Q: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
whether the defendant officers tainted the grand jury's deliberations. V. Under established circuit law, Buehler had the burden of affirmatively showing that the grand jury's deliberations were tainted, and failed to do so. The judgment' is AFFIRMED. 1 . Snider claims that he acted to stop the passenger from texting and talking on her cell phone, which officers are trained to prevent because dangerous individuals could be summoned to the location of the traffic stop. 2 . Having dismissed all of Buehler's federal claims, the district court declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over his state-law claims. See 2 r. 1993) (rejecting the argument that a grand jury indictment insulated police officers from false arrest claims); cf. McClellan v. Smith, 439 F.3d 137, 145 (2d Cir. 2006) (<HOLDING>). But see Evans v. Chalmers, 703 F.3d 636, 647
Holding statements: (A) holding invalid warrant did not create probable cause for arrest (B) holding that probable cause is a complete defense to an action for false arrest (C) holding that the dismissal of an indictment did not negate the presumption of probable cause (D) holding that because there was probable cause for arresting plaintiff plaintiffs claims whether under section 1983 or new york state law that were predicated on false arrest or false imprisonment compelled dismissal (E) holding under new york law that a grand jury indictment does not create a presumption of probable cause for false arrest claims
A:
holding invalid warrant did not create probable cause for arrest