Problem: Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves - all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph. 1. Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956) Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery. Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous. Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein. He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart. 2. Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005) Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that _ was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid. But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting each morning - he indeed had gastritis. 3. Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011) This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer. Steinman knew he couldn't yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity. With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies. Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.
1. Do chemists usually use rats for their testing?
2. Who uses rats?
3. Who was Werner Forssmann?
4. when did he when the Nobel prize?
5. what did he study?
6. Which human did he want to perform an experiment on?
7. was he supposed to?
8. did he do it anyway?
9. what did he do to his arm?
10. then where did he go?
11. to do what?
12. Who was Ralph Steinman?
13. did he discover something?
14. what was it?
15. what disease did he think it could fight?
16. did he ever when the Nobel Prize?
17. when?
18. how did he die?
19. did he live longer than expected?
20. how much longer?
Answer: 1. yes
2. biologists and medical researchers
3. German scientist
4. 1956
5. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery.
6. himself
7. No
8. Yes
9. made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein
10. X-ray room
11. pushing the pipe all the way into his heart
12. Canadian scientist
13. a new type of immune system cell
14. the dendritic cell
15. cancer
16. yes
17. 2011
18. cancer
19. yes
20. four and a half years

Q: (CNN) -- Politicians make gaffes almost daily. Some they can overcome. Some are fodder for late-night comedians. Some are deadly to their campaigns. Republican congressman Todd Akin's recent gaffe was so toxic, he may not only have killed his campaign, he may be the political equivalent of a zombie who also infects the Romney/Ryan ticket with his deadly virus.

The American public is smarter than most political campaigns give us credit for. We may not be geniuses -- me included -- but we intuitively grasp when a politician has merely slipped up or when he or she has revealed something much more significant.

The first type of political gaffes are just that: mistakes. For example, when then-presidential candidate Barack Obama said he had campaigned in "57 states." Or when Rep. Michele Bachmann suggested that the American Revolution had started in New Hampshire.

These kinds of comments are generally overcome. The only time they're potentially fatal is if they occur with such frequency that they begin to define the politician. Note to Joe Biden: You are really getting close to achieving that feat.

Then there are the gaffes that are not gaffes at all. These reveal the candidate's views on an issue or a character flaw that we had not previously seen.

Rep. Todd Akin's notorious remark Sunday clearly falls into the second category.

Akin assessing candidacy with conservatives in Florida

His statement that a woman being raped could magically shut off her reproductive system and avoid becoming pregnant was so outrageous that even Mitt Romney quickly denounced him. (Surprising, because Romney failed to condemn Rush Limbaugh's despicable comments regarding Sandra Fluke, the law student whom Limbaugh called a "slut" on his radio show after she appeared before Congress to discuss contraception.) Akin's statement also brought national attention to his radical position that a woman who becomes pregnant from rape should be required to carry the baby to term.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who said something outrageous?
2. What did he say?
3. To what end?
4. Who distanced themselves from the comment?
5. Why was this unexpected?
6. What was that about?
7. On what media?
8. What did Akin's mistake bring to light?
9. Is he the fist person to make a public mistake?
10. Who else?
11. What did he say?
12. How many kinds of mistakes are there?
A: 1. Todd Akin
2. A woman being raped could magically shut off her reproductive system
3. To avoid becoming pregnant
4. Mitt Romney
5. He failed to condemn Rush Limbaugh's despicable comments
6. He called her a "slut"
7. Radio
8. His position that a woman who becomes pregnant from rape should be required to carry the baby to term.
9. No
10. Barrack Obama
11. He had campaigned in "57 states."
12. Two

Problem: One day, Harry bought a pet hamster name Tom. Tom was round and furry and had a funny smell. Harry loved it when Tom would climb up his arm and into his shirt sleeve. Every day before bed Harry would put Tom into his cage and every morning Harry would take Tom out of his cage and carry him around in his front shirt pocket during the day. Harry would carry Tom everywhere he went. Harry's favorite thing to do was to watch Tom run around in his exercise wheel.

Then one day Harry woke and to find that Tom was not in his cage. Tom had gone missing! This made Harry very upset. He looked everywhere for Tom, wondering where he could have disappeared to. Harry called his friends John, Rodney, and Bruno to ask if they knew where Tom was. They said that they didn't know. So Tom asked them if they would help him look for Tom. Only John and Bruno said "yes". to help Harry. After looking for Tom for two hours Bruno found Tom inside an old sock behind Harry's desk. No one knew how he got there.
1. What did Harry buy?
2. What was it's name?
3. How did he look?
4. what was his scent like?
5. What did the animal do that Harry enjoyed?
6. What would he do before he went to sleep?
7. and what about when he awoke?
8. where would he put him?
9. And would he leave him there all day?
10. What did Harry like watching?
11. What happened when Harry awoke one day?
12. How did this make him feel?
13. Where did he look for him at?
14. Who did Harry call to assist in finding the animal?
15. what were their names?
16. who did not agree to help?
17. How long did they look for?
18. Where was he found?
Answer:
1. a hamster
2. Tom
3. round and furry
4. funny
5. climb up his arm and into his shirt sleeve
6. put Tom into his cage
7. take Tom out of his cage
8. his front shirt pocket
9. yes
10. Tom run around in his exercise wheel
11. Tom was missing
12. very upset
13. everywhere
14. his friends
15. John, Rodney, and Bruno
16. Rodney
17. two hours
18. behind Harry's desk