instruction:
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a
. You have to answer the question based on the context.
question:
We used state-of-the-art features that have shown to be useful in ID: some of them are language-independent (e.g., punctuation marks, positive and negative emoticons, quotations, personal pronouns, tweet's length, named entities) while others are language-dependent relying on dedicated lexicons (e.g., negation, opinion lexicons, opposition words).
Question: What text-based features are used?
answer:
language-independent (e.g., punctuation marks, positive and negative emoticons, quotations, personal pronouns, tweet's length, named entities) language-dependent relying on dedicated lexicons (e.g., negation, opinion lexicons, opposition words)

question:
A "coding scheme" is defined, which is a set of labels, annotations, or codes that items in the corpus may have. Schemes include formal definitions or procedures, and often include examples, particularly for borderline cases. Next, coders are trained with the coding scheme, which typically involves interactive feedback. Training sometimes results in changes to the coding scheme, in which the first round becomes a pilot test. Then, annotators independently review at least a portion of the same items throughout the entire process, with a calculation of "inter-annotator agreement" or "inter-rater reliability." Finally, there is a process of "reconciliation" for disagreements, which is sometimes by majority vote without discussion and other times discussion-based.
Question: What are the core best practices of structured content analysis?
answer:
"coding scheme" is defined coders are trained with the coding scheme Training sometimes results in changes to the coding scheme calculation of "inter-annotator agreement" or "inter-rater reliability." there is a process of "reconciliation" for disagreements

question:
We use the dropout technique of Gal & Ghahramani gal as a baseline because it is the most similar dropout technique to our approach and denote it VBD (variational binary dropout).
Question: What is binary variational dropout?
answer:
the dropout technique of Gal & Ghahramani gal