Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
In physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. The "ability of a system to perform work" is a common description, but it is difficult to give one single comprehensive definition of energy because of its many forms. For instance, in SI units, energy is measured in joules, and one joule is defined "mechanically", being the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton.[note 1] However, there are many other definitions of energy, depending on the context, such as thermal energy, radiant energy, electromagnetic, nuclear, etc., where definitions are derived that are the most convenient.

Common energy forms include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns, the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature. All of the many forms of energy are convertible to other kinds of energy. In Newtonian physics, there is a universal law of conservation of energy which says that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed; however, it can change from one form to another.
1. What is a common definition of energy?
2. How is it defined in physics?
3. Are there many forms of energy?
4. what are some kinds of energy?
5. What are some comon kinds of energy?
6. can one form be transformed into another?
7. Can it be made?
8. can it be destroyed?
9. are there different ways of measuring it?
10. what is one way?
11. what is a joule?
12. Is there a single way of defining it?
13. How are different meanings contrived?
14. what is radiant energy?
15. What is potential energy?
16. Are there more than one kind of force field?
17. how many?
18. what are they?
19. what comes from burning?
20. What kind of energy comes from a thing's temperature?

Numbered answers:
1. the ability of a system to do work
2. a property of objects which can be transferred or converted
3. yes
4. thermal, radiant, nuclear, electromagnetic
5. kinetic, potential, elastic, chemical, therma;, radiant
6. yes
7. no
8. no
9. yes
10. in joules
11. a measure of energy transfer
12. no
13. it depends on the context
14. energy in light
15. the energy stored by an object in a force field
16. yes
17. three
18. gravitational, electric, magnetic
19. chemical energy
20. thermal

Question:
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Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.

This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.
1. Who did business people in London bring a petition to?
2. Did the petition involve an ocean?
3. Which one?
4. Did the petition involved sailing?
5. Was the petition approved?
6. How many ships set sail from Torbay?
7. In what year?
8. In what month?
9. On what day of the month?
10. When was the English Armada defeated?
11. Did the ships from Torbay travel around something?
12. What?
13. To where?
14. Who took a trip around Cape Comorin?
15. And what was his next stop?
16. Did he then go back to England?
17. In what year?
18. What year was a Royal Charter given?
19. Who granted it?
20. Who was in charge of the first trip of East India Company?

Numbered answers:
1. Queen Elizabeth I
2. yes
3. the Indian Ocean
4. yes
5. yes
6. three
7. 1591
8. April
9. the tenth
10. 1589
11. yes
12. the Cape of Good Hope
13. the Arabian Sea
14. Edward Bonventure
15. the Malay Peninsula
16. yes
17. 1594
18. 1600
19. the Queen
20. Sir James Lancaster

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
(CNN) -- As a young freedom fighter, Nelson Mandela stepped out of a farmhouse hideout in South Africa, took 20 strides and dug a hole on the sprawling land.

He leaned over, put in a semiautomatic pistol and 200 rounds of ammunition, and carefully put a khaki uniform over them.

After covering them with heaps of soil, he sauntered back into his rural hideout in northern Johannesburg -- hoping to retrieve them soon.

He never got a chance to fire a shot with the Makarov pistol. A few weeks after he buried it at the farm in Rivonia, he was hurled into prison for the next 27 years.

That was in 1962, and the whereabouts of the gun -- now estimated at $3 million -- remain a mystery, said Nicholas Wolpe, the chief executive of Liliesleaf Farm, the former hideout now converted into a museum.

A scramble to find the gun has sparked a frenzy among collectors, historians and Mandela fans.

'It's interesting how we came to find out about the gun," Wolpe said. "Mandela visited Liliesleaf in 2003, and as we were walking around, he turned to me and asked, 'By the way, did you find my gun?"

Wolpe said he was stunned.

"I turned to him and said, 'Gun, what gun?' "

Mandela then asked him to pinpoint where the main kitchen once stood.

"He then made a 45-degree angle and said, '20 paces from here, I buried a gun,' " Wolpe said.

During the visit, the two tried to retrace his steps using the paces as a guide, but the farm had undergone some changes, making it hard to determine the original location of the kitchen with certainty.
1. Who buried a pistol?
2. Was he planning to come back for it?
3. When?
4. How much ammunition did he put in the ground?
5. Did he put anything else in the hole?
6. What?
7. What country was his hideout in?
8. What town?
9. What kind of fighter was he?
10. Did he make it back for his stuff?
11. Why?
12. What year was his arrest?
13. How long was he in prison?
14. Where is the pistol now?
15. How much might it be worth?
16. When did Mandela ask about his gun?
17. What was he doing when he asked?
18. What's that?
19. What was is before?
20. Could they figure out where he buried it?
Numbered answers:
1. Nelson Mandela
2. yes
3. soon
4. 200 rounds
5. yes
6. a uniform
7. South Africa
8. Johannesburg
9. freedom
10. no
11. he was sent to prison
12. 1962
13. 27 years
14. that's a mystery
15. $3 million
16. 2003
17. visiting Liliesleaf
18. a museum
19. the hideout
20. no