Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Food Chains and Food Webs The term "food chain" is sometimes used metaphorically to describe human social situations. In this sense, food chains are thought of as a competition for survival, such as "who eats whom?" Someone eats and someone is eaten. Therefore, it is not surprising that in our competitive "dog-eat-dog" society, individuals who are considered successful are seen as being at the top of the food chain, consuming all others for their benefit, whereas the less successful are seen as being at the bottom. The scientific understanding of a food chain is more precise than in its everyday usage. In ecology, a food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass: primary producers, primary consumers, and higher-level consumers are used to describe ecosystem structure and dynamics. There is a single path through the chain. Each organism in a food chain occupies what is called a trophic level. Depending on their role as producers or consumers, species or groups of species can be assigned to various trophic levels. In many ecosystems, the bottom of the food chain consists of photosynthetic organisms (plants and/or phytoplankton), which are called primary producers. The organisms that consume the primary producers are herbivores: the primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat the primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores. Higher-level consumers feed on the next lower tropic levels, and so on, up to the organisms at the top of the food chain: the apex consumers. In the Lake Ontario food chain shown in Figure 46.4, the Chinook salmon is the apex consumer at the top of this food chain. Q: Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat what? Choices: - soil - plants - dead material - primary consumers A:
A: primary consumers

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are the only plants with a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation is dominant. Figure below shows the life cycle of moss. The familiar, green, photosynthetic moss plants are gametophytes. The sporophyte generation is very small and dependent on the gametophyte plant. Q: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are examples of what type of plant in which gametophyte generation is dominant? Choices: - choanocyte plants - vascular plants - photoreactive plants - nonvascular plants A:
A: nonvascular plants

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lobe-fined fish are currently far fewer in number than ray-finned fish. Their fins, like the one shown in Figure above , contain a stump-like appendage of bone and muscle. There are two groups of lobe-finned fish still alive today: coelacanths and lungfish. Q: What are two types of lobe finned fish? Choices: - sharks and piranha - piranha and pike - moles and lungfish - coelacanths and lungfish A:
A: coelacanths and lungfish

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called flagella ( Figure below ). Flagella help bacteria move. As the flagella rotate, they spin the bacteria and propel them forward. Though some eukaryotic cells do have a flagella, a flagella in eukaryotes is rare. Q: Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called what? Choices: - plasmids - sporangia - nuclei - flagella A:
A: flagella