Information: - The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century. - al-Askar was the capital of Egypt from 750-868, when Egypt was a province of the Abbasid Caliphate. - Cairo (; ', ') is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. - Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation. - The araB gene promoter is a bacterial promoter, activated by e L-arabinose binding. - Al-Qai (Arabic: ) was the short-lived Tulunid capital of Egypt, founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun in the year 868 CE. Al-Qata'i was located immediately to the northeast of the previous capital, al-Askar, which in turn was adjacent to the settlement of Fustat. All three settlements were later incorporated into the city of al-Qahira (Cairo), founded by the Fatimids in 969 CE. The city was razed in the early 10th century CE, and the only surviving structure is the Mosque of Ibn Tulun. - Smarr is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, north of Baghdad. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. Samarra was once in the "Sunni Triangle" of violence during the sectarian violence in Iraq (200607). - Basra, also al-Barah, is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab between Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of 1.5 million in 2012. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr. - The Mosque of Ahmad Ibn ln is located in Cairo, Egypt. It is arguably the oldest mosque in the city surviving in its original form, and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land area. - The Zanj Rebellion was a major slave uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate which took place from 869 until 883. Begun near the city of Basra in present-day southern Iraq and led by one 'Ali ibn Muhammad, the insurrection is traditionally believed to have involved enslaved blacks (Zanj) who had originally been captured from the East African coast and transported to the Middle East. It grew to involve many slaves and free men from several regions of the Caliphate, and claimed tens of thousands of lives before it was finally defeated. - The Abbasid Caliphate (or "") was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs, for most of their period from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after assuming authority over the Muslim empire from the Umayyads in 750 CE (132AH). - Amad ibn ln ( Arabic : ; ca . 20 September 835 -- 10 May 884 ) was the founder of the Tulunid dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria between 868 and 905 . Originally a Turkic slave - soldier , in 868 Ibn Tulun was sent by the Abbasid caliph as governor to Egypt . Within four years Ibn Tulun had established himself as a virtually independent ruler by evicting the caliphal fiscal agent , Ibn al - Mudabbir , taking over control of Egypt 's finances , and establishing a large military force personally loyal to himself . This process was facilitated by the volatile political situation in the Abbasid court and the preoccupation of the Abbasid regent , al - Muwaffaq , with the wars against the Saffarids and the Zanj Rebellion . Ibn Tulun also took care to establish an efficient administration in Egypt . After reforms to the tax system , repairs to the irrigation system , and other measures , the annual tax yield grew markedly . As a symbol of his new regime , he built a new capital , al - Qata'i , north of the old capital Fustat . After 875/6 he entered into open conflict with al - Muwaffaq , who tried unsuccessfully to unseat him . In 878 , with the support of al - Muwaffaq 's brother , Caliph al - Mu'tamid , Ibn Tulun took over the governance of Syria as well as the frontier districts with the Byzantine Empire , although control of Tarsus in particular proved tenuous . In his absence in Syria , his eldest son and deputy , Abbas , tried to usurp power in Egypt , leading to his imprisonment and the nomination of his second son , Khumarawayh , as his heir . The defection in 882 of a senior commander , Lu'lu ' , to al - Muwaffaq , and the defection of Tarsus , forced Ibn Tulun to return to Syria . Now virtually powerless , al - Mu'tamid tried to escape from his brother 's control to Ibn Tulun 's domains but was captured by al - Muwaffaq 's agents , and Ibn Tulun convened an assembly of jurists at Damascus to denounce al - Muwaffaq as a usurper . His attempt in autumn 883 to bring Tarsus to heel failed , and he fell... - Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish. - Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far (842 June 2, 891), better known by his "laqab" as al-Muwaffaq bi-Allah ("Blessed of God"), was an Abbasid prince and military leader, who acted as the virtual regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra", his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery, which culminated in the reign of al-Muwaffaq's own son, the Caliph al-Mu'tadid. - Fustat (also Fostat, Al Fustat, Misr al-Fustat and Fustat-Misr, and in , "al-Fus," ), was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule. It was built by the Muslim general 'Amr ibn al-'As immediately after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, and featured the Mosque of Amr, the first mosque built in Egypt and in all of Africa. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'ahmad ibn tulun' exhibits the relationship of 'country of citizenship'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - abbasid caliphate - ancient egypt - arab - armenians - egypt - iran - iraq - israel - libya - turkey
The answer to this question is:
turkey