input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemists want to be able to predict the outcome of reactions. They would like it to be possible to predict what will happen when reactants are added together under a given set of conditions. The conditions of a reaction might include things like temperature, pressure, and concentrations of various reaction components. If the given conditions favor the formation of products, the reaction is said to be spontaneous . Q: How is a reaction described when the given conditions favor formation of products? A:
OPTIONS:
- instantaneous
- fluctuations
- planned
- spontaneous
output: spontaneous

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor in the air relative to the total amount the air can hold. The total amount depends on temperature. Q: What measurement is used to describe the amount of water vapor in the air? A:

OPTIONS:
- precipitation
- barometric pressure
- heat
- humidity

A: humidity

input: OPTIONS:
- gametophyte
- multicell
- eukaryote
- blastula Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cleavage and Blastula Stage The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage. Cleavage is illustrated in (Figure 43.24a). After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula. The blastula is usually a spherical layer of cells (the blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity (the blastocoel). Mammals at this stage form a structure called the blastocyst, characterized by an inner cell mass that is distinct from the surrounding blastula, shown in Figure 43.24b. During cleavage, the cells divide without an increase in mass; that is, one large single-celled zygote divides into multiple smaller cells. Each cell within the blastula is called a blastomere. Q: The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form this? A:
A:
output: blastula

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Buffers work well only for limited amounts of added strong acid or base. Once either solute is all reacted, the solution is no longer a buffer, and rapid changes in pH may occur. We say that a buffer has a certain capacity. Buffers that have more solute dissolved in them to start with have larger capacities, as might be expected. Human blood has a buffering system to minimize extreme changes in pH. One buffer in blood is based on the presence of HCO3 and H2CO3 [H2CO3 is another way to write CO2(aq)]. With this buffer present, even if some stomach acid were to find its way directly into the bloodstream, the change in the pH of blood would be minimal. Inside many of the body's cells, there is a buffering system based on phosphate ions. Q: Human blood has a buffering system to minimize extreme changes in what? A:

OPTIONS:
- sodium level
- calcium
- ions
- ph

Answer: ph

Problem: OPTIONS:
- homogeneous
- omnigeneous
- amorphous
- heterogeneous
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Another familiar example is the mixing of vinegar and olive oil. Olive oil is a nonpolar substance, while vinegar (which is mostly water and acetic acid) is polar. The result is a heterogeneous mixture that exhibits a bilayer. Q: Combining nonpolar olive oil and polar vinegar yields what type of mixture? A:
Answer: heterogeneous

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some invertebrates evolved a rigid rod along the length of their body. This rod is called a notochord. You can see the notochord in the tunicates in Figure below . The notochord gives the body support and shape. It also provides a place for muscles to attach. It can counterbalance the pull of the muscles when they contract. Animals with a notochord are called chordates. All of them are placed in Phylum Chordata. Some early chordates eventually evolved into vertebrates. Q: A notochord has in common with what vertbrate structure? A:

OPTIONS:
- trichord
- rib cage
- rip chord
- spinal cord

Answer:
spinal cord