In 1682, William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants. It became a prime destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration and surpassed two million occupants by 1950.

Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, consolidation in several American industries (retailing, financial services and health care in particular) reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia. The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government. Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes, coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city. The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s. Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.

1. what is this article about?
2. who founded the city?
3. when?
4. why?
5. when was the declaration of independence signed
6. when was the constitiution signed?
7. who signed the?
8. what city was under construction when Philadelphia was capital temporarily?
9. when did the city approach bankruptcy?
10. when did revitalization start?
11. what changed the neighborhoods?

Provide a numbered list of answers.
1. Philadelphia
2. William Penn
3. 1682
4. serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony.
5. 1776
6. 1787
7. unknown
8. Washington, D.C
9. 1980s
10. 1990s
11. gentrification