Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Avoid speaking to the dog or giving a hand gesture. Remove rewards for barking. Close your dog's mouth. Control the environment. Socialize your dog.

Answer: These reactions reward the dog with attention and are to be avoided. Shouting is also ineffective. Instead, completely ignore any barking. Telling the dog to be "Quiet" could be counter-effective. In some cases, spritzing your dog's with a spray bottle full of water can be an effective and harmless way to startle her out of barking. However, some dogs see this as a game rather than a distraction, so you'll have to determine whether it works for your dog. Rewarding your dog for behaviors you want to eliminate must be avoided, as this will only reinforce those behaviors. For example, if your dog barks at you to get attention and you respond by giving him attention, you've just rewarded him for the action you want to remove! Ignore your dog when he's barking for attention. This can be tough, akin to ignoring a crying baby, but in order to avoid confusing your dog it's important that you not pay him any attention when he's demanding it. Don't reward your dog's demand for attention with glances, pets, or talking. If you're able to, turn your back to him. This will signal that you don't like this behavior. Eventually, the dog will quiet down. When your dog stops barking, praise him and give him treats. As he begins to understand the system, require him to stay quiet for longer periods of time before you reward him. If your dog is not a nipper, it can be helpful to close your dog's mouth when she barks inappropriately. This is a physical reinforcement that you do not approve of the dog's behavior. There are leashes and halters that allow you to gently pull the mouth closed while you're out on a walk. When feasible, remove your dog from anything that triggers barking. Close blinds or curtains if your dog barks at people passing by. Put your dog alone in a room if she barks at guests. Territorial barking can often be addressed by changing what your dog is able to see. Installing a wooden fence instead of a chain link fence or covering your windows with opaque film (that still allows light through) can help a territorial dog quiet down. If your dog startles at unfamiliar noises, play a white noise machine or leave a fan running while you're not home. This can help distract your dog from the other noises she hears. If your dog barks whenever she sees other dogs or people, she may not get enough socialization. Model good behavior at the dog park, on walks, and when you interact with people. This can help teach territorial dogs that they don't have to bark to protect their territory everywhere they go. You can also take your dog to "doggie day care," where she can play with other dogs and learn good dog behavior.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Identify hostile remarks. Resist character assassinations. Avoid threats of abandonment. Refrain from threats of exile. Recognize invalidations. Abstain from making challenges. Avoid preaching.

Answer: The worst thing you can do during an argument is to use hostile remarks. These are remarks that are intended to make your partner feel embarrassed, saddened, or humiliated. During an argument, you may make these types of remarks without even realizing that they are hostile and damaging to your relationship. There are six common types of hostile remarks: character assassinations, threats of abandonment, threats of exile, invalidations, challenges, and preaching. Each weakens your partner's sense of self-esteem in its own way. Talk to your spouse about these common hostile remarks and ask them to help police your speech so you can avoid saying these things. Let your spouse know that you can do the same for them. Character assassinations are a type of hostile remark that involve making sweeping declarations about your spouse, usually that your spouse is irreparably bad or flawed. This may include name calling or labels such as "loser." It may even be a simple character evaluation, such as, "You're too much work and you're not worth it." Character assassinations don't have to be giant, degrading slurs. Often times minor character assassinations go unnoticed or uncontested, quietly causing emotional damage. Any time you make empty threats to leave or imply that you no longer have feelings for someone, you're making a threat of abandonment. This type of hostile remark makes your partner feel worthless. You may not intend to harm your spouse's sense of self-worth, especially if you say something in the heat of an argument, but it can have a lasting impact on your relationship. Examples of threats of abandonment include "I'm sick of you" and "You're more trouble than you're worth. I'm over it." A threat of exile is when you threaten to kick your spouse out of your life. This may be an offhand hostile remark, like saying, "I don't need you in my life anymore." It can also be a direct challenge, like saying, "Get back together with your ex - you don't deserve someone like me." Threats of exile weaken the stability of your relationship by conveying, whether truthfully or as an empty threat, that you don't value or care about your spouse. Every time you say something to make your spouse feel dumb, out of touch, or not worth listening to, you are invalidating them. This may be a harsh insult, like saying, "You're stupid," or it may degrade the other person, like if you say, "You don't know what you're talking about - you're not worth listening to." Challenges involve asking questions or making accusations that take away your spouse's right to their feelings. Some common challenges that are posed in hostile interactions include, "How can you believe that?" or "That's the dumbest idea I've ever heard." Preaching involves making your spouse feel like a child by reprimanding them or citing some unseen authority on the subject. For example, saying something like, "You're being whiny and immature" or "No decent person would ever say/do what you said/did" would be preaching. The unspoken assumption involved in preaching is that your spouse is always wrong and you are always right. Whether you realize it or not, this is the message you are sending.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Mix up a Sazerac cocktail. Shake up a Sun Also Rises cocktail. Make a Death in the Afternoon.

Answer: Put enough absinthe into a chilled glass to rinse the glass, then pour out the absinthe. Put ice cubes into your cocktail mixer, then pour 1 fluid ounce (30mL) rye whiskey, 1 fluid ounce (30mL) cognac, 3 dashes of Peychaud's bitters, 1 dash Angostura bitters, .25 fluid ounces (7.4mL) simple syrup, and .25 fluid ounces (7.4mL) chilled water over the ice. Shake the cocktail mixer hard for 10 to 15 seconds, then strain the cocktail into the glass you rinsed with absinthe. Add a twisted lemon peel to the glass as a garnish.Discard the lemon peel after you finish your drink. Combine all the ingredients in a martini shaker. Fill the shaker the rest of the way with ice, put on the lid, and shake the mixture vigorously. Strain the mixture into a martini or cocktail glass filled with crushed ice. Serve the cocktail with a wedge of grapefruit on the rim of the glass. Transfer the absinthe to a champagne glass. Hold the glass on a 45-degree angle and slowly pour in the sparkling wine. Holding the glass like this and pouring slowly minimizes bubbling. Add ice to chill the drink before serving if you like.

Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Harvest partially open sunflowers. Cut your flower with a decent-sized stem. Hang the sunflower up to dry in a dark, dry place. Check on the flowers in two weeks. Coat the sunflowers with hairspray.

Answer:
If you intend to dry sunflowers for decorative purposes, it is better to use small- to medium-sized sunflowers that have only just begun to open. The seeds have not fully developed, so they should not fall out after being dried. The stem should be about 6 inches (15 centimetres) in length, so cut your flower accordingly. Pick a pretty, symmetrical bloom, and pull off any dead leaves around the head of the sunflower. Tie yarn or kitchen twine to the bottom of the stem. You can bundle them in threes, but the heads shouldn't touch. Pick a dark, dry place to hang them, such as an unused cabinet, a closet, or an attic. You can also set the flowers in a vase to dry. The petals will arch more gracefully. Still place them in a dark, dry place. The sunflowers should be dry in about two weeks, but they may take as long as three weeks. When they're dry, cut down the twine and pull them out of the closet. Preserve the color and shape of the flower by spraying it with hairspray. Use them in vases or cut the stems short to place them in shadow boxes.