Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.

Input: Consider Input: Passage: Chemistry is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms. Answer: chemistry

Output: What branch of science is based on the modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of atoms?

Input: Consider Input: Passage: In sexually reproducing organisms, parents pass a copy of each type of chromosome to their offspring by producing gametes. When gametes are fertilized and form offspring, each has a unique combination of chromosomes and genes from both parents. The inherited gene combination determines the characteristics of the offspring. Answer: chromosome

Output: In sexually reproducing organisms, parents pass a copy of each type of what to their offspring by producing gametes?

Input: Consider Input: Passage: The second stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma surrounding the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The reactions of this stage can occur without light, so they are sometimes called light-independent or dark reactions. This stage of photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin cycle because its reactions were discovered by a scientist named Melvin Calvin. He won a Nobel Prize in 1961 for this important discovery. Answer: calvin cycle
Output: Which cycle is named after the scientist melvin calvin?