Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Take several months to prepare your research proposal. Prewrite during Phase Ia. Perform early administrative tasks in Phase Ib. Focus your writing and administration in Phase II. Edit and submit your proposal during Phase II.

Answer: A good research proposal can take up to six months to complete. Do not wait until several days before the due date to begin. This stage should be performed with 14 to 26 weeks remaining until the deadline. At 26 weeks, review administrative requirements for the foundations and organizations you plan to submit your proposal to. Double-check due dates and submission requirements. At 23 to 25 weeks, create a one to two page preliminary statement defining your proposed research. If working with an adviser or colleagues, present this short version of your proposal at 23 weeks. Use any feedback you receive to further focus your research in week 22. Research the context, history, and background of your research problem at 21 weeks. At 19 weeks, write a two to three page document exploring questions and possible methodological approaches. Contact experts in the field at 17 weeks to learn about the feasibility and relevance of each potential methodological approach. Continue your research during week 16 and refine your research question by week 14. This portion of your preparation should be completed 13 to 20 weeks before the deadline. At 20 weeks, identify and contact any relevant sources of information, including experts, archives, and organizations. Begin researching your budget needs by 18 weeks and your protocol process by 14 weeks. Request any necessary transcripts by 13 weeks. This portion should be completed between the 8 and 13 week marks prior to your deadline. Create a single 5-page document containing your research question, framework, and proposed research design by week 13. Gather any additional data needed to complete a draft during week 12. Reconnect with collaborators and organizations. Determine which will be most helpful. Add the remaining details needed to complete your draft. Use the above guidelines or guidelines provided by the provider of the grant provider. Complete this between weeks 10 and 12. Ask your colleagues or adviser for more feedback by the 9 week mark. Revise your draft at 8 weeks. Create a tentative budget and ask advisers for letters of recommendation. Begin this phase 5 weeks before the deadline and finish several days in advance. At 5 weeks, review specific requirements addressed by the application and revise your proposal to meet this requirements and incorporate adviser suggestions. Give yourself a break during week 4 to let things settle. Remind your adviser and other faculty about your letters of recommendation during week 3. At 2 weeks, assemble your materials, review your proposal, and finalize your proposal. Ask colleagues to help you copy-edit 10 days in advance. Print your final copy and collect your materials 3 to 4 days in advance. Submit your research proposal 2 to 3 days before the due date.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Come up with a funny scenario. Create a humorous character. Put an original spin on a familiar idea. Read good examples of the genre.

Answer: Start with a scenario that is funny and entertaining. Think about a funny situation in your own life. Often, a funny scenario will have a minor conflict, interesting characters, and a punchline, or major funny moment. Read news stories and talk to friends to find a humorous scenario For example, you may come up with a funny scenario based on your parent's divorce and then remarriage several years later. Or you may fictionalize a relationship gone bad in your own life and make it funny. Another way you can come up with an idea for a comedy is to build a character that is funny and witty. Use people in your life that you find funny as models for the character. Take an existing fictional character and put a humorous spin on them. The character can then be the protagonist in the comedy and add humor to every scene. For example, you may create a character based on your mother, using humorous things she has said to you in the past as the character's dialogue. Or you may take a serious historical person like Virginia Woolf and add humorous details like a funny voice to create a character. Think about ideas in comedy you have seen or read before. Then, try to put your own spin on these ideas. Turn a familiar idea into an original one using your creativity. For example, you may take the familiar idea of an awkward first dinner with the parents and have the couple dress in matching outfits to make it a bit silly. Immerse yourself in the world of comedy by reading lots of good examples of the genre, from novels to plays to short stories. You can also flip through comedy screenplays for ideas and inspiration. Some good examples include: The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde Me Talk Pretty One Day by David Sedaris Bossypants by Tina Fey

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Prepare the seeds. Stratify your seeds. Plant your seeds. Transplant your seedlings.

Answer:
Take the viable seeds and wash them thoroughly to remove any pulp or other matter. Soak them in a small amount of distilled water for up to 24 hours. Many seeds require a period of cold, moist conditions to begin the germination process. In nature, this is achieved when seeds sit in the ground over the winter. You can mimic these conditions through the process of stratification. For grape seeds, the best time to begin stratification is in December (the northern hemisphere winter). Prepare a bed for your seeds. Fill an airtight bag or other capsule with a soft medium like wet paper towels or sand, vermiculite or peat moss that has been dampened. Peat moss is the best choice for grape seeds because its anti-fungal properties will help eliminate seed-damaging mold. Tuck the seeds into the bed. Cover them with about 1/2" (1.25 cm) of growing medium. Refrigerate the seeds. The ideal temperature for stratification is a steady 35-40 F (1-3 C), so the refrigerator is a good place for this process. Keep the seeds refrigerated for two to three months. Do not allow them to freeze. In early spring, remove the seeds from the refrigerator and plant them in pots filled with good soil. Plant seeds individually in small pots, or in larger pots with at least 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) between them. Make sure your seeds stay warm enough. To properly germinate, the seeds need daytime temperatures of at least 70F (20C) and nighttime temperatures around 60F (15C). Use a greenhouse or warming mats to keep your seeds at the correct temperature. Keep the soil moist but not too wet. Mist the surface with a fine spray of water when it starts to look dry. Check for growth. Grape seeds typically take between 2-8 weeks to sprout. When your seedlings have grown to about 3" (8 cm), transplant them to 4" (10 cm) pots. For the healthiest plants, keep your seedlings indoors or in a greenhouse until they have reached a height of 12" (30 cm), have a good network of roots and have at least 5-6 leaves.