Q: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek arkhitekton "architect", from - "chief" and "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who wrote about the notion of style?
2. In what century?
3. What was it's title?
4. Has it been translated?
5. Into how many languages?
6. What are they"
7. Who wrote the first surviving work?
8. When?
9. What was his nationality?
10. And it's title?
11. How many principles does he list?
12. What are they?
13. What does that translate to?
14. What is the Greek translation for architecture?
15. What is it in Greek?
16. How is it known in Latin?
17. Who came up with the Golden mean?
18. What did Alberti write about?
19. Is anything idealised?
20. What?
A: 1. Vasari
2. In the 18th century
3. Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
4. Yes
5. Four
6. Italian, French, Spanish and English.
7. Vitruvius
8. In the early 1st century
9. Roman
10. De architectura
11. Three
12. firmitas, utilitas, and venustas
13. firmness, commodity and delight
14. Chief Builder
15.
16. architectura
17. De Re Aedificatoria
18. The ideas of Vitruvius
19. Yes
20. The human figure,
Q: The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as "King's College", the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution. As a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two satellite campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga.

Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, known collectively as the Toronto School. The university was the birthplace of insulin and stem cell research, and was the site of the first practical electron microscope, the development of multi-touch technology, the identification of the first black hole Cygnus X-1, and the development of the theory of NP-completeness. By a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University in Montreal.

Answer the following questions:
1. what is the name of the school?
2. does it have alternate accepted names?
3. how many?
4. what are they?
5. when did they decide on the current name?
6. what was it called before that?
7. when was it founded?
8. who had original control of it?
9. is it still religious?
10. what type of modern research was born there?
11. what type of lab equipment used for seeing invisible thing was first developed there?
12. what type of technology are they credited with developing?
13. do they get a lot of funding?
14. what non-Canadian Association are they a member of?
15. are any other Canadian schools a member?
16. what one?
17. what city is the school in?
18. where is UofT located?
19. do they have any offsite facilities?
A: 1. The University of Toronto
2. Yes
3. Three
4. U of T, UToronto, or Toronto
5. 1850
6. King's College
7. 1827
8. Church of England,
9. Yes
10. tem cell research
11. electron microscope
12. multi-touch technology
13. Yes
14. Association of American Universities
15. Yes
16. McGill University
17. Montreal.
18. Toronto
19. Yes
Q: (CNN) -- Jose Mourinho likes to keep them guessing.

Three days after the Real Madrid manager hinted he was on his way back to England and Chelsea, the self-proclaimed "Special One" insisted his future was still undecided.

Mourinho signed a contract extension until 2016 with Real Madrid last May after ending Barcelona's three-year stranglehold on La Liga, but his relationship with the Spanish press soured and he has clashed with Madrid and Spain's much-loved keeper, Iker Casillas.

"When I decide on my future, my wife and kids will be the first to know, then the president and general director," Mourinho told reporters ahead of Real Madrid's game against Real Valladolid. "I haven't decided to leave. If I go, I will not give explanations."

Despite Mourinho's pronouncement Friday, England's Sun newspaper claimed that he has already agreed to return to Chelsea but that an official announcement was unlikely until July 1.

On Tuesday following Real Madrid's exit in the Champions League semifinals for a third straight season under Mourinho, this time to Borussia Dortmund, the 50-year-old, not for the first time, spoke of his deep fondness for England.

"I know in England I am loved," Mourinho said. "I know. I know I am loved by the fans. I am loved by the media that treats me in a fair way, criticizing me when they have to, but giving me credit when I deserve it. I know I am loved by some clubs, especially one."

Tottenham boss Andre Villas-Boas, who worked under his fellow Portuguese and formerly managed Chelsea, said Mourinho resurfacing in the Premier League would be "spectacular." With Mourinho at the helm, Chelsea ended a 50-year title drought and won back-to-back Premier League titles.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who is the boss of Tottenham?
2. Who was he the former manager of?
3. What does he think about Mourinho coming back?
4. How long has it been since Chelsea has won a title?
5. Did Mourinho change that?
6. How many did he win?
7. Were they spaced apart over years?
8. What is Mourinho's nickname?
9. Is it self proclaimed?
10. What does he insist about his future?
A:
1. Andre Villas-Boas
2. Chelsea
3. it would would be "spectacular."
4. 50-years
5. yes
6. Two
7. no, they were back to back
8. "Special One"
9. yes
10. his family will bw the first to know