In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Breast Cancer and Environmental
Research Act of 2005''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds as follows:
(1) Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer
deaths among American women.
(2) More women in the United States are living with breast
cancer than any other cancer (excluding skin cancer).
Approximately 3,000,000 women in the United States are living
with breast cancer, about 2,000,000 of which have been
diagnosed and an estimated 1,000,000 who do not yet know that
they have the disease.
(3) Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer
among women in the United States and worldwide (excluding skin
cancer). In 2005, it is estimated that 269,730 new cases of
breast cancer will be diagnosed among women in the United
States, 211,240 invasive breast cancers and 58,490 cases of
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
(4) Approximately 40,410 women in the United States will
die from the disease in 2005. Breast cancer is the leading
cause of cancer death for women in the United States between
the ages of 20 and 59, and the leading cause of cancer death
for women worldwide.
(5) A woman who lives into her 80s in the United States has
a 1 in 7 chance of developing invasive breast cancer in her
lifetime. This risk was 1 in 11 in 1975. In 2005, a new case of
breast cancer will be diagnosed every 2 minutes and a woman
will die from breast cancer every 13 minutes.
(6) All women are at risk for breast cancer. About 90
percent of women who develop breast cancer do not have a family
history of the disease.
(7) The National Action Plan on Breast Cancer, a public
private partnership, has recognized the importance of expanding
the scope and breadth of biomedical, epidemiological, and
behavioral research activities related to the etiology of
breast cancer and the role of the environment.
(8) To date, there has been only a limited research
investment to expand the scope or coordinate efforts across
disciplines or work with the community to study the role of the
environment in the development of breast cancer.
(9) In 2003, the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences awarded grants to four research centers to begin to
study the prenatal-to-adult environmental exposures that may
predispose a woman to breast cancer. The currently funded
research is examining the mammary tissue in animals and young
girls and study the subjects' life exposures to environmental,
nutritional, and social factors that impact menarche. Early
menarche, beginning menstruation before the age of 12, has been
shown to increase breast cancer risk later in life.
(10) The National Cancer Institute and the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences have paired together
to make those four centers possible. The two institutes work
well together, combining their respective areas of expertise to
the best advantage of the research.
(11) In order to take full advantage of the tremendous
potential for avenues of prevention, the Federal investment in
the role of the environment and the development of breast
cancer should be expanded. The research conducted at the four
centers, while critically important, is one small facet of the
many issues that must be addressed in order to gauge the link
between environmental factors and breast cancer.
(12) In order to understand the effect of chemicals and
radiation on the development of cancer, multi-generational,
prospective studies are probably required.

SEC. 3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES; AWARDS FOR
DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF RESEARCH CENTERS REGARDING
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATED TO BREAST CANCER.

Subpart 12 of part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 285l et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following
section:

''SEC. 463C. RESEARCH CENTERS REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATED
TO BREAST CANCER.

''(a) In General.--The Director of the Institute, based on
recommendations from the Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Panel
established under subsection (b) (referred to in this section as the
'Panel'), shall make grants, after a process of peer review and
programmatic review, to public or nonprofit private entities for the
development and operation of not more than 8 centers for the purpose of
conducting multidisciplinary and multi-institutional research on
environmental factors that may be related to the etiology of breast
cancer. Each such center shall be known as a Breast Cancer and
Environmental Research Center of Excellence.
''(b) Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Panel.--
''(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish in the
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences a Breast Cancer and
Environmental Research Panel.
''(2) Composition.--The Panel shall be composed of--
''(A) 9 members to be appointed by the Secretary,
of which--
''(i) six members shall be appointed from
among physicians, and other health
professionals, who--
''(I) are not officers or employees
of the United States;
''(II) represent multiple
disciplines, including clinical, basic,
and public health sciences;
''(III) represent different
geographical regions of the United
States;
''(IV) are from practice settings
or academia or other research settings;
and
''(V) are experienced in biomedical
review; and
''(ii) three members shall be appointed
from the general public who are representatives
of individuals who have had breast cancer and
who represent a constituency; and
''(B) such nonvoting, ex officio members as the
Secretary determines to be appropriate.
''(3) Chairperson.--The members of the Panel appointed
under paragraph (2)(A) shall select a chairperson from among
such members.
''(4) Meetings.--The Panel shall meet at the call of the
chairperson or upon the request of the Director, but in no case
less often than once each year.
''(5) Duties.--The Panel shall--
''(A) oversee the peer review process for the
awarding of grants under subsection (a) and conduct the
programmatic review under such subsection;
''(B) make recommendations with respect to the
funding criteria and mechanisms under which amounts
will be allocated under this section; and
''(C) make final programmatic recommendations with
respect to grants under this section.
''(c) Collaboration With Community.--Each center under subsection
(a) shall establish and maintain ongoing collaborations with community
organizations in the geographic area served by the center, including
those that represent women with breast cancer.
''(d) Coordination of Centers; Reports.--The Director of the
Institute shall, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of
information among centers under subsection (a) and ensure regular
communication between such centers, and may require the periodic
preparation of reports on the activities of the centers and the
submission of the reports to the Director.
''(e) Required Consortium.--Each center under subsection (a) shall
be formed from a consortium of cooperating institutions, meeting such
requirements as may be prescribed by the Director of the Institute.
Each center shall require collaboration among highly accomplished
scientists, other health professionals and advocates of diverse
backgrounds from various areas of expertise.
''(f) Duration of Support.--Support of a center under subsection
(a) may be for a period not exceeding 5 years. Such period may be
extended for one or more additional periods not exceeding 5 years if
the operations of such center have been reviewed by an appropriate
technical and scientific peer review group established by the Director
of the Institute and if such group has recommended to the Director that
such period should be extended.
''(g) Geographic Distribution of Centers.--The Director of the
Institute shall, to the extent practicable, provide for an equitable
geographical distribution of centers under this section.
''(h) Innovative Approaches.--Each center under subsection (a)
shall use innovative approaches to study unexplored or under-explored
areas of the environment and breast cancer.
''(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000
for each of the fiscal years 2006 through 2011. Such authorization is
in addition to any other authorization of appropriations that is
available for such purpose.''.

Answer: Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Act of 2005 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to make grants to public or nonprofit private entities for the development and operation of not more than eight centers to conduct multidisciplinary and multi-institutional research on environmental factors that may be related to the etiology of breast cancer. Requires each such center to: (1) be known as a Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Center of Excellence; (2) establish ongoing collaborations with community organizations; (3) be formed from a consortium of cooperating institutions; (4) be supported under this Act for a period of not more than five years with additional periods allowed after review and recommendation; and (5) use innovative approaches to study unexplored areas of the environment and breast cancer.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Panel to make recommendations for and to review grants awarded under this Act.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act
of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:
(1) It is in the highest strategic interest of the United
States to field a fully operational missile defense system to
defend against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBMs) of rogue nations, including North Korea and Iran.
(2) In the past year, the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea tested a nuclear weapon and an intercontinental ballistic
missile and has made claims that it now possesses the ability
to miniaturize a nuclear warhead.
(3) The ground-based midcourse defense (GMD) element of the
ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) is one of the most
critical capabilities needed to defend the United States
against threats from intercontinental ballistic missiles,
conventional and nuclear.
(4) The test program of the Missile Defense Agency provides
vital data to demonstrate the operational effectiveness,
suitability, and survivability of the ballistic missile defense
system, and it contributes to United States nonproliferation
goals by sending a very credible message to the international
community on the ability of the United States to defeat
ballistic missiles in flight, thus reducing their value to
potential adversaries.

SEC. 3. REQUIRED TESTING BY MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY OF GROUND-BASED
MIDCOURSE DEFENSE ELEMENT OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE
SYSTEM.

(a) Testing Required.--Except as provided in subsection (c), not
less frequently than once each fiscal year, the Director of the Missile
Defense Agency shall administer an intercept flight test of the ground-
based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense
system.
(b) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that each test carried
out under subsection (a) provides, when possible, for one or more of
the following:
(1) Validation of the operational effectiveness of the
ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile
defense system.
(2) Use of assets in their operational configuration
against an inventory of targets to assess all aspects of
ground-based midcourse defense elements of the ballistic
missile defense system performance in a variety of flight test
regimes.
(3) Use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints.
(4) Evaluation of new concepts of operations and exercising
tactics, techniques, and procedures.
(5) Mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the
Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse
defense element of the ballistic missile defense system, its
hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its inherent operational
capability.
(c) Exceptions.--
(1) Nonintercept test.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that conducting the
test would--
(A) jeopardize national security;
(B) not be successful due to specific ground-based
midcourse defense components needing a nonintercept
test; and
(C) likely lead to failure due to impractical time
considerations.
(2) Funding.--The Director may forgo a test under
subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director, determines that the test is not
sufficiently funded.
(3) National security waiver.--
(A) In general.--The Director may forgo a test
under subsection (a) in a fiscal year if the Secretary
of Defense, in consultation with the Director of the
Missile Defense Agency, Director of National
Intelligence, and the Commander of United States
Northern Command (NORTHCOM), determines that the
provision of testing as described in that subsection is
detrimental to the national security interests of the
United States.
(B) Notice required.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days
after forgoing a test pursuant to subparagraph
(A), the Secretary shall submit to the
congressional defense committees notice
regarding the foregone test.
(ii) Elements.--Notice submitted under
clause (i) shall include the following:
(I) The rationale for forgoing the
test.
(II) The national security
interests of the United States
preventing the test.
(III) A plan to complete the
intercept test in the following fiscal
year, which does not affect testing in
following fiscal years.
(iii) Form.--Each notice under clause (ii)
shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but
may include a classified annex.
(d) Congressional Defense Committees Defined.--In this section, the
term ''congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.

Answer: Missile Defense Defend and Deter Act of 2016 This bill requires the Department of Defense (DOD) Missile Defense Agency to administer an intercept flight test of the ground-based midcourse defense element of the ballistic missile defense system at least once each fiscal year. Each test shall provide for: validation of the defense element's operational effectiveness; use of assets in their operational configuration against an inventory of targets to assess performance in a variety of flight test regimes; use of operational doctrine and real-world constraints; evaluation of new concepts of operations, tactics, and techniques; and mechanisms to assure the confidence of members of the Armed Forces in the basic design of the ground-based midcourse defense element, its hit-to-kill effectiveness, and its operational capability. The Agency may forgo a test if: it would jeopardize national security, not be successful due to specific ground-based midcourse defense components needing a non-intercept test, and likely fail due to impractical time considerations; or funding is insufficient. The Agency also may forgo a test if DOD determines that the testing is detrimental to U.S. national security interests and provides notice to Congress.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Small Business Fair Treatment Act of
1995''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
TITLE I--REGULATORY SIMPLIFICATION AND VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE

Sec. 101. Definitions.
Sec. 102. Compliance guides.
Sec. 103. No action letter.
Sec. 104. Voluntary self-audits.
TITLE II--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 201. Performance measures.
Sec. 202. Grace period for correction of violations of Environmental
Protection Agency regulations.
Sec. 203. Waiver of punitive fines for small entities.

TITLE I--REGULATORY SIMPLIFICATION AND VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE

SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Compliance guide.--The term ''compliance guide'' means
a publication made by a covered agency under section 102(a).
(2) Covered agency.--The term ''covered agency'' means any
agency that, on the date of enactment of this Act, has
promulgated any rule for which a regulatory flexibility
analysis was required under section 605 of title 5, United
States Code, and any other agency that promulgates any such
rule, as of the date of enactment of this Act.
(3) No action letter.--The term ''no action letter'' means
a written determination from a covered agency stating that,
based on a no action request submitted to the agency by a small
entity, the agency will not take enforcement action against the
small entity under the rules of the covered agency.
(4) No action request.--The term ''no action request''
means a written correspondence submitted by a small entity to a
covered agency--
(A) stating a set of facts; and
(B) requesting a determination by the agency of
whether the agency would take an enforcement action
against the small entity based on such facts and the
application of any rule of the agency.
(5) Rule.--The term ''rule'' has the same meaning as in
section 601(2) of title 5, United States Code.
(6) Small entity.--The term ''small entity'' has the same
meaning as in section 601(6) of title 5, United States Code.
(7) Small business concern.--The term ''small business
concern'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Small
Business Act.
(8) Voluntary self-audit.--The term ''voluntary self-
audit'' means an audit, assessment, or review of any operation,
practice, or condition of a small entity that--
(A) is initiated by an officer, employee, or agent
of the small entity; and
(B) is not required by law.

SEC. 102. COMPLIANCE GUIDES.

(a) Compliance Guide.--
(1) Publication.--If a covered agency is required to
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis for a rule or group
of related rules under section 603 of title 5, United States
Code, the agency shall publish a compliance guide for such rule
or group of related rules.
(2) Requirements.--Each compliance guide published under
paragraph (1) shall--
(A) contain a summary description of the rule or
group of related rules;
(B) contain a citation to the location of the
complete rule or group of related rules in the Federal
Register;
(C) provide notice to small entities of the
requirements under the rule or group of related rules
and explain the actions that a small entity is required
to take to comply with the rule or group of related
rules;
(D) be written in a manner to be understood by the
average owner or manager of a small entity; and
(E) be updated as required to reflect changes in
the rule.
(b) Dissemination.--
(1) In general.--Each covered agency shall establish a
system to ensure that compliance guides required under this
section are published, disseminated, and made easily available
to small entities.
(2) Small business development centers.--In carrying out
this subsection, each covered agency shall provide sufficient
numbers of compliance guides to small business development
centers for distribution to small businesses concerns.
(c) Limitation on Enforcement.--
(1) In general.--No covered agency may bring an enforcement
action in any Federal court or in any Federal administrative
proceeding against a small entity to enforce a rule for which a
compliance guide is not published and disseminated by the
covered agency as required under this section.
(2) Effective dates.--This subsection shall take effect--
(A) 1 year after the date of the enactment of this
Act with regard to a final regulation in effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act; and
(B) on the date of the enactment of this Act with
regard to a regulation that takes effect as a final
regulation after such date of enactment.

SEC. 103. NO ACTION LETTER.

(a) Application.--This section applies to all covered agencies,
except--
(1) the Federal Trade Commission;
(2) the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; and
(3) the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
(b) Issuance of No Action Letter.--Not later than 90 days after the
date on which a covered agency receives a no action request, the agency
shall--
(1) make a determination regarding whether to grant the no
action request, deny the no action request, or seek further
information regarding the no action request; and
(2) if the agency makes a determination under paragraph (1)
to grant the no action request, issue a no action letter and
transmit the letter to the requesting small entity.
(c) Reliance on No Action Letter or Compliance Guide.--In any
enforcement action brought by a covered agency in any Federal court or
Federal administrative proceeding against a small entity, the small
entity shall have a complete defense to any allegation of noncompliance
or violation of a rule if the small entity affirmatively pleads and
proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the act or omission
constituting the alleged noncompliance or violation was taken in good
faith with and in reliance on--
(1) a no action letter from that agency; or
(2) a compliance guide of the applicable rule published by
the agency under section 102(a).

SEC. 104. VOLUNTARY SELF-AUDITS.

(a) Procedures.--Each agency shall establish voluntary self-audit
procedures for small entities regulated by the agency.
(b) Inadmissibility of Evidence and Limitation on Discovery.--If
action to address a violation is taken not later than 180 days after
the date on which a voluntary self-audit is concluded, the evidence
described in subsection (c)--
(1) shall not be admissible, unless agreed to by the small
entity, in any enforcement action brought against a small
entity by a Federal agency in any Federal--
(A) court; or
(B) administrative proceeding; and
(2) may not be the subject of discovery in any enforcement
action brought against a small entity by a Federal agency in
any Federal--
(A) court; or
(B) administrative proceeding.
(c) Application.--For purposes of subsection (b), the evidence
described in this subsection is--
(1) a voluntary self-audit made in good faith; and
(2) any report, finding, opinion, or any other oral or
written communication made in good faith relating to such
voluntary self-audit.
(d) Exceptions.--Subsection (b) shall not apply if--
(1) the act or omission that forms the basis of the
enforcement action is a violation of criminal law; or
(2) the voluntary self-audit or the report, finding,
opinion, or other oral or written communication was prepared
for the purpose of avoiding disclosure of information required
for an investigative, administrative, or judicial proceeding
that, at the time of preparation, was imminent or in progress.

TITLE II--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 201. PERFORMANCE MEASURES.

No covered agency shall establish or enforce agency personnel
practices that reward agency employees, directly or indirectly, based
on the number of contacts made with small entities in pursuit of
enforcement actions or on the amount of fines levied against small
entities to enforce agency regulations.

SEC. 202. GRACE PERIOD FOR CORRECTION OF VIOLATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY REGULATIONS.

(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), for violations of
regulations identified on or after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall afford
small entities 180 days after the date on which the violation is
identified to correct such violation.
(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply--
(1) if the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency determines that there is an imminent risk to public
health or worker safety; or
(2) to a violation of a regulation for which criminal
liability may be imposed.

SEC. 203. WAIVER OF PUNITIVE FINES FOR SMALL ENTITIES.

Notwithstanding any other law, policy, or practice, a covered
agency may waive all or part of a punitive fine that would otherwise be
imposed on a small entity if--
(1) the fine is for a first time violation of a law or
regulation; and
(2) the small entity acts quickly and in good faith to
correct the violation.

Answer:
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Title I: Regulatory Simplification and Voluntary Compliance
Title II: Miscellaneous Provisions
Small Business Fair Treatment Act of 1995 -
Title I: Regulatory Simplification and Voluntary Compliance
- Directs a Federal regulatory agency that is required to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis for a rule or group of related rules to publish a compliance guide which: (1) contains a summary of the rules and a citation as to their location; (2) provides a notice to small businesses (small entities) of such rules as well as an understandable explanation of actions necessary for compliance; and (3) is updated as required. Requires such guide to be disseminated to small entities, as well as to small business development centers. Prohibits any covered agency from bringing an action against a small entity to enforce a rule for which such a guide has not been published and disseminated.
(Sec. 103) Requires covered agencies other than the Federal Trade Commission, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission to determine within 90 days whether to grant or deny a request by a small entity that no action be taken against such entity with respect to the enforcement of a rule (no action request). Allows a small entity to rely on a no action response from a covered agency in any subsequent action brought against the small entity for a rule's enforcement.
(Sec. 104) Requires each covered agency to establish voluntary self-audit procedures for small entities regulated by the agency. Makes inadmissible as evidence in an action, as well as outside the bounds of discovery, any information compiled by a small entity in a voluntary self-audit, as long as an action to address such violation is brought within 180 days after the conclusion of the self-audit.
Title II: Miscellaneous Provisions
- Prohibits any covered agency from establishing personnel practices that reward its employees based on the number of contacts made with small entities in pursuit of enforcement actions or the levy of fines to enforce agency regulations.
(Sec. 202) Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to afford small entities a 180-day grace period for the correction of EPA violations, with exceptions.
(Sec. 203) Authorizes a covered agency to waive all or part of any punitive fine that would otherwise be imposed on a small entity: (1) for a first time violation; and (2) if the small entity acts quickly and in good faith to correct the violation.