Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first eight phyla listed in Table above include only invertebrate animals. Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column , or backbone . The last phylum in the table, the Chordata, also includes many invertebrate species. Tunicates and lancelets are both invertebrates. Altogether, invertebrates make up at least 95 percent of all animal species. The remaining animals are vertebrates. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. All vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata . They include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Q: What is the term for animals that have a backbone? A:
OPTIONS:
- carnivores
- invertebrates
- herbivores
- vertebrates
Answer: vertebrates

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Emphysema is a chronic lung disease caused by the breakdown of the lung tissue. Symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, especially during exercise, and chronic cough, usually due to cigarette smoking, and wheezing, especially during expiration. Damage to the alveoli ( Figure below ), is not curable. Smoking is the leading cause of emphysema. Q: Emphysema is a chronic disease caused by the breakdown of the what tissue? A:
OPTIONS:
- heart
- liver
- brain
- lung
output: lung

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are several types of radioactive decay, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay. In all three types, nuclei emit radiation, but the nature of the radiation differs. The Table below shows the radiation emitted in each type of decay. You can watch a video about the three types at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=3koOwozY4oc . Q: What is emitted by nuclei in alpha, beta, and gamma decay? A:

OPTIONS:
- convection
- solar energy
- magnetic field
- radiation

A: radiation

input: OPTIONS:
- fetus
- secondary
- mitoses
- meiosis Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Which stage has already been completed by the time sea urchin eggs are released from the female? A:
A:
output: meiosis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fixed joints do not allow any bone movement. Many of the joints in your skull are fixed ( Figure below ). There are eight bones that fuse together to form the cranium. The joints between these bones do not allow movement, which helps protect the brain. Q: How many bones fuse together to form the cranium? A:

OPTIONS:
- 6
- 3
- 8
- 8

Answer: 8

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As has been noted in numerous Things Great and Small vignettes, this is not the first time the large has been explained by the small and vice versa. Newton realized that the nature of gravity on Earth that pulls an apple to the ground could explain the motion of the moon and planets so much farther away. Minute atoms and molecules explain the chemistry of substances on a much larger scale. Decays of tiny nuclei explain the hot interior of the Earth. Fusion of nuclei likewise explains the energy of stars. Today, the patterns in particle physics seem to be explaining the evolution and character of the universe. And the nature of the universe has implications for unexplored regions of particle physics. Cosmology is the study of the character and evolution of the universe. What are the major characteristics of the universe as we know them today? First, there are approximately 10 11 galaxies in the observable part of the universe. An average galaxy contains more than 10 11 stars, with our Milky Way galaxy being larger than average, both in its number of stars and its dimensions. Ours is a spiral-shaped galaxy with a diameter of about 100,000 light years and a thickness of about 2000 light years in the arms with a central bulge about 10,000 light years across. The Sun lies about 30,000 light years from the center near the galactic plane. There are significant clouds of gas, and there is a halo of less-dense regions of stars surrounding the main body. (See Figure 34.3. ) Evidence strongly suggests the existence of a large amount of additional matter in galaxies that does not produce lightthe mysterious dark matter we shall later discuss. Q: Newton realized that the nature of gravity on earth that pulls an apple to the ground could explain the motion of these? A:

OPTIONS:
- seasons
- atoms and quarks
- molecules
- moon and planets

A:
moon and planets