Q: CHAPTER SEVEN.

THE MIDDY OBTAINS A DECIDED ADVANCE, AND MAKES PETER THE GREAT HIS CONFIDANT.

Many months passed, after the events narrated in the last chapter, before George Foster had the good-fortune to meet again with Hugh Sommers, and several weeks elapsed before he had the chance of another interview with the daughter.

Indeed, he was beginning to despair of ever again seeing either the one or the other, and it required the utmost energy and the most original suggestions of a hopeful nature on the part of his faithful friend to prevent his giving way altogether, and having, as Peter expressed it, "anoder fit ob de blues."

At last fortune favoured him. He was busy in the garden one day planting flowers, when Peter came to him and said--

"I's got news for you to-day, Geo'ge."

"Indeed," said the middy, with a weary sigh; "what may your news be?"

"You 'member dat pictur' ob de coffee-house in de town what you doo'd?"

"Yes, now you mention it, I do, though I had almost forgotten it."

"Ah! but I not forgit 'im! Well, yesterday I tuk it to massa, an' he bery much pleased. He say, bring you up to de house, an' he gib you some work to do."

"I wish," returned Foster, "that he'd ask me to make a portrait of little Hester Sommers."

"You forgit, Geo'ge, de Moors neber git deir portraits doo'd. Dey 'fraid ob de evil eye."

"Well, when are we to go up?"

"Now--I jist come for you."

1. Hugh Sommers
2. Peter
3. His master has work for George
4. many months
5. yes
6. "anoder fit ob de blues."
7. George
8. planting flowers
9. yes
10. now
11. some work
12. to make a portrait of little Hester Sommers
13. get their portraits done
14. They're afraid of the evil eye

Numbered questions:
1. who came to visit George?
2. and who came to him to deliver some news?
3. what was his news?
4. how long had it been since George met with Hugh?
5. was George beginning to despair?
6. how did Peter describe it when he felt that way?
7. who is a middy?
8. what was he doing when Peter arrived?
9. was it fortunate that Peter had come to him?
10. when were they supposed to go visit the master?
11. what was George going to do for him?
12. what did Foster wish he asked him?
13. what did Peter say they never do?
14. why don't they?

Q: Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems in sign languages.

The word phonology (as in the phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language. This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise, like its syntax and its vocabulary.

Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology.

1. the mid 20th century.
2. yes
3. yes
4. yes
5. phonematics
6. phonemics
7. yes
8. phonetics
9. Three
10. physical production of the sounds of speech
11. the acoustic transmission of those sounds
12. The perception of the sounds
13. descriptive linguistics
14. yes
15. theoretical linguistics
16. linguist
17. yes
18. Phonology
19. yes

Numbered questions:
1. When was the concept of the phoneme put forth?
2. Does phonology usually focus on phonemes is certain languages?
3. Did phonology have a different name at one point?
4. More than one?
5. What is one of those names?
6. And the other name?
7. Is phonology commonly differentiated from something?
8. From what?
9. How many concepts does phonetics concern?
10. And one of those concepts is?
11. And another one?
12. And the last one?
13. According to people who work in the field to which brand of linguistics does phonetics belong to?
14. And does phonology belong to a specific one?
15. Which one?
16. What is a person called who works in this field?
17. Can sign languages fall under this field in linguistics?
18. Under what branch specifically?
19. Can a sound system be considered part of a fundamental system of a language?

Q: The campaign is over. The celebrations have ended. And the work for US president-elect Barack Obama has begun.

The 47-year-old politician rose to the highest post because of his stand against the war in Iraq and his plans to fix a weak economy. But what will the first 47-year-old African-American president do for race relations?

Obama's victory appears to have given blacks and other minorities a true national role model. For years, many looked to athletes and musicians for inspiration. As Darius Turner, an African-American high school student in Los Angeles, told the Los Angeles Times, "Kobe doesn't have to be everybody's role model anymore."

Recent polls also suggest that Obama's victory has given Americans new optimism about race relations. For example, a USA Today poll found that two-thirds of Americans believe relations between blacks and whites "will finally be worked out". This is the most hopeful response since the question was first asked during the civil rights revolution in 1963.

However, it's still too early to tell whether Obama's presidency will begin to solve many of the social problems facing low-income black communities.

Although blacks make up only 13 percent of the US population, 55 percent of all prisoners are African-American. Such numbers can be blamed on any number of factors on America's racist past, a failure of government policy and the collapse of the family unit in black communities.

It is unlikely that Obama will be able to reverse such trends overnight. However, Bill Bank, an expert of African-American Studies, says that eventually young blacks need to find role models in their own communities. "That's not Martin Luther King, and not Barack Obama," he told the Los Angeles Times. "It's actually the people closest to them. Barack only has so much influence."

In the opinion of black British politician Trevor Phillips, Obama's rise will contribute more to multiculturalism than to race relations in the US.

"When the G8 meets, the four most important people in the room will be the president of China, the prime minister of India, the prime minister of Japan and Barak Obama," he told London's The Times newspaper. "It will be the first time we've seen that on our television screens. That will be a huge psychological shift for both the white people and the color1ed ones in the world."

1. Barack Obama
2. blacks and other minorities
3. Martin Luther King
4. unknown
5. the people closest to them
6. relations between blacks and whites "will finally be worked out"
7. unknown
8. contribute more to multiculturalism than to race relations
9. the president of China, the prime minister of India, the prime minister of Japan and Barak Obama
10. television

Numbered questions:
1. Who won the election?
2. Who might look up to him?
3. Who did they look at before?
4. Who else?
5. Who inspired them?
6. What was hoped would be resolved?
7. Will the president create miracles?
8. What will his rise mean?
9. Who would be at the meeting?
10. Where would it be shown?