Problem: Process: - Sunlight hits chloroplasts in the plant - The energy from the sunlight causes an enzyme in the plant to break apart the water - The water breakes into oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons - Hydrogen, along with electrons energized by light, converts NADP into NADPH - Oxygen diffuses out of the plant as a waste product of photosynthesis - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose it is the height of summer happens, how will it affect less sunlight hits chloroplasts. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - Add water to a pot - Put the pot over a source of heat - Turn the heat on - Wait for a few minutes - Begin to observe small bubbles in the water - Wait until the water starts to bubble a lot - Wait until you can see steam rising from the water - Turn the heat source off - Take the pot off of the heat source. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less heat is utilised happens, how will it affect SLOWER boiling. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - A conducting metal, like copper, is wrapped around a piece of metal - An electrical source, like a battery, produces an electrical current - The electrical current flows through the wire - The electrical current creates a magnetic field around the wire, magnetizing the metal - The magnetic field can be turned on and off by starting or stopping the electricity source - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less copper is wrapped around metal happens, how will it affect a WEAKER electromagnet. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - The earth develops cracks deep beneath the surface - The cracks get very long and big in some places - The earth places pressure against the rocks on both sides of the cracks - The pressure causes the rocks to press against each other very hard - The cracks continue to develop - The earth moves against itself on both sides of the cracks - The pressure and movement around the cracks causes the rocks to crumble in some places - A lot of energy is released - The energy causes seismic waves - The seismic waves move the earth in an earthquake. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose surface of earth including oceans will be damaged happens, how will it affect MORE/STRONGER earthquakes. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no