Information: - Civil Engineering History of the civil engineering profession. Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilization, and Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. - Carl Abraham Pihl ( 16 January 1825 -- 14 September 1897 ) was a Norwegian civil engineer and director of the Norwegian State Railways ( NSB ) from 1865 until his death . Pihl was one of the main architects of the use of narrow gauge railways in Norway . - Norges Statsbaner AS, trading as NSB AS and known in English as the Norwegian State Railways, is a government-owned railway company which operates most passenger train services in Norway. Owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications, it is also engaged in real estate through Rom Eiendom, bus transport through Nettbuss, cargo trains through CargoNet and Swedish train transport through Tagkompaniet. NSB transported 52 million train passengers and 104 million bus passengers in 2009. The current company was established on 1 December 1996, when the former Norwegian State Railways (18831996) was split into the new NSB, the infrastructure company the Norwegian National Rail Administration and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. In 2002 the freight operations were split to the subsidiary CargoNet, and the maintenance department became Mantena. - A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'carl abraham pihl' with the relationship of 'employer'. Choices: - life - norges statsbaner as - time
norges statsbaner as

Information: - A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book, or e-book. - Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: , "ge", "earth"; , "morph", "form"; and , "logos", "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near the Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field. - Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. In North America, archaeology is considered a sub-field of anthropology, while in Europe archaeology is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines. - The Novgorod Codex ( Russian : ) is the oldest book of the Rus '' , unearthed on July 13 , 2000 in Novgorod . It is a palimpsest consisting of three bound wooden tablets containing four pages filled with wax , on which its former owner wrote down dozens , probably hundreds of texts during two or three decades , each time wiping out the preceding text . According to the data obtained by stratigraphy ( and dendrochronology ) , carbon dating and from the text itself ( where the year 999 occurs several times ) , the wax codex was used in the first quarter of the 11th century and maybe even in the last years of the 10th century . It is therefore older than the Ostromir Gospels , the earliest precisely dated East Slavic book . - Monumental brass is a species of engraved sepulchral memorial which in the early part of the 13th century began to partially take the place of three-dimensional monuments and effigies carved in stone or wood. Made of hard latten or sheet brass, let into the pavement, and thus forming no obstruction in the space required for the services of the church, they speedily came into general use, and continued to be a favourite style of sepulchral memorial for three centuries. - A palimpsest is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off so that the page can be reused for another document. Parchment and other materials for writing or engraving upon were expensive to produce, and in the interest of economy were re-used wherever possible. In colloquial usage, the term "palimpsest" is also used in architecture, archaeology, and geomorphology, to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another, for example a monumental brass the reverse blank side of which has been re-engraved. - Architecture (Latin "architectura", from the Greek "arkhitekton" "architect", from - "chief" and "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. - A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) is any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some automated way. More recently, it is understood to be an author's written, typed, or word-processed copy of a work, as distinguished from the print of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. After reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'novgorod codex' with the relationship of 'instance of'. Choices: - activity - archaeology - architect - architecture - book - border - branch - chemical - codex - combination - combine - culture - document - field - format - geography - history - ink - landform - manuscript - material - material culture - memorial - palimpsest - paper - part - planning - process - product - research - set - side - single - species - stone - study - three
manuscript