Information: - Chlamydia trachomatis, commonly known as chlamydia, is one of four bacterial species in the genus "Chlamydia". "Chlamydia" is a genus of pathogenic bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites. "C. trachomatis" is a Gram-negative bacterium. It is ovoid in shape and nonmotile. The bacteria are nonspore-forming, but the elementary bodies act like spores when released into the host. The inclusion bodies of "C. trachomatis" were first described in 1942. "C. trachomatis" agent was first cultured in the yolk sacs of eggs by Professor Tang Fei-fan, "et al." in 1957. - Trachoma, also called granular conjunctivitis, Egyptian ophthalmia, and blinding trachoma, is an infectious disease caused by bacterium "Chlamydia trachomatis". The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. Untreated, repeated trachoma infections can result in a form of permanent blindness when the eyelids turn inward. The bacteria that cause the disease can be spread by both direct and indirect contact with an affected person's eyes or nose. Indirect contact includes through clothing or flies that have come into contact with an affected person's eyes or nose. Children spread the disease more often than adults. Poor sanitation, crowded living conditions, and not enough clean water and toilets also increase spread. Efforts to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and decreasing the number of people infected by treatment with antibiotics. This may include treating, all at once, whole groups of people in whom the disease is known to be common. Washing by itself is not enough to prevent disease but may be useful with other measures. Treatment options include oral azithromycin and topical tetracycline. Azithromycin is preferred because it can be used as a single oral dose. After scarring of the eyelid has occurred, surgery may be required to correct the position of the eyelashes and prevent blindness. Globally, about 80 million people have an active infection. In some areas infections may be present in as many as 6090% of children and it more commonly affects women than men likely due to their closer contact with children. The disease is the cause of decreased vision in 2.2 million people of whom 1.2 million are completely blind. It commonly occurs in 53 countries of Africa, Asia, Central and South America with about 230 million people at risk. It results in US$8 billion of economic losses a year. It belongs to a group of diseases known as... - Lymphogranuloma venereum ( LGV ) ( also known as '' Climatic bubo '' , '' Durand -- Nicolas -- Favre disease '' , '' Poradenitis inguinale '' , and '' Strumous bubo '' ) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the invasive serovars L1 , L2 , L2a or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis . LGV is primarily an infection of lymphatics and lymph nodes . Chlamydia trachomatis is the bacterium responsible for LGV . It gains entrance through breaks in the skin , or it can cross the epithelial cell layer of mucous membranes . The organism travels from the site of inoculation down the lymphatic channels to multiply within mononuclear phagocytes of the lymph nodes it passes . In developed nations , it was considered rare before 2003 . However , a recent outbreak in the Netherlands among gay men has led to an increase of LGV in Europe and the United States . A majority of these patients are HIV co-infected . LGV was first described by Wallace in 1833 and again by Durand , Nicolas , and Favre in 1913 . Since the 2004 Dutch outbreak many additional cases have been reported , leading to greater surveillance . Soon after the initial Dutch report , national and international health authorities launched warning initiatives and multiple LGV cases were identified in several more European countries ( Belgium , France , the UK , Germany , Sweden , Italy and Switzerland ) and the US and Canada . All cases reported in Amsterdam and France and a considerable percentage of LGV infections in the UK and Germany were caused by a newly discovered Chlamydia variant , L2b , a.k.a. the Amsterdam variant . The L2b variant could be traced back and was isolated from anal swabs of men who have sex with men ( MSM ) who visited the STI city clinic of San Francisco in 1981 . This finding suggests that the recent LGV outbreak among MSM in industrialised countries is a slowly evolving epidemic . The L2b serovar has also been identified in Australia . Given the information above, choose from the list below the object entity that exhibits the relation 'medical specialty' with the subject 'lymphogranuloma venereum'. Choices: - infection - infectious disease
Answer:
infectious disease