In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: The population analysis of cardiovascular risk and non-risk genetic variation can help to identify adaptive or random demographic processes that shaped coronary incidence variation across geography.', 'In this study, 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 17 tandem repeat polymorphisms from Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOS) regions were analyzed in 1686 individuals from 35 populations from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. NOS genes encode for key enzymes on nitric oxide availability, which is involved in several cardiovascular processes. These genetic variations were used to test for selection and to infer the population structure of NOS regions. Moreover, we tested whether the variation in the incidence of coronary events and in the levels of classical risk factors in 11 of these European populations could be explained by the population structure estimates.', 'Our results supported, first, the absence of clear signs of selection for NOS genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, and second, the presence of a continuous genetic pattern of variation across European and North African populations without a Mediterranean barrier for gene flow. Finally, population structure estimates from NOS regions are closely correlated with coronary event rates and classical risk parameters (explaining 39-98%) among European populations.\Question: Does population structure from NOS genes correlate with geographical differences in coronary incidence across Europe?
Example Output: Our results reinforce the hypothesis that genetic bases of cardiovascular diseases and associated complex phenotypes could be geographically shaped by random demographic processes.

Example Input: Context: The observation of intact non-covalent complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) hinges on the ability to minimize in-source activation processes that take place during analyte desolvation. We explored the merits of replacing the sampling cone of a standard Z-spray source with a heated capillary that makes the desolvation process slower and more gradual. We employed well-characterized protein-RNA, RNA-RNA, and DNA-DNA assemblies to compare the alternative configurations.', 'Mass analysis evaluated the integrity of the complexes, whereas traveling wave ion mobility experiments assessed the stability of biomolecular structure. Analyses were performed back-to-back on the same samples on a Synapt G2 HDMS equipped with either the standard sampling cone or the heated-capillary apparatus. In each configuration, the source/capillary temperature was varied in controlled fashion, while keeping all other desolvation parameters constant to monitor the in-source dissociation of selected DNA duplexes. Ion mobility data were obtained from the same precursor by using the alternative configurations under the same settings.', 'Monitoring the percentage of associated complex demonstrated that the heated capillary provided softer desolvation that was more conducive to the detection of intact non-covalent interactions. This configuration failed to produce complete dissociation of 14bp and 24bp duplexes, even when the source/capillary temperature was increased well above their solution melting points. Analyzed by IMS-MS, a selected construct displayed just one conformation with the heated capillary, but two with the standard sampling cone.\Question: Does a simple heated-capillary modification improve the analysis of non-covalent complexes by Z-spray electrospray ionization?
Example Output: The heated capillary minimizes in-source activation processes that can lead to unintended dissociation of complexes and perturbation of biomolecular structure, which rely on the integrity of non-covalent interactions. This effect can be attributed to the attenuation of the supersonic expansion typical of the Z-spray geometry and the greater ability to control the energy imparted to the system. This hardware modification will be expected to benefit the analysis of biomolecular structure performed on this particular instrumental platform.

Example Input: Context: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare multigenic congenital disorder characterized by the absence of the enteric ganglia. To date, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pre-miRNAs have been confirmed related with some diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that pre-miRNA polymorphisms might contribute to HSCR susceptibility. We investigated whether rs2910164 and rs11614913 of pre-miR-146a and pre-miR-196a2, are associated with HSCR.', 'Polymorphisms were genotyped using the Taqman method. Real-time PCR was used for detecting the expression level of miR-146a and its target gene ROBO1 in CC and GG genotypes.', 'Significant differences were found in the genotype distribution of rs2910164 and rs11614913 polymorphism between HSCR cases and controls (p = 0.023 and 0.041, respectively). Furthermore, G allele of rs2910164 might increase the risk of HSCR (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.06-2.23). Moreover, the expression level of miR-146a for homozygote GG was also higher than homozygote CC (p = 0.0193). In contrast, the expression level of its target gene ROBO1 predicted in bioinformatics for homozygote GG was much lower than homozygote CC (p = 0.0096).\Question: Does a common polymorphism in pre-miR-146a underlie Hirschsprung disease risk in Han Chinese?
Example Output:
Our results showed that the polymorphism rs2910164 in pre-miR-146a might alter the production of mature miR-146a and then down-regulate the target gene ROBO1, which plays an important role in pathogenesis of HSCR.