Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances.

During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution.

1. What concept influenced the US form of government?
2. What did he write?
3. What was the concept that he recommended?
4. How many separate powers did he recommend?
5. What are the three powers in the US government?
6. What is hoped to be gained by keeping them separate?
7. What kind of a system will accomplish that?
8. Who agreed with such systems?
9. How do we know that?
10. Was there any opposition?
11. Who might that be?
12. Montesquieu influenced who?
13. And what are we talking about?
14. The three branches are found where?
15. When did John Locke live?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. writings of Montesquieu
2. The Spirit of the Law
3. Separation of powers
4. three
5. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
6. prevent abuse of power
7. system of checks and balances
8. philosophers such as John Locke
9. advocated the principle in their writings
10. yes
11. Thomas Hobbes strongly opposed it
12. the framers of the United States Constitution.
13. Separation of powers
14. United States Constitution
15. During the Age of Enlightenment

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Chapter 17: The North Coach.

Barnet was then, as now, a somewhat straggling place. Soon after entering it, the horseman turned off from the main road. His pursuers were but fifty yards behind him, and they kept him in sight until, after proceeding a quarter of a mile, he stopped at a small tavern, where he dismounted, and a boy took his horse and led it round by the side of the house.

"Run to earth!" Harry said exultantly. "He is not likely to move from there tonight."

"At any rate, he is safe for a couple of hours," Charlie said. "So we will go to our inn, and have a good meal. By that time it will be quite dark, and we will have a look at the place he has gone into; and if we can't learn anything, we must watch it by turns till midnight. We will arrange, at the inn, to hire a horse. One will be enough. He only caught a glimpse of us at that inn, and certainly would not recognize one of us, if he saw him alone. The other can walk."

"But which way, Charlie? He may go back again." "It is hardly likely he came here merely for the pleasure of stopping the night at that little tavern. I have no doubt he is bound for London. You shall take the horse, Harry, and watch until he starts, and then follow him, just managing to come up close to him as he gets into town. I will start early, and wait at the beginning of the houses, and it is hard if one or other of us does not manage to find out where he hides."

1. Who said to run?
2. Who was he talking to?
3. Where did the second man say they would go?
4. And do what?
5. Who were they following?
6. How far were they away from him?
7. Where did he halt?
8. What happened to his steed?
9. What did he do with it?
10. What did Charlie suggest they had to do?
11. Until what time?
12. Would they both do that at once?
13. Would they both ride?
14. Where did Harry think the man was headed?
15. Who did he think should ride?
16. What did he want him to do?
17. And then what?
18. In the meantime, where would he be waiting?
19. What was the name of the location this happened?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Harry
2. Charlie
3. to their inn
4. have a good meal
5. the horseman
6. fifty yards
7. a small tavern,
8. a boy took his horse
9. led it round by the side of the house.
10. have a look at the place he has gone into;
11. midnight
12. hire a horse.
13. no
14. London
15. Harry,
16. watch until he starts
17. follow him,
18. at the beginning of the houses,
19. Barnet

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.

In 1968, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, though they were often derided by critics. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motorhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as "metalheads" or "headbangers".

During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Motley Crue and Poison. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal (with bands such as Pantera, Sepultura, and Lamb of God) and nu metal (with bands such as Korn, Slipknot, and Linkin Park), the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.

1. When did heavy metal develop?
2. Is it sometimes just called metal?
3. Where did it originate?
4. What are the lyrics associated with?
5. anything else?
6. In 1968, what was a popular band?
7. Who else?
8. And who else?
9. Did they perform for small groups?
10. What did Judas Priest move away from, which genre?
11. What did Motorhead add?
12. Did it change the tempo, too?
13. At the end of the 70's what were the fans called?
14. or?
15. Which group became popular in the 80s?
16. and?
17. Who is a thrash metal band?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. in the late 1960s and early 1970s,
2. yes
3. in the United Kingdom.
4. aggression
5. and machismo
6. Led Zeppelin
7. Black Sabbath
8. Deep Purple
9. No
10. its blues influence;
11. punk rock sensibility
12. yes
13. metalheads
14. headbangers
15. Motley Crue
16. Poison
17. Metallica,