In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

[Q]: To create our training dataset, we followed an approach similar to LASER. The dataset contains 6 languages: English, Spanish, German, Dutch, Korean and Chinese Mandarin. The dataset was created by using translations provided by Tatoeba and OpenSubtitles BIBREF16.
[A]: Which corpus do they use?

[Q]: Construction of the auxiliary sentence
For simplicity, we mainly describe our method with TABSA as an example.

We consider the following four methods to convert the TABSA task into a sentence pair classification task:

The sentence we want to generate from the target-aspect pair is a question, and the format needs to be the same. For example, for the set of a target-aspect pair (LOCATION1, safety), the sentence we generate is "what do you think of the safety of location - 1 ?"

For the NLI task, the conditions we set when generating sentences are less strict, and the form is much simpler. The sentence created at this time is not a standard sentence, but a simple pseudo-sentence, with (LOCATION1, safety) pair as an example: the auxiliary sentence is: "location - 1 - safety".

For QA-B, we add the label information and temporarily convert TABSA into a binary classification problem ( INLINEFORM0 ) to obtain the probability distribution. At this time, each target-aspect pair will generate three sequences such as "the polarity of the aspect safety of location - 1 is positive", "the polarity of the aspect safety of location - 1 is negative", "the polarity of the aspect safety of location - 1 is none". We use the probability value of INLINEFORM1 as the matching score. For a target-aspect pair which generates three sequences ( INLINEFORM2 ), we take the class of the sequence with the highest matching score for the predicted category.

The difference between NLI-B and QA-B is that the auxiliary sentence changes from a question to a pseudo-sentence. The auxiliary sentences are: "location - 1 - safety - positive", "location - 1 - safety - negative", and "location - 1 - safety - none".

After we construct the auxiliary sentence, we can transform the TABSA task from a single sentence classification task to a sentence pair classification task. As shown in Table TABREF19 , this is a necessary operation that can significantly improve the experimental results of the TABSA task.
[A]: How do they generate the auxiliary sentence?

[Q]: As illustrated in Figure FIGREF1, our key idea is that we can exploit discourse relations BIBREF4 to efficiently propagate polarity from seed predicates that directly report one's emotions (e.g., "to be glad" is positive). Suppose that events $x_1$ are $x_2$ are in the discourse relation of Cause (i.e., $x_1$ causes $x_2$). If the seed lexicon suggests $x_2$ is positive, $x_1$ is also likely to be positive because it triggers the positive emotion. The fact that $x_2$ is known to be negative indicates the negative polarity of $x_1$. Similarly, if $x_1$ and $x_2$ are in the discourse relation of Concession (i.e., $x_2$ in spite of $x_1$), the reverse of $x_2$'s polarity can be propagated to $x_1$. Even if $x_2$'s polarity is not known in advance, we can exploit the tendency of $x_1$ and $x_2$ to be of the same polarity (for Cause) or of the reverse polarity (for Concession) although the heuristic is not exempt from counterexamples. We transform this idea into objective functions and train neural network models that predict the polarity of a given event.
[A]:
How are relations used to propagate polarity?