Context and question: The Duchy administers bona vacantia within the County Palatine, receiving the property of persons who die intestate and where the legal ownership cannot be ascertained. There is no separate Duke of Lancaster, the title merged into the Crown many centuries ago but the Duchy is administered by the Queen in Right of the Duchy of Lancaster. A separate court system for the county palatine was abolished by Courts Act 1971. A particular form of The Loyal Toast, 'The Queen, Duke of Lancaster' is in regular use in the county palatine. Lancaster serves as the county town of the county palatine.
When was the Loyal Toast first used?
Answer: unanswerable
Context and question: The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a body cavity, as are their closest relatives, the microscopic Gastrotricha. The other platyzoan phyla are mostly microscopic and pseudocoelomate. The most prominent are the Rotifera or rotifers, which are common in aqueous environments. They also include the Acanthocephala or spiny-headed worms, the Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and possibly the Cycliophora. These groups share the presence of complex jaws, from which they are called the Gnathifera.
What does acoelomates mean?
Answer: lacking a body cavity
Context and question: The Mimamsa school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyaksa (perception), anumana (inference), upamana (comparison and analogy), arthapatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and sabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumarila Bhatta sub-school of Mimamsa added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).
What is comparison and analogy in the Prabhakara school?
Answer:
upamana