TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: a threat to water quality because they do not introduce any invasive species from outside the Great Lakes. EPA has properly rejected this argument, noting that Lakers can spread or more rapidly distribute invasive species already present, in the Great Lakes. Id. at 501. 16 . Federal regulation permits such limits to be expressed narratively if the calculation of numeric limits is "infeasible." 40 C.F.R. 122.44(k)(3). 17 . EPA also claims general prohibitions can be BMPs, citing 40 C.F.R. 122.2, but does not offer an example of something as general as the WQBEL standard being found to be a BMP. As discussed herein, the EPA's charac-terizationis inconsistent with regulations that require WQBELs to "ensure compliance." 40 C.F.R. 122.4(d); see Auer, 519 U.S. at 461, 117 S.Ct. 905 (<HOLDING>). 18 . EPA's response is that petitioners'
Holding statements: (A) holding interpretation may not be inconsistent with regulation (B) holding that where a regulation could not fairly be read to have spoken at all on an issue an agencys proposed interpretation of the regulation as it pertained to that issue was not a reasonable interpretation of the regulation (C) holding that courts should defer to agencys interpretation of its own regulations if not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation (D) holding that a secretarys interpretation of a departments regulation is controlling unless plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation (E) holding that deference is owed to an agencys interpretation of its own categorical exclusion regulations so long as that interpretation is not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation

SOLUTION: holding that where a regulation could not fairly be read to have spoken at all on an issue an agencys proposed interpretation of the regulation as it pertained to that issue was not a reasonable interpretation of the regulation

PROBLEM: is tied to the challenged retaliatory act, not the' underlying conduct that forms the basis of the Title VII complaint"). 1. Basic Contributor Rating LMC does not dispute that a basic contributor rating is an adverse employment action and that the action took place after Dr. Chawla's August 2, 2011 and September 22, 2011 complaints. On September. 29, 2011, Mr. Hooker was notified that he was the subject of an investigation of Dr. Chawla's complaints. Docket No. 37-2 at 5. However, Dr. Chawla does not contest that Mr. Nichols had a role in assigning the basic contributor rating and identified no specific facts upon which to conclude that Mr. Nichols was aware of Dr. Chawla's prior complaints of discrimi nation. See Hinds v. Sprint/United Mgm't Co., 523 F.3d 1187, 1203 (10th Cir.2008) (<HOLDING>). Dr. Chawla also does not attack the stated
Holding statements: (A) holding that in order to show a causal connection plaintiff must present evidence from which a reasonable factfinder could conclude that those who decided to fire him had knowledge of his protected activity (B) holding that to establish a causal connection plaintiff must show that the individual who took adverse action against him knew of the employees protected activity (C) holding that to show a causal connection the plaintiff must demonstrate a relationship between the misconduct and the plaintiffs injury (D) holding that the plaintiff failed to show retaliation where there was no evidence that the employees who disciplined him knew of his protected activity (E) holding that in addition to temporal proximity plaintiff must show further evidence supporting a causal connection

SOLUTION: holding that to establish a causal connection plaintiff must show that the individual who took adverse action against him knew of the employees protected activity

PROBLEM: and Recommendation ("Report") suggesting denying Dickey-Williams' motion and granting the Commissioner for Social Security's ("Commissioner") motion. Report, ECF No. 13. Dickey-Williams filed three timely objections to the Report. She argues the Report improperly dismissed the ALJ's failure to apply the treating physician rule to the opinions of Dr. Clague; the Report did not properly consider the opinions of psychologist Ross Thayer; and the report overlooked the ALJ's failure to discuss whether Dickey-Williams' migraines affected her residual function capacity. Objection at 2-7, ECF No. 14. Civil Rule 72 does not require the Court to hold a hearing when reviewing a magistrate judge's findings. Fed.R.Civ.P. 72; U.S. v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667, 674, 100 S.Ct. 2406, 65 L.Ed.2d 424 (1980) (<HOLDING>); see also Estate of Wyatt v. WAMU/JP Morgan
Holding statements: (A) holding that appellant was entitled to a de novo review however he was not entitled to a de novo review of an argument never raised (B) recognizing de novo standard of review (C) holding 28 usc 636 did not require a hearing for de novo review of a magistrates findings (D) holding that review of the construction of a sentencing statute is de novo (E) holding that the error caused by the magistrate judges unauthorized postjudgment order was cured by the district courts later de novo review of the magistrates findings and conclusions

SOLUTION:
holding that appellant was entitled to a de novo review however he was not entitled to a de novo review of an argument never raised