INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Following your surgery, you may have drainage from the wound that needs to be removed to prevent fluid, hematoma, and/or abscesses from forming. Being able to monitor the drainage also lets you watch for developing complications after your surgery. JP drains work by gentle suction which pulls out the drainage from the wound. This is done by a closed bulb system, which creates suction when the air is squeezed out of the bulb and the cap tightened. While drains promote healing and remove fluids, they should not be left in for long periods of time, as this can cause complications. A JP drain is made up of a three-part connected system made up of a catheter tubing. This tubing has a flattened part with holes in it to collect the drainage. During surgery, the drain is sewn about an inch deep into the cavity that needs drainage usually with silk suture (stitches). The rest of the tubing exits the body and connects to the bulb, which has a suction seal cap attached. This is what you'll open to empty the drainage. When you use the JP drain, you'll squeeze the suction bulb to make pressure that pulls the fluid from the wound. When you empty the JP drain, the bulb will expand since you'll have just released the plastic cap creating the closed system. Your surgeon or the medical staff will explain the important role you have in caring for your wound. Following surgery, you'll need to make sure the wound is healing as expected, monitor the drainage amount and type, watch for signs of infection, look for any dislodged JP drains or catheter tip, and care for the drainage site every eight to 12 hours (or as prescribed by your surgeon). Since the bulb needs appropriate suction to function, you'll generally have to empty it when it's half full.

SUMMARY: Recognize the importance of what Jackson-Pratt (JP) drains do. Learn how a JP drain is assembled. Prepare for your duties following surgery.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: As soon as the spill occurs, use paper towels to blot up as much oil as possible from the garment. Don't rub the fabric, which would cause the oil to spread. Before treating the stain, read the care tag on the item. If the item is dry clean only, take it to the cleaners as soon as possible. Otherwise, find out if the garment can be laundered normally or if it needs to be hand washed and laid flat or hung up to dry. Take note of the temperature requirements as well as adjust your stain-removing strategy as needed. For instance, if your item says to wash in cold water only, use cold water rather than hot in the following steps. You can use baby powder, baking soda, talcum powder, cornstarch, or waterless mechanic's soap to further remove the oil from the fabric. Sprinkle the powder over the oil and let it sit for 30 minutes to absorb as much oil as possible. Then, use a spoon to scrape the oil and powder off the garment. Alternatively, you could rub plain white chalk over the spot to absorb the oil. Rinse the item with hot water, then apply a few drops of regular dish soap to the stain. Scrub the soap into the fabric with a toothbrush, then rinse it with hot water. The dish soap can be clear or colored, just make sure it doesn't have added moisturizers. As an alternative to dish soap, you could use shampoo, laundry soap, or aloe vera gel instead. As long as your garment is machine washable, you can pop it in the washing machine and launder it as usual. Follow the instructions on the care tag to determine the hottest water temperature the fabric can take. If the item is delicate, hand wash it. If your fabric is delicate, use a gentle detergent. Before putting the garment in the dryer, check to see if the stain is gone. You may need to let the item air dry so you can inspect the fabric when it's dry. If you put the item in the dryer and the stain isn't gone, the heat will set it into the fabric. Be sure to air dry any delicate fabrics rather than putting them in the dryer. If you let the item air dry and still notice a stain, or if the stain is older and has set in, you can still remove it from your clothing. Spritz hairspray or WD-40 onto the stained fabric. Let it sit for 20 minutes, then launder the item as usual. Although WD-40 is an oil, it works by "reactivating" set-in stains so they can be easily removed by laundering. Don't use WD-40 on delicate fabrics.

SUMMARY: Blot as much oil as possible from the item. Check the garment care tag. Apply powder to the stain and let it sit for 30 minutes. Scrub the stain with soap and water. Wash the garment by itself. Air dry the garment if the stain remains. Remove a stubborn stain with hairspray or WD-40.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: All snakes may bite if provoked, but some pack more of a punch and are venomous. It can be hard for someone without an expertise in snakes to tell from only looking at a snake, so proceed with caution. If you suspect that a snake is venomous, do not try to catch it with your hands. Some of the most common U.S. based venomous snakes are: Copperhead snakes. These are found most commonly in the eastern and mid-southern states. They get their name from unique copper colored scales on their head that slowly fade throughout the rest of their body.Their markings are often triangular in shape. Cottonmouth snake.These are usually four to seven feet in length. They are generally a dark shade of brown or a dull black. They have pupils that are shaped like slits and have a bulky body. They are found predominantly in the southern U.S., throughout Florida and the Mississippi River region. Diamondback Rattlesnake. These can grow up ten feet long. They are recognized by their distinctive black or brown diamond patterns down their bodies outlined in a light shade of yellow. They are a rattlesnake, and as that name implies, they have a series of hollow segments on the end of their tale that create a rattle sound when its shook. They live in the southern and south western parts of the U.S. and some of Mexico. Coral snake. These snakes can be difficult to recognize since it resembles other similar species. They are found in the eastern, southwestern, and southeastern portions of the U.S. They can grow to be around thirty inches. They are universally a red-yellow-black-yellow pattern with black heads. They are venomous, so you should be very careful if you think you spot one. Catching a snake by hand is a little trickier, and should be done with caution. However, if you do not have any tools or nets handy, you can catch a snake using your hands. Use an object to distract the snake's head, like a stick. Firmly grasp its tail and lift the snake upwards, leaving the front part of its body on the ground, but keeping your legs and body as far away as possible. Place the snake in a pillow case or sack immediately. If you know how to safely approach a snake, you can also grab the snake by the back of head to neutralize its chances of biting you. However, getting so close to the snake's head can be risky. If you use this method, it may be best to have a tool, such as a snake fork, that can pin the head down before you reach for it. Besides the risk of biting, snakes can also carry harmful bacteria. Make sure to use gloves to prevent your risk of catching a bacterial infection from the snake. If you do not have gloves, make sure to wash your hands thoroughly after touching the snake. Do not handle food or touch anyone else before you have washed your hands thoroughly.

SUMMARY:
Make sure the snake is safe for handling. Grab a snake with caution. Use gloves to handle snakes.