Problem: Article: The topline is the spinal column from the neck to the tailhead of an animal. Most of the topline is taken from the last two thirds of the animal, from the middle of the shoulders to the rump. The top line must be straight, with no spinal protrusions or bumps along it. Roach-backed bulls are strongly selected against because this impedes a bull's ability to breed properly and to travel long distances without creating some sort of leg or spinal injury sometime in the future. It's not so bad in cows, but it can make them cull themselves in a matter of time. Sway-backed cattle are also selected against, as this can also hamper movement and ability to properly displace weight on the feet. Sway backs are typically attributed to backs that are too long in length, and results in weakness in structural support of the vertebrae, and also causes irregular-shaped loin muscles. Good loin muscle is correlated to high fertility, and bad or weak loin muscle is a sign of poor fertility. Good shoulder width in either cows or bulls indicates good capacity in the ribcage, where the heart and lungs are located. In bulls. Generally, the wider the shoulders in bulls, the better. A bull should have shoulders that are 2 inches (5cm) or more wider than his rump. Wide shoulders indicate masculinity in bulls and is the highest indicator of reproductive efficiency. He is also able to sire sons, when mated to proper phenotypical (feminine) cows, that make great herd sires. His daughters will reach puberty early, breed back and wean a heavy calf. Wide shoulders usually means a larger scrotum, since masculinity in a bull is in the wide, deep shoulders and short neck with a rump similar in width to the front. Yearling bulls with good shoulder widths correlates with uniform gestation periods, birth weights, better calving ease and more uniform weaning weights. In cows. Shoulder width should not exceed the width of the rump by more than +/- half an inch (1.27cm). Too deep and wide a shoulder leads to reduced femininity and lack of good milk production. Too narrow or shallow, and the cow is a higher maintenance and even poses reproductive issues and increased risk of genital defects in herself and her daughters and sons. Shoulders in cattle should be of even length, and not go over the topline (which is typically called "coarse-shouldered"). Shoulders should also not be open nor extremely heavy (where they can exceed rump width by over 2 inches/5cm), as they are often indicators of calving difficulties. The heart girth is the area from behind the shoulders down to behind the elbows. Good depth of heart girth in cattle is a sign of good forage convertibility and good feet and leg conformation. The heart girth is where the organs (heart, lungs, etc.) sit, enabling the animal to do and live as it does. The circumference of the heart girth should be equal to or greater than the top line. The closer in measurement the heart girth is in the animal, the more adaptable, vigorous and efficient the animal will be. Smaller heart girths are undesirable, because they can allow bad conformation in the front feet (feet toe out, for instance), they cannot do well in grass alone, and are an overall high maintenance animal.
Summary: The Topline. Shoulders. The Heart-girth.

Problem: Article: Be very honest with your team at all times. Never pretend to know or understand something that you don't know or understand. Should any employee or teammate of yours have a deficiency in any area, you would not want them to pretend that it didn't exist, and it should be the same with you. You should embody the honesty that you want your team to embody to you. For example, if you are unsure about how to make some of the changes that need to be made, tell them. Perhaps they know something about the office that you don't know and can provide concrete and useable feedback. Being passionate about your work can provide an example for others to follow. People won't be able to believe in you until you fully believe in yourself. Employees, coworkers and peers are much more likely to go along with what you tell them to do if you're actually genuinely invested in it. The more passionate you are about your work, the more likely people are to be inspired by your actions. Your team will not work hard for you if they feel that you don't care about the job. Show them your genuine interest. Take some time to learn even more about the work you do or the people that you serve. This increase in knowledge will signal that you care and will encourage your staff to learn more. Keep in mind that you are the leader and primary role model for your team, so they look to you for guidance, support, and empowerment. To be an effective role model, commit to your own personal and leadership growth, such as by attending leadership conferences, reading leadership books, and identifying admirable traits in your role models. Strive to be an ethical, supportive, and conscious leader. Remember to believe in yourself and others. Believe in your team's abilities to help empower them. Provide your team with helpful resources and advice. After you give advice, guidance, and support, be sure to step back and let them make their own decisions. Ensuring people know that you care about them is a great way to inspire them. They'll be much happier to invest their trust and time in you if you show genuine interest in what they do and how they feel. Just taking a small part of your day out to talk and listen to other people can help maintain a positive atmosphere. Whilst identifying and acting upon your strongest points are great ways to get people stimulated, it's also important to remind everyone that you also have your own set of weaknesses. Showing people how you overcome and deal with these weaknesses is a great way to connect with them professionally and emotionally and to help them develop as people or professionals. People will find it easier to relate to your vulnerability as this will help them understand that everyone must overcome their own challenges. If someone on your staff should do something exceedingly well or should go above and beyond the call of duty, they should be recognized for that. People respond well to being praised when they do a good job and will tend to work hard for you if they feel recognized. This is also a great way to incentivize your other staff to take initiative.
Summary:
Be honest. Care about what you do. Encourage others to share their thoughts. Recognize your weaknesses. Give recognition.