Answer the following question given this paragraph: because of interactions between the electrons of the outermost shell of different atoms, called the valence shell electrons. Electrons in inner shells are called core electrons. Elements are grouped together by similar chemical properties into a chart called the periodic table. Vertical columns of elements are called groups or families. Some of the groups of elements have names, like the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the halogens, and the noble gases. A horizontal row of elements is called a period. Periods and groups have differing numbers of elements in them. The periodic table separates elements into metals, nonmetals, andsemimetals. The periodic table is also separated into main group elements,transition metals, lanthanide elements, and actinide elements. The lanthanide and actinide elements are also referred to as inner transition metal elements. The shape of the periodic table reflects the sequential filling of shells and subshells in atoms. The periodic table helps us understand trends in some of the properties of atoms. One such property is the atomic radius of atoms. From top to bottom of the periodic table, atoms get bigger because electrons are occupying larger and bigger shells. From left to right across the periodic table, electrons are filling the same shell but are being attracted by an increasing positive charge from the nucleus, and thus the atoms get smaller. Q: Electrons in inner shells are called what? Choices: - inner electrons - surface electrons - valence electrons - core electrons A:
core electrons
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The basic unit of matter is an atom . At the center of an atom is its nucleus . Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Also in the nucleus are neutrons with no electrical charge. Orbiting the nucleus are tiny electrons. Electrons are negatively charged. An atom with the same number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral. If the atom has more or less electrons to protons it is called an ion . An ion will have positive charge if it has more protons than electrons. It will have negative charge if it has more electrons than protons. Q: What is the basic unit of matter? Choices: - neutrons - calories - ions - atoms A:
atoms
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Underground water can be heated by magma. The hot water moves through cracks below Earth's surface. Hot water can hold more dissolved particles than cold water. The hot, salty solution has chemical reactions with the rocks around it. The water picks up more dissolved particles. As it flows through open spaces in rocks, the water deposits solid minerals. When a mineral fills cracks in rocks, the deposits are called "veins. " Figure below shows a white quartz vein. When the minerals are deposited in open spaces, large crystals grow. These rocks are called geodes. Figure below shows a "geode" that was formed when amethyst crystals grew in an open space in a rock. Q: What are the mineral deposits that fill in underground cracks called? Choices: - cores - currents - motherlode - veins A:
A: veins
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 22 1 Figure 22.8 The extracellular matrix and outer layer of cells protects the inner bacteria. The close proximity of cells also facilitates lateral gene transfer, a process by which genes such as antibiotic resistance genes are transferred from one bacterium to another. And even if lateral gene transfer does not occur, one bacterium that produces an exo-enzyme that destroys antibiotic may save neighboring bacteria. 3 Figure 22.19 D 4 A 6 A 8 B 10 B 12 A 14 B 16 C 18 B 20 D 22 D 24 B 25 As the organisms are non-culturable, the presence could be detected through molecular techniques, such as PCR. 27 Responses will vary. A possible answer is: Bacteria contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall; archaea do not. The cell membrane in bacteria is a lipid bilayer; in archaea, it can be a lipid bilayer or a monolayer. Bacteria contain fatty acids on the cell membrane, whereas archaea contain phytanyl. 29 Responses will vary. In a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, there is no light, so prokaryotes would be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs. The source of carbon would be carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean, so they would be autotrophs. There is not a lot of organic material in the ocean, so prokaryotes would probably use inorganic sources, thus they would be chemolitotrophs. The temperatures are very high in the hydrothermal vent, so the prokaryotes would be thermophilic. 31 E. coli colonizes the surface of the leaf, forming a biofilm that is more difficult to remove than free (planktonic) cells. Additionally, bacteria can be taken up in the water that plants are grown in, thereby entering the plant tissues rather than simply residing on the leaf surface. Q: Why would prokaryotes be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent? Choices: - too cold - too much light - too much heat - lack of light A:
Answer: lack of light
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: About 75% of the tar sands in the world are in Venezuela and Alberta, Canada ( Figure below ). Large areas of land are degraded when tar sands are mined. A tremendous amount of waste rock is produced from mining tar sands. Q: Where are about 75% of the tar sands in the world located? Choices: - china and onatrio, canada - alberta, canada and peru - venezuela and onatrio,canada - venezuela and alberta, canada A:
**Answer**
venezuela and alberta, canada
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Scientific investigations generally follow a process called the scientific method. Steps of the scientific method include making observations, asking a question, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, drawing a conclusion, and communicating the results. Q: What are made in the first step of the scientific method? Choices: - patterns - hypothesis - conclusions - observations A:
(A).
observations