Q: In chemistry, the standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. In principle, the choice of standard state is arbitrary, although the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends a conventional set of standard states for general use. IUPAC recommends using a standard pressure "p"= 10Pa. Strictly speaking, temperature is not part of the definition of a standard state. For example, as discussed below, the standard state of a gas is conventionally chosen to be unit pressure (usually in bar) ideal gas, regardless of the temperature. However, most tables of thermodynamic quantities are compiled at specific temperatures, most commonly or, somewhat less commonly, .

The standard state should not be confused with standard temperature and pressure (STP) for gases, nor with the standard solutions used in analytical chemistry.

For a given material or substance, the standard state is the reference state for the material's thermodynamic state properties such as enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and for many other material standards. The standard enthalpy change of formation for an element in its standard state is zero, and this convention allows a wide range of other thermodynamic quantities to be calculated and tabulated. The standard state of a substance does not have to exist in nature: for example, it is possible to calculate values for steam at 298.15K and 10Pa, although steam does not exist (as a gas) under these conditions. The advantage of this practice is that tables of thermodynamic properties prepared in this way are self-consistent.

1. a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions

Numbered questions:
1. what is the standard state of a material?

Q: CHAPTER XXXII. THE TEST OF DAY-DREAMS

Faith's meanest deed more favour bears, Where hearts and wills are weighed, Than brightest transports, choicest prayers, That bloom their hour and fade.-J. H. NEWMAN.

That return to Brompton was the signal for the numerous worries awaiting Clement. First, the doctors thought him much improved, but declared that a return to full work at St. Matthew's would overthrow all the benefit of his long rest, and would not hear of his going back, even with another curate, for an experiment.

Then all went down to Vale Leston together. Mr. Ed'dard was welcomed with rapture by his old flock. Alda had been almost ill with excitement and delight, and had not words enough to show her ecstasy over her beautiful daughter, nor her gratitude to Geraldine, to whose management she insisted on attributing the glorious result. In vain did Geraldine disclaim all diplomacy, Lady Vanderkist was sure that all came of her savoir faire. At any rate, it was really comfortable to be better beloved by Alda than ever in the course of her life! Alda even intimated that she should be well enough to come to Brompton to assist in the choice of the trousseau, and the first annoyance was with Clement for not allotting a disproportioned sum for the purpose. He declared that Francie ought not to have more spent on her than was reserved for her sisters, especially as it would be easy for her to supply all deficiencies, while Alda could not endure that the future Lady Ivinghoe should have an outfit unworthy of her rank, even though both Wilmet and Geraldine undertook to assist.

1. Lady Vanderkist
2. Where hearts and wills are weighed
3. Clement
4. First, the doctors thought him much improved
5. St. Matthew's
6. would not hear of his going back,
7. unknown
8. Brompton
9. Clement
10. Alda could not endure that the future Lady Ivinghoe should have an outfit unworthy of her rank

Numbered questions:
1. Who gave the credit to savoi fare?
2. What bears favour?
3. Who had been sick?
4. How was he doing now?
5. Where did he work?
6. Was he working 40 + hours again?
7. Which lady wanted more expensive items than the others?
8. Where did Alsa want to go to help out?
9. Who wouldn't set aside money for her to go?
10. Who wanted nice new clothes?

Q: (CNN) -- Thus far, NBC's late-night transition has been like butter.

Jay Leno hosted his final episode of "The Tonight Show" on February 6 with massive celebrity support and even bigger ratings, and Jimmy Fallon took over on February 17 with the same level of excitement.

But there's still one more piece of the Peacock's puzzle left to be added: Seth Meyers.

At 12:35 a.m., the 40-year-old "Saturday Night Live" star will step behind the desk of "Late Night" and occupy a chair once filled by David Letterman, Conan O'Brien and, directly before him, his pal and fellow "Saturday Night Live" alum Fallon.

With that kind of history, it goes without saying that there's pressure on Meyers not to screw up. Yet instead of marching in and tearing down "Late Night's" past, Meyers is planning to keep tradition intact while playing to his strengths.

After 12 years on "SNL," nine of which he served as head writer, Meyers is by all accounts more of a cerebral comedian than a performer. His colleagues give him credit for being the guy who'd rather set up the joke than steal the thunder, and some of his best work doesn't even include his face. See: Tina Fey as Sarah Palin:

Or Louis C.K. as Abraham Lincoln:

Or Amy Poehler killing it as a rapping Sarah Palin:

"There's the class clown, and then there's the guy who sits in the back and says an aside about the class clown," Meyers said to The Wall Street Journal. "That's me."

1. Jimmy Fallon
2. 40
3. No
4. SNL
5. 12 years
6. Head writer
7. Tina Fey
8. Louis C.K.
9. Amy Poehler
10. The Wall Street Journal.
11. February 6
12. February 17
13. Great excitement
14. NBC

Numbered questions:
1. Who was taking over for Jay Leno?
2. How old is Myers?
3. Did he intend to tear down Late Nights past?
4. What did he do before Late Night?
5. How long was he there?
6. What was hid job there for 9 of those years?
7. Who did he write some of his best work for?
8. Who else?
9. Anyone else?
10. In what publication did he say he would make a joke about the class clown?
11. When did Leno host his last episode?
12. When did Fallon start?
13. What was his reception?
14. What channel are their shows on?