In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[EX Q]: Background: Infection control professionals (ICP) who have experienced disaster response have not been assessed in terms of the lessons they have learned, gaps they perceive in disaster preparedness, and their perceived priorities for future emergency response training. Methods: Focus groups were conducted at the APIC 2006 Conference to evaluate ICPs' perceived needs related to disaster planning topics, products they feel are needed for education and reference materials, and lessons learned from past disasters. Results: ICPs' role in disaster preparedness and response is essential, even in noninfectious disease emergencies. Infection control issues in shelters, such as overcrowding, foodborne illness, lack of restroom facilities, inadequate environmental cleaning procedures and products, difficulty assessing disease outbreaks in shelters, inability to isolate potentially contagious patients, and too few hand hygiene supplies can contribute to secondary disease transmission. Other important topics on which ICPs need to be trained include surge capacity, employee health and safety, incident command system, educating responders and the public on disaster preparedness, addressing changing standards/recommendations, and partnering with public health. ICPs need quick reference materials, such as checklists, templates, tool kits, and algorithms to better equip them for disaster response. Conclusion: Infection control must continue to partner with public health and other responding agencies to address gaps in disaster planning. (Am J Infect Control 2007;35:374-81.)
[EX A]: Disaster preparedness lessons learned and future directions for education: Results from focus groups conducted at the 2006 APIC Conference

[EX Q]: BACKGROUND: Despite the high risk for patient harm during unanticipated ICU evacuations, critical care providers receive little to no training on how to perform safe and eff ective ICU evacuations. We reviewed the pertinent published literature and off er suggestions for the critical care provider regarding ICU evacuation. Th e suggestions in this article are important for all who are involved in pandemics or disasters with multiple critically ill or injured patients, including front-line clinicians, hospital administrators, and public health or government offi cials. Th e Evacuation and Mobilization topic panel used the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guidelines Oversight Committee's methodology to develop seven key questions for which specifi c literature searches were conducted to identify studies upon which evidence-based recommendations could be made. No studies of suffi cient quality were identifi ed. Th erefore, the panel developed expert opinion-based suggestions using a modifi ed Delphi process. RESULTS: Based on current best evidence, we provide 13 suggestions outlining a systematic approach to prepare for and execute an eff ective ICU evacuation during a disaster. Interhospital and intrahospital collaboration and functional ICU communication are critical for success. Pre-event planning and preparation are required for a no-notice evacuation. A Critical Care Team Leader must be designated within the Hospital Incident Command System. A threestage ICU Evacuation Timeline, including (1) no immediate threat, (2) evacuation threat, and (3) evacuation implementation, should be used. Detailed suggestions on ICU evacuation, including regional planning, evacuation drills, patient transport preparation and equipment, patient prioritization and distribution for evacuation, patient information and tracking, and federal and international evacuation assistance systems, are also provided. CONCLUSIONS: Successful ICU evacuation during a disaster requires active preparation, participation, communication, and leadership by critical care providers. Critical care providers have a professional obligation to become better educated, prepared, and engaged with the processes of ICU evacuation to provide a safe continuum of critical care during a disaster. CHEST 2014; 146( 4_Suppl ): e44S -e60S ABBREVIATIONS : CCTL 5 Critical Care Team Leader ; ECMO 5 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; EOC 5 emergency operations center ; NDMS 5 National Disaster Medical System Form Hospital and Transport Agreements 1a. We suggest local and regional mutual-aid agreements should be established with other appropriately staff ed and resourced hospitals to redistribute critically ill and injured patients from an evacuating hospital(s), and these agreements should be integrated within the framework of disaster preparedness plans. 1b. We suggest creation of predisaster formal agreements between hospitals and transport agencies or between Health Coalitions or Regional Health Authorities and transport agencies for air or ground transport of critically ill patients during a disaster. Prepare for and Simulate Critical Care Evacuation 2a. We suggest staffi ng requirements within disaster plans should take into account the staffi ng resources necessary for desired surge capability to both safely move patients and to provide continuous care for patients remaining in the ICU. . COI grids refl ecting the confl icts of interest that were current as of the date of the conference and voting are posted in the online supplementary materials. DISCLAIMER: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines and consensus statements are intended for general information only, are not medical advice, and do not replace professional care and physician advice, which always should be sought for any medical condition. Th e complete disclaimer for this consensus statement can be accessed at
[EX A]: Evacuation of the ICU Care of the Critically Ill and Injured During Pandemics and Disasters: CHEST Consensus Statement

[EX Q]: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and death in neonatal piglets. Passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies against PEDV is an effective prevention measure. In this study, single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies against PEDV were screened from the porcine scFv phage display library. After four rounds of biopanning, scFvs that showed higher affinity to the PEDV antigen were selected for further study. The scFv genes were cloned into the expression plasmid for recombinant protein expression. These scFvs were shown to inhibit PEDV infectivity by the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that the epitopes recognized by these scFvs were in the S1 region of the spike protein. The potential of scFvs to provide prevention against PEDV infections in piglets was further investigated. Piglets orally administered scFvs showed no to mild clinical symptoms, significantly less viral shedding, no mortality and no intestinal lesions. The field application also revealed that the survival rate of piglets was significantly increased by oral administration of scFvs. Our data support the potential role of scFvs in the prevention and treatment of PEDV infection. virulent variants emphasizes the importance of developing an effective method to control their spread and infection. PEDV is a member of the Alpha-coronavirus genus, within the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales [3,10]. PEDV possesses an~28 kb single-stranded, positive-sense, RNA genome, which encodes seven open reading frames (ORF 1a/1b, and ORF 2-6) [11] . Among them, the first gene ORFs 1a/1b encode large replicase polyproteins, which are processed to generate 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp1-nsp16) [12] . ORF 2, -3, -4, -5, and -6 encode structural/accessory proteins, including spike (S) protein, nonstructural accessory protein, envelope (E) protein, membrane (M) protein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, respectively [13] . The S protein is a type I glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in virus attachment, entry, receptor binding, cell membrane fusion and induction of neutralizing antibodies [14, 15] . The S protein can be cleaved into S1 (residues 1-789) and S2 subunits (residues 790-1386) by host protease [16] . The S1 subunit contains the N-terminal domain (NTD, residues 1-233) that shows sialic acid binding activity and the C-terminal domain (CTD, residues 253-638) that attaches to the cell surface receptor (e.g., aminopeptidase N (APN)) [17]. The S2 subunit mediates virus-cell membrane fusion [16] . S protein is an excellent target for vaccine development for the induction of protective immunity against PEDV. Several studies have confirmed that antibodies, especially neutralizing antibodies stimulated by the vaccine expressing spike protein, are able to protect the host from PEDV infection [18, 19] . Additionally, neutralizing antibodies against PEDV can be developed as candidates for passive protection. Lee et al. reported that egg yolk antibody (IgY) against S1 domain of spike protein efficiently protects neonatal piglets against PEDV, supporting the potential of antibody reagents as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent to protect piglets against PEDV infection [20] . Genetically engineered recombinant antibody fragments are increasingly being used in medical diagnosis and therapy in many diseases. The single chain fragment variable (ScFv), also called single-chain antibody, is one of the most popular types of genetically engineered antibodies [21, 22] . The scFv consists of a variable light chain (V L ) and heavy chain (V H ) that are connected by a short peptide linker [23] . The advantages of scFv are its small size, low immunogenicity, high specificity, and ability to be genetically engineered. The scFv can be produced in bacterial expression systems for large-scale production. Although scFv is smaller than full-length IgG, it retains the complete antigen binding site [24] . Several scFvs have been produced to control virus infection, including scFvs against chicken infectious bursal disease virus, scFvs targeting human influenza virus H5N1, and scFvs against the phosphoprotein of Newcastle disease virus [25] [26] [27] [28] . Thus, scFv is considered a potential reagent for the prevention and treatment of viral disease. At present, there have been no reports of the selection of porcine scFvs to target the porcine pathogen. In this study, we constructed a scFv phage display library using peripheral blood lymphocytes of piglets induced with PEDV. The scFvs against PEDV were selected, and their neutralization efficiencies were evaluated. We further confirmed that the mechanism of scFvs neutralization of PEDV occurred through binding to the viral spike protein. The immunoprophylactic and therapeutic properties of scFvs in neonatal piglets against PEDV infection were further explored. Our results provide a foundation for the development of scFv-based drugs for the prevention and treatment of PEDV infection. Materials and Methods 2.
[EX A]:
Single Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Provide Protection against Viral Infection in Piglets