In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: having considered the present appeal in banc in order to clarify our precedents with respect to the scope of the government's navigational servitude, we now reverse the judgment of the claims court, overrule those portions of pitman and ballam which are inconsistent with the following opinion, and remand this case for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith.

A: overruling
****
Q: if the defendant is a natural person at least 18 years of age or emancipated by court order, by:

A: non-overruling
****
Q: 10 the restatement further views as irrelevant whether the mortgagee had actual or constructive notice of the intervening lien. according to the restatement, a mortgagee is entitled to subrogation provided that it reasonably expected to receive the security and priority of the lien it paid, and provided subrogation will not materially prejudice the rights of the intervening lien holders.

A:
non-overruling
****