input: OPTIONS:
- convergence effect
- limitation effect
- extinction effect
- bottleneck effect Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bottleneck effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller. This might happen because of a natural disaster such as a forest fire. By chance, allele frequencies of the survivors may be different from those of the original population. Q: What effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller, due to natural disaster or other cause? A:
A:
output: bottleneck effect

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Second, plant cells have a cell wall , while animal cells do not ( Figure below ). The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane but does not keep substances from entering or leaving the cell. A cell wall gives the plant cell strength and protection. Q: What gives the plant cell strength and protection? A:

OPTIONS:
- the protons
- the cell nucleus
- the genes
- a cell wall

Answer: a cell wall

Problem: OPTIONS:
- four
- two
- one
- three
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Their nervous system is also rather complex, allowing them to interact with each other and their environment. Amphibians have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals. Other sense organs include eyes and ears. Of all amphibians, frogs generally have the best vision and hearing. Frogs also have a larynx , or voice box, to make sounds. Q: How many chambers does an amphibian heart have? A:
Answer: three

Problem:OPTIONS:
- stress
- work
- temperature
- friction

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mechanical advantage of a simple machine such as a pulley is the factor by which the machine changes the force applied to it. The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine is its mechanical advantage in the absence of friction. All machines must overcome friction, so the ideal mechanical advantage is always somewhat greater than the actual mechanical advantage of the machine as it is used in the real world. Q: What is something that all machines must overcome? A:
****
A: friction

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Eukaryotic cells have many specific functions, so it can be said that a cell is like a factory. A factory has many machines and people, and each has a specific role. Just like a factory, the cell is made up of many different parts. Each part has a special role. The different parts of the cell are called organelles , which means "small organs. " All organelles are found in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are "simpler" than eukaryotic cells. Though prokaryotic cells still have many functions, they are not as specialized as eukaryotic cells, lacking membrane-bound organelles. Thus, most organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells. Q: In which type of cells are most organelles not found? A:
OPTIONS:
- endoplasmic cells
- eukaryotic cells
- heterogeneous cells
- prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Red blood cells are flat, round, and very small. Their small size allows easy maneuverability through the capillaries, the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells. Q: What are the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- arteries
- muscles
- viens
- capillaries

Answer:
capillaries