. Take part in extracurricular groups.

Cut a skinny strip out of white crepe paper or tissue paper. Fold it in half several times, then cut a long, skinny petal shape out of it. This should give you several petals. Repeat this step until you have about 20 to 24 petals. Have the petals taper into a skinny tab at the bottom so that you can secure them more easily. If you used crepe paper, you can gently pull the petals apart at the center to widen them. If you used tissue paper, you can fold the petals over a toothpick or skewer lengthwise to create a slight crease. Make the petals more realistic by cutting a notch into the tip Begin by cutting a 1 to 2-inch (2.54 to 5.08-centimeter) tall rectangle from green tissue paper or crepe paper. Next, cut a jagged, grass-like fringe into one of the long edges. This will make the base of the daisy and help cover up the bottom part of the petals. Plan on making the rectangle about 5 inches (12.7 centimeters) long. You can always trim it down later if it's too long. Begin by folding a piece of green tissue or crepe paper in half. Cut a half-oval out of it, then cut notches into the curved edge of the oval. Unfold the oval to reveal your leaf. You can make as many leaves as you want. 2 to 3 would be ideal, however.
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One-sentence summary -- Cut petals out of crepe paper or tissue paper. Shape the petals further, if desired. Cut a jagged fringe from green paper for the flower base. Cut some leaf shapes, if desired.

Wash each quince in cool water. Stem and core the fruit and cut each one into chunks. Leave the peel intact. Place the pieces in a large soup pot or stew pot. Add enough water to cover all of the pieces by about an inch. Bring the water to a boil, reduce to a simmer, and cook the quinces for 45 minutes or so, until the pieces are soft. To test whether the quince pieces are done, poke them with a fork. If the fork slides in easily, the quince is ready. Overcooking the quince will affect the flavor, so make sure it is simmering, not boiling, as it cooks. Use a potato masher to mash the quince into pulp, leaving no large lumps. The mashed quince should be slightly runny, like loose applesauce. Add a little water if it seems too thick. Set out a large bowl. Place a mesh strainer over it, and cover the strainer with a large piece of cheesecloth. Pour the quince pulp into the cloth-covered strainer. The juice will begin to run into to the bowl, while the pulp stays in the cloth. Let the pulp strain for about 4 hours. Check the juice in the bowl every so often. You should end up with 4 to 5 cups after a 3 to 4 hours; if it doesn't seem as though you're getting enough juice, mix some water into the pulp and continue letting it drain. Use the back of a wooden spoon or a spatula to press the pulp when the straining time is nearing an end, to extract the last drops of juice.
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One-sentence summary --
Prepare the quince for cooking. Cook the quince . Mash the quince. Strain the quince.