Teacher:In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: are still the "law-abiding, responsible citizens" entitled to full Second Amendment rights, because the construction regulations do not come close to implicating the core of their rights, intermediate scrutiny is appropriate. See id. ("the [City] must show at least that the statute directly advances a substantial governmental interest and that the measure is drawn to achieve that interest"). The City satisfies intermediate scrutiny if its "legislative conclusion was reasonable and supported by substantial evidence in the rec ord." See Turner Broad. Sys., Inc. v. F.C.C., 520 U.S. 180, 211, 117 S.Ct. 1174, 137 L.Ed.2d 369 (1997). Substantial evidence is found not only in the form of hard data. See Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U.S. 525, 555, 121 S.Ct. 2404, 150 L.Ed.2d 532 (2001) (<HOLDING>). The City fares better in justifying its
Holding statements: (A) holding a court may consider a defendants criminal history even if that history is included in the defendants criminal history category (B) holding that unconstitutional government action can only be challenged by a person directly affected it cannot be challenged by one invoicing the rights of third parties (C) holding that common knowledge and common sense of one skilled in the art must be considered in determining obviousness (D) holding that facially valid indictment may not be challenged on the ground that it is based on inadequate evidence (E) holding that challenged ordinances can be justified based on history consensus and simple common sense
Student:
(E)