Problem: Process: - People breathe and expel carbon dioxide - Engines produce carbon dioxide - Living things produce waste - Waste decomposes - Decomposition produces methane - Water evaporates - Water vapor joins the atmosphere - Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane are greenhouse gases - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the population declines happens, how will it affect more carbon dioxide. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - People breathe and expel carbon dioxide - Engines produce carbon dioxide - Living things produce waste - Waste decomposes - Decomposition produces methane - Water evaporates - Water vapor joins the atmosphere - Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane are greenhouse gases - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less fuel used happens, how will it affect MORE greenhouse gases. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - An isotope has too many protons - The isotope is unstable - The isotope emits radiation - The isotope decays - The isotope loses some atomic particles - The isotope turns into a different element - The isotope is finished decaying and emitting radiation. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose isotope is less stable happens, how will it affect isotope decays more. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Process: - Get the ice tray - Remove any ice cubes currently in the tray - Fill the tray with cold water - Ensure the tray is evenly filled to an appropriate level - Open the freezer - Place the tray in the freezer - Close the freezer door - Wait. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is less flora happens, how will it affect Fill more trays with cold water. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no