In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Although uncommon, hearing loss after spinal anesthesia has been described. Vestibulocochlear dysfunction after spinal anesthesia in which 22-gauge and 25-gauge Quincke needles were used was investigated to determine if needle size affected hearing.', 'Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 20 to 40 years, who were undergoing lower extremity surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups. After intravenous hydration, 3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine was administered for spinal anesthesia, which was performed with a 22-gauge Quincke needle in group I (n=30) patients and a 25-gauge Quincke needle in group II (n=30) patients. Before surgery and 2 days after surgery, pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed. Preoperative and postoperative hearing data were obtained in the right and left ears for every frequency. Headache, nausea, and vomiting and cranial nerve III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII function were assessed on postoperative day 2.', 'Demographic data were not different between the groups. No hypoacousis was noted at any frequency during the entire testing period in either group. Two patients from group I experienced postdural puncture headache on postoperative day 3, and neither had hearing loss. No patient had cranial nerve dysfunction.\Question: Does hearing loss occur in young patients undergoing spinal anesthesia?
[EX A]: We were unable to induce hearing loss in young patients undergoing spinal anesthesia by injecting the anesthetic with a 22-gauge or a 25-gauge Quincke needle.

[EX Q]: Context: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and N-cadherin interact to transduce intracellular signals. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. This study attempted to detect changes in GDNF-induced -catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in C6 glioma cells.', 'C6 glioma cells were treated with GDNF (70 ng/mL) and membrane and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted. A N-cadherin antibody was used for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). Western blot analysis using the co-IP protein was completed using antibodies for -catenin, Src and -actin. Immunocytochemistry was conducted with the same antibodies. To determine if Src induced phosphorylation of -catenin Tyr-654, Western blot analysis was also performed on nuclear proteins from C6 cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 using then p- -catenin antibody.', 'After induced by GDNF, C6 cell membrane -catenin was phosphorylated at Tyr-654 and subsequently separated from the N-cadherin/-catenin complex. Further study confirmed that the induction by GDNF significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of phospho--catenin (Tyr-654) in C6 glioma cells. There was also an increase in the binding of non-receptor protein kinase Src with N-cadherin on the inner cell membrane surface. Src induced phosphorylation of -catenin Tyr-654 induced by GDNF decreased significantly.\Question: Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promote -catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in glioma cells?
[EX A]: The results of our study demonstrate that GDNF increases the intracellular phosphorylation level of -catenin through N-cadherin/Src signaling, which subsequently stimulates the nuclear translocation of -catenin. This study provides a theoretical basis for us to reveal the role of biological mechanisms on glioma cell by GDNF.

[EX Q]: Context: To assess levels of vitamin D and of immunoglobulin G subclasses in children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with or without autoimmune thyroiditis.', 'Among 213 patients with type 1 diabetes, the cases with thyroid-specific autoantibodies formed Group 1 [n=19, M/F: 7/12, median age 13 years (10.1-14.7)]. Nineteen age-, gender-, and diabetes duration-matched cases with type 1 diabetes without any other systemic disease were designated as controls [Group 2, M/F: 7/12, median age 12.9 years (10.5-14.9)].', 'Levels of thyroid hormones, vitamin D, total IgG and IgG subclasses, as well as IgG subclasses/total IgG ratios were similar between the groups. Five cases (26%) in Group 1 had IgG4 levels > + 2 SDS, whereas there were no such cases in Group 2 (p=0.046). These five patients had similar clinical features but higher median IgG4 levels and IgG4/Total IgG ratios compared to the subjects with IgG4 levels < + 2 SDS in Group 1 and Group 2.\Question: Is autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with elevated IgG4 but not with low vitamin D?
[EX A]:
There was no difference of vitamin D levels between the groups. Only a small percentage of patients with type 1 diabetes also having autoimmune thyroiditis had elevated serum IgG4 levels, revealing the heterogeneity of autoimmune thyroiditis and existence of IgG4 thyroiditis in the pediatric age group. Total IgG, the other IgG subclasses, and vitamin D levels did not differ in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes compared to those suffering only from type 1 diabetes.