Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.', 'This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.', 'Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene.

Answer: 1

Question: We report on the early and intermediate-term follow-up results of self-expanding Wallstent (Schneider, Switzerland) implanted in children with congenital heart disease.', 'The inherent shortcomings of balloon-expandable stents prompted the trial of an alternative stent.', 'Twenty patients underwent 22 implantations of 25 self-expanding Wallstents between December 1993 and June 1997 in two institutions. The mean age and weight were 10.8+/-4.5 years and 30.5+/-14.2 kg, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) Group I comprised 17 patients with pulmonary arterial stenoses, 2) Group II comprised four patients with venous stenoses (one belonged to both groups). Sixteen patients underwent recatheterization at a median of 5.8 months (range 0.5 to 31, mean 8.1 months) after stenting. Hemodynamic and angiographic changes after the interventional procedures and complications were documented.', 'All the stents were successfully deployed in the intended position. In Group I, the narrowest diameter of the stented vessel increased from 4.1+/-1.5 to 8+/-2 mm (95% increase, p < 0.0001) while the systolic pressure gradient across decreased from 24.6+/-15.8 to 12.1+/-11.4 mm Hg (51% decrease, p = 0.001). In Group II, the dimensional changes of the narrowest segment increased from 4.3+/-0.5 to 7.5+/-0.4 mm (75% increase, p = 0.003), and the pressure gradient reduced from 5.0+/-2.9 to 0.9+/-1.0 mm Hg (82% decrease, p = 0.04) across the stented venous channel. Distal migration of two optimally positioned stents occurred within 24 h of implantation. At recatheterization, significant neointimal ingrowth (>30% of the expanded diameter) was noted in 7 (28%) of the 25 implanted stents. This responded poorly to balloon dilation. Predisposing factors for the neointimal ingrowth included stents of smaller diameter (<9 mm) and longer period after implantation.

Answer: 1

Question: Oxidative stress occurs in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The objective of our study was to measure oxidation products of cholesterols, so-called oxysterols, in the serum of HD patients in comparison to healthy control persons.', 'In 42 HD patients, plasma oxysterols were measured before and after HD. The values were compared with those in 40 healthy controls. The following cholesterol derivatives were analyzed: dienes, 7beta-OH, beta-epoxy, alpha-epoxy, 20alpha-OH, alpha-triol, and 7-keto cholesterol.', 'In HD patients, serum levels of oxysterols are increased in comparison to controls. The highest values were measured for beta-epoxy cholesterol and for 20alpha-OH cholesterol. During HD oxysterol concentrations increased, obviously by water removal and concentration of nondialyzable compounds.

Answer:
1