Context and question: Like Finnish, Estonian employs the Latin script as the basis for its alphabet, which adds the letters a, o, u, and o, plus the later additions s and z. The letters c, q, w, x and y are limited to proper names of foreign origin, and f, z, s, and z appear in loanwords and foreign names only. O and u are pronounced similarly to their equivalents in Swedish and German. Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish (when followed by 'r'), A is pronounced [], as in English mat. The vowels A, O and U are clearly separate phonemes and inherent in Estonian, although the letter shapes come from German. The letter o denotes //, unrounded /o/, or a close-mid back unrounded vowel. It is almost identical to the Bulgarian // and the Vietnamese o, and is used to transcribe the Russian .
In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?
Answer: [], as in English mat
Context and question: Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.
What were Darwin's two important aims about evolution?
Answer: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change
Context and question: Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is "firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile). "On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA, visible life consists of barely noticeable twigs. The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects". Insect extinction rates are highsupporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis.
What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?
Answer:
microbial life