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In the early 1980s complaints about violence and gore in films such as Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and Gremlins, both of which received PG ratings, refocused attention on films seen by small children and pre-teens. According to author Filipa Antunes, this revealed the conundrum of a film which "could not be recommended for all children but also could not be repudiated for all children uniformly," leading to speculation that the rating system's scope, in particular its PG classification, "no longer matched a notion of childhood most parents in America could agree on." Steven Spielberg, director of Temple of Doom and executive producer of Gremlins, suggested a new intermediate rating between "PG" and "R". The "PG-13" rating was introduced in July 1984, with the advisory "Parents Are Strongly Cautioned to Give Special Guidance for Attendance of Children Under 13 -- Some Material May Be Inappropriate for Young Children". The first film to be released with this rating was the 1984 John Milius war film Red Dawn. In 1985, the wording was simplified to "Parents Strongly Cautioned -- Some Material May Be Inappropriate for Children Under 13". Around the same time, the MPAA won a trademark infringement lawsuit against the producers and distributors of I Spit on Your Grave over a fraudulent application of its R rating to the uncut version of the film, and forced its member studios and several other home video distributors to put MPAA ratings on the packaging of MPAA-rated films via a settlement that would come into effect by fall that year.

Based on this passage, what 1984 film had the first pg-13 rating?

Stream of random thoughts: The relevant information to answer the above question is: The first film to be released with this rating was the 1984 John Milius war film Red Dawn.... The answer is the 1984 John Milius war film Red Dawn.
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Rebecca Lee Crumpler, nee Davis, (February 8, 1831 -- March 9, 1895) was an African American physician and author. Becoming a Doctor of Medicine in 1864 after studying at New England Female Medical College, she was the first African-American woman to become a physician in the United States. Rebecca graduated medical college and published her book at a time in history when very few African Americans were allowed to attend medical college or publish books. Crumpler first practiced medicine in Boston, primarily for poor women and children. After the American Civil War ended in 1865, she moved to Richmond, Virginia, believing it to be "a proper field for real missionary work" and to continue her focus on diseases of women and children. Crumpler worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to provide medical care to freed slaves; She was subject to "intense racism" and sexism while practicing medicine. She later moved back to Boston and "entered into the work with renewed vigor, practicing outside, and receiving children in (her) house for treatment; regardless, in a measure, of remuneration." In 1883, she published A Book of Medical Discourses. Dedicated to nurses and mothers, it focused on the medical care of women and children and was one of the first publications written by an African American about medicine.In addition to being the only female physician author in the 19th century.name = "NLM Biography" / >

Based on this passage, who was the first female african american doctor?

Stream of random thoughts: The relevant information to answer the above question is: Becoming a Doctor of Medicine in 1864 after studying at New England Female Medical College, she was the first African-American woman to become a physician in the United States.... The answer is Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
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Passage: As acoustic sensors in mammals, stereocilia are lined up in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear. In hearing, stereocilia transform the mechanical energy of sound waves into electrical signals for the hair cells, which ultimately leads to an excitation of the auditory nerve. Stereocilia are composed of cytoplasm with embedded bundles of cross-linked actin filaments. The actin filaments anchor to the terminal web and the top of the cell membrane and are arranged in grade of height. As sound waves propagate in the cochlea, the movement of endolymph fluid bends the stereocilia. If the direction of movement is towards the taller stereocilia, tension develops in the tip links, mechanically opening transduction channels near the tips. Cations from the endolymph flow into the cell, depolarizing the hair cell and triggering the release of neurotransmitters to nearby nerves, which send an electrical signal to the central nervous system.

Question: Based on this passage, stereocillia on the organ of corti are arranged?

Stream of random thoughts: To answer the above question, the relevant sentence is: As acoustic sensors in mammals, stereocilia are lined up in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear.... The answer is within the cochlea of the inner ear.
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Passage: Van Mahotsav festival was started in 1950 by Kulapati Dr. KM Munshi, then the Union Minister for Agriculture and Food to create enthusiasm among masses for forest conservation and planting trees. It is now a week-long festival, celebrated on different days in different parts of India, but usually between 1 July to 7 July. It began after a flourishing tree planting drive which was undertaken in Delhi, in which national leaders participated. The festival was simultaneously celebrated in a number of states in India. Since then, millions of saplings of diverse species have been planted with energetic participation of local people and various agencies like the forest department. Awareness spread as the chipko movement rose in popularity as a crusade to save mother earth..

Question: Based on this passage, when do we celebrate van mahotsav in india?
Stream of random thoughts: This is the relevant information: It is now a week-long festival, celebrated on different days in different parts of India, but usually between 1 July to 7 July.... The answer is on different days in different parts of India , but usually between 1 July to 7 July.
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