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Spread two square bales of hay per surface acre every two weeks throughout the spring and supper. Do not apply more than four times per year. Cured hay can be used to remove clay turbidity. For best results, use alfalfa, red clover, bermuda, or other legume hay. Pull apart the bales of hay and evenly scatter the pieces in the shallow water around the edge of the pond. As the hay decomposes, it produces organic acids and positive ions that can neutralize the negative clay ions. Hay stimulates helpful bacteria growth. Do not apply the hay too often, however, since it can deplete the oxygen in the water and kill some of the fish living there. For that reason, it is also best to use hay in ponds that have low levels of natural organic materials. Apply 500 lb (225 kg) per acre foot of water. If this initial dose does not clear the water within four weeks, apply a second dose of 125 lb (56.25 kg) per acre foot. Gypsum is also used to clear clay turbidity. It attracts clay particles, binding them and preventing them from settling. Use a small shovel to evenly spread the gypsum over the pond. Gypsum is chemically known as calcium sulfate. As a calcium compound, this treatment is generally not effective if you have hard water, which already contains large amounts of calcium. Grazing livestock can easily cause turbidity, but you can solve the problem by building a fence around the pond to keep the animals out. When livestock approaches the pond, debris from the shoreline can get into the water and cause cloudiness. If you need the livestock to be able to drink to water, you should siphon the water into a separate tank. You could also fence off all but a small corner of the pond, which should limit the access and debris getting stirred to one spot while still allowing the animals access to the water source. Bottom feeding aquatic animals and marine life that burrows into the sediment can stir debris and cause excessively cloudy water when left unchecked. Possible sources of trouble include crayfish, aquatic insects, common carp, an bullhead catfish. You can control crayfish and insects by introducing predator species to the water. Some options include the largemouth bass and channel catfish. Large numbers of catfish or other bottom feeding fish can be controlled by fishing some out with dough balls or other baits. You can also control populations of catfish by introducing competing fish species, like largemouth bass and bluegill. Wind, waves, soil erosion, and watershed sources can all cause debris run-off in your pond, and that run-off will create turbid water. To minimize watershed run-off, keep a vegetated ground cover around the perimeter of the pond, extending at least 100 feet (30.5 m) around. Sod grass is usually a good choice. Reduce wind run-off by spreading crushed rock along the shorelines receiving the largest, strongest gusts of wind. You can also plant trees or shrubs around the pond to block the wind, concentrating on the upwind side of the pond. Plant aquatic vegetation on the downwind side to reduce wave erosion. Never plant trees on a dam, however, since the roots can damage the structure. If there is a stream leading into the pond, install sediment traps further upstream to catch additional run-off.

summary: Add cured hay. Use gypsum. Keep livestock animals out. Balance the pond ecosystem. Protect the pond from run-off.

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It's important to express your feelings as personally as possible so that your partner can get the closure that he or she needs. Avoid breaking with a text message or using online messaging. These forms of communication are much less personal than a phone call or a video chat, and your partner may not be able to get the closure that he or she needs. If you've been with someone for a long time, it may seem callous and anti-climactic to break up over text. Avoid posting the breakup publicly on social media like Twitter or Facebook. This may come across as passive-aggressive, and your partner may retaliate publicly. Set a time and a medium for the conversation. This will prepare him or her for a serious conversation, and it will give you impetus to actually go through with the break-up. For example, send a message: "Are you around for a phone call this evening at eight? There's something that I need to talk to you about." If you have a regularly-scheduled "Skype date" or evening phone call, consider breaking the news during this time. "We need to talk" is near-universal code for "There's something wrong with this relationship." If you prime your partner with these words before the break-up conversation, he or she may go into the call with an inkling of what is to come. If you have been having trouble in your relationship for a while, he or she may even expect it. Get it over with. Say, "I hate to do this over the phone, but I need to say what I feel. This relationship isn't working for me, and I want to break up." Lay out your reasons for ending the relationship. Be gentle and kind, but do not compromise. Speak honestly and speak from the heart. For example: "I can't handle the distance any more. It's eating me up and splitting me apart inside. You're a wonderful person, and I hope that you find someone who can give you what you need--but I can't be that person." For example: "I don't see us winding up in the same city within the near future, and I don't want to keep pouring time and energy into something that isn't going anywhere." This is especially important when you aren't breaking up in person. Do not make the break-up sound like a deal or a suggestion. Be sure of your resolve and be clear in your intentions. Try to keep your explanation short and simple. The longer you linger, and the more you say, the more complicated the break-up may become. Words can tangle. Try to avoid an argument. Don't accuse your partner of anything, and don't lay blame. Explain that the break-up is about you and your inability to stay emotionally invested in this relationship. Be patient and empathetic. Let your partner speak his or her side of the story, and listen. Stay on the line for as long as it takes to help your now-ex along the path to closure. Be aware that he or she may not find peace immediately, depending on how emotionally invested he or she is in the relationship. When there is nothing more to say: hang up. It's over. Consider mailing a box of things, or giving the items to a mutual friend to deliver. Tell your partner how you plan to return their things, and be sure to follow through. This is a kind gesture, and it may give your partner some peace of mind to know that they'll be getting their possessions back. Get this over with as soon as possible. This will help you both move on from the break-up. If you procrastinate, you will only feel worse about returning the things later on.

summary: Consider breaking up with a phone call or a video chat, if you can't break up in person. Tell your partner that you need to talk. Make the call and initiate the conversation. Be firm. Give your partner closure. Return any of your partner's possessions that you're holding.

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Text: To select text, tap in the text and drag a control point over the text you to copy, want until the text you want to copy and paste is highlighted, then release the click. You can also tap and release a single word to select it automatically. Pictures: Long tap the picture until a menu appears. The text or image will be copied to the Clipboard (temporary storage) on your device. If it's in a different app from the one in which you're copying, open the other app. The text or image will be inserted into the document or field at the place where you put the cursor.
summary: Select what you want to copy: Tap Copy. Long tap on a document or field where you want to insert the text or image. Tap Paste.