In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
the words of Mr. Chief Justice Marshall, 'is of the very essence of judicial duty."\u2019) (internal citation omitted); Columbia Falls Elem. Sch. Dist. No. 6 v. State, 326 Mont. 304, 109 P.3d 257, 260-61 (2005) (rejecting Baker v. Carr-based political question argument and concluding that, "[a]s the final guardian and protector of the right to education, it is incumbent upon the court to assure that the system enacted by the Legislature enforces, protects and fulfills the right [to education]"); Claremont Sch. Dist. v. Governor, 138 N.H. 183, 635 A.2d 1375, 1381 (1993) (concluding that constitutional right to adequate education is justiciable and that "any citizen" has standing to "enforce the State's duty" to fulfill this right); Abbott v. Burke, 149 N.J. 145, 693 A.2d 417, 428-29 (1997) (<HOLDING>); Campaign for Fiscal Equity, Inc. v. State, 86
Holding statements: (A) holding in the absence of exceptional circumstances deference should be given to trial court (B) holding that a school board policy prohibiting employees from sending their children to private schools interfered with employees constitutional right to control the education of their children (C) holding that while legislative findings are due deference that cannot foreclose a courts constitutional analysis (D) holding that a trial courts statutory interpretation is given no deference on review (E) holding that while deference should be given to legislative content and performance standards it is still the courts duty to ensure that these standards together with funding measures comport with the constitutional guarantee of a thorough and efficient education for all new jersey school children

Ex Output:
(E)

Ex Input:
waived his attorney-client privilege when his attorney failed to make timely objections to questions that it alleged sought privileged communications. This argument has no merit for two reasons. First, many of the questions Airdata asked did not seek confidential communications. Therefore, no objection was necessary to preserve the privilege. Second, Jenney's current attorney did make timely objections to those questions actually seeking confidential communications. The fact that Jenney's attorney had to interrupt him to make the objection is not sufficient to establish a waiver. Because the objections were made as soon as the confidential nature of the communication became apparent, Jenney did not waive the privilege. Cf. Gen. Motors Corp. v. McGee, 837 So.2d 1010 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002) (<HOLDING>); Abamar Hous. & Dev., Inc. v. Lisa Daly Lady
Holding statements: (A) holding that the inadvertent disclosure of a privileged document does not waive the attorneyclient privilege if attorney took all reasonable steps to avoid disclosure and asserted the privilege as soon as the disclosure became known (B) holding that where an authorized disclosure is voluntarily made to a nonfederal party whether or not that disclosure is denominated confidential the government waives any claim that the information is exempt from disclosure under the deliberative process privilege (C) holding that disclosure orders adverse to the attorneyclient privilege do not qualify for immediate appeal under the collateral order doctrine (D) holding attorneyclient privilege protects disclosure of communications but does not protect client from disclosure of underlying facts (E) holding that the disclosure is a public disclosure within the meaning of the fca if the the prior public disclosure contained enough information to enable the government to pursue an investigation against the defendant

Ex Output:
(A)

Ex Input:
pierce the corporate veil so as to reach individual stockholders" (emphases added)); see also Port Chester Electric Const. Co. v. Atlas, 40 N.Y.2d 652, 656-57, 389 N.Y.S.2d 327, 357 N.E.2d 983 (N.Y.1976) (finding that the owner of a judgment-proof corporation had fraudulently conveyed its assets to other entities that the owner controlled, but declining to pierce the corporate veil on that basis). By the same token, evidence that a controlling party executed a constructively fraudulent transfer with a deceitful or unjust purpose can justify veil-piercing, even absent a successful claim under DCL 276. See Atateks Foreign Trade Ltd. v. Private Label Sourcing, LLC, No. 07-CV-6665, 2009 WL 1803458, at *15-16, *18 (S.D.N.Y. June 23, 2009) (Baer, J.), aff'd, 402 Fed.Appx. 623 (2d Cir.2010) (<HOLDING>). E. Burdens of Proof The parties agree and
Holding statements: (A) holding that a corporations payment of commissions to one of its owners was constructively fraudulent under dcl 273 and justified piercing the corporate veil because the commissions were inappropriately transferred for the owners personal use without compensation to the corporation apparently as part of a kickback scheme devised by the owner (B) holding that the district court had personal jurisdiction over the defendant when the site of a copyright owners alleged injury is the location of the copyright owner (C) holding that individual owners lacked standing to assert the loss of a business opportunity that belonged to their firm and not to them individually noting that had the corporation declared bankruptcy it is certain that the owners would not be so quick to request that we disregard the corporate form (D) recognizing that the right of redemption is one of the most important rights provided by the states to owners of real property (E) holding that deference to the guidelines depends on the thoroughness of the commissions analysis and the validity of its reasoning

Ex Output:
(A)