Unlike puppies who just don't know how to ask to go outside when they need to go, an adult dog may have much more complicated reasons for why it eliminates inside the house. If you have recently adopted an adult dog or you want to retrain your adult dog, you should first take some time to consider the reason(s) why your dog may be eliminating inside your home. Taking time to figure out what is going on with your dog will help you to decide on the best course of action. Before you try to housebreak your adult dog, you should take him to the veterinarian to have a check-up. Some adult dogs begin to have problems with elimination due to medical issues. Your veterinarian can assess your dog to see if a medical condition is causing him to urinate or defecate inside the house. Common medical conditions that may lead to problems with your dog eliminating in the house include: Changes in your dog's diet Gastrointestinal issues Urinary tract infection Bladder stones Post-spaying hormone issues in female dogs Medications Arthritis Age related cognitive dysfunction Some dogs develop problems with eliminating inside the house because a beloved family member has left the home or because someone has been added to the home. Consider the recent departures and arrivals in your family to determine if this may be the cause of your dog's elimination problems. Did one of your children recently go off to college? Or did you recently get a new puppy? If a recent change is the cause of your dog's elimination problems, it may take time for your dog to get used to the new family situation. Be patient and do things to let your dog know hat he is still valued and loved despite the changes. Play with him, give him praise, toys, and treats to help him feel more secure. Some dogs develop fear or anxiety about going outside and may begin eliminating in the house as a result. If your dog seems reluctant to go outside, there may be something about the experience that is frightening to him. Try to determine what is causing your dog's reluctance to eliminate outside. For example, if your dog is frightened by the sound of passing cars, he may end up not eliminating enough or at all when you take him out for a walk. Some dogs don't like to go outside because they have developed a preference for a certain type of surface. Common surface preferences include carpet, concrete, and furniture. Identifying your dog's surface preference may be necessary in order to retrain him to go to the bathroom outside. Pay attention to where your dog goes to the bathroom most often. Does he prefer to go on the carpet, on the tile floor, on a pile of laundry, or somewhere else? Can you think of any reason why he might prefer that spot over going outside? A surface preference may be related to the dog's previous environment. For example, a dog that spent the last few years living in an environment where he was seldom let outside may have developed a surface preference for carpet. Or, a dog that was raised in a laboratory may have a surface preference for concrete.
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One-sentence summary -- Be aware that there are many reasons why adult dogs may eliminate inside the house. Take your dog to a veterinarian to rule out medical issues. Consider recent subtractions and/or additions your home. Determine if fear or anxiety may be causing your dog's problems. Identify any surface preferences that your dog has.

Most farmers start off with 2 to 5 cows. They may not have the money or experience to handle more. Focus on getting a few healthy cows, then turning them into profit so you are able to afford more. Sell your products at a local level to get started. Keeping only a few cows means your land won't be overwhelmed. Cows take up a lot of space and may eat pastures to ruin if you aren't careful. If you have the money and experience, starting with a whole herd is possible, but be careful. Make sure you have barn and pasture space. A beef farm is much more flexible than a dairy farm. Cattle ranchers sell cows once or twice a year, usually in the fall. They spend the rest of the time tending to their herd, ensuring that the cows grow strong and muscular. Beef ranchers tend to rely on public lands or good pastures. To have a healthy herd, you need plenty of land space. The cows roam around and forage a lot. The overhead cost to start up is comparatively low besides purchasing land. You may not be able to find good grasslands in some areas, while the beef market may be competitive in others. Dairy farmers need to be very diligent to ensure their cows produce as much milk as possible. Dairy cows require a specific diet filled with nutrients, which makes them costlier to raise. They have to be fed and milked at the same time every day, but the result is that good cows produce milk year round. The startup costs are greater in dairy farming than beef farming. Dairy farms need extra equipment, such as stanchions and milking machines. The cows require quality hay. To get the cows to produce milk, you may wish to keep a bull around. Bulls are a little trickier to handle safely. If you don't want bulls, use artificial insemination, then sell male calves for extra profit. Calving farms are useful, but most farmers don't recognize the opportunity to sell calves. It is somewhat similar to dairy farming, except without the need for milking equipment. You raise the calves either as veal or sell them to other people, from other farmers to show clubs like 4-H. You need a separate calving bard and also have to consider keeping a bull or using artificial insemination. Calves are quick profit because you don't need to wait for them to grow up. Don't sell all of your calves, though. Keep a few for your farm. Each cow needs about 112 to 2 acres (0.61 to 0.81ha) of pasture space per cow calf pair. This amount of space provides enough roughage for a year. Most farmers are able to keep multiple cows on a single pasture if they're careful. If you leave too many cows in a pasture, they eat all of the grass. To prevent this, farmers rotate the cows to different fields. As long as you're careful not to strain your resources, your fields will continue to produce roughage.
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One-sentence summary --
Start with a small farm and a handful of cows at first. Choose beef ranching for a lower-maintenance cattle farm. Start a dairy farm for a more intensive but constant product. Raise calves for a unique farm that may fill a local need. Aim on having plenty of pasture space for your cows to roam.