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Mold is just one of the many types of fungi that humans are in contact with every day. Molds are scientifically defined as multicellular organisms of the kingdom fungi (a taxonomic order at the same level as plants or animals). The single mold organism, made up of genetically identical cells, is known as a mycelium. Most people recognize mold as the furry or discolored patch on a slice of bread or a piece of fruit, but not all molds are undesirable. Some molds aid in the preservation of foodsas is the case with some cheeses. Others (penicillin) have provided life-saving antibiotics to human beings. Molds and other fungi also play a vital role in the process of decomposition. They break down the structures of plant and animal cells and allow the nutrients they contain to re-enter the food web. Molds are living things, and in fact, their cell structures are more like that of animals than plants. Like all living things, molds need water, a food source, and the right environment in order to thrive. Much like animals, molds (and all fungi) cannot produce food internally. All of the calories and nutrients that they require to function must be obtained from an external source. Molds, as a broad category, are not choosy. Some grow well in starchy foods, others target fruits and vegetables, while others still will sprout from the tiny shreds of organic matter (mostly paper) in moist drywall. Molds survive best in damp or wet environments. Of course, most living things live close to water, but molds are especially dependent upon it. Unlike both plants and animals, molds employ a process of external digestion. Dry environments make the absorption of nutrients difficult for molds. They will not thrive without access to moisture. Most forms of mold also prefer warm temperatures. There are two primary reasons for this. The enzymes that molds use in both external digestion and internal cell processes function best at temperatures well above the freezing point. In addition, molds are multicellular organisms without complex circulatory systems. It is easier to transfer nutrients from cell to cell in warm environments than in cold ones. Though a few molds are actually light sensitive, most are not directly affected by sunlight. Molds typically do not grow in sunny places only because such areas are at risk of drying out.

summary: Understand what mold is. Get to know how molds impact life on earth. Know the three things that all molds need.

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"Jitters" is the most commonly reported side effect of clenbuterol, due to the fact that the drug is a stimulant. However, by starting with a low dosage and increasing the dose size gradually, your body will best be able to adapt to the drug over time and avoid the type of tremors that come from taking too much at once. 20 micrograms a day is a good low dosage to start out with. After the first 3-4 days, you should largely be free of any jitters or anxiety that come from taking clenbuterol. Clenbuterol reduces the amount of taurine and potassium naturally produced by the body, which can result in painful muscle cramps among some users. Taking taurine and potassium supplements can help you maintain a healthy level of these nutrients in the body and prevent muscle cramps while on clenbuterol. Make sure you talk to your doctor before taking any supplements along with clenbuterol. You can buy taurine and potassium supplements at any vitamins and supplements store. Eating bananas and sweet potatoes while on clenbuterol can also help you to maintain adequate potassium levels. Clenbuterol tends to make you sweat more, in addition to any sweating you do while exercising, which makes you more susceptible to dehydration. Drink water regularly throughout the day whenever you feel thirsty to avoid the negative side effects of dehydration. These side effects can include headaches, fatigue, and muscle cramps. Because the drug is a stimulant, taking it late in the afternoon or evening may cause you to have difficulty falling asleep. For most people, the drug's effect on their ability to sleep tends to go away over time. Consider using an over-the-counter sleep aid, such as a melatonin supplement, if you experience insomnia while taking clenbuterol. Be sure to talk to your doctor first before taking this supplement. Clenbuterol produces a number of heart abnormalities and illnesses over time in many people, such as arrhythmia and high blood pressure. Consult with your doctor at least once a week to make sure your heart is in good health while taking clenbuterol. If you feel like you're experiencing heart palpitations at any point while on clenbuterol, seek medical attention immediately. In addition to the potentially harmful impact it can have on your heart, clenbuterol can also be addictive, since it contains dopamine. Stick to using clenbuterol in short cycles that never exceed 12 weeks in order to avoid building up a tolerance to the drug that will make it harder for you to get off of it. Keeping your cycles short will also prevent your body from building an immunity to the drug, which would make it ineffective as a weight-loss supplement.

summary: Start out with a low dosage to avoid feeling too jittery or anxious. Ask your doctor about using taurine and potassium supplements. Drink around 2 litres (68floz) of water each day to avoid becoming dehydrated. Take your clenbuterol dose in the morning to avoid insomnia. Get regular checkups to keep an eye on your heart health. Refrain from using clenbuterol for longer than 12 weeks.

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Get out a large mixing bowl and pour 2 1/2 cups (300 g) of all-purpose flour into it. Add 1 pinch of salt along with 5 tablespoons (75 g) of chilled, unsalted butter and 5 tablespoons (75 g) of lard or vegetable shortening. Put the wrapped ball of dough in the refrigerator and let it rest while you make the filling for the corned beef pie. If you'd like to make the dough in advance, you can chill it in the fridge for up to 1 day. Chilling the dough will relax the gluten in the pastry so your crust is tender and flaky.
summary: Put the flour into a bowl with butter, lard, and salt. Chill the dough in the fridge for at least 1 hour.