In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Let me give you an example: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
The answer to this example can be: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Here is why: It's a correct title because the paragraph described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.

OK. solve this:
Loperamide is an antidiarrheal drug that targets -opioid receptors and calcium channels. A previous report demonstrated that loperamide induces autophagy and enhances antimicrobial activity towards M. tuberculosis in murine and human alveolar macrophages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of loperamide on macrophages with respect to cytokine and antimicrobial peptide production during mycobacterial infection. We infected monocyte-derived macrophages (macrophages) with M. tuberculosis H37Rv at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 and treated the cells with 3 M loperamide. Cytokine production in the supernatants of 24-h cultures and gene expression of the cytokines TNF, IL1 and IL10 and the antimicrobial peptides LL37 and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) in the cell lysates was measured. Intracellular bacterial loads were evaluated by enumerating colony-forming units 3 days posttreatment for M. tuberculosis and 24 h posttreatment for M. smegmatis. We observed that loperamide exerted an immunomodulatory effect on TNF production in human macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis and that these responses were independent of the bacteria, as they also occurred when macrophages were infected with M. smegmatis and to a lesser extent with M. bovis. In addition, antibacterial mechanisms triggered by loperamide induced a significant reduction in bacterial load and an upregulation of BPI and LL37 gene expression. Thus, our results show that loperamide exerts immunomodulatory effects, which supports its use for additional medical conditions other than diarrhea.
Answer:
Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity induced by loperamide in mycobacterial infections