Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Ex Input:
Approximately 3 weeks. Females lay eggs 5 to 7 days after emerging from the chrysalis. The eggs hatch after three days. Caterpillars emerge from the eggs and eat for 10 to 12 days before forming chrysalides. Adult butterflies emerge from the chrysalides in 7 to 10 days. In this post, I'm going to explain some of the most unknown facts about how long do butterflies live in captivity and in the wild. A butterfly is a flying insect that belongs to the Lepidoptera order along with the moths and butterflies. The Brimstone butterfly (Gonepterix rhamni) has the longest lifetime of the adult butterflies: 9-10 months. Some Case Moth caterpillars (Psychidae) build a case around themselves that they always carry with them. Q. How does a monarch butterfly know how to fly right away when it hatches out of its chrysalis? A. Instinct. Unlike humans, insects don't have to learn much. They are genetically programmed to do things like fly, find food, and migrate (in the case of monarchs). In some ways, this sounds like a great thing. Monarchs (Danaus plexippus) and Swallowtails may live about a month in the summer, but the Monarchs that migrate to Mexico or to the California coast may live up to six months. Some long-lived tropical butterflies live up to six months as adults. The long-life champion is a tiny yucca moth that feeds on Banana Yucca (Yucca baccata). Dr. In fact, four individual butterflies constitute the four generations that go through the said four phases in the span of one year, and then they start the process afresh starting with the first stage and first generation. 1 What Do Praying Mantis Eat | Praying Mantis Diet. 2 Peacock Butterfly Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior. 3 Pond Snail Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior. 4 Black Swallowtail Butterfly Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior. 5 Karner Blue Butterfly Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Reproduction. Also fall-hatched monarch butterflies migrate south in fall and northward in spring. Adults of these species may survive for 8-9 months or longer. Total Life Span Although larvae eat only milkweed, adult monarchs feed on the nectar of many plants including: 1 Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp. 2 Asclepias sp. milkweeds. 3 Aster sp. asters. 4 Cirsium sp. thistles. 5 Daucus carota wild carrot. 6 Dipsacus sylvestris teasel. 7 Echinacea sp. coneflowers. 8 Erigeron canadensis horseweed. The chrysalis is simply the word for the butterfly during the pupa stage. The outside of the chrysalis is the exoskeleton, or skin, of the pupa. When it becomes time for the larva (caterpillar) to become a chrysalis, the caterpillar spins a silk button from which it hangs. Query: how long does butterflies live

Ex Output:
The adult butterflies live 9-10 months.

Ex Input:
The energy imbalance will continue to grow, and surface temperatures will continue to rise. 1 References. 2 Cahalan, R. (n.d.) Solar and Earth Radiation. 3 Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Willis, J., Del Genio, A., Koch, D., Lacis, A., Lo, K., Menon, S., Novakov, T., Perlwitz, J., Russell, G., Schmidt, G.A., and Tausnev, N. (2005). In addition to the induced changes in water vapor content there are three other (direct) sources of anthropogenic water vapor: 1 1. Evaporation and transpiration losses from farming and the watering of lawns and landscapes. 2 2. Evaporation losses from canals and artificial lakes including the reservoirs behind dams. The absorption of most of the outgoing thermal radiation by water vapor creates most of Earth's natural greenhouse effect - an effect that is now being increased by human pollution. Without the atmospheric water vapor Earth's surface would be, on average, about 31C (55F) colder than it is now and the differences in temperature between high and low altitudes and between the poles and equator would be smaller. Climate change intensifies this cycle because as air temperatures increase, more water evaporates into the air. Warmer air can hold more water vapor, which can lead to more intense rainstorms, causing major problems like extreme flooding in coastal communities around the world. <<Related: A Thirst for Power: The Water Energy Nexus>> Water vapour is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, yet other greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) are often portrayed as the main drivers of climate change. If we did not have water vapor and the trace gases the earth would be much colder because the oxygen, nitrogen, and argon would not prevent the loss of infrared to space. http://en.wikiped...of_Earth Water vapor is the primary greenhouse gas in the atmosphere but it is limited in altitude (due to condensation) and variable (due to the ability to condense with drops in temperature or changes in pressure). Water vapor is another greenhouse gas that keeps heat from the sun trapped in the Earth's atmosphere and helps maintain a temperature at which life can flourish on our planet. However, deforestation also affects the amount of this in the air. Air is a mixture of gases, which includes nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor (water in its gas form). Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in air. All air contains at least some water vapor, but the amount of water vapor changes a lot from place to place and from time to time. Studies have shown that deforestation has contributed to the amount of water vapor in the air and, over just a few years, the amount of water vapor present has increased by four percent. Besides increasing the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, this also has knock-on effects for weather patterns. Water Cycle Water Vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere [] However, changes in its conentration is also considered to be a result of climate feedbacks related to the warming of the atmosphere rather than a direct result of industrialization. Query: how does water vapor affect climate

Ex Output:
Water vapor is another greenhouse gas that keeps heat from the sun trapped in the Earth's atmosphere and helps maintain a temperature at which life can flourish on our planet. However, deforestation also affects the amount of this in the air.

Ex Input:
How long should I keep tax returns? In most cases, you should plan on keeping tax returns along with any supporting documents for a period of at least three years following the date you filed or the due date of your tax return, whichever is later. If, for example, you find that you failed to claim a credit on an old return that would've given you a refund, you can amend that return using Form 1040X within three years of its original filing date, or within two years of the date you paid taxes for that return -- whichever is later. Holding on to your old tax records can also work out in your favor. Just as the IRS gets three years to re-examine old tax returns, so, too, can individual tax filers claim refunds up to three years after the fact. How Long Should I Keep My Tax Returns? Don't be too quick to toss out your old tax returns. You should hang onto those forms for a minimum of three years -- sometimes more. That said, the IRS will advise you to keep your old tax returns and records even longer in the following situations: You failed to report income for a given year, and that amount exceeds 25% of the gross income shown on your return. You filed a fraudulent return. You didn't file a return for a given tax year. That said, the IRS will advise you to keep your old tax returns and records even longer in the following situations: 1 You failed to report income for a given year, and that amount exceeds 25% of the gross income shown on your return. 2 You filed a fraudulent return. 3 You didn't file a return for a given tax year. Tax returns sent on or before the deadline. You should keep your records for at least 22 months after the end of the tax year the tax return is for. If you send your 2015 to 2016 tax return online by 31 January 2017, keep your records until at least the end of January 2018. It's natural to want to clear out your filing cabinets and free up more space, but when it comes to tax returns, you shouldn't be too quick to toss out old information. The IRS gets three years from each year's tax filing deadline to audit and reassess old returns. Editor's Note: If your tax return is still buried under a pile of papers next to your computer, it's probably time to do a little organizing. To help get you set we asked Anna Sandall of the Tax Institute the best practices involved in keeping tax records including how long you should hold onto those past returns. So for example, if you filed your 2015 tax return on February 1, 2016, you should have kept the return and supporting documents until at least April 15, 2017. What tax records should I keep? You should keep every tax return and supporting forms. This includes W-2s, 1099s, expense tracking, mileage logs if you itemize and other documents. So why is keeping tax returns for three years important? Keeping tax returns for the three-year time period is tied to the IRS statute of limitations. Query: how long do i keep my tax return?

Ex Output:
In most cases, you should plan on keeping tax returns along with any supporting documents for a period of at least three years following the date you filed or the due date of your tax return.