Question: Q: Just as salty taste involves perception of sodium ions in saliva, what taste correlates with presence of glucose? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Salty taste is simply the perception of sodium ions (Na+) in the saliva. When you eat something salty, the salt crystals dissociate into the component ions Na+ and Cl, which dissolve into the saliva in your mouth. The Na+ concentration becomes high outside the gustatory cells, creating a strong concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of the ion into the cells. The entry of Na+ into these cells results in the depolarization of the cell membrane and the generation of a receptor potential. Sour taste is the perception of H+ concentration. Just as with sodium ions in salty flavors, these hydrogen ions enter the cell and trigger depolarization. Sour flavors are, essentially, the perception of acids in our food. Increasing hydrogen ion concentrations in the saliva (lowering saliva pH) triggers progressively stronger graded potentials in the gustatory cells. For example, orange juicewhich contains citric acidwill taste sour because it has a pH value of approximately 3. Of course, it is often sweetened so that the sour taste is masked. The first two tastes (salty and sour) are triggered by the cations Na+ and H+. The other tastes result from food molecules binding to a G proteincoupled receptor. A G protein signal transduction system ultimately leads to depolarization of the gustatory cell. The sweet taste is the sensitivity of gustatory cells to the presence of glucose dissolved in the saliva. Other monosaccharides such as fructose, or artificial sweeteners such as aspartame (NutraSweet™️), saccharine, or sucralose (Splenda™️) also activate the sweet receptors. The affinity for each of these molecules varies, and some will taste sweeter than glucose because they bind to the G proteincoupled receptor differently. Bitter taste is similar to sweet in that food molecules bind to G proteincoupled receptors. However, there are a number of different ways in which this can happen because there are a large diversity of bitter-tasting molecules. Some bitter molecules depolarize gustatory cells, whereas others... Choices: - salty - bitter - sour - sweet A:
Answer: sweet

Question: Q: What is the term for the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun. Chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts. Choices: - carbonate - ammonia - verdye - chlorophyll A:
Answer: chlorophyll

Question: Q: Where does the process of digestion start? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Digestion starts in the mouth. When food is swallowed, it travels through the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach, digestion continues and a small amount of absorption of nutrients takes place. Choices: - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - mouth A:
Answer:
mouth