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Research has shown that learning a new skill can improve brain functions. New skills not only improve memory, but they help the portion of the brain that ensures protection of the memories. Furthermore, new skills, particularly the more complex skills, engage the brain comprehensively instead of in small portions. Juggle. Research has shown that juggling can improve connections and white matter in the brain. Woodworking is a great way to keep the brain engaged. It requires precise measurements and concentration. Digital photography has been shown to have a very significant impact on mental health, perhaps because of how difficult and complex the task can be. Brain games such as Sudoku and crossword puzzles positively have been shown to improve connections in the brain. They also affect short-term memory, and have been shown to stave off the growth of protein deposits (beta amyloid) that negatively impact brain health. Try to keep your mind as active as possible. Starting brain games, and being mentally active in general, early in life has shown to be more beneficial than attempting to start later in life. Once the brain games stop being complex, it no longer has the same brain health impact it once did. If the game is easy, find a new game. Work with short goals first. Try memorizing increasingly more difficult lists. Whether it's all the states in the U.S., or all the bones in the human body, attempting to memorize complex lists helps the brain significantly. Try memorizing one of the following: Shoot for as many digits in the number pi as you can. Lock down the ingredients in a complicated recipe. Find a favorite speech and commit it to memory. Reading an array of material books, periodicals, poetry engages and exercises the brain. Learning new words is similar to learning a new language, which has been shown to improve brain function and expand brain activity in multiple sections. Reading stimulates the brain and slows the onset of Alzheimer's and dementia. Most people have difficulty focusing on reading for just five straight minutes without distraction. Look for articles that pertain to what you currently find interesting in the world. If you have a favorite author, look up one of their books on a popular website and then check recommended authors. You may find a new favorite.

summary: Learn a new skill. Play brain games. Practice memorization. Read often.

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If you are cutting out dairy, you may be missing out on an important source of calcium. Fortunately, there are some great plant based sources as well. Turnip greens, collard greens, kale, and broccoli are all rich in calcium. You need at least 500 to 700 mg of calcium a day. You can also get calcium-fortified soy milk, tofu, cereals, and juices. To prevent iron deficiency (also known as anemia), you should make sure that you are getting enough iron. Lentils, peas, spinach, and iron-enriched grain products can all help you get the iron you need. Iron is most easily absorbed from animal sources. This means that if you are on a meatless diet, you will need to consume twice as much iron from plant sources as you normally would from animal sources. Eating foods rich in Vitamin C, such as oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes, can help your body absorb iron more easily. Men need about 8 mg of iron a day while women need 16 mg. B12 can only be found in animal products. If you have cut out all animal products from your diet, you may need to take a supplement to get this important vitamin. You can get B12 supplements from drug stores, health food stores, and grocery stores. Talk to your doctor before taking supplements. This will help you avoid developing a deficiency. Use an online nutritional tracker, such as Super Tracker, or an app, such as MyFitnessPal or LoseIt. Plug in what you have eaten that day. It will calculate what nutrients you have consumed. You can also keep your own private journal. You will have to look up the nutritional content of each food you ate, however. If you are worried about vitamin or mineral deficiencies, visit your doctor. They can do blood tests to check for any potential health problems. They may also provide some advice as to how to adjust your diet to enough vitamins and minerals. Mention any fatigue, weakness, clumsiness, dizziness, or tingling sensations to your doctor. Disorientation or personality changes can also be signs of nutritional deficiency.

summary: Eat more dark greens to get enough calcium. Consume legumes and leafy green vegetables to get iron. Take supplements for B12 if you're on a vegan diet. Track what you eat every day in a diet journal. Visit your doctor.

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A burlap sack, used to protect trees, or carry potatoes and coffee beans, is perfect for making a scarecrow head. To make a burlap head: Stuff one plastic grocery bag full of other plastic bags until you have the right size for a head. Place the bag in the center of a piece of burlap then cut a wide circle around it. There is no need to measure it or cut a perfect circle. Gather the burlap around the plastic bag, and place on top of the vertical pole (the scarecrow's neck) before tying tightly with twine or wire. Use a jack o' lantern to make a seasonal scarecrow head. First, choose a nice, round pumpkin. Cut a large, round hole on the top of the pumpkin (around the stem) and scoop out the insides. Use a sharp knife to cut out the facial features of your scarecrow. Skewer the bottom of the pumpkin onto the scarecrows neck and secure with glue or tape if necessary. Do not place a candle inside the pumpkin as you normally do with jack o' lanterns. The rest of the material used to make your scarecrow is flammable. Other vegetables, such as gourds and turnips, could also be used for this purpose. Be aware that pumpkins and other vegetables will eventually rot, so if you want your scarecrow head to last longer, consider using an alternative method. A pillowcase is another option for making a scarecrow head and is something which you are likely to have around the house. To make your scarecrow head with a pillowcase: Half fill the pillowcase with straw or the stuffing material of your choice. Pin the pillowcase with safety pins to prevent the stuffing from falling out the bottom, but don't close the bottom up entirely. Insert your scarecrow head onto the vertical pole (neck of the scarecrow). Push until the top of the pole is at the top of the pillowcase, right through the straw. Secure the pillowcase to the pole using twine or wire, then cut off the excess material and remove the safety pins. The are any number of possibilities when it comes to making your scarecrow's head. If you're trying to keep the cost of building your scarecrow down to a minimum, just use whatever items you have lying around. Here are some ideas: Pantyhose. Select a natural skin tone pair of pantyhose. Cut the upper part of the leg off on one side, tie a knot in it, and fill it with stuffing, letting it taper to a "neck" before tying the other (lower) end onto the vertical pole. Bucket. Impale a bucket filled with dirt right-side-up on the scarecrow's neck, for an unconventional yet functional head. Milk jugs. One-gallon plastic milk jugs are another great choice for scarecrow heads. Their smooth surface is perfect for drawing facial features on and is waterproof. You're also sure to have one or two lying around the house. Again, just impale on the vertical pole, and secure with glue or tape if necessary.
summary: Using burlap. Using a pumpkin. Using a pillowcase. Using other household items.