Q: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: An area that is ruled by a monarch, is often referred to as a what? Context: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (9565 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.
A: kingdom
Question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What was the motive behind Coehlo's decisions? Context: Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.
Answer: solve the financial crisis
[Q]: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: When can an in pectore appointment be revealed? Context: If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the cardinalate expires.
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[A]: at any time
input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Why might I question Tito's ethics? Context: Tito has also been named as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nationalities.
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output: systematic eradication of the ethnic German
Please answer this: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: When did the 5th Dalai Lama cease to exist? Context: Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tumen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khanthe 4th Dalai Lama (15891616)was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (16171682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet.
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Answer: 1682
Question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What coloring is on a countershaded dogs stomach? Context: Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.
Answer:
light