Problem: Article: Start pruning year-one gooseberry bushes in the early spring. Choose 5 of the strongest and thickest-looking stems coming off the main stem of the bush. Use a pair of sterilized hand shears to cut away the other growth to the main stem of the plant. Gooseberry branches should fan outward from the main stem and shouldn't cross over the middle of the plant. Isolating 5 branches will allow your gooseberry plant to focus its energy on those branches, which will lead to bigger harvesting yields. Locate an upward-facing bud on the main branches of the plant and use your shears to cut straight, right above the bud. Once you're done, measure the length of the branches with a tape measure so that you can monitor the plant's growth. Cutting back the main branches in the early spring will encourage growth throughout the growing season. After the plant has grown through the spring and summer, cut half of all new growth in November. Refer to the measurements that you took in the spring to determine the length of the new growth. Small branches or leaves growing near the base of the plant are called suckers and will compete with the growth of fruit the next year. Cut these away with your gardening shears.
Summary: Prune back all but 5 branches during the first year. Cut the 5 main branches in half. Cut 1/2 of the new growth during the winter. Prune suckers at the base of the plant.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: While you can pray for anything during a fast, determining an objective for your fast beforehand provides you with a focal point to center the majority of your prayers around. Be open to a change in focus. It is possible that you will feel called to fast for one reason, only to discover that God wants you to meditate over another objective, instead. You can follow a Bible study guide or turn through the pages of your Bible in whatever way you feel called to do. Take notes on what you read and pray for a fuller understanding of scriptural lessons. Note that if you are not a Christian, you should meditate over whichever holy text lies at the heart of your faith. You can also meditate over spiritual books that you are reading during the time of your fast. The majority of your prayers will likely be impromptu, personal prayers in your own words. When you are lost for words, however, consider switching to a scripted prayer in order to guide your communication with God. One of the most common scripted prayers is the "Lord's Prayer," also called the "Our Father." Any scripted prayer can be used, however, especially if it calls to you. The use of prayer aides can be controversial for some faiths, but they are acceptable for many others. Common prayer aides associated with Catholicism include rosaries, saint medals, and crucifixes. For non-Catholic denominations of Christianity, you could consider listening to instrumental versions of common hymns or using non-rosary prayer beads. While most of your prayers will likely be done on a personal, individual level, you can consider praying with others during your fast, as well. Praying in a group is thought to petition God to be among you, making group prayer a powerful tool. You can pray aloud or silently. If praying aloud, however, avoid comparing your own prayers with those of the people around you. Good prayer partners during a fast usually include the people you have informed about your fast and anyone who is fasting alongside you. You can pray at any time of the day, regardless of where you are or what is happening around you. During a time of focused prayer like a fast, though, it is important that you find silent time to spend with God in a one-on-one manner. You could use a quiet spot indoors. A bedroom is often a good place, but any quiet corner of your home or office is appropriate. You can even pray when you find yourself alone in your car. Alternatively, you can pray outdoors, as well. A quiet spot in the woods allows you to spend time in prayer with God while also admiring God's creation. Making a prayer schedule can be useful, especially for extended fasts, but you should not obey your schedule so strictly that you prevent yourself from praying spontaneously as the Spirit calls you. Pray during your newly-created free time. The time you would usually spend on eating, watching television, or performing a habit you decided to fast from can be spent in prayer. Make a point of starting and ending your day with a time of prayer.

SUMMARY: Focus on the reason for your fast. Meditate over Scripture. Pray personal prayers and scripted prayers. Use prayer aides. Pray with others. Find a quiet spot. Balance scheduled prayer and spontaneous prayer.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: By the time you are in your fourth year of your undergraduate degree, you should be able to determine whether this is truly the right field for you. If you plan to move directly into a graduate program, you will want to start researching programs near the beginning of your final undergraduate year. Applications will usually be due near the beginning of the Spring semester (around January through March) of your final undergraduate year. Some programs may require you to take the GRE before applying. (This is similar to the SAT or ACT, but for graduate school.) An MS (or Master of Science) degree in Exercise Physiology can open you to more career opportunities. Some programs offer what's known as a "fifth year Master's," meaning that after you complete your undergraduate degree (BS), you simply stay on for one more year to earn your MS. If your undergraduate university does not offer such an option, begin looking for ASEP accredited MS programs that suit your needs. When you find the right program, apply right away, Once you are accepted, spend 1-3 years completing your degree. Depending on your program, you may need to write a research report or thesis to finish. A PhD in exercise physiology (kinesiology) will be a research-heavy program. Like an MS program, you will continue to study the science of exercise and nutrition. However, as a PhD student, you will be expected to conduct research and contribute new knowledge to the field. In order to complete your degree, you will need to research and write a doctoral dissertation. If you know you would like to complete a Ph.D., look for an MS program that will prepare you for a Ph.D., or better yet, an MS program that leads directly into a PhD program. Begin applying to PhD programs during your final year of your MS. Once you are accepted, spent 3-5 years (or more) pursuing your PhD. Make sure that any program you choose is ASEP certified. Many MS and PhD programs in exercise physiology will offer assistantships to students. This means that graduate students may complete teaching, research, or other types of work in exchange for a tuition waver. Beyond simply making graduate school more affordable for students, this hands-on professional training is excellent for students of exercise physiology at any level.
Summary:
Decide if you would like to further your education. Consider an MS. Consider a PhD. Look for a program that offers assistantships.