In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.

Ex Input:
Context_1 : The Shreds are an indie rock band based in Nevada City, California. Their debut CD, "Stranger", was released in June 2009, produced by five-time Academy Award nominated motion picture sound editor, Michael Herbick. The band members are Dylan Rodrigue (vocals & guitar), Blake Severn (vocals & bass) and Griffin Meyer (drums). As winners of the 2008 Sacramento News & Reviews' Jammies competition, The Shreds were selected by Sacramento producer & musician David Houston for a 25-hour recording project. In March 2009 they won the John Lennon Educational Bus Battle for the Bus in Sacramento, winning a full-day recording project using their state-of-the-art mobile audio/video recording studio recording the "A Very Dark Green" music video. They were also nominated in 2009 for a Sacramento News & Reviews Sammies Award (Outstanding Teen Band category). Context_2 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist, bassist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist, bassist, backing vocalist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). The group was founded by original vocalist Ronnie Radke, bassist Max Green and lead guitarist Monte Money. The band has had 10 official members and 5 touring members and throughout 2010-2013 had a fluctuating lineup, and has recorded 5 album with 4 different studio lineups. Context_3 : The Replacements were an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979. Initially a punk rock band, they are considered pioneers of alternative rock. The band was composed of the guitarist and vocalist Paul Westerberg, guitarist Bob Stinson, bass guitarist Tommy Stinson and drummer Chris Mars for most of its career. Following several acclaimed albums, including "Let It Be" and "Tim", Bob Stinson left the band in 1986, and Slim Dunlap joined as lead guitarist. Steve Foley replaced Mars in 1990. Towards the end of the band's career, Westerberg exerted more control over the creative output. The group disbanded in 1991, with the members eventually pursuing various projects. A reunion was announced on October 3, 2012. The Replacements never had significant commercial success, except for "I'll Be You", which hit number 1 on the "Billboard" Alt Rock chart, but they influenced numerous alternative rock acts. Context_4 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. They are signed to Eleven Seven Music. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). s of 2013 , Ortiz is the last founding member in the current lineup of the group. Context_5 : Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Founded by childhood friends Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith, Brent Wilson and Urie, Panic! at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released its debut studio album, "A Fever You Can't Sweat Out" (2005). Popularized by the second single, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", the album was certified double platinum in the US. In 2006, founding bassist Brent Wilson was fired from the band during an extensive world tour and subsequently replaced by Jon Walker. Context_6 : The Academy Is... was an American rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 2003. Before disbanding, they were signed by the Decaydance imprint of the Fueled by Ramen label. They were originally known as "The Academy", but added the "Is..." in 2004 to avoid legal complications with other established bands already under that name. The band released three studio albums, "Almost Here", "Santi", and "Fast Times at Barrington High", and four EPs. The band announced its break-up on 8 October 2011. In May 2015, lead singer William Beckett announced that the band would reunite at Riot Fest 2015 in Chicago. In addition the core members of the band Beckett, Mike Carden and Adam Siska, as well as Andy Mrotek and Ian Crawford (both of whom had not originally been part of the band), reunited for a farewell tour that took place during December 2015. Context_7 : Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman. The band first gained exposure in 2012 with the releases of their debut studio album "Night Visions" and its first single "It's Time". "Billboard" placed them at the top of their "Year In Rock" rankings for 2013, and named them their "Breakthrough Band of 2013". "Rolling Stone" named their single "Radioactive" from "Night Visions" the "biggest rock hit of the year", and MTV called them "the year's biggest breakout band". "Night Visions" peaked at number two on the weekly US "Billboard" 200 chart and the UK Albums Chart. The band's second studio album "Smoke + Mirrors" was released in 2015, and reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK. After touring for their sophomore record, the band took a brief hiatus to focus on their personal lives. During the latter half of 2016, they began recording their third studio album, "Evolve", released in 2017. While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed. Context_8 : The Big F was an American rock band that was formed in Los Angeles, California in 1988 by guitarist Mark Christian and former members of Berlin, bassist and vocalist John Crawford and drummer Rob Brill. Context_9 : Ian Miles Crawford (born September 29, 1988) is an American musician and vocalist born in Eugene, Oregon. He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. Context_10 : Tremonti is an American heavy metal band founded and fronted by lead vocalist and guitarist Mark Tremonti, best known as the guitarist of the American rock band Creed, and the lead guitarist of American rock band Alter Bridge. The band also consists of rhythm guitarist Eric Friedman and drummer Garrett Whitlock. Bassist Wolfgang Van Halen was in the band between 2012 to 2017. What originally started as a Mark Tremonti solo project evolved into a fully fledged band after the release of the group's first album, "All I Was", in July 2012. That album featured Tremonti himself playing guitar in addition to lead vocals, and the band was joined by Tremonti's Creed and Alter Bridge bandmate Brian Marshall playing bass on tour until his departure later that year. He was replaced by Van Halen bassist Wolfgang Van Halen, who contributed to the band's second album, "Cauterize", which was released on June 9, 2015. The band also has another album, entitled "Dust", in April 2016, serving as a continuation to "Cauterize". fact_1 : He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! fact_2 : at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. fact_3 : at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Question: Ian Crawford has been a guitarist for the American rock band from what Nevada city?

Ex Output:
Las Vegas

Ex Input:
Context_1 : A helpmate is a type of chess problem in which both sides cooperate in order to achieve the goal of checkmating Black. In a helpmate in "n" moves, Black moves first, then White, each side moving "n" times, to culminate in White's "nth" move checkmating Black. (In a helpmate in two for example, sometimes abbreviated "h#2", the solution consists of a Black move, a White move, a second Black move, then a second White move, giving checkmate.) Although the two sides cooperate, all moves must be legal according to the rules of chess. Context_2 : The Latin name Abnoba Mons (Pre-Germanic "Abnoba"; Ancient Greek " ", "ta Abnoba", "Abnobaia ore") is the name of a mountain range that was already known to ancient authors Pliny and Tacitus. The name has been traditionally, primarily associated in historical research with the Black Forest. Ptolemy used the toponym in his A.D. 150 publication, "Geographia", as a mountain range lying within Germania magna ( ) with its southern extent at 31 49' and its northern extremity at 31 52'. The geographer clearly did not restrict this name to present day Black Forest, but to an entire mountain chain. Context_3 : Kari Juhani Jormakka (Helsinki, 21 January 1959 13 January 2013, Vienna) was a Finnish architect, historian, critic and pedagogue. He initially studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki before switching to studying architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, graduating in 1985. He completed a PhD in architecture theory, with a thesis titled "Constructing Architecture", at Tampere University of Technology in 1992. His main theoretical position is characterized by studies in the ontology of architecture, defining the constructed nature of buildings as works of interpretation. As such a work may then be significantly determined by the period when it was created, a position that Jormakka critiqued through theories of Zeitgeist primarily associated with Friedrich Hegel and, in regard to modernist works, Arthur C. Danto. In "Eyes that do not see" (2011), the last published work during his lifetime, Jormakka applied these ideas to the theory of Functionalism best associated with the thinking of architect Le Corbusier and his fellow functionalists. Context_4 : GHI Media, LLC, doing business as Devolver Digital, is an American video game publisher and film distributor based in Austin, Texas, which is primarily associated with the "Serious Sam" and "Hotline Miami" series. The company was founded in March 2008 by former Gathering of Developers and Gamecock Media Group executives, Mike Wilson, Harry A. Miller IV, and Rick Stults. Context_5 : The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank (or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor), as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means, and accompanied by a chaperon, such as other family members, when they had come of age (about the age of 21 years old) . The custom flourished from about 1660, until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage. Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations, and from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans. The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the "Cook's Tour" of early mass tourism a byword. Context_6 : Tiki-taka (commonly spelled "tiqui-taca" ] in Spanish) is a style of play in football characterised by short passing and movement, working the ball through various channels, and maintaining possession. The style is primarily associated with La Liga club Barcelona, especially during the era of manager Pep Guardiola. Its development and influence goes back to Johan Cruyff's tenure as manager in the early 1990s all the way to the present. Tiki-Taka is also associated with the Spanish national team under managers Luis Aragones and Vicente del Bosque. Tiki-taka moves away from the traditional thinking of formations in football to a concept derived from zonal play. Context_7 : Black Spectre has two meanings in the Marvel Universe. The first Black Spectre is the name of a fictional organization which first appeared in "Daredevil" #108 (March 1974) and was created by writer Steve Gerber and penciller Bob Brown. It was a league of costumed female commandos, entranced by the Mandrill into doing his bidding, and led by Nekra. The second Black Spectre is a fictional supervillain who first appeared in "Moon Knight" #25 (November 1982) and was created by writer Doug Moench and penciller Bill Sienkiewicz. The character is one of the greatest enemies of the vigilante Moon Knight. Context_8 : Mars Black is an Omaha, Nebraska based hip-hop artist, born in Brooklyn, New York. Black takes his stage name from Mars Blackman, a character that appeared in Air Jordan commercials directed by Spike Lee in the 1980s. His debut album, "Folks Music", was released on Team Love Records in 2004 to mixed reviews. Black is the only rapper signed to Team Love, which is a label owned by Conor Oberst primarily associated with indie rock. He toured with such acts as Bright Eyes and The Faint in 2005. In 2008, he released his second full-length for Team Love, "Stay Black". Context_9 : Boleslav William Felix Robert Sienkiewicz ( ; born May 3, 1958), better known as Bill Sienkiewicz, is an Eisner Award-winning American artist who produces comic book art, primarily for Marvel Comics' "The New Mutants" and "". Sienkiewicz often utilizes oil painting, collage, mimeograph, and other forms generally uncommon in comic books. Context_10 : Bernard Baily (April 5, 1916 January 19, 1996) was an American comic book artist best known as co-creator of the DC Comics characters the Spectre and Hourman, and a comics publisher, writer, and editor. fact_1 : The second Black Spectre is a fictional supervillain who first appeared in "Moon Knight" #25 (November 1982) and was created by writer Doug Moench and penciller Bill Sienkiewicz. fact_2 : Boleslav William Felix Robert Sienkiewicz ( ; born May 3, 1958), better known as Bill Sienkiewicz, is an Eisner Award-winning American artist who produces comic book art, primarily for Marvel Comics' "The New Mutants" and "". Question: The artist who was a co-creator of the second Black Spectre is primarily associated with which publisher?

Ex Output:
Marvel Comics

Ex Input:
Context_1 : Von Braun Ferry Rocket was a concept design for a shuttle spacecraft that was developed by Wernher von Braun in a seminal series of early-1950s Collier's magazine articles, Man Will Conquer Space Soon! by Wernher von Braun "et al." The Ferry Rocket concept has evolved over time. Context_2 : Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 June 16, 1977) was a German, later American, aerospace engineer and space architect credited with inventing the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany and the Saturn V for the United States. He was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Germany and the father of rocket technology and space science in the United States. Context_3 : Man Will Conquer Space Soon! was the title of a famous series of 1950s magazine articles in "Collier's" detailing Wernher von Braun's plans for manned spaceflight. Edited by Cornelius Ryan, the individual articles were authored by such space notables of the time as Willy Ley, Fred Lawrence Whipple, Dr. Joseph Kaplan, Dr. Heinz Haber, and von Braun. The articles were illustrated with paintings and drawings by Chesley Bonestell, Fred Freeman, and Rolf Klep, some of the finest magazine illustrators of the time. Context_4 : The Von Braun Center for Science & Innovation (VCSI ) is a non-profit research and development organization based in Huntsville, Alabama and is named for pioneering aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun. VCSI is affiliated with NASA, Department of Defense and other federal government agencies. Context_5 : Magnus "Mac" Freiherr von Braun (10 May 1919 21 June 2003) was a German chemical engineer, Luftwaffe aviator, and rocket scientist at Peenemunde, the Mittelwerk, and after emigrating to the United States via Operation Paperclip, at Fort Bliss. He was the brother of Sigismund and Wernher von Braun. Context_6 : Mount Von Braun ( ) is a mountain (3,275m) located 4nautical miles (7km) south of Mount Sabine in the Admiralty Mountains. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 196063. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Wernher von Braun of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, a visitor at McMurdo Station, 196667. Context_7 : Helmut Grottrup (12 February 1916 5 July 1981) was a German engineer and rocket scientist. He was a manager for Wernher von Braun in the V-2 rocket program. During 1940, he was program manager for remote guidance and control at Peenemunde Army Research Center. In December 1940, he was made department head at Peenemunde Army Research Center under Ernst Steinhoff. Context_8 : von Braun, named after the rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun, is a lunar crater located near the northwestern limb of the Moon. It lies along the western edge of the Oceanus Procellarum, to the northeast of the crater Lavoisier. The northeastern rim of this crater is on the edge of the Sinus Roris, a bay feature in the northwestern part of the Oceanus Procellarum. Due to its proximity to the limb, this crater appears significantly foreshortened when viewed from the Earth. Context_9 : "Man and the Moon" is an episode of "Disneyland" which originally aired on December 28, 1955. It was directed by Disney animator Ward Kimball. It begins with a humorous look with a man's fascination with the Moon through animation. This segment features characteristics of the Moon depicted from William Shakespeare and children's nursery rhymes to lunar superstitions and scientific research. Then Kimball comes on with some information on the Moon, supplemented by graphics. Kimball then introduces Dr. Wernher Von Braun, who discusses plans for a trip around the Moon. Dr. Wernher Von Braun was employed as a technical consultant on this film by Walt Disney, and on a number of other Disney films. He had a great knowledge of rockets, as he had helped to develop the V-2 rocket while working for Nazi Germany. Context_10 : Institute RABE (Missile Construction and Development in Bleichenrode) was a Soviet missile research group created to recreate the A-4 flight control system with the help of German rocket specialists. It was created in July 1945 and originally consisted of 12 Germans under Major Boris Chertok and Lieutenant Colonel Aleksey Mikhaylovich Isayev. The Institute RABE was also created with the purpose of recruiting German rocket specialists to aid in current and future Soviet rocket development. This mission had to be kept secret, as the border with American-controlled territory was only 6 km away from the institute. By the end of August, the institute had settled into their headquarters (the former mansion of Wernher von Braun). Late in the fall of 1945 the institute successfully completed their most important covert operation when they retrieved Helmut Grottrup (the deputy for the electrical system and missile control) from American territory along with his family. In February 1946 the Institute RABE was absorbed into the larger Institute Nordhausen, which had the goal of recreating the entire German A-4 rocket. fact_1 : He was a manager for Wernher von Braun in the V-2 rocket program. fact_2 : Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 June 16, 1977) was a German, later American, aerospace engineer and space architect credited with inventing the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany and the Saturn V for the United States. Question: What program was Wernher von Braun credited with inventing and did Helmut Grottrup help in managing?

Ex Output:
V2 rocket program