Process: - Energy builds up in the crust of the earth - The energy causes the fault lines give way - The earth's plates move - The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions - The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more energy radiates outward happens, how will it affect LESS or WEAKER earthquakes. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process: - A large rocky area is formed - The rocky area has a higher elevation than the surrounding areas - Water from precipitation falls in the area - The water forms a stream - The stream flows towards lower elevation - The stream becomes a river - The river continues to flow along the same path for a long time - The river erodes the rocky area that it touches - The eroded area cuts deeply into the rock. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are less clouds that build up happens, how will it affect MORE/LARGER valleys being formed. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process: - A forest fire starts - The fire surrounds the vicinity - The animals are trapped - Those that survive have their habitat destroyed - The survivors must find a new habitat - Conflict with other animals occur. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose people put the fire out quickly happens, how will it affect a GREATER negative effect on animals. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process: - There are places inside Earth where rock will melt - Melted rock inside the Earth is also called molten rock, or magma - Magma moves up through Earth's crust, but it does not always reach the surface - When magma erupts onto Earth's surface, it is known as lava - As lava flows from volcanoes it starts to cool - Minerals form when magma and lava cool - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more carbon dioxide available happens, how will it affect MORE minerals forming. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no