Answer the following question given this paragraph: The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities. Q: Electromagnetic specturm is the full spectrum of raidant energy, which is energy emitted and transmitted as what? Choices: - currents - flows - tides - waves A:
waves
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Paleobotanist How organisms acquired traits that allow them to colonize new environmentsand how the contemporary ecosystem is shapedare fundamental questions of evolution. Paleobotany (the study of extinct plants) addresses these questions through the analysis of fossilized specimens retrieved from field studies, reconstituting the morphology of organisms that disappeared long ago. Paleobotanists trace the evolution of plants by following the modifications in plant morphology: shedding light on the connection between existing plants by identifying common ancestors that display the same traits. This field seeks to find transitional species that bridge gaps in the path to the development of modern organisms. Fossils are formed when organisms are trapped in sediments or environments where their shapes are preserved. Paleobotanists collect fossil specimens in the field and place them in the context of the geological sediments and other fossilized organisms surrounding them. The activity requires great care to preserve the integrity of the delicate fossils and the layers of rock in which they are found. One of the most exciting recent developments in paleobotany is the use of analytical chemistry and molecular biology to study fossils. Preservation of molecular structures requires an environment free of oxygen, since oxidation and degradation of material through the activity of microorganisms depend on its presence. One example of the use of analytical chemistry and molecular biology is the identification of oleanane, a compound that deters pests. Up to this point, oleanane appeared to be unique to flowering plants; however, it has now been recovered from sediments dating from the Permian, much earlier than the current dates given for the appearance of the first flowering plants. Paleobotanists can also study fossil DNA, which can yield a large amount of information, by analyzing and comparing the DNA sequences of extinct plants with those of living and related organisms. Through this analysis, evolutionary... Q: What is paleobotany? Choices: - study of diseased plants - study of new plants - study of fresh plants - study of extinct plants A:
study of extinct plants
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Intramembranous ossification begins in utero during fetal development and continues on into adolescence. At birth, the skull and clavicles are not fully ossified nor are the sutures of the skull closed. This allows the skull and shoulders to deform during passage through the birth canal. The last bones to ossify via intramembranous ossification are the flat bones of the face, which reach their adult size at the end of the adolescent growth spurt. Q: What process that begins in utero during fetal development and continues on into adolescence involves closing of the skull? Choices: - incubation - elongation - calcification - ossification A:
A: ossification
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sympatric Speciation Can divergence occur if no physical barriers are in place to separate individuals who continue to live and reproduce in the same habitat? The answer is yes. The process of speciation within the same space is called sympatric speciation; the prefix "sym" means same, so "sympatric" means "same homeland" in contrast to "allopatric" meaning "other homeland. " A number of mechanisms for sympatric speciation have been proposed and studied. One form of sympatric speciation can begin with a serious chromosomal error during cell division. In a normal cell division event chromosomes replicate, pair up, and then separate so that each new cell has the same number of chromosomes. However, sometimes the pairs separate and the end cell product has too many or too few individual chromosomes in a condition called aneuploidy (Figure 18.14). Q: Species divergence often, but not always, occurs because of what type of barrier between species? Choices: - emotional - visible - language - physical A:
Answer: physical
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Parts of a Neuron As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = "body"). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. But what makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are generally referred to as processes. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that emerges from the cell body and projects to target cells. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. The dendrites are usually highly branched processes, providing locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. This gives the neuron a polaritymeaning that information flows in this one direction. Figure 12.8 shows the relationship of these parts to one another. Q: Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles? Choices: - organ body - simple body - retinal body - cell body A:
**Answer**
cell body
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Wavelengths are described by a unit of distance, typically meters. Q: Wavelengths are described by a unit of what? Choices: - weight - direction - speed - distance A:
**Answer**
distance