Answer the following question given this paragraph: 42.3 | Antibodies By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain cross-reactivity Describe the structure and function of antibodies Discuss antibody production An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a protein that is produced by plasma cells after stimulation by an antigen. Antibodies are the functional basis of humoral immunity. Antibodies occur in the blood, in gastric and mucus secretions, and in breast milk. Antibodies in these bodily fluids can bind pathogens and mark them for destruction by phagocytes before they can infect cells. Q: What protein is produced when a plasma cell is stimulated by antigens? A:
OPTIONS:
- collagen
- dystrophin
- keratin
- immunoglobulin
immunoglobulin

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Another interesting feature of many cnidarians is the ability to produce light. The production of light by living things is called bioluminescence. A more familiar example of bioluminescence is the light produced by fireflies. In cnidarians, bioluminescence may be used to startle predators or to attract prey or mates. Watch this short video to see an amazing light show put on by a jellyfish at the Monterey Aquarium in Monterey, California: https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=kdufLq2P1Ag . Q: The production of light by living things is called what? A:
OPTIONS:
- apoptosis
- attenuation
- bio-glow
- bioluminescence

Answer: bioluminescence

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some people think that gravity moves food through the esophagus. If that were true, food would move through the esophagus only when you are sitting or standing upright. In fact, because of peristalsis, food can move through the esophagus no matter what position you are ineven upside down! Just don't try to swallow food when you are upside downyou could choke!. Q: What process moves food through the esophagus no matter which position the body is in? A:
OPTIONS:
- mastication
- proteolysis
- homeostasis
- peristalsis
Answer: peristalsis

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A chloroplast consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma. The thylakoid membranes contain molecules of the green pigment chlorophyll. Q: What consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma? A:
OPTIONS:
- a photon
- a nucleus
- a stem
- a chloroplast
output: a chloroplast

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Unsaturated fat is generally considered to be healthier because it contains fewer calories than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. Additionally, high consumption of saturated fats is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some examples of foods with high concentrations of saturated fats include butter, cheese, lard, and some fatty meats. Foods with higher concentrations of unsaturated fats include nuts, avocado, and vegetable oils such as canola oil and olive oil. The Figure below shows the percentages of fat types in some common foods. Q: High consumption of saturated fats is linked to an increased risk of what disease? A:

OPTIONS:
- pulmonary edema
- high blood pressure
- diabetes
- cardiovascular disease

A: cardiovascular disease

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When a wave meets a barrier, it reflects and travels back the way it came. The reflected wave may interfere with the original wave. If this occurs in precisely the right way, a standing wave can be created. The types of standing waves that can form depend strongly on the speed of the wave and the size of the region in which it is traveling. Q: A standing wave is created when what type of wave interferes with the original wave? A:
OPTIONS:
- realized wave
- translated wave
- refracted wave
- reflected wave
reflected wave