TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : "You're Gonna Need Me" is a 1973 soul song recorded by Dionne Warwick on her album, "Just Being Myself". It was released as the b-side to the title track, which peaked at #62 on the R&B singles chart in 1973. Released during the post-Bacharach and David period of Warwick's career, the song was written and produced by HollandDozierHolland, who were six years into recording their post-Motown period. The song would be revived as a hip hop sample, most notably by J Dilla on the track "Stop" on the last album he finished, "Donuts", and Just Blaze, who sampled Warwick's vocals from the song for Usher's 2004 single, "Throwback", off the multi-platinum album, "Confessions". Context_2 : Dean Tuftin (born November 28, 1970 Drayton Valley, Alberta) is a Canadian country music singer. His debut album was released in 2003, producing the singles "Talk Is Cheap," "I'm Not So Little Anymore," "You Can't" and "In Her Eyes." His 2004 single "Wide Open Highway" reached the Top 10 on the "Radio & Records" Canadian country singles chart and was nominated for Independent Song of the Year at the 2005 Canadian Country Music Association awards, but a second album was never released. Context_3 : Kevin Fowler (born in Amarillo, Texas) is an American singer-songwriter. He has released five studio albums, and has charted four singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts, including the top 40 hit "Pound Sign (#?*!)". In addition, he wrote Sammy Kershaw's 2003 single "Beer, Bait & Ammo", Mark Chesnutt's 2004 single "The Lord Loves the Drinkin' Man" and Montgomery Gentry's 2009 single "Long Line of Losers". Context_4 : "B.Y.O.B." ("Bring Your Own Bombs") is a song by Armenian-American alternative metal band System of a Down. It was released in March 2005 as the lead single from their fourth album "Mezmerize". Like their earlier song "Boom!", it was written in protest against the Iraq War. The song reached number 27 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, the band's highest peak to date on the chart. Context_5 : "Hero" is a 2004 single released by the Swedish heavy metal band Europe. It was released on September 20, 2004, as the second single from the band's album "Start from the Dark". The song was written by vocalist Joey Tempest as a tribute to Phil Lynott, the frontman of the Irish hard rock band Thin Lizzy, and was inspired by a meeting between Tempest and Lynott. Context_6 : "Boom, Like That" is a 2004 single by Mark Knopfler, from his album "Shangri-La". It is with "Darling Pretty" one of only two Mark Knopfler solo singles to reach the UK Top 40, hitting no. 34. Context_7 : Justuss is Canadian reggae musician Snow's third album. Like his second album Murder Love, Justuss is primarily a reggae album performed in Jamaican Patois and featured fellow reggae stars such as Yami Bolo, Nadine Sutherland, Buju Banton, Beenie Man, and Terror Fabulous. Because of his criminal record, Snow was unable to obtain a visa to promote "Justuss" in the United States. Despite being banned from Japan as well in 1996, the single "Boom Boom Boogie" reached number 29 in Japan. Context_8 : "Gone" is a 2004 single by TobyMac from his album "Welcome to Diverse City". It stayed at number 1 on "R&R" magazine's Christian CHR chart for 10 weeks. A remix is found on McKeehan's album "Renovating Diverse City". The song is also featured in "WOW Hits 2005". Context_9 : "Toxic" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her fourth studio album "In the Zone" (2003). It was written and produced by Christian Karlsson and Pontus Winnberg (known collectively as Bloodshy & Avant), with additional writing from Cathy Dennis and Henrik Jonback. The song released on January 13, 2004, by Jive Records, as the second single from "In the Zone". The song was originally offered to Kylie Minogue for her ninth studio album "Body Language" (2003), but she rejected it. After trying to choose between "(I Got That) Boom Boom" and "Outrageous" to be the second single from "In the Zone", Spears selected "Toxic" instead. A dance song with elements of bhangra music, "Toxic" features varied instrumentation, such as drums, synthesizers and surf guitar. It is accompanied by high-pitched Bollywood strings, sampled from Lata Mangeshkar and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam's "Tere Mere Beech Mein" (1981), and breathy vocals. Its lyrics draw an extended metaphor of a lover as a dangerous yet addictive drug. The song has received acclaim from music critics, deeming it the strongest track of "In the Zone", and praised its hook and chorus. "Toxic" won Spears her first and only Grammy Award at the 2005 ceremony in the category of Best Dance Recording. Context_10 : Mark Freuder Knopfler, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 12 August 1949) is a British singer-songwriter, guitarist, record producer and film score composer. He was born in Glasgow but raised near Newcastle upon Tyne, England. He is best known for having been the lead guitarist, lead singer and songwriter for the rock band Dire Straits, which he co-founded with his younger brother, David Knopfler, in 1977. fact_1 : "Boom, Like That" is a 2004 single by Mark Knopfler, from his album "Shangri-La". fact_2 : He was born in Glasgow but raised near Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Answer: Glasgow

SOLUTION: The 2004 single Boom, Like That was written by a man who was born in what city?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : A commencement speech or commencement address is a speech given to graduating students, generally at a university, generally in the United States, although the term is also used for secondary education institutions. The "commencement" is a ceremony in which degrees or diplomas are conferred upon graduating students. A commencement speech is typically given by a notable figure in the community, during the "commencement exercise". The person giving such a speech is known as a commencement speaker. Very commonly, colleges or universities will invite politicians, important citizens, or other noted speakers to come and address the graduating class. Context_2 : The Jeremiah Wright controversy gained national attention in the United States, in March 2008 when ABC News, after reviewing dozens of U.S. Presidential candidate Barack Obama's pastor Jeremiah Wright's sermons, excerpted parts which were subject to intense media scrutiny. Wright is a retired senior pastor of Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago and former pastor of President Obama. Obama denounced the statements in question, but critics continued to press the issue of his relationship with Wright. In response to this, he gave a speech titled "A More Perfect Union", in which he sought to place Wright's comments in a historical and sociological context. In the speech, Obama again denounced Wright's remarks, but did not disown him as a person. The controversy began to fade, but was renewed in late April when Wright made a series of media appearances, including an interview on "Bill Moyers Journal", a speech at the NAACP, and a speech at the National Press Club. After the last of these, Obama spoke more forcefully against his former pastor, saying that he was "outraged" and "saddened" by his behavior, and in May he resigned his membership in the church. Context_3 : Wallace John Challens, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (14 May 1915 1 March 2002) was a British scientist and civil servant. A graduate of University College, Nottingham, he began working at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich in 1936. In 1939, he was transferred to the rocket department. After the defeat of Germany, he was sent to the United States as part of the British Scientific Mission to work on the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1947, he was recruited by William Penney for the British atomic bomb project. He led the team that developed the firing circuits for the bomb used in Operation "Hurricane", the first British nuclear test. He later developed a neutron generator. He took part in most of the British nuclear tests at Maralinga, and was the scientific director of the Operation "Grapple" tests in 1957. He subsequently became the AWRE's Assistant Director in 1965, Deputy Director in 1972, and Director from 1976 until his retirement in 1978. Context_4 : Operation Grapple was the codeword used to cover UK defence operations in support of the UN peacekeeping missions in the former Yugoslavia (authorised by UNSCR 776 of September 1992); including the deployment of British forces in Bosnia and Croatia from October 1992 until December 1995 as part of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). UNPROFOR would eventually hand over the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia to NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR) in winter 1995. The British participation in the IFOR was called Operation Resolute; the whole NATO mission was called Operation Joint Endeavour. The IFOR mission would last approximately a year, before it transitioned to the follow-on Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR). Context_5 : United States v. New Wrinkle, Inc., 342 U.S. 371 (1952), is a 1952 Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that a claim of conspiracy to fix uniform minimum prices and to eliminate competition throughout substantially all of the wrinkle finish industry of the United States by means of patent license agreements was, if proved, a violation of 1 of the Sherman Act. That one of the defendants, a patent-holding company, abstained from manufacturing activities, did not ship goods in commerce, and engaged solely in patent licensing did not insulate its activity from 1. Making these license contracts for the purpose of regulating distribution and fixing prices of commodities in interstate commerce is subject to the Sherman Act, even though the isolated act of contracting for the licenses occurs within a single state. Patents give no protection from the prohibitions of the Sherman Act when the patent licensing agreements are used to restrain interstate commerce and fix prices of goods shipped in commerce. Context_6 : Midway Stock Farm Barn is a historic building located north of Keosauqua, Iowa, United States. The barn was built by William A. Barker around 1880. It gained historical significance when his son Webb installed equipment made by the Louden Machinery Company of Fairfield, Iowa. By doing so he converted the facility from one that raised livestock to a dairy operation. Around 1918 Barker built an addition onto the south side of the barn and installed a litter carrier with tracks and switches on the ground floor, a hay carrier with a steel track and grapple hook hay fork also on the main floor, and a metal aerator on the roof. It is one of few local operations that still has the Louden equipment. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Context_7 : "Imminent lawless action" is a standard currently used that was established by the United States Supreme Court in "Brandenburg v. Ohio" (1969), for defining the limits of freedom of speech. "Brandenburg" clarified what constituted a "clear and present danger", the standard established by "Schenck v. United States" (1919), and overruled "Whitney v. California" (1927), which had held that speech that merely advocated violence could be made illegal. Under the imminent lawless action test, speech is not protected by the First Amendment if the speaker intends to incite a violation of the law that is both imminent and likely. While the precise meaning of "imminent" may be ambiguous in some cases, the court provided later clarification in "Hess v. Indiana" (1973). In this case, the court found that Hess's words did not fall outside the limits of protected speech, in part, because his speech "amounted to nothing more than advocacy of illegal action at some indefinite future time," and therefore did not meet the imminence requirement. Context_8 : Operation Grapple was the name of four series of British nuclear weapons tests of early atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs carried out in 1957 and 1958 at Malden Island and Christmas Island in the Pacific Ocean as part of the British hydrogen bomb programme. Nine nuclear explosions were initiated, culminating in the United Kingdom becoming the third recognised possessor of thermonuclear weapons, and the restoration of the nuclear Special Relationship with the United States with the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement. Context_9 : USS "Grapple" (ARS-53) is a "Safeguard"-class salvage ship in the United States Navy. Her home port is Norfolk, Virginia. On 13 July 2006 "Grapple" was decommissioned from US Navy service and converted to civilian operation by Military Sealift Command. She was redesignated as USNS "Grapple" (T-ARS 53). Context_10 : The Special Relationship is an unofficial term for the political, diplomatic, cultural, economic, military, and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States, which has been used to different degrees in different times in history. It was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill. Although both the UK and US have close relationships with many other nations, the level of cooperation between them in economic activity, trade and commerce, military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing has been described as "unparalleled" among major powers. The existence of a "special relationship" has sometimes been described as a myth. US president Barack Obama considered Germany to be his "closest international partner" and said the UK would be at the "back of the queue" in any trade deal with the US if it left the European Union. fact_1 : Nine nuclear explosions were initiated, culminating in the United Kingdom becoming the third recognised possessor of thermonuclear weapons, and the restoration of the nuclear Special Relationship with the United States with the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement. fact_2 : It was used in a 1946 speech by Winston Churchill. Answer: Winston Churchill

SOLUTION: Operation Grapple helped fix something with the United States, which was used by which notable person in a speech?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The BMW B57 engine is a straight-six cylinder turbodiesel engine produced by the automobile manufacturer BMW. Together with the B37 (three-cylinder diesel engine), the B47 (inline-4 cylinder diesel engine), and the three inline-4 and inline-6 petrol engines (B38 (three-cylinder), B48 (four-cylinder) and B58 (six-cylinder)), the B57 is one of the latest (as of 2017) modular engines from BMW. The modular motors are used in BMW models as well as in MINI models. The B57 replaced the N57 diesel engine family in the new 5-series and 7-series. This new engine is available in configurations with up to 4 turbochargers that operate in a double-series layout. Output is up to 400 horsepower and 569 lb-ft of torque. Context_2 : The Detroit Diesel Series 51 was a two-stroke diesel engine built by General Motors, Detroit Diesel Division from 1951 to 1959. Unlike other GM/Detroit Diesel engines, the 51 series designation did not refer to the cylinder displacement, but rather to the year it was introduced. Two versions were produced, an inline two-cylinder (2-51, 108 cid ) and an inline four-cylinder model (4-51, 216 cid ). This was accomplished by using loop scavenging ports for both intake and exhaust along with a mechanical blower. This engine used a dry sleeve with 9 intake ports and three exhaust ports in that sleeve. These sleeves were located in such a way that the exhaust ports lined up with exhaust ports in the block that were physically higher than the intake ports in the block. This resulted in pressurized cool air being forced through the intake ports just after the exhaust started exiting (note that the exhaust ports in the sleeves were higher at the top than the intake ports while the bottom of all ports in the sleeve are at the same height. The net compression ratio is 18:1. Unlike a two cycle gasoline engine, the crankcase was not used to draw in the fuel/air mixture. Instead, the blower forced air in the intake ports and fuel was injected by a camshaft actuated injector which was pressurized by a gear pump. As fuel is injected just before top dead center, little unburned fuel is expelled in the exhaust, unlike a two-cycle gasoline engine. The elimination of exhaust valves reduced the complexity and weight of the engine. The power output and RPM of this engine was controlled by governing the intake air and controlling the opening of the injectors with shutdown accomplished by completely closing off the air intake. The much lower weight of this engine compared to engines with valves made it quite suitable for applications where other engines of the same horsepower were not feasible. Its uses include: Marine propulsion, generators, pumps, air compressors, road graders and other industrial uses. It was never factory installed for automotive purposes but conversion kits and engines were made available for automotive use. This engine design did not see widespread use due to not being able to reduce the exhaust noise to an acceptable level, as any exhaust restriction would have resulted in a reduction of power and efficiency. It was a very fuel efficient engine with a high power output to fuel consumption ratio. Context_3 : The knucklehead is a retronym used by enthusiasts to refer to a Harley-Davidson motorcycle engine, so named because of the distinct shape of the rocker boxes. The engine is a two-cylinder, 45 degree, pushrod actuated overhead valve V-twin engine with two valves per cylinder. It was the third basic type of V-Twin engine used by Harley-Davidson, replacing the Flathead-engined VL model in 1936 as HD's top-of-the-line model. The engine was manufactured until 1947 and was replaced by the Panhead engine in 1948. The Knucklehead-engined models were originally referred to as "OHVs" by enthusiasts of the time and in Harley's official literature; the nickname arose from the California chopper culture of the late 1960s. Context_4 : EcoDiesel is an engine used in the Ram 1500 since 2014, as well as in the Jeep Grand Cherokee. Approximately 20% of 2015 RAM 1500s are equipped with the engine, mostly ones sold in Europe. FCA uses the EcoDiesel name for two different engines. One is the VM Motori A 630 DOHC 3.0L engine used in the Grand Cherokee, and Ram. The other is a Fiat 3.0L diesel used in the Ram ProMaster. Context_5 : The River Don Engine is a 1905-built steam engine used for hot rolling steel armour plate. It is a 3-cylinder simple engine of 40 in diameter, 48 in stroke. At its operating steam pressure of 160psi, it developed 12000 hp , and was able to reverse from full speed in 2 seconds. The rapid reverse was an essential feature of an engine used for rolling, as delays would result in cooling of the workpiece. This engine was one of four built to the same design, one going overseas to the Japanese Government, one to John Brown's Atlas plant, and the destination of the final one being William Beardmore of Glasgow. It is claimed to be one of the most powerful steam engines ever built, and the most powerful remaining in Europe. Context_6 : BMW B47 is a 2.0L four-cylinder common rail diesel engine from German car manufacturer BMW. It debuted in 2014 in the BMW X3 and replaced the previous N47 engine. Together with the B37 (three-cylinder diesel engine) and the B57 (inline six-cylinder diesel engine) and the three gasoline engines: B38 (three-cylinder), B48 (four-cylinder) and B58 (six-cylinder), the B47 is part of a family of modular engines from BMW introduced in 2013/2014. Context_7 : The straight-six engine or inline-six engine (often abbreviated I6 or L6) is an internal combustion engine with the cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankcase with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft (straight engine). Context_8 : Non-road engine (which may include non-road equipment and non-road vehicle) is an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine engine used for other purposes than being an engine of a vehicle operated on public roadways. The term is commonly used by regulators to classify the engines in order to control their emission. Non-road engines are used in an extremely wide range of applications which may include machinery and engines of vehicles in other modes of transportation with different fuel types such as gasoline and diesel fuel. In many jurisdictions, the term non-road engine is assumed to refer to the engines that have mobility or portability which is separated from the term stationary engine. The definition of non-road engine may explicitly exclude certain non-road vehicles such as aircraft, locomotives, and ocean-going marine vessels. In Europe, the regulations are specifically clarified on the mobility by using the term non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). In Australia, the definition includes some stationary engines such as electric generators and pumps. Context_9 : The Honda Rafaga series CE4 and CE5 was a compact 4-door sedan sold only in Japan by Honda, introduced in January 1993, and used the same 5-cylinder engine that was used in the Honda Inspire and the Honda Vigor and shared a platform with the second generation CE series Honda Ascot. "Rafaga" is Spanish for "gust" or "blustery". The engine is installed longitudinally, the same configuration used in the Vigor and Inspire. The Rafaga was third in Hondas hierarchy of sedans, and a sister car to the Ascot, which was sold at the "Honda Primo" dealership network. The Rafaga was sold in Japan at "Honda Verno" dealerships, and was one level up from the Honda Integra. As with other Honda products, the Rafaga used double wishbone suspension at the front and rear wheels. The "2.5 S" trim level came with a front suspension upper strut brace in the engine compartment. In Japan, the smaller G20A engine used regular grade fuel, while the larger G25A engine used premium grade fuel. Context_10 : The HG-3 was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine which was designed for use on the upper stages of Saturn rockets in the post-Apollo era. Designed in the United States by Rocketdyne, the HG-3 was to have burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants, with each engine producing 1400.7 kN of thrust during flight. The engine was designed to produce a specific impulse ("I") of 451 seconds in a vacuum, or 280 seconds at sea level. Developed from Rocketdyne's J-2 engine used on the S-II and S-IVB stages, the engine was intended to replace the J-2 on the upgraded S-II-2 and S-IVB-2 stages intended for use on the Saturn MLV, Saturn IB-B and Saturn V/4-260 rockets, with a sea-level optimised version, the HG-3-SL, intended for use on the Saturn INT-17. The engine was cancelled, however, during the post-Apollo drawdown when development of the more advanced Saturn rockets ceased, and never flew, although the engine was later used as the basis for the design of the RS-25 Space Shuttle main engine. fact_1 : The BMW B57 engine is a straight-six cylinder turbodiesel engine produced by the automobile manufacturer BMW. fact_2 : The straight-six engine or inline-six engine (often abbreviated I6 or L6) is an internal combustion engine with the cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankcase with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft (straight engine). Answer: I6 or L6

SOLUTION:
What is the abbreviation of the engine used by the BWW B57?