*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus of each atom (and thus the identity of the element) remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons, and form electrically charged particles called ions (Figure 2.28). Q: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they can form electrically charged particles called what? Choices: - crystals - eons - toxins - ions A:
**Answer**
ions

*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Heats of reaction are typically measured in kilojoules. It is important to include the physical states of the reactants and products in a thermochemical equation as the value of the depends on those states. Q: What units are typically used to measure heats of reaction? Choices: - degrees Celsius - volts - kilobytes - kilojoules A:
**Answer**
kilojoules

*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 42.1 Innate Immune Response The innate immune system serves as a first responder to pathogenic threats that bypass natural physical and chemical barriers of the body. Using a combination of cellular and molecular attacks, the innate immune system identifies the nature of a pathogen and responds with inflammation, phagocytosis, cytokine release, destruction by NK cells, and/or a complement system. When innate mechanisms are insufficient to clear an infection, the adaptive immune response is informed and mobilized. Q: What serves as a first responder to pathogenic threats that bypass natural physical and chemical barriers of the body? Choices: - cells immune system - super immune system - immense immune system - innate immune system A:
**Answer**
innate immune system

*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Waves may reflect off an obstacle that they are unable to pass through. When waves are reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected waves interfere with the original waves and create standing waves . These are waves that appear to be standing still. Standing waves occur because of a combination of constructive and destructive interference. You can see animations of standing waves at the URLs below. Q: What do waves do when they are unable to pass through an object? Choices: - produce off - Roll over. - develop off - reflect off A:
**Answer**
reflect off