Q: Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity). One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people. Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especially political ones, should be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.

Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius; from Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine; and from more recent freethinkers and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll, Bertrand Russell, and Christopher Hitchens.

The purposes and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European laicism, it has been argued that secularism is a movement toward modernization, and away from traditional religious values (also known as secularization). This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has often occurred while maintaining an official state church or other state support of religion. In the United States, some argue that state secularism has served to a greater extent to protect religion and the religious from governmental interference, while secularism on a social level is less prevalent.

Answer the following questions:
1. What is Secularism?
2. What is its attainment termed as?
3. How many manifestation of secularism have been mentioned in this passage?
4. Give me one of them?
5. And the secondE?
6. Do the purposes in support of secularism vary widely?
7. What is it in the European?
8. and in the USA?
9. How is it perceived in a social level?
10. Secularism takes off its intellectual roots from some philosophers. Is it true?
11. Are they Greek and Roman philosophers?
12. Name them?
13. Does it also take from some enlightenment thinkers?
14. about how many of them are mentioned in this paragraph?
15. Give me the name of 2 of them?
16. Does it also take from some atheists?
17. How many mentioned here?
18. Give me the name of one them?
19. The second one?
20. And the third one please?
A: 1. A principle
2. secularity
3. Two
4. to be free from religious rule and teachings
5. The view that public activities and decisionsshould be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.
6. yes
7. a movement toward modernization,
8. has served to a greater extent to protect religion
9. less prevalent.
10. yes
11. yes
12. Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius
13. yes
14. Seven
15. John Locke, Denis Diderot
16. yes
17. Three
18. Robert Ingersoll,
19. Bertrand Russell
20. Christopher Hitchens

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

The dog was playing in the street outside. I walked past the dog and threw the ball to him. He seemed to be hot from the heat of the day. I then headed to the store because I needed to buy some food and other things that were needed. I entered the store and said hi to Mr. Jones. He had been working at the store for a long time. I walked to the back of the store and picked up some cold sodas and a bottle of orange juice. I then went and picked up some popcorn. This would be good for eating later while watching tv. I then went to the dog food section and picked a meat treat for the dog. I then went up to the front of the store and paid Mr. Jones. He smiled and thanked me for shopping at his store. Then I walked back to my house and looked at the dog. His name was Rex and had lived with us for around four years. His coat was brown and white. I unwrapped the dog treat and gave it to him. Rex seemed happy and started to lick my hand in happiness. He was a good dog and it made me feel good that he was happy.

1. what was the canine called?
2. what did he look like?
3. did he eat something?
4. what?
5. did he like it?
6. how do you know?
7. was it cold out?
8. how do you know?
9. from what?
10. where did the person go?
11. did they see anyone there?
12. who?
13. was he a customer?
14. why was he there?
15. Did he start the job yesterday?
16. how long had he worked there?
17. How many items did the person purchase?
18. did the person drive home?
19. how did they get home?
20. was the shopkeeper friendly?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Rex
2. he was brown and white
3. Yes
4. a dog treat
5. Yes
6. he licked his hand in happiness
7. No
8. Rex seemed to be hot
9. the heat of the day
10. to the store
11. Yes
12. Mr. Jones
13. No
14. He worked at the store
15. No
16. a long time.
17. four
18. No
19. walked
20. Yes

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Micronesia (from "mikros" "small" and "nesos" "island") is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a shared cultural history with two other island regions, Polynesia to the east and Melanesia to the south.

The region has a tropical marine climate, and is part of the Oceania ecozone. There are four main archipelagos along with numerous outlying islands.

Micronesia is divided politically among several sovereign countries. One of these is the Federated States of Micronesia, which is often called "Micronesia" for short and is not to be confused with the overall region. The Micronesia region encompasses five sovereign, independent nationsthe Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Nauruas well as three U.S. territories in the northern part: Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and Wake Island.

Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. The earliest known contact with Europeans occurred in 1521, when Ferdinand Magellan reached the Marianas. The coinage of the term "Micronesia" is usually attributed to Jules Dumont d'Urville's usage in 1832, however Domeny de Rienzi had used the term a year previously.

Micronesia is a region that includes approximately 2100 islands, with a total land area of , the largest of which is Guam, which covers . The total ocean area within the perimeter of the islands is .

1. Where is Micronesia located?
2. How many main archipelagos does it consist of?
3. Does it consist of just one country?
4. What kind of climate does it have?
5. How many islands does it approximately include?
6. What is the name of the largest island?
7. What other two island regions does it share a cultural history with?
8. Who is attributed with coining the tern micronesia?
9. In what year?
10. How many sovereign, independent nations does Micronesia include?
11. Dies it unclude any U.S territories?
12. What are the names of the independent nations?
13. When did it's first contact with Europeans occure?
14. Who was the first to reach the islands from europe?
15. Who used the term micronesia a year earlier before Jules dumont d'Urville?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Oceania
2. Four
3. No
4. Tropical marine
5. 2100
6. Guam
7. Polynesia and Melanesia
8. Jules Dumont d'Urville
9. 1832
10. Five
11. Yes
12. The Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Nauru
13. 1521
14. Ferdinand Magellan
15. Domeny de Rienzi