input: The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 defines generalized markup:

Generalized markup is based on two postulates:

HTML was theoretically an example of an SGML-based language until HTML 5, which admits that browsers cannot parse it as SGML (for compatibility reasons) and codifies exactly what they must do instead.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are better examples, as they were used almost exclusively with actual SGML tools.

SGML is an ISO standard: "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing Text and office systems Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", of which there are three versions:

SGML is part of a trio of enabling ISO standards for electronic documents developed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 34 Document description and processing languages) :

SGML is supported by various technical reports, in particular

SGML descended from IBM's Generalized Markup Language (GML), which Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie developed in the 1960s. Goldfarb, editor of the international standard, coined the "GML" term using their surname initials. Goldfarb also wrote the definitive work on SGML syntax in "The SGML Handbook". The syntax of SGML is closer to the COCOA format. As a document markup language, SGML was originally designed to enable the sharing of machine-readable large-project documents in government, law, and industry. Many such documents must remain readable for several decadesa long time in the information technology field. SGML also was extensively applied by the military, and the aerospace, technical reference, and industrial publishing industries. The advent of the XML profile has made SGML suitable for widespread application for small-scale, general-purpose use. 1. What does SGML stand for?
2. What's it used for
3. what is an exclusive tool?
4. and?
5. Who was it applied by?
6. who else?
7. and?
8. What came before SGML?
9. who developed it?
10. and?
11. and the third? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. Standard Generalized Markup Language
2. defining generalized markup languages
3. DocBook SGML
4. LinuxDoc
5. the military
6. the aerospace industry
7. Also the technical reference industry
8. GML
9. Charles Goldfarb
10. Edward Mosher
11. Raymond Lorie

input: Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.

All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particlesusually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter. 1. What did the term matter include prior to the 20th century?
2. And excluded?
3. What does science consider these particles to be?
4. What is a type of massless particle?
5. Is it matter?
6. What is one example of fundamental particles?
7. What's another?
8. What are they considered?
9. What is the term matter loosely used to refer to?
10. What is the effective size of point particles? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. ordinary matter composed of atoms
2. other energy phenomena
3. massless particles
4. photons
5. no
6. leptons
7. quarks
8. they are considered "point particles"
9. composite particles
10. no size or volume.

input: Chapter 15: The Pirates' Hold.

Sivagi, the founder of the Mahratta Empire, had, in 1662, seized and fortified Yijiyadrug; or, as the English call it, Gheriah, a town at the mouth of the river Kanui, one hundred and seventy miles south of Bombay; and also the island of Suwarndrug, about half way between Gheriah and Bombay. Here he established a piratical fleet. Fifty years later, Kanhagi Angria, the commander of the Mahratta fleet, broke off this connection with the successors of Sivagi, and set up as a pirate on his own account. Kanhagi not only plundered the native vessels, but boldly preyed upon the commerce of the European settlements. The ships of the East India Company, the French Company, and the Dutch were frequently captured by these pirates.

Tulagi Angria, who succeeded his father, was even bolder and more successful; and when the man-of-war brig, the Restoration, with twenty guns and two hundred men, was fitted out to attack him, he defeated and captured her. After this, he attacked and captured the French man-of-war Jupitre, with forty guns; and had even the insolence to assail an English convoy guarded by two men-of-war; the Vigilant, of sixty-four guns, and the Ruby, of fifty.

The Dutch, in 1735, sent a fleet of seven ships of war, two bomb vessels, and a strong body of troops against Gheriah. The attack was, however, repulsed with considerable loss. From that date the pirates grew bolder and bolder, and were a perfect scourge to the commerce of Western India. 1. Who seized and fortified Yijiyadrug?
2. what kind of fleet did he establish?
3. who preyed apon the commerve of European settlements?
4. In 1734 who was it that sent ships of war as well as other troops against Gheriah?
5. Where was Gheriah located?
6. How far south was it from Bombay?
7. Who's ships did the pirates often capture?
8. What Empire did Sivagi found?
9. How was Tulagi Angria in comparance with his father when it came to piratry?
10. Was he notable for capturing any ships?
11. Can you name any?
12. Were the dutch sucessful in their attack of Gheriah?
13. Was the Dutch loss encouraging to the pirates?
14. Who broke off their conection with the successors of Savagi Return numbered answers in your output.

output:
1. Sivagi
2. a piratical fleet
3. Kanhagi
4. The Dutch
5. at the mouth of the river Kanui
6. one hundred and seventy miles
7. The ships of the East India Company, the French Company, and the Dutch
8. the Mahratta Empire
9. he was even bolder and more successful
10. yes
11. the Vigilant
12. no
13. yes
14. Kanhagi Angria