Hoeing weeds is an important part of managing flowerbeds, vegetable gardens, and fields. You should always hoe weeds at first sight. Waiting until the weeds take over your garden will make hoeing more difficult. The best time to hoe is when the soil in your field or garden is as dry as possible. This creates what some gardeners refer to as dust mulch, which can help prevent new weeds from germinating. Try hoeing your garden early in the morning, before you water the plants. Before you begin to hoe, stand tall. Pick up the hoe by its handle and stand it on the ground beside you. Take notice of your upright position. Try to maintain as close to an upright position as possible while you hoe. This will make the process easier on your back. Grab the hoe and make sweeping motions over the tops of weeds, much like you would do if using a broom to sweep a floor. Make broad, fluid sweeping motions to slice the tops off the weeds. You should aim to sweep your hoe just below the surface of the soil. This will result in cutting off the tops of the weeds at this level, which can prevent future weed growth. It is important that you are precise and cautious while hoeing weeds. An accidental sweep to the right might result in an accidental chop to your favorite flowers. Make sure the hoe passes easily and precisely between the rows of plants and does not disturb your flowers or crops. Hoeing weeds can be hard on your hands, arms, and back. Try to evenly distribute the labor on both sides of your body. You can easily do this by switching hands and arms frequently while hoeing. You can wear gloves while hoeing to protect your hands.

Summary: Know when to hoe. Hoe when the soil is dry. Stay as upright as possible. Use a sweeping motion to slice off weed tops. Cut the weed stem just below the soil. Exercise caution and aim for accuracy. Change hands frequently while hoeing.

Write the producer's last name, a comma, and then the first initial and a period. Then type a space, and the word "(Producer)" in parenthesis. Follow this with a comma, a space, a "&" sign, and the director's last name, a comma, the director's first initial and the word "(Director)" in parenthesis. Follow this with a comma, a space, and the year of the film's release in parenthesis. After this write the name of the film in italics, followed by brackets enclosing the phrase "[Motion picture]" and a period. Follow this with the country of origin, a colon, and the studio or distributor. For example, write: "Bastani, P. (Producer), & Bonito, L. (Director). (2002). Fake Movie [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount. If the movie you are citing is hard to obtain, use the same format up to the point where you write [Motion Picture]." After that, skip a space and enclose directions to getting the film in parenthesis. You might write: "Bastani, P. (Producer), & Bonito, L. (Director). (2002). Fake Movie [Motion Picture]. (Available from University of California Irvine, Office of Obscure Feminist Film 260 Aldrich Hall Irvine, CA 92697)" Begin with the producer's full name, followed by parenthesis. In the parenthesis, write "(Producer)." Follow this with a period, then another set of parenthesis that enclose the date of the video's publication. Then write the film's title in italics, followed by a period. End with brackets that enclose the phrase"[Streaming Video]," a period, and the phrase "Retrieved from [name of database]." For example, write: "Bastani, Penelope (Producer). (2002). Fake Movie [Streaming Video]. Retrieved from Feminist Filmstars Online database.
Summary: List a film by its producer. List a film of limited availability with information on how to find it. Cite a streaming film beginning with the producer.