question: Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), began his academic career in Lund by studying medicine and botany for a year before moving to Uppsala. He is known as the father of modern Taxonomy (biology), and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. Pehr Henrik Ling (1776-1839) is considered the prime developer of natural gymnastics, the father of Swedish massage, and one of the most important contributors to the development and spread of modern physical therapy. Carl Adolph Agardh (1787-1859) made important contributions to the study of algae and played an important role as a politician in raising educational standards in Sweden. Elias Magnus Fries (1794-1878) was a notable botanist who played a prominent role in the creation of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. Nils Alwall (1904-1986) was a pioneer in hemodialysis who constructed the first practical dialysis machine, commercialized by Gambro. Rune Elmqvist (1906-1996) was a physician and medical engineer who developed the first implantable Artificial cardiac pacemaker as well as the first inkjet ECG printer. Lars Leksell (1907-1986) was a notable neurosurgeon who was the father of radiosurgery and later the inventor of the Gamma Knife. Inge Edler (1911-2001) developed the Medical ultrasound in 1953, commonly known as echocardiography, together with Hellmuth Hertz, and was awarded the Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award in 1977. Sune Bergstrom (1916-2004) and Bengt Samuelsson (1934-) were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982 for "discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances". Arvid Carlsson (1923-) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for "discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" and is noted for having discovered the role of dopamine as an independent neurotransmitter.
Answer this question: How many of the scientists and physicians lived to be over 70 years old?
answer: 6

question: Hoping to increase their winning streak the Eagles flew to LP Field for an Interconference duel with the Titans. In the second quarter the Eagles took the lead with kicker David Akers making a 25-yard field goal. But they trailed when QB Kerry Collins completed a 26-yard TD pass to WR Kenny Britt. The Eagles replied with QB Kevin Kolb making a 5-yard TD pass to WR Riley Cooper, followed by kicker David Akers hitting a 46-yard field goal. In the third quarter the Eagles increased their lead with Akers making a 46-yard field goal. The Titans answered with kicker Rob Bironas nailing a 41-yard field goal, but the Eagles continued to score in the 4th with Akers hitting a 28-yard field goal. Eventually, they fell behind with Collins completing an 80-yard TD pass to Britt, followed by Bironas hitting a 38-yard field goal. Collins found Britt for the third time in the game on a 16-yard TD pass, and then Bironas made a 33-yard field goal. The Eagles had more problems when Kolb's pass was intercepted by CB Cortland Finnegan and returned 41 yards for a touchdown. With the loss, the Eagles went into their bye week at 4-3. Andy Reid announced that Michael Vick would regain the starting quarterback position after the bye week, effectively ending any quarterback controversy
Answer this question: How many times did Akers kick a field goal in the game?
answer: 4

question: Exceptions to this claimed general rule were the Lancastrian looting of Ludlow after the largely bloodless Yorkist defeat at Ludford Bridge in 1459, and the widespread pillaging carried out by Queen Margaret's unpaid army as it advanced south in early 1461. Both events inspired widespread opposition to the Queen, and support for the Yorkists. Many areas did little or nothing to change their city defences, perhaps an indication that they were left untouched by the wars. City walls were either left in their ruinous state or only partially rebuilt. In the case of London, the city was able to avoid being devastated by convincing the York and Lancaster armies to stay out after the inability to recreate the defensive city walls. Few noble houses were extinguished during the wars; in the period from 1425 to 1449, before the outbreak of the wars, there were as many extinctions of noble lines from natural causes as occurred during the fighting from 1450 to 1474. The most ambitious nobles died and by the later period of the wars, fewer nobles were prepared to risk their lives and titles in an uncertain struggle. The kings of France and Scotland and the dukes of Burgundy played the two factions off against each other, pledging military and financial aid and offering asylum to defeated nobles and pretenders, to prevent a strong and unified England from making war on them.
Answer this question: How many years did the fighting last?
answer:
24