instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Teacher and Nurse Support Act of
2007''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) According to the National Center for Education
Statistics, over the next 10 years, the United States will need
more than 2,000,000 new teachers to replace the teachers who
are retiring or leaving the classroom for other careers.
(2) The Hart-Rudman National Security Report on education
recommended that the President direct the Department of
Education to work with the States to devise a comprehensive
plan to avert a looming shortage of high-quality teachers.
(3) According to the National Center for Education
Statistics, 20 percent of all new teachers leave the teaching
profession within 3 years. Providing loan forgiveness or loan
cancellation is one step that would help retain high-quality
teachers in schools that need teachers.
(4) The American Hospital Association has reported more
than 118,000 unfilled registered nurse positions in hospitals
in the United States. Additionally, the National Commission on
Nursing Workforce for Long-Term Care released a report in May,
2005, stating that there are nearly 100,000 vacant nursing
positions in long-term care facilities on any given day, and
the nurse turnover rate exceeds 50 percent. The shortage is
costing long-term care facilities an estimated $4 billion a
year in recruitment and training expenses.
(5) College loans are more of a burden than ever for
students and families. According to a recent United States
Public Interest Research Group report, average student loan
debt almost doubled from $9,200 in 1992-1993 to $16,928 in
1999-2000.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to improve access to, and
the delivery of, high-quality educational and health services
throughout the United States by reducing the shortage of qualified
teachers and nurses.

SEC. 3. LOAN FORGIVENESS.

(a) Loan Forgiveness.--Section 428J of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078-10) is amended to read as follows:

''SEC. 428J. LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR TEACHERS AND NURSES.

''(a) Statement of Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to
encourage individuals to enter and continue in the teaching and nursing
professions.
''(b) Program Authorized.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program
to forgive, in accordance with this section, the student loan
debt of any borrower who has one or more loans described under
paragraph (2) made on or after October 1, 1998, and who--
''(A) has been employed--
''(i) as a full-time teacher--
''(I) in a school that qualifies
under section 465(a)(2)(A) for loan
cancellation for Perkins loan
recipients who teach in those schools;
''(II) if employed as a secondary
school teacher, is teaching a subject
area that is relevant to the borrower's
academic major as certified by the
chief administrative officer of the
public or nonprofit private secondary
school in which the borrower is
employed; and
''(III) if employed as an
elementary school teacher, has
demonstrated, as certified by the chief
administrative officer of the public or
nonprofit private elementary school in
which the borrower is employed,
knowledge and teaching skills in
reading, writing, mathematics, and
other areas of the elementary school
curriculum; or
''(ii) as a full-time eligible nurse--
''(I) in a clinical setting; or
''(II) as a member of the nursing
faculty at an accredited school of
nursing (as those terms are defined in
section 801 of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)); and
''(B) is not in default on a loan for which the
borrower seeks forgiveness.
''(2) Method of loan forgiveness.--To provide the loan
forgiveness authorized in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall,
subject to paragraph (3), carry out a program--
''(A) through the holder of the loan, to assume the
obligation to repay a qualified loan amount (as
determined under subsection (c)) for a loan made under
section 428 or 428H of this part; and
''(B) to cancel a qualified loan amount (as so
determined) for a Federal Direct Stafford Loan or a
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan made under
part D of this title;
''(3) Treatment of consolidation loans.--A loan amount for
a loan made under section 428C or section 455(g) may be a
qualified loan amount for the purposes of paragraph (2) only to
the extent that such loan amount was used to repay a loan made
under section 428 or 428H, a Federal Direct Stafford Loan, or a
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan for a borrower who
meets the requirements of paragraph (1), as determined in
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
''(c) Qualified Loan Amount.--
''(1) In general.--
''(A) Aggregate amount.--The Secretary shall, in
installments in accordance with subparagraph (B),
forgive under this section not more than $17,500 in the
aggregate of the student loan obligation of a borrower.
''(B) Annual installments.--The Secretary shall
forgive the student loan obligation of a borrower in
annual installments after each of 5 years of service
described in clause (i) or (ii) of subsection
(b)(1)(A)(i) in an amount not to exceed the lesser of
the remaining outstanding obligation of the borrower
or--
''(i) $2,000 at the completion of the first
year of such service;
''(ii) $2,500 at the completion of the
second year of such service;
''(iii) $3,500 at the completion of the
third year of such service;
''(iv) $4,500 at the completion of the
fourth year of such service; and
''(v) $5,000 at the completion of the fifth
year of such service.
''(2) Forbearance on qualified loan amount.--A holder of a
loan on which a borrower is seeking forgiveness under this
section--
''(A) shall grant forbearance, at the request of
the borrower, in annual increments for each of the
years of qualifying service if the holder believes, at
the time of the borrower's annual request, that the
amount expected to be forgiven under this section at
the completion of the period of qualifying service will
satisfy the anticipated remaining outstanding balance
on the loan; and
''(B) may offer other forbearance options to the
borrower.
''(d) Regulations.--The Secretary is authorized to issue such
regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this
section.
''(e) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
authorize any refunding of any repayment of a loan.
''(f) List of Schools.--If the list of schools in which a teacher
may perform service pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(A)(i) is not
available before May 1 of any year, the Secretary may use the list for
the year preceding the year for which the determination is made to make
the service determination.
''(g) Additional Eligibility Provisions.--
''(1) Continued eligibility for teachers.--Any teacher who
performs service in a school that--
''(A) meets the requirements of subsection
(b)(1)(A)(i)(I) in any year during such service; and
''(B) in a subsequent year fails to meet the
requirements of that subsection,
may continue to teach in the school and shall be eligible for
loan forgiveness pursuant to subsection (b).
''(2) Prevention of double benefits.--No borrower may, for
the same service, receive a benefit under both this subsection
and--
''(A) subtitle D of title I of the National and
Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12571 et
seq.); or
''(B) section 846 of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 297n).
''(h) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) Eligible nurse.--The term 'eligible nurse' means a
nurse who meets all of the following:
''(A) The nurse graduated from--
''(i) an accredited school of nursing (as
those terms are defined in section 801 of the
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296));
''(ii) a nursing center; or
''(iii) an academic health center that
provides nurse training.
''(B) The nurse holds a valid and unrestricted
license to practice nursing in the State in which the
nurse practices in a clinical setting.
''(C) The nurse holds 1 or more of the following:
''(i) A graduate degree in nursing or
equivalent degree.
''(ii) A nursing degree from a collegiate
school of nursing (as defined in section 801 of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)).
''(iii) A nursing degree from an associate
degree school of nursing (as defined in section
801 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
296)).
''(iv) A nursing degree from a diploma
school of nursing (as defined in section 801 of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)).
''(2) Year.--The term 'year', where applied to service as a
teacher (or service as a member of the nursing faculty at an
accredited school of nursing (as those terms are defined in
section 801 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296))),
means an academic year as defined by the Secretary.''.
(b) Repeal of Loan Cancellation Provision.--Section 460 of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087j) is repealed.

SEC. 4. PHASE OUT OF CURRENT PROGRAM.

An individual who began the required period of teaching described
in section 428J(b)(1) or 460(b)(1)(A) of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078-10 and 1087j) as such sections were in effect on
the day before the date of enactment of this Act, shall--
(1) be eligible to receive loan forgiveness or loan
cancellation in the amount described in, and in accordance with
the requirements of, such sections as in effect on the day
before the date of enactment of this Act; and
(2) not be eligible to receive loan forgiveness under
section 428J of the Higher Education Act of 1965 as in effect
on the date of enactment of this Act.
answer:
Teacher and Nurse Support Act of 2007 - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to increase to a maximum of $17,500 the aggregate student loan obligation eligible for forgiveness or cancellation under the Federal Family Education Loan or Direct Loan programs for teachers who serve full-time in certain elementary or secondary schools that enroll a high proportion of disadvantaged students.

Includes, under these student loan forgiveness and cancellation programs, nurses who serve in a clinical setting or as a member of the nursing faculty at an accredited school of nursing. Directs the Secretary of Education to repay such loan obligation in annual installments up to specified maximum amounts after each of five years of such service.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Public Voice Campaign Finance Reform
Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. PROMOTING DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN SPENDING.

(a) Requiring Intermediaries and Conduits To Report on Bundled
Contributions.--Section 315(a)(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''(8)'' and inserting ''(8)(A)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(B) Any person acting as an intermediary or conduit for the
collection or delivery of contributions on behalf of a candidate shall
file reports with the Commission (at the same time and in the same
manner as a political committee which is not an authorized committee of
a candidate is required to file reports under section 304(a)(4)) on the
contributions collected or delivered and on related activities
conducted on the candidate's behalf.''.
(b) Treatment of Certain Communications as Independent Expenditures
for Reporting Purposes.--Section 301(17) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 431(17))
is amended by striking ''identified candidate'' and inserting the
following: ''identified candidate, or any payment for any communication
made during the 90-day period ending on the date of an election which
includes the name or likeness of a candidate,''.
(c) Mandatory Electronic Filing for Persons Meeting Certain
Threshold.--Section 304(a)(11)(A) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(11)(A))
is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting the
following: '', except that in the case of any person reporting an
amount of contributions, expenditures, or disbursements in an amount
exceeding a threshold established by the Commission, the person shall
file all reports required under this Act by such electronic means,
format, or method.''.

SEC. 3. ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT ABILITIES OF FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.

(a) Permitting FEC To Impose Filing Fee for Reports.--Section 307
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437d) is amended
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
''(f)(1) The Commission shall require each political committee
filing a report under this title to include with the report a payment
(in an amount established by the Commission) if the amount of
contributions, expenditures, or disbursements covered by the report
exceeds a threshold established by the Commission.
''(2) In establishing the amount of payment required to be included
with a report under paragraph (1), the Commission shall take into
account the costs to the Commission which are associated with the
submission of reports under this title.
''(3) The Commission may waive the application of paragraph (1)
with respect to a political committee if the Commission determines that
the payment required would result in a financial hardship to the
committee.
''(4) The Commission may charge a nominal fee for the distribution
of documents to the public.
''(5) The amount appropriated to the Commission for a fiscal year
pursuant to the authorization under section 314 may not be adjusted to
take into account any amounts anticipated to be received by the
Commission during the year pursuant to this subsection.''.
(b) Revised Standard for Referral of Certain Violations to Attorney
General.--Section 309(a)(5)(C) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(C)) is
amended by striking ''by an affirmative vote of 4 of its members,
determined that there is probable cause to believe'' and inserting
''believes''.
(c) Permitting Random Audits.--Section 311(b) of such Act (2 U.S.C.
438(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''(b)'' and inserting ''(b)(1)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commission shall conduct
random audits of the reports of political committees during the 1-year
period which begins on the date of a general election, in accordance
with such criteria as the Commission may establish.''.

SEC. 4. REDUCED BROADCAST RATES FOR CANDIDATES.

(a) In General.--Section 315(b)(1) of the Communications Act of
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)(1)) is amended by striking ''the lowest unit
charge'' and inserting ''the applicable percentage of the lowest unit
charge''.
(b) Applicable Percentage Defined.--Section 315(c) of such Act (47
U.S.C. 315(c)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and
inserting ''; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(3) the term 'applicable percentage' means--
''(A) 70 percent, in the case of a small broadcast
station (as determined by the Commission in accordance
with ratings, market area analysis, and such other
criteria as the Commission may establish), or
''(B) 50 percent, in the case of any other
candidate and any other broadcast station.''.

SEC. 5. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF NON-FEDERAL FUNDS.

Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''restrictions on use of non-federal funds

''Sec. 323. (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
no funds which are not subject to the limitations and prohibitions of
this Act may be expended or disbursed by any person for any activity
which significantly affects an election for Federal office or which
promotes or identifies (in whole or in part) any candidate for election
for Federal office, including any get-out-the-vote drive which
identifies or targets supporters of a candidate for election for
Federal office, or any voter registration drive or development or
maintenance of voter files which occurs during an even-numbered year.
''(b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to
any of the following activities:
''(1) The construction, maintenance, or operation of
buildings or broadcast facilities for political parties.
''(2) State or local political party conventions.
''(3) State or local political party administration.
''(4) Generic campaign activity to promote a political
party.
''(5) Any activity which would be described in clause (i),
(iii), or (v) of section 301(9)(B) if payment for the activity
were an expenditure under such section.''.

SEC. 6. APPOINTMENT AND SERVICE OF MEMBERS OF FEDERAL ELECTION
COMMISSION.

(a) Appointment of Additional, Independent Commissioner.--
(1) In general.--Section 306(a)(1) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(1)) is amended--
(A) by striking ''(a)(1)'' and inserting
''(a)(1)(A)'';
(B) in the first sentence, by striking ''6 members
appointed by the President,'' and inserting the
following: ''7 members appointed by the President, of
whom one shall be a political independent nominated for
appointment by the other members serving on the
Commission,''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
''(B) In subparagraph (A), the term 'political independent' means
an individual who at no time after January 1992--
''(i) has held elective office as a member of the
Democratic or Republican party;
''(ii) has received any wages or salary from the Democratic
or Republican party or from a Democratic or Republican party
office-holder or candidate; or
''(iii) has provided substantial volunteer services or made
any substantial contribution to the Democratic or Republican
party or to a Democratic or Republican party office-holder or
candidate.''.
(2) Deadline for initial appointment.--The members of the
Federal Election Commission shall provide the President with a
nominee for appointment to the Commission under section
306(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as
amended by paragraph (1)) not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Limiting Commissioners to Single Term.--Section 306(a)(2)(A) of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ''terms'' and
inserting ''a single term''.

SEC. 7. EFFECTIVE DATE.

The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to
elections occurring after January 1999.
answer:
Public Voice Campaign Finance Reform Act of 1997 - Amends the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA) to provide for: (1) intermediaries and conduits to report on bundled contributions in the same time and manner as a political committee which is not an authorized committee of the candidate; (2) certain communications to be treated as independent expenditures; and (3) mandatory electronic filing for persons reporting contributions, expenditures, or disbursements in an amount exceeding a threshold established by the Federal Election Commission.
(Sec. 3) Directs the Commission to require each political committee filing a report to include with the report a filing fee when the amount of contributions, expenditures, or disbursements covered by the report exceeds a threshold established by the Commission.
Revises the standard for referral of certain violations to the Attorney General.
Requires the Commission to conduct random audits of the reports of political committees.
(Sec. 4) Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to provide for reduced broadcast media rates for candidates.
(Sec. 5) Amends FECA to set forth restrictions on the use of non-Federal funds.
(Sec. 6) Revises requirements for the composition of the Commission and terms of Commissioners and replaces them with new requirements, including one that Commissioners serve no more than a single term.

question:
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION FOR UNITED STATES CUSTOMS SERVICE.

(a) In General.--In order to enhance border investigative resources
on the Southwest border, enhance investigative resources for
anticorruption efforts, intensify efforts against drug smuggling and
money-laundering organizations, process cargo, reduce commercial and
passenger traffic waiting times, and open all primary lanes during peak
hours at certain ports on the Southwest and Northern borders, in
addition to any other amount appropriated, there are authorized to be
appropriated for salaries, expenses, and equipment for the United
States Customs Service for purposes of carrying out this section--
(1) $161,248,584 for fiscal year 1999;
(2) $185,751,328 for fiscal year 2000; and
(3) such sums as may be necessary in each fiscal year
thereafter.
(b) Fiscal Year 1999.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated
under subsection (a)(1) for fiscal year 1999, $48,404,000 shall be
available until expended for acquisition and other expenses associated
with implementation and full deployment of narcotics enforcement and
cargo processing technology along the Southwest border, including--
(1) $6,000,000 for 8 Vehicle and Container Inspection
Systems (VACIS);
(2) $11,000,000 for 5 mobile truck x-rays with transmission
and backscatter imaging;
(3) $12,000,000 for the upgrade of 8 fixed-site truck x-
rays from the present energy level of 450,000 electron volts to
1,000,000 electron volts (1-MeV);
(4) $7,200,000 for 8 1-MeV pallet x-rays;
(5) $1,000,000 for 200 portable contraband detectors
(busters) to be distributed among ports where the current
allocations are inadequate;
(6) $600,000 for 50 contraband detection kits to be
distributed among all Southwest border ports based on traffic
volume;
(7) $500,000 for 25 ultrasonic container inspection units
to be distributed among all ports receiving liquid-filled cargo
and to ports with a hazardous material inspection facility;
(8) $2,450,000 for 7 automated targeting systems;
(9) $360,000 for 30 rapid tire deflator systems to be
distributed to those ports where port runners are a threat;
(10) $480,000 for 20 Portable Treasury Enforcement
Communications System (TECS) terminals to be moved among ports
as needed;
(11) $1,000,000 for 20 remote watch surveillance camera
systems at ports where there are suspicious activities at
loading docks, vehicle queues, secondary inspection lanes, or
areas where visual surveillance or observation is obscured;
(12) $1,254,000 for 57 weigh-in-motion sensors to be
distributed among the ports with the greatest volume of outbound
traffic;
(13) $180,000 for 36 AM radio ''Welcome to the United
States'' stations, with 1 station to be located at each border
crossing;
(14) $1,040,000 for 260 inbound vehicle counters to be
installed at every inbound vehicle lane;
(15) $950,000 for 38 spotter camera systems to counter the
surveillance of Customs inspection activities by persons
outside the boundaries of ports where such surveillance
activities are occurring;
(16) $390,000 for 60 inbound commercial truck transponders
to be distributed to all ports of entry;
(17) $1,600,000 for 40 narcotics vapor and particle
detectors to be distributed to each border crossing; and
(18) $400,000 for license plate reader automatic targeting
software to be installed at each port to target inbound
vehicles.
(c) Fiscal Year 2000 and Thereafter.--Of the amount authorized to
be appropriated under subsection (a) (2) and (3) for fiscal year 2000
and each fiscal year thereafter, $4,840,400 shall be for the
maintenance and support of the equipment and training of personnel to
maintain and support the equipment described in subsection (b), based
on an estimate of 10 percent of the cost of such equipment.
(d) New Technologies: Use of Funds.--
(1) In general.--The Commissioner of Customs may use the
amounts authorized to be appropriated for equipment under this
section for equipment other than the equipment specified in
subsection (b) if such other equipment--
(A)(i) is technologically superior to the equipment
specified in subsection (b); and
(ii) will achieve at least the same results at a
cost that is the same or less than the equipment
specified in subsection (b); or
(B) can be obtained at a lower cost than the
equipment authorized in paragraphs (1) through (18).
(2) Transfer of funds.--Notwithstanding any other provision
of this section, the Commissioner of Customs may reallocate an
amount not to exceed 10 percent of the amount specified in any
of paragraphs (1) through (18) of subsection (b) for equipment
specified in any other of such paragraphs (1) through (18).
(e) Peak Hours and Investigative Resource Enhancement.--Of the
amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) for fiscal
years 1999 and 2000, $112,844,584 in fiscal year 1999 and $180,910,928
for fiscal year 2000 shall be for--
(1) a net increase of 535 inspectors and 60 special agents
for the Southwest border and 375 inspectors for the Northern
border, in order to open all primary lanes on the Southwest and
Northern borders during peak hours and enhance investigative
resources;
(2) a net increase of 285 inspectors and canine enforcement
officers to be distributed at large cargo facilities as needed
to process and screen cargo (including rail cargo) and reduce
commercial waiting times on the Southwest border;
(3) a net increase of 360 special agents, 40 intelligence
analysts, and additional resources to be distributed among
offices that have jurisdiction over major metropolitan drug or
narcotics distribution and transportation centers for
intensification of efforts against drug smuggling and money-
laundering organizations;
(4) a net increase of 50 positions and additional resources
to the Office of Internal Affairs to enhance investigative
resources for anticorruption efforts; and
(5) the costs incurred as a result of the increase in
personnel hired pursuant to this section.
answer:
Authorizes appropriations for the U.S. Customs Service for FY 1999 and 2000 for acquisition and deployment of narcotics enforcement and cargo processing technology (including maintenance and support of such equipment, training of personnel, and for new technologies) along the U.S. Southwest border. Earmarks amounts for additional inspectors, canine enforcement officers, special agents, and enhanced investigative resources during peak hours along the border.