instruction:
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
question:
Abstract: The role in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis of C5 or some terminal complement component dependent upon C5 for activation was explored in a congenic strain of C5 sufficient (NSN) and C5 deficient (OSN) mice. When these mice were given daily injections of heterologous protein, horse apoferritin (HAF), there were profound differences between the strains in the development of glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction. When NSN and OSN mice produced low levels of anti-HAF, NSN mice developed extensive glomerular deposits of HAF and immune reactants and a mild proliferative glomerulonephritis. In contrast, comparable OSN mice developed only trace mesangial localization of HAF and no glomerular lesions by light microscopy. When NSN and OSN mice produced high levels of anti-HAF, both strains had equivalent glomerular immune deposits; however, NSN mice developed a severe necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, while OSN mice had much less glomerular injury. Compared to OSN mice, these NSN mice also had much more severe tubulointerstitial injury, and significantly higher serum creatinine levels. Thus, in this experimental model, the absence of C5 resulted in reduced glomerular immune complex localization when there were small amounts of circulating immune reactants; and in markedly reduced glomerular leukocyte influx, necrosis and crescent formation, when large amounts of immune reactants have localized in glomeruli. These effects could be mediated by C5 (such as C5a) or by some terminal complement component(s) dependent upon C5 for activation.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice. option2: Current issues in transfusion therapy. 1. Risks of infection.
answer:
Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice.

question:
Abstract: After fertilization, the protein products of the Drosophila homeobox gene caudal (cad) accumulate in a concentration gradient spanning the anteroposterior axis of the developing embryo. Mutations in the cad gene that reduce or eliminate the gradient cause abnormal zygotic expression of at least one segmentation gene (fushi tarazu) and alter the global body pattern.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: A molecular gradient in early Drosophila embryos and its role in specifying the body pattern. option2: Increased MR signal intensity in skeletal muscle adjacent to malignant tumors: pathologic correlation and clinical relevance.
answer:
A molecular gradient in early Drosophila embryos and its role in specifying the body pattern.

question:
Abstract: Protein S deficiency is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Heterozygotes with a reduction of 50% in the plasma protein S concentration are at risk for the development of venous thromboembolism, often occurring at an early age without an apparent cause. In the majority of the patients thrombosis is restricted to the superficial or deep venous system of the legs. In this case report we describe the presence of mesenteric vein thrombosis in a 30-yr-old man with hereditary protein S deficiency. In his family protein S deficiency was also recognized in his mother, brother, and niece. Both his mother and brother had a history of thrombotic disease.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Mesenteric vein thrombosis as presenting manifestation of hereditary protein S deficiency. option2: Internal vessel occlusion: an improved technique for small vessel anastomosis.
answer:
Mesenteric vein thrombosis as presenting manifestation of hereditary protein S deficiency.