During a unit on probability, a teacher surveys her class asking her students two questions. The first question was whether they prefer dogs or cats, and the second question was whether they movies or video games. Of the 30 students in her class, 50% chose dogs and video games as their two answers, while 10% chose dogs and movies as their two answers. In total, how many students in this teacher's class prefer dogs over cats?
Let's think: The 50% of the class that chose dogs and video games amounts to 30 * 0.5 = 15 students who prefer dogs over cats. Similarly, the 10% that chose dogs and movies amount to 30 * 0.1 = 3 students who prefer dogs over cats. Because these are the only two ways that a student could indicate their preference for dogs, and because these groups do not overlap, a total of 15 + 3 = 18 students favor dogs over cats in this teacher's class.. The answer is: 18.

Jeff committed to run for an hour a day during weekdays. On Thursday, he cut short his run by 20 minutes but was able to jog 10 minutes more on Friday. How many minutes was he able to run for that week?
Let's think: Jeff was able to run a total of 60 x 3 = 180 minutes from Monday to Wednesday. On Thursday, Jeff ran for 60 - 20 = 40 minutes only. On Friday, he ran for 60 + 10 = 70 minutes. Therefore, Jeff ran a total of 180 + 40 + 70 = 290 minutes.. The answer is: 290.

A bag full of sugar weighs 16 kg. A bag full of salt weighs 30 kg. If you remove 4 kg from the combined weight of these two bags, how much do the bags now weigh?
Let's think: The bags together weigh 16 + 30 = 46 kg. Removing the 4 kg, the bags will weigh 46 - 4 = 42 kg.. The answer is: 42.

Fabian is shopping at a nearby supermarket. He wants to buy 5 kilograms of apples, 3 packs of sugar, and 500 grams of walnuts. One kilogram of apples costs $2, and one kilogram of walnuts costs $6. One pack of sugar is $1 cheaper than one kilogram of apples. How much Fabian needs to pay for the items he wants to buy?
Let's think:
The apples cost Fabian 5 kg * $2 / kg = $10. For the walnuts Fabian needs to pay 0.5 kg * $6 = $3. One pack of sugar costs $2 - $1 = $1. So Fabian will pay $1 / pack * 3 = $3 for sugar. In total, Fabian needs to pay $10 + $3 + $3 = $16.. The answer is: 16.