In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Const, amend. XIV, 1 ("nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws") (emphasis added). Thus, the Fourteenth Amendment protects all persons, whether they can prove membership in a specially protected class or not. The Court does not, in so holding, suggest that membership in a particular class of persons is irrelevant to a determination of whether a constitutional violation has occurred. Courts must evaluate discrimination based on membership in an identified suspect class such as race, alien-age, or national origin, with the most strict scrutiny. See City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432, 440, 105 S.Ct. 3249, 87 L.Ed.2d 313 (1985) (<HOLDING>). In contrast, the Eighth Circuit has held that
Holding statements: (A) holding that the government interest in preventing crime is compelling (B) holding on summary judgment that a regulation is narrowly tailored to serve a significant government interest (C) recognizing the compelling interest in highway safety (D) holding that such classifications are permissible only when suitably tailored to serve a compelling state interest (E) holding grandparent visitation statute serves compelling state interest in maintaining grandparentgrandchild relationship where grandparents had raised child for period of time but agreeing with trial court that something more than childs best interest must be established to serve compelling state interest
(D)

285 S.W.3d 884, 890 (Tex.Crim.App.2009) (quotation omitted). B. Crush Analysis Testimony Yergin was apparently planning to testify about estimated speeds of the F-250 and the Hyundai based on the amount of "crush" to the Hyundai. Although Yer-gin testified in front of the jury that there was probably a difference in speed between the two vehicles of 10 to 20 miles per hour, she never stated at any time what speeds she estimated the vehicles to be traveling. Nor did appellant's counsel explain to the court what speeds Yergin concluded the vehicles were traveling. This information would be crucial to understanding what testimony was excluded and whether the exclusion was harmful. See id. A general statement that she would testify about the vehicles' speeds is insufficient. See id. at 891 (<HOLDING>). Further, appellant's trial counsel explained
Holding statements: (A) holding that evidence of impaired mental functioning is inherently mitigating and that a defendant is not required to demonstrate a nexus between his mental capacity and the crime committed (B) holding defendant was not required to make a reasonable accommodation for an employee because the employee did not apprise defendant that she suffered from a mental impairment (C) holding that counsels performance was deficient for failing to investigate readily available evidence of mental impairment (D) holding that the defendant lacked sufficient contacts with the forum state because there was no evidence the defendant knew where the product would be sold (E) holding that a general statement about how the defendant wanted to introduce evidence of medical or mental impairment to show that the defendant lacked the proper mental state was an insufficient offer there must be some meat of the actual evidence
(E)

bar, Carlock and Reid were engaged in a "minor confrontation" about ten to twenty feet away from him. (J.A. 54-55.) 7 Given the context in which the police report was used to cross-examine Decatur, we assume thatit was used under the past recollection recorded exception. See Fed. R. Evid. 803(5). The police report was not admitted into evidence. We do note, however, that the prosecution did not object to the use of the police report and the trial court judge did not explicitly rule on the use of the police report during cross-examination. 8 "[Credibility] determinations are the sole province of the jury." Gov't of the Virgin Islands v. Henry, 232 Fed. Appx. 170, 174 (3d Cir. 2007); see also U.S. v. Jannotti, 673 F.2d 578, 598 (3d Cir. 1982) (en banc), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1106 (1982) (<HOLDING>). The Third Circuit has held that the testimony
Holding statements: (A) holding that the credibility determinations by the board are virtually unreviewable (B) holding that the credibility determinations of hearing officers are afforded special deference (C) holding that credibility determinations are reviewed only for substantial evidence (D) holding that credibility determinations are for the jury (E) holding that we review adverse credibility determinations for substantial evidence
(D)