Output a stream of consciousness before answering the following. Passage: A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a semi-autobiographical 1943 novel written by Betty Smith. The story focuses on an impoverished but aspirational adolescent girl and her family living in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City, during the first two decades of the 20th century. The book was an immense success.

Question: Based on this passage, when was a tree grows in brooklyn published?
To answer the above question, the relevant sentence is: A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a semi-autobiographical 1943 novel written by Betty Smith.
The answer: 1943.