instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Asteatotic eczema (AE) is characterized by itchy, dry, rough, and scaling skin. The treatments for AE are mainly emollients, usually containing urea, lactic acid, or a lactate salt. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-acetylethanolamine (AEA) are both endogenous lipids used as novel therapeutic tools in the treatment of many skin diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare a PEA/AEA emollient with a traditional emollient in the treatment of AE.', "A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, comparative trial was conducted in 60 AE patients to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the two emollients. The level of skin dryness among the subjects ranged from mild to moderate. The subjects' skin barrier function and the current perception threshold were tested for 28 days by clinical scoring and bioengineering technology.", 'The results showed that, although some aspects were improved in both groups, the group using the emollient containing PEA/AEA presented a better skin surface change in capacitance. However, the most impressive finding was the ability of the PEA/AEA emollient to increase the 5 Hz current perception threshold to a normal level after 7 days, with a significant difference between values at baseline and after 14 days. A current perception threshold of 5 Hz was positively and significantly correlated with skin surface hydration and negatively correlated with transepidermal water loss in the PEA/AEA emollient group.
Answer: Compared with traditional emollients, regular application of a topical PEA/AEA emollient could improve both passive and active skin functions simultaneously.
answer:
Are n-palmitoylethanolamine and N-acetylethanolamine effective in asteatotic eczema : results of a randomized , double-blind , controlled study in 60 patients?

question:
Context: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of a hierarchical algorithm incorporating codes from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health--ICF (WHO, 2001) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-ICD (WHO, 1994) to classify reasons for eligibility of young children in early intervention.', 'The database for this study was a nationally representative enrollment sample of more than 5,500 children in a longitudinal study of early intervention. Reasons for eligibility were reviewed and matched to the closest ICF or ICD codes under one of four major categories (Body Functions/Structures, Activities/Participation, Health Conditions, and Environmental Factors).', 'The average number of reasons for eligibility provided per child was 1.5, resulting in a population summary exceeding 100%. A total of 305 ICF and ICD codes were used with most (77%) of the children having codes in the category of Body Function/Structures. Forty-one percent of the sample had codes of Health Conditions, whereas the proportions with codes in the Activities/Partipication and Environmental Categories were 10 and 5%, respectively.
Answer: The results demonstrate that ICD and ICF can be jointly used as a common language to document disability characteristics of children in early intervention.
answer:
Do iCF and ICD codes provide a standard language of disability in young children?

question:
Context: Because of the immunomodulatory effects of transfusion, we attempted to identify factors associated with blood product use and determine the association of transfusion quantity with postoperative infection.', 'We studied total perioperative transfusion of blood products for 15,592 cardiovascular operations performed from July 1998 to May 2003. Infection end points were septicemia/bacteremia (n=351, 2.2%) and superficial (n=353, 2.3%) and deep (n=212, 1.4%) sternal wound infections. Factors associated with blood product administration were used to form balancing scores to adjust for differences in patient characteristics among those receiving and not receiving blood products.', 'Fifty-five percent of patients received packed red blood cells (RBC), 21% received platelets, 13% got fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 3% got cryoprecipitate. Factors associated with RBC use included older age, female gender, higher New York Heart Association class, lower hematocrit, reoperation, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time--all indicative of higher-risk patients. The more RBC units transfused, the higher was the occurrence of septicemia/bacteremia (p < 0.0001) and superficial (p=0.0007) and deep (p < 0.0001) sternal wound infection. Use of FFP (septicemia/bacteremia) and platelets (septicemia/bacteremia and deep sternal wound infection) mitigated against this association only slightly.
Answer: Blood products tended to be used in the sickest patients. But after accounting for this, risk of infection increased incrementally with each unit of blood transfused. Although cause and effect cannot be established, results suggested that blood product transfusion is an independent risk factor for postoperative infection in cardiac surgical patients, blood products are more likely to be used in the sickest patients, and no amount of blood loss treated by transfusion is innocuous.
answer:
Does transfusion increase the risk of postoperative infection after cardiovascular surgery?