Q: When atoms gain or lose electrons, what is formed? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: As we saw in the previous chapter, ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. If an atom loses one or more electrons, the resulting ion has a positive charge (more protons are present than electrons). If the atom gains one or more electrons, the resulting ion has a negative charge (more electrons are present than protons). Positive ions are called cations, and negative ions are called anions. Because opposite charges attract one another, cations and anions are held together by strong electromagnetic forces. An ionic compound consists of a large three-dimensional array of alternating cations and anions. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is composed of Na + and Cl - ions arranged into a structure like the one shown in Figure below . Choices: - crystals - molecules - gas - ions A:
ions

(Question)
Q: A form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere is known as? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: A fullerene (also called a Bucky ball) is a form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere resembling a soccer ball (see Figure below ). Each sphere contains 60 carbon atoms, and each carbon atom is bonded to three others by single covalent bonds. The bonds are relatively weak, so fullerenes can dissolve and form solutions. Fullerenes were first discovered in 1985 and have been found in soot and meteorites. Possible commercial uses of fullerenes are under investigation. Choices: - chondrite - amines - analyte - fullerene A:
(Answer)
fullerene

Ques: Q: What is the special name given to the diffusion of water through the cell membrane? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: If a molecule can pass freely through a cell membrane, it will cross the membrane by diffusion ( Figure below ). The inside of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic, so certain molecules cannot easily pass through the membrane. Recall the semipermeable nature of the lipid bilayer. Molecules that cannot easily pass through the bilayer include ions and small hydrophilic molecules, such as glucose, and macromolecules, including proteins and RNA. Examples of molecules that can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane include carbon dioxide and oxygen gas. These molecules diffuse freely in and out of the cell, along their concentration gradient. Though water is a polar molecule, it can also diffuse through the plasma membrane. The diffusion of water through the cell membrane is of such importance to the cell that it is given a special name, osmosis . Choices: - hemostasis - passive transport - electrolysis - osmosis A:
Ans: osmosis

(Q).
Q: What is the ratio of solutes in a solution to a volume of solvent in a solution known as? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Regulation of Water Intake Osmolality is the ratio of solutes in a solution to a volume of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality is thus the ratio of solutes to water in blood plasma. A person's plasma osmolality value reflects his or her state of hydration. A healthy body maintains plasma osmolality within a narrow range, by employing several mechanisms that regulate both water intake and output. Drinking water is considered voluntary. So how is water intake regulated by the body? Consider someone who is experiencing dehydration, a net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues. The water that leaves the body, as exhaled air, sweat, or urine, is ultimately extracted from blood plasma. As the blood becomes more concentrated, the thirst responsea sequence of physiological processesis triggered (Figure 26.10). Osmoreceptors are sensory receptors in the thirst center in the hypothalamus that monitor the concentration of solutes (osmolality) of the blood. If blood osmolality increases above its ideal value, the hypothalamus transmits signals that result in a conscious awareness of thirst. The person should (and normally does) respond by drinking water. The hypothalamus of a dehydrated person also releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) through the posterior pituitary gland. ADH signals the kidneys to recover water from urine, effectively diluting the blood plasma. To conserve water, the hypothalamus of a dehydrated person also sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system to the salivary glands in the mouth. The signals result in a decrease in watery, serous output (and an increase in stickier, thicker mucus output). These changes in secretions result in a "dry mouth" and the sensation of thirst. Choices: - equilibrium - molarity - molality - osmolality A:
(A).
osmolality

Ques:Q: Pressure and ________ are directly proportional at a constant volume? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at a constant volume. Choices: - heating - precipitation - speed - temperature A:

Ans:temperature

Q: What is a gap in rock layers called? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: An unconformity is a gap in rock layers. They occur where older rock layers eroded away completely before new rock layers were deposited. Choices: - a crevice - a mutation - an anomaly - an unconformity A:
an unconformity