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All blood tests, including the CBC and other panels and tests, must include certain basic elements including: your name and health ID, date the test was completed and printed, names of the test(s), lab and doctor who ordered the test, actual test results, normal range for results, flagged abnormal results and, of course, lots of abbreviations and units of measurement. For people not in the healthcare field, any blood test can look intimidating and confusing, but take your time and identify all these basic elements and how they're arranged among headings and within vertical columns. Once you're familiar with how blood tests are presented, you can quickly scan the page for the flagged abnormal results (if there are any), which will be labelled as either "L" for too low, or "H" for too high. You don't need to memorize the normal ranges of any measured component because they will always be printed alongside your test results as a handy reference. As noted above, the main cells of your blood are red and white blood cells. RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to all the tissues of the body. WBCs are part of the immune system and help to destroy pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. A low RBC count may suggest anemia (resulting in not enough oxygen getting to tissues), although too many RBCs (termed erythrocytosis) may indicate bone marrow disease. A low WBC count (termed leukopenia) may also suggest a bone marrow problem or side effect of taking medications, chemotherapy especially. On the other hand, a high WBC count (termed leukocytosis) usually signifies that your body is fighting an infection. Some drugs, especially steroids, can also increase the WBC count. Normal RBC ranges are different between men and women. Men typically have 20-25% more RBCs because they tend to be larger and have more muscle tissue, which requires more oxygen. Hematocrit (the percentage of your blood made up by RBCs) and mean corpuscular volume (average volume of RBCs) are two ways of measuring RBCs and both values are normally higher in men because of their higher oxygen needs. Two other components in the blood mentioned in a CBC are platelets and hemoglobin. As noted above, hemoglobin is an iron-based molecule that grabs onto oxygen as blood circulates through the lungs, whereas platelets are a part of the body's blood clotting system and help prevent excessive bleeding from injuries. Not enough hemoglobin (due to iron deficiency or bone marrow disease) leads to anemia, whereas a low platelet count (termed thrombocytopenia) may be the result of prolonged external or internal bleeding from a traumatic injury or other medical conditions. On the other hand, a high platelet count (termed thrombocytosis) suggests a bone marrow problem or severe inflammation. Levels of both RBCs and hemoglobin are connected because hemoglobin is carried inside RBCs, although it's possible to have malformed RBCs without hemoglobin (termed sickle cell anemia). Many compounds "thin" the blood, which means that they inhibit platelet stickiness and prevent blood clotting. Common blood thinners include: alcohol, many types of drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, heparin), garlic and parsley. A CBC also includes levels of eosinophil (Eos), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

Summary:
Know how all blood tests are formatted and presented. Distinguish between blood cells and what abnormal results may indicate. Realize the functions of other basic elements in the blood.