Information: - Jean-Martin Charcot (29 November 1825 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as "the founder of modern neurology", and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms, including CharcotMarieTooth disease and Charcot disease (better known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motor neurone disease, or Lou Gehrig disease). Charcot has been referred to as "the father of French neurology and one of the world's pioneers of neurology". His work greatly influenced the developing fields of neurology and psychology; modern psychiatry owes much to the work of Charcot and his direct followers. He was the "foremost neurologist of late nineteenth-century France" and has been called "the Napoleon of the neuroses". - Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata , is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged . This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate , resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms , including physical , mental , and sometimes psychiatric problems . MS takes several forms , with new symptoms either occurring in isolated attacks ( relapsing forms ) or building up over time ( progressive forms ) . Between attacks , symptoms may disappear completely ; however , permanent neurological problems often occur , especially as the disease advances . While the cause is not clear , the underlying mechanism is thought to be either destruction by the immune system or failure of the myelin - producing cells . Proposed causes for this include genetics and environmental factors such as infections . MS is usually diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms and the results of supporting medical tests . There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis . Treatments attempt to improve function after an attack and prevent new attacks . Medications used to treat MS , while modestly effective , can have adverse effects and be poorly tolerated . Many people pursue alternative treatments , despite a lack of evidence . The long - term outcome is difficult to predict , with good outcomes more often seen in women , those who develop the disease early in life , those with a relapsing course , and those who initially experienced few attacks . Life expectancy is on average 5 to 10 years lower than that of an unaffected population . Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system . As of 2008 , between 2 and 2.5 million people are affected globally with rates varying widely in different regions of the world and among different populations . In 2013 , 20,000 people died worldwide from MS , up from 12,000 in 1990 . The disease... - Anatomical pathology ("Commonwealth") or Anatomic pathology ("U.S.") is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the last century, surgical pathology has evolved tremendously: from historical examination of whole bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized practice, centered on the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Its modern founder was the Italian scientist Giovan Battista Morgagni from Forli. - A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. The study of disease is called pathology which includes the causal study of etiology. Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors such as pathogens, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions particularly of the immune system such as an immunodeficiency, or a hypersensitivity including allergies and autoimmunity. - Heredity is the genetic information passing for traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. This is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism. Through heredity, variations exhibited by individuals can accumulate and cause some species to evolve through the natural selection of specific phenotype traits. The study of heredity in biology is called genetics, which includes the field of epigenetics. - A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. This damage impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves. In turn, the reduction in conduction ability causes deficiency in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved. - Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'medical specialty' with the subject 'multiple sclerosis'. Choices: - genetics - neurology - pathology
A:
neurology