Problem: I read this background article the other day: The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood. As shown in Figure below , the mucous membrane lining the jejunum is covered with millions of microscopic, fingerlike projections called villi (singular, villus). Villi contain many capillaries, and nutrients pass from the villi into the bloodstream through the capillaries. Because there are so many villi, they greatly increase the surface area for absorption. In fact, they make the inner surface of the small intestine as large as a tennis court! I am facing a new situation today: Pete liked the human physiology so he started reading about the digestive system, especially about the jejunum. His colleague Fox, studied more about the stomach. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which student read more about the mucous membrane lining the jejunum?

A: Pete
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Some individuals have a specific mutation in the primary sequence of their hemoglobin molecules that causes them to aggregate, resulting in a deformation of their red blood cells. This abnormality is genetic in nature. A person may inherit the gene from one parent and have sickle cell trait (only some of the hemoglobin is hemoglobin S), which is usually not life-threatening. Inheriting the gene from both parents will result in sickle cell disease, which is a very serious condition. I am facing a new situation today: Two sisters went to the hospital. The medics ran some blood tests and found out that Sue had sickle cell trait, while Mary had normal blood cells. Sue received treatment. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which sister doesn't have hemoglobin S in her blood?
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The answer is:
Mary
input question: I read this background article the other day: The ionization energies of the representative elements generally decrease from top to bottom within a group. This trend is explained by the increase in size of the atoms within a group. The valence electron that is being removed is further from the nucleus in the case of a larger atom. The attractive force between the valence electron and the nucleus weakens as the distance between them increases and as the shielding effect increases, resulting in a lower ionization energy for the larger atoms within a group. Although the nucl I am facing a new situation today: Dan was studying chemistry for the upcoming test. To understand ionization energy he selected two atoms, atom A and atom B. Atom A was top within a group, but atom B was bottom within a group. He found it easier to understand the concept by comparing these two atoms. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which atom would have more ionization energy, atom A or atom B????
output answer: atom A
I read this background article the other day: HIV , or human immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS. AIDS stands for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome." It is a condition that causes death and does not have a known cure. AIDS usually develops 10 to 15 years after a person is first infected with HIV. The development of AIDS can be delayed with proper medicines. The delay can be well over 20 years with the right medicines. Today, individuals who acquire HIV after 50 years of age can expect to reach an average human life span. I am facing a new situation today: Two college buddies have known each other for 20 years. Tim was HIV positive while John was not and he didn't have a problem with it. Both friends are 40 years old. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which friend cannot expect to reach an average human life span?
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Answer: Tim
Q: I read this background article the other day: Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants. This occurs when the turgor pressure in non-lignified plant cells falls towards zero, as a result of diminished water in the cells. The rate of loss of water from the plant is greater than the absorption of water in the plant. The process of wilting modifies the leaf angle distribution of the plant (or canopy) towards more erectophile conditions. Lower water availability may result from: drought conditions, where the soil moisture drops below conditions most favorable for plant functioning; the temperature falls to the point where the plants vascular system can not function. high salinity, which causes water to diffuse from the plant cells and induce shrinkage; saturated soil conditions, where roots are unable to obtain sufficient oxygen for cellular respiration, and so are unable to transport water into the plant; or bacteria or fungi that clog the plant's vascular system. Wilting diminishes the plant's ability to transpire and grow. Permanent wilting leads to plant death. Symptoms of wilting and blights resemble one another. I am facing a new situation today: Jim had a small veggie garden that he planted every year. His brother Rob had a similar patch, and he was also a gardener. The plants in Jim's garden started wilting at some point and he found out that his soil had high salinity and some harmful bacteria that wiled the plants indirectly. Rob's plant were ok, because he adjusted the soil's ph with sweet lime. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which garden soil had a higher ph?
A: Jim's
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.Marine debris, which is also known as marine litter, describes human-created waste floating in a body of water. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. I am facing a new situation today: Two countries had big rivers discharging in the same ocean. Finland was very aware of environmental pollution and acted accordingly, while Russian practiced conventional agriculture and used fertilizers. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which country caused more livestock waste to reach into the ocean?
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[A]:
Russia