Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with myocardial scarring and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CE-CMR) can quantify myocardial scar, and scar imaging has been documented in patients with HCM. We investigated the assessment of myocardial scar in HCM patients using CE-CMR, and its correlation with proven VT.', 'Twenty-five patients (mean age 54 +/- 8) with HCM who underwent CE-CMR were identified, and clinical data obtained from chart review. Parameters of LV function were calculated from cine imaging, and myocardial scar was assessed using delayed enhancement imaging following gadolinium administration.', 'Myocardial scar was detected in 16 (64%) patients with a mean mass 9 +/- 15 g. Scar was patchy, mid-myocardial and located in the basal anteroseptum, and RV insertion sites. Scar was seen in septal, apical and concentric variants of HCM. Scar mass correlated with both LV Mass (r2 = 0.74) and maximal LV wall thickness (r2 = 0.42). VT occurred in 32% of patients, and was associated with both increased scar mass and wall thickness compared to non-VT patients (21 +/- 22 g vs. 4 +/- 6 g, and 2.4 +/- 0.5 cm vs. 1.8 +/- 0.5 cm, p < 0.05). LV size and function were similar in patients with and without VT. A scar mass of >7 g predicted the presence of VT with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity 82%.
Answer: Myocardial scar imaged by CE-CMR is common in patients with HCM, and is predictive of VT. Scar is seen in all HCM variants, and is associated with maximal wall thickness. There may be a role for CE-CMR in improved risk stratification for individual patients with HCM.
[EX A]: Is myocardial scar detected by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients?

[EX Q]: Context: Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and giant cell tumour (GCT) are bone lesions that share similar microscopic features. Recently, it was reported that 90% of bone GCT exhibit either p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu in H3F3A, one of two genes for histone H3.3 located on chromosome 1. We aimed to test whether sporadic CGCL of the jaws share the H3F3A mutations reported in GCT of other bones.', 'Nine samples of CGCL of the jaws were included in the study, and mutations were assessed by direct sequencing.', 'None of the CGCL samples presented the recurrent p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations in the H3F3A gene.
Answer: On the basis of our findings, H3F3A p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations are not a frequent event in CGCL. If these alterations are confirmed to be exclusive of GCT, the assessment of H3F3A mutations may help in the differential diagnosis of GCT and CGCL of the jaws.
[EX A]: Is the highly prevalent H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumours of bone shared by sporadic central giant cell lesion of the jaws?

[EX Q]: Context: The proportion of dendritic cell subpopulations in the skin is important for the severity of atopic dermatitis because topical treatment with tacrolimus leads to rapid depletion of inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells, whereas Langerhans cells (LCs) predominate in cured sites.', 'The effects of tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 on LC differentiation and the idea of tacrolimus skewing the differentiation of epidermal precursors to LCs were evaluated.', 'The presence of LC markers, MHC, and costimulatory molecules and stimulatory capacity toward T cells of monocyte-derived LCs were analyzed. Skin samples of patients with atopic dermatitis were assessed by means of immunofluorescence microscopy before and after tacrolimus treatment. TGF-beta production of skin cells was analyzed.', 'Tacrolimus and TGF-beta1 act synergistically on the generation of LCs and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC II; stabilize TGF-beta receptor II expression; and decrease the stimulatory capacity of LCs toward T cells. In vivo the number of epidermal LCs in tacrolimus-treated skin increased.
Answer: The synergism between TGF-beta1 and tacrolimus leads to the generation of LCs, reduced expression of costimulatory and MHC II molecules, and reduced stimulatory activity. Shifting the balance of the dendritic cell population to LCs might be of major importance for the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus.
[EX A]:
Do tacrolimus and TGF-beta act synergistically on the generation of Langerhans cells?