Q:Information: - Sanskrit (English pronunciation:; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism and "Mahyna" Buddhism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. It was also a literary language that was in use as a "lingua franca" in ancient and medieval South Asia. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies. - The "Trimrti" (Sanskrit: "", "three forms") is the trinity of supreme divinity in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified as a triad of deities, typically Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer/transformer, though individual denominations may vary from that particular line-up. When all three deities of the Trimurti incarnate into a single avatar, the avatar is known as Dattatreya. - Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism. It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, rather than a religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia. - The Mahabharata or Mahbhrata (US ; UK "") is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the "Ramayana". - Vishnu (IAST: "") is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, and the Supreme Being in its Vaishnavism tradition. Along with Brahma and Shiva, Vishnu forms a Hindu trinity (Trimurti); however, ancient Hindu texts do mention other trinities of gods or goddesses. - Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as "", "the eternal law," or the "eternal way," beyond human origins. Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder. This "Hindu synthesis" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE). - The Garuda Purana is one of eighteen "Mahpura" genre of texts in Hinduism. It is a part of Vaishnavism literature corpus, primarily centering around Hindu god Vishnu but praises all gods. Composed in Sanskrit, the earliest version of the text may have been composed in the 1st millennium CE, but it was likely expanded and changed over a long period of time. - Krishna (Sanskrit: , "" in IAST, pronounced ) is a major Hindu deity worshiped in a variety of different perspectives. Krishna is recognized as the Svayam Bhagavan in his own right or as the absolute incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Krishna is one of the most widely worshiped and popular of all Hindu deities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) of the month of Shraavana in the Hindu calendar. - The Padma Purana (Sanskrit: ) is one of the eighteen major Puranas, a genre of texts of Hinduism. It is an encyclopedic text, named after the lotus in which creator god Brahma appeared, and includes large sections dedicated to Vishnu, as well significant sections on Shiva and Shakti. - In Sanskrit grammar a () compound is a dependent determinative compound, i.e. a compound XY meaning a type of Y which is related to X in a way corresponding to one of the grammatical cases of X. - As stotras, Sahasra-namas are songs of praise, a type of devotional literature. The word is a compound of ' "thousand" and ' "name". A Sahasranma often includes the names of other deities, suggesting henotheistic equivalence. Thus Ganesha Sahasranama list of one thousand names includes Brahma, Vishnu, Shakti, Shiva, Rudra, SadaShiva and others. It also includes epithets such as Jiva (life force), Satya (truth), Param (highest), Jnana (knowledge) and others. The Vishnu Sahasranamam includes in its list, work and "jnana-yajna" (offering of knowledge) as two attributes of Vishnu. Lalita Sahasranama, similarly, includes the energies of a goddess that manifest in an individual as desire, wisdom and action. - In monotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by most theologians includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), divine simplicity, and as having an eternal and necessary existence. Many theologians also describe God as being omnibenevolent (perfectly good) and all loving. - Supreme Being is a term for God used by theologians and philosophers of many religious faiths, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, and deism. - Hindu deities are the gods and goddesses in Hinduism. The terms and epithets for deity within the diverse traditions of Hinduism vary, and include Deva, Devi, Ishvara, Bhagavan and Bhagavathi. - Hindu calendar is a collective name for most of the luni-sidereal calendars and sidereal calendars traditionally used in Hinduism. - rvaa is a month of the Hindu calendar. In India's national civil calendar, rvaa is the fifth month of the Hindu year, beginning in late July and ending in the third week of August. In the Tamil calendar, it is known as vani and is the fifth month of the solar year. rvaa begins with the Sun's entry into Leo. In lunar religious calendars, rvaa begins on the new moon and is the fifth month of the year. "Srabon" (also spelt "Sravan") is the fourth month of the Bengali calendar. This is also the 2nd month of "Varsha" (rainy) season. - Hindu texts are manuscripts and historic literature related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. A few texts are shared resources across these traditions and broadly considered as Hindu scriptures. These include the Vedas and the Upanishads. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scripture" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, many include Bhagavad Gita and Agamas as Hindu scriptures, while Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti to the list of Hindu scriptures. - The Skanda Purana (IAST: Skanda Pura) is the largest "Mahpura", a genre of eighteen Hindu religious texts. The text contains over 81,000 verses, and is part of Shaivite literature, titled after Skanda, a son of Shiva and Parvati, who is also known as Kartikeya and Murugan. While the text is named after Skanda, he does not feature either more or less prominently in this text than in other Shiva-related Puranas. The text has been an important historical record and influence on the Hindu traditions related to war-god Skanda. - Paksha (or "paka": ) refers to a fortnight or a lunar phase in a month of the Hindu lunar calendar. - Shiva ( Tamil Sanskrit: , lit. "the auspicious one") is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme God within Shaivism, one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism. - Gvida and Gopla ( Sanskrit / Hindi : and ) ( also known as Govind and Gopal ) are the names of Vishnu which mean '' The finder of Veda '' & '' Protector of Veda '' as ' Go ' means Veda not Cow . So Govinda Gopala does not mean Cowherd or Protector of Cows . These names are also popularly addressed to Krishna , referring to his youthful activity as a cowherd . This name appears as the 187th and the 539th name of Lord Vishnu in Vishnu Sahasranama . Lord Vishnu or his complete incarnation Krishna are regarded as the Supreme God in the Vaishnava tradition and also by much of the pan-Hindu tradition . Gopala Krishna of Krishnaism is often contrasted with Vedism when Krishna asks his followers to desist from Vedic demigod worship such as Indra worship . Thus the character of Gopala Krishna is often considered to be non-Vedic in one interpretation , while it can also be based on the popular understanding or rather misunderstanding of the Rig Vedic texts . According to Klaus Klostermaier , Kumar Gopijanavallabha , Krishna the lover of the Gopis , is the latest stage in the historical process resulting in contemporary Krishnaism , being added to the worship of Bala Krishna ( the Divine Child Krishna ) , and the original cult of Krishna - Vasudeva which may date back to several centuries before the Common Era . - The Vishnu Sahasranama (Sanskrit: ""), a tatpurusha compound, is a list of 1,000 names (sahasranama) of Vishnu, one of the main forms of God in Hinduism and the personal supreme God for Vaishnavas (followers of Vishnu). It is also one of the most sacred and commonly chanted stotras in Hinduism. The Vishnusahasranama as found in the Anushasana Parva of the "Mahabharata" is the most popular version of the 1,000 names of Vishnu. Other versions exists in the "Padma Purana", Skanda Purana and Garuda Purana. Each name eulogizes one of His countless great attributes. - Ashtami ( "aham") is the eighth day (Tithi) of Hindu lunar calendar. - Stotra or Stotram (') is a Sanskrit word, that means "ode, eulogy or a hymn of praise". It is a literary genre of Indian texts designed to be melodically sung, in contrast to shastras which are composed to be recited. - Svayam Bhagavn (lit. " The Lord Himself ") is a Sanskrit theological term for the concept of absolute representation of God as "Bhagavan". He is the one eternal Supreme Being called "Brahma", "Vishnu", "Shiva" and "Trimurti". - In Hindu monotheism, the concept of God varies from one sect to another. Hinduism (by its nature as a regional rather than a doctrinal religious category) is not exclusively monotheistic, and has been described as spanning a wide range of henotheism, monotheism, polytheism, panentheism, pantheism, pandeism, monism, atheism and nontheism etc. - Brahma is the creator god in the Trimurti of Hinduism. He has four faces. Brahma is also known as "Svayambhu" (self-born), "Vga" (Lord of Speech), and the creator of the four Vedas, one from each of his mouths. Brahma is identified with the Vedic god Prajapati, as well as linked to Kama and Hiranyagarbha (the cosmic egg), he is more prominently mentioned in the post-Vedic Hindu epics and the mythologies in the Puranas. In the epics, he is conflated with Purusha. Brahma, along with Vishnu and Shiva, is part of a Hindu Trinity; however, ancient Hindu texts mention other trinities of gods or goddesses which do not include Brahma. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'instance of'.
A:
govinda , concept