Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mass spectrometry today is used extensively in chemistry and biology laboratories to identify chemical and biological substances according to their mass-to-charge ratios. In medicine, mass spectrometers are used to measure the concentration of isotopes used as tracers. Usually, biological molecules such as proteins are very large, so they are broken down into smaller fragments before analyzing. Recently, large virus particles have been analyzed as a whole on mass spectrometers. Sometimes a gas chromatograph or high-performance liquid chromatograph provides an initial separation of the large molecules, which are then input into the mass spectrometer. Q: Mass spectrometry today is used extensively in chemistry and biology laboratories to identify chemical and biological substances according to their ratios of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- ph to charge
- volume to charge
- mass to volume
- mass-to-charge
mass-to-charge

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In this lesson, you read that air density and pressure change with altitude. The temperature of the air also changes with altitude. Air temperature measures the heat energy of air molecules. Q: What does temperature measure? A:
OPTIONS:
- lowest kinetic energy of molecules
- average potential energy of molecules
- highest potential energy of molecules
- average kinetic energy of molecules

Answer: average kinetic energy of molecules

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The experiment is a cornerstone in the scientific approach to gaining deeper knowledge about the natural world. Scientists use the principles of their hypothesis to make predictions, and then test them to see if their predictions are to be confirmed or rejected. Q: Scientists use the principles of what to make predictions, which they then test? A:
OPTIONS:
- their teachers
- their guesses
- their faith
- their hypothesis
Answer: their hypothesis

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Despite their hardness and strength, bones can suffer from injury and disease. Bone problems include fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets. Q: Fractures, rickets, and osteoarthritis all affect what part(s) of the body? A:
OPTIONS:
- fossils
- Heart
- animals
- bones
output: bones

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In what unit is speed usually measured? A:

OPTIONS:
- radians
- calories
- Celcius
- miles per hour

A: miles per hour

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Photosynthesis provides over 99% of the energy supply for life on Earth. A much smaller group of autotrophs - mostly bacteria in dark or low-oxygen environments - produce food using the chemical energy stored in inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or methane. While photosynthesis transforms light energy to chemical energy, this alternate method of making food transfers chemical energy from inorganic to organic molecules. It is therefore called chemosynthesis , and is characteristic of the tubeworms shown in Figure below . Some of the most recently discovered chemosynthetic bacteria inhabit deep ocean hot water vents or "black smokers. " There, they use the energy in gases from the Earth's interior to produce food for a variety of unique heterotrophs: giant tube worms, blind shrimp, giant white crabs, and armored snails. Some scientists think that chemosynthesis may support life below the surface of Mars, Jupiter's moon, Europa, and other planets as well. Ecosystems based on chemosynthesis may seem rare and exotic, but they too illustrate the absolute dependence of heterotrophs on autotrophs for food. Q: What process provides over 99% of the energy supply for life on earth? A:
OPTIONS:
- gases
- nutrients
- Carbon
- photosynthesis
photosynthesis