input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. A pidgin , or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common: typically, a mixture of simplified languages or a simplified primary language with other languages' elements included. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). Fundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. A pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages and cultures. They allow people who have no common language to communicate with each other. Pidgins usually have low prestige with respect to other languages.

Not all simplified or "broken" forms of a language are pidgins. Each pidgin has its own norms of usage which must be learned for proficiency in the pidgin.

A pidgin differs from a creole, which is the first language of a speech community of native speakers, and thus has a fully developed vocabulary and grammar. Most linguists believe that a creole develops through a process of nativization of a pidgin when children of acquired pidgin-speakers learn it and use it as their native language. 1. Can a pidgin be the primary language of a community?
2. What can it be made up of, besides words?
3. Who does it allow to communicate?
4. What is pidgin, very simply put?
5. Does it contain pieces from real languages?
6. What business uses situation can use a pidgin?
7. Do pidgins get much respect?
8. Does each pidgin have it's own standards on usage?
9. Can you learn it and become fluent in it?
10. Is a pidgin the same as a creole?
11. What is a creole?
12. Does it have a well established vocabulary?
13. And it's own grammar?
14. How do experts believe a creole comes about?
15. Do children learn it as their primary language?
16. Can people who live in the same country, but speak different languages use a pidgin?
17. From this article, would you say waving could be part of a pidgin?
18. Pointing?
19. How about grunting?
20. And lastly, clapping?
numbered_answers: 1. no
2. body language
3. people without a common language
4. a language
5. yes
6. trade
7. no
8. yes
9. yes
10. no
11. first language of a community
12. yes
13. yes
14. nativization of a pidgin
15. yes
16. yes
17. yes
18. yes
19. yes
20. yes

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary nee Nagle (c. 1702 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a declasse County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burke dynasty descends from an Anglo-Norman knight surnamed de Burgh (latinised as de Burgo) who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland.

In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergraduate society in the world. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's Club remain in the collection of the Historical Society. Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748. Burke's father wanted him to read Law, and with this in mind he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe. After eschewing the Law, he pursued a livelihood through writing. 1. where was burke born?
2. what is his full name?
3. what was his mother's name
4. his father
5. when did burke start at trinity college?
6. where is the college located?
7. is it a baptist establishment?
8. what kind is it?
9. before 1790 could catholics get degrees?
10. what year did that change?
11. what type of society did he set up?
12. in what ear
13. what was it called?
14. what club did they merge with?
15. what year did they merge?
16. what was the new club called?
17. is it a newer undergrad society
18. what year did Burke graduate?
19. where did he go after that?
20. to study what?
numbered_answers: 1. in Dublin, Ireland
2. unknown
3. Mary nee Nagle
4. Richard Burke
5. In 1744
6. in Dublin,
7. no
8. Protestant
9. no
10. 1793,
11. a debating society
12. In 1747
13. "Edmund Burke's Club",
14. TCD's Historical Club
15. in 1770
16. the College Historical Society;
17. no
18. in 1748.
19. London
20. Law

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. CHAPTER XX

LARRY BEFORE ADMIRAL TOGO

As soon as the _Columbia_ could make the proper landing, Captain Ponsberry went ashore and reported his arrival to the authorities, and also reported the escape of Shamhaven and Peterson. The authorities had already heard of the capture of the _Columbia_ from the Russians, and said that the schooner would have to remain at Nagasaki until the whole case could be adjusted. The Japanese were inclined to favor both the Richmond Importing Company and the owners of the vessel, so it was not likely that our friends would lose much in the end. In the meantime the _Columbia_ could be put in a dry-dock and given the overhauling that she needed.

"We shall do all we can to locate Shamhaven and Peterson and get back your money," said an official of the secret service department. But his hands were so full with other matters of greater importance that little attention was paid to the disappearance of the two rascals.

"Well, this will tie me up at Nagasaki for some time to come," said Captain Ponsberry to Larry, on the third day after arriving at the Japanese port.

"Which means, I suppose, that I can join the Japanese navy if I wish," returned the young second mate, quickly.

"I don't want to force you to leave the ship, lad. But you said----"

"I know, Captain Ponsberry, and I am glad of the chance to get away. Luke and I have talked it over once more, and yesterday we met a gunner named Steve Colton--he served on the _Brooklyn_ at the time Walter did. He is now a gun captain on board of Admiral Togo's flagship, and he is almost certain he can get us good positions. He says gunners and gunners' assistants are just now badly needed." 1. Who went on land?
2. Did he report to anyone?
3. How many had gotten free?
4. Who were they?
5. Who captured the Columbia?
6. What type of vessel was it?
7. Was it to be leaving soon?
8. What would it have to wait for?
9. Where would it be stored?
10. What did the authorities think they would get back when they found the men?
11. Did they put much manpower into finding them?
12. When did the captain talk with Larry?
13. Who is Steve Colton?
14. Was he stationed on the Columbia?
15. Where was he stationed?
16. Who did he serve with then?
17. Where is he stationed now?
18. What is his rank?
19. Does he need men?
20. To act as what?
numbered_answers:
1. Captain Ponsberry
2. the authorities
3. two
4. Shamhaven and Peterson
5. Captain Ponsberry
6. schooner
7. no
8. case could be adjusted
9. dry-dock
10. the captain's money
11. no
12. third day
13. a gunner
14. no
15. the Brooklyn
16. Walter
17. Admiral Togo's flagship
18. gun captain
19. yes
20. gunners and gunners' assistants