Problem: OPTIONS:
- actuators
- tentacles
- saliva
- exoskeletons
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. Q: What do corals secrete that builds up to become a coral reef? A:
Answer: exoskeletons

Problem:OPTIONS:
- electricity
- inertia
- momentum
- gravity

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Gravity is traditionally defined as a force of attraction between two masses. Weight measures the force of gravity and is expressed in newtons (N). Q: What is the force of attraction between two masses? A:
****
A: gravity

Answer the following question given this paragraph: State of matter that has a fixed volume and fixed shape. Q: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of liquid water by 1c is also known as? A:
OPTIONS:
- mass
- calorie
- Kelvin
- specific heat
specific heat

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. The oxidationreduction reaction that occurs during an electrochemical process consists of two halfreactions, one representing the oxidation process and one the reduction process. The sum of the halfreactions gives the overall chemical reaction. The overall redox reaction is balanced when the number of electrons lost by the reductant equals the number of electrons gained by the oxidant. An electric current is produced from the flow of electrons from the reductant to the oxidant. An electrochemical cell can either generate electricity from a spontaneous redox reaction or consume electricity to drive a nonspontaneous reaction. In a galvanic (voltaic) cell, the energy from a spontaneous reaction generates electricity, whereas in an electrolytic cell, electrical energy is consumed to drive a nonspontaneous redox reaction. Both types of cells use two electrodes that provide an electrical connection between systems that are separated in space. The oxidative half-reaction occurs at the anode, and the reductive half-reaction occurs at the cathode. A salt bridge connects the separated solutions, allowing ions to migrate to either solution to ensure the system's electrical neutrality. A voltmeter is a device that measures the flow of electric current between two half-reactions. The potential of a cell, measured in volts, is the energy needed to move a charged particle in an electric field. An electrochemical cell can be described using line notation called a cell diagram, in which vertical lines indicate phase boundaries and the location of the salt bridge. Resistance to the flow of charge at a boundary is called the junction potential. Q: What is the study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions called? A:
OPTIONS:
- inorganic chemistry
- analytical chemistry
- physical chemistry
- electrochemistry

Answer: electrochemistry

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nitrogen Oxyacids and Salts Nitrogen pentaoxide, N2O5, and NO2 react with water to form nitric acid, HNO3. Alchemists, as early as the eighth century, knew nitric acid (shown in Figure 18.50) as aqua fortis (meaning "strong water"). The acid was useful in the separation of gold from silver because it dissolves silver but not gold. Traces of nitric acid occur in the atmosphere after thunderstorms, and its salts are widely distributed in nature. There are tremendous deposits of Chile saltpeter,. Q: Alchemists, as early as the eighth century, knew nitric acid as aqua fortis, which means? A:
OPTIONS:
- isolated water
- clean water
- applied water
- strong water
Answer: strong water

input: OPTIONS:
- enthalpy
- vibration
- volume
- entropy Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemical and physical changes in a system may be accompanied by either an increase or a decrease in the disorder of the system, corresponding to an increase in entropy (S> 0) or a decrease in entropy (S < 0), respectively. As with any other state function, the change in entropy is defined as the difference between the entropies of the final and initial states: S = Sf Si. When a gas expands into a vacuum, its entropy increases because the increased volume allows for greater atomic or molecular disorder. The greater the number of atoms or molecules in the gas, the greater the disorder. The magnitude of the entropy of a system depends on the number of microscopic states, or microstates, associated with it (in this case, the number of atoms or molecules); that is, the greater the number of microstates, the greater the entropy. We can illustrate the concepts of microstates and entropy using a deck of playing cards, as shown in Figure 18.7 "Illustrating Low- and High-Entropy States with a Deck of Playing Cards". In any new deck, the 52 cards are arranged by four suits, with each suit arranged in descending order. If the cards are shuffled, however, there are approximately 1068 different ways they might be arranged, which corresponds to 1068different microscopic states. The entropy of an ordered new deck of cards is therefore low, whereas the entropy of a randomly shuffled deck is high. Card games assign a higher value to a hand that has a low degree of disorder. In games such as five-card poker, only 4 of the 2,598,960 different possible hands, or microstates, contain the highly ordered and valued arrangement of cards called a royal flush, almost 1.1 million hands contain one pair, and more than 1.3 million hands are completely disordered and therefore have no value. Because the last two arrangements are far more probable than the first, the value of a poker hand is inversely proportional to its entropy. We can see how to calculate these kinds of probabilities for a chemical system by considering the possible... Q: Chemical and physical changes in a system may be accompanied by an increase or a decrease in the disorder of the system, corresponding to an increase or decrease in what? A:
A:
output:
entropy