Summarize the following:
The color of a horse's teeth provide a general clue as to horse's age. The milk teeth are white, and the permanent teeth (which erupt at 2 to 5 years of age) that replace them are cream-yellow. With increasing age they turn brown (20 years plus). Looking at the shape of the chewing surface on a horse's incisors will also help you to determine its age. Milk incisors are oval, adult incisors are circular, and senior incisors are triangular. The cutting or chewing surface of the tooth is the portion of the tooth perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. It is also sometimes called the "table" of the tooth. The incisors are the teeth located at the front of the mouth, which the horse uses to chop grass. When you peel back the horse's lips, it is the incisors you see. The teeth at the back of the mouth, which you cannot see without special equipment, are the molars. These are the names given to various ridges that form a pattern on the biting surface of the horse's incisors. They are formed by deep ridges in the enamel, which wear away over the course of the animal's life to give characteristic shapes. To check for an infundibulum or "cup," open the horse's mouth to see the chewing or cutting surface of the incisors. A cup is a deep brown linear mark toward the back of the incisor surface and is present from when the adult tooth first erupts, but it becomes fainter over time. The cup disappears first from the central incisors (those in the center) around 9 years of age, then the middle incisors around 10 years of age, and the corner (outer) incisors at around 12 years of age. Once all the cups have worn away, the horse is said to be "smooth mouthed". "Stars" are a circular brown mark that sits in front of the cup. This first appears at 8-10 years of age and becomes more obvious with age. Young teeth meet in a vertical line. After 5 years of age, the teeth start to slope and meet at an angle. In an aged horse (20 years plus), this sloping angle can be very acute. Galvayne's Groove forms as a result of a slight fold or indentation in the tooth enamel. It is a quirk of nature that it develops at a fairly predictable age and is a useful guide to aging horses between the ages of 10 to 25-30 years old. It is a brown mark that appears at the gum line at the center of the upper corner incisor at approximately 10 years old. It grows down and reaches halfway down the tooth at 15 years before leaving the gum line at 20 years. The mark then grows out completely over the subsequent 5-10 years afterward. For example, a horse where the groove is only present in the lower half of the corner incisor is going to be between 23-25 years old. Horses under the age of 10 and over the age of 30 do not have a Galvayne's Groove, so to avoid jumping to the wrong conclusion, take other factors into account when aging the horse.

summary: Look a the color of the horse's teeth. Examine the shape of the chewing surface. Keep an eye out for marks, cups, and stars. Take note of the angle of the teeth. Identify Galvayne's Groove.

Summarize the following:
This is an alternate brewing method and should be used if you do not intend to heat your juice before fermenting it. You should not use both brewing methods. Sulfites come in the form of campden tablets. The sulfites are fairly mild and are usually neutralized by the time the cider is ready to enjoy. You will need to let the juice sit for a while after adding the sulfites in order to reduce the strength of the sulfites. Otherwise, the sulfites may kill some of the yeast. Pour the juice or cider directly into the container you intend to ferment the cider in. A professional-grade fermenter leaves the smallest room for error, but you can use five 1-gallon (4-L) empty milk jugs for a cheaper option. Use the back of a spoon to crush the tablets into a fine dust. Crush the tablets on a plate or other surface that you can easily remove the powder from. Add the crushed campden tablets to your juice or cider and stir slightly with a spoon to mix. Cover the fermenter and allow the sulfites to sit in the juice for a full two days before you ferment the cider. You will ferment the juice with remnants of the sulfites in it. These sulfites will not get filtered out.
summary: Understand when and why to use this method. Pour the juice into your fermenter. Crush the campden tablets. Stir the campden tablets into your juice. Let set for two days.