instruction:
You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph and the story. You need to come up with an answer to the given question; the answer will be a span from either the question or the story. In order to correctly answer the given question, you need to understand the relationship mentioned in the background paragraph and should be able to use it to understand that in the story. Your answer can not consist of any word that is not mentioned in any of these: the background paragraph, the story, or the question. You can directly copy and paste a span from the story or the question while answering the given question.
question:
Background Paragraph: A dilution effect is seen when animals living in a group "dilute" their risk of attack, each individual being just one of many in the group. George C. Williams and W.D. Hamilton proposed that group living evolved because it provides benefits to the individual rather than to the group as a whole, which becomes more conspicuous as it becomes larger. One common example is the shoaling of fish. Experiments provide direct evidence for the decrease in individual attack rate seen with group living, for example in Camargue horses in Southern France. The horse-fly often attacks these horses, sucking blood and carrying diseases. When the flies are most numerous, the horses gather in large groups, and individuals are indeed attacked less frequently. Water striders are insects that live on the surface of fresh water, and are attacked from beneath by predatory fish. Experiments varying the group size of the water striders showed that the attack rate per individual water strider decreases as group size increases.
Story: Mike was visiting the African Savannah. One animal that interested him most was the African Buffalo. He noticed that the buffaloes would usually live in a large herd, often exceeding few hundreds. He noted that as case A. But sometimes the buffaloes would live in a small herd. He noted that as case B. Interestingly, there are incidents when an aggressive male buffalo would live by itself. He noted that as case C.
Question: In case B, would an individual buffalo have lower or higher risk of attack than in case A?
answer:
higher.

question:
Background Paragraph: Storing large volumes of data When storing XML to either file or database, the volume of data a system produces can often exceed reasonable limits, with a number of detriments: the access times go up as more data is read, CPU load goes up as XML data takes more power to process, and storage costs go up. By storing XML data in Fast Infoset format, data volume may be reduced by as much as 80 percent.
Story: Dan had a busy day storing XML. At 2 PM, he stored 10000 Gigabytes to the database. At 3 PM, he stored 20000 Gigabytes to the database. At 4 PM, he stored 30000 Gigabytes to the database. At 5 PM, he got dinner. At 6 PM, he stored 40000 Gigabytes to the database. At 7 PM, he stored 50000 Gigabytes to the database. At 8 PM, he went to sleep to finish storing XML in the morning.
Question: What time did CPU load go up: 3 PM or 5 PM?
answer:
3 PM.

question:
Background Paragraph: Active transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane with the help of extra energy. This happens when a substance moves from an area where it is less concentrated to an area where it is more concentrated. This is the opposite of diffusion. The substance moves up, instead of down, the concentration gradient. Like rolling a ball uphill, this requires an input of energy. The energy comes from the molecule named ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The energy allows special transport proteins called pumps to move substances to areas of higher concentration. An example is the sodium-potassium pump.
Story: Two cells, Cell B and Cell C, are being examined under microscopes by students in a science class. While looking at the cells, one student, Kim, notices that there is a noticeable trend in Cell B for a particular substance to try to group up in a more concentrated area. In Cell C though, she notices that the same substance is spreading apart and finding less concentrated areas to move to.
Question: Which cell is not exhibiting diffusion?
answer:
Cell B.