Q: The German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property (Schutz des geistigen Eigentums) to the confederation. When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention (1883) and the Berne Convention (1886) merged in 1893, they located in Berne, and also adopted the term intellectual property in their new combined title, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property.

The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriete intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846.

Answer the following questions:
1. What power was granted?
2. Power over what?
3. Were there conventions?
4. How many?
5. Which occured first?
6. In what year?
7. when did the second occur?
8. Where did the second occur?
9. was anything adopted during these conventions?
10. which was what?
11. was this term only used during this time?
12. where else was it used?
13. on what case?
14. Who ruled over the case?
15. What year did the case occur?
A: 1. legislative
2. protection of intellectual property
3. yes
4. Two
5. the Paris Convention
6. 1883
7. 1886
8. Berne
9. yes
10. the term intellectual property
11. no
12. Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling
13. Davoll et al. v. Brown.
14. Justice Charles L. Woodbury
15. 1845
Q: CHAPTER III

SOMETHING ABOUT A RUNAWAY

While Dale and Andy ran off to get the water, the other boys gathered around Jack. The young major still lay with his eyes closed, breathing faintly.

"He got a bad crack on the head," remarked Fred Century.

"He certainly did," whispered another cadet. "If he doesn't come around what shall we do?"

"How did the team happen to run away?" questioned Amos Darrison.

"Some fellows from Pornell Academy threw things at us," explained Pepper. "We'll have an account to settle with 'em for this," he added grimly.

"Wonder how poor Snuggers made out?"

"Here he comes now," was the answer, and looking back toward the highway, the cadets saw the driver of the carryall approaching on a swift limp.

"Did ye stop 'em?" he gasped. "Oh, dear, what a bust-up! But it wasn't my fault--you boys can prove that, can't ye?"

"We can, Peleg," answered Pepper. "Much hurt?"

"I got a nasty twist to my back when I tumbled. Say, what's the matter with Major Ruddy?" And the general utility man forgot his own pains as he gazed at the motionless form of Jack.

The cadets told him, and in the midst of the explanation Dale and Andy came back with a bucket of water and a tin dipper. The major's face was bathed, and a little water was put into his mouth, and with a gulp he opened his eyes and stared around him.

"Oh, my head!" he murmured. "Who hit me?"

"You were in the carryall smash-up, Jack," answered Pepper. "You got a bad one on the head."

Answer the following questions:
1. who remarked about Jack's head
2. who ran off to get water?
3. who inquired about the run away team?
4. what rank was Jack?
5. were his eyes open?
6. was his breathing heavy or faint?
7. who was worried about proving that it wasn't his fault?
8. what did Dale and Andy come back with?
9. what is Jack's last name?
10. was he motionless?
11. what else did Dale and Andy bring?
12. what caused him to open his eyes?
13. where was it put?
14. was his face bathed?
15. what body part did he complain about?
A: 1. Fred Century
2. Dale and Andy
3. Amos Darrison.
4. cadet
5. no
6. faintly.
7. Peleg
8. a bucket of water
9. Ruddy
10. yes
11. a tin dipper
12. a little water
13. into his mouth
14. yes
15. his back
Q: (CNN) -- "I killed that lady," the 10-year-old boy told a Pennsylvania state trooper, after a 90-year-old woman was found dead in the home of the boy's grandfather.

Tristen Kurilla, a fifth grader, made the chilling confession Saturday, police said, after his mother brought him to the Pennsylvania State Police Barracks in Honesdale, about 140 miles north of Philadelphia.

Now, Kurilla is being held at the Wayne County Correctional Facility and charged as an adult with criminal homicide, the Wayne County district attorney's office said. The boy is separated from adult offenders and is being constantly supervised, CNN affiliate WBRE reported.

The boy admitted to grabbing a wooden cane, holding it against 90-year-old Helen Novak's throat for several seconds and punching her in the throat and stomach, according to the police affidavit.

Kurilla told police he was angry at Novak because she had yelled at him when he entered her room. He said he wanted to ask her a question.

Were you trying to kill her? the trooper asked the boy.

"No, I was only trying to hurt her," Kurilla replied, according to the affidavit.

The boy was ordered to be held without bail after his arraignment and is set to appear in court October 22.

Bernie Brown, his lawyer, said he was petitioning the court to get the fifth-grade Damascus Elementary School student out of jail, WBRE reported.

"Tristen really kind of doesn't have an idea of what is going on," Brown told the station.

Brown added, "Jail is still jail, no matter what part of the facility you are in."

Answer the following questions:
1. Who did Tristen kill?
2. How old is she?
3. Why did he do it?
4. Why?
5. Where did she do that?
6. Why?
7. How old is the boy?
8. Does he go to school?
9. How far has he gotten?
10. Where did the find her?
11. What did he use to choke her?
12. How did he injure her stomach?
13. Did he punch her anywhere else?
14. Did he turn himself in?
15. Who took him to do it?
16. Did he want to kill her?
17. What was his plan?
18. How much is his bail?
19. Does he have a lawyer?
A:
1. Helen Novak
2. 90
3. he was angry
4. she yelled at him
5. her room
6. he entered it
7. 10
8. yes
9. fifth grade
10. his grandfather's home
11. her cane
12. punching her
13. the throat
14. yes
15. his mother
16. no
17. to hurt her
18. he has no bail
19. yes