instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
Late in his reign, this king put down revolts led by Ashina of Elam and Nidintu-Bel of Babylon. Other rebellions during his rule include one caused by his brother Artaphernes's response to a request for help from Naxos, leading to an uprising by Aristagoras of Miletus. This man also defeated the Margian leader Frada, as well as a usurper called Gaumata who may have impersonated his brother Bardiya. Those feats are recorded in the trilingual Behistun Inscription, and as king, this man notably succeeded the conqueror of Egypt, Cambyses II. He is best known, however, for ordering an invasion that ended with a decisive defeat by the general Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon. For 10 points, identify this Persian ruler, the father of Xerxes I.
answer:
History

question:
This philosopher advocated the adoption of a federal system in Considerations on the Government of Poland. He contrasted the natural and physical types of the title concept in his Discourse on Inequality. He also wrote an epistolary novel subtitled The New Heloise, and a treatise dealing with the education of the titular boy, Emile. His most famous work discusses a society controlled by the general will of its people and asserts that man is born free, but is everywhere in chains. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.
answer:
Social Science

question:
A 2002 paper by Gu, Peng, Harge, Smalley, and Margrave described the addition of atoms of this element to carbon nanotubes followed by pyrolysis of the nanotubes in order to cut them into roughly fifty nm lengths. An isotope of this element is used in a namesake form of NMR due to its lack of a nuclear Overhauser effect and high magnetogyric ratio, while the Gauche effect can be seen in compounds with two of this element attached to adjacent carbons. This element is found in the molten flux used in the Hall-Heroult process, cryolite. Perhaps the best known compound of this element is created by reacting chloroform with molecules of this element bonded to tin and hydrogen, then mixing the result with steam at nine hundred and fifty degrees Celsius to eliminate the hydrochloric acid. FTP, name this element which is found in Teflon.
answer:
Science