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Normally, the mother licks the kittens' genitals after each feed which causes them to pass feces and urine. Before and after each feed, you'll need to wipe the kitten's bottom with a cotton pad soaked in warm water. This stimulates the kitten to go to the toilet, which she cannot do without stimulation until she is a few weeks old. Place the kitten on a clean blanket and turn the kitten on its side. Use the moistened cotton pad to rub the genitals in one direction, not back and forth which could cause friction. You'll notice the kitten begin to urinate or defecate. Keep rubbing until the kitten stops or she may not completely eliminate. The kittens' urine shouldn't smell and should be pale yellow in color. Feces should be yellowish brown. If you notice white or green feces, or dark urine that smells strongly, the kittens may be dehydrated or need medical attention. Once you've fed and helped the kittens eliminate, you'll need to clean them. Take a warm damp cloth and stroke the kittens' fur using short strokes. Be sure to towel dry the kittens until they're completely dry and place them back in their soft warm bedding. If you notice dried feces are stuck on a kitten's fur, gently dip the kitten's bottom into a bowl of warm water. Then you can carefully wipe the loosened feces off with a cloth. Kittens should steadily gain weight throughout their first few months. Make sure to weigh each kitten at the same time every day and record their weights. Kittens usually double their weight one week after birth. They should keep gaining about half an ounce each day after the first week. If a kitten stops gaining weight, or is losing weight, there is something wrong and it may need to see a vet. For example, kittens are usually born weighing around 3.0 - 3.7 ounces (90 - 110 grams). Around 2 weeks old, a kitten should weigh around 7 ounces. By 3 weeks old, the kitten should weigh about 10 ounces. It's a good idea to take the kittens to the vet as soon as possible to let the vet check for dehydration, worms, parasites, and assess their general health. Some veterinarians' offices may even offer a free visit if you tell them you're caring for rescued kittens. You should also know when to take young kittens to the vet for medical treatment. Take the kittens to the vet if you notice: A high or low temperature (over 103 or under 99 degrees) Lack of appetite (if a kitten hasn't eaten at all in a day, get emergency medical attention) Vomiting (if it's constant, get emergency medical attention) Weight loss Coughing, sneezing, discharge from the eyes or nose Diarrhea (if it's constant, get emergency medical attention) Lack of energy Bleeding of any kind (get emergency medical attention) Difficulty breathing (get emergency medical attention) Any trauma, like being hit by a car, dropped, limping, stepped on, unconscious (get emergency medical attention)

summary: Help the kittens eliminate feces and urine. Clean the kittens. Checking the weight of the kittens. Know when to take the kittens to the vet.

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This gets you practice in most common sounds, and is also helpful for "warming up" your voice before a speech. Try these common vowels with a few consonants, or even going through the whole alphabet: "Bah Beh Bee Bih Bo Boo Buh" "Vah Veh Vee Vih Vo Voo Vuh" (et cetera) For more of a challenge, include the vowel "aw," which is similar but distinct from "ah" in most dialects. You can also include combination consonants such as "SL" and "PR" Diphthongs are vowels that require you to move your tongue from one position to another as you pronounce them. Practice saying these words slowly, identifying the two mouth positions you use during the vowel. Then try to speed up and say the words more quickly while keeping your mouth movements precise. Spend more time in the first part of the vowel than the second, and your speech will sound clearer and more refined. Ache mate paid saint stray Eye nice rhyme pie height Voice noise coin Load toad flow Crowd sprout found Air square prayer (not always considered a diphthong, but still good practice) Cute few ewes Onion union million Don't worry too much if you can't identify the two vowel sounds in some of these. Different dialects of English often pronounce diphthongs differently, or even as single vowels. Try to articulate each word in a tongue twister, especially one that contains sounds you find difficult to pronounce. Start out slowly, and go faster once you can pronounce it perfectly. Here are a few tongue twisters for common problem sounds, which you can find more of here: James just jostled Jean gently. Round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran. Silly Susan sells sea shells by the seashore. Read a book (or even this article) out loud into a voice recorder. Try to articulate every sound clearly so that you can be heard. It may help to set up the recording device a short distance from yourself, then to increase the distance each time and try to keep your speech just as clear. You can probably find a voice recorder on your computer or online. Your phone may have a voice recorder too, but it may not be high enough quality for enunciation practice. Hold a pencil, chopstick, pen, or similar object horizontal been your teeth, and repeat the speaking drills above. By making your tongue and mouth work much harder around a physical speech impediment, enunciating will become easier when you are speaking normally without any obstruction in the way of your speaking.

summary: Go through some consonant-vowel combinations. Practice diphthongs. Practice tongue twisters. Record yourself speaking. Practice with a pencil in your mouth.

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Abnormal vaginal bleeding is often one of the first symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. This bleeding may be either heavier or lighter than what you normally experience during your menstrual period. It may also be accompanied by severe pelvic or abdominal pain. If you experience vaginal bleeding when you know you are pregnant, or if the vaginal bleeding is accompanied by severe pain or lightheadedness, seek medical attention right away. If you have pain in your lower abdomen or pelvic area, or cramping on one side of your pelvis, you may have an ectopic pregnancy. If this pain persists, worsens, or occurs with any other symptoms (such as vaginal bleeding), call your doctor or go to the emergency room right away. This pain may feel sharp or stabbing, and its intensity may vary from one moment to another. Ectopic pregnancy is sometimes accompanied by a sharp pain that radiates into the shoulder and neck. If you experience this symptom, especially if you know you are pregnant and/or the pain is accompanied by other symptoms (such as pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding), seek emergency medical care immediately. An ectopic pregnancy may rupture if left untreated, causing severe internal bleeding. Seek emergency medical care immediately if you experience the following symptoms of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy: Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain that lasts for more than a few minutes. Light-headedness or dizziness. Stabbing pain in the shoulder or neck. This may be caused by blood in the abdomen or under the diaphragm putting pressure on nerves that run to your shoulder. A sensation of pain or pressure in your rectum (this may feel like an urgent need to have a bowel movement). This may be a sign of internal bleeding, which needs immediate medical treatment. Low blood pressure. Nausea and vomiting. Pain on 1 side of your body. Sharp abdominal cramps. Weakness. Fainting.
summary: Note vaginal bleeding. Take abdominal or pelvic pain seriously. Check for shoulder pain. Go to the emergency room for severe symptoms.