Q: Phone Soap: Charge and Clean Your Phone

You may charge your phone every day, but do you clean your phone as much? Whatever your hands touch, your phones touch. It has been discovered that some phones have 18 times more bacteria and viruses than any surface in a public restroom. So it probably won't surprise you that a 2011 University of London study found that one in six of our phones have bacteria and viruses on them--specifically, the bacteria called E. coli.

The research on bacteria and viruses led to the invention of Phone Soap. It is not actually liquid like dishwasher soap. It is a phone charger that uses the electromagnetic radiation used in hospitals to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses, cleaning your phone while it charges.

"There are really certain types of bacteria and viruses that we should not be in touch with, and they are really on our phones," says Wes Barnes, the Phone Soap co-founder. It all started while his cousin and co-founder, Dan LaPorte, was in his cancer research lab at college. "He realized he got the idea of getting rid of bacteria and viruses on the phones," said Barnes. "In the lab they used UV-C light for destroying them. He realized this would be the fastest, most powerful way to kill any bacteria and viruses living on electronic machines."

Phone Soap looks like a little metal suitcase. Your phone rests in to charge and get cleaned at the same time. Instead of plugging your phone into the wall, you'd plug it into the Phone Soap charger box. The process only takes a few minutes but, Barnes says, "The idea is that you can leave it in there overnight if you want to keep charging. Reflective paint keeps the light completely around the phone so it cleans the phone fully."

The co-founders spent 2013 finding the right companies and they started shipping the product in late November. By last week's International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Phone Soap was all grown-up. Both co-founders have left their previous jobs and are selling Phone Soap nonstop. "We're shipping almost more than we can handle each day," Barnes says. "It's been a great adventure."

Answer the following questions:
1. How much bacteria can be on your phone?
A: 1. 18 times more than any surface in a public restroom.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Chapter Twenty-One

The Wizard Finds an Enchantment

After Kaliko had failed in his attempts to destroy his guests, as has been related, the Nome King did nothing more to injure them but treated them in a friendly manner. He refused, however, to permit Inga to see or to speak with his father and mother, or even to know in what part of the underground caverns they were confined.

"You are able to protect your lives and persons, I freely admit," said Kaliko; "but I firmly believe you have no power, either of magic or otherwise, to take from me the captives I have agreed to keep for King Gos."

Inga would not agree to this. He determined not to leave the caverns until he had liberated his father and mother, although he did not then know how that could be accomplished. As for Rinkitink, the jolly King was well fed and had a good bed to sleep upon, so he was not worrying about anything and seemed in no hurry to go away.

Kaliko and Rinkitink were engaged in pitching a game with solid gold quoits, on the floor of the royal chamber, and Inga and Bilbil were watching them, when Klik came running in, his hair standing on end with excitement, and cried out that the Wizard of Oz and Dorothy were approaching.

Kaliko turned pale on hearing this unwelcome news and, abandoning his game, went to sit in his ivory throne and try to think what had brought these fearful visitors to his domain.

1. Who was kind to someone?
2. Who was he kind to?
3. Had they been harmed?
4. Had someone tried to do so?
5. Who?
6. Is Kaliko also known as the Nome King?
7. Was anyone being detained?
8. Where?
9. Who were they being held for?
10. Was Inga able to see his family?
11. Did he know where they were?
12. Who was there with Inga?
13. Was he hungry?
14. Did he play a game with Inga?
15. Who did he play one with?
16. What kind?
17. Did everyone ignore them?
18. Why did the game end?
19. Who brought it?
20. What was it?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. the Nome King
2. Kaliko's guests
3. no
4. yes
5. Kaliko
6. yes
7. yes
8. part of the underground caverns
9. King Gos
10. no
11. no
12. Rinkitink
13. no
14. no
15. Kaliko
16. a game with solid gold quoits
17. no
18. because of unwelcome news
19. Klik
20. the Wizard of Oz and Dorothy were approaching

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Navassa Island (; ; also "La Navasse") is a small, uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea. The island is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute and is claimed as an unorganized unincorporated territory of the United States, which administers it through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and Haiti which claimed sovereignty over Navassa since 1801 through its constitution, as the basis of its objection over the later 1850s' U.S. claim.

Navassa Island is about in area. It is located west of Haiti's southwest peninsula, south of the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and about one-quarter of the way from mainland Haiti to Jamaica in the Jamaica Channel.

Navassa reaches an elevation of at Dunning Hill south of the lighthouse, Navassa Island Light. This location is from the southwestern coast or east of Lulu Bay.

The terrain of Navassa Island consists mostly of exposed coral and limestone, the island being ringed by vertical white cliffs high, but with enough grassland to support goat herds. The island is covered in a forest of just four tree species: short-leaf fig ("Ficus populnea" var. "brevifolia"), pigeon plum ("Coccoloba diversifolia"), mastic ("Sideroxylon foetidissimum"), and poisonwood ("Metopium brownei").

Navassa Island's topography, ecology, and modern history are similar to that of Mona Island, a small limestone island located in the Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, which were once centers of guano mining, and are nature reserves for the United States. Transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island but the island is otherwise uninhabited. It has no ports or harbors, only offshore anchorages, and its only natural resource is guano; economic activity consists of subsistence fishing and commercial trawling activities.

1. Where is Navassa Island?
2. Who owns it?
3. Does anyone live there?
4. What is the terrain like?
5. Does it have a forest?
6. What are the indigenous trees?
7. Is the island similar to any others?
8. Which?
9. Where is that located?
10. Where is the Mona Passage?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Caribbean Sea
2. United States and Haiti
3. no
4. mostly coral and limeston
5. Yes
6. short-leaf fig ("Ficus populnea" var. "brevifolia"), pigeon plum ("Coccoloba diversifolia"), mastic ("Sideroxylon foetidissimum"), and poisonwood ("Metopium brownei").
7. Yes
8. Mona
9. the Mona Passage
10. between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic