Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement.

Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize as "indirect" infringers the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.

1. who normally holds a copyright?
2. who else can hold one?
3. if you use a protected work without permission, what is it known as?
4. how are disputes usually resolved with respect to copyright infringement?
5. who has the right to reproduce work?
6. what measures do they take to prevent infringement of their work?
7. what happens to people who infringe in a big way?
8. has advanced technology made infringement more widespread?
9. do copyright industries focus more on individuals or more or indirect infringers?
10. are copyright cases sometimes litigated in civil court?

Numbered answers:
1. the work's creator
2. a publisher
3. Copyright infringement
4. direct negotiation
5. copyright holder
6. invoke legal and technological measures
7. prosecuted via the criminal justice system
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. Yes