Problem: Karl Popper:

According to this theory, the conditions for the truth of a sentence as well as the sentences themselves are part of a metalanguage. So, for example, the sentence "Snow is white" is true if and only if snow is white. Although many philosophers have interpreted, and continue to interpret, Tarski's theory as a deflationary theory, Popper refers to it as a theory in which "is true" is replaced with "corresponds to the facts". He bases this interpretation on the fact that examples such as the one described above refer to two things: assertions and the facts to which they refer. He identifies Tarski's formulation of the truth conditions of sentences as the introduction of a "metalinguistic predicate" and distinguishes the following cases:

What concept did Tarski introduce to discuss the conditions for the truth of statements?
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A: metalanguage

Problem: Sumer:

Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and vegetable sacrifices. Granaries and storehouses were usually located near the temples. After a time the Sumerians began to place the temples on top of multi-layered square constructions built as a series of rising terraces, giving rise to the Ziggurat style.

Who were the rooms on either side of the aisles in the temple for?
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A: the priests

Problem: Estonian language:

Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters a, o, u, and o, plus the later additions s and z. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, s, and z appear in loanwords and foreign names only. O and u are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), A is pronounced [], as in English mat. The vowels A, O and U are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter o denotes //, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian // and the Vietnamese o, and is used to transcribe the Russian .

What vowels are not separate phonemes?
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A: unanswerable

Problem: John Kerry:

During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal.

Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?
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A:
near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay