In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: The Clausius-Clapeyron equation assumes the change in this to be zero. Because this quantity is most useful when the substance in question is both isothermal and isobaric, a different quantity is used for explosive substances. An equation partially due to the namesake of this quantity gives the temperature dependence of this quantity for an ideal gas. A zero change in this quantity for a system implies that the system is in equilibrium, but a negative value for this quantity implies that a reaction is spontaneous. One may derive this by utilizing the Legendre transform on the internal energy of a system. For ten points, name this state function named for its American inventor, which measures the maximum amount of work attainable from a system, defined as enthalpy minus the product of temperature and entropy.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: The Act of Seclusion barred this man from holding office in one nation. Daniel Defoe wrote The True-Born Englishman in defense of this man. This man defeated much of his opposition with a victory at the Battle of the Boyne, and he agreed to the Bill of Rights. For 10 points, name this king of England who took power in the Glorious Revolution along with his wife Mary.
[EX A]: History

[EX Q]: When one reaction by this name takes place between ketenes and a cyclic system, it is named for Bellus, and its Eschenmoser modification is used to create amides. A combination of that reaction with the Staudinger ligation is referred to as the Chen-Mapp reaction, while a version of it with allylic acetates that creates carboxylic acids is called the Ireland modification. Another reaction with this name has a crossed version that is useful when only one of the reactants has an enolizable alpha hydrogen. That reaction has an intermolecular version named for Dieckmann. FTP, name these two reactions, one of which takes an allyl vinyl ether to a delta-gamma unsaturated carbonyl by rearrangement and the other of which produces a beta-ketoester from the condensation of two esters.
[EX A]:
Science