Answer the following question given this paragraph: 31.3 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants Atmospheric nitrogen is the largest pool of available nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. However, plants cannot use this nitrogen because they do not have the necessary enzymes. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. The most important source of BNF is the symbiotic interaction between soil bacteria and legumes. The bacteria form nodules on the legume's roots in which nitrogen fixation takes place. Fungi form symbiotic associations (mycorrhizae) with plants, becoming integrated into the physical structure of the root. Through mycorrhization, the plant obtains minerals from the soil and the fungus obtains photosynthate from the plant root. Ectomycorrhizae form an extensive dense sheath around the root, while endomycorrhizae are embedded within the root tissue. Some plantsparasites, saprophytes, symbionts, epiphytes, and insectivoreshave evolved adaptations to obtain their organic or mineral nutrition from various sources. Q: What process refers to the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia? A:
OPTIONS:
- biological nutrient fixation
- biological ammonia fixation
- biological respiratory fixation
- biological nitrogen fixation

Answer: biological nitrogen fixation

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The organisms are bacteria called Salmonella. If the word Salmonella rings a bell, that's probably because Salmonella causes human diseases such as food poisoning. Many other types of bacteria also cause human diseases. But not all bacteria are harmful to people. In fact, we could not survive without many of the trillions of bacteria that live in or on the human body. You will learn why when you read this chapter. Q: Which disease does the bacteria salmonella cause in humans? A:
OPTIONS:
- water poisioning
- blood poisoning
- skin poisoning
- food poisoning
Answer: food poisoning

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon is an element. By itself, it's a black solid. You can see a lump of carbon in Figure below . Carbon is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements. Carbon can form a wide variety of substances. For example, in the air, carbon combines with oxygen to form the gas carbon dioxide. Q: A black solid by itself, this element is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements, including oxygen? A:
OPTIONS:
- lead
- dioxide
- hydrogen
- carbon
output: carbon

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fossil fuelsincluding oil, natural gas, and coalprovide most of the energy used in the world today. Burning fossil fuels produces air pollution as well as carbon dioxide that causes global climate change. Q: Burning fossil fuels produces air pollution and what? A:

OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- liquid dioxide
- acid rain
- carbon dioxide

A: carbon dioxide

input: OPTIONS:
- trial and error
- primordial learning
- mirroring
- observational learning Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Observational learning explains how wolves know how to hunt as a group. Q: How do wolves learn to hunt as a group? A:
A:
output: observational learning

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lewis Diagrams Chemists use simple diagrams to show an atom's valence electrons and how they transfer. These diagrams have two advantages over the electron shell diagrams introduced in Chapter 2 "Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table". First, they show only valence electrons. Second, instead of having a circle around the chemical symbol to represent the electron shell, they have up to eight dots around the symbol; each dot. Q: Chemists use simple diagrams to show an atom's valence electrons and how they do what? A:
OPTIONS:
- bond
- react
- escape
- transfer
Answer:
transfer