TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract of a paper, generate a title for this paper such that conveys the key focus of the paper.
PROBLEM: Abstract: Seventy two patients (39 women) with colonic adenomas were compared with 72 adenoma free controls (39 women) to investigate the possible association between previous cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of adenomas. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records. Overall there was no significant association between colonic adenomas and previous cholecystectomy. When women are considered separately, however, eight cases and no controls had undergone cholecystectomy (odds ratio infinity lower 95% confidence limits 1.7, p greater than 0.01). No association between previous cholecystectomy and large bowel adenomas was found in men. Four of nine (44.4%) women with right sided colonic adenomas had undergone previous cholecystectomy compared with only three of 23 (13%) women with left sided adenomas.

SOLUTION: Cholecystectomy and adenomatous polyps of the large bowel.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Bombesin found in neuroepithelial bodies and oat cell carcinoma of the lung, is thought to play an important role in normally developing and malignant lung. Monocytes-macrophages and human small cell lung carcinoma cells share several features, including macrophage-specific surface markers and the expression of functional receptors for bombesin-like neuropeptides and growth factors. Because small cell lung carcinoma cells synthesize immunoreactive bombesin, we investigated the possibility that alveolar macrophages also contain bombesin, a plausible hypothesis considering the many reports of neuropeptide production by immune cells and cells of bone marrow origin. Adherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages were found to contain bombesin. The peptide was detected by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, high-pressure liquid chromatography with the use of different monospecific antibodies.

SOLUTION: Bombesin in human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages.

PROBLEM: Abstract: Fat cells were isolated from sedentary and exercise trained female Sprague-Dawley rats and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (cyclic AMP-PDE) activities were determined from crude homogenates of the fat cells in the whole homogenate, P5, P48, and S48 fractions. Exercise training resulted in a significant increase in the mean specific activity of cyclic AMP-PDE (pmol X min-1 X mg-1) from the whole homogenate and S48 fraction at cyclic AMP concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 microM and in the P48 fraction at 8 and 16 microM cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP-PDE kinetic plots according to Lineweaver-Burk for the calculation of Michaelis constants (Km) and maximum enzyme velocities (Vmax) were nonlinear, indicating both a low and high enzyme form. The Michaelis constants were significantly lower in trained rats than those of its control for the high Km form of cyclic AMP-PDE in the whole and soluble fractions and for the low Km form of the P5 particulate fraction. The Vmax of the high Km form of the P48 particulate fraction from trained animals was also significantly higher than that found in its control. Phosphodiesterase inhibition by methylxanthines in the various fractions was similar in both trained and sedentary animals. These changes in specific activity, Michaelis constants, and Vmax of cyclic AMP-PDE from crude homogenates of isolated fat cells from exercise trained animals may account for the decreased intracellular levels of cyclic AMP following catecholamine stimulation of isolated fat cells from trained rats.

SOLUTION:
Distribution of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in adipose tissue from trained rats.