Summarize the following:
Choose anti-inflammatory medications such as acetaminophen. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and let your doctor know that you're taking OTC pain relievers so they don't interfere with your other medications. OTC pain relievers can help you manage the pain of early ulcers. To ease the pain and discomfort of a throat ulcer, make a saltwater solution of 1 teaspoon (6 g) of baking soda mixed with 1 teaspoon (5 g) of salt and 4 cups (950ml) of warm water. Gargle with the mixture for at least 30 seconds and then spit it out. You can gargle with saltwater as often as you like. For example, if you have severe ulcers, gargle every 1 to 2 hours. This helps prevent further irritation and worsening of the throat ulcer. Instead of eating crunchy foods that could scratch your throat or spicy foods that can cause irritation, eat smooth foods that are easy to swallow. Try soups, milkshakes, smoothies, or soft eggs. If the ulcer makes you more sensitive to heat, eat warm or cold foods instead of hot foods. Hot beverages can irritate the ulcer, causing your pain to worsen. Hot beverages can also prolong the healing process, since they aggravate the ulcer. Instead, opt for warm beverages, which will help soothe the ulcer. For example, you could start your morning with warm tea rather than coffee. Unfortunately, caffeine, chocolate, mint, citrus, and hot spices can all aggravate your throat ulcer. Luckily, this is easy to avoid by cutting out these foods until your ulcer heals. Wait until your throat is completely healed before reintroducing them to your diet, as they could cause the ulcer to worsen. If the throat ulcer is causing bad breath or your ulcer was caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, spend a little more time brushing your teeth. Remember to brush your tongue to remove bacteria that linger between your taste buds. You can brush your teeth more than 2 times a day, if you're concerned about bad breath. To prevent inflammation and irritation in your throat, try to cut back or stop smoking or chewing tobacco. Alcohol has also been shown to irritate sensitive throats. If you don't want to quit smoking, consider temporarily stopping until your throat ulcer heals. Since throat ulcers can be caused by several things, you may experience a variety of symptoms. If you have a throat ulcer or symptoms of other conditions, you might feel like there's a lump in your throat or that you need to cough in order to clear your throat. You may also experience: An open wound or wounds on your soft or hard palate A sore throat Discomfort while eating or drinking Fever and chills Joint pain Trouble swallowing or difficulty eating Heartburn or chest pain Bad breath Nausea or vomiting If you think you have a throat ulcer and it doesn't start feeling better within 1 to 2 days, call your doctor. The doctor will do a physical exam and look at your throat. They'll probably do a throat swab to check for bacteria and run blood or urine tests. The doctor can also order imaging tests to identify ulcers in your throat. It's important to get medical treatment because your throat ulcer may be caused by an underlying medical condition that also needs treatment. Go over your medical history with the doctor so they can accurately diagnose the cause of the throat ulcer. With a proper diagnosis, the doctor can make an effective treatment plan. Throat ulcers can be caused by: Gastrointestinal reflux (GERD) Injury Ingestion of corrosive agents Excessive vomiting Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy Bacterial infections Fungal infections such as thrush Viral infections Herpes simplex virus (HSV) HIV Inflammatory diseases Excessive coughing or use of voice Your treatment plan will depend on the cause of the ulcer. For example, if a viral infection is causing the ulcer, the doctor will prescribe antiviral medications. For bacterial or fungal infections, you'll get antibiotics or antifungals. If your throat ulcer is caused by cancer treatments, the doctor may recommend changing your diet and they'll talk with you about proper oral care. For example, you may need to brush your teeth and tongue 3 to 4 times a day and avoid eating spicy foods. Ask your doctor for a prescription mouthwash that has a local anesthetic such as lidocaine. This can numb your throat and temporarily relieve pain. Some prescription mouthwashes can reduce inflammation which may speed the healing process. Be sure to follow the directions for use because some lidocaine mouthwashes are meant to be swished and then swallowed.

summary: Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Gargle with a warm saltwater solution. Adjust your diet to include smooth, mild foods. Avoid drinking hot beverages. Stay away from caffeine and irritating foods. Brush your teeth and tongue at least 2 times a day. Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Recognize signs of a throat ulcer. Get a medical exam. Talk with your doctor about possible causes of the ulcer. Take prescription medications. Rinse your mouth with a pain-relieving mouthwash.

Summarize the following:
Say you've got to add 1234 and 5678. Enter 1234 on the abacus by pushing up four beads in the ones place, three in the tens place, two in the hundreds place, and one in the thousands place. The first numbers you'll add are the 1 and the 5 from the thousands place, in this case moving the single bead from the top row of that column down to add the 5, and leaving the lower bead up for a total of 6. Likewise, to add 6 in the hundreds place, move the top bead in the hundreds place down and one bead from the bottom row up to get a total of 8. Since adding the two numbers in the tens place will result in 10, you'll carry over a 1 to the hundred place, making it a 9 in that column. Next, put all the beads down in the tens place, leaving it zero. In the ones column, you'll do essentially the same thing. Eight plus 4 equals 12, so you'll carry the one over to the tens place, making it 1. This leaves you with 2 in the ones place. You're left with a 6 in the thousands column, a 9 in the hundreds, a 1 in the tens, and a 2 in the ones: 1,234 + 5,678 = 6,912. Borrow digits from the previous column instead of carrying them over. Say you're subtracting 867 from 932. After entering 932 into the abacus, start subtracting column-by-column starting on your left. Eight from nine is one, so you'll leave a single bead up in the hundreds place. In the tens place, you can't subtract 6 from 3, so you'll borrow the 1 in the hundreds place (leaving it zero) and subtract 6 from 13, making it 7 in the tens place (the upper bead up and two lower beads). Do the same thing in the ones place, "borrowing" a bead from the tens place (making it 6) to subtract 7 from 12 instead of 2. There should be a 5 in the ones column: 932 - 867 = 65.
summary: Input your first number. Start adding from the left. Complete an exchange. Count your beads to get the answer. Subtract by doing the addition process in reverse.