[Q]: Process: - Batteries are put in a flashlight - The flashlight is turned on - Two contact strips touch one another - A circuit is completed between the batteries and the lamp - The lamp in the flashlight begins to glow - The reflector in the flashlight directs the lamp's beam - A straight beam of light is generated - The flashlight is turned off - The circuit is broken - The beam is no longer visible. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the batteries touch the contacts happens, how will it affect HELPING the flashlight to work properly. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
****
[A]: yes

input: Please answer the following: Process: - The sun gives off radiation - The radiation is aborbed by the Earth - Some of the radiation goes back into space - Some is trapped by the atmosphere - If too much heat is trapped - Global warming occurs. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less urine is passed to the bladder happens, how will it affect a SMALLER greenhouse effect. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++
output: no

Please answer this: Process: - The pancreas detects chemical changes in the stomach - The pancreas creates juices that help digest food - The pancreas releases the juices into the stomach - Trypsin and chymotrypsin digest protein - Insulin is produced to move glucose from the blood - The enzymes begin producing again. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the pancreas is healthy to remove proteins happens, how will it affect the pancreas was removed. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++
Answer: yes

Problem: Process: - Skin is cut or damaged - Bacteria enters through the wound - The bacteria reproduces and spreads - Causes symptoms - The bacteria is either fought off or becomes a disease. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose spores land on a hard material happens, how will it affect MORE SEVERE disease occurring. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: no

Problem: Given the question: Process: - Iron is exposed to oxygen - Is exposed to air - A chemical reaction occurs - The iron starts to oxidize - The iron starts to rust. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less iron is present in the earth happens, how will it affect there is less oxidisation. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
yes

Problem: Process: - The virus finds an animal cell - The virus attaches to the cell's surface - The cell swallows the virus - The virus' RNA is released into the cell - The cell mistakenly reads the virus' RNA instead of its own - The cell creates new viruses - The animal cell releases the new viruses - The new viruses can infect more cells. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose people have a religious conversion happens, how will it affect a SMALLER spread of the virus. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
no