Article: The fewer people you have sex with, the lower the chance that one of them has HIV. The lowest risk comes in a "closed" relationship where the people involved only have sex with each other. Even then, get tested and follow safe sex practices. There is always the chance that someone is unfaithful. These activities carry almost no risk of transmitting HIV, even if one person involved has the virus: Erotic massage Masturbation or hand jobs (hand-to-penis), without sharing bodily fluids Using sex toys on your partner, without sharing them. For added safety, put a new condom on the toy for each use, and wash thoroughly afterward. Finger-vagina or finger-anus contact. There is a chance of transmission if the finger has a cut or scrape. Increase safety with medical gloves and water-based lubricant. There is significant risk of infection if you perform oral sex on an HIV-positive person's penis. It is rare, but not impossible, to get HIV from someone using their mouth on your penis or vagina, or from performing oral sex on a vagina. Take these precautions to minimize this risk, and avoid other diseases: If a penis is involved, put a condom over it. Latex condoms are the most effective, followed by polyurethane. Do not use sheepskin condoms. Use flavored condoms if you need to improve the taste. If a vagina or anus is involved, hold a dental dam over it. If you don't have one, cut open a non-lubricated condom or use a natural rubber latex sheet. Don't allow someone to ejaculate into your mouth. Consider avoiding oral sex during menstruation. Avoid flossing or tooth-brushing before or after oral sex, as this may cause bleeding. Inserting a penis into a vagina causes a high risk of HIV transmission for both people involved, especially for the woman. Reduce this risk by using a condom or a latex female condom but not both. Always use water-based lubricant to reduce the risk of the condom breaking. The outer ring of the female condom must remain around the penis and outside the vagina at all times. Other forms of contraception do not protect against HIV. Pulling out before ejaculation does not protect against HIV. It is possible but not certain that people who have undergone male-to-female reassignment surgery can contract HIV more easily. Rectal tissue is highly sensitive to tearing and damage during intercourse. This makes the risk of transmission high for the person inserting a penis, and extremely high for the person receiving the penis. Consider other forms of sexual activity as described above. If you do perform anal sex, use latex condoms and plenty of water-based lubricant. Female condoms are probably effective during anal sex, but this has not been thoroughly studied. Some organizations recommend removing the inner ring, while others do not. Review how to put on and take off a condom or female condom. Importantly, remember to pinch the tip before putting on a male condom, and grip the base closed when you remove it. Before you have sex, make sure the condom was treated properly: Never use oil-based lubricant with latex or polyisoprene condoms, which can break the condom. Use the condom before its expiration date. Store the condom at room temperature, and not in your wallet or other place where it may get damaged. Use a condom that fits snugly, but easily. Do not stretch the condom to examine it for tears. No matter which type of sex you engage in, some practices make the risk of transmission higher. Be aware of these factors: Rough sex increases the odds of the condom tearing. Avoid spermicides that contain N-9 (nonoxynol-9). This can irritate the vagina and increase the chance of the condom tearing. Do not douche the vagina or rectum before sex. This can irritate the area or remove bacteria that help fight infection. If you need to clean the area, clean gently with a soapy finger and water instead. Substances that affect your mental state increase the odds of making a bad decision, such as having unprotected sex. Have sex only when sober, or make plans in advance to protect yourself.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Have sex with fewer, trusted partners. Choose low-risk types of sex. Practice safer oral sex. Protect yourself during vaginal sex. Be very cautious when practicing anal sex. Store and use a condom correctly. Avoid increased risk practices. Avoid alcohol and drugs before sex.
Article: You can find nihari masala powder in Pakistani or Indian grocery stores, or nihari masala spice mix to grind at home. If you purchased the pre-made spice mix, skip directly to the next section. You may also use garam masala or potli ka masala spice mix. Nihari spice mixes vary from chef to chef, but most of them use at least the spices described here. If you have not had nihari masala before, you may wish to try the basic recipe out first before you make major adjustments. You could, however, add a few dried red chiles for a spicier dish, or add spices that you know were used in a nihari you enjoyed in the past. If you want to experiment more, there are many additional spices you could add to taste: Besides dried red chiles, you could add mace, star anise, poppy seeds, paprika, or rock salt. Spices that may be difficult to locate outside of Pakistan or India include amchoor (green mango powder), and jeera. The word "jeera" is used to mean several different spices, any of which can be used in masala. It is sometimes sold as black caraway or black cumin, or a mix of the two. Add the cumin and fennel to a dry, non stick pan and heat while stirring. If you are using dried red chiles or mace as well, add these at the same time. Keep heating and stirring for a minute or two, until you spices release a stronger scent and the color just begins to change. Stop roasting immediately if the chiles turn black. The remaining spices take less time to roast, so add them to the mix later. Roast the cloves, peppercorns, cumin, nutmeg, ginger powder, both types of cardamom, cinnamon, and bay leaf with the other ingredients for about a minute longer, while stirring. Add any remaining optional ingredients at the same time. If the initial spices are already much darker colored and more fragrant, and you do not want to risk burning them, you may skip this step and add the remaining spices to the mix un-roated. Pour the roasted spices into a food processor, spice mixer, or mortar and grind until it has formed a powder. Remove the hard cinnamon stick if present. If using the masala immediately, grind the bay leaf along with the other spices. Otherwise, set aside the bay leaf for later. Some people add a little chana dal powder to this mixture as well, a powder formed from lentils, chickpeas, or peas. This is not vital for meat dishes such as nihari, which already have a good source of protein. Use immediately, or store in a sealed container. Place a bay leaf in with the spice mix to add additional bay flavor. Keep in a dry, dark location, or in the refrigerator if keeping it more than a few days.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Look for masala spice mix in stores if you don't want to make it yourself. Consider adding optional spices. Dry roast certain spices first. Add the other spices and continue roasting. Grind the spice mix, leaving out certain ingredients. Store the masala powder.