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Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Zero Gravity, Zero Tax Act of
2003''.

SEC. 2. EXCLUSION OF SPACE-RELATED INCOME FROM GROSS INCOME.

(a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to items specifically excluded
from gross income) is amended by redesignating section 140 as section
140A and inserting after section 139 the following new section:

''SEC. 140. SPACE-RELATED INCOME.

''(a) General Rule.--Gross income shall not include space-related
income.
''(b) Space-Related Income.--
''(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term
'space-related income' means--
''(A) income derived from the sale by the taxpayer
to an unrelated person of--
''(i) any product or article which is
produced by the taxpayer in outer space, and
''(ii) any service provided by the taxpayer
in or from outer space,
''(B) income of an individual attributable to
services performed in or from outer space by such
individual in a trade or business, and
''(C) any amount not described in subparagraph (A)
or (B) which is interest, rent, royalty, or similar
amount received with respect to production or service
described in subparagraph (A) or (B).
''(2) Exception for telecommunications services, etc.--
Paragraph (1)(A)(ii) shall not apply to--
''(A) any telecommunications service provided from
earth orbit,
''(B) any service provided by a weather or other
earth observation satellite, and
''(C) any other service provided on or before the
date of the enactment of this section of transporting
property to or from outer space.
''(3) Exception for wages.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply
to wages (as defined in section 3401) received by any employee
of an employer.
''(4) Proportional allocation between space-based and
earth-based activities.--In the case of any product or article
which is produced partly in space, space-related income shall
be an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of gross
income attributable to the sale of such product or article as
the expenses attributable to producing such product or article
in space bears to the total expenses incurred in producing such
product or article.
''(5) Produced.--For purposes of this section, the term
'produced' includes created, fabricated, developed, grown,
manufactured, extracted, processed, cured, and aged.
''(c) Exclusion From Tariffs, Etc.--Any product--
''(1) which is manufactured in outer space, and
''(2) which was--
''(A) launched from, and returned to Earth, within
the United States, or
''(B) Manufactured at a facility in outer space
which is owned by 1 or more United States persons,
shall be exempt from all Federal excises, imposts, and
duties and any other Federal tariffs.
''(d) Phaseout of Benefits.--In the case of a taxable year
beginning after December 31, 2012, the amount excluded under subsection
(a) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by x/10th's of the amount
excludable without regard to this subsection, where 'x' is the number
of years such taxable year is after the last taxable year beginning
before January 1, 2013. A similar rule shall apply to the benefits
under subsection (c).''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by striking the last
item and inserting the following new items:

''Sec. 140. Space-related income.
''Sec. 140A. Cross references to other
Acts.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.

SEC. 3. CREDIT FOR PURCHASE OF QUALIFIED SPACE COMPANY STOCK.

(a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related
credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''SEC. 45G. SPACE COMPANY INVESTMENT CREDIT.

''(a) General Rule.--For purposes of section 38, the space company
investment credit determined under this section for any taxable year is
the amount paid in the taxable year for the purchase of qualified stock
in a qualified space company.
''(b) Qualified Space Company.--For purposes of this section--
''(1) In general.--The term 'qualified space company' means
a domestic C corporation if for the 3-taxable-year period
ending with the taxable year immediately preceding the taxable
year in which qualified stock is purchased--
''(A) the average annual gross receipts of such
entity does not exceed $100,000,000, and
''(B) more than 70 percent of such gross receipts
are derived from space-based business.
''(2) Space-based business.--The term 'space-based
business' means a business whose gross receipts are
substantially space-related income, as defined in section
140(b).
''(3) Aggregation rules.--Rules similar to the rules of
section 1202(d)(3) shall apply.
''(c) Qualified Stock.--For purposes of this section--
''(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this
section, the term 'qualified stock' means any stock in a
domestic C corporation if--
''(A) as of the date of issuance of such stock,
such corporation is a qualified space company, and
''(B) except as provided in subsections (f) and
(h), such stock is acquired by the taxpayer at its
original issue (directly or through an underwriter)--
''(i) in exchange for money or other
property (not including stock), or
''(ii) as compensation for services
provided to such corporation (other than
services performed as an underwriter of such
stock).
''(2) Active business requirement.--Stock in a corporation
shall not be treated as qualified stock unless, during
substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such
stock--
''(A) such corporation meets active business
requirements substantially similar to the requirements
of section 1202(e), determined on the basis that the
qualified trade or business is a space-based business,
and
''(B) such corporation is a C corporation.
''(3) Certain purchase by corporation of its own stock.--
Rules similar to the rules of section 1202(c)(3) shall apply.
''(e) Recapture.--If, during any taxable year ending with or within
the 10-year period beginning on the date qualified stock was purchased
by the taxpayer, the issuer of such stock ceases to a qualified space
company, the tax under this chapter for such taxable year shall be
increased by the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed under
section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted solely
from reducing to zero any credit determined under subsection (a) with
respect to such stock.
''(f) Termination.--This section shall not apply to stock acquired
after December 31, 2011.''.
(b) Credit Allowed as Part of General Business Credit.--Section
38(b) of such Code (defining current year business credit) is amended
by striking ''plus'' at the end of paragraph (14), by striking the
period at the end of paragraph (15) and inserting '', plus'', and by
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(16) space company investment credit determined under
section 45G(a).''.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Section 39(d) of such Code is amended by adding at the
end the following new paragraph:
''(11) No carryback of space company investment credit
before january 1, 2004.--No portion of the unused business
credit for any taxable year which is attributable to the space
company investment credit determined under section 45G may be
carried back to a taxable year beginning before January 1,
2004.''.
(2) Subsection (c) of section 196 of such Code is amended
by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph (9), by striking
the period at the end of paragraph (10) and inserting '',
and'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(11) the space company investment credit determined under
section 45G(a).''.
(3) The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of
subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at
the end the following new item:

''Sec. 45G. Space Company Investment
Credit.''.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to costs paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2003.

SEC. 4. CAPITAL GAINS EXCLUSION.

(a) In General.--(1) Part I of subchapter P of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 (relating to treatment of capital gains) is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:

''SEC. 1203. EXCLUSION FOR GAINS FROM SALE OR EXCHANGE OF STOCK OF
QUALIFIED SPACE CORPORATIONS.

''(a) In General.--Gross income shall not include gain on the sale
or exchange of any stock of a qualified space corporation.
''(b) Qualified Space Corporation.--For purposes of subsection (a),
the term 'qualified space corporation' means, with respect to any
taxable year, a domestic corporation which is a C corporation if--
''(1) such corporation is organized exclusively for
providing to unrelated persons--
''(A) any product or article which is produced
(within the meaning of section 140(b)(5)) by the
corporation in outer space, or
''(B) any service provided by the corporation in or
from outer space, and
''(2) At least 90 percent of the expenses of such
corporation are attributable to the active conduct of a trade
or business of providing a product, article, or service
described in paragraph (1).
Such term shall not include a corporation providing a service, product,
or article described in section 140(b)(2).''.
(2) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part I of
subchapter P of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following
new item:

''Sec. 1203. Exclusion for gains from
sale or exchange of stock of
qualified space
corporations.''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.

A: Zero Gravity, Zero Tax Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude from gross income: (1) space-related income; and (2) gain on the sale or exchange of any stock of a qualified space corporation.Establishes a space company investment credit for the purchase of qualified stock in a qualified space company.
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Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Sage-Grouse and Mule Deer Habitat
Conservation and Restoration Act of 2018''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Covered vegetation management activity.--
(A) In general.--The term ''covered vegetation
management activity'' means any activity described in
subparagraph (B) that--
(i) is carried out on public land
administered by the Bureau of Land Management;
(ii) meets the objectives of the order of
the Secretary numbered 3336 and dated January
5, 2015;
(iii) conforms to an applicable land use
plan;
(iv) protects, restores, or improves
greater sage-grouse or mule deer habitat in a
sagebrush steppe ecosystem as described in--
(I) Circular 1416 of the United
States Geological Survey entitled
''Restoration Handbook for Sagebrush
Steppe Ecosystems with Emphasis on
Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat--Part 1.
Concepts for Understanding and Applying
Restoration'' (2015); or
(II) the habitat guidelines for
mule deer published by the Mule Deer
Working Group of the Western
Association of Fish and Wildlife
Agencies;
(v) will not permanently impair--
(I) the natural state of the
treated area;
(II) outstanding opportunities for
solitude;
(III) outstanding opportunities for
primitive, unconfined recreation;
(IV) economic opportunities
consistent with multiple-use
management; or
(V) the identified values of a unit
of the National Landscape Conservation
System; and
(vi)(I) restores native vegetation
following a natural disturbance;
(II) prevents the expansion into greater
sage-grouse or mule deer habitat of--
(aa) juniper, pinyon pine, or other
associated conifers; or
(bb) nonnative or invasive
vegetation;
(III) reduces the risk of loss of greater
sage-grouse or mule deer habitat from wildfire
or any other natural disturbance; or
(IV) provides emergency stabilization of
soil resources after a natural disturbance.
(B) Description of activities.--An activity
referred to in subparagraph (A) is--
(i) manual cutting and removal of juniper
trees, pinyon pine trees, other associated
conifers, or other nonnative or invasive
vegetation;
(ii) mechanical mastication, cutting, or
mowing, mechanical piling and burning,
chaining, broadcast burning, or yarding;
(iii) removal of cheat grass, medusa head
rye, or other nonnative, invasive vegetation;
(iv) collection and seeding or planting of
native vegetation using a manual, mechanical,
or aerial method;
(v) seeding of nonnative, noninvasive,
ruderal vegetation only for the purpose of
emergency stabilization;
(vi) targeted use of an herbicide, subject
to the condition that the use shall be in
accordance with applicable legal requirements,
Federal agency procedures, and land use plans;
(vii) targeted livestock grazing to
mitigate hazardous fuels and control noxious
and invasive weeds;
(viii) temporary removal of wild horses or
burros in the area in which the activity is
being carried out to ensure treatment
objectives are met;
(ix) in coordination with the affected
permit holder, modification or adjustment of
permissible usage under an annual plan of use
of a grazing permit issued by the Secretary to
achieve restoration treatment objectives;
(x) installation of new, or modification of
existing, fencing or water sources intended to
control use or improve wildlife habitat; or
(xi) necessary maintenance of, repairs to,
rehabilitation of, or reconstruction of an
existing permanent road or construction of
temporary roads to accomplish the activities
described in this subparagraph.
(C) Exclusions.--The term ''covered vegetation
management activity'' does not include--
(i) any activity conducted in a wilderness
area or wilderness study area; or
(ii) any activity for the construction of a
permanent road or permanent trail.
(2) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of the Interior.
(3) Temporary road.--The term ''temporary road'' means a
road that is--
(A) authorized--
(i) by a contract, permit, lease, other
written authorization; or
(ii) pursuant to an emergency operation;
(B) not intended to be part of the permanent
transportation system of a Federal department or
agency;
(C) not necessary for long-term resource
management;
(D) designed in accordance with standards
appropriate for the intended use of the road, taking
into consideration--
(i) safety;
(ii) the cost of transportation; and
(iii) impacts to land and resources; and
(E) managed to minimize--
(i) erosion; and
(ii) the introduction or spread of invasive
species.

SEC. 3. IMPROVEMENT OF HABITAT FOR GREATER SAGE-GROUSE AND MULE DEER.

(a) Categorical Exclusion.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop 1 or
more categorical exclusions (as defined in section 1508.4 of
title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor
regulation)) for covered vegetation management activities
carried out to protect, restore, or improve habitat for greater
sage-grouse or mule deer.
(2) Administration.--In developing and administering a
categorical exclusion under paragraph (1), the Secretary
shall--
(A) comply with the National Environmental Policy
Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
(B) apply the extraordinary circumstances
procedures under section 220.6 of title 36, Code of
Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), in
determining whether to use the categorical exclusion;
and
(C) consider--
(i) the relative efficacy of landscape-
scale habitat projects;
(ii) the likelihood of continued declines
in the populations of greater sage-grouse and
mule deer in the absence of landscape-scale
vegetation management; and
(iii) the need for habitat restoration
activities after wildfire or other natural
disturbances.
(b) Implementation of Covered Vegetative Management Activities
Within the Range of Greater Sage-grouse and Mule Deer.--If a
categorical exclusion developed under subsection (a) is used to
implement a covered vegetative management activity in an area within
the range of both greater sage-grouse and mule deer, the covered
vegetative management activity shall protect, restore, or improve
habitat concurrently for both greater sage-grouse and mule deer.
(c) Long-term Monitoring and Maintenance.--Before commencing any
covered vegetation management activity that is covered by a categorical
exclusion under subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop a long-term
monitoring and maintenance plan, covering at least the 20 year-period
beginning on the date of commencement, to ensure that management of the
treated area does not degrade the habitat gains secured by the covered
vegetation management activity.
(d) Disposal of Vegetative Material.--Subject to applicable local
restrictions, any vegetative material resulting from a covered
vegetation management activity that is covered by a categorical
exclusion under subsection (a) may be--
(1) used for--
(A) fuel wood; or
(B) other products; or
(2) piled or burned, or both.
(e) Treatment for Temporary Roads.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 2(1)(B)(xi), any
temporary road constructed in carrying out a covered vegetation
management activity that is covered by a categorical exclusion
under subsection (a)--
(A) shall be used by the Secretary for the covered
vegetation management activity for not more than 2
years; and
(B) shall be decommissioned by the Secretary not
later than 3 years after the earlier of the date on
which--
(i) the temporary road is no longer needed;
and
(ii) the project is completed.
(2) Requirement.--A treatment under paragraph (1) shall
include reestablishing native vegetative cover--
(A) as soon as practicable; but
(B) not later than 10 years after the date of
completion of the applicable covered vegetation
management activity.

Passed the Senate September 6, 2018.

Attest:

JULIE E. ADAMS,

Secretary.

A: Sage-Grouse and Mule Deer Habitat Conservation and Restoration Act of 2017 This bill directs the Department of Interior to categorically exclude vegetative management activities that establish or improve habitat for greater sage-grouse and mule deer from environmental review requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Examples of vegetative management activities include restoring native vegetation following a natural disturbance or preventing the expansion of nonnative or invasive vegetation into such habitat. A categorical exclusion under NEPA is a category of actions which do not have a significant effect on the human environment and for which neither an Environmental Assessment nor an Environmental Impact Statement is required. The bill prohibits the categorical exclusion from including: (1) activity conducted in a wilderness area or wilderness study area, or (2) activity for the construction of a permanent road or trail. Before commencing a vegetative management activity that is covered by a categorical exclusion, Interior must develop a long-term monitoring and maintenance plan, covering at least 20 years, to ensure that management of the treated area does not degrade the habitat gains secured by the vegetative management activity. Vegetative material resulting from vegetative management activity may be: (1) used for fuel wood or other products; or (2) piled or burned, or both. Native vegetative cover must be reestablished on a temporary road constructed in connection with a categorically excluded vegetative management activity in order to minimize soil erosion from areas disturbed by the temporary road.
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Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Ask Veterans Act''.

SEC. 2. SURVEY OF VETERAN EXPERIENCES WITH DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS
AFFAIRS MEDICAL CARE.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall seek to
enter into a contract with a non-government entity with significant
experience conducting scientifically verifiable surveys and research to
conduct an annual survey of a statistically significant sample of
veterans who reside in the geographic area served by each of the
medical facilities of the Department of Veterans Affairs to determine
the nature of the experiences of such veterans in obtaining hospital
care and medical services furnished by the Secretary at each such
medical facility. Each such survey shall be conducted using scientific
and verifiable methods. Such contract shall provide that the non-
government entity shall conduct such annual surveys during the five-
year period beginning on the date on which the Secretary enters into
the contract with the non-government entity.
(b) Contents.--The contract entered into under subsection (a) shall
provide that each survey conducted pursuant to the contract shall be
specific to a medical facility of the Department and shall include
questions relating to the experiences of veterans in requesting and
receiving appointments for hospital care and medical services furnished
by the Secretary at that medical facility, including questions relating
to each of the following:
(1) The veteran's ability to obtain hospital care and
medical services at the facility in a timely manner.
(2) The period of time between the date on which the
veteran requests an appointment at the facility and the date on
which the appointment is scheduled.
(3) The frequency with which scheduled appointments are
cancelled by the facility.
(4) The quality of hospital care or medical services the
veteran has received at the facility.
(c) Consultation.--The contract entered into under subsection (a)
shall provide that in designing and conducting the surveys for each
medical facility of the Department pursuant to such contract, the non-
government entity shall consult with veterans service organizations.
(d) Certification.--The contract entered into under subsection (a)
shall provide that--
(1) before conducting a survey pursuant to the contract,
the non-government entity shall submit the proposed survey to
the Comptroller General who shall assess whether the survey is
scientifically valid and whether the proposed sample size of
veterans to be surveyed is statistically significant; and
(2) the non-government entity may not conduct such a survey
until the Comptroller General provides such a certification for
the survey.
(e) Submittal of Results and Public Availability of Information.--
Not later than 30 days after the completion of the surveys conducted
pursuant to a contract entered into under subsection (a) for a year,
the Secretary shall make the results of the surveys publicly available
on the Internet website of the Department.
(f) Paperwork Reduction.--Subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44,
United States Code shall not apply to this section.
(g) Deadline for Implementation.--The Secretary shall enter into a
contract under subsection (a) for each medical facility of the
Department by not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act.

SEC. 3. MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT FOR VETERANS WHO SERVED IN CLASSIFIED
MISSIONS.

(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that veterans
who experience combat-related mental health wounds should have
immediate, appropriate, and consistent access to comprehensive mental
health care.
(b) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 17 of title 38, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following section:
''Sec. 1720H. Mental health treatment for veterans who served in
classified missions
''(a) Establishment of Standards.--(1) The Secretary shall
establish standards and procedures to ensure that each covered veteran
may access mental health care provided by the Secretary in a manner
that fully accommodates the obligation of the veteran to not improperly
disclose classified information.
''(2) The Secretary shall disseminate guidance to employees of the
Veterans Health Administration, including mental health professionals,
on the standards and procedures established under paragraph (1) and how
to best engage covered veterans during the course of mental health
treatment with respect to classified information.
''(b) Identification.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall ensure that a veteran may elect to identify as a covered veteran
on an appropriate form.
''(c) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) The term 'classified information' means any
information or material that has been determined by an official
of the United States pursuant to law, an Executive order, or
regulation to require protection against unauthorized
disclosure for reasons of national security.
''(2) The term 'covered veteran' means a veteran who--
''(A) is enrolled in the health care system
established under section 1705(a) of this title;
''(B) is seeking mental health treatment; and
''(C) in the course of serving in the Armed Forces,
participated in a sensitive mission or served in a
sensitive unit.
''(3) The term 'sensitive mission' means a mission of the
Armed Forces that, at the time at which a covered veteran seeks
treatment, is classified.
''(4) The term 'sensitive unit' has the meaning given that
term in section 130b(c)(4) of title 10.''.
(c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of
such chapter is amended by adding after the item relating to section
1720G the following new item:

''1720H. Mental health treatment for veterans who served in classified
missions.''.

SEC. 4. BOARD OF VETERANS' APPEALS VIDEO HEARINGS.

Section 7107 of title 38, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (d), by amending paragraph (1) to read as
follows:
''(1)(A) Upon request for a hearing, the Board shall determine, for
purposes of scheduling the hearing for the earliest possible date,
whether a hearing before the Board will be held at its principal
location or at a facility of the Department or other appropriate
Federal facility located within the area served by a regional office of
the Department. The Board shall also determine whether to provide a
hearing through the use of the facilities and equipment described in
subsection (e)(1) or by the appellant personally appearing before a
Board member or panel.
''(B) The Board shall notify the appellant of the determinations of
the location and type of hearing made under subparagraph (A). Upon
notification, the appellant may request a different location or type of
hearing as described in such subparagraph. If so requested, the Board
shall grant such request and ensure that the hearing is scheduled at
the earliest possible date without any undue delay or other prejudice
to the appellant.''; and
(2) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
follows:
''(2) Any hearing provided through the use of the facilities and
equipment described in paragraph (1) shall be conducted in the same
manner as, and shall be considered the equivalent of, a personal
hearing.''.

A:
Ask Veterans Act - Directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (VA) to contract with an experienced non-government entity to conduct an annual survey, over a five-year period, of a statistically significant sample of veterans who reside in the geographic area served by each VA medical facility to determine the experiences of such veterans in obtaining hospital care and medical services at such facility. Requires those surveys to include questions relating to: the veteran's ability to obtain hospital care and medical services at the facility in a timely manner, the time that expires between the date the veteran requests an appointment and the date on which the appointment is scheduled, the frequency with which scheduled appointments are cancelled, and the quality of hospital care or medical services the veteran receives. Requires the non-government entity to consult with veterans service organizations in designing and conducting the surveys. Prohibits the non-government entity from conducting a survey before the Comptroller General (GAO) certifies the survey as scientifically valid and the proposed sample size of veterans as statistically significant. Directs the Secretary to make the results of the surveys publicly available on the VA's Internet website.
****