Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are identical with material interactions.

Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term "physicalism" is preferred over "materialism" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous.

Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism.

Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.[a] The basic proposition of these two categories pertains to the nature of reality, and the primary distinction between them is the way they answer two fundamental questions: "what does reality consist of?" and "how does it originate?" To idealists, spirit or mind or the objects of mind (ideas) are primary, and matter secondary. To materialists, matter is primary, and mind or spirit or ideas are secondary, the product of matter acting upon matter.

1. what is materialism closely related to?
2. do some people prefer that term?
3. what is matter to materialists in terms of priority?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. physicalism
2. Yes
3. secondary

Question: One morning, Becca was putting on her shoes when she heard a knock at the door. When she opened it, she saw her friend Faith standing on the porch. "Bill is going to build a fort in my backyard today, and I get to help," Faith said. "Would you like to come over and help too?"

Becca thought about what she had to do that day. Her mother had told her she needed to get her chores done before she could play at Faith's house. "First, I have to clean my room," Becca told Faith.

"Maybe I can help you," Faith said. "I helped Sam clean his room once."

"Sure!" Becca answered.

The girls went to Becca's room and started to pick up toys and clothes. "Maybe I need to clean under the bed," Becca said. Under the bed, she found a library book she had been missing. Faith finished putting all of the clothes into the hamper.

"Thanks for the help!" Becca said. "Now I can go with you."

"I hope we don't have to clean my room, too!" said Faith. 1. What time of day was it?
2. Who heard something then?
3. WHat did she hear?
4. What did she do then?
5. What did she see then?
6. Where did that person invite her to go?
7. What did she have to do before that?
8. Could anyone help?
9. Where did they go?
10. WHat did they do there? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. morning
2. Becca
3. a knock at the door
4. she opened it
5. her friend
6. come over
7. clean her room
8. yes
9. Becca's room
10. pick up toys and clothes

Q: Bill dug a small hole and placed the seed inside. Then, he covered up the hole with dirt, and poured some water on it. It was such a small seed, and it was hard to believe that it would turn into a giant pumpkin.

Every day, Bill went out to the garden to check on the seed. Some days, if the ground was dry, he poured more water on it. After a few days, a tiny green plant started coming out of the ground. Bill kept checking every day, and the plant kept getting bigger and bigger.

Soon, there were tiny leaves on the plant. As the summer went on, the whole plant kept getting bigger and bigger. Soon, he could see tiny fruits starting to grow. They kept getting bigger and bigger. Eventually, he could tell that they were pumpkins!

That fall, the pumpkins were really big. Bill picked the biggest one and brought it to the fair. He got a blue ribbon for the biggest pumpkin!

Bill's parents had other plants in their garden. They had strawberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, and many other fruits and vegetables. But they all started as tiny seeds.

1. Bill.
2. Digging a hole.
3. The seed.
4. Pumpkin.
5. unknown
6. No.
7. Check on the seed.
8. Some days, if the ground was dry, he poured more water on it.
9. No.
10. A plant.
11. A pumpkin plant.

Numbered questions:
1. Who did some planting?
2. What was his first step?
3. What did he put in there?
4. What kind of seed was it?
5. What did he hope for?
6. Did he forget about his seed after he planted it?
7. What did he do with it then?
8. Anything else?
9. Did the seed die out?
10. What did it grow into?
11. What kind of plant?

Q: Brasilia (Portuguese pronunciation: [bazilj]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasilia and its metro (encompassing the whole of the Federal District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it the 4th most populous city in Brazil. Among major Latin American cities, Brasilia has the highest GDP per capita at R$61,915 (US$36,175).

The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasilia' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasilia proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasilia as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Brasilia hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.

1. 2,556,149
2. Brazil
3. 31
4. 2014
5. 2013
6. 4th
7. No
8. $36,175
9. April 21, 1960
10. center-western
11. Yes
12. No
13. administrative division

Numbered questions:
1. as of 2011, what is the population of Brasilia?
2. what country is it capital of?
3. how many administrative regions are actually known as Brasilia?
4. when did it host the FIFA cup?
5. and the confederations cup?
6. what rank is it among populous Latin American cities?
7. does any other Latin American city have a higher GDP?
8. how much is it per capita in USD?
9. when was it founded?
10. what region is it in?
11. does it have special status?
12. is it a legal municipality?
13. what is it?