input: OPTIONS:
- yeast
- soil
- proteins
- fungi Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Foresters commonly inoculate pine seedlings with a type of what to promote growth? A:
A:
output: fungi

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Observational learning is learning by watching and copying the behavior of someone else. Human children learn many behaviors this way. When you were a young child, you may have learned how to tie your shoes by watching your dad tie his shoes. More recently, you may have learned how to dance by watching a pop star dancing on TV. Most likely, you have learned how to do math problems by watching your teachers do problems on the board at school. Can you think of other behaviors you have learned by watching and copying other people?. Q: What is the term for learning by watching and copying the behavior of someone else? A:

OPTIONS:
- consequential learning
- associative learning
- classical conditioning
- observational learning

Answer: observational learning

Problem: OPTIONS:
- salty
- bitter
- sour
- sweet
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Salty taste is simply the perception of sodium ions (Na+) in the saliva. When you eat something salty, the salt crystals dissociate into the component ions Na+ and Cl, which dissolve into the saliva in your mouth. The Na+ concentration becomes high outside the gustatory cells, creating a strong concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of the ion into the cells. The entry of Na+ into these cells results in the depolarization of the cell membrane and the generation of a receptor potential. Sour taste is the perception of H+ concentration. Just as with sodium ions in salty flavors, these hydrogen ions enter the cell and trigger depolarization. Sour flavors are, essentially, the perception of acids in our food. Increasing hydrogen ion concentrations in the saliva (lowering saliva pH) triggers progressively stronger graded potentials in the gustatory cells. For example, orange juicewhich contains citric acidwill taste sour because it has a pH value of approximately 3. Of course, it is often sweetened so that the sour taste is masked. The first two tastes (salty and sour) are triggered by the cations Na+ and H+. The other tastes result from food molecules binding to a G proteincoupled receptor. A G protein signal transduction system ultimately leads to depolarization of the gustatory cell. The sweet taste is the sensitivity of gustatory cells to the presence of glucose dissolved in the saliva. Other monosaccharides such as fructose, or artificial sweeteners such as aspartame (NutraSweet™️), saccharine, or sucralose (Splenda™️) also activate the sweet receptors. The affinity for each of these molecules varies, and some will taste sweeter than glucose because they bind to the G proteincoupled receptor differently. Bitter taste is similar to sweet in that food molecules bind to G proteincoupled receptors. However, there are a number of different ways in which this can happen because there are a large diversity of bitter-tasting molecules. Some bitter molecules depolarize gustatory cells, whereas others... Q: Just as salty taste involves perception of sodium ions in saliva, what taste correlates with presence of glucose? A:
Answer: sweet

Problem:OPTIONS:
- biological nutrient fixation
- biological ammonia fixation
- biological respiratory fixation
- biological nitrogen fixation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 31.3 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants Atmospheric nitrogen is the largest pool of available nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. However, plants cannot use this nitrogen because they do not have the necessary enzymes. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. The most important source of BNF is the symbiotic interaction between soil bacteria and legumes. The bacteria form nodules on the legume's roots in which nitrogen fixation takes place. Fungi form symbiotic associations (mycorrhizae) with plants, becoming integrated into the physical structure of the root. Through mycorrhization, the plant obtains minerals from the soil and the fungus obtains photosynthate from the plant root. Ectomycorrhizae form an extensive dense sheath around the root, while endomycorrhizae are embedded within the root tissue. Some plantsparasites, saprophytes, symbionts, epiphytes, and insectivoreshave evolved adaptations to obtain their organic or mineral nutrition from various sources. Q: What process refers to the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia? A:
****
A: biological nitrogen fixation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Anions form when an atom gains electrons. Nonmetallic atoms typically gain enough electrons to obtain the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas. All the elements in Group 17 have seven valence electrons, which are arranged into an outer configuration of n s 2 n p 5 . To achieve a noble gas configuration ( n s 2 n p 6 ), each of these elements needs to gain just one electron, resulting in an anion with a 1 charge. Similarly, Group 16 elements can obtain an n s 2 n p 6 valence configuration by forming ions with a 2 charge, and the Group 15 nonmetals will form ions with a 3 charge. Naming anions is slightly different than naming cations. The end of the element's name is dropped and replaced with the ide suffix. For example, when the chlorine atom (Cl) gains one electron, it becomes the chloride ion (Cl - ). This structure has the same electron configuration as the noble gas argon. Similarly, sulfur can gain two electrons to become the sulfide ion (S 2- ), which also has a noble gas configuration. Q: What forms when an atom gains electrons? A:
OPTIONS:
- cations
- bonds
- crystals
- anions
anions

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cubes have six sides that are all the same size square. All of the angles in a cube are equal to 90. Rhombohedra also have six sides, but the sides are diamond-shaped. Octahedra have eight sides that are all shaped like triangles. Q: What shape are the eight sides of an octahedra? A:
OPTIONS:
- rectangles
- hexagon
- square
- triangles

Answer:
triangles