In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
of the statute before many petitioners would be able to identify, with reasonable certainty, the nature of the injury. Brice v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 36 Fed.Cl. 474, 477 (1996), aff'd on other grounds, 240 F.3d 1367 (Fed.Cir.2001). In Brice, we held that equitable tolling is not available for claims arising under 300-16(a)(2), reasoning that "the statute of limitations here begins to run upon the first symptom or manifestation of the onset of injury, even if the petitioner reasonably would not have known at that time that the vaccine had caused an injury." 240 F.3d at 1373; see also Sharpnack v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 90-983V, 1992 WL 167255, at *2 (Cl.Ct. Special Master June 29, 1992), aff'd, 27 Fed.Cl. 457 (1993), aff'd, 17 F.3d 1442 (Fed.Cir.1994) (table) (<HOLDING>). The Supreme Court, in Whitecotton,
Holding statements: (A) holding that absolute immunity protects judges so long as their acts are judicial in nature internal quotation omitted (B) holding substantial evidence is defined as more than a scintilla but less than a preponderance and consists of such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a eonclusion (C) holding that in many vaccine program cases the injuries are first manifest ed as subtle signs and seizures of less complicated nature eg seizures lasting less than 30 minutes or seizure activity so subtle as to be unrecognized at their onset (D) holding that the govemment is not liable under the federal tort claims act for injuries to service members where the injuries arise out of or are in the course of activity incident to military service (E) holding that the united states is immune from monetary damages for injuries to servicemen where the injuries arise out of or are in the course of activity incident to service

Ex Output:
holding that absolute immunity protects judges so long as their acts are judicial in nature internal quotation omitted

Ex Input:
issue in question." Bradley Ventures, Inc. v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. of Ark., 371 Ark. 229, 264 S.W.3d 485, 490 (2007). UAMS maintains that collateral estoppel applies to Dodson I and II, barring both of Dodson's pending claims, but our discussion is considerably narrower. First, I would set aside Dodson I because I am uncertain that the court's relevant finding was "essential to the judgment." Powell, 289 S.W.3d at 444. Second, I would set aside Count II, which is Dodson's impliedeontract claim. Importantly, Count II is premised on UAMS's conduct after Dodson II, i.e., sending Dodson bills for the embryo storage fees, and therefore cannot be precluded by the earlier chancery court decision. See Ripplin Shoals Land Co. v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng'rs, 440 F.3d 1038, 1044 (8th Cir.2006) (<HOLDING>); cf. id. at 1042 ("[R]es judicata does not
Holding statements: (A) holding that an assignment does not modify the terms of the underlying contract (B) recognizing that a final judgment may provide for a particular standard upon which to modify a final judgment (C) holding that a prior judgment regarding a permit to modify an existing bridge does not preclude a plaintiff from challenging a decision on a new application describing and a different bridge design (D) holding that district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to permit a design defect products liability expert to submit an untimely addendum stating a new claim of failure to warn after defense expert refuted the basis of original design defect opinion (E) holding untimeliness of motion to modify medical insurance payment did not preclude motion to modify maintenance

Ex Output:
holding that an assignment does not modify the terms of the underlying contract

Ex Input:
Cir.1997) (upholding a 3A1.2(a) sentence enhancement of defendant who was convicted of plotting to blow up an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) building because, although no one was killed and the defendant did not know the names of his intended victims, the defendant did intend to "kill, injure, or maim federal employees in the [building] solely because those person worked for the IRS."); United States v. Harris, 104 F.3d 1465, 1476 (5th Cir.1997) (reversing a defendant's enhancement under 3A1.2(a) because while two of the defendant's co-conspirators had shot a police officer while fleeing, the defendant's offense of conviction, accessory after the fact, "was not motivated by the government employee status" of the officer.); United States v. Hooker, 997 F.2d 67, 75-76 (5th Cir.1993) (<HOLDING>). We have previously never considered an
Holding statements: (A) holding that there was no double counting in applying 3c12 and 3a12b because they were based on separate acts (B) holding that the defendants sentences were properly enhanced under 3a12b because they assaulted an officer employed by the mississippi bureau of narcotics and during the assault made statements including they are the police lets kill them (C) holding that statements made only to supervisor and chief by police officer were matters of public concern (D) holding defendants were properly joined because they are alleged to have participated in the underlying conspiracy (E) holding that the defendants unconstitutionally obtained statements to the police telling them that narcotics were located in the hood of his truck did not render the narcotics inadmissible because the police were trained to look under the hoods of vehicles when searching for drugs and therefore would have found them even had the defendant not directed them to look under the hood

Ex Output:
holding that there was no double counting in applying 3c12 and 3a12b because they were based on separate acts