Information: - The Oxford Calculators were a group of 14th-century thinkers, almost all associated with Merton College, Oxford; for this reason they were dubbed "The Merton School". These men took a strikingly logico-mathematical approach to philosophical problems. The key "calculators", writing in the second quarter of the 14th century, were Thomas Bradwardine, William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead and John Dumbleton. These men built on the slightly earlier work of Walter Burley and Gerard of Brussels. - Richard Swineshead ( a.k.a. Suisset , Suiseth , etc. ) ( fl . c. 1340 -- 1354 ) was an English mathematician , logician , and natural philosopher . He was perhaps the greatest of the Oxford Calculators of Merton College , where he was a fellow certainly by 1344 and possibly by 1340 . His magnum opus was a series of treatises known as the Liber calculationum ( '' Book of Calculations '' ) , written c. 1350 , which earned him the nickname of The Calculator . Robert Burton ( d. 1640 ) wrote in The Anatomy of Melancholy that '' Scaliger and Cardan admire Suisset the calculator , qui pene modum excessit humani ingenii ( whose talents were almost superhuman ) '' . Gottfried Leibniz wrote in a letter of 1714 : '' Il y a eu autrefois un Suisse , qui avoit mathematise dans la Scholastique : ses Ouvrages sont peu connus ; mais ce que j'en ai vu m'a paru profond et considerable . '' ( '' There was once a Suisse , who did mathematics belonging to scholasticism ; his works are little known , but what I have seen of them seemed to me profound and relevant . '' ) Leibniz even had a copy of one of Swineshead 's treatises made from an edition in the Bibliotheque du Roi in Paris . Girolamo Cardano included Swineshead ( as John Suisset surnamed the Calculator ) on his famous list of 12 Greatest Minds . - Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1300 26 August 1349) was an English cleric, scholar, mathematician, physicist, courtier and, very briefly, Archbishop of Canterbury. As a celebrated scholastic philosopher and doctor of theology, he is often called Doctor Profundus, (medieval epithet, meaning "the Profound Doctor"). - Walter Burley (or Burleigh) (c. 12751344/5) was a medieval English scholastic philosopher and logician with at least 50 works attributed to him. He received his Master of Arts degree in 1301, and was a fellow of Merton College Oxford until about 1310. He then spent sixteen years in Paris, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324, before spending 17 years as a clerical courtier in England and Avignon. Burley disagreed with William of Ockham on a number of points concerning logic and natural philosophy. He died in about 1344. - John of Dumbleton (Latin "Ioannes De Dumbleton"; c. 1310 c. 1349) was a member of the Dumbleton village community in Gloucestershire, a southwestern county in England. Although obscure, he is considered a significant English fourteenth-century philosopher for his contributions to logic, natural philosophy, and physics. Dumbletons masterwork is his "Summa Logicae et Philosophiae Naturalis" (Summary of Logic and Natural Philosophy), likely to have been composed just before the time of his death. - Gerard of Brussels was an early thirteenth-century geometer and philosopher known primarily for his Latin book "Liber de motu" (or "On Motion"), which was a pioneering study in kinematics, probably written between 1187 and 1260. It has been described as "the first Latin treatise that was to take the fundamental approach to kinematics that was to characterize modern kinematics." He brought the works of Euclid and Archimedes back into popularity and was a direct influence on the Oxford Calculators (four kinematicists of Merton College) in the next century. Gerard is cited by Thomas Bradwardine in his "Tractatus de proportionibus velocitatum" (1328). His chief contribution was in moving away from Greek mathematics and closer to the notion of "a ratio of two unlike quantities such as distance and time", which is how modern physics defines velocity. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'languages spoken or written'.
A:
richard swineshead , latin