Text: biological markers specific to shse are nicotine and its metabolites.

Correct capitalization: Biological markers specific to SHSe are nicotine and its metabolites.

Text: the payout is 30-to-1.

Correct capitalization: The payout is 30-to-1.

Text: a step on the way towards the optimally light, strong structure. wood and its many opportunities fascinate me.

Correct capitalization: A step on the way towards the optimally light, strong structure. Wood and its many opportunities fascinate me.

Text: because of this website's clear and well-researched information, my sister had the courage to reject the advice of a nationally recognized lymphoma expert in 2006.

Correct capitalization:
Because of this website's clear and well-researched information, my sister had the courage to reject the advice of a nationally recognized lymphoma expert in 2006.