In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Sunshine in Academic Admissions
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether
federally funded institutions of higher education are treating
student applications differently depending on the student's
race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which
these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and
prospective students of these decisions.
(2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this
right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of
race, color, or national origin by federally funded
institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and
universities.
(3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the
Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory
admissions.
(4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United
States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny
should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure
diversity is not defined as ''mere racial balancing,'' but has
a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher
case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted
if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a
racially diverse student body.
(5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate
their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs
of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a
less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the
discrimination is not permissible.
(6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed,
colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education
must make public through annual reports their use of race,
color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that
Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons
can monitor the schools.
(7) Additionally, college and universities must provide
evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination
does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
(8) Academic ''mismatch'' refers to a significant
discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups
within a student body, and is encouraged when universities
lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a
particular composition.
(9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular
students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout
rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a
disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN
STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a
report in accordance with this section.
(b) Contents of Report.--
(1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national
origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a
statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of the
institution or any department of the institution.
(2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under
paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is
given weight in the student admissions process of an
institution or department, then the report shall include the
following information with respect to the institution or
department:
(A) The racial, color, and national origin groups
for which membership is considered a plus factor or a
minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a
group is determined for individual students.
(B) A description of how group membership is
considered, including the weight given to such
consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are
used.
(C) A statement explaining why group membership is
given weight, including the determination of the
desired level claimed and, with respect to the
diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular
educational mission of the institution or department.
(D) A description of the consideration that has
been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory
alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals
for which group membership is considered.
(E) A description of how frequently the need to
give weight to group membership is reassessed and how
that reassessment is conducted.
(F) An identification of the factors other than
race, color, or national origin that are collected in
the admissions process. If the factors described in the
preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high
school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT
and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic
status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw
admissions data for applicants regarding these factors,
along with each individual applicant's race, color, and
national origin and the admissions decision made by the
school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the
report in computer-readable form, with the name of the
individual student redacted but with appropriate links,
so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education
or other interested persons to determine through
statistical analysis the weight being given to race,
color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
(G) An analysis, and also the underlying data
needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a
correlation--
(i) between membership in a group favored
on account of race, color, or national origin
and the likelihood of enrollment in a
remediation program, relative to membership in
other groups;
(ii) between such membership and graduation
rates, relative to membership in other groups;
and
(iii) between such membership and the
likelihood of defaulting on education loans,
relative to membership in other groups.
(c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

In this Act, the term ''institution of higher education'' has the
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an
institution of higher education outside the United States.
[EX A]: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures. The institution must make the report publicly available.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Mercury Pollution Reduction Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds that--
(1) mercury and mercury compounds are highly toxic to
humans, ecosystems, and wildlife;
(2) as many as 10 percent of women in the United States of
childbearing age have mercury in their bloodstreams at a level
that could pose risks to their unborn babies, and hundreds of
thousands of children born annually in the United States are at
risk of neurological problems relating to mercury exposure in
utero;
(3) the most significant source of mercury exposure to
people in the United States is ingestion of mercury-
contaminated fish;
(4) the long-term solution to mercury pollution is to
minimize global mercury use and releases of mercury to
eventually achieve reduced contamination levels in the
environment, rather than reducing fish consumption, since
uncontaminated fish represents a critical and healthy source of
nutrition for people worldwide;
(5) mercury pollution is a transboundary pollutant that--
(A) is deposited locally, regionally, and globally;
and
(B) affects bodies of water near industrial areas,
such as the Great Lakes, as well as bodies of water in
remote areas, such as the Arctic Circle;
(6) of the approximately 30 plants in the United States
that produce chlorine, only 7 use the obsolete ''mercury cell''
chlor-alkali process, and 4 have not yet committed to phasing
out mercury use;
(7)(A) less than 5 percent of the total quantity of
chlorine and caustic soda produced in the United States comes
from the chlor-alkali plants described in paragraph (6) that
use the mercury cell chlor-alkali process;
(B) cost-effective alternatives are available and in use in
the remaining 95 percent of chlorine and caustic soda
production; and
(C) other countries, including Japan, have already banned
the mercury cell chlor-alkali process;
(8) the chlor-alkali industry acknowledges that--
(A) mercury can contaminate products manufactured
at mercury cell facilities; and
(B) the use of some of those products results in
the direct and indirect release of mercury;
(9) despite those quantities of mercury known to have been
used or to be in use, neither the chlor-alkali industry nor the
Environmental Protection Agency is able--
(A) to adequately account for the disposition of
the mercury used at those facilities; or
(B) to accurately estimate current mercury
emissions; and
(10) it is critically important that the United States work
aggressively toward the minimization of supply, demand, and
releases of mercury, both domestically and internationally.

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

Congress declares that the United States should develop policies
and programs that will--
(1) reduce mercury use and emissions within the United
States;
(2) reduce mercury releases from the reservoir of mercury
currently in use or circulation within the United States; and
(3) reduce exposures to mercury, particularly exposures of
women of childbearing age and young children.

SEC. 4. USE OF MERCURY IN CHLORINE AND CAUSTIC SODA MANUFACTURING.

(a) In General.--Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15
U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 6 the
following:

''SEC. 6A. USE OF MERCURY IN CHLORINE AND CAUSTIC SODA MANUFACTURING.

''(a) Definition of Chlor-alkali Facility.--In this section, the
term 'chlor-alkali facility' means a facility used for the manufacture
of chlorine or caustic soda using a mercury cell process.
''(b) Prohibition.--
''(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this
subsection, it shall be unlawful to manufacture chlorine or
caustic soda using mercury cells at any facility in the United
States.
''(2) Notice.--The owner or operator of any existing chlor-
alkali facility shall notify the Administrator no later than
June 30, 2012, whether it will--
''(A) replace its chlor-alkali facility with a new
manufacturing facility that does not use mercury; or
''(B) cease operations.
''(3) Closure.--A chlor-alkali facility for which a closure
notice is filed under paragraph (2)(B) shall cease
manufacturing chlorine or caustic soda using mercury cells no
later than June 30, 2013.
''(4) Replacement.--A chlor-alkali facility for which a
replacement notice is filed under paragraph (2)(A) may continue
to manufacture chlorine or caustic soda using mercury cells
until all of the permitting, financing, engineering, and
construction of a non-mercury replacement facility is complete,
or June 30, 2015, whichever is earlier.
''(c) Export Ban.--Effective on the date of the enactment of this
section, the export of any elemental mercury or the sale of elemental
mercury for purposes of export, including compounds and mixtures
containing elemental mercury, by the owner or operator of a chlor-
alkali facility is prohibited.
''(d) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section affects the
ability of the owner or operator of any chlor-alkali facility to store
elemental mercury in accordance with section 5(g)(2) of the Mercury
Export Ban Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 6939f).''.
(b) Conforming Amendments.--(1) The table of contents of the Toxic
Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2601 note) is amended by inserting
after the item relating to section 6 the following:

''Sec. 6A. Use of mercury in chlorine and caustic soda
manufacturing.''.
(2) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 15 of such Act are each
amended by striking ''or 6'' and inserting '', 6 or 6A''.
[EX A]: Mercury Pollution Reduction Act - Declares that the United States should develop policies and programs that will reduce: (1) mercury use and emissions; (2) mercury releases from the reservoir of mercury currently in use or circulation; and (3) exposures to mercury, particularly of women of childbearing age and young children.

Amends the Toxic Substances Control Act to prohibit: (1) the manufacture of chlorine or caustic soda using mercury cells at any facility in the United States; and (2) the export of any elemental mercury or the sale of elemental mercury for purposes of export, including compounds and mixtures containing elemental mercury, by the owner or operator of a chlor-alkali facility.

Requires the owner or operator of any existing chlor-alkali facility to notify the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) no later than June 30, 2012, on whether the owner or operator will replace its chlor-alkali facility with a new manufacturing facility that does not use mercury or cease operations. Requires a chlor-alkali facility for which a closure notice is filed to cease manufacturing chlorine or caustic soda using mercury cells no later than June 30, 2013. Authorizes a chlor-alkali facility for which a replacement notice is filed to continue to manufacture chlorine or caustic soda using mercury cells until all of the permitting, financing, engineering, and construction of a non-mercury replacement facility is complete or June 30, 2015, whichever is earlier.

Provides that this Act does not affect the ability of the owner or operator of any chlor-alkali facility to store elemental mercury in accordance with the Mercury Export Ban Act of 2008.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Bureau of Reclamation Water
Conservation, Efficiency, and Management Improvement Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Non-federal entity.--The term ''non-Federal entity''
means a State, Indian tribe, irrigation district, water
district, or any other organization with water delivery
authority.
(2) Reclamation state.--The term ''Reclamation State''
means each of the States of Arizona, California, Colorado,
Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
(3) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of
Reclamation.

SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.

(a) In General.--The Secretary may, in accordance with the criteria
published under subsection (b), provide grants to, and enter into
cooperative agreements with non-Federal entities to pay the Federal
share of the cost of a project to plan, design, construct, or otherwise
implement improvements to conserve water, increase water use
efficiency, facilitate water markets, enhance water management, or
implement other actions to prevent water-related crises or conflicts in
watersheds that have a nexus to Federal water projects within the
Reclamation States.
(b) Eligibility Criteria.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, consistent with
this Act, publish in the Federal Register criteria developed by
the Secretary for--
(A) determining the eligibility of a non-Federal
entity for assistance under subsection (a); and
(B) prioritizing requests for assistance under
subsection (a).
(2) Factors.--The criteria developed under paragraph (1)
shall take into account such factors as--
(A) the extent to which a project under subsection
(a) would reduce conflict over water;
(B) the extent to which a project under subsection
(a) would--
(i) increase water use efficiency; or
(ii) enhance water management;
(C) the extent to which unallocated water is
available in the area in which a project under
subsection (a) is proposed to be conducted;
(D) the extent to which a project under subsection
(a) involves water marketing;
(E) the likelihood that the benefit of a project
under subsection (a) would be attained;
(F) whether the non-Federal entity has demonstrated
the ability of the non-Federal entity to pay the non-
Federal share;
(G) the extent to which the assistance provided
under subsection (a) is reasonable for the work
proposed under the project;
(H) the involvement of the non-Federal entity and
stakeholders in a project under subsection (a);
(I) whether a project under subsection (a) is
related to a Bureau of Reclamation project or facility;
and
(J) the extent to which a project under subsection
(a) would conserve water.
(c) Federal Facilities.--If a grant or cooperative agreement under
subsection (a) provides for improvements to a Federal facility--
(1) the Federal funds provided under the grant or
cooperative agreement may be--
(A) provided on a nonreimbursable basis to an
entity operating affected transferred works; or
(B) determined to be nonreimbursable for non-
transferred works; and
(2) title to the improvements to the Federal facility shall
be held by the United States.
(d) Cost-Sharing Requirement.--
(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of
carrying out a project assisted under subsection (a) shall be
not more than 50 percent.
(2) Non-federal share.--In calculating the non-Federal
share of the cost of carrying out a project under subsection
(a), the Secretary--
(A) may include any in-kind contributions that the
Secretary determines would materially contribute to the
completion of proposed project; and
(B) shall exclude any funds received from other
Federal agencies.
(e) Operation and Maintenance Costs.--The non-Federal share of the
cost of operating and maintaining improvements assisted under
subsection (a) shall be 100 percent.
(f) Mutual Benefit.--Grants or cooperative agreements made under
this section or section 4 may be for the mutual benefit of the United
States and the entity that is provided the grant or enters into the
cooperative agreement.
(g) Liability.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
United States shall not be liable under Federal or State law
for monetary damages of any kind arising out of any act,
omission, or occurrence relating to any non-Federal facility
constructed or improved under this title.
(2) Exception.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the United
States may be held liable for damages to non-Federal facilities
caused by acts of negligence committed by the United States or
by an employee or agent of the United States.
(3) No additional liability.--Nothing in this section
increases the liability of the United States beyond that
provided in chapter 171 of title 28, United States Code
(commonly known as the ''Federal Torts Claim Act'').

SEC. 4. RESEARCH AGREEMENTS.

The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with
institutions of higher education, nonprofit research institutions, or
organizations with water or power delivery authority to fund research
to conserve water, increase water use efficiency, or enhance water
management under such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines
to be appropriate.

SEC. 5. EFFECT.

Nothing in this title affects any existing project-specific funding
authority.

SEC. 6. EFFECT ON STATE WATER LAW.

Nothing in this Act invalidates, preempts, or creates any exception
to State water law, State water rights, or any interstate compact
governing water.

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act
$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2016.
[EX A]:
Bureau of Reclamation Water Conservation, Efficiency, and Management Improvement Act - Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of Reclamation, to provide grants to, and enter into cooperative agreements with, nonfederal entities with water delivery authority to pay the federal share of the cost of a project to conserve water, increase water use efficiency, facilitate water markets, enhance water management, or implement other actions to prevent water-related crises or conflicts in watersheds that have a nexus to federal water projects within reclamation states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming). Directs the Secretary to publish assistance eligibility and priority criteria. Limits the federal cost share of the project to 50%. Sets the nonfederal cost share for project operation and maintenance at 100%.

Authorizes the Secretary to enter into cooperative agreements with institutions of higher education, nonprofit research institutions, or organizations with water or power delivery authority to fund research to conserve water, increase water use efficiency, or enhance water management.