Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Prepubertal children and early adolescents with bipolar disorders (PEA-BP) who participate in the ongoing study "Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders" have a high prevalence of ultradian (within 24-hour periods) rapid cycling. Based on a case-control finding reported in bipolar (BP) adults of an association between rapid and ultradian rapid cycling with the low-activity allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (l-COMT), study of linkage and linkage disequilibrium of l-COMT in the PEA-BP population seemed warranted.', "Genotypes on a subset of the larger PEA-BP sample, for whom trio blood collection was complete (i. e., probands and both of their biological parents), were used to perform transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs). Diagnoses were established from a comprehensive battery that included WASH-U-KSADS (Washington University Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) given to both mothers and children and from consensus conferences. Probands with PEA-BP (N = 52) were 10.9 +/- 2.8 years old at index episode; had a mean age of BP onset at 8.0 +/- 3.8 years; were severely impaired, with a mean Children's Global Assessment Scale score of 44.5 +/- 8.9; and manifested the cardinal features of BP (84.6% had euphoric mood, 76.9% had grandiosity, and 57.7% had psychosis). Ultradian rapid cycling occurred in 75%. Genotyping of the single nucleotide polymorphism at COMT was performed using automated capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformational polymorphism with detection by laser-induced fluorescence.", 'Transmission disequilibrium tests were not significant for preferential transmission of l-COMT for the ultradian rapid-cycling subgroup or for the entire PEA-BP sample.

Answer: Is ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles?

Question: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is a candidate gene in therapeutic responses to antidepressants. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of BDNF allelic variability on responses to escitalopram treatment at 3weeks after treatment initiation and at a 6-week endpoint.', 'We included 187 Caucasian subjects with depression; 153 completed the 6-week study. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) before and after 3-6 weeks of treatment.', 'After 3weeks of treatment, we saw significantly better treatment responses in the Met carriers and greater antidepressant resistance among the Val/Val homozygotes. Relative to Val/Val homozygous (59.78%), a significantly greater proportion of subjects Met-carriers (77.94%) responded to escitalopram treatment ( (2)=5.88, p=0.015). After 6weeks, we found the same pattern of results but this effect did not reach statistical significance ( (2)=2.07, p=0.15).

Answer: Is the BDNF Val ( 66 ) Met polymorphism associated with escitalopram response in depressed patients?

Question: The safety of a potential AIDS vaccine is an issue that will become critical at later stages of product development and needs to be addressed before it is too late.', 'In order to design safer vaccine, the HIV antigens, to be deployed in it, should be free of regions that are either present in human proteins or exhibit pronounced structural similarity to proteins responsible for important physiological functions.', 'The approach is based on the use of an original matrix predicting the antigenic similarity of amino acids. This mathematical approach developed by us was applied for identification of fragments with similarity to human proteins within potentially immunodominant regions of HIV proteins. A potential self-sensitization by viral quasispecies with variants of hypervariable V3 region, generated as a result of immune pressure on the immunodominant region of envelope, was considered in detail.', 'Viral fragments occurring in normal human proteins as well as regions exhibiting high similarity to proteins responsible for physiological homeostasis were identified in every HIV protein at a frequency higher than expected. Most such regions contained either T-cell (CD8(+) CTL or CD4(+) Helper) or B-cell epitopes, or both of them simultaneously. The gained knowledge was applied in designing a synthetic immunogen containing multiple CTL epitopes. The synthesis of series of chimeric peptides representing hypervariable region of V3 loop of HIV envelope, to be used as a multi-epitope or mixotope vaccine candidate, has been achieved. Such a vaccine could theoretically pre-empt any escape mutant borrowing from antigenic diversity of hypervariable region of V3 loop of HIV envelope.

Answer:
Is exclusion of HIV epitopes shared with human proteins prerequisite for designing safer AIDS vaccines?