instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Safe Roads for America Act of
2011''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) An individual who is 65 years of age needs 4 times the
amount of light to see at night as compared to an individual
who is 25 years of age.
(2) The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety projects that by
2030 1 in every 4 drivers will be 65 years of age or older.
(3) Increasing the retroreflectivity and size of traffic
signs provides added decision time for older drivers.
(4) Increasing the retroreflectivity and size of traffic
signs also provides for faster response time by emergency
medical technicians and police and fire personnel by increasing
their ability to read and understand signs and reduce travel
time to a site.
(5) More than 50 percent of traffic accidents resulting in
fatalities occur at night, and increased retroreflectivity of
traffic signs addresses this issue.
(6) In 2007, the following deadlines were established in
the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices in response to a
statutory requirement from Congress:
(A) By January 22, 2012, roadway owners must adopt
a plan to ensure that their signs meet minimum levels
of retroreflectivity.
(B) By January 22, 2015, regulatory and warning
signs and post-mounted signs must meet minimum levels
of retroreflectivity.
(C) By January 22, 2018, overhead and street name
signs must meet minimum levels of retroreflectivity.
(7) The Federal Highway Administration has estimated that
the cost for making these retroreflectivity improvements for
signage throughout the United States is $37,000,000 over a 10-
year period.
(8) At no point must a roadway owner replace a sign that
meets the minimum levels of retroreflectivity.
(9) The United States is currently experiencing the worst
economic conditions since the Great Depression.
(10) As a result, local governments across the United
States are experiencing one of the most economically
challenging times in history, with available revenues unable to
match the costs of services demanded by the public.
(11) To compensate for depressed revenue collections during
the economic downturn, counties and cities are adopting severe
cost-cutting measures, such as laying off and furloughing
employees (including public safety personnel), cancelling or
postponing planned capital improvements, deferring necessary
maintenance, cutting equipment inventories, and in some cases
declaring bankruptcy.
(12) The costs of employee benefits continue to rise and
local governments have to devote more resources to keep up with
inflation.
(13) States are passing along the costs of services to
local governments as a method to balance their budgets.
(14) The outlook for recovery appears to be at least 5
years away given that, even when the economy recovers, local
governments experience a delay in increased tax collections due
to the nature of property tax collections.

SEC. 3. RETROREFLECTIVITY LEVEL STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO TRAFFIC SIGNS.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall modify the
target compliance dates for minimum retroreflectivity level standards
set forth in section 2A.08 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices for Streets and Highways, 2009 Edition (incorporated by
reference in subpart F of part 655 of title 23, Code of Federal
Regulations) so that the following target compliance dates apply:
(1) A target compliance date of January 22, 2012, for
implementation and continued use of an assessment or management
method that is designed to maintain traffic sign
retroreflectivity at or above the established minimum levels.
(2) A target compliance date of January 22, 2018, for
replacement of regulatory, warning, and post-mounted guide
(except street name) signs that are identified using the
assessment or management method as failing to meet the
established minimum levels.
(3) A target compliance date of January 22, 2021, for
replacement of street name signs and overhead guide signs that
are identified using the assessment or management method as
failing to meet the established minimum levels.
(b) Effect on Proposed Regulations.--The Secretary shall revise the
notice of proposed amendments published in the Federal Register on
August 31, 2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 54156), to incorporate the target
compliance dates specified in subsection (a).
(c) Funding.--The Secretary may use funds available to the
Secretary to carry out this section notwithstanding any funding
limitation enacted before the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

(a) Highway Signs and Pavement Markings.--Section 148(a)(3)(B)(xi)
of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
''(xi) Installation, replacement, and
upgrade of highway signs and pavement markings,
including any upgrade of materials and the
implementation of any assessment or management
method designed to meet a State-established
performance standard, Federal regulation, or
requirement contained in the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices relating to minimum
levels of retroreflectivity.''.
(b) Maintaining Minimum Levels of Retroreflectivity.--
(1) Definition.--Section 148(a) of such title is amended by
adding at the end the following:
''(7) Project to maintain minimum levels of
retroreflectivity.--The term 'project to maintain minimum
levels of retroreflectivity' means a project undertaken
pursuant to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
requiring public agencies to use an assessment or management
method that is designed to maintain highway sign or pavement
marking retroreflectivity at or above prescribed minimum
levels.''.
(2) Eligible projects.--Section 148(d)(1) of such title is
amended--
(A) by striking ''or'' at the end of subparagraph
(A);
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
subparagraph (C); and
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
following:
''(B) any project to maintain minimum levels of
retroreflectivity on a public road, whether or not such
project is included in the State strategic highway
safety plan; or''.
(3) Increased federal share.--The first sentence of section
120(c)(1) of such title is amended by inserting ''maintaining
minimum levels of retroreflectivity of highway signs or
pavement markings,'' after ''signalization,''.
(c) Standards for Projects To Upgrade Highway Signs and Pavement
Markings.--Section 148 of such title is amended by adding at the end
the following:
''(i) Standards for Projects To Upgrade Highway Signs and Pavement
Markings.--The Secretary shall issue standards for the use of funds
apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(5) for highway safety
improvement projects to upgrade highway signs and pavement markings in
order to meet or exceed minimum maintained levels of retroreflectivity.
Such standards shall ensure that the projects are carried out so as to
meet defined criteria, consistent with other safety upgrades, using a
systematic approach. Such standards shall permit the use of the funds
for an initial upgrade of highway signs and pavement markings in the
State, but shall prohibit the funds from being used for maintenance
activities.''.
answer:
Safe Roads for America Act of 2011 - Requires the Secretary of Transportation to modify the target compliance dates for the following minimum retroreflectivity level standards: (1) implementation and continued use of an assessment or management method that is designed to maintain traffic sign retroreflectivity at or above the established minimum levels; (2) replacement of regulatory, warning, and post-mounted guide (except street name) signs identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels; and (3) replacement of street name signs and overhead guide signs that are identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels.

Requires the Secretary to revise the notice of proposed amendments published in the Federal Register on August 31, 2011, to incorporate the new target compliance dates.

Includes measures designed to meet a state-established performance standard, federal regulation, or requirement contained in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices relating to minimum levels of retroreflectivity as projects for purposes of the highway safety improvement program.

Allows a maximum 100% federal share of the costs of construction related to maintaining minimum levels of retroreflectivity of highway signs or pavement markings.

Directs the Secretary to issue standards for the use of funds apportioned to a state for highway safety improvement projects to upgrade highway signs and pavement markings in order to meet or exceed minimum maintained levels of retroreflectivity. Requires such standards to prohibit fund use for maintenance activities.

question:
SECTION 1. YELLOWSTONE BUFFALO PRESERVATION.

(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ''Yellowstone
Buffalo Preservation Act''.
(b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) More than any other animal, the American buffalo (Bison
bison) is a wildlife icon of the United States. The American
buffalo is the symbol that represents the Department of the
Interior. The American buffalo is profoundly significant to
Native American cultures and, perhaps more than any other
wildlife species, has influenced our history.
(2) The American buffalo is still under assault, as it was
in the late 19th Century when it was nearly exterminated. At
the end of the great slaughter, in which tens of millions of
buffalo were killed, only a few hundred wild buffalo remained
in the Nation and all were located in Yellowstone National
Park. Due to poaching, their numbers were reduced to 25 by the
year 1900.
(3) The offspring of the 25 survivors comprise the
Yellowstone buffalo herd and are the only wild, free-roaming
American buffalo to continuously occupy their native habitat in
the United States.
(4) The Yellowstone buffalo herd is genetically unique.
Unlike captive ranched buffalo, which are now relatively
common, the Yellowstone buffalo herd has never interbred with
cattle and has retained its wild character.
(5) Because the Park lacks extensive low-elevation winter
habitat that provides bison and elk with access to winter
forage, wildlife migrate from the high elevation plateau of
Yellowstone National Park to lower elevation habitat adjacent
to the Park in winter and spring.
(6) The Yellowstone buffalo herd was exposed to the
bacterium Brucella abortus, which can cause the disease
brucellosis, in 1917. Brucellosis is only transmitted through
animal ingestion of contaminated reproductive products.
Brucellosis can cause abortions in infected animals, but only
infectious females who have the bacteria in their reproductive
system represent any potential threat of transmission. The risk
of transmission between wild buffalo and cattle was deemed low
in a 1992 General Accounting Office report, and again in a 1998
National Research Council study. In fact, there has never been
a confirmed incidence of brucellosis transmission in the wild
from buffalo to cattle. Buffalo with brucellosis and cattle
have grazed together for over 50 years in the Jackson Hole area
south of Yellowstone without any incident of disease
transmission. Despite these facts, the National Park Service,
the United States Forest Service, and the State of Montana
Department of Livestock haze, capture, and kill members of the
Yellowstone buffalo herd in an attempt to keep them unnaturally
confined within Yellowstone National Park. At the same time,
approximately 13,000 Yellowstone elk, some of which also harbor
brucellosis, are allowed unfettered access to Federal land
outside the Park. Since 1984, nearly 3,700 American buffalo
have been killed in Montana as a result of this policy. In the
winter of 2002-2003, 244 buffalo were killed by the Federal and
State agencies, including 231 buffalo which were captured and
slaughtered by the National Park Service.
(7) The key lower elevation habitat needed by American
buffalo is primarily on Gallatin National Forest lands adjacent
to the north and west sides of the Park. On the north side,
taxpayers spent $13,000,000 in 1999 for a private-Federal land
exchange intended to make low elevation habitat adjacent to the
Yellowstone River accessible to the Yellowstone buffalo herd
and other wildlife. The land exchange has not yet been
finalized by Federal agencies and therefore key habitat is not
available to the Yellowstone buffalo herd.
(8) On the west side of the Park, the Horse Butte peninsula
provides prime wildlife habitat for grizzly bears, trumpeter
swans, bald eagles, wolves, and buffalo. The peninsula
comprises approximately 10,000 acres of primarily Gallatin
National Forest Federal lands extending into Hebgen Lake.
(9) National Park Service lands have been set aside for the
conservation of resources and values and for the enjoyment and
use of all citizens. The Federal lands adjacent to the Park
represent some of the most valuable and important wildlife
habitat in the lower forty-eight states. They are integrally
connected to the health of wildlife residing seasonally in our
Nation's oldest national park. Together, the Park and the
adjacent Federal lands provide some of our Nation's richest
opportunities for recreation, wildlife viewing, family camping,
wildlife conservation, fishing, and other recreational and
sporting activities. These Federal lands should be
preferentially managed to sustain this rich and diverse
wildlife resource and to provide the public with enjoyment of
this National treasure.
(c) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to provide for the
protection of the Yellowstone buffalo herd by allowing the Yellowstone
buffalo herd to freely roam Federal lands outside of the Park. The
Federal lands that are affected by this Act are those within the Park
and adjacent to it on the north and west boundaries as indicated by
zones 2 and 3 on the Modified Preferred Alternative Map on page 181 of
the 2000 Bison Management Plan for the State of Montana and Yellowstone
National Park Final Environmental Impact Statement.
(d) Definitions.--For the purposes of this section, the following
definitions apply:
(1) Hazing.--The term ''hazing'' means any individual
effort to drive away, obstruct, chase, scare, or deter natural
movements of wildlife, including hazing efforts carried out on
foot or horseback or efforts aided by machinery, aircraft, or
any type of noise-making device.
(2) Individual.--The term ''individual'' means any person
representing a State or Federal Government.
(3) Park.--The term ''Park'' means Yellowstone National
Park.
(4) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of the Interior.
(5) Yellowstone buffalo herd.--The term ''Yellowstone
buffalo herd'' means the wild, free roaming, unfenced buffalo
living primarily within Yellowstone National Park.
(e) Prohibited Acts; Criminal Penalties.--
(1) Prohibited acts.--No individual may kill, haze, or
capture any buffalo on Federal land or land held under Federal
conservation easements or use any form of bait to lure buffalo
from any Federal land onto private land until the duties under
subsection (f) are carried out.
(2) Penalties.--
(A) Initial violation.--Any individual found to be
in violation of paragraph (1) for the first time shall
be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more
than 1 year or both.
(B) Subsequent violations.--Any individual found to
be in violation of paragraph (1) after the first such
finding shall be fined not more than $10,000 or
imprisoned not more than 2 years or both.
(C) Reward.--One half of any fine collected under
this subsection or $2,500, whichever is less, shall be
paid to any person or persons giving information which
leads to conviction of a violation of this subsection.
(D) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply to
a person that is found to have been hazing a buffalo if
the person is physically endangered or private property
was damaged by a buffalo.
(f) Duties.--The Secretary and other appropriate Federal agencies
shall ensure that the following is accomplished not later than 3 years
after the date of the enactment of this Act:
(1) The Yellowstone buffalo herd is allowed to freely roam
the Park and the Federal lands adjacent to Yellowstone National
Park on the north and west boundaries as indicated by zones 2
and 3 on the Modified Preferred Alternative Map on page 181 of
the 2000 Bison Management Plan for the State of Montana and
Yellowstone National Park Final Environmental Impact Statement
without being hazed. These lands shall be made available
preferentially for buffalo and wildlife use.
(2) Management authority of the Yellowstone buffalo herd
within the Park is under the sole jurisdiction of the National
Park Service.
(3) The land exchange described in section 1(b)(7) with the
private property owner has been finalized, as set forth in the
agreement executed in 1999, so that the Yellowstone buffalo
herd may freely roam the lands described in paragraph (1).
(4) The National Park Service has disassembled the Stephens
Creek Buffalo Capture Facility.
(5) The Secretary has made every effort practicable to
allow the Yellowstone buffalo herd to freely roam Federal lands
through incentives and cooperative efforts with adjacent
private landowners, including through acquisition, easement,
cattle vaccination, and landowner agreement pertaining to
temporal and spatial separation of livestock from the
Yellowstone buffalo herd.
answer:
Yellowstone Buffalo Preservation Act - Prohibits an individual from killing, hazing, or capturing any buffalo on Federal lands or land held under Federal conservation easements or using any form of bait to lure buffalo from any Federal land onto private land until the Secretary of the Interior and other appropriate Federal agencies carry out specified duties.

Establishes fines and criminal penalties for violations of this Act.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''State Accountability and Identity
Fraud Elimination Act of 2004''.

SEC. 2. WITHHOLDING FUNDS FOR ENACTMENT OF A LAW ALLOWING ISSUANCE OF
IDENTIFICATION CARDS OR DRIVERS' LICENSES FOR CERTAIN
INDIVIDUALS.

(a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 1 of title 23, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 165. Withholding funds for enactment of a law allowing issuance
of identification cards or drivers' licenses for certain
individuals.
''(a) Withholding of Apportionments.--
''(1) Fiscal year 2006.--The Secretary shall withhold 5
percent of the amount required to be apportioned to any State
under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on
October 1, 2005, if the State has enacted a law described in
paragraph (7) on or before that date.
''(2) Fiscal year 2007.--The Secretary shall withhold 10
percent (including any amounts withheld under paragraph (1)) of
the amount required to be apportioned to any State under each
of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on October 1,
2006 , if the State has enacted a law described in paragraph
(7) on or before that date.
''(3) Fiscal year 2008.--The Secretary shall withhold 15
percent of the amount required to be apportioned to any State
under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on
October 1, 2007, if the State has enacted a law described in
paragraph (7) on or before that date.
''(4) Fiscal year 2009.--The Secretary shall withhold 20
percent of the amount required to be apportioned to any State
under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on
October 1, 2008, if the State has enacted a law described in
paragraph (7) on or before that date.
''(5) Fiscal year 2010.--The Secretary shall withhold 25
percent of the amount required to be apportioned to any State
under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on
October 1, 2009, if the State has enacted a law described in
paragraph (7) on or before that date.
''(6) Therafter.--The Secretary shall withhold 25 percent
of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under
each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) on
October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter if the State has
enacted a law described in paragraph (7) on or before that
date.
''(7) Requirement.--A State shall have funds withheld under
this subsection if the State has enacted a law that allows the
issuance of an identification card or a driver's license to an
alien who is not legally authorized to be in the United States.
''(b) Period of Availability; Effect of Compliance and
Noncompliance.--
''(1) Period of availability of withheld funds.--
''(A) Funds withheld on or before september 30,
2007.--Any funds withheld under subsection (a) from
apportionment to any State on or before September 30,
2005, shall remain available until the end of the third
fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the
funds are authorized to be appropriated.
''(B) Funds withheld after september 30, 2007.--No
funds withheld under this section from apportionment to
any State after September 30, 2007, shall be available
for apportionment to the State.
''(2) Apportionment of withheld funds after compliance.--
If, before the last day of the period for which funds withheld
under subsection (a) from apportionment are to remain available
for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State has
repealed a law described in subsection (a)(7), the Secretary
shall, on the first day on which the State repeals such law,
apportion to the State the funds withheld under subsection (a)
that remain available for apportionment to the State.
''(3) Period of availability of subsequently apportioned
funds.--Any funds apportioned pursuant to paragraph (2) shall
remain available for expenditure until the end of the third
fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the funds are so
apportioned. Sums not obligated at the end of that period shall
lapse.
''(4) Effect of noncompliance.--If, at the end of the
period for which funds withheld under subsection (a) from
apportionment are available for apportionment to a State under
paragraph (1), the State does not repeal a law described
subsection (a)(7), the funds shall lapse.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for such chapter is amended
by inserting after the item relating to section 164 the following:

''165. Withholding of funds for enactment of a law allowing issuance of
identification cards or drivers' licenses
for certain individuals''.
answer:
State Accountability and Identity Fraud Elimination Act of 2004 - Directs the Secretary of Transportation to withhold specified Federal highway funds in increasing percentages starting in FY 2006 from any State that has enacted a law that allows the issuance of an identification card or a driver's license to an alien who is not legally authorized to be in the United States. Provides that funds withheld from apportionment to any State: (1) on or before September 30, 2005, shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the funds are authorized to be appropriated; and (2) after September 30, 2007, shall not be available for apportionment to the State.