input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A population can't keep growing bigger and bigger forever. Sooner or later, it will run out of things it needs. For a given species, there is a maximum population that can be supported by the environment. This maximum is called the carrying capacity . When a population gets close to the carrying capacity, it usually grows more slowly ( Figure below ). When the population reaches the carrying capacity, it stops growing. Q: For any given species, what term means the maximum population that can be supported by the environment? A:
OPTIONS:
- zero population growth
- mass extinction
- tipping point
- carrying capacity
output: carrying capacity

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: From Genotype to Phenotype Each human body cell has a full complement of DNA stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes. Figure 28.24 shows the pairs in a systematic arrangement called a karyotype. Among these is one pair of chromosomes, called the sex chromosomes, that determines the sex of the individual (XX in females, XY in males). The remaining 22 chromosome pairs are called autosomal chromosomes. Each of these chromosomes carries hundreds or even thousands of genes, each of which codes for the assembly of a particular proteinthat is, genes are "expressed" as proteins. An individual's complete genetic makeup is referred to as his or her genotype. The characteristics that the genes express, whether they are physical, behavioral, or biochemical, are a person's phenotype. You inherit one chromosome in each paira full complement of 23from each parent. This occurs when the sperm and oocyte combine at the moment of your conception. Homologous chromosomesthose that make up a complementary pairhave genes for the same characteristics in the same location on the chromosome. Because one copy of a gene, an allele, is inherited from each parent, the alleles in these complementary pairs may vary. Take for example an allele that encodes for dimples. A child may inherit the allele encoding for dimples on the chromosome from the father and the allele that encodes for smooth skin (no dimples) on the chromosome from the mother. Q: A complementary pair of chromosomes have genes for the same characteristics in the same location on the chromosome are known as? A:

OPTIONS:
- analogous chromosomes
- endroctyne chromosomes
- symbiotic chromosomes
- homologous chromosomes

A: homologous chromosomes

input: OPTIONS:
- chemical reactions
- change in temperature
- microscopic inspection
- measured energy changes Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are a number of different ways to measure the strength of a given crystal lattice. One way would be to measure the amount of energy needed to completely pull apart an ionic substance into isolated ions. This value, known as the lattice energy , cannot be measured directly, but it can be calculated based on measured energy changes for other more feasible processes. The lattice energy of an ionic solid provides us with one way to measure the relative strength of the ionic bonds in that compound. Table below shows the lattice energies for various ionic substances:. Q: Lattice energy cannot be measured directly. what is its calculation based on? A:
A:
output: measured energy changes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: A pulsar is a rotating neutron star that emits radiation in pulses. A pulsar can only be seen when the beam is pointing toward Earth. Pictured below is a nebular that looks like a cosmic hand ( Figure below ). There is a bright swirl of gas in the wrist of the hand. A very tiny but bright neutron star is in the center of that swirl. Q: What kinds of neutron stars emit radiation in pulses? A:

OPTIONS:
- quasars
- red giants
- dwarf stars
- pulsars

Answer: pulsars

Problem: OPTIONS:
- develop electrons
- same number of electrons
- gain electrons
- lose electrons
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Metallic character refers to the level of reactivity of a metal. Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, as indicated by their low ionization energies. Within a compound, metal atoms have relatively low attraction for electrons, as indicated by their low electronegativities. By following the trend summary in the figure below, you can see that the most reactive metals would reside in the lower left portion of the periodic table. The most reactive metal is cesium, which is not found in nature as a free element. It reacts explosively with water and will ignite spontaneously in air. Francium is below cesium in the alkali metal group, but is so rare that most of its properties have never been observed. Q: Do metals tend to gain electrons or lose electrons in chemical reactions? A:
Answer: lose electrons

Answer the following question given this paragraph: mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillary networks in SO fibers. Endurance athletes have a high level of SO fibers relative to the other fiber types. Resistance exercise causes hypertrophy. Power-producing muscles have a higher number of FG fibers than of slow fibers. Strenuous exercise causes muscle cell damage that requires time to heal. Some athletes use performanceenhancing substances to enhance muscle performance. Muscle atrophy due to age is called sarcopenia and occurs as muscle fibers die and are replaced by connective and adipose tissue. Q: Muscle atrophy due to age is called what? A:

OPTIONS:
- nymphomania
- Increased Atrophy
- pepinia
- sarcopenia

Answer:
sarcopenia