INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Calligraphy letters are drawn using thick and thin strokes to create shapes. They are not written like traditional letters. This 'thick-and-thin' effect creates a flowing, consistent pattern.Here are basic rules to follow: Keep the pen-angle constant Don't push too hard on the nib Draw parallel lines and even curves. A 'calligraphy nib' refers to a pen tip that is broad and flat instead of a more commonly rounded point pen such as a fountain pen. This wide, flat structure allows the nib to create a unique 'thick-and-thin' effect which is what makes calligraphic letters look fancy. Nibs come in different widths, so having several will allow you to experiment. It is important that you hold the pen so that the tip of the nib points away from you and to the left, at around 30 to 60. The angle will vary depending on the specific script that you want to create, or naturally with the way you hold the pen. As you write, the nib should never turn to form lines and curves. The trick to creating beautiful, uniform calligraphy is to keep the point in the same direction. This is why you will have to pick your hand up to create several strokes that form each letter. Each stroke follows a pattern and shares similarities with other letters. Form each stroke by gently leading the nib across the paper. Your strokes will move backwards, forwards, and sideways from the direction the nib is pointing. Your hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow should not be touching the table. By fully supporting your hand and arm, it will help you keep a light pressure on the pen to help your strokes flow. You may damage the nib if you press too hard. If you lean on the pen, your letters may not flow, and your arm may get tired. By pushing the nib incorrectly, it may dig into the paper and blot. Always follow the strokes of calligraphy. Regardless of the specific type of calligraphy you draw, this same rule will follow. For example, italic calligraphy is created with lines that slope away upwards to the right, while Roman letters are drawn with perfectly vertical, straight-up-and-down lines. Each skill focuses on the practice of accurate angles. Drawing lines that have the same angle as each other is just as important as keeping your pen-nib at a constant angle. If you draw lines at the correct angle, they won't look right if your pen is not kept at the correct angle. Never alter your pen angle for different line strokes. As you form each letter, you will constantly be picking the pen up from the paper to start new lines. To keep your pen angle accurate, do not move the pen from your fingers before finishing a letter, and do not twist the pen around between your fingers.

SUMMARY: Learn the foundation of calligraphy. Get a variety of nibs. Hold your pen at a constant angle. Maintain proper form. Do not press hard on the pen. Draw vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines parallel with one another. Beware of the different angles.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: The foods which may irritate ulcers vary from person to person. Some people can eat whatever they like without any increased irritation, but this is not true for everyone. You will have to learn over time which foods cause you problems and cut them out or limit them in your diet. This also helps to prevent ulcers in the future. A good place to start is with foods which increase your stomach acid production. Patients with peptic ulcers should avoid diets rich in red meat, fried or fatty foods, and refined foods, such as flour or sugar. Be cautious of dairy foods with whole milk or cream. Spearmint, peppermint, and other minty foods seem to increase the production of stomach acid. Diets heavy in these foods can lead to further ulcer irritation and an increase in stomach acid. As well as foods that can provoke increased production of stomach acid, some other foods can irritate your ulcer more directly. In practice, this will vary from person to person, but there are some general recommendations for those with an ulcer. The first of these is to try to avoid eating spicy food. The sting you feel from spicy food if you have a cut on your finger or mouth can be replicated in your stomach or intestine if you have an ulcer. The second recommendation is to avoid citrus and acidic foods and drinks. Highly acidic orange or lemon juice could irritate the ulcer and cause you pain. You should also be wary of tomato products, onions and garlic and heavily seasoned food in general. Diets rich in whole grains and fiber rich foods, with limited dairy, help control the production of stomach acid. Ensure you get plenty of fibrous vegetables as part of your healthy balanced diet. If you are not consuming enough vitamin-rich foods your body may find it harder to heal your ulcer. Good sources of fiber are whole-wheat bread, pasta, and brown rice. Opt for limited amounts of lean meat, and limited low fat dairy products. There is no single recommended diet for those with an ulcer, so you should think about what food causes you irritation and discuss this with your doctor. Eating foods rich in antioxidants (blueberries, cherries, tomatoes, squash, and bell peppers), flavonoids (apples, celery, cranberries, onions, garlic, and tea), B vitamins and calcium (almonds, beans, whole grains, spinach, kale, and sea vegetables) may also help to reduce your symptoms. Continue to drink 6-8 glasses of water each day as part of your healthy diet. A peptic ulcer sufferer is not advised to eat sporadic meals that vary in size. Doing so may cause disruption in the normal production of stomach acid, and end up irritating an ulcer. Keeping meals small and regular can help level out stomach acid. Your stomach may deal better with small regular meals than large irregular ones. Avoid eating anything at least two hours before you go to bed.

SUMMARY: Avoid food that increases the production of stomach acid. Steer clear of food that may irritant your ulcer. Eat plenty of fiber. Eat meals according to a regular schedule.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If the chafed skin is torn or bleeding, there is a possibility that it could get infected with harmful bacteria. Gently pour warm water over the skin and apply a mild soap. Keep rinsing until all of the soap is gone. Carefully pat your skin dry with a towel. Don't scrub or rub the chafed skin or you may worsen the damage. Your goal is not to smooth out the skin right now, it's to cleanse it. Now that your skin is clean and free of debris, get a clean hand towel and soak it in warm water. Wring it out and place it on the irritated skin. Let it sit until it grows cold. Re-wet it again, if you are still in pain. The heat will help to increase blood flow to the area and reduce inflammation. Once your skin is dry, place a small amount of lubricant or cream onto your fingertips. Slowly work this lubricant or cream into your chafed skin, rubbing in tiny circles. Apply enough product so that the entire damaged skin is covered. This will help promote healing. Apply the cream again at least once daily, until the chafed skin is no longer open or raw. If your chafed skin is red, swollen, or crusted, apply an antibacterial cream to prevent or treat the infection. For the next few days, it's best to minimize any activities that might further irritate that patch of chafed skin. If you have a saddle sore, skip biking for a bit. If you have a thigh burn, try to minimize walking long distances. If a certain piece of clothing is causing the chafing, such as a particular swimsuit, skip that suit and go with another one. If the skin remains red and irritated for more than a week, you may want to contact your doctor for an appointment or advice. It is possible that you might have an infection that could be treated with oral medications or a medicated cream.

SUMMARY:
Warm with warm water and mild soap. Apply a warm compress. Rub in a lubricant or cream. Give your skin time to heal. Talk with your doctor.