Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Increased concentrations of metalloproteinases are associated with the invasive and metastatic behavior of several human malignant tumors. Normally, enzymatic activity is tightly regulated by nonspecific mechanisms and specific inhibitors. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat, to show its in vitro effect on MatLyLu cancer cells and its in vivo effect on tumor growth in orthotopic cancer (R3327 Dunning tumor) in rats.', 'In vitro, a dose response curve of batimastat was generated over 4 days using the MTT assay. Prostate cancer was injected in vivo in male Copenhagen rats by inoculating R3327 Dunning tumor cells (MatLyLu) into the ventral prostatic lobe of 30 rats. Each of 10 rats received batimastat (30 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle administered once a day by i.p. application beginning the day of cell inoculation. Ten rats remained untreated. The effect on local tumor growth was evaluated by measuring tumor weights 20 days after tumor cell inoculation.', 'Significant inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in vitro occurred at 400 and 4,000 ng/ml batimastat. After orthotopic cell inoculation, tumors grew to mean weights of 18.9 g in the control group without treatment, to 22.3 g in the vehicle group, and to 11.1 g in the treated group. In comparison to the control group and to the vehicle group, tumor weights increased significantly less under treatment with batimastat.
Answer: Batimastat is able to reduce tumor growth in the standard prostate cancer model. Using this model, activity against cancer progression of future inhibitory agents can be reliably assessed.
[A]: Does synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( batimastat ) reduce prostate cancer growth in an orthotopic rat model?

[Q]: Context: DNA methylation is an important biological form of epigenetic modification, playing key roles in plant development and environmental responses.', 'In this study, we examined single-base resolution methylomes of Populus under control and drought stress conditions using high-throughput bisulfite sequencing for the first time. Our data showed methylation levels of methylated cytosines, upstream 2 kp, downstream 2kb, and repeatitive sequences significantly increased after drought treatment in Populus. Interestingly, methylation in 100 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) repressed gene expression, while methylations in 100-2000 bp upstream of TSS and within the gene body were positively associated with gene expression. Integrated with the transcriptomic data, we found that all cis-splicing genes were non-methylated, suggesting that DNA methylation may not associate with cis-splicing. However, our results showed that 80% of trans-splicing genes were methylated. Moreover, we found 1156 transcription factors (TFs) with reduced methylation and expression levels and 690 TFs with increased methylation and expression levels after drought treatment. These TFs may play important roles in Populus drought stress responses through the changes of DNA methylation.
Answer: These findings may provide valuable new insight into our understanding of the interaction between gene expression and methylation of drought responses in Populus.
[A]: Do single-base-resolution methylomes of Populus trichocarpa reveal the association between DNA methylation and drought stress?

[Q]: Context: Rhinoviruses (RVs) are responsible for the majority of acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. RVs infect the lower airways and induce the production of pro-inflammatory and remodelling-associated mediators. Budesonide (BUD) and formoterol (FORM) synergize in controlling asthma and COPD exacerbations; however, their effects on virus-induced inflammation and remodelling are less known.', 'We investigated whether BUD and FORM synergize in suppressing RV-induced inflammation and remodelling in the airways.', 'In vitro models of RV infection of BEAS-2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were used. We assessed the effects of individual and combined drugs administered post-infection, at a clinically relevant concentration range (10(-6)-10(-10) m), on the production of CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL8, IL-6 and the remodelling-associated VEGF and bFGF, using ELISA and RT-PCR.', 'BUD effectively suppressed RV-mediated induction of all mediators studied, in a concentration-dependent manner. FORM alone suppressed the production of CXCL8 and bFGF. The combination of BUD and FORM had concentration-dependent, additive or synergistic effects in the suppression of RV-induced CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in both cell types as well as VEGF in NHBE only. Combination treatment also resulted in an enhanced suppression of RV-induced IL-6, and CCL5 at the mRNA level as compared with BUD or FORM alone.
Answer: BUD and FORM suppress RV-induced chemokines and growth factors in bronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent, synergistic or additive manner. These data further support the combined use of BUD and FORM in asthma and COPD and intensification of this therapy during exacerbations.
[A]:
Do budesonide and formoterol inhibit inflammatory mediator production by bronchial epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus?