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A newborn's skin may be covered in fine body hair called lanugo. This most commonly shows on the shoulders, back, and sacral area (at the bottom of the spine). This is usually associated with premature infants, but can be present on any. Lanugo will disappear in the infant's first few weeks of life. Plugged pores in the skin of an infant (usually the nose, chin, and cheeks) are called milia. These spots may appear similar to small whiteheads; however, they should not be confused with common "baby acne." Milia is a common condition, appearing in about 40% of newborns, and will disappear on its own. These are purple-black or blue-black patches that may show up (often near the lower back) on infants of African-American or Asian descent. Mongolian spots are harmless and will disappear in time, typically within a year, though longer in some cases. This is a rash that may appear 1-2 days after a newborn's birth. It looks like small yellowish spots surrounded by larger red patches. Though it may look alarming, Erythema toxicum is harmless. It should disappear within a week. This condition causes a newborn to be red on one side and pale on the other. It may occur when the newborn lies on his or her side, and it happens because the newborn's circulatory and related systems are still developing. The coloring may develop suddenly, but usually goes away soon (within twenty minutes), after the infant is active or cries. Harlequin coloring is most common within the first three weeks of a newborn's life.
Be prepared for body hair. Watch for milia. Note any Mongolian spots. Watch for Erythema toxicum. Take note of harlequin coloring.