Definition: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Input: Context: The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is activated in response to Candida albicans infection resulting in the release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. Although eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes modulate inflammation and immune responses, the role of cPLA2 and eicosanoids in regulating C. albicans lung infection is not understood.', 'The responses of cPLA2(+/+) and cPLA2(-/-) Balb/c mice to intratracheal instillation of C. albicans were compared. After challenge, we evaluated weight loss, organ fungal burden, and the recruitment of cells and the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ability of macrophages and neutrophils from cPLA2(+/+) and cPLA2(-/-) mice to recognize and kill C. albicans was also compared.', 'After C. albicans instillation, cPLA2(+/+) mice recovered a modest weight loss by 48h and completely cleared fungi from the lung by 12h with no dissemination to the kidneys. In cPLA2(-/-) mice, weight loss continued for 72h, C. albicans was not completely cleared from the lung and disseminated to the kidneys. cPLA2(-/-) mice exhibited greater signs of inflammation including higher neutrophil influx, and elevated levels of albumin and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL1, IL1, TNF, IL6, CSF2, CXCL1, CCL20) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C. albicans-infected cPLA2(-/-) mice compared to cPLA2(+/+) mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from uninfected cPLA2(-/-) mice exhibited less killing of C. albicans in vitro than cells from cPLA2(+/+) mice. In addition alveolar macrophages from cPLA2(-/-) mice isolated 6h after instillation of GFP-C. albicans contained fewer internalized fungi than cPLA2(+/+) macrophages.
Answer: The results demonstrate that cPLA2 contributes to immune surveillance and host defense in the lung to prevent infection by the commensal fungus C. albicans and to dampen inflammation.
Output:
Does cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection?