Ques:Q: The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of what or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Summary 12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of a reactant or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time. Relations between different rate expressions for a given reaction are derived directly from the stoichiometric coefficients of the equation representing the reaction. 12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by several parameters. Reactions involving two phases proceed more rapidly when there is greater surface area contact. If temperature or reactant concentration is increased, the rate of a given reaction generally increases as well. A catalyst can increase the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway that causes the activation energy of the reaction to decrease. 12.3 Rate Laws Rate laws provide a mathematical description of how changes in the amount of a substance affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Rate laws are determined experimentally and cannot be predicted by reaction stoichiometry. The order of reaction describes how much a change in the amount of each substance affects the overall rate, and the overall order of a reaction is the sum of the orders for each substance present in the reaction. Reaction orders are typically first order, second order, or zero order, but fractional and even negative orders are possible. 12.4 Integrated Rate Laws Differential rate laws can be determined by the method of initial rates or other methods. We measure values for the initial rates of a reaction at different concentrations of the reactants. From these measurements, we determine the order of the reaction in each reactant. Integrated rate laws are determined by integration of the corresponding differential. Choices: - plasma - sulfate - isotope - reactant A:

Ans:reactant
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Ques:Q: What do we call the orderly sequence of events in the life of a cell from the division of a single parent cell to produce two new daughter cells, to the subsequent division of those daughter cells? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: 6.1 | The Genome By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome Distinguish between chromosomes, genes, and traits The continuity of life from one cell to another has its foundation in the reproduction of cells by way of the cell cycle. The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events in the life of a cell from the division of a single parent cell to produce two new daughter cells, to the subsequent division of those daughter cells. The mechanisms involved in the cell cycle are highly conserved across eukaryotes. Organisms as diverse as protists, plants, and animals employ similar steps. Choices: - cell death - cell replication - circadian cycle - cell cycle A:

Ans:cell cycle
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Ques:Q: What are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties called? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties. Choices: - atoms - compounds - molecules - elements A:

Ans:elements
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Ques:Q: What prevents solutes that have accumulated in the xylem from leaking back into the soil solution? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Choices: - the exoskeleton - the exodermis - the altostratus - the endodermis A:

Ans:
the endodermis
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