In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of
2013''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Sequestration is having a devastating effect on the
Nation's air traffic control system.
(2) Sequestration imposes a reduction in funding of $637
million on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the
remainder of fiscal year 2013.
(3) The FAA plans to furlough the vast majority of the
FAA's nearly 47,000 employees, including nearly 15,000 air
traffic controllers, for approximately one day during each two-
week pay period in order to comply with sequestration.
(4) The furloughs began on Sunday, April 21, 2013, and are
scheduled to continue through the end of the fiscal year on
September 30, 2013. Approximately 10 percent of the FAA's air
traffic controllers are expected to be on furlough on any given
day during this period.
(5) The furloughs are causing hundreds of flights to be
delayed, resulting in scheduling difficulties for airlines and
inconveniences for passengers.
(6) The FAA reported that approximately 400 flights were
delayed nationwide on April 21, 2013, as a result of the
furloughs.
(7) The FAA reported that more than 1,200 flights were
delayed nationwide on April 22, 2013, as a result of the
furloughs.
(8) More delays are expected in the coming months during
the peak summer travel season.
(9) The effects of multiple flight delays at airports
across the Nation can be compounded as delays at one airport
cause planes to arrive late at other airports and also cause
passengers to miss connecting flights.
(10) Air carriers operating in United States air space
transport more than 700 million passengers every year.
(11) Civil aviation accounts for 10 million jobs, is
responsible for more than 5 percent of the United States gross
domestic product, and contributes $1.3 trillion to the economy
every year.
(12) Businesses of all sizes depend upon a reliable
commercial air transportation system. Business travelers
account for millions of trips each month.
(13) Flight delays for business travelers interfere with
business plans and result in business meetings being delayed,
cancelled, or missed.
(14) Flight delays affecting the transportation of air
cargo also interfere with business.
(15) The Nation's economy depends upon a reliable
commercial air transportation system.
(16) The FAA also plans to close 149 air traffic control
towers at small airports across the Nation on June 15, 2013, in
order to comply with sequestration. Despite their size, these
airports are an important part of the Nation's air
transportation system and economy.
(17) Air traffic control is a critical government function
that is necessary to ensure the safety of air travel and the
flying public.
(18) Inadequate staffing of airport control towers poses a
serious threat to public safety.
(19) Without the service of experienced air traffic
controllers in all of the Nation's Federal air traffic control
towers, there is an increased risk of accidents involving
planes during departure, flight, and landing. Such accidents
could result in a tragic loss of life.
(20) The sequestration of funds associated with the
operation of air traffic control towers by the FAA interferes
with the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the Nation's
air transportation system.
(21) The operation of air traffic control towers by the
FAA, including the compensation paid to air traffic control
personnel employed by the FAA, should be exempted from
sequestration.

SEC. 3. EXEMPTION FROM SEQUESTRATION FOR OPERATION OF AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL TOWERS.

(a) In General.--Section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended by adding at the
end the following new subsection:
''(k) Operation of Air Traffic Control Towers.--The following funds
shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part:
''(1) Funds made available for the operation of air traffic
control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration,
including compensation paid to air traffic control personnel
employed by the Federal Aviation Administration.
''(2) Funds made available for the operation of contract
air traffic control towers under section 47124 of title 49,
United States Code.''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by section 1 shall apply to
the Presidential sequestration order for fiscal year 2013 issued under
section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act
of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901a) and any subsequent sequestration order issued
under that Act.
[EX A]: Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of 2013 - Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to exempt from reduction, under any sequestration ordered by the President, funds made available for the operation of: (1) air traffic control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), including compensation paid to FAA air traffic control personnel; and (2) contract air traffic control towers.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Teacher and Nurse Support Act of
2007''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) According to the National Center for Education
Statistics, over the next 10 years, the United States will need
more than 2,000,000 new teachers to replace the teachers who
are retiring or leaving the classroom for other careers.
(2) The Hart-Rudman National Security Report on education
recommended that the President direct the Department of
Education to work with the States to devise a comprehensive
plan to avert a looming shortage of high-quality teachers.
(3) According to the National Center for Education
Statistics, 20 percent of all new teachers leave the teaching
profession within 3 years. Providing loan forgiveness or loan
cancellation is one step that would help retain high-quality
teachers in schools that need teachers.
(4) The American Hospital Association has reported more
than 118,000 unfilled registered nurse positions in hospitals
in the United States. Additionally, the National Commission on
Nursing Workforce for Long-Term Care released a report in May,
2005, stating that there are nearly 100,000 vacant nursing
positions in long-term care facilities on any given day, and
the nurse turnover rate exceeds 50 percent. The shortage is
costing long-term care facilities an estimated $4 billion a
year in recruitment and training expenses.
(5) College loans are more of a burden than ever for
students and families. According to a recent United States
Public Interest Research Group report, average student loan
debt almost doubled from $9,200 in 1992-1993 to $16,928 in
1999-2000.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to improve access to, and
the delivery of, high-quality educational and health services
throughout the United States by reducing the shortage of qualified
teachers and nurses.

SEC. 3. LOAN FORGIVENESS.

(a) Loan Forgiveness.--Section 428J of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078-10) is amended to read as follows:

''SEC. 428J. LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR TEACHERS AND NURSES.

''(a) Statement of Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to
encourage individuals to enter and continue in the teaching and nursing
professions.
''(b) Program Authorized.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program
to forgive, in accordance with this section, the student loan
debt of any borrower who has one or more loans described under
paragraph (2) made on or after October 1, 1998, and who--
''(A) has been employed--
''(i) as a full-time teacher--
''(I) in a school that qualifies
under section 465(a)(2)(A) for loan
cancellation for Perkins loan
recipients who teach in those schools;
''(II) if employed as a secondary
school teacher, is teaching a subject
area that is relevant to the borrower's
academic major as certified by the
chief administrative officer of the
public or nonprofit private secondary
school in which the borrower is
employed; and
''(III) if employed as an
elementary school teacher, has
demonstrated, as certified by the chief
administrative officer of the public or
nonprofit private elementary school in
which the borrower is employed,
knowledge and teaching skills in
reading, writing, mathematics, and
other areas of the elementary school
curriculum; or
''(ii) as a full-time eligible nurse--
''(I) in a clinical setting; or
''(II) as a member of the nursing
faculty at an accredited school of
nursing (as those terms are defined in
section 801 of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)); and
''(B) is not in default on a loan for which the
borrower seeks forgiveness.
''(2) Method of loan forgiveness.--To provide the loan
forgiveness authorized in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall,
subject to paragraph (3), carry out a program--
''(A) through the holder of the loan, to assume the
obligation to repay a qualified loan amount (as
determined under subsection (c)) for a loan made under
section 428 or 428H of this part; and
''(B) to cancel a qualified loan amount (as so
determined) for a Federal Direct Stafford Loan or a
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan made under
part D of this title;
''(3) Treatment of consolidation loans.--A loan amount for
a loan made under section 428C or section 455(g) may be a
qualified loan amount for the purposes of paragraph (2) only to
the extent that such loan amount was used to repay a loan made
under section 428 or 428H, a Federal Direct Stafford Loan, or a
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan for a borrower who
meets the requirements of paragraph (1), as determined in
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
''(c) Qualified Loan Amount.--
''(1) In general.--
''(A) Aggregate amount.--The Secretary shall, in
installments in accordance with subparagraph (B),
forgive under this section not more than $17,500 in the
aggregate of the student loan obligation of a borrower.
''(B) Annual installments.--The Secretary shall
forgive the student loan obligation of a borrower in
annual installments after each of 5 years of service
described in clause (i) or (ii) of subsection
(b)(1)(A)(i) in an amount not to exceed the lesser of
the remaining outstanding obligation of the borrower
or--
''(i) $2,000 at the completion of the first
year of such service;
''(ii) $2,500 at the completion of the
second year of such service;
''(iii) $3,500 at the completion of the
third year of such service;
''(iv) $4,500 at the completion of the
fourth year of such service; and
''(v) $5,000 at the completion of the fifth
year of such service.
''(2) Forbearance on qualified loan amount.--A holder of a
loan on which a borrower is seeking forgiveness under this
section--
''(A) shall grant forbearance, at the request of
the borrower, in annual increments for each of the
years of qualifying service if the holder believes, at
the time of the borrower's annual request, that the
amount expected to be forgiven under this section at
the completion of the period of qualifying service will
satisfy the anticipated remaining outstanding balance
on the loan; and
''(B) may offer other forbearance options to the
borrower.
''(d) Regulations.--The Secretary is authorized to issue such
regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this
section.
''(e) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
authorize any refunding of any repayment of a loan.
''(f) List of Schools.--If the list of schools in which a teacher
may perform service pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(A)(i) is not
available before May 1 of any year, the Secretary may use the list for
the year preceding the year for which the determination is made to make
the service determination.
''(g) Additional Eligibility Provisions.--
''(1) Continued eligibility for teachers.--Any teacher who
performs service in a school that--
''(A) meets the requirements of subsection
(b)(1)(A)(i)(I) in any year during such service; and
''(B) in a subsequent year fails to meet the
requirements of that subsection,
may continue to teach in the school and shall be eligible for
loan forgiveness pursuant to subsection (b).
''(2) Prevention of double benefits.--No borrower may, for
the same service, receive a benefit under both this subsection
and--
''(A) subtitle D of title I of the National and
Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12571 et
seq.); or
''(B) section 846 of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 297n).
''(h) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) Eligible nurse.--The term 'eligible nurse' means a
nurse who meets all of the following:
''(A) The nurse graduated from--
''(i) an accredited school of nursing (as
those terms are defined in section 801 of the
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296));
''(ii) a nursing center; or
''(iii) an academic health center that
provides nurse training.
''(B) The nurse holds a valid and unrestricted
license to practice nursing in the State in which the
nurse practices in a clinical setting.
''(C) The nurse holds 1 or more of the following:
''(i) A graduate degree in nursing or
equivalent degree.
''(ii) A nursing degree from a collegiate
school of nursing (as defined in section 801 of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)).
''(iii) A nursing degree from an associate
degree school of nursing (as defined in section
801 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
296)).
''(iv) A nursing degree from a diploma
school of nursing (as defined in section 801 of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296)).
''(2) Year.--The term 'year', where applied to service as a
teacher (or service as a member of the nursing faculty at an
accredited school of nursing (as those terms are defined in
section 801 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296))),
means an academic year as defined by the Secretary.''.
(b) Repeal of Loan Cancellation Provision.--Section 460 of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087j) is repealed.

SEC. 4. PHASE OUT OF CURRENT PROGRAM.

An individual who began the required period of teaching described
in section 428J(b)(1) or 460(b)(1)(A) of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078-10 and 1087j) as such sections were in effect on
the day before the date of enactment of this Act, shall--
(1) be eligible to receive loan forgiveness or loan
cancellation in the amount described in, and in accordance with
the requirements of, such sections as in effect on the day
before the date of enactment of this Act; and
(2) not be eligible to receive loan forgiveness under
section 428J of the Higher Education Act of 1965 as in effect
on the date of enactment of this Act.
[EX A]: Teacher and Nurse Support Act of 2007 - Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 to increase to a maximum of $17,500 the aggregate student loan obligation eligible for forgiveness or cancellation under the Federal Family Education Loan or Direct Loan programs for teachers who serve full-time in certain elementary or secondary schools that enroll a high proportion of disadvantaged students.

Includes, under these student loan forgiveness and cancellation programs, nurses who serve in a clinical setting or as a member of the nursing faculty at an accredited school of nursing. Directs the Secretary of Education to repay such loan obligation in annual installments up to specified maximum amounts after each of five years of such service.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Airline Passenger Fair Treatment Act
of 2001''.

SEC. 2. FAIR TREATMENT OF AIRLINE PASSENGERS.

Section 41712 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ''On the initiative'' and inserting ''(a)
Duty of the Secretary.--On the initiative''; and
(2) by adding at the end thereof the following:
''(c) Specific Practices.--For purposes of subsection (a), the
terms 'unfair or deceptive practice' and 'unfair method of competition'
include each of the following:
''(1) Access to fares.--The failure of an air carrier or
foreign air carrier to provide a consumer full access to all
fares for air transportation provided by the air carrier or
foreign air carrier, regardless of the technology or other
method the consumer uses to access the fares.
''(2) Flight delays.--The failure of an air carrier or
foreign air carrier to provide a passenger of the carrier with
an accurate explanation of the reasons for a flight delay,
cancellation, or diversion from a ticketed itinerary.
''(3) Pricing policies.--Any action of an air carrier or
foreign air carrier--
''(A) to prohibit a person (including a
governmental entity) that purchases air transportation
from only using a portion of the air transportation
purchased (including using the air transportation
purchased only for 1-way travel instead of round-trip
travel); or
''(B) to assess an additional fee on or charge to--
''(i) such a person; or
''(ii) any ticket agent that sold the air
transportation to such person.
''(4) Termination of ticket agents.--In the case of a
termination, cancellation, nonrenewal, or substantial change in
the competitive circumstances of the appointment of a ticket
agent by an air carrier or foreign air carrier, the failure of
the air carrier or foreign air carrier--
''(A) to provide the ticket agent with written
notice, and a full statement of reasons constituting
just causes for the action, on or before the 90th day
preceding the action; and
''(B) to provide the ticket agent with at least 60
days to correct any deficiency claimed in the written
notice,
except in cases of insolvency, an assignment for the benefit of
creditors, bankruptcy, or nonpayment of sums due under the
appointment.''.

SEC. 3. CLARIFICATION REGARDING ENFORCEMENT OF STATE LAWS.

Section 41713(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
striking ''related to a price, route, or service of an air carrier that
may provide air transportation under this subpart'' and inserting
''that directly prescribes a price, route, or level of service for air
transportation provided by an air carrier under this subpart''.

SEC. 4. EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE, RIGHT OF EGRESS.

(a) In General.--Chapter 417 of title 49, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
''Sec. 41722. Airline passenger rights
''(a) Right to In-Flight Emergency Medical Care.--
''(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall
issue regulations to establish minimum standards for
resuscitation, emergency medical, and first-aid equipment and
supplies to be carried on board an aircraft operated by an air
carrier in air transportation that is capable of carrying at
least 30 passengers.
''(2) Considerations.--In issuing regulations under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider--
''(A) the weight and size of the equipment
described in paragraph (1);
''(B) the need for special training of air carrier
personnel to operate the equipment safely and
effectively;
''(C) the space limitations of each type of
aircraft;
''(D) the effect of the regulations on aircraft
operations;
''(E) the practical experience of airlines in
carrying and operating similar equipment; and
''(F) other relevant factors.
''(3) Consultation.--Before issuing regulations under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with the Surgeon
General.
''(b) Right To Exit Aircraft.--No air carrier or foreign air
carrier operating an aircraft in air transportation shall prevent or
hinder (including by failing to assist) any passenger from exiting the
aircraft (under the same circumstances as any member of the flight crew
is permitted to exit the aircraft) if--
''(1) the aircraft is parked at an airport terminal gate
with access to ramp or other facilities through which
passengers are customarily boarded and deplaned;
''(2) the aircraft has remained at the gate more than 1
hour past its scheduled departure time;
''(3) the captain of the aircraft has not been informed by
air traffic control authorities that the aircraft can be
cleared for departure within 15 minutes.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of such
title is amended by adding at the end the following:

''41722. Airline passenger rights.''.
[EX A]:
Airline Passenger Fair Treatment Act of 2001 - Amends Federal aviation law to revise provisions prohibiting an air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent from engaging in unfair or deceptive practices or unfair methods of competition in air transportation. Extends such prohibition to any action of an air carrier or foreign air carrier that: (1) fails to provide a consumer full access to all fares for air transportation provided by them, regardless of the technology or other method the consumer uses to access the fares; (2) fails to provide an air carrier passenger with an accurate explanation of the reasons for a flight delay, cancellation, or diversion from a ticketed itinerary; or (3) prohibits a person (including a governmental entity) that purchases air transportation from only using a portion of the air transportation purchased (including using air transportation purchased only for one-way travel instead of round-trip travel), or assesses an additional fee on or charge to such person or ticket agent that sold the air transportation to such person.Prohibits an air carrier or foreign air carrier, in the case of a termination, cancellation, nonrenewal, or substantial change in the competitive circumstances of a ticket agent's appointment, from failing to provide the ticket agent with: (1) written notice, and a full statement of reasons for the action, on or before the 90th day preceding the action; and (2) at least 60 days to correct any deficiency claimed in such notice. Exempts a carrier from this requirement only in cases of insolvency, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, bankruptcy, or nonpayment of sums due under the appointment.Revises the preemption of State, local, and regional law or regulation related to a price, route, or level of service for air transportation provided by an air carrier. Limits the preemption to any such law or regulation that would directly prescribe a price, route, or level of service.Directs the Secretary of Transportation to issue regulations to establish minimum Federal standards for resuscitation, emergency medical, and first-aid equipment and supplies to be carried on board an aircraft operated by an air carrier that is capable of carrying at least 30 passengers.Bars an air carrier or foreign air carrier from preventing or hindering (including by failing to assist) a passenger from exiting an aircraft if: (1) the aircraft is parked at an airport terminal gate with access to ramp or other facilities through which passengers are customarily boarded and deplaned; (2) such aircraft has remained at the gate more than one hour past its scheduled departure time; and (3) the aircraft captain has not been informed by air traffic control authorities that such aircraft can be cleared for departure within 15 minutes.