Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 15.1 Fight or Flight? Though the threats that modern humans face are not large predators, the autonomic nervous system is adapted to this type of stimulus. The modern world presents stimuli that trigger the same response. (credit: Vernon Swanepoel). Q: The fight or flight response involves what system? Choices: - functional nervous system - cellular nervous system - voluntary nervous system - autonomic nervous system A:
autonomic nervous system
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Infrared light is light with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. You can't see infrared light, but you can feel it as heat. Besides the sun, flames and living things give off infrared light. Q: What type of light can you feel as heat but not see and has the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies? Choices: - solar light - ultraviolet light - thermal light - infrared light A:
infrared light
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Myelin The insulation for axons in the nervous system is provided by glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and by doing so creates a myelin sheath that facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. It also includes important proteins that are integral to that membrane. Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together. The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog for "pigs in a blanket" or a similar food. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 12.13a). The edges of this loose enclosure extend toward each other, and one end tucks under the other. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed. Q: What is the lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon? Choices: - axon sheath - neural sheath - receptors sheath - myelin sheath A:
myelin sheath
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most of the stars pictured in this view of the night sky are hundreds of light years from Earth. A light year is the distance that light can travel in a year, or about 6 trillion (6,000,000,000,000) miles. As this example shows, quantities in science may be very large. Many other quantities in science are very small. Both very large and very small numbers have many zeroes, so they are hard to read and write without making mistakes. That's where scientific notation comes in. Q: The distance that light can travel in a year is known as what? Choices: - earth year - beam year - solar year - light year A:
light year
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