In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To describe the findings of enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in glaucoma and pachychoroid spectrum diseases associated with peripapillary retinoschisis.', 'Retrospective, observational case series.', 'A total of 16 patients from 1 institution.', 'Detailed medical case histories, optic disc and retinal imaging with EDI using the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and clinical course were reviewed for patients with peripapillary retinoschisis without a known predisposing condition.', 'Clinical features and findings of the EDI OCT.', 'Among the 16 eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis that had abnormal findings on EDI of the LC, 8 had glaucoma and 8 had pachychoroid spectrum diseases, including chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) (6 eyes), small pigment epithelium detachment (1 eye), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (1 eye). The abnormal LC findings were central or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with glaucoma and LC disinsertions or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Central LC defects were related to inner layer retinoschisis, whereas LC disinsertions and peripheral LC defects were related to outer layer retinoschisis. The peripapillary retinoschisis did not show a topographic association with the underlying chronic CSC- or PCV-associated lesions. In 6 treated eyes with pachychoroid, peripapillary retinoschisis resolved along with subretinal fluid after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in 4 eyes, whereas retinoschisis persisted after the resolution of subretinal fluid in 2 eyes.\Question: Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?

Output: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To investigate the role of S100A3 and the effect of S100A3 inhibition on human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells by using in vitro and in vivo functional assays.', 'Using human CRPC cells (PC3 and DU145), S100A3 expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. After S100A3-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) treatment, cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptotic cell fractions were evaluated by flow cytometry. The invasive properties of these cells and the expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed using transwell migration assays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and gelatin zymography. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of S100A3 inhibition on human CRPC cells was investigated using human tumor xenograft models in nude mice.', 'Human CRPC cells showed overexpression of S100A3, and its suppression reduced cell viability owing to apoptotic cell death. Additionally, S100A3 inhibition decreased the invasiveness of human CRPC cells. Moreover, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated in PC3, whereas only MMP-9 was downregulated in D145 after S100A3 inhibition. In human CRPC xenograft models, we noted a marked reduction in tumor growth in mice injected with S100A3 short hairpin RNA-transfected PC3 and DU145 cells.\Question: Does s100A3 suppression inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and invasion of human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells?

Output: Human CRPC cells showed upregulation of S100A3 expression, and S100A3 inhibition reduced tumor cell viability. S100A3 inhibition reduced invasion capability with downregulation of MMP expression. More importantly, S100A3 inhibition resulted in tumor growth suppression in human CRPC xenograft models, suggesting S100A3 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human CRPC.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Smac/Diablo is a recently identified protein that is released from mitochondria after apoptotic stimuli. It binds IAPs, allowing caspase activation and cell death. In view of its activity it might participate in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed Smac expression in a panel of cervical cancer patients.', 'We performed semi quantitative RT-PCR on 41 cervical tumor and 6 normal tissue samples. The study included 8 stage I cases; 16 stage II; 17 stage III; and a control group of 6 samples of normal cervical squamous epithelial tissue.', 'Smac mRNA expression was below the detection limit in the normal cervical tissue samples. In contrast, 13 (31.7%) of the 41 cervical cancer biopsies showed detectable levels of this transcript. The samples expressing Smac were distributed equally among the stages (5 in stage I, 4 in stage II and 4 in stage III) with similar expression levels. We found no correlation between the presence of Smac mRNA and histology, menopause, WHO stage or disease status.\Question: Is sMAC expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer tumors?
Output: Smac is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients, reflecting a possible heterogeneity in the pathways leading to cervical cancer. There was no correlation with any clinical variable.