In order to change your thinking you need to know the exact thoughts and thought patterns that are troubling you or causing emotional distress. Some examples of counter-productive thoughts are, "I am stupid. I can't do anything right. I know I am going to fail. I know that person hates me. I hate that person." There are also specific types of thinking habits or patterns like catastrophizing, which means you often think the worst-case scenario will occur. Other thinking patterns include over-generalizing (thinking in always or never, such as, "I always mess things up."), mind-reading (thinking you know what someone else is thinking such as, "I know he hates me".), and predicting the future (thinking you know what will happen such as, "I am going to lose"). Make a list of the thoughts and thought patterns you want to change so that you can refer to them later. Write down which patterns or habits you tend to have. Be aware that some thoughts that may be considered "bad" are simply part of human nature, e.g. sexual thoughts, or "what if" scenarios that stem from our desire for personal safety. These thoughts are okay to have, and normal, and come from good instincts (like to procreate or protect ourselves and loved ones). If these thoughts become intrusive or interfere with your daily life, then you may need to address the obsessive nature of the thoughts. But remember, that still doesn't make the thoughts themselves bad. After you have identified your bad thoughts and thinking patterns, you can begin in develop alternative thoughts. Notice when you have an unhelpful thought. Identify the thought and then change it to something more realistic and appropriate. For example, if you thought, "I never do anything right," change this thought to something more accurate such as, "Sometimes I make mistakes and that's okay. I am human. I will do better next time." Catch yourself when you think a bad thought and say to yourself, "Wait a second! That is not a good thought and it's not true. I know I can turn this thinking around to something positive." A therapist who specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) may be able to help you with this process and give you additional techniques to try. (Note: CBT is not for everyone and for some psychological conditions a more nuanced approach is needed. Keep in mind that all therapists are human, and may not understand your condition. Try to find a therapist who admits that they do not have all the answers for everyone.) For example, if someone tells you not to slam the door, the first thing your mind does is imagine a door slamming. When you frame something with a negative grammatical construction "don't think about X" your brain has to think about that thing in order to remind itself not to. Subvert this by mentally replacing the undesired outcome with the desired outcome. For example, if you're worried about a job interview, don't think: "Don't forget my portfolio." Think: "Remember your portfolio." Instead of "Don't blow it," think, "I'm going to nail it." If you cannot stop worrying about how something could go wrong, flip the script and focus, instead, on the most positive possible outcome in that situation. Instead of trying to ignore the thing that is causing you stress, guide your thoughts in a direction that causes you less stress and anxiety. If your bad thoughts are about someone else ("I hate that person") ask yourself why you had that thought. Did this person do something bad to you? Is he or she abusive? Or is it something within you, like you're jealous of him or her? When you have these thoughts, examine your own emotions. What are you feeling right now? Do you feel insecure, powerless, or isolated? Try to figure out where these feelings come from. Did your parents always measure you against your perfect older sister? Try to shift your attention away from what others are doing and understand what is happening with you when you have those thoughts. Practice empathy by imagining sympathetic reasons for their behavior. Maybe you had a judgemental thought about your overweight friend, not realizing he's been busy caring for his sick grandmother and doesn't have time to exercise. Or maybe the person who was rude to you is suffering from chronic pain and lashing out because she's hurting. It doesn't need to be an accurate reason, but it might be enough to keep you calm and allow you to move on.
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One-sentence summary -- Identify the thoughts you want to change. Change your bad thoughts. Substitute positive wording and imagery for negative ones. Consider the best-case scenario. Address bad thoughts about other people.

Q: Make an appointment to speak to your doctor prior to starting any new exercise routine. Not all physical activity is safe for everyone, so you need to make sure that your activity plan is safe and appropriate for you. If you currently have a medical condition or injury, talk to your doctor about what types of activity are appropriate for you. They may give you some restrictions, but also provide guidelines of what is acceptable and safe. Also, if you suffer from a chronic injury, speaking to a physical therapist or orthopedist might be a good idea. They can give you detailed guidance on what to do or not do. If you begin a workout routine and experience any pain, shortness of breath or other side effects, discontinue immediately and consult with your doctor. Although exercise DVDs generally do not require a lot of equipment, you should evaluate your in-home set up and what you'll need to do to make exercising feasible. Choose a spot where you plan on exercising. Make sure you'll have enough space to move around or perform the exercises suggested in your DVD in a safe manner. You may need to move some furniture or other items out of the way. Also consider the flooring. If you have hardwood floors, you may need to purchase an exercise mat to make floor exercises more comfortable. After reviewing or watching a few exercise DVDs you can assess what at-home equipment you will need to purchase. However, make sure you've fully decided on what DVD or program you're purchasing before spending money on any required equipment. Some DVD programs will require fitness equipment. Items may include: an exercise mat, a stability ball, a set or two of hand weights, resistance bands, kettle bells or a foam roller. If you have little room or a small budget, find DVDs that require little to no extra equipment. Some programs offer routines that use furniture or other common household items for their workouts.
A: Talk to your doctor. Prep your home. Purchase at-home exercise equipment.

Article: This row is referred to as the "home row" on your concertina. Keep your thumb outside of the straps and use your index finger through your pinky to control the keys on the concertina. If all your fingers cannot reach the keys, practice moving your fingers around to increase their dexterity. Each concertina will have a different layout for their keys depending on how many keys it has and the type you purchased. Refer to the owner's manual or fingering chart to learn which keys produce the notes you want. Middle C is a good starting note, and on an English concertina, it is typically the key your second finger, or middle finger, rests on in the home row of your left hand. Start with middle C in one of the middle rows of the concertina. Depress the key and either open or close the bellows, depending on what position they're currently in. The note you selected will play as long as the bellows are moving. Name the note as you play it to familiarize yourself with the sound. This way, you'll learn to play the concertina by ear. Find C1 on the opposite side of the concertina as middle C. Play C1 followed by C to hear the difference between the octaves. Look up introductory concertina videos to watch how someone else plays the concertina. These lessons will go over how to properly use and hold the instrument, basic notes, and how to play simple songs. Look for various videos online from different instructors. Some lessons are usually free on sites like YouTube but will offer further lessons for a small fee on their website. Having a visual reference can be really helpful for beginners.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Keep your fingers on the top 4 keys in the first row. Check which keys play specific notes. Press the key down while opening or closing the bellows to play them. Watch video tutorials for a better understanding of notes and placement.