In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This style is characterized by densely packed, angular letter forms, and a uniform style of vertical strokes. Blackletter font may be best used to express the wonder and fear on book covers, posters, records, or film titles. They could also express seriousness on diplomas or award certificates. This style is best known for being dense and having angular letter-forms. The letters share many shapes to create a uniform and flowing piece of work. Here are important skills to use: Keep the pen angle at 30 to 45 Draw straight vertical lines Draw short, diagonal lines for decorative tails Use small, controlled movements Create a flow and a rhythm among the letters Although there will be a slight angle variation as you write, the angle will still add uniformity and character to the overall work. Instead of one fluid motion to form a letter, you will use two to four strokes to create each one that will form a pattern among the letters. Even though each letter is different, there are certain shapes that many of them have in common. For h, m, n, r, and t, the first stroke will be the same. Hold your pen at a 30 angle, and make a straight line down and a sharp 45 tail up and to the right. The tail should be small with a sharp edge and not interfere with any part of the letter. For b, d, l, u, and y, the first stroke will be the same. You will create a straight stroke downwards with a soft 45 tail that angles up and to the right. The curve should be more rounded than sharp. For b, c, d, e, o, p, g, and q, you will start from the top, and move right and down to form the top part of their circles. Once you reach halfway around the circle, pick up your pen, and start a new stroke that moves from the right and down to the left. End the circle when you reach the main vertical line. Some tips and lines require softer, 30 angles, letters like k, v, w, and x all require 45 strokes. To make their downward lines, start at the top, and move either to the right or left being sure to move at a 45 angle. When you reach the bottom of the line, make an upward 30 curve. The "a" is unique, and it requires three separate motions. Hold your pen at a 45 angle. Create a tail at the top by moving to the right and up, and then make a line going down and to the right. Finish the stroke with a tail that curves up and to the right. Lift your pen, and make the bottom part of the circular pattern by moving from left to right, and stroking upwards. Move from right to left as you finish the top of the circle by starting at the first straight line, and finishing at the start of the second stroke. Make the middle of the "s" first by drawing a downward stroke from left to right. Create the bottom curve moving from left to right and wrapping upward to the bottom of the center line. Finish with the top moving from left to right, starting from the middle line and curving up and then, back down. Horizontal strokes are made be moving left to right. To create the curvature of the "z", slightly curve up where you start and end. Remember to keep the angle of your pen consistent. Create the middle line by starting at the right end of the top horizontal line, and stroking down and to the right at a 45 angle. Finish the letter with another horizontal line that starts at the bottom tip of the middle line, and strokes to the right with an upward curl at the beginning and end. The two horizontal lines should have identical curves. Although "g" and "f" have some different strokes, the main downward stroke with tail are the same. Start by moving your pen down, and create a small tail to the left. Do not finish the tail by moving your pen up. Pick up you pen, and start a new stroke that moves down and to the right. This stroke should meet the small tail of your first stroke. All letters in calligraphy follow the same basic strokes. Practice each letter using this guide so there is a uniformity among all of the letters.
Summary: Use blackletter calligraphy for a formal look. Notice the similarities between blackletter calligraphy letters. Hold your pen at a 30 angle. Use several strokes to form each letter. Design straight lines with a downward stroke. Make a straight line with a soft curve using a downward stroke. Form circular patterns with clockwise strokes. Watch your angles. Create an "a" with three strokes. Create a "s" with three strokes. Draw a "z" with horizontal strokes. Pay attention to patterns. Use these main strokes to create the alphabet.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This dress will have an elastic sewn into the waistband, giving it a vintage-like cinch. The shirt needs to be baggy, not a fitted style. It also needs to be long enough to wear as a dressat least mid-thigh length. Men's shirts are great for this! Turn the shirt inside out first. This will keep the outside clean. Put the shirt on, and make a mark where your waist is. You can use a pin or a dressmaker's chalk or pen. Take the shirt off when you are done. Spread the shirt on a flat surface. Use a straight edge to draw a line across it from side to side. Use the mark that you made earlier as a guide. Flip the shirt over, and draw another line on the back. This line will be the guideline for the elastic. Use a dressmaker's chalk for dark colored shirts and a dressmaker's pen for light colored shirts. Measure around your waist. Cut a piece of -inch (9.5-millimeter) elastic according to that measurement. Use black elastic for dark-colored shirts and white elastic for light colored shirts. If you can find a matching color elastic, that's even better! Fold the shirt's right side seam towards the back so that it lays flat. Pin one end of the elastic over the seam, aligning the raw edges. Make sure that the elastic is level with the line that you drew. Do not pin the rest of the elastic. Clamp the foot and needle down over the shirt and elastic. Give the elastic a tug, stretching it out. Backstitch once, then sew forward using a narrow zigzag stitch. Keep the elastic pulled taut as you sew. The fabric will gather as you sew. Make sure that you are sewing the elastic over the line that you drew. Make sure that your thread color matches the shirt material. When you reach the left side of the shirt, press the seam down against the fabric. Sew right across the seam. Keep the elastic pulled taut. Continue sewing across the back of the shirt. When reach the right side seam again, overlap the ends of the elastic by inch (1.27 centimeters). Sew back and forth across the two ends a few times. Knot the loose threads, then trim them down. Discard any leftover elastic. This is not really necessary, but it will give your dress a nicer look. Cut the ribbed collar off first. Next, cut the front part of the collar into a V-neck or scoop-neck. T-shirt material does not fray, but you can bind the raw edges off with bias tape or jersey fabric, if you'd like. Your dress is now ready to wear! For a cutter look, wear a wide belt over it to hide the waist seam.
Summary:
Find a large T-shirt. Put the shirt on and make a mark where your waist is. Draw a line across the front and back of the shirt. Cut your elastic. Pin the end of the elastic to the shirt. Begin sewing the elastic to the shirt. Continue sewing the elastic to the shirt, flatting the left seam as you go. Overlap the elastic when you reach the end. Snip off the excess elastic. Consider modifying the collar. Turn your dress right side out.