Answer the following question given this paragraph: As food is pushed through the GI tract by peristalsis, it undergoes digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Q: The process of breaking down food into nutrients is known as __________ Choices: - energy - absorption - filtration - digestion A:
digestion
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Almost all fungi have a single common ancestor. The earliest fungi may have evolved about 600 million years ago. Fungi colonized land at least 460 million years ago. By 250 million years ago, they may have been the dominant life forms on Earth. Q: Evolving from a single common ancestor, what group of organisms was perhaps the dominant life form on earth 250 million years ago? Choices: - acids - atoms - proteins - fungi A:
fungi
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon compounds such as methane. VOCs are released in many human activities, such as raising livestock. Livestock wastes produce a lot of methane. Q: The waste of cows releases a lot of which type of gas? Choices: - carbon dioxide - oxygen - sulphur - methane A:
A: methane
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The remaining 5% are scattered around other plate boundaries. A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries. These are intraplate earthquakes. Q: A few earthquakes take place away from plate boundaries, these are called what? Choices: - outer earthquakes - deformation earthquakes - distant earthquakes - intraplate earthquakes A:
Answer: intraplate earthquakes
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The movement of water molecules is not itself regulated by cells, so it is important that cells are exposed to an environment in which the concentration of solutes outside of the cells (in the extracellular fluid) is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cells (in the cytoplasm). Two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes are said to be isotonic (equal tension). When cells and their extracellular environments are isotonic, the concentration of water molecules is the same outside and inside the cells, and the cells maintain their normal shape (and function). Osmosis occurs when there is an imbalance of solutes outside of a cell versus inside the cell. A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution is said to be hypertonic, and water molecules tend to diffuse into a hypertonic solution (Figure 3.8). Cells in a hypertonic solution will shrivel as water leaves the cell via osmosis. In contrast, a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution is said to be hypotonic, and water molecules tend to diffuse out of a hypotonic solution. Cells in a hypotonic solution will take on too much water and swell, with the risk of eventually bursting. A critical aspect of homeostasis in living things is to create an internal environment in which all of the body's cells are in an isotonic solution. Various organ systems, particularly the kidneys, work to maintain this homeostasis. Q: What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution as water leaves the cell via osmosis? Choices: - get larger - evaporation - self destruction - shrinkage A:
**Answer**
shrinkage
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. In the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. Finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give a spiral structure. The molecular order increases from the nematic phase to the smectic phase to the cholesteric phase, and the phases become increasingly opaque. Molecules that form liquid crystals tend to be rigid molecules with polar groups that exhibit relatively strong dipoledipole or dipoleinduced dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, or some combination of both. Some examples of substances that form liquid crystals are listed in Figure 11.27 "Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*" along with their characteristic phase transition temperature ranges. In most cases, the intermolecular interactions are due to the presence of polar or polarizable groups. Aromatic rings and multiple bonds between carbon and nitrogen or oxygen are especially common. Moreover, many liquid crystals are composed of molecules with two similar halves connected by a unit having a multiple bond. Figure 11.27 Structures of Typical Molecules That Form Liquid Crystals*. Q: In the nematic phase, only the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the ends are staggered at random intervals. in the smectic phase, the long axes of the molecules are parallel, and the molecules are also arranged in planes. finally, in thecholesteric phase, the molecules are arranged in layers; each layer is rotated with respect to the ones above and below it to give it this? Choices: - layer structure - kinetic energy - symmetry - spiral structure A:
(A).
spiral structure