Answer the following question given this paragraph: Frog eggs are fertilized externally, and like other amphibians, frogs generally lay their eggs in moist environments. A moist environment is required as eggs lack a shell and thus dehydrate quickly in dry environments. Frogs demonstrate a great diversity of parental behaviors, with some species laying many eggs and exhibiting little parental care, to species that carry eggs and tadpoles on their hind legs or backs. The life cycle of frogs, as other amphibians, consists of two distinct stages: the larval stage followed by metamorphosis to an adult stage. The larval stage of a frog, the tadpole, is often a filter-feeding herbivore. Tadpoles usually have gills, a lateral line system, long-finned tails, and lack limbs. At the end of the tadpole stage, frogs undergo metamorphosis into the adult form (Figure 29.18). During this stage, the gills, tail, and lateral line system disappear, and four limbs develop. The jaws become larger and are suited for carnivorous feeding, and the digestive system transforms into the typical short gut of a predator. An eardrum and air-breathing lungs also develop. These changes during metamorphosis allow the larvae to move onto land in the adult stage. Q: Like other amphibians, frogs generally lay their eggs in moist environments, which are required since the eggs lack what feature? Choices: - nucleus - tubes - membrane - shells A:
shells
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mRNA is divided into three-base segments called codons. A codon is the segment of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid, or for a start or stop signal. There are 64 codons. Q: What is the total number of codons? Choices: - 45 - 51 - 68 - 64 A:
64
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water is a compound that consists of the elements hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Like other compounds, the smallest particles of water are called molecules. Each molecule of water (H 2 O) contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Q: What are the smallest particles of water called? Choices: - hydrogen - atoms - ions - molecules A:
A: molecules
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 15 1 The heart rate increases to send more blood to the muscles, and the liver releases stored glucose to fuel the muscles. 3 The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on a vertical orientation. 5 The release of urine in extreme fear. The sympathetic system normally constricts sphincters such as that of the urethra. 7 D 9 C 11 A 13 D 15 A 17 A 19 B 21 B 23 C 25 D 27 Whereas energy is needed for running away from the threat, blood needs to be sent to the skeletal muscles for oxygen supply. The additional fuel, in the form of carbohydrates, probably wouldn't improve the ability to escape the threat as much as the diversion of oxygen-rich blood would hinder it. 29 The nerves that carry sensory information from the diaphragm enter the spinal cord in the cervical region where somatic sensory fibers from the shoulder and neck would enter. The brain superimposes this experience onto the sensory homunculus where the somatic nerves are connected. 31 Pupillary dilation and sweating, two functions lost in Horner's syndrome, are caused by the sympathetic system. A tumor in the thoracic cavity may interrupt the output of the thoracic ganglia that project to the head and face. 33 Blood vessels, and therefore blood pressure, are primarily influenced by only the sympathetic system. There is no parasympathetic influence on blood pressure, so nicotine activation of autonomic ganglia will preferentially increase blood pressure. Also, cardiac muscle tissue is only modulated by autonomic inputs, so the conflicting information from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers will cause arrhythmias. Both hypertension and arrhythmias are cardiac risk factors. Q: The effect of gravity on circulation means that it is harder to get blood up from the legs as the body takes on this? Choices: - frontal orientation - dorsal orientation - horizontal orientation - vertical orientation A:
Answer: vertical orientation
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mouth is the first digestive organ that food enters. The sight, smell, or taste of food stimulates the release of saliva and digestive enzymes by salivary glands inside the mouth. Saliva wets the food, which makes it easier to break up and swallow. The enzyme amylase in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starches to sugars. Q: What is the first digestive organ that food enters? Choices: - stomach - tongue - esophagus - mouth A:
**Answer**
mouth
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 17.6 The Adrenal Glands The adrenal glands, located superior to each kidney, consist of two regions: the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortexthe outer layer of the glandproduces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. The adrenal medulla at the core of the gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal glands mediate a short-term stress response and a long-term stress response. A perceived threat results in the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla, which mediate the fight-or-flight response. The long-term stress response is mediated by the secretion of CRH from the hypothalamus, which triggers ACTH, which in turn stimulates the secretion of corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex. The mineralocorticoids, chiefly aldosterone, cause sodium and fluid retention, which increases blood volume and blood pressure. Q: What is the outer layer of the adrenal gland called? Choices: - adrenal skin - zona reticularis - medulla - adrenal cortex A:
**Answer**
adrenal cortex