Answer the following question given this paragraph: CHAPTER SUMMARY 38.1 Types of Skeletal Systems The three types of skeleton designs are hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons. A hydrostatic skeleton is formed by a fluid-filled compartment held under hydrostatic pressure; movement is created by the muscles producing pressure on the fluid. An exoskeleton is a hard external skeleton that protects the outer surface of an organism and enables movement through muscles attached on the inside. An endoskeleton is an internal skeleton composed of hard, mineralized tissue that also enables movement by attachment to muscles. The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that is composed of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, ossicles of the ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and ribcage. The skull consists of eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Six bones make up the ossicles of the middle ear, while the hyoid bone is located in the neck under the mandible. The vertebral column contains 26 bones, and it surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The thoracic cage consists of the sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the limbs of the upper and lower limbs. The pectoral girdle is composed of the clavicles and the scapulae. The upper limb contains 30 bones in the arm, the forearm, and the hand. The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. The lower limb includes the bones of the thigh, the leg, and the foot. Q: Of the three types of skeleton designs - hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons - which do humans possess? A:
OPTIONS:
- none of the above
- hydrostatic skeleton
- exoskeleton
- endoskeleton
endoskeleton

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. Q: What subject is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic? A:
OPTIONS:
- evolution
- geography
- geology
- science

Answer: science

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Weather stations collect data on land and sea. Weather balloons, satellites, and radar collect data in the atmosphere. Q: What collect data on the land and sea in regards to the weather? A:
OPTIONS:
- turbine stations
- thermal stations
- wind stations
- weather stations
Answer: weather stations

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The urinary bladder is a hollow and muscular organ. It is shaped a little like a balloon. It is the organ that collects urine. Q: What is the hollow and muscular balloon-shaped organ that collects urine? A:
OPTIONS:
- prostate
- urethra
- kidney
- urinary bladder
output: urinary bladder

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Animal cells grow mainly by synthesizing protein-rich cytoplasm, a process that is described as expensive in what way? A:

OPTIONS:
- calorically
- synthetically
- time spent
- metabolically

A: metabolically

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 21 1 The three main components are the lymph vessels, the lymph nodes, and the lymph. 3 The bacterium is digested by the phagocyte's digestive enzymes (contained in its lysosomes). 5 B 7 C 9 A 11 D 13 C 15 B 17 B 19 D 21 D 23 B 25 C 27 B 29 C 31 D 33 A 35 B 37 B 39 The lymph enters through lymphatic capillaries, and then into larger lymphatic vessels. The lymph can only go in one direction due to valves in the vessels. The larger lymphatics merge to form trunks that enter into the blood via lymphatic ducts. 41 Interferons are produced in virally infected cells and cause them to secrete signals for surrounding cells to make antiviral proteins. C-reactive protein is induced to be made by the liver and will opsonize certain species of bacteria. 43 Antigen-specific clones are stimulated as their antigen receptor binds to antigen. They are then activated and proliferate, expanding their numbers. The result is a large number of antigen-specific lymphocytes. 45 IgM is an antigen receptor on naive B cells. Upon activation, naive B cells make IgM first. IgM is good at binding complement and thus has good antibacterial effects. IgM is replaced with other classes of antibodies later on in the primary response due to class switching. 47 Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria resistant to lysosomal enzymes in alveolar macrophages, resulting in chronic infection. The immune response to these bacteria actually causes most of the lung damage that is characteristic of this life-threatening disease. 49 Antibody response to the cell walls of -Streptococcus cross-reacts with the heart muscle. Complement is then activated and the heart is damaged, leading to abnormal function. Tolerance is broken because heart myosin antigens are similar to antigens on the - Streptococcus bacteria. Q: Interferons are produced in virally infected cells and cause them to secrete signals for surrounding cells to make what? A:
OPTIONS:
- overwhelm proteins
- resist proteins
- Raising Proteins
- antiviral proteins
antiviral proteins