QUES: The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the Suddhavasa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anagamis (non-returners). Rebirths in the Arupyadhatu (formless realms) can be attained by only those who can meditate on the arupajhanas, the highest object of meditation.

Rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who?
What is the answer?
ANS: those who can meditate on the arupajhanas, the highest object of meditation
QUES: Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years.

To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?
What is the answer?
ANS: Parliament
QUES: Vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vocalization led to an increase in the number of readings during the 10th century. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from Baghdad, Ibn Mujahid, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of Mecca, Medina, Kufa, Basra and Damascus. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose seven readers, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven "ahruf" (meaning seven letters or modes). Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by Hafs (d.796) and Warsh (d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud (Kufa, d. 745) and Nafi' al-Madani (Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard Quran of Cairo (1924) uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on Asim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran.

The absence of which language feature made early Quranic recitation more diverse?
What is the answer?
ANS:
Vocalization markers