Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 21 1 The three main components are the lymph vessels, the lymph nodes, and the lymph. 3 The bacterium is digested by the phagocyte's digestive enzymes (contained in its lysosomes). 5 B 7 C 9 A 11 D 13 C 15 B 17 B 19 D 21 D 23 B 25 C 27 B 29 C 31 D 33 A 35 B 37 B 39 The lymph enters through lymphatic capillaries, and then into larger lymphatic vessels. The lymph can only go in one direction due to valves in the vessels. The larger lymphatics merge to form trunks that enter into the blood via lymphatic ducts. 41 Interferons are produced in virally infected cells and cause them to secrete signals for surrounding cells to make antiviral proteins. C-reactive protein is induced to be made by the liver and will opsonize certain species of bacteria. 43 Antigen-specific clones are stimulated as their antigen receptor binds to antigen. They are then activated and proliferate, expanding their numbers. The result is a large number of antigen-specific lymphocytes. 45 IgM is an antigen receptor on naive B cells. Upon activation, naive B cells make IgM first. IgM is good at binding complement and thus has good antibacterial effects. IgM is replaced with other classes of antibodies later on in the primary response due to class switching. 47 Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria resistant to lysosomal enzymes in alveolar macrophages, resulting in chronic infection. The immune response to these bacteria actually causes most of the lung damage that is characteristic of this life-threatening disease. 49 Antibody response to the cell walls of -Streptococcus cross-reacts with the heart muscle. Complement is then activated and the heart is damaged, leading to abnormal function. Tolerance is broken because heart myosin antigens are similar to antigens on the - Streptococcus bacteria. Q: Interferons are produced in virally infected cells and cause them to secrete signals for surrounding cells to make what? A:
OPTIONS:
- overwhelm proteins
- resist proteins
- Raising Proteins
- antiviral proteins

Answer: antiviral proteins

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The rise in greenhouse gases due to human actions is too much of a good thing. It increases the greenhouse effect and causes Earth's average temperature to rise. Rising global temperatures, in turn, are melting polar ice caps and glaciers. Figure below shows how much smaller the Arctic ice cap was in 2012 than it was in 1984. With more liquid water on Earth's surface, sea levels are rising. Q: The rise in greenhouse gases has what effect on the temperature of earth? A:
OPTIONS:
- no effect
- more moderate
- it drops
- it increases
Answer: it increases

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Describe ways protists are important to humans. Q: All chemical changes involve a transfer of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- pressure
- fuel
- oxygen
- energy
output: energy

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The human body is organized at different levels, starting with the cell. Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs. Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems. Q: What structure of the body falls between cells and organs in complexity? A:

OPTIONS:
- muscles
- molecules
- proteins
- tissues

A: tissues

input: OPTIONS:
- some apes
- some seedlings
- some earthworms
- some invertebrates Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In which kind of species do open circulatory systems serve additional functions? A:
A:
output: some invertebrates

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction that the wave travels. Another example of a transverse wave is the wave that passes through a rope with you shake one end of the rope up and down, as in the Figure below . The direction of the wave is down the length of the rope away from the hand. The rope itself moves up and down as the wave passes through it. You can watch a video of a transverse wave in a rope at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=TZIr9mpERbU . Q: What term describes a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction that the wave travels? A:
OPTIONS:
- drainage wave
- symmetrical wave
- stimulation wave
- transverse wave
Answer:
transverse wave