input: Please answer the following: Information: - The Carolingian Empire (800888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards of Italy from 774. In 800, the Frankish king Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III in an effort to revive the Roman Empire in the west during a vacancy in the throne of the eastern Roman Empire. After a civil war (84043) following the death of Emperor Louis the Pious, the empire was divided into autonomous kingdoms, with one king still recognised as emperor, but with little authority outside his own kingdom. The unity of the empire and the hereditary right of the Carolingians continued to be acknowledged. - Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. - Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester ( 1104 -- 5 April 1168 ) was Justiciar of England 1155 -- 1168 . The surname '' de Beaumont '' is given him by genealogists . The only known contemporary surname applied to him is '' Robert son of Count Robert '' . Henry Knighton , the fourteenth - century chronicler notes him as Robert '' Le Bossu '' ( meaning '' Robert the Hunchback '' in French ) . - England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. - In Medieval England and Scotland the Chief Justiciar (later known simply as the Justiciar) was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister as the monarch's chief minister. Similar positions existed Continental Europe, particularly in Norman Italy and in the Carolingian empire. The term is the English form of the medieval Latin "justiciarius" or "justitiarius" ("man of justice", i.e. "judge"). Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'occupation' with 'judge'.
++++++++++
output: robert de beaumont

input question: Information: - Comparative politics is a field in political science, characterized by an empirical approach based on the "comparative method". In other words, comparative politics is the study of the domestic politics, political institutions, and conflicts of countries. It often involves comparisons among countries and through time within single countries, emphasizing key patterns of similarity and difference. Arend Lijphart argues that comparative politics does not have a "substantive" focus in itself, but rather a "methodological" one: it focuses on "the "how" but does not specify the "what" of the analysis." In other words, comparative politics is not defined by the object of its study, but rather by the method it applies to study political phenomena. Peter Mair and Richard Rose advance a slightly different definition, arguing that comparative politics is defined by a combination of a "substantive" focus on the study of countries' political systems and a "method" of identifying and explaining similarities and differences between these countries using common concepts. Rose states that, on his definition: "The focus is explicitly or implicitly upon more than one country, thus following familiar political science usage in excluding within-nation comparison. Methodologically, comparison is distinguished by its use of concepts that are applicable in more than one country." - Peter Mair (March 3, 1951 August 15, 2011) was an Irish political scientist. He was professor of Comparative Politics at the European University Institute in Florence. - Arend d'Angremond Lijphart (born 17 August 1936, Apeldoorn, Netherlands) is a political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics. He received his PhD in Political Science at Yale University in 1963, after studying at Principia College from 1955 to 1958. He is currently Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. Dutch by birth, he has spent most of his working life in the United States and is an American citizen. He has since regained his Dutch citizenship and is now a dual citizen of both the Netherlands and the United States. - Michael Gallagher is a political scientist . He is Professor of Comparative Politics and head of the Department of Political Science at the University of Dublin , Trinity College . Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'date of birth' with '1951'.???
output answer:
michael gallagher