input: OPTIONS:
- Choloza
- Germinal Disc
- Albumen
- zona pellucida Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Early Embryonic Development Fertilization is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote (Figure 18.8). To ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. In mammals, a layer called the zona pellucida protects the egg. At the tip of the head of a sperm cell is a structure like a lysosome called the acrosome, which contains enzymes. When a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of events, called the acrosomal reactions, take place. These reactions, involving enzymes from the acrosome, allow the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane and permit the sperm nucleus to transfer into the ovum. The nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus or genome. Q: In mammals, what layer protects the egg? A:
A:
output: zona pellucida

Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER REVIEW 25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine The kidney glomerulus filters blood mainly based on particle size to produce a filtrate lacking cells or large proteins. Most of the ions and molecules in the filtrate are needed by the body and must be reabsorbed farther down the nephron tubules, resulting in the formation of urine. Urine characteristics change depending on water intake, exercise, environmental temperature, and nutrient intake. Urinalysis analyzes characteristics of the urine and is used to diagnose diseases. A minimum of 400 to 500 mL urine must be produced daily to rid the body of wastes. Excessive quantities of urine may indicate diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus. The pH range of urine is 4.5 to 8.0, and is affected by diet. Osmolarity ranges from 50 to 1200 milliosmoles, and is a reflection of the amount of water being recovered or lost by renal nephrons. Q: The kidney glomerulus filters blood mainly based on particle size to produce a filtrate lacking cells or large what? A:

OPTIONS:
- lipids
- carbohydrates
- steroids
- proteins

Answer: proteins

Problem: OPTIONS:
- metabolism
- erosion
- destruction
- corrosion
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The driving force to combine with nonmetals to create ionic compounds varies quite a bit between different metals. Some pure metals, like cesium and potassium, are so eager to react that they must be stored under oil to avoid an immediate reaction with the oxygen present in air. Others, like platinum and gold, are stable enough that they can be found in nature as pure metals rather than as the cationic portion of an ionic compound. Gradual degradation of a material due to its exposure to the environment is known as corrosion . Metals like gold and platinum are unusually resistant to corrosion, which makes them especially valuable for both structural and decorative purposes. Q: Gradual degradation of a material due to its exposure to the environment is known as what? A:
Answer: corrosion

Problem:OPTIONS:
- digestion
- diffusion
- depletion
- excretion

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Excretion is any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body. Excretion is the job of the excretory system. Organs of excretion include the large intestine, liver, skin, lungs, and kidneys. Q: What do you call any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body? A:
****
A: excretion

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Patrick J. Lynch, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The pituitary gland helps regulate the production of urine . CC BY 2.0. Q: What helps regulate the production of urine? A:
OPTIONS:
- the temporal gland
- the discrete gland
- the fetal gland
- the pituitary gland
the pituitary gland

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The eardrum is like the head of a drum. It is a thin membrane stretched tight across the end of the ear canal. The eardrum vibrates when sound waves strike it, and it sends the vibrations on to the middle ear. Q: What hits the eardrum and causes it to vibrate? A:
OPTIONS:
- cilia
- decibels
- microwaves
- sound waves

Answer:
sound waves