Problem: CHAPTER XVI. THE PANNIER

He was still pacing there when an hour or so before sunset--some fifteen hours after setting out--they stood before the entrance of a long bottle-necked cove under the shadow of the cliffs of Aquila Point on the southern coast of the Island of Formentera. He was rendered aware of this and roused from his abstraction by the voice of Asad calling to him from the poop and commanding him to make the cove.

Already the wind was failing them, and it became necessary to take to the oars, as must in any case have happened once they were through the coves narrow neck in the becalmed lagoon beyond. So Sakr-el-Bahr, in his turn, lifted up his voice, and in answer to his shout came Vigitello and Larocque.

A blast of Vigitello's whistle brought his own men to heel, and they passed rapidly along the benches ordering the rowers to make ready, whilst Jasper and a half-dozen Muslim sailors set about furling the sails that already were beginning to flap in the shifting and intermittent gusts of the expiring wind. Sakr-el-Bahr gave the word to row, and Vigitello blew a second and longer blast. The oars dipped, the slaves strained and the galeasse ploughed forward, time being kept by a boatswain's mate who squatted on the waist-deck and beat a tomtom rhythmically. Sakr-el-Bahr, standing on the poop-deck, shouted his orders to the steersmen in their niches on either side of the stern, and skilfully the vessel was manoeuvred through the narrow passage into the calm lagoon whose depths were crystal clear. Here before coming to rest, Sakr-el-Bahr followed the invariable corsair practice of going about, so as to be ready to leave his moorings and make for the open again at a moment's notice.
1. What did they stand before?
2. How long was it before sunset?
3. Why did they have to take the oars?
4. What island was it on the south west coast of?
5. Who lifted his voice and was anwsered by Vigitello and larocque?
6. What was the water of the lagoon like?
7. Was it murky or clear?
8. What did Vigitello do to bring his men to heel?
9. What point's cliffs were they near?
10. Who was it that gave word for the sailors to row?
Answer: 1. the entrance of a cove
2. an hour or so
3. Because of the wind.
4. Island of Formentera
5. Sakr-el-Bahr
6. becalmed
7. Clear
8. Blew his whistle
9. Aquila Point
10. Vigitello's own men

Q: James II and VII (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The second surviving son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's Protestant political elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, a son called James Francis Edward, leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew William III of Orange to land an invasion army from the Dutch Republic, which he did in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated). He was replaced by his eldest, Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband, William III. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamites at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.

Answer the following questions:
1. when was the Glorious Revolution?
2. which James fled to England?
3. when was James II born?
4. who defeated the Jacobites?
5. who was the father of James VII?
6. who took the throne when Charles I died?
7. what happened to Charles II?
8. when did James VII rule Scotland?
9. what did members of Britain's Poretestant elite suspect James II of?
10. who was his cousin?
A: 1. 1688
2. James Francis Edward
3. 14 October 1633
4. Williamites
5. Charles I
6. Charles II
7. death
8. 6 February 1685 until 1688
9. being pro-French
10. King Louis XIV

Problem: The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional daimyo. The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, "no more wars", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo.

A revolution took place from the time of the Kamakura shogunate, which existed with the Tenno's court, to the Tokugawa, when the "samurai" became the unchallenged rulers in what historian Edwin O. Reischauer called a "centralized feudal" form of shogunate. Instrumental in the rise of the new-existing bakufu was Tokugawa Ieyasu, the main beneficiary of the achievements of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Already powerful, Ieyasu profited by his transfer to the rich Kanto area. He maintained two million "koku" of land, a new headquarters at Edo, a strategically situated castle town (the future Tokyo), and also had an additional two million "koku" of land and thirty-eight vassals under his control. After Hideyoshi's death, Ieyasu moved quickly to seize control from the Toyotomi family.
1. Which shogunate ruled Japan between 1603 and 1868?
2. How many regional daimyo did the country have during that period?
3. Was economic growth good then?
4. Were there many wars then?
5. Did the arts and culture flourish?
6. Who established this period?
7. What was the exact date of it's establishment?
8. What was the exact date of the demise of it?
9. What city is now located at the place where there was a castle headquarters in Edo?
10. Was the Kamakura shogunate peaceful?
11. Was Ieyasu's transfer to Kanto beneficial to him?
Answer:
1. Tokugawa
2. 300
3. yes
4. none
5. yes
6. Tokugawa Ieyasu
7. March 24, 1603
8. May 3, 1868
9. Tokyo
10. no
11. yes