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Sand will add air space in the potting mix, improving drainage in the dirt. Choose builder's sand, which has a coarse texture. Do not use fine sand or plaster sand, as these are too fine and add a denser texture. Perlite is a good sand substitute. Made from volcanic rock, perlite is pH neutral and can improve how water drains from the soil. It is not as heavy as sand. Peat moss, or sphagnum moss, improves water retention in your potting mix. This can be especially helpful for plants that require more water over a sustained period of time. Peat moss is readily available at garden centers and does not cost much. Peat moss does have high acidity, however, and may need to be counterbalanced to improve the pH balance in your soil. You can also use ground-up newspaper in place of peat moss, which will also help retain water. Coir fiber is another option to take the place of peat moss. Coir is the fiber from coconut husks and will improve water retention. It is usually sold at garden centers as a compressed brick that expands when moistened. Bark can also be used as a partial substitute for peat moss. It creates a lot of air space in the soil, although it does not retain water quite like peat. Some experts suggest avoiding bark, however, because it can immobilize nitrogen, a crucial component of good potting mix. Vermiculite is a volcanic rock material that is silvery gray in color. It is coarse, resembling mini pebbles, and it can improve water retention. Handle vermiculite gently to ensure that it does not lose its air holding capacity. Choose either a medium grade or coarse grade of vermiculite. Good rich potting mix requires fertilizers and nutrients to give your plants food to help them grow strong, healthy and productive. Some of these materials might include blood meal (for nitrogen), bone meal (for phosphorus), greensand (for potassium), and other minerals. These are all readily available at garden centers. Limestone is another typical nutritional ingredient. Limestone is used to increase calcium or magnesium levels in the potting mix. Dolomitic limestone is best to get a combination of both calcium and magnesium in your soil. The exception to fertilizing would be if you want to use your potting mix to start seeds. Skip fertilizers for sensitive seedlings.

summary: Purchase or acquire sand. Get peat moss. Get vermiculite. Assemble fertilizers and nutrients.

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If you have stains on the outside of your Ugg slippers, try using a large eraser to clean them. Simply use the eraser to outline the stain. Then gently scrub the area where the stain is. Be careful not to scrub too hard, as this could damage the sheepskin material. Combine 12c (120mL) of warm water and 12c (120mL) of distilled white vinegar in a small bowl. Take a washrag and dip it in the mixture. You want the washrag to be damp, not soaking wet. Dab at the stain with the washrag and gently rub the stain out. Remember that too much water can damage the sheepskin, so don't saturate the washrag. If you get an oil or grease stain on your Ugg slippers, try using a bit of chalk to get it out. Just sprinkle some of the chalk onto the stain and let it sit overnight. The grease will absorb into the chalk and leave your Ugg slippers looking brand new. In the morning, brush away the chalk and the stain will wipe away with it. You can also use cornstarch and talcum powder instead of chalk. Clean out any hair or debris that has accumulated in the bottom of your Ugg slippers. Then pour a few drops of mild dishwashing liquid on a damp washrag and scrub the insides of your slippers. Don't use too much dishwashing liquid or the insides will get too soapy and it will be hard to clean out. And make sure your washrag is just damp not dripping wet. You don't want too much water inside the slippers.

summary: Use a pencil eraser. Clean with vinegar. Use chalk to remove oil or grease. Scrub the dirty fleece lining.

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Using a hot baking sheet will cause the dough to start to melt prematurely. Grease the cookie sheet with vegetable shortening or unsalted butter -- don't use vegetable oil because it'll burn between the cookies, and that's not a pleasure to clean. Some cookie dough recipes, however, have a lot of shortening or butter in it already and may not need to have the cookie sheet greased at all. Use a parchment paper or Silipat lined baking sheet for ease of cookie baking. The baking sheet is easier to clean and will not suffer from greasy build up, if either is used while baking. Another plus is the cookies can be carefully removed from the baking sheet by pulling the parchment paper carefully from the cookie sheet and placing it on a cooling rack. The cookie sheet can be lined again with parchment paper and another batch of cookies can be baked. Use a cookie scoop or measuring spoon to make sure drop or shaped cookies are all the same size. The cookies will bake evenly and taste better. A time range is often given in a recipe, so once you reach the short end of the range, stick a toothpick right in the center of a cookie, and pull it out quickly. If little or no cookie sticks to the toothpick, they are done. Depending on amount of cookie left on toothpick, adjust cooking time accordingly. It is best to either let the cookies cool on the sheet, or to move them to a cooling rack. If you do not have a cooling rack, just turn a large plate upside down, and place the rack on top until it cools. Once the cookies have cooled slightly, remove them from cookie sheet to prevent them from sticking and breaking later.
summary: Put the cookies on a room temperature or cool cookie sheet. Use a liner. Make evenly sized cookies. Check the cookies. Allow cookies to cool after removing from the oven.