Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Associations between multidrug resistance and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype have been described mainly in populations with poor tuberculosis (TB) control such as prisons and inner cities, and may reflect shared risk factors rather than a biological association.', 'To study the association between genotype and drug resistance among TB patients in a population with adequate TB control.', 'Three rural districts in Vietnam. The study was performed at the Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, and the Tien Giang Provincial Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, My Tho, Vietnam.', 'Pretreatment sputum specimens were collected for culture, drug susceptibility testing and spoligotyping of all sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients consecutively diagnosed over a 3-year period.', 'Beijing genotype infections were observed in 614 of 1744 (35%) patients. Beijing strains were more common among female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4, P = 0.005), young (aOR 2.8, P < 0.001) and previously treated patients (aOR 2.4, P < 0.001). The Beijing genotype was associated with any resistance (aOR 3.7, P < 0.001) and multidrug resistance (aOR 6.8, P < 0.001) among new patients, and with any resistance (aOR 2.7, P = 0.005) but not with multidrug resistance (aOR 1.4, P = 0.545) among previously treated patients.
[EX A]: Is the Beijing genotype associated with young age and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in rural Vietnam?

[EX Q]: Enhanced activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in cardiovascular tissues increases oxidative stress, maladaptive immune responses, and inflammation with associated functional vascular abnormalities. We previously demonstrated that consumption of a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks results in aortic stiffening, and that these abnormalities were prevented by systemic MR blockade in female mice. However, the cell-specific role of endothelial cell MR (ECMR) in these maladaptive vascular effects has not been explored.', 'We hypothesized that specific deletion of the ECMR would prevent WD-induced increases in endothelial sodium channel activation, reductions in bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular remodeling, and associated increases in vascular stiffness in females.', 'Four-week-old female ECMR knockout and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD for 16 weeks. WD feeding resulted in aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction as determined in vivo by pulse wave velocity and ex vivo by atomic force microscopy, and wire and pressure myography. The WD-induced aortic stiffness was associated with enhanced endothelial sodium channel activation, attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, increased oxidative stress, a proinflammatory immune response and fibrosis. Conversely, cell-specific ECMR deficiency prevented WD-induced aortic fibrosis and stiffness in conjunction with reductions in endothelial sodium channel activation, oxidative stress and macrophage proinflammatory polarization, restoration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation.
[EX A]: Does endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor mediate Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness in Females?

[EX Q]: High-resolution ultrasound and sestamibi scanning are regarded as the first-line methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. The utility of ultrasound in reoperative cases has been questioned because of concern that scarring will obscure normal tissue planes and vascularity that are critical to identification of an adenoma using this imaging modality. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the ability of high-resolution ultrasound to accurately localize parathyroid adenomas in the reoperative exploration and to identify any factors that influence its accuracy', 'Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care academic medical center.', 'All patients seen in referral for parathyroid surgery between May 1994 and September 2002 underwent high-resolution ultrasound as their initial diagnostic test. Patients who subsequently underwent exploration were included in the study. Intraoperative and ultrasound findings were compared.', 'One hundred forty-two patients were included, 116 without and 26 with prior exploration. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasound were 86.9% and 89.1%, respectively. These data were not significantly different in patients without (88.2% and 90%) and in patients with (80% and 84.2%) prior thyroid or parathyroid surgery. The overall accuracy was 79% with a false-negative rate of 11.3%. Thyroid nodularity was significantly more common (81.8%) in patients who had a false-positive or false-negative finding on ultrasound than in the total population (61.3%).
[EX A]:
Is preoperative ultrasound worthwhile for reoperative parathyroid surgery?