instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Dentofacial deformities are dys-morpho-functional disorders involving the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Many authors have reported a TMJ improvement in dysfunctional subjects with malocclusion after orthodontic or combined orthodontic and surgical treatment particularly for the relief of pain. In particular, few studies have highlighted the demographic and clinical predictors of response to surgical treatment. To date, no genetic factor has yet been identified as a predictor of response to surgical treatment. The aim of this cohort study is therefore to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with postoperative temporomandibular disorders (TMD) or with TMJ symptoms after orthognathic surgery. Here, we found the AA genotype of SNP rs1643821 (ESR1 gene) as a risk factor for dysfunctional worsening after orthognathic surgery. In addition, we have identified TT genotype of SNP rs858339 (ENPP1 gene) as a protective factor against TMD in a population of patients with dentofacial deformities. Conversely, the heterozygous genotype AT was identified as a risk factor of TMD with respect to the rest of our population. All these elements are particularly important to bring new screening strategies and tailor future treatment.
Answer: This study allows us to identify sub-populations at high risk of developing postoperative temporomandibular disorders after orthognathic surgery procedures. Many other genes of interest could be potential factors influencing the dysfunctional response to orthognathic surgery, particularly genes of the Opera cohort.
answer:
Do eNPP1 and ESR1 genotypes influence temporomandibular disorders development and surgical treatment response in dentofacial deformities?

question:
Context: Parkinsonian signs, especially gait impairment, are common and associated with morbidity and mortality in older persons. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that substantia nigra neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to parkinsonian signs in older persons with and without dementia.', "We studied 86 deceased older Catholic clergy without idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the Religious Order Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study. Mean age at death was 85.3 years. Signs of gait disturbance, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor were assessed proximate to death using a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Forty-micrometer paraffin-embedded sections of substantia nigra were bleached before tau immunohistochemistry and the optical disector was used to count NFTs. We used multivariable linear regression to examine parkinsonian signs as a function of nigra NFTs, controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs.", 'Substantia nigra NFTs were present in 67 of 86 persons (77.9%). After controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs, nigra NFTs were related to gait impairment (p < 0.001), but not bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Results were not confounded by dementia, Braak score, neuroleptic medication, cerebral infarcts, or Lewy bodies.
Answer: NFTs in the substantia nigra are associated with gait impairment in older persons with and without dementia.
answer:
Are substantia nigra tangles related to gait impairment in older persons?

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Context: The necessity for general anesthesia represents an impediment to using a laparoscopic approach for some procedures that are otherwise performed with the patient under local anesthesia using a conventional open technique. Heating and humidifying the insufflation gas reportedly reduces perioperative pain associated with a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, thus enabling awake laparoscopy.', 'Two cases are reported herein of laparoscopy performed with the patient under local anesthesia using heated, humidified CO2 gas for the pneumoperitoneum.', 'Both patients experienced pain with insufflation of heated, humidified CO2 gas of sufficient magnitude that the procedure could not be performed. The CO2 gas was washed out and replaced with helium gas insufflation with complete resolution of pain. The laparoscopic procedures were accomplished without further discomfort with local anesthesia and using a helium gas pneumoperitoneum.
Answer: Heated, humidified CO2 gas insufflation does not reduce pain sufficiently to permit satisfactory performance of laparoscopy with local anesthesia, especially when full volume insufflation is required. Cold, dry helium gas produces no pain. The theory that cold, dry insufflation gas is a source of peritoneal pain during laparoscopy needs to be reassessed.
answer:
Is heated , humidified CO2 gas unsatisfactory for awake laparoscopy?