In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Landowners Equal Treatment Act of
1999''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The Secretary of the Interior, through the United
States Fish and Wildlife Service, recently demanded and
received compensation for the loss of use of federally owned
property resulting from constructive use of the property for
other public purposes, in an amount of approximately
$26,000,000.
(2) The Secretary of Transportation has promulgated a
regulation allowing for compensation of Federal agencies for
the lost use of agency property for public purposes, through a
definition of the term ''constructive use'' that includes off-
site impacts of Federal agency actions on federally owned
property.
(3) The Federal Government enjoys no right under the
Constitution to compensation for use of Federal agency property
for other public purposes, while the rights of private persons
to be compensated for the taking of their property by the
Government for a public purpose is a fundamental right
protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
Constitution.
(4) Private property owners should be compensated in a
manner that is at least as equitable as the compensation
afforded to Federal agencies when their property is used or
constructively used for other public purposes.
(5) Fair and equitable treatment of private property owners
will increase the willingness of private property owners to
provide habitat for wildlife and plants protected under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to increase the efforts of
private property owners to protect and restore habitat for wildlife, by
ensuring that their constitutional and legal property rights will be
honored, respected, and protected in the implementation of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973.

SEC. 3. MINIMIZING IMPACTS ON PRIVATE PROPERTY.

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''minimizing impacts on private property

''Sec. 19. (a) In General.--In implementing this Act, the head of
an agency shall make every possible effort to avoid, minimize, or
mitigate impacts on non-Federal property that result in Federal use of
the property as a direct result of the action of the agency head under
this Act or in furtherance of the purposes of this Act. An agency shall
not take action that results in a Federal use of non-Federal property
under this Act unless the agency--
''(1) obtains the written permission of its owner;
''(2) negotiates a voluntary agreement authorizing that
use; or
''(3) pays compensation in accordance with this section.
''(b) Compensation for Federal Use of Non-Federal Property.--An
agency that takes action under this Act or in furtherance of the
purposes of this Act that results in a Federal use of non-Federal
property or any portion of non-Federal property without the written
consent of the owner of the property shall compensate the owner for the
fair market value of the Federal use of the property or portion.
Compensation paid shall reflect the duration of the Federal use as
necessary to achieve the purposes of this Act.
''(c) Request of Owner.--An owner of non-Federal property seeking
compensation under this section shall make a written request for
compensation to the agency implementing the agency action resulting in
the Federal use of property. The request shall, at a minimum, identify
the affected portion of the property, the nature of the Federal use of
non-Federal property for which the compensation is sought, and the
amount of compensation sought.
''(d) Negotiations.--The agency may negotiate with the owner to
reach agreement on the amount of the compensation under this section,
the terms of any agreement for payment, and the terms of any Federal
use of non-Federal property for which compensation is paid. If such an
agreement is reached, the agency shall within 6 months pay the owner
the amount agreed upon. An agreement under this section may include a
transfer of title or an agreement to limit the period of time of the
Federal use of non-Federal property.
''(e) Choice of Remedies.--If, not later than 180 days after the
written request is made, the parties have not reached an agreement on
compensation, the owner of the property may elect binding arbitration
or seek compensation due under this section in a civil action.
''(f) Arbitration.--The procedures that govern the arbitration
shall, as nearly as practicable, be those established under title 9,
United States Code, for arbitration proceedings to which that title
applies. An award made in such arbitration shall include a reasonable
attorney's fee and other arbitration costs, including appraisal fees.
The agency shall promptly pay any award made to the owner.
''(g) Civil Actions.--A civil action to enforce this section may be
filed under section 11(g). An owner who prevails in a civil action
against the agency pursuant to this section shall be entitled to, and
the agency shall be liable for, the amount of compensation awarded plus
reasonable attorney's fees and other litigation costs, including
appraisal fees. The court shall award interest on the amount of any
compensation from the time of the Federal use of non-Federal property.
''(h) Source of Payments.--Any payment made under this section to
an owner of property and any judgment obtained by an owner of property
in a civil action under this section shall, notwithstanding any other
provision of law, be made from the annual appropriation of the agency
that took the agency action giving rise to the payment or civil action.
If the agency action resulted from a requirement imposed by another
agency, then the agency making the payment or satisfying the judgment
may seek partial or complete reimbursement from the appropriated funds
of the other agency. For this purpose, the head of the agency concerned
may transfer or reprogram any appropriated funds available to the
agency. If insufficient funds exist for the payment or to satisfy the
judgment, it shall be the duty of the head of the agency to seek the
appropriation of such funds for the next fiscal year.
''(i) Availability of Appropriations.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, any obligation of the United States to make any
payment under this section shall be subject to the availability of
appropriations.
''(j) Duty of Notice to Owners.--An agency may not take any action
that is a Federal use of non-Federal property unless the agency has
given 30 days notice to each owner of the property directly affected
explaining their rights under this section and either obtaining their
permission for the Federal use or providing the procedures for
obtaining any compensation that may be available under this section.
''(k) Rules of Construction.--The following rules of construction
shall apply to this Act:
''(1) Other rights preserved.--Nothing in this Act shall be
construed to limit any right to compensation that exists under
the Constitution or under other laws.
''(2) Extent of federal authority.--Payment of compensation
under this section (other than when property is bought by the
Federal Government at the option of the owner) shall not confer
any rights on the Federal Government other than the Federal use
of non-Federal property agreed to so that the agency action may
achieve the species conservation purposes of this Act.
''(l) Definitions.--For the purposes of this section:
''(1) Agency.--The term 'agency' has the meaning given that
term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
''(2) Federal use.--(A) The term 'Federal use' means--
''(i) any action under this Act to--
''(I) permanently incorporate non-Federal
property into a Federal facility;
''(II) place non-Federal property under the
control of the Secretary; or
''(III) temporarily occupy non-Federal
property in a manner that is adverse to the
constitutional right of the owner of the
property against taking of the property by the
Federal Government; and
''(ii) any constructive use of non-Federal
property.
''(B) In this paragraph the term 'constructive use' means
any action described in subparagraph (C) taken under this Act
that results in--
''(i) substantial diminution in the normal or
reasonably expected uses of non-Federal property;
''(ii) a reduction in the fair market value of non-
Federal property of 25 percent or more; or
''(iii) in the case of the right to receive water,
any diminution in the quantity of water received or
available for use.
''(C) The actions referred to in subparagraph (B) are the
following:
''(i) The imposition or enforcement of a
prohibition of use of non-Federal property the purpose
of which is to provide or retain habitat for any
species of wildlife or plant determined to be an
endangered species or threatened species.
''(ii) A designation of non-Federal property as
critical habitat under this Act.
''(iii) The denial of a permit under section 10
that results in the loss of the ability to use non-
Federal property in order to provide habitat for
wildlife or plants.
''(iv) An agency action pursuant to a reasonable
and prudent alternative suggested by the Secretary
under section 7, that would cause an agency to restrict
the use of non-Federal property.
''(v) The imposition by any governmental entity of
a limitation or restriction on an otherwise permissible
use of non-Federal property by the owner of the
property, as a condition of a Federal agency providing
any land, money, permit, or other benefit to the
governmental entity, if imposition of the limitation or
restriction by the agency directly would constitute a
Federal use of non-Federal property under the other
provisions of this paragraph, unless the governmental
entity has some other legal basis for imposing the
limitation or restriction.
''(3) Fair market value.--The term 'fair market value'
means the most probable price at which property or a right to
use property would change hands, in a competitive and open
market under all conditions requisite to fair sale, between a
willing buyer and willing seller, neither being under any
compulsion to buy or sell and both having reasonable knowledge
of relevant facts, and without regard to the presence of any
species protected under this Act. With respect to a right to
use property, fair market value shall be determined on or
immediately before the exercise of the right.
''(4) Law of the state.--The term 'law of the State'
includes the law of a political subdivision of a State.
''(5) Non-federal property.--The term 'non-Federal
property' means property which is owned by a person other than
any Federal entity of government.
''(6) Property.--The term 'property' means land, an
interest in land, the right to use or receive water, and any
personal property, as defined under the law of the State.''.

Output: Landowners Equal Treatment Act of 1999 - Amends the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to require the head of an agency to make every possible effort to avoid, minimize, or mitigate impacts on non-Federal property that result from Federal use of the property (including constructive use) as a direct result of an agency action under such Act (including actions to provide or retain habitat for endangered or threatened species or to designate non-Federal property as critical habitat). Prohibits an agency from taking action under such Act that results in a Federal use of non-Federal property unless it: (1) obtains the landowner's permission; (2) negotiates a voluntary agreement authorizing such use; or (3) compensates the landowner for the fair market value of the Federal use. Sets forth provisions governing landowner requests for compensation, compensation negotiations, arbitration or civil actions to resolve compensation disagreements, and payment of compensation from an agency's annual appropriations.
Prohibits an agency from taking any action that is a Federal use of non-Federal property unless it has given 30 days notice to each property owner directly affected explaining their rights and either obtaining their permission or providing procedures for obtaining compensation.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Essential Air Service Modernization
Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION.

Section 41742(a)(2) is amended by striking ''$15,000,000'' and
inserting ''$75,000,000''.

SEC. 3. TERMINATION NOTICE.

Section 41733 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
at the end the following--
''(f) Termination Notice.--If the Secretary decides to terminate
basic essential service to an eligible place, the Secretary shall
notify the affected community not less than 90 days before such service
is to be terminated.''.

SEC. 4. JOINT PROPOSALS.

(a) In General.--Section 41740 of title 49, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following: ''The Secretary shall
facilitate and assist in establishing negotiations between major and
national air carriers and air carriers that provide essential air
service to an eligible place in order to determine equitable joint
fares.''.
(b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after enactment of this Act,
the Secretary shall transmit a report to Congress regarding the
progress and effectiveness of implementation of the amendment made by
subsection (a).

SEC. 5. COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL CHOICE PROGRAM.

(a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 417 of title 49, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 41745. Community and regional choice program
''(a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall
establish an alternate essential air service program in accordance with
the requirements of this section.
''(b) Compensation to Eligible Places.--In carrying out the
program, the Secretary, instead of paying compensation to an air
carrier to provide essential air service to an eligible place, may pay
compensation directly to a unit of local government having jurisdiction
over the eligible place or a State within the boundaries of which the
eligible place is located.
''(c) Use of Compensation.--A unit of local government or State
receiving compensation for an eligible place under the program shall
use the compensation for any of the following purposes:
''(1) To provide assistance to an air carrier to provide
scheduled air service to and from the eligible place, without
being subject to the requirements of 41732(b).
''(2) To provide assistance to a person to provide
scheduled or on-demand air taxi service to and from the
eligible place and a non-hub or a small, medium, or large hub.
''(3) To provide assistance to a person to provide
scheduled or on-demand surface transportation to and from the
eligible place and a non-hub or a small, medium, or large hub.
''(4) In combination with other units of local government
in the same region, to provide transportation services to and
from all the eligible places in that region at an airport or
other transportation center that can serve all the eligible
places in that region.
''(d) Applications.--
''(1) In general.--A unit of local government or State
seeking to participate in the program for an eligible place
shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form and
containing such information as the Secretary may require.
''(2) Required information.--At a minimum, the application
shall include--
''(A) a statement of the amount of compensation
required; and
''(B) a description of how the compensation will be
used.
''(e) Participation Requirements.--An eligible place for which
compensation is received under the program in a fiscal year shall not
be eligible to receive in that fiscal year the essential air service
that it would otherwise be entitled to under this subchapter.
''(f) Subsequent Participation.--A unit of local government
participating in the program under this section in a fiscal year shall
not be prohibited from participating in the basic essential air service
program under this chapter in a subsequent fiscal year if such unit is
otherwise eligible to participate in such basic program.
''(g) Funding.--Amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to
carry out the essential air service program under this subchapter shall
be available to carry out this section.
''Sec. 41746. Compensation for units of local government
''Of the amounts made available under section 41742(a) the
Secretary shall pay directly to a unit of local government having
jurisdiction over the eligible place not less than $5,000 for such
fiscal year to promote public use of the air service or transportation
for which compensation is being paid.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for such chapter is amended
by inserting after the item relating to section 41744 the following:

''41745. Community and regional choice program.
''41746. Compensation for units of local government.''.

Output: Essential Air Service Modernization Act of 2003 - Increases the authorization of appropriations to carry out the essential air service program.

Requires the Secretary to: (1) notify an affected community at least 90 days before the basic essential service to that community is terminated: (2) facilitate and assist in negotiations between major and national air carriers and carriers that provide essential air service in order to determine equitable joint fares; (3) establish an alternate essential air service program which would provide compensation directly to local governments, instead of to air carriers, to use to obtain air service, to obtain surface transportation to and from air hubs, or to participate with other local governments in providing regional transportation services to airports; and (4) pay $5,000 to local governments to promote public use of air service or transportation for which compensation is received under the program.

Input: Consider Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Troops to Nurse Teachers Act of
2008''.

SEC. 2. PROGRAMS TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF NURSES WITHIN THE ARMED
FORCES.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Defense may provide for the
carrying out of each of the programs described in subsections (b)
through (f).
(b) Service of Nurse Officers as Faculty in Exchange for Commitment
to Additional Service in the Armed Forces.--
(1) In general.--One of the programs under this section may
be a program in which covered commissioned officers with a
graduate degree in nursing or a related field who are in the
nurse corps of the Armed Force concerned serve a tour of duty
of two years as a full-time faculty member of an accredited
school of nursing.
(2) Covered officers.--A commissioned officer of the nurse
corps of the Armed Forces described in this paragraph is a
nurse officer on active duty who has served for more than nine
years on active duty in the Armed Forces as an officer of the
nurse corps at the time of the commencement of the tour of duty
described in paragraph (1).
(3) Benefits and privileges.--An officer serving on the
faculty of an accredited school or nursing under this
subsection shall be accorded all the benefits, privileges, and
responsibilities (other than compensation and compensation-
related benefits) of any other comparably situated individual
serving a full-time faculty member of such school.
(4) Agreement for additional service.--Each officer who
serves a tour of duty on the faculty of a school of nursing
under this subsection shall enter into an agreement with the
Secretary to serve upon the completion of such tour of duty for
a period of four years for such tour of duty as a member of the
nurse corps of the Armed Force concerned. Any service agreed to
by an officer under this paragraph is in addition to any other
service required of the officer under law.
(c) Service of Nurse Officers as Faculty in Exchange for
Scholarships for Nurse Officer Candidates.--
(1) In general.--One of the programs under this section may
be a program in which commissioned officers with a graduate
degree in nursing or a related field who are in the nurse corps
of the Armed Force concerned serve while on active duty a tour
of duty of two years as a full-time faculty member of an
accredited school of nursing.
(2) Benefits and privileges.--An officer serving on the
faculty of an accredited school of nursing under this
subsection shall be accorded all the benefits, privileges, and
responsibilities (other than compensation and compensation-
related benefits) of any other comparably situated individual
serving as a full-time faculty member of such school.
(3) Scholarships for nurse officer candidates.--(A) Each
accredited school of nursing at which an officer serves on the
faculty under this subsection shall provide scholarships to
individuals undertaking an educational program at such school
leading to a degree in nursing who agree, upon completion of
such program, to accept a commission as an officer in the nurse
corps of the Armed Forces.
(B) The total amount of funds made available for
scholarships by an accredited school of nursing under
subparagraph (A) for each officer serving on the faculty of
that school under this subsection shall be not less than the
amount equal to an entry-level full-time faculty member of that
school for each year that such officer so serves on the faculty
of that school.
(C) The total number of scholarships provided by an
accredited school of nursing under subparagraph (A) for each
officer serving on the faculty of that school under this
subsection shall be such number as the Secretary of Defense
shall specify for purposes of this subsection.
(d) Scholarships for Certain Nurse Officers for Education as
Nurses.--
(1) In general.--One of the programs under this section may
be a program in which the Secretary provides scholarships to
commissioned officers of the nurse corps of the Armed Force
concerned described in paragraph (2) who enter into an
agreement described in paragraph (4) for the participation of
such officers in an educational program of an accredited school
of nursing leading to a graduate degree in nursing.
(2) Covered nurse officers.--A commissioned officer of the
nurse corps of the Armed Forces described in this paragraph is
a nurse officer who has served not less than 20 years on active
duty in the Armed Forces and is otherwise eligible for
retirement from the Armed Forces.
(3) Scope of scholarships.--Amounts in a scholarship
provided a nurse officer under this subsection may be utilized
by the officer to pay the costs of tuition, fees, and other
educational expenses of the officer in participating in an
educational program described in paragraph (1).
(4) Agreement.--An agreement of a nurse officer described
in this paragraph is the agreement of the officer--
(A) to participate in an educational program
described in paragraph (1); and
(B) upon graduation from such educational program--
(i) to serve not less than two years as a
full-time faculty member of an accredited
school of nursing; and
(ii) to undertake such activities as the
Secretary considers appropriate to encourage
current and prospective nurses to pursue
service in the nurse corps of the Armed Forces.
(e) Transition Assistance for Retiring Nurse Officers Qualified as
Faculty.--
(1) In general.--One of the programs under this section may
be a program in which the Secretary provides to commissioned
officers of the nurse corps of the Armed Force concerned
described in paragraph (2) the assistance described in
paragraph (3) to assist such officers in obtaining and
fulfilling positions as full-time faculty members of an
accredited school of nursing after retirement from the Armed
Forces.
(2) Covered nurse officers.--A commissioned officer of the
nurse corps of the Armed Forces described in this paragraph is
a nurse officer who--
(A) has served an aggregate of at least 20 years on
active duty or in reserve active status in the Armed
Forces;
(B) is eligible for retirement from the Armed
Forces; and
(C) possesses a doctoral or master degree in
nursing or a related field which qualifies the nurse
officer to discharge the position of nurse instructor
at an accredited school of nursing.
(3) Assistance.--The assistance described in this paragraph
is assistance as follows:
(A) Career placement assistance.
(B) Continuing education.
(C) Stipends (in an amount specified by the
Secretary).
(4) Agreement.--A nurse officer provided assistance under
this subsection shall enter into an agreement with the
Secretary to serve as a full-time faculty member of an
accredited school of nursing for such period as the Secretary
shall provide in the agreement.
(f) Benefits for Retired Nurse Officers Accepting Appointment as
Faculty.--
(1) In general.--One of the programs under this section may
be a program in which the Secretary provides to any individual
described in paragraph (2) the benefits specified in paragraph
(3).
(2) Covered individuals.--An individual described in this
paragraph is an individual who--
(A) is retired from the Armed Forces after service
as a commissioned officer in the nurse corps of the
Armed Forces;
(B) holds a graduate degree in nursing; and
(C) serves as a full-time faculty member of an
accredited school of nursing.
(3) Benefits.--The benefits specified in this paragraph
shall include the following:
(A) Payment of retired or retirement pay without
reduction based on receipt of pay or other compensation
from the institution of higher education concerned.
(B) Payment by the institution of higher education
concerned of a salary and other compensation to which
other similarly situated faculty members of the
institution of higher education would be entitled.
(C) If the amount of pay and other compensation
payable by the institution of higher education
concerned for service as an associate full-time faculty
member is less than the basic pay to which the
individual was entitled immediately before retirement
from the Armed Forces, payment of an amount equal to
the difference between such basic pay and such payment
and other compensation.
(g) Administration and Duration of Programs.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish requirements
and procedures for the administration of the programs
authorized by this section. Such requirements and procedures
shall include procedures for selecting participating schools of
nursing.
(2) Duration.--Any program carried out under this section
shall continue for not less than two years.
(3) Assessment.--Not later than two years after commencing
any program under this section, the Secretary shall assess the
results of such program and determine whether or not to
continue such program. The assessment of any program shall be
based on measurable criteria, information concerning results,
and such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(4) Continuation.--The Secretary may continue carrying out
any program under this section that the Secretary determines,
pursuant to an assessment under paragraph (3), to continue to
carry out. In continuing to carry out a program, the Secretary
may modify the terms of the program within the scope of this
section. The continuation of any program may include its
expansion to include additional participating schools of
nursing.
(h) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ''school of nursing''
and ''accredited'' have the meaning given those terms in section 801 of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296).
Output: Troops to Nurse Teachers Act of 2008 - Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to carry out programs under which commissioned officers of the nurse corps: (1) serve as full-time faculty of accredited schools of nursing in exchange for additional service or in exchange for scholarships provided by the school to those accepting commissions in the nurse corps; (2) receive scholarships leading to a graduate degree in nursing in exchange for service as nursing school faculty and to undertake activities to encourage nurses to serve in the Armed Forces nurse corps; (3) receive nursing faculty career placement and continuing education assistance if they are retirement-eligible and have graduate degrees qualifying them as nurse instructors; or (4) receive, while serving after retirement as faculty at a nursing school, retired pay without reduction and a pay differential to ensure that compensation for faculty member service will not be less than the basic pay received before retirement.

Requires: (1) any program established under this Act to last at least two years; and (2) the Secretary to assess each program to determine if it should be continued.