Information: - In cryptography, KHAZAD is a block cipher designed by Paulo S. L. M. Barreto together with Vincent Rijmen, one of the designers of the Advanced Encryption Standard (Rijndael). KHAZAD is named after Khazad-dum, the fictional dwarven realm in the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien (see also Khazad). KHAZAD was presented at the first NESSIE workshop in 2000, and, after some small changes, was selected as a finalist in the project. - Vincent Rijmen (born 16 October 1970) is a Belgian cryptographer and one of the two designers of the Rijndael, the Advanced Encryption Standard. Rijmen is also the co-designer of the WHIRLPOOL cryptographic hash function, and the block ciphers Anubis, KHAZAD, Square, NOEKEON and SHARK. - A cryptographic hash function is a special class of hash function that has certain properties which make it suitable for use in cryptography. It is a mathematical algorithm that maps data of arbitrary size to a bit string of a fixed size (a hash function) which is designed to also be a one-way function, that is, a function which is infeasible to invert. The only way to recreate the input data from an ideal cryptographic hash function's output is to attempt a brute-force search of possible inputs to see if they produce a match. Bruce Schneier has called one-way hash functions "the workhorses of modern cryptography". The input data is often called the "message", and the output (the "hash value" or "hash") is often called the "message digest" or simply the "digest". - NOEKEON is a family of two block ciphers designed by Joan Daemen, Michael Peeters, Gilles Van Assche and Vincent Rijmen and submitted to the NESSIE project in September 2000. The two ciphers are "direct mode" NOEKEON, to be used for maximum efficiency where related-key attacks are not possible, and "indirect mode" NOEKEON where they are. - The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. - ECRYPT (European Network of Excellence in Cryptology) was a 4-year European research initiative launched on 1 February 2004 with the stated objective of promoting the collaboration of European researchers in information security, and especially in cryptology and digital watermarking. - The Computer Security and Industrial Cryptography research group , commonly called COSIC , is a research group at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , which is headed by Professor Bart Preneel , Vincent Rijmen , and Professor Ingrid Verbauwhede . The goal of COSIC 's research activities is to create a secure electronic equivalent for interactions in the physical world such as confidentiality , signatures , identification , anonymity , payment and elections . The research concentrates on the design , evaluation , and implementation of cryptographic algorithms and protocols , on the development of security architectures for information and communication systems and on the development of security mechanisms for embedded systems . COSIC 's theoretical work is mainly based on discrete mathematics such as number theory , finite fields , Boolean algebra , but also includes statistics and optimization . The aim is to achieve efficient and secure solutions . The broader goal is to achieve efficient and secure multi-party computation . These mathematical tools are applied to increase our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of cryptographic algorithms and to develop new and better algorithms such as block ciphers , stream ciphers , public - key encryption algorithms and zero - knowledge identification protocols . One of the well - known successes is the selection of Rijndael as the Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) . Currently AES is used by millions of users in more than thousand products , such as the protection of US government information . COSIC is also coordinating ECRYPT , a European - wide Network of Excellence in the area of cryptology and watermarking . - The International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) is a non-profit scientific organization whose purpose is to further research in cryptology and related fields. The IACR was organised at the initiative of David Chaum at the CRYPTO '82 conference. - In cryptography, SHARK is a block cipher identified as one of the predecessors of Rijndael (the Advanced Encryption Standard). - Bart Preneel (born October 15, 1963) is a Flemish cryptographer and cryptanalyst. He is a professor at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in the COSIC group. He was the president of the International Association for Cryptologic Research in 2008-2013 and project manager of ECRYPT. - A whirlpool is a body of swirling water produced by the meeting of opposing currents. The vast majority of whirlpools are not very powerful and very small whirlpools can easily be seen when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones in seas or oceans may be termed maelstroms. "Vortex" is the proper term for any whirlpool that has a downdraft. Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'instance of' with the subject 'cosic'. Choices: - algorithm - association - block cipher - computer - computer security - cryptographic hash function - cryptography - data - engineering - family - february - group - information - key - meeting - mode - name - network - october - organization - profit - project - realm - research - security - september - standard - string - two - water - year
Answer:
organization