Answer the following question given this paragraph: an endocrine system with glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones. Q: What is another term for chemical messenger molecules? Choices: - pheromones - enzymes - acids - hormones A:
hormones
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Pyramids of net production and biomass reflect what level of efficiency? Choices: - high - medium - extreme - low A:
(Answer)
low
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Intrapleural pressure is the pressure of the air within the pleural cavity, between the visceral and parietal pleurae. Similar to intra-alveolar pressure, intrapleural pressure also changes during the different phases of breathing. However, due to certain characteristics of the lungs, the intrapleural pressure is always lower than, or negative to, the intra-alveolar pressure (and therefore also to atmospheric pressure). Although it fluctuates during inspiration and expiration, intrapleural pressure remains approximately 4 mm Hg throughout the breathing cycle. Competing forces within the thorax cause the formation of the negative intrapleural pressure. One of these forces relates to the elasticity of the lungs themselveselastic tissue pulls the lungs inward, away from the thoracic wall. Surface tension of alveolar fluid, which is mostly water, also creates an inward pull of the lung tissue. This inward tension from the lungs is countered by opposing forces from the pleural fluid and thoracic wall. Surface tension within the pleural cavity pulls the lungs outward. Too much or too little pleural fluid would hinder the creation of the negative intrapleural pressure; therefore, the level must be closely monitored by the mesothelial cells and drained by the lymphatic system. Since the parietal pleura is attached to the thoracic wall, the natural elasticity of the chest wall opposes the inward pull of the lungs. Ultimately, the outward pull is slightly greater than the inward pull, creating the 4 mm Hg intrapleural pressure relative to the intraalveolar pressure. Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the intrapleural and intra-alveolar pressures, and it determines the size of the lungs. A higher transpulmonary pressure corresponds to a larger lung. Q: Surface tension of alveolar fluid, which is mostly water, creates an inward pull of the tissue of what organ? Choices: - spleen - brain - heart - lung A:
Ans: lung
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sympatric speciation occurs when groups from the same species stop mating because of something other than physical or geographic separation. The behavior of two groups that live in the same region is an example of such separation. The separation may be caused by different mating seasons, for example. Sympatric speciation is more difficult to identify. Q: What occurs when groups from the same species stop mating because of something other than physical or geographic separation? Choices: - extinction - complementary speciation - invasive speciation - sympatric speciation A:
(A).
sympatric speciation
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 15 1 The heart rate increases to send more blood to the muscles, and the liver releases stored glucose to fuel the muscles. 3 The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on a vertical orientation. 5 The release of urine in extreme fear. The sympathetic system normally constricts sphincters such as that of the urethra. 7 D 9 C 11 A 13 D 15 A 17 A 19 B 21 B 23 C 25 D 27 Whereas energy is needed for running away from the threat, blood needs to be sent to the skeletal muscles for oxygen supply. The additional fuel, in the form of carbohydrates, probably wouldn't improve the ability to escape the threat as much as the diversion of oxygen-rich blood would hinder it. 29 The nerves that carry sensory information from the diaphragm enter the spinal cord in the cervical region where somatic sensory fibers from the shoulder and neck would enter. The brain superimposes this experience onto the sensory homunculus where the somatic nerves are connected. 31 Pupillary dilation and sweating, two functions lost in Horner's syndrome, are caused by the sympathetic system. A tumor in the thoracic cavity may interrupt the output of the thoracic ganglia that project to the head and face. 33 Blood vessels, and therefore blood pressure, are primarily influenced by only the sympathetic system. There is no parasympathetic influence on blood pressure, so nicotine activation of autonomic ganglia will preferentially increase blood pressure. Also, cardiac muscle tissue is only modulated by autonomic inputs, so the conflicting information from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers will cause arrhythmias. Both hypertension and arrhythmias are cardiac risk factors. Q: The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on this? Choices: - frontal orientation - dorsal orientation - horizontal orientation - vertical orientation A:

Ans:vertical orientation
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Which energy is momentarily stored in tendons after each leap provides a boost for the next leap? Choices: - alternating - thermal - magnetic - kinetic A:
Answer:
kinetic