Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The yellow subunits are identical in structure, as are the gray subunits. A smaller organic structure called a porphyrin ring is attached to each protein subunit and contains the iron ion used to bind oxygen. Q: The iron ion used to bind oxygen is on what type of "ring"? A:

OPTIONS:
- DNA ring
- petrarchan ring
- reagent ring
- porphyrin ring

A: porphyrin ring

input: OPTIONS:
- cellular
- microtubule
- polymer
- macromolecule Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon's affinity for covalent bonding means that many distinct and relatively stable organic molecules nevertheless readily form larger, more complex molecules. Any large molecule is referred to as macromolecule (macro- = "large"), and the organic compounds in this section all fit this description. However, some macromolecules are made up of several "copies" of single units called monomer (mono- = "one"; -mer = "part"). Like beads in a long necklace, these monomers link by covalent bonds to form long polymers (poly- = "many"). There are many examples of monomers and polymers among the organic compounds. Monomers form polymers by engaging in dehydration synthesis (see Figure 2.14). As was noted earlier, this reaction results in the release of a molecule of water. Each monomer contributes: One gives up a hydrogen atom and the other gives up a hydroxyl group. Polymers are split into monomers by hydrolysis (-lysis = "rupture"). The bonds between their monomers are broken, via the donation of a molecule of water, which contributes a hydrogen atom to one monomer and a hydroxyl group to the other. Q: Any large molecule is referred to as what? A:
A:
output: macromolecule

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phil Roeder. Anaerobic respiration occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate . CC-BY 2.0. Q: What occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate? A:

OPTIONS:
- aerobic respiration
- malolactic respiration
- hyperventilation
- anaerobic respiration

Answer: anaerobic respiration

Problem: OPTIONS:
- constructs pressure gradient
- limited pressure gradient
- magnesium pressure gradient
- hydrostatic pressure gradient
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Another mechanism besides diffusion to passively transport materials between compartments is filtration. Unlike diffusion of a substance from where it is more concentrated to less concentrated, filtration uses a hydrostatic pressure gradient that pushes the fluidand the solutes within itfrom a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area. Filtration is an extremely important process in the body. For example, the circulatory system uses filtration to move plasma and substances across the. Q: What is used during filtration to push fluids and solutes, from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas? A:
Answer: hydrostatic pressure gradient

Problem:OPTIONS:
- nasal bone
- mandibular bone
- mastoid process
- maxillary bone

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Maxillary Bone The maxillary bone, often referred to simply as the maxilla (plural = maxillae), is one of a pair that together form the upper jaw, much of the hard palate, the medial floor of the orbit, and the lateral base of the nose (see Figure 7.4). The curved, inferior margin of the maxillary bone that forms the upper jaw and contains the upper teeth is the alveolar process of the maxilla (Figure 7.14). Each tooth is anchored into a deep socket called an alveolus. On the anterior maxilla, just below the orbit, is the infraorbital foramen. This is the point of exit for a sensory nerve that supplies the nose, upper lip, and anterior cheek. On the inferior skull, the palatine process from each maxillary bone can be seen joining together at the midline to form the anterior three-quarters of the hard palate (see Figure 7.8a). The hard palate is the bony plate that forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity, separating the oral and nasal cavities. Q: What bone is is one of a pair that together form the upper jaw, much of the hard palate, the medial floor of the orbit, and the lateral base of the nose? A:
****
A: maxillary bone

Problem:OPTIONS:
- phosphate
- glucose
- oxygen
- chloride

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 39.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits that surround an iron-containing heme group. Oxygen readily binds this heme group. The ability of oxygen to bind increases as more oxygen molecules are bound to heme. Disease states and altered conditions in the body can affect the binding ability of oxygen, and increase or decrease its ability to dissociate from hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into + + carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) and H . The H ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift. Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs. Q: In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for what? A:
****
A:
chloride