input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lakes and Ponds Lakes and ponds can range in area from a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers. Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting living things found in lakes and ponds. In the summer, thermal stratification of lakes and ponds occurs when the upper layer of water is warmed by the sun and does not mix with deeper, cooler water. Light can penetrate within the photic zone of the lake or pond. Phytoplankton (algae and cyanobacteria) are found here and carry out photosynthesis, providing the base of the food web of lakes and ponds. Zooplankton, such as rotifers and small crustaceans, consume these phytoplankton. At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in the aphotic zone break down dead organisms that sink to the bottom. Nitrogen and phosphorus are important limiting nutrients in lakes and ponds. Because of this, they are determining factors in the amount of phytoplankton growth in lakes and ponds. When there is a large input of nitrogen and phosphorus (from sewage and runoff from fertilized lawns and farms, for example), the growth of algae skyrockets, resulting in a large accumulation of algae called an algal bloom. Algal blooms (Figure 44.24) can become so extensive that they reduce light penetration in water. As a result, the lake or pond becomes aphotic and photosynthetic plants cannot survive. When the algae die and decompose, severe oxygen depletion of the water occurs. Fishes and other organisms that require oxygen are then more likely to die, and resulting dead zones are found across the globe. Lake Erie and the Gulf of Mexico represent freshwater and marine habitats where phosphorus control and storm water runoff pose significant environmental challenges. Q: At the bottom of lakes and ponds, bacteria in what zone break down dead organisms that sink there? A:
OPTIONS:
- photic
- photoreactive zone
- trophic
- aphotic zone
output: aphotic zone

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many prokaryotes have an extra layer, called a capsule, outside the cell wall. The capsule protects the cell from chemicals and drying out. It also allows the cell to stick to surfaces and to other cells. Because of this, many prokaryotes can form biofilms, like the one shown in Figure below . A biofilm is a colony of prokaryotes that is stuck to a surface such as a rock or a host's tissues. The sticky plaque that collects on your teeth between brushings is a biofilm. It consists of millions of bacteria. Q: A biofilm is a colony of what that is stuck to a surface such as a rock or a host's tissues? A:

OPTIONS:
- insects
- eukaryotes
- vacuoles
- prokaryotes

A: prokaryotes

input: OPTIONS:
- trees
- grasses
- lichens
- mosses Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Bryophyta is the formal taxonomic name for the phylum that consists solely of what? A:
A:
output: mosses

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Opening Essay Although yeast has been used for thousands of years, its true nature has been known only for the last two centuries. Yeasts are single-celled fungi. About 1,000 species are recognized, but the most common species is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is used in bread making. Other species are used for the fermentation of alcoholic beverages. Some species can cause infections in humans. Yeasts live primarily on sugars, such as glucose (C6H12O6). They convert glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol (C2H5OH) in a chemical transformation that is represented as follows:. Q: Yeasts are single-celled fungi. about 1,000 species are recognized, but the most common species is saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is used in this? A:

OPTIONS:
- cookie making
- cake making
- potatoes making
- bread making

Answer: bread making

Problem: OPTIONS:
- thoracic artery
- jugular
- cerebral artery
- renal artery
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into capillaries. When blood passes through capillaries of the glomerulus of a nephron, blood pressure forces some of the water and dissolved substances in the blood to cross the capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. Q: Through which artery does blood enter the kidneys? A:
Answer: renal artery

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Jason Hollinger. In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from the leaflike gametophyte . CC BY 2.0. Q: In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from what? A:

OPTIONS:
- the roots
- the polyol gametophyte
- the breaza gametophyte
- the leaflike gametophyte

Answer:
the leaflike gametophyte