In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Walsh calculated this quantity by considering stretching force constants, while Philips used dielectric values to calculate it for diamond-like crystals. Allen utilized the configuration energy to find it, while Huggins proposed an alternative to the (*) original thermal chemical method. Martynov and Batsanov determined it by averaging successive ionization energies while Sanderson measured electron density to determine it. Both Gordy and Allred-Rochow made use of the covalent radius and the effective nuclear charge, while Mulliken utilized the ionization potential and the electron affinity. For 10 points, name this chemical property whose most commonly used definition is the one developed by Linus Pauling, which assigns the highest value for this property to fluorine.
Science