Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
To describe the common locations of active trigger points (TrPs) in the temporalis muscle and their referred pain patterns in chronic tension type headache (CTTH), and to determine if pressure sensitivity maps of this muscle can be used to describe the spatial distribution of active TrPs.', 'Forty women with CTTH were included. An electronic pressure algometer was used to assess pressure pain thresholds (PPT) from 9 points over each temporalis muscle: 3 points in the anterior, medial and posterior part, respectively. Both muscles were examined for the presence of active TrPs over each of the 9 points. The referred pain pattern of each active TrP was assessed.', 'Two-way analysis of variance detected significant differences in mean PPT levels between the measurement points (F=30.3; P<0.001), but not between sides (F=2.1; P=0.2). PPT scores decreased from the posterior to the anterior column (P<0.001). No differences were found in the number of active TrPs (F=0.3; P=0.9) between the dominant side the nondominant side. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the active TrPs (chi2=12.2; P<0.001): active TrPs were mostly found in the anterior column and in the middle of the muscle belly. The analysis of variance did not detect significant differences in the referred pain pattern between active TrPs (F=1.1, P=0.4). The topographical pressure pain sensitivity maps showed the distinct distribution of the TrPs indicated by locations with low PPTs.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Parasympathetic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for mortality in heart failure for which there is no specific pharmacologic treatment. This article aims to determine the effect of pyridostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent, on the integrated physiologic responses to dynamic exercise in heart failure.', 'Patients with chronic heart failure (n = 23; 9 female; age = 48 +/- 12 years) were submitted to 3 maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests on treadmill in different days. The first test was used for adaptation and to determine exercise tolerance. The other tests were performed after oral administration of pyridostigmine (45 mg, 3 times/day, for 24 hours) or placebo, in random order. All patients were taking their usual medication. Pyridostigmine reduced cholinesterase activity by 30%, inhibited the chronotropic response throughout exercise, up to 60% of maximal effort (pyridostigmine = 108 +/- 3 beats/min vs. placebo = 113 +/- 3 beats/min; P = .040), and improved heart rate reserve (pyridostigmine = 73 +/- 5 beats/min vs. placebo = 69 +/- 5 beats/min; P = 0.035) and heart rate recovery in the first minute after exercise (pyridostigmine = 25 +/- 2 beats/min vs. placebo = 22 +/- 2 beats/min; P = .005), whereas peak heart rate was similar to placebo. Oxygen pulse, an indirect indicator of stroke volume, was higher under pyridostigmine during submaximal exercise.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
MiRNAs has been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of miR-744 is common in a number of cancers, indicating miR-774 might be closely correlated with the tumorigenesis process. However, the role and clinical significance of miR-774 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poorly known. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate whether there was any clinical value of serum miR-744 in detecting and predicting the prognosis of NPC.', 'Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression level of serum miR-744 in patients with NPC and the healthy volunteers. The changes in serum miR-744 expression level of NPC patients after receiving chemo-radiotherapy were also evaluated. The association between pre-treatment serum miR-744 expression level and NPC clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Finally we employed Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the clinical value of serum miR-744 in predicting the prognosis of NPC.', 'Our study showed the expression level of serum miR-744 was significant higher in patients with NPC in comparison with healthy controls (P<0.01). The serum miR-744 expression level was down-regulated significantly in NPC patients after receiving chemo-radiotherapy (P<0.01). The Pre-treatment Serum miR-744 expression level was correlated with various important NPC clinicopathological parameters including N stage, clinical stage and grade. In addition, NPC patients with higher serum miR-744 expression had poorer 5 year overall survival rate and relapse-free survival rate. What was more, serum miR-744 was showed to be an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of NPC.

Ex Output:
0