Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Absenteeism from outpatient appointments is common. Telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient-appointment absenteeism in many clinic settings.', 'To determine if telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of our pulmonary function laboratory's outpatient appointment records from April to November 2004. Data were collected from consecutive outpatient appointments, including patient age, sex, whether a telephone appointment-reminder call was successfully made, and whether the patient showed up for the scheduled test. We performed 3 analyses. Differences in absenteeism between the groups was the primary outcome measure. First, appointments were separated into 2 groups: (1) appointments for which a reminder call was attempted ("called" group) and (2) appointments for which a reminder call was not attempted ("not-called" group). The appointments were then separated into 2 further groups: (1) the reminder call was successfully achieved ("contacted" group) and (2) the patient either was not called or was called but could not be reached ("not-contacted" group). Finally, the contacted group was separated into 2 further groups: (1) reminder calls that resulted in direct conversation with an appropriate person at the patient's listed telephone number, and (2) reminder message left on an answering machine.', 'Data were collected from 515 consecutive outpatient appointments; 45 (8.7%) of these patients did not show up for testing. The absentee rate was 4.7% (n = 10) in the called group and 11.6% (n = 35) in the not-called group (p = 0.0066). In the called group, 6.5% (n = 14) could not be reached. The absentee rate was 4% (n = 8) in the contacted group and 11.7% (n = 37) in the not-contacted group (p = 0.0021). We found no difference in absenteeism between patients who received reminders via direct conversation (4.2%) and those who had a reminder message left on an answering machine (3.7%) (p > 0.05).
Answer: A policy of reminding outpatients of their appointments via telephone reduces absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory. We found no difference in absenteeism between communicating the reminder via direct conversation versus via leaving a message on an answering machine.

Answer: Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory?

Question: Context: A prospective radiographic analysis of deformity correction during the balloon kyphoplasty procedure.', 'To determine the spontaneous reduction of the deformity in prone position, the subsequent deformity correction by the inflatable bone tamp, and the overall deformity correction after deposition of the cement.', 'Fracture mobility has been shown to contribute to fracture reduction in vertebroplasty. Spontaneous reduction has not been taken into account in recently published series of balloon kyphoplasty, but it must be considered when performing vertebral augmentation and when reporting and interpreting the significance of vertebral height restoration.', 'A consecutive series of 39 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated in 30 patients. Lateral radiographs were taken and analyzed at six different time points: 1) Preoperative standing. During the kyphoplasty procedure, four consecutive radiographs were obtained: 2) after placing the patient in prone position on the operation table, 3) after inflation of the bone tamp (IBT), 4) after deflation and removal of the IBT, and 5) after deposition of the cement. 6) Standing lateral radiographs were taken after the procedure. All fractures were analyzed for improvement in sagittal alignment (Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, sagittal index, vertebral height), complications, and reduction of pain (VAS).', 'Placement of the patient in prone position displayed a significant spontaneous reduction in deformity of 6.5 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees Cobb angle. Inflation of the IBT demonstrated a further reduction of the fracture and a significant improvement of the Cobb angle of 3.4 degrees compared with baseline prone. After deflation and removal of the IBT and placement of the cement, no significant loss of fracture reduction was seen. Postoperative measurement of the Cobb angle by means of standing radiographs demonstrated a 3.1 degrees significant loss of reduction compared with the intraoperative measurement in prone position after cement application. Cement leaks occurred in 9 of 39 vertebral fractures. All patients subjectively reported immediate relief of their typical fracture pain. The VAS score significantly improved from 8.7 +/- 1.4 before surgery to 2.3 +/- 0.9.
Answer: The restoration of height in kyphoplasty is attributed to dynamic fracture mobility as well as to the expansion of the inserted balloon tamp.

Answer: Is balloon kyphoplasty effective in deformity correction of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures?

Question: Context: To investigate changes in autoreactive T-cell responses against PMP-22 and P2 antigen as well as a T-cell memory repertoire in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) induced by repeated intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment.', 'In an observational trial, we prepared cryopreserved human peripheral blood monocytes from blood from 34 patients with CIDP (18 treatment naive and 16 maintenance IVIg treatment) and from 14 healthy controls (non-immune neuropathy and healthy control). Treatment response was defined by clinical evaluation. The autoantigen-specific T-cell response was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay before IVIg start (baseline) and at follow-up. The T-cell memory subsets were analysed by using flow cytometric analysis.', 'Myelin-derived P2-specific and PMP-22-specific IFN- producers were increased in IVIg responders compared with non-responders before treatment, which decreased by repeated IVIg infusion cycles. Treatment responders but not non-responders showed higher frequencies of CD4 T effector memory (TEM) and T central memory frequencies at baseline compared with maintenance IVIg treatment patients and controls. In addition, IVIg treatment was associated with a significant reduction in CD8 TEM at follow-up.
Answer: Our data demonstrate that immunomodulatory treatment with IVIgs on a long-term basis reduces the autoreactive T-cell response against PMP-22 and P2-antigens, which may be influenced by the altered maintenance of CD8 and CD4 effector/memory T-cell subsets towards a more anti-inflammatory immune status. Elevated PMP-22 and P2-specific T-cell responses may serve as predictors for treatment responsiveness to IVIgs warranting validation in larger studies.

Answer:
Does effective treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins reduce autoreactive T-cell response in patients with CIDP?