input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: In exercises such as weight lifting, skeletal muscle contracts against a resisting force (see Figure below ). Using skeletal muscle in this way increases its size and strength. In exercises such as running, the cardiac muscle contracts faster and the heart pumps more blood. Using cardiac muscle in this way increases its strength and efficiency. Continued exercise is necessary to maintain bigger, stronger muscles. If you don't use a muscle, it will get smaller and weakerso use it or lose it. I am facing a new situation today: Justin and Derek are accomplished competitive weight lifters. One day, Derek suffers a severe injury to his leg. Because of this injury, Derek is forced to stop exercising for several months. Justin remains injury free and continues to work out regularly on the other hand. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Who will lose less strength in their muscles?
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output: Justin
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells, or by growing around the root cells. This association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to glucose, which the plant produces by photosynthesis. The mycelia of the fungi increase the surface area of the plant's root system. The larger surface area improves water and mineral nutrient absorption from the soil. I am facing a new situation today: Two gardeners started their planting season at the same time. Bill used mycorrizal fungi compost for the garden, while Hank used regular top soil. Bill was very happy with the harvest. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which gardener had more mycelia of the fungi increase the surface area of the plant's root system?
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Answer: Bill
Problem: I read this background article the other day: As shown here, pressure decreases to less than 25% of ground-level atmospheric pressure when we get to an altitude of about six miles. Since this is a common cruising altitude for commercial airplanes, pressurized cabins are needed for the comfort and survival of the passengers. This is because the density of the air decreases along with the decreasing air pressure, so there is less oxygen in a breath of air. You've probably noticed this effect in high-mountain areas, as it often feels harder to breath. I am facing a new situation today: Marco is sitting at the bottom of a mountain and painting a picture of it. Lauren, Marco's friend, is sitting about halfway up the mountain and painting a picture of the horizon. The two will compare paintings after they complete their drawings and then will switch places and repeat the task. These two friends do this a couple times a year, and they always enjoy seeing how the other person paints the same object. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Who will find it less difficult to breathe?

A: Marco
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Cholesterol has been implicated in heart disease for decades. Atherosclerosis is a disorder of the arteries in which cholesterol and other materials are deposited on the interior of the arterial wall. These deposits lead to the formation of plaques that can restrict or even block the flow of blood through these blood vessels (see Figure below ). A decrease in the flow of blood can lead to high blood pressure and a lowered oxygen supply to the heart muscle. A complete blockage of blood flow to parts of the heart (a heart attack) can cause significant damage due to oxygen deprivation, in some cases leading to death. I am facing a new situation today: Two brothers went to the doctor's office for an appointment. The doctor discovered that Tim had very high levels of cholesterol, while Jim had normal levels. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which brother experiences a lowered oxygen supply to the heart muscle?
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The answer is:
Tim
input question: I read this background article the other day: A period of very low rainfall occurred while the Grants were on the islands. The drought resulted in fewer seeds for the finches to eat. Birds with smaller beaks could eat only the smaller seeds. Birds with bigger beaks were better off. They could eat seeds of all sizes. Therefore, there was more food available to them. Many of the small-beaked birds died in the drought. More of the big-beaked birds survived and reproduced. Within just a couple of years, the average beak size in the finches increased. This was clearly evolution by natural selection. I am facing a new situation today: Two ancient continents both had a great bird population. At some point in time, the continent of MU experienced a great drought that lasted for several years. The other continent, Lemuria, was unaffected by the drought. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which continent had more food available to the birds????
output answer: Lemuria
input question: I read this background article the other day: The sloping surface of the inclined plane supports part of the weight of the object as it moves up the slope. As a result, it takes less force to move the object uphill. The trade-off is that the object must be moved over a greater distance than if it were moved straight up to the higher elevation. On the other hand, the output force is greater than the input force because it is applied over a shorter distance. Like other simple machines, the ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is given by I am facing a new situation today: Adams needs to roll a piano into his new house. The piano is very heavy and unfortunately he isn't strong enough to lift it up his front steps. A friend of his suggests he get a ramp since it will support part of the weight allowing him to push it into his house much easier. Adam gets the ramp and successfully pushes the piano in to his new house. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which would be easier, pick up a large object and carrying it or pushing it on a ramp?.???
output answer:
pushing