In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: The present study was designed to investigate whether H2S can protect testicular germ cells against heat exposure induced injury and the underlying mechanisms.', 'It was found that all three H2S generating enzymes, cystathionine -synthase (CBS), cystathionine -lysase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3 MST), were expressed in mouse testicular tissue. Three episodes of heat exposure (42 C, 30 min/day, 3 days) significantly decreased endogenous H2S production and down-regulated the expression of CBS and CSE in testes. In primary cultured testicular germ cells, exogenous application of NaHS (an H2S donor) attenuated heat stress (42 C, 30 min) induced cell death and apoptosis. This was mediated by the inhibitory effects of H2S on cytochrome C release and the ratio of the Bax/Bcl-2. NaHS also improved mitochondrial function by decreasing oxygen consumption and increasing ATP production. NaHS treatment also stimulated SOD activity and reduced ROS production.\Question: Does hydrogen sulfide protect testicular germ cells against heat-induced injury?
Our results revealed both physiological and pharmacological roles of H2S in testicular germ cells. Exogenous application of H2S may protect germ cells by preservation of mitochondrial function and stimulation of anti-oxidant activity.

Context: To determine the role of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation in the pathogenesis of unexplained second and third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss.', 'One hundred and fourteen women with unexplained nonrecurrent late fetal loss made up the study group, and 106 normal pregnant women with a history of delivery of at least one healthy fetus and no history of late fetal loss made up the control group. The study group was further divided into two subgroups: second (n = 36) and third (n = 78) trimester fetal loss. All women were tested for factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin gene mutations.', 'Twenty-one (18.4%) of the women in the study group and seven (6.6%) of the women in the control group were heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden mutation (OR = 3.19). Eleven (9.6%) of the women in the study group and three (2.8%) of the women in the control group were heterozygous carriers of prothrombin gene mutation (OR = 3.66). In assessing with regard to trimesters, 18 (23%) factor V Leiden and 10 (12.8%) prothrombin gene mutations were present in the group of third trimester fetal loss (OR = 4.24 and OR = 5.04, respectively). Three (8.3%) factor V Leiden and one (2.7%) prothrombin gene mutation were detected in women with second trimester fetal loss (OR = 1.28 and OR = 0.40, respectively).\Question: Is third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss associated with factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations?
Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations were associated with third trimester nonrecurrent fetal loss. These mutations should be screened in women with third trimester but not second trimester unexplained nonrecurrent late fetal loss.

Context: CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein widely distributed in the extracellular matrix. CD44 isoforms arising from alternative mRNA splicing are implicated in tumor metastases. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CD44s and two splice variants, CD44-9v and CD44-10v, in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva as well as its correlation with lymph node (LN) metastases and disease-free survival.', 'Thirty-five SCC vulvar tumors were evaluated for CD44s, CD44-9v, and CD44-10v expression by immunocytochemistry. One nonmetastatic LN was studied also. In cases with LN metastases, the metastatic LN as well as a nonmetastatic LN from the same patient were evaluated.', 'CD44s and CD44-9v were expressed in all epithelia--normal, dysplastic, and SCC. However, intensity and distribution of expression of 9v isoforms changed within the tissue containing invasive cancer. CD44-9v expression was downregulated in the most differentiated cells within the carcinoma, mainly in patients who had disease recurrence or eventually died of disease (P = .031). All metastatic tumor to LNs was immunoreactive also for CD44-9v. CD44-10v expression was present in 78% of tumors and 56% of normal epithelium. Interestingly, CD44-10v membrane expression, but not cytoplasmic expression, correlated with disease recurrence (P = .035).\Question: Are cD44-9v and CD44-10v potential molecular markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva?
Our findings warrant larger multi-institutional studies to determine the potential of CD44-9v and CD44-10v as molecular markers of disease recurrence in vulvar carcinoma. We propose to test the use of anti-CD44-9v monoclonal antibody for radioimmunoimaging of occult LN metastases.