In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Sunshine in Academic Admissions
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether
federally funded institutions of higher education are treating
student applications differently depending on the student's
race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which
these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and
prospective students of these decisions.
(2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this
right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of
race, color, or national origin by federally funded
institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and
universities.
(3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the
Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory
admissions.
(4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United
States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny
should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure
diversity is not defined as ''mere racial balancing,'' but has
a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher
case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted
if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a
racially diverse student body.
(5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate
their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs
of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a
less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the
discrimination is not permissible.
(6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed,
colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education
must make public through annual reports their use of race,
color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that
Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons
can monitor the schools.
(7) Additionally, college and universities must provide
evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination
does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
(8) Academic ''mismatch'' refers to a significant
discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups
within a student body, and is encouraged when universities
lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a
particular composition.
(9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular
students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout
rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a
disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN
STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a
report in accordance with this section.
(b) Contents of Report.--
(1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national
origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a
statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of the
institution or any department of the institution.
(2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under
paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of an
institution or department, then the report shall include the
following information with respect to the institution or
department:
(A) The racial, color, and national origin groups
for which membership is considered a plus factor or a
minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a
group is determined for individual students.
(B) A description of how group membership is
considered, including the weight given to such
consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are
used.
(C) A statement explaining why group membership is
given weight, including the determination of the
desired level claimed and, with respect to the
diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular
educational mission of the institution or department.
(D) A description of the consideration that has
been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory
alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals
for which group membership is considered.
(E) A description of how frequently the need to
give weight to group membership is reassessed and how
that reassessment is conducted.
(F) An identification of the factors other than
race, color, or national origin that are collected in
the admissions process. If the factors described in the
preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high
school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT
and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic
status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw
admissions data for applicants regarding these factors,
along with each individual applicant's race, color, and
national origin and the admissions decision made by the
school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the
report in computer-readable form, with the name of the
individual student redacted but with appropriate links,
so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education
or other interested persons to determine through
statistical analysis the weight being given to race,
color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
(G) An analysis, and also the underlying data
needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a
correlation--
(i) between membership in a group favored
on account of race, color, or national origin
and the likelihood of enrollment in a
remediation program, relative to membership in
other groups;
(ii) between such membership and graduation
rates, relative to membership in other groups;
and
(iii) between such membership and the
likelihood of defaulting on education loans,
relative to membership in other groups.
(c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

In this Act, the term ''institution of higher education'' has the
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an
institution of higher education outside the United States.

Answer: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures. The institution must make the report publicly available.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of
2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo management implemented sales incentives, including
an incentive-compensation program, in part to increase the
number of banking products and services that its employees sold
to its customers.
(2) The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection found that
Wells Fargo employees engaged in improper sales practices to
satisfy sales goals under Wells Fargo's incentive compensation
program, including opening as many as 1,534,280 checking
accounts and 565,443 credit card accounts using consumers'
information without their knowledge or consent between May 2011
and July 2015.
(3) Wells Fargo successfully claimed in Jabbari v. Wells
Fargo that customers had signed away their rights to hold Wells
Fargo accountable in court for claims of fraud because those
customers were bound to a forced arbitration clause for their
legitimate accounts.
(4) After Wells Fargo publicly entered a settlement with
Federal regulators for the opening of thousands of unauthorized
customer accounts, Wells Fargo claimed in Mitchell et. al. v.
Wells Fargo et. al. that customers' fraud claims must continue
to be forced into arbitration.
(5) Several courts have determined that despite claims of
fraud over unauthorized accounts opened without customer
knowledge or consent, those customers are still bound by
contracts forcing those claims into arbitration based on the
courts' interpretation of the Federal Arbitration Act.
(6) The Federal Arbitration Act (now codified as chapter 1
of title 9, United States Code) was intended to apply to
disputes between commercial entities of generally similar
sophistication and bargaining power, but a series of decisions
by the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted the
Federal Arbitration Act as applicable to claims of fraud.
(7) Consumers have no meaningful choice whether to submit
their claims to arbitration and are typically unaware that they
have given up their rights to file claims in court.

SEC. 3. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO CREDIT CARD
ACCOUNTS.

Chapter 2 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1631 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following (and the table of contents
for such chapter is conformed accordingly):
''Sec. 140B. Validity and enforceability
''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(2) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a person and a consumer providing for
arbitration of any future dispute between the parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a credit card that was not issued in response to a request
or application for that credit card account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 4. ARBITRATION OF CONSUMER DISPUTES RELATED TO COVERED ACCOUNTS.

The Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 920 (15 U.S.C. 1693o-2) the
following:

''SEC. 920A. VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY.

''(a) Definitions.--In this section--
''(1) the term 'covered account'--
''(A) means a demand deposit, savings deposit, or
other asset account (other than an occasional or
incidental credit balance in an open end credit plan as
defined in section 103(i)), as described in regulations
of the Bureau, established primarily for personal,
family, or household purposes, including demand
accounts, time accounts, negotiable order of withdrawal
accounts, and share draft accounts; and
''(B) does not include an account held by a
financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust
agreement;
''(2) the term 'covered dispute' means a dispute that is
not subject to a final judgment by a court; and
''(3) the term 'predispute arbitration agreement' means any
agreement between a financial institution and a consumer
providing for arbitration of any future dispute between the
parties.
''(b) Validity and Enforceability.--No predispute arbitration
agreement shall be valid or enforceable in a covered dispute that is
related to a covered account that was not issued in response to a
request or application for that covered account.
''(c) Applicability.--The applicability of this section to a
predispute arbitration agreement shall be determined by a State or
Federal court of competent jurisdiction.''.

SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in the amendments made by this Act shall be construed--
(1) to authorize the imposition of a requirement to submit
a dispute to arbitration; or
(2) to restrict any court from ruling that a requirement to
submit a dispute to arbitration is invalid or unenforceable.

Answer: Justice for Victims of Fraud Act of 2016 This bill amends the Truth in Lending Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to prohibit predispute arbitration agreements with consumers (i.e., agreements to arbitrate any future disputes between parties instead of pursuing the claims in court) from being valid or enforceable in disputes related to credit card accounts or personal bank accounts that are not subject to a final judgment by a court if the credit card or bank account was not issued in response to a request or application for that account. The bill excludes from this prohibition accounts held by a financial institution pursuant to a bona fide trust agreement.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''China Fair Trade Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. RECIPROCAL COMPETITIVE TRADE PRACTICES.

(a) In General.--Section 302(a)(2) of the Trade Agreements Act of
1979 (19 U.S.C. 2512(a)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
''(2) Exceptions.--
''(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply in
the case of procurements for which--
''(i) there are no offers of products or
services of the United States or of eligible
products; or
''(ii) the offers of products or services
of the United States or of eligible products
are insufficient to fulfill the requirements of
the United States Government.
''(B) Special rule with respect to the people's
republic of china.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in
the case of procurements of products or services of the
People's Republic of China.''.
(b) Waiver.--Section 302(b) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19
U.S.C. 2512(b)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
inserting '', except in the case of the People's Republic of China,''
before ''may''.

SEC. 3. REQUIREMENTS TO BUY CERTAIN ITEMS FROM AMERICAN SOURCES.

(a) Buy American Act.--
(1) American materials required for public use.--Section
2(a) of the Buy American Act (41 U.S.C. 10a(a)) is amended by
inserting after the second sentence the following: ''The
exceptions in the previous two sentences shall not apply with
respect to articles, materials, or supplies mined, produced, or
manufactured, as the case may be, in the People's Republic of
China until such time as China becomes a party to the Agreement
on Government Procurement (described in section 101(d)(17) of
the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(17)).''.
(2) Contract specifications.--Section 3(a) of the Buy
American Act (41 U.S.C. 10b(a)) is amended by striking
''exception.'' and inserting ''exception: Provided further,
That such an exception may not permit the use of articles,
materials, or supplies mined, produced, or manufactured, as the
case may be, in the People's Republic of China until such time
as China becomes a party to the Agreement on Government
Procurement (described in section 101(d)(17) of the Uruguay
Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(17)).''.
(3) Reports.--Section 2(b)(2)(A) of the Buy American Act
(41 U.S.C. 10a(b)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting before the
semicolon the following: ''and the country in which such
articles, materials, or supplies were manufactured''.
(b) Defense Contracts for Certain Articles.--Section 2533a of title
10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following
new subsection:
''(l) Inapplicability of Exceptions to Articles From the People's
Republic of China.--The exceptions to the requirement in subsection (a)
provided under subsections (c) through (h) shall not apply with respect
to items grown, reprocessed, reused, or produced in the People's
Republic of China until such time as China becomes a party to the
Agreement on Government Procurement (described in section 101(d)(17) of
the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(17)).''.
(c) Requirements To Use American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured
Goods Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.--
Section 1605 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
(Public Law 111-5; 123 Stat. 303) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
''(e) The exceptions in subsection (b) shall not apply with respect
to iron, steel, and manufactured goods from the People's Republic of
China until such time as China becomes a party to the Agreement on
Government Procurement (described in section 101(d)(17) of the Uruguay
Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(17)).''.

SEC. 4. REPORT ON PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days, the Secretary of Commerce
shall submit to Congress a report on the productive capacity of the
major industrial sectors in the People's Republic of China.
(b) Contents.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include
an assessment of any steps taken by the Government of the People's
Republic of China to develop, expand, retract, or otherwise alter the
productive capacity of the sectors identified in the report.

SEC. 5. REPORT ON SUBSIDIES PROVIDED BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY.

(a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with
other appropriate agencies, shall report to Congress regarding the
policies of the Government of the People's Republic of China with
respect to, and the subsidies provided by the People's Republic of
China for, the development and exportation of renewable energy products
and technologies. The report shall include an analysis of the impact of
the policies and subsidies on United States manufacturers of renewable
energy products and technologies.
(b) Definitions.--
(1) Renewable energy.--The term ''renewable energy'' means
energy generated by a renewable energy resource.
(2) Renewable energy product or technology.--The term
''renewable energy product or technology'' means any product,
technology, or component of a product used in the development
or production of renewable energy.
(3) Renewable energy resource.--The term ''renewable energy
resource'' means--
(A) solar, wind, ocean, tidal, hydrokinetic, or
geothermal energy;
(B) biofuel, biomass, or hydropower; or
(C) any other renewable energy resource, as
determined by the Secretary of Energy.

Answer:
China Fair Trade Act of 2010 - Amends the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 to provide that certain exceptions and waivers to the prohibition on the procurement of the products of a country that is not a party to the Agreement on Government Procurement shall not apply with respect to the procurements of products or services of the People's Republic of China.

Amends the Buy American Act to declare that certain exceptions to the Act requiring only U.S. materials be used for public use shall not apply to the procurement of Chinese made products until China becomes a party to the Agreement.

Declares that certain exceptions to Buy American requirements shall not apply to the procurement of Chinese products by the Department of Defense (DOD) until China becomes a party to such Agreement.

Amends the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to declare that certain exceptions to Buy American requirements under such Act shall not apply to the procurement of Chinese steel and products until China becomes a party to the Agreement.

Requires the Secretary of Commerce to report to Congress on the productive capacity of the major industrial sectors in China.

Directs the Secretary of Energy to report to Congress on: (1) Chinese policies and the subsidies China provides in the development and exportation of renewable energy products and technologies; and (2) the impact such policies and subsidies have on U.S. manufacturers of such products and technologies.