TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Sections of this work discuss early Roman law and the Germanic wadium, while it begins with a quote from the Havamal, a portion of the Edda. This work extends the author's first work, a collaboration in which he analyzed analogous ideas in Hinduism and Judaism. Marilyn Strathern critiqued this book from a gender perspective, while Sahlins' article on the "The Spirit of [It]", claimed that its author may have misunderstood an idea called the hau, in which the souls of the people involved in the title ritual become intermingled. The author views the title concept as multivalentthat is, a situation where a single action stands for all of society, called a total prestation. Drawing from Malinowski's study of the kula ring and the institution of the potlatch, for 10 points, identify this sociological work about the titular exchange by Marcel Mauss.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: One of these compositions by George Rochberg includes a set of variations on Pachelbel's Canon in D, and Rochberg named his fourth through sixth works in the genre the "Concord" ones. The third movement of another piece for this ensemble explores what the composer called "dissonant dynamics," shaping a melody solely by changing the volume of various held pitches. That work is the best-known composition by Ruth Crawford Seeger. Irvine Arditti founded an ensemble of this type named after him, and another composition for this ensemble contains a Scherzo "alla bulgarese" flanked by two movements in its composer's (*) "night music" style. The performance of one of these pieces serves as the third scene of the opera Mittwoch aus Licht, and that piece requires that each of its performers be in a different helicopter. For 10 points, name this type of piece that might be performed by the Kronos, an example of which is Smetana's "From My Life."

SOLUTION:
Fine Arts