Q: Information: - Japheth (', '; '; ), meaning "enlarge", is one of the sons of Noah in the Abrahamic tradition. In Arabic citations, his name is normally given as Yafeth bin Nuh ("Japheth, son of Noah"). - Ashkenaz is a term found in a number of contexts. It is found in the Hebrew Bible to refer to one of the descendants of Noah as well as to a reference to a kingdom of Ashkenaz. Ashkenaz is the first son of Gomer, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. - Togarmah (Hebrew: ) is a figure in the "table of nations" in Genesis 10, the list of descendants of Noah that represents the peoples known to the ancient Hebrews. Togarmah is among the descendants of Japheth and is thought to represent some people located in Anatolia. Medieval traditions variously claimed Togarmah as the mythical ancestor of peoples in the Caucasus and western Asia, including the Georgians, the Armenians and some Turkic peoples (ie. Oghuzes, Khazars, Bulgars). - Gomer (, Standard Hebrew "Gomer", Tiberian Hebrew "Gmer") was the eldest son of Japheth (and of the Japhetic line), and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, according to the "Table of Nations" in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 10). - Riphath ( Hebrew : ) was Gomer 's second son according to the Table of Nations in the Hebrew Bible ( Gen. 10:3 , 1 Chronicles 1:6 ) . The name appears in some copies of 1 Chronicles as '' Diphath '' , due to the similarities of the characters resh and dalet in the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets . He was supposed by Flavius Josephus to have been the ancestor of the '' Riphatheans , now called Paphlagonians '' . Hippolytus of Rome made him the ancestor of the '' Sauromatians '' ( as distinct from the '' Sarmatians '' , whom he called descendants of Riphath 's elder brother , Ashkenaz ) . Riphath has often been connected with the Riphean Mountains of classical Greek geography , in whose foothills the Arimaspi ( also called Arimphaei or Riphaeans ) were said to live . These were usually identified with the Ural Mountains in authors such as Pliny the Elder . August Wilhelm Knobel proposed that Riphath begat the Celtic peoples , who according to Plutarch had crossed from the Riphaean Mountains while en route to Northern Europe . Some versions of the Middle Irish work Lebor Gabala Erenn give as an alternate name '' Riphath Scot '' son of Gomer , in place of Fenius Farsa , as a Scythian ancestor of the Goidels . Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'brother'.
A: riphath , togarmah
Question: Information: - Jurisdiction (from the Latin "ius, " meaning "law" and "" meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law. - Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is a killing committed in the absence of "malice", brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. "Involuntary" manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent ("mens rea"), recklessness. - Tafflin v. Levitt , 493 U.S. 455 ( 1990 ) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that state courts have concurrent jurisdiction to decide civil claims brought under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ( RICO ) . - In the law, a cause of action is a set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue to obtain money, property, or the enforcement of a right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called a Statement of Claim in English law, or a Complaint in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse. - A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court. Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court. - The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, commonly referred to as the RICO Act or simply RICO, is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization. The RICO Act focuses specifically on racketeering, and it allows the "leaders" of a syndicate to be tried for the crimes which they "ordered" others to do or assisted them in doing, closing a perceived loophole that allowed a person who instructed someone else to, for example, murder, to be exempt from the trial because he did not actually commit the crime personally. - Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. This situation leads to forum shopping, as parties will try to have their civil or criminal case heard in the court that they perceive will be most favorable to them. - In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute. - Colloquially, forum shopping is the practice adopted by some litigants of having their legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favorable judgment. Some jurisdictions have, for example, become known as "plaintiff-friendly" and so have attracted litigation even when there is little or no connection between the legal issues and the jurisdiction in which they are to be litigated. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'instance of'.
Answer:
tafflin v. levitt , legal case