question: CHAPTER XV

There was a deal of cursing and groaning as the men at the bottom of the ladder crawled to their feet.

"Somebody strike a light, my thumb's out of joint," said one of the men, Parsons, a swarthy, saturnine man, boat-steerer in Standish's boat, in which Harrison was puller.

"You'll find it knockin' about by the bitts," Leach said, sitting down on the edge of the bunk in which I was concealed.

There was a fumbling and a scratching of matches, and the sea-lamp flared up, dim and smoky, and in its weird light bare-legged men moved about nursing their bruises and caring for their hurts. Oofty-Oofty laid hold of Parsons's thumb, pulling it out stoutly and snapping it back into place. I noticed at the same time that the Kanaka's knuckles were laid open clear across and to the bone. He exhibited them, exposing beautiful white teeth in a grin as he did so, and explaining that the wounds had come from striking Wolf Larsen in the mouth.

"So it was you, was it, you black beggar?" belligerently demanded one Kelly, an Irish-American and a longshoreman, making his first trip to sea, and boat-puller for Kerfoot.

As he made the demand he spat out a mouthful of blood and teeth and shoved his pugnacious face close to Oofty-Oofty. The Kanaka leaped backward to his bunk, to return with a second leap, flourishing a long knife.

"Aw, go lay down, you make me tired," Leach interfered. He was evidently, for all of his youth and inexperience, cock of the forecastle. "G'wan, you Kelly. You leave Oofty alone. How in hell did he know it was you in the dark?"
1. how was the sea lamp desctibed ?
2. who were caring for thier hurts ?
3. what color is the begger ?
4. who called him that ?
5. where is she from ?
6. what did Oofty-Oofty do to the thumb ?
7. what were the crawling men do a deal of ?
8. were they on the top of the ladder ?
9. where were they ?
10. Parsons is described as what ?
11. what was going on with the matches
12. what happened to the Kanaka's knuckles ?
****
answer: 1. dim and smoky,
2. bare-legged men
3. black
4. Kelly
5. America
6. pulled it out stoutly and snapped it back into place.
7. cursing and groaning
8. no
9. at the bottom of the ladder
10. a swarthy, saturnine man,
11. fumbling and scratching
12. they were laid open clear across and to the bone

question: The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.

While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.
1. Were NATo and the Warsaw Pact enemies of each other?
2. What was their relationship to one another?
3. Who invaded Czechoslovakia?
4. Did all members participate?
5. How many satellite states were involved in the Pact?
6. Where were these states located?
7. What was the regional economic organization for communist states in this area called?
8. And what did that organization compliment?
9. What is the Pact's informal nickname?
10. And its formal name?
11. When was it created?
12. As a result of what country joining Nato?
13. Is the Warsaw Pact formatted similarly to NATO?
14. What did the Soviets seek to control during the Pact's creation?
15. Could this be considered one of the reasons the Pact was formed?
16. When did the Pact end?
17. In which country was the beginning of the end?
18. With what occuring?
19. Was that movement ultimately successful?
20. What was spreading through parts of Europe at this time?
21. Which part of Europe was affected?
****
answer: 1. No
2. They both led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs.
3. Warsaw Pact
4. all Pact nations except Romania and Albania
5. seven
6. Central and Eastern Europe
7. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon)
8. The Warsaw Pact
9. WarPac
10. the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance
11. 1955
12. West Germany
13. Yes
14. military forces in Central and Eastern Europe
15. Yes
16. June 1989
17. Poland
18. the Solidarity movement
19. Yes
20. the Revolutions of 1989
21. Eastern Europe

question: In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits a population of organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has been evolved by natural selection.

Organisms face a succession of environmental challenges as they grow, and show adaptive plasticity as traits develop in response to the imposed conditions. This gives them resilience to varying environments.

Adaptation is an observable fact of life accepted by philosophers and natural historians from ancient times, independently of their views on evolution, but their explanations differed. Empedocles did not believe that adaptation required a final cause (~ purpose), but "came about naturally, since such things survived." Aristotle did believe in final causes, but assumed that species were fixed.

In natural theology, adaptation was interpreted as the work of a deity and as evidence for the existence of God. William Paley believed that organisms were perfectly adapted to the lives they led, an argument that shadowed Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who had argued that God had brought about "the best of all possible worlds." Voltaire's Dr. Pangloss is a parody of this optimistic idea, and David Hume also argued against design. The "Bridgewater Treatises" are a product of natural theology, though some of the authors managed to present their work in a fairly neutral manner. The series was lampooned by Robert Knox, who held quasi-evolutionary views, as the "Bilgewater Treatises". Charles Darwin broke with the tradition by emphasising the flaws and limitations which occurred in the animal and plant worlds.
1. What was interpreted as the work of a god?
2. what did William Paley say?
3. who's idea did that shadow?
4. what exactly did he argue?
5. Who made fun of that idea?
6. what woirk?
7. how many meanings does adaption have in biology?
8. name one
9. what does that improve?
10. what's the 2nd meaning?
11. when?
12. lastly?
13. what type of role does that play
14. how is the trait developed?
15. what do living things face?
16. when?
17. what allows them to develop?
18. in response to what?
19. what does this do?
20. What did David Hulme write?
****
answer:
1. adaptation
2. organisms were perfectly adapted to the lives they led
3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
4. God had brought about the best of all possible worlds.
5. Voltaire
6. Dr. Pangloss
7. three
8. the dynamic evolutionary process
9. evolutionary fitness
10. a state reached by the population
11. during that process
12. a phenotypic or adaptive trait
13. a functional role
14. natural selection
15. a succession of environmental challenges
16. as they grow
17. adaptive plasticity
18. the imposed conditions.
19. gives them resilience
20. Bridgewater Treatises