question: The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a major OrdovicianSilurian extinction events when 60% of marine species were wiped out.

A significant evolutionary milestone during the Silurian was the diversification of jawed and bony fish. Multi-cellular life also began to appear on land in the form of small, bryophyte-like and vascular plants that grew beside lakes, streams, and coastlines, and terrestrial arthropods are also first found on land during the Silurian. However, terrestrial life would not greatly diversify and affect the landscape until the Devonian.

The Silurian system was first identified by British geologist Roderick Murchison, who was examining fossil-bearing sedimentary rock strata in south Wales in the early 1830s. He named the sequences for a Celtic tribe of Wales, the Silures, inspired by his friend Adam Sedgwick, who had named the period of his study the Cambrian, from the Latin name for Wales. This naming does not indicate any correlation between the occurrence of the Silurian rocks and the land inhabited by the Silures. In 1835 the two men presented a joint paper, under the title "On the Silurian and Cambrian Systems, Exhibiting the Order in which the Older Sedimentary Strata Succeed each other in England and Wales," which was the germ of the modern geological time scale. As it was first identified, the "Silurian" series when traced farther afield quickly came to overlap Sedgwick's "Cambrian" sequence, however, provoking furious disagreements that ended the friendship. Charles Lapworth resolved the conflict by defining a new Ordovician system including the contested beds. An early alternative name for the Silurian was ""Gotlandian"" after the strata of the Baltic island of Gotland.
1. How long the Silurian period lasted?
2. When did it start?
3. When it ended?
4. What signifies the Silurian period?
5. What else?
6. Where?
7. like?
8. How about plants?
9. Was there lot of diversification?
10. Until when?
11. Who first came up with this period?
12. Who was he?
13. From which country?
14. When he was doing his research?
15. Where?
16. Did he name it after something?
17. After what?
18. What they were called?
19. Who inspired him in that?
20. What he discovered?
****
answer: 1. 24.6 million years
2. end of the Ordovician Period
3. beginning of the Devonian Period
4. diversification of jawed and bony fish
5. Multi-cellular life
6. on land
7. bryophyte
8. found on land
9. no
10. Devonian period
11. Roderick Murchison
12. geologist
13. Britain
14. 1830s
15. south Wales
16. yes
17. Celtic tribe of Wales
18. Silures
19. Adam Sedgwick
20. Cambrian sequence

question: CHAPTER XXIX

DAYS OF ANXIETY

"I wonder what Davenport will say when he finds those men are working here?" remarked Fred.

"I don't care what he says," answered Jack.

"Do you think he'll dare come over here and have it out with Uncle Dick?" questioned Andy.

"I don't think so," answered his brother. "I believe behind it all he is afraid we'll have him arrested for the theft of those documents."

"If he really took them, what do you think he did with them?" came from Fred.

"More than likely he destroyed them," answered Jack. "He wouldn't want evidence like that lying around loose, you know."

When Carson Davenport learned that six of his men had deserted and gone over to the Rovers he was more angry than ever.

"They're going to do their best to undermine us," he said to Tate. "I wish I knew just how to get square with them."

"We'll get square enough if we strike oil here," said Tate. "Those Rovers will feel sick enough if they learn we are making a barrel of money."

"It's easy enough to talk about making a barrel of money," came from Jackson, who was present. "But I don't see the money flowing in very fast." He had been talking to a number of his friends, and many of them had said they thought the chances of getting oil from the Spell claim were very slim.

"Oh, you just hold your horses, Jackson," said Carson Davenport smoothly. "Take my word for it, this well we are putting down is going to be one of the biggest in this territory."
1. What item do the men think will make them rich?
2. Does Andy have any relatives in the group he is talking to?
3. How is this person related to him?
4. Is Carson Davenport happy with recent events?
5. Do the people speaking think that the Rovers will be happy if the speakers have good fortune?
6. Is Carson Davenport hopeful about their chance of success?
7. Are the speakers hoping that the Rovers will be successful?
8. Do the other friends of Jackson believe that Jackson will be successful?
9. Was something stolen?
10. What do the speakers believe has happened to them?
****
answer: 1. oil
2. yes
3. his Uncle
4. no
5. no
6. yes
7. no
8. no
9. documents."
10. he destroyed them,

question: (CNN) -- Three Pakistani paramilitary soldiers were killed this week in a cross-border firefight between Pakistan and India, officials said Thursday.

The soldiers were moving from one post to another along the border when they came under fire by Indian forces, said Maj. Gen. Athar Abbas, Pakistan army spokesman.

Since a cease-fire is in effect, the firing by Indian forces was unprovoked, Abbas said. But Pakistani forces retaliated after the shots were fired, he said.

It was unclear whether the incident took place late Tuesday or Wednesday, as Pakistani and Indian officials provided different times.

Lt. Col. J.S. Brar, Indian defense spokesman for the disputed Kashmir region, said there were two violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control, the de facto border between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. In the first, fighting continued for about an hour, he said. A second violation took place Thursday morning, he said, and one Indian soldier was injured. Brar said he could not comment on Pakistani casualties.

Pakistani officials said severe weather conditions in Kashmir, a Himalayan region, hampered removal of the soldiers' bodies. Pakistan has asked the Indian local commanding authority for a full report on the incident.

India and Pakistan have have fought three wars since the partition of the Asian subcontinent in 1947. Two of them were over Kashmir, which is claimed by both nuclear powers.

On August 20, an Indian army officer and five militants were killed in clashes along the Line of Control. India has accused Pakistan of aiding infiltration into Indian Kashmir, which has battled separatist violence for more than two decades. Islamabad has denied the accusations. More than 40,000 have died in the violence, officials say.
1. Who were the partiipants in the skirmish?
2. What were the probable days the effent took place?
3. How many wars have India and Pakistan fought since 1947?
4. Was there conflicting stories about how the event started?
5. How long did the first time the cease fire was broken last?
6. Were any Indians injured on thursday morning?
7. What is it Inda accused Pakistaon of doing regarding Indian Kashmir?
8. What were the soldgers doing when they came underfire by Indian forces according to Abbas?
9. What did Pakistan ask the Indian local commanding authority for?
10. Were there any casualties from these events?
****
answer:
1. Pakistan and India
2. Tuesday or Wednesday
3. three
4. It was unclear
5. an hour
6. yes
7. aiding infiltration
8. moving from one post to another
9. for a full report
10. yes