In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
--------
Question: The development of high-throughput molecular technologies and associated bioinformatics has dramatically changed the capacities of scientists to produce, handle, and analyze large amounts of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. A clear example of this step-change is represented by the amount of DNA sequence data that can be now produced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Similarly, recent improvements in protein and peptide separation effi ciencies and highly accurate mass spectrometry have promoted the identifi cation and quantifi cation of proteins in a given sample. These advancements in biotechnology have increasingly been applied to the study of animal infectious diseases and are beginning to revolutionize the way that biological and evolutionary processes can be studied at the molecular level. Studies have demonstrated the value of NGS technologies for molecular characterization, ranging from metagenomic characterization of unknown pathogens or microbial communities to molecular epidemiology and evolution of viral quasispecies. Moreover, high-throughput technologies now allow detailed studies of hostpathogen interactions at the level of their genomes (genomics), transcriptomes (transcriptomics), or proteomes (proteomics). Ultimately, the interaction between pathogen and host biological networks can be questioned by analytically integrating these levels (integrative OMICS and systems biology). The application of high-throughput biotechnology platforms in these fi elds and their typical low-cost per information content has revolutionized the resolution with which these processes can now be studied. The aim of this chapter is to provide a current and prospective view on the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of massive parallel sequencing technologies to veterinary medicine, with particular focus on applications that have a potential impact on disease control and management.

Answer: Chapter 30 Next-Generation Sequencing in Veterinary Medicine: How Can the Massive Amount of Information Arising from High- Throughput Technologies Improve Diagnosis, Control, and Management of Infectious Diseases?

Question: Foot-and-mouth disease GIS OpenFOAM Livestock infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), cause substantial economic damage to livestock farms and their related industries. Among various causes of disease spread, airborne dispersion has previously been considered to be an important factor that could not be controlled by preventive measures to stop the spread of disease that focus on direct and indirect contact. Forecasting and predicting airborne virus spread are important to make time for developing strategies and to minimise the damage of the disease. To predict the airborne spread of the disease a modelling approach is important since field experiments using sensors are ineffective because of the rarefied concentrations of virus in the air. The simulation of airborne spread during past outbreaks required improvement both for farmers and for policy decision makers. In this study a free license computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code was used to simulate airborne virus spread. Forecasting data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) was directly connected in the developed model for real-time forecasting for 48 h in three-hourly intervals. To reduce computation time, scalar transport for airborne virus spread was simulated based on a database for the CFD computed airflow in the investigated area using representative wind conditions. The simulation results, and the weather data were then used to make a database for a web-based forecasting system that could be accessible to users. ScienceDirect jo urnal homepage: www .e lsev ie r.com/ locate/issn/153 75110 b i o s y s t e m s e n g i n e e r i n g 1 2 9 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1 6 9 e1 8 4 http://dx.

Answer: Web-based forecasting system for the airborne spread of livestock infectious disease using computational fluid dynamics

Question: A virus was isolated from 2 day-old mice inoculated with homogenates of either the lungs or blood of 2 different shearwaters affected by puffinosis. Examination of infected suckling mouse brain and infected NCTC-1469 (mouse liver) cell cultures, by electron microscopy, revealed virus particles and inclusion bodies characteristic of a coronavirus. Neutralization, complement fixation and fluorescent antibody tests showed that the virus was related to mouse hepatitis virus. The virus was not isolated from 445 control, uninfected mice. Neutralising antibodies were not detected in 39 sera from diseased shearwaters and 2 sera from apparently healthy birds. Two shearwaters inoculated with the virus did not develop clinical signs of infection. The question of whether the virus was isolated from shearwaters or from laboratory mice is discussed. 1 Arch. Virol. 73/1 0304-8608/82/0073/0001 / $ 02.60 2 P.A. NUTTALJ5 and K. A. HAI~RAP: detailed investigation is possible owing to the regularity of puffinosis epizootics, and the accessibility of affected birds. This paper reports the isolation of a coronavirus during our attempts to determine wha causes puffinosis. Cell Culture NCTC elorJe 1469 (mouse liver) cells were obtained from Flow Laboratories (Irvine, Scotland) and grown in NCTC 135 medium. Primary mouse maerophage cultures were established by inoculating freshly killed mice intra-peritoneMly with 2 to 3 ml of MEM-Alpha medium (Gibco Bio-eult Ltd., Paisley, Scotland), pummeling the body cavity, and then withdrawing the medium. The ceils, suspended in the medium, were incubated in 25 em ~ flasks. Continuous cell lines of mouse maerophages (P 388D1) and pig kidney PS clone D, were kindly supplied by Dr. J. S. Porterfield (Sir ~Vflliam Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford) and grown as described (13, 16 respectively). Xenopus laevis and Aedes albopictus cell cultures were obtained from M. Pudney (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) and have been maintained in this laboratory for several years. Xenopus cell cultures were grown in Leibovitz's medium L-15 supplemented with 10 per cent tryptose phosphate broth, and Aedes cells in Mitsuhashi and Maramorosch medium. BtIK cell cultures were grown in Eagle's medium (Glasgow modification) supplemented with 10 per cent tryptose phosphate broth, Vero and primary chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) in Eagle's MEM. All cell cultures were grown at 37 C except Xenopus and Aedes which were grown at 28 C, and all media were supplemented with 10 per cent heat-inactivated foetal calf serum (FCS). NCTC growth medium was supplemented with either 10 per cent FCS or 10 per cent horse serum.

Answer:
Archives of Virology Isolation of a Eoronavirus Durin9 Studies on Puffinosis, a Disease of the Manx Shearwater (Pu//inus pu/[inus)