Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: The independent prognostic value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been questioned, and consequently we decided to investigate whether hsCRP was associated with subclinical cardiovascular (CV) damage independently of traditional CV risk factors.', 'In a population-based sample of 2028 apparently healthy individuals without prior stroke or myocardial infarction not receiving any CV, anti-diabetic or lipid-lowering treatment, aged 41, 51, 61 or 71 years, we measured in 1993 serum hsCRP, traditional CV risk factors (lifestyle, metabolic and hemodynamic) and assessed subclinical CV damage [atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries, pulse wave velocity (PWV), urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), left ventricular (LV) mass and ejection fraction].', 'Adjusting for age and gender in multiple regression analyses, higher log(hsCRP) was associated with higher logPWV (beta = 0.15) and log(left ventricular mass index) (LVMI) (beta = 0.09, both P < 0.001), LV relative wall thickness (beta = 0.07, P < 0.01), logUACR (beta = 0.04, P = 0.06) and more atherosclerotic plaques (beta = 0.06, P < 0.05). However, higher log(hsCRP) was only weakly associated with higher logPWV(beta = 0.06, P < 0.05) and more atherosclerotic plaques (beta = 0.04, P = 0.06) when adjusting for other significant CV risk factors, such as daily smoking (beta = 0.18), female gender (beta = -0.17), older age (beta = 0.11), lower log(high density lipoprotein cholesterol) (beta = -0.11, all P < 0.001); wider waist (beta = 0.17), higher body mass index (beta = 0.14), higher heart rate (beta = 0.06, all P < 0.01); and higher log(plasma glucose) (beta = 0.05, P < 0.05) (adj. R2 = 0.19, P < 0.001).
Answer: After adjustment for traditional CV risk factors hsCRP was only associated with PWV and atherosclerotic plaques, indicating a possible effect of low-grade inflammation on macrovascular damage. The close relationship between traditional CV risk factors and hsCRP suggested that hsCRP was an integrated CV risk marker early in the development of atherosclerosis.
Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein only weakly related to cardiovascular damage after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors?

Context: To analyze the effect of antiretroviral therapy, including drugs that have good penetration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), on neuropsychologic performance.', 'One hundred sixty-five HIV-1-infected patients exposed to a stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen were studied. Neuropsychologic examinations were performed for all patients.', "A total of 50.3% of patients were impaired. In multivariate analysis, older age (for 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR] = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2 to 10.4; P< 0.0001) and higher plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2; P = 0.021) at testing were independently associated with an increased probability of impaired neurocognitive performance, whereas higher educational level was a protective factor (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.90; P=0.001). A significant linear correlation was observed between the neuropsychologic z score for 8 tests (NPZ8) score, a quantitative parameter of neurocognitive impairment, and CD4 cell count at neuropsychologic testing (R = 0.273, P = 0.001) and between the NPZ8 score and the patient's age (R = 0.288, P = 0.001).
Answer: Our study indicates that the use of stable HAART, including multiple drugs that have good CSF penetration, was not associated with neuropsychologic performance. To prevent independent replication of HIV in CSF with better control of a relevant reservoir of HIV is one of the crucial aims of therapeutic strategy.
Do neuroactive antiretroviral drugs influence neurocognitive performance in less advanced HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy?

Context: The integrity of lipid rafts in cell membranes is important for signal transduction.', 'To determine the distinct effects of beta-glycolipids on the composition of lipid rafts in natural killer T (NKT) cells and on the level of expression of flotillin-2, leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), and STAT1-associated pathways.', 'The effects of glycolipids were determined by composition analysis of the raft domains, FACS analysis of the distribution patterns for the raft ganglioside, GM1, and fluorescence microscopy of raft patching. To evaluate the effects of the immune environment on glycolipid-associated alteration of lipid rafts, hepatitis was induced by an intravenous injection of concanavalin A (ConA) in mice treated with various glycolipids.', 'The administration of beta-glucosylceramide, beta-lactosylceramide, and a combination of both significantly altered GM1 content in lymphocyte membranes in an environment-dependent manner. These effects were associated with altered expression levels of flotillin-2, Lck, and STAT1, and with a significant decrease in intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping and the alleviation of ConA-induced hepatitis. The administration of alpha-glycolipids failed to induce similar effects.
Answer: The alteration in the expression levels of flotillin-2, Lck, and STAT1 that occurs concomitantly with changes in lipid raft composition and structure following the administration of beta-glycolipids in ConA-induced hepatitis is microenvironment-dependent and is associated with decreased intrahepatic CD8(+) T lymphocyte trapping and amelioration of immune-mediated hepatitis.
Is modulation of intracellular machinery by beta-glycolipids associated with alteration of NKT lipid rafts and amelioration of concanavalin-induced hepatitis?