input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ethanol and resveratrol, a phenol, are representatives of two of the families of oxygencontaining compounds that we consider in this chapter. Two other classes, aldehydes and ketones, are formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Ethers, another class, are made by the dehydration of alcohols. Q: What class of oxygencontaining compounds is formed by the dehydration of alcohols? A:
OPTIONS:
- reagents
- sugars
- nethers
- ethers
output: ethers

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 24.5 Metabolic States of the Body There are three main metabolic states of the body: absorptive (fed), postabsorptive (fasting), and starvation. During any given day, your metabolism switches between absorptive and postabsorptive states. Starvation states happen very rarely in generally well-nourished individuals. When the body is fed, glucose, fats, and proteins are absorbed across the intestinal membrane and enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system to be used immediately for fuel. Any excess is stored for later fasting stages. As blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin to stimulate the uptake of glucose by hepatocytes in the liver, muscle cells/fibers, and adipocytes (fat cells), and to promote its conversion to glycogen. As the postabsorptive state begins, glucose levels drop, and there is a corresponding drop in insulin levels. Falling glucose levels trigger the pancreas to release glucagon to turn off glycogen synthesis in the liver and stimulate its breakdown into glucose. The glucose is released into the bloodstream to serve as a fuel source for cells throughout the body. If glycogen stores are depleted during fasting, alternative sources, including fatty acids and proteins, can be metabolized and used as fuel. When the body once again enters the absorptive state after fasting, fats and proteins are digested and used to replenish fat. Q: As blood glucose levels rise what is released from the pancreas? A:

OPTIONS:
- adrenaline
- estrogen
- hemoglobin
- insulin

A: insulin

input: OPTIONS:
- superficial mutations
- evolutionary mutations
- provisional mutations
- beneficial mutations Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some mutations have a positive effect on the organism in which they occur. They are called beneficial mutations. They lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism's changes of surviving or reproducing, so they are likely to become more common over time. There are several well-known examples of beneficial mutations. Here are just two:. Q: Some mutations lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment and are essential for evolution to occur. what are these mutations known as? A:
A:
output: beneficial mutations

Answer the following question given this paragraph: If the rocks on one or both sides of a fracture move, the fracture is called a fault ( Figure below ). Faults can occur alone or in clusters. A cluster of faults creates a fault zone . Earthquakes happen when rocks break and move suddenly. The energy released causes an earthquake. Q: What is the fracture called when rocks on both sides move? A:

OPTIONS:
- a crevice
- a shear
- a stress fracture
- a fault

Answer: a fault

Problem: OPTIONS:
- Gibbs
- CT Fletcher
- Mendel
- carl woese
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 1.17 This phylogenetic tree was constructed by microbiologist Carl Woese using data obtained from sequencing ribosomal RNA genes. The tree shows the separation of living organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes, single-celled organisms lacking intracellular organelles. (credit: Eric Gaba; NASA Astrobiology Institute). Q: What scientist constructed a tree diagram, separating living organisms into three domains? A:
Answer: carl woese

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 2.2 Chemical Bonds Each moment of life, atoms of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and the other elements of the human body are making and breaking chemical bonds. Ions are charged atoms that form when an atom donates or accepts one or more negatively charged electrons. Cations (ions with a positive charge) are attracted to anions (ions with a negative charge). This attraction is called an ionic bond. In covalent bonds, the participating atoms do not lose or gain electrons, but rather share them. Molecules with nonpolar covalent bonds are electrically balanced, and have a linear three-dimensional shape. Molecules with polar covalent bonds have "poles"regions of weakly positive and negative chargeand have a triangular three-dimensional shape. An atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen form water molecules by means of polar covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonds link hydrogen atoms already participating in polar covalent bonds to anions or electronegative regions of other polar molecules. Hydrogen bonds link water molecules, resulting in the properties of water that are important to living things. Q: Cations are attracted to anions, which are ions with what charge? A:

OPTIONS:
- similar
- neutral
- positive
- negative

Answer:
negative