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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Safe Roads for America Act of
2011''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) An individual who is 65 years of age needs 4 times the
amount of light to see at night as compared to an individual
who is 25 years of age.
(2) The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety projects that by
2030 1 in every 4 drivers will be 65 years of age or older.
(3) Increasing the retroreflectivity and size of traffic
signs provides added decision time for older drivers.
(4) Increasing the retroreflectivity and size of traffic
signs also provides for faster response time by emergency
medical technicians and police and fire personnel by increasing
their ability to read and understand signs and reduce travel
time to a site.
(5) More than 50 percent of traffic accidents resulting in
fatalities occur at night, and increased retroreflectivity of
traffic signs addresses this issue.
(6) In 2007, the following deadlines were established in
the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices in response to a
statutory requirement from Congress:
(A) By January 22, 2012, roadway owners must adopt
a plan to ensure that their signs meet minimum levels
of retroreflectivity.
(B) By January 22, 2015, regulatory and warning
signs and post-mounted signs must meet minimum levels
of retroreflectivity.
(C) By January 22, 2018, overhead and street name
signs must meet minimum levels of retroreflectivity.
(7) The Federal Highway Administration has estimated that
the cost for making these retroreflectivity improvements for
signage throughout the United States is $37,000,000 over a 10-
year period.
(8) At no point must a roadway owner replace a sign that
meets the minimum levels of retroreflectivity.
(9) The United States is currently experiencing the worst
economic conditions since the Great Depression.
(10) As a result, local governments across the United
States are experiencing one of the most economically
challenging times in history, with available revenues unable to
match the costs of services demanded by the public.
(11) To compensate for depressed revenue collections during
the economic downturn, counties and cities are adopting severe
cost-cutting measures, such as laying off and furloughing
employees (including public safety personnel), cancelling or
postponing planned capital improvements, deferring necessary
maintenance, cutting equipment inventories, and in some cases
declaring bankruptcy.
(12) The costs of employee benefits continue to rise and
local governments have to devote more resources to keep up with
inflation.
(13) States are passing along the costs of services to
local governments as a method to balance their budgets.
(14) The outlook for recovery appears to be at least 5
years away given that, even when the economy recovers, local
governments experience a delay in increased tax collections due
to the nature of property tax collections.

SEC. 3. RETROREFLECTIVITY LEVEL STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO TRAFFIC SIGNS.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall modify the
target compliance dates for minimum retroreflectivity level standards
set forth in section 2A.08 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices for Streets and Highways, 2009 Edition (incorporated by
reference in subpart F of part 655 of title 23, Code of Federal
Regulations) so that the following target compliance dates apply:
(1) A target compliance date of January 22, 2012, for
implementation and continued use of an assessment or management
method that is designed to maintain traffic sign
retroreflectivity at or above the established minimum levels.
(2) A target compliance date of January 22, 2018, for
replacement of regulatory, warning, and post-mounted guide
(except street name) signs that are identified using the
assessment or management method as failing to meet the
established minimum levels.
(3) A target compliance date of January 22, 2021, for
replacement of street name signs and overhead guide signs that
are identified using the assessment or management method as
failing to meet the established minimum levels.
(b) Effect on Proposed Regulations.--The Secretary shall revise the
notice of proposed amendments published in the Federal Register on
August 31, 2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 54156), to incorporate the target
compliance dates specified in subsection (a).
(c) Funding.--The Secretary may use funds available to the
Secretary to carry out this section notwithstanding any funding
limitation enacted before the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

(a) Highway Signs and Pavement Markings.--Section 148(a)(3)(B)(xi)
of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
''(xi) Installation, replacement, and
upgrade of highway signs and pavement markings,
including any upgrade of materials and the
implementation of any assessment or management
method designed to meet a State-established
performance standard, Federal regulation, or
requirement contained in the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices relating to minimum
levels of retroreflectivity.''.
(b) Maintaining Minimum Levels of Retroreflectivity.--
(1) Definition.--Section 148(a) of such title is amended by
adding at the end the following:
''(7) Project to maintain minimum levels of
retroreflectivity.--The term 'project to maintain minimum
levels of retroreflectivity' means a project undertaken
pursuant to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
requiring public agencies to use an assessment or management
method that is designed to maintain highway sign or pavement
marking retroreflectivity at or above prescribed minimum
levels.''.
(2) Eligible projects.--Section 148(d)(1) of such title is
amended--
(A) by striking ''or'' at the end of subparagraph
(A);
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
subparagraph (C); and
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
following:
''(B) any project to maintain minimum levels of
retroreflectivity on a public road, whether or not such
project is included in the State strategic highway
safety plan; or''.
(3) Increased federal share.--The first sentence of section
120(c)(1) of such title is amended by inserting ''maintaining
minimum levels of retroreflectivity of highway signs or
pavement markings,'' after ''signalization,''.
(c) Standards for Projects To Upgrade Highway Signs and Pavement
Markings.--Section 148 of such title is amended by adding at the end
the following:
''(i) Standards for Projects To Upgrade Highway Signs and Pavement
Markings.--The Secretary shall issue standards for the use of funds
apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(5) for highway safety
improvement projects to upgrade highway signs and pavement markings in
order to meet or exceed minimum maintained levels of retroreflectivity.
Such standards shall ensure that the projects are carried out so as to
meet defined criteria, consistent with other safety upgrades, using a
systematic approach. Such standards shall permit the use of the funds
for an initial upgrade of highway signs and pavement markings in the
State, but shall prohibit the funds from being used for maintenance
activities.''.
Safe Roads for America Act of 2011 - Requires the Secretary of Transportation to modify the target compliance dates for the following minimum retroreflectivity level standards: (1) implementation and continued use of an assessment or management method that is designed to maintain traffic sign retroreflectivity at or above the established minimum levels; (2) replacement of regulatory, warning, and post-mounted guide (except street name) signs identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels; and (3) replacement of street name signs and overhead guide signs that are identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels.

Requires the Secretary to revise the notice of proposed amendments published in the Federal Register on August 31, 2011, to incorporate the new target compliance dates.

Includes measures designed to meet a state-established performance standard, federal regulation, or requirement contained in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices relating to minimum levels of retroreflectivity as projects for purposes of the highway safety improvement program.

Allows a maximum 100% federal share of the costs of construction related to maintaining minimum levels of retroreflectivity of highway signs or pavement markings.

Directs the Secretary to issue standards for the use of funds apportioned to a state for highway safety improvement projects to upgrade highway signs and pavement markings in order to meet or exceed minimum maintained levels of retroreflectivity. Requires such standards to prohibit fund use for maintenance activities.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Congressional Pay for Performance
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

For the purpose of this Act--
(1) the term ''Federal deficit'' or ''deficit'' means, with
respect to any fiscal year, the amount by which total budget
outlays of the Government for such fiscal year exceed total
revenues of the Government for such fiscal year;
(2) the term ''Member of Congress'' means an individual
serving in a position referred to in section 601(a)(1) of the
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(1)); and
(3) the term ''year'' means a calendar year.

SEC. 3. TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF USUAL PAY ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES.

Subject to section 5, rates of basic pay for Members of Congress
shall not be adjusted except in accordance with section 4.

SEC. 4. TEMPORARY ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES.

(a) In General.--Effective as of the first day of the first
applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1st of each year,
the rate of basic pay for each Member of Congress shall be reduced by
the percentage derived by multiplying the applicable factor under
subsection (b) for such year by the applicable factor under subsection
(c) for such year.
(b) Factor Reflecting Magnitude of the Deficit.--The applicable
factor under this subsection for any year is the number of hundreds of
billions of dollars to which the Federal deficit is equal, as
determined under subsection (d) with respect to such year.
(c) Factor Reflecting Degree of Success in Reducing or Eliminating
the Deficit.--The applicable factor under this subsection for any year
shall be determined in accordance with the following:
(1) For the first year beginning on or after the effective
date of this Act, the applicable factor under this subsection
is 2 percent.
(2) For each year thereafter, the applicable factor under
this subsection is--
(A) the same percentage as was applicable under
this subsection in the previous year, if the deficit
for the year in question is at least $100,000,000,000
less than--
(i) the size of the deficit for the year
referred to in paragraph (1), or
(ii) the lowest level attained in the
deficit for any year after the year referred to
in paragraph (1),
whichever is less; or
(B) 2 times the percentage which was applicable
under this subsection in the previous year, if
subparagraph (A) does not apply.
(d) Determining the Size of the Deficit.--For the purpose of any
determination under this Act, the size or level of the Federal deficit
for any year--
(1) shall be equal to the size or level of the deficit for
the fiscal year ending on the September 30th immediately
preceding the start of such year; and
(2) shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of
$100,000,000,000 (or, if midway between multiples of
$100,000,000,000, to the next higher multiple of
$100,000,000,000).
(e) Limitation.--Nothing in this Act shall have the effect of
reducing any rate of basic pay below $1.
(f) Suspension in Time of War.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), upon the
enactment of a declaration of war--
(A) subsections (a) through (d) shall be suspended;
and
(B) any subsequent reduction in rates of basic pay
for Members of Congress under such subsections shall be
precluded.
(2) Restoration.--In the event of a suspension of
subsections (a) through (d) due to a declaration of war, then,
effective with the first year that begins in the session after
the state of war is concluded by Senate ratification of the
necessary treaties--
(A) the provisions of subsections (a) through (d)
shall be restored to full force and effect, and any
adjustment scheduled to take effect on or after the
first day of such year shall be implemented in
accordance with such provisions; and
(B) the initial rate of basic pay for a Member of
Congress (before the implementation of any adjustment
referred to in subparagraph (A)) shall be equal to the
rate of basic pay in effect for such a Member as of the
day before the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 5. EFFECT OF ELIMINATING THE DEFICIT.

(a) In General.--Effective as of the first day of the first
applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1st of the first
year with respect to which the deficit is determined to have been
eliminated--
(1) the provisions of law suspended by section 2
(disregarding subsection (f) thereof) shall be restored to full
force and effect, and any adjustment scheduled to take effect
on or after such first day under such provisions shall be
implemented in accordance with such provisions;
(2) the initial rate of basic pay for a Member of Congress
(before the implementation of any adjustment referred to in
paragraph (1)) shall be equal to 2 times the rate of basic pay
in effect for such a Member as of the effective date of this
Act.
(3) the provisions of section 4 shall cease to be
effective.
(b) Rule Relating to Determining When the Deficit Has Been
Eliminated.--
(1) In general.--For the purpose of this Act, the deficit
shall be considered to have been eliminated as of the start of
the first year for which the applicable factor under section
4(b) would be less than 1.
(2) No tax increase.--The condition under paragraph (1)
shall be considered unmet if there is enacted, after the
effective date of this Act, any legislation that reduces the
Federal deficit by changing the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

(a) In General.--This Act shall take effect on January 1st of the
first year beginning after the first election of Representatives
following the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Definition.--For the purpose of subsection (a), the term
''election of Representatives'' has the meaning given such term by
225(i)(4)(B) of the Federal Salary Act of 1967 (2 U.S.C. 359(4)(B)).
Congressional Pay for Performance Act - Suspends basic pay adjustments for Members of Congress, and requires pay reductions, until the deficit is reduced to below $50,000,000,000 without the enactment of any change in the Internal Revenue Code.
Requires an annual reduction in pay by a percentage equal to: (1) two percent times the number of hundreds of billions of dollars of the deficit in the first year after enactment; or (2) twice that percentage for any year following a year for which the deficit is not at least $100,000,000,000 less than the lowest level attained after enactment of this Act.
Suspends pay reductions upon enactment of a declaration of war and reinstates them when the state of war is concluded.
Restores pay adjustment procedures suspended by this Act, and provides for a rate of basic pay of twice the rate in effect as of the effective date of this Act, for the first year with respect to which the deficit is less than $50,000,000,000.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Rapid Pathogen Identification to
Delivery of Cures Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND POLICY.

(a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows:
(1) The possibility exists today that terrorists or others
who intend harm to United States forces deployed abroad or to
the homeland will use techniques in biotechnology to enhance
the transmissibility, stability, virulence, or host range of a
biological agent, or to render existing diagnostic,
therapeutic, and vaccine strategies or innate immune responses
against a biological agent less effective.
(2) This possibility will likely grow over time as such
techniques develop, improve, and spread as an inevitable result
of biotechnology innovation.
(3) Natural processes can also lead to the emergence of
previously unknown and harmful pathogens or render known
pathogens resistant to existing diagnostic, therapeutic, or
adaptive immune approaches.
(4) Long delays in developing new and effective responses
to pathogens are typical. The discovery, development, and
approval process for new drugs and vaccines typically requires
10 to 20 years and costs an average of $800 million. These
constraints reflect the long, costly research and development
process, including the failure of most drug or vaccine
candidates to demonstrate favorable characteristics in pre-
clinical testing, as well as the expensive, time-consuming
clinical trials required to prove the safety and effectiveness
of new treatments.
(5) Congress has already authorized the abridgement of the
long testing and approval process required to ensure safety and
efficacy under the emergency conditions of a severe outbreak of
a harmful pathogen. However, it will likely still take years
for even an experimental treatment or vaccine to become
available.
(6) There is no coordinated, focused research and
development program or overall national strategy to achieve
significant and dramatic reductions in the timeframe from the
identification of a pathogen to the development and emergency
approval for human use of reasonably safe and effective new
biodefense medical countermeasures against a previously unknown
or engineered pathogen or toxin.
(7) Even utilizing existing technologies, there is no
organized capability in the public or private sector to rapidly
screen drug candidates for potential therapeutic activity
against pathogens, develop and manufacture drug, biological, or
medical device products, or test already approved treatments
for efficacy against a previously unknown or engineered
biological threat that puts our deployed armed forces or the
homeland at risk.
(8) In the area of infectious disease in particular,
private sector firms are abandoning all types of innovation and
research and development in favor of investments in more
profitable medical markets.
(9) Tremendous potential exists for benefits to health by
concerted, targeted public-private investment to dramatically
reduce the timeframe for the development of new
countermeasures. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries are fundamentally innovative and are quick to
integrate new technologies. Useful and important discoveries
and technological advances will be rapidly absorbed by the
private sector, leading to faster delivery of new medicines and
reductions in the costs of drug development.
(b) Policy.--The Congress hereby declares it to be the national
policy of the United States to promote technological advancements that
will dramatically reduce the timeframe for the development of new
medical countermeasures to treat or prevent disease caused by
infectious disease agents or toxins that, through natural processes or
intentional introduction, may pose a significant risk to public health
now or in the future.

SEC. 3. RAPID BIODEFENSE COUNTERMEASURES DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL STRATEGY.

Title III of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 181 et
seq.) (Public Law 107-296) is amended by inserting after section 304
the following section:

''SEC. 304A. RAPID BIODEFENSE COUNTERMEASURES DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL
STRATEGY.

''(a) National Strategy for Shortening the Medical Countermeasure
Development Timeframe.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of the Rapid Pathogen Identification to Delivery of Cures
Act, the Secretaries of Homeland Security, Health and Human Services,
and Defense shall submit to Congress a report setting forth a strategy
to achieve dramatic reductions in the timeframe from pathogen
identification to the development and emergency approval for human use
of reasonably safe and effective priority countermeasure against a
novel or unknown pathogen or toxin.
''(b) Elements.--The report under subsection (a) shall include the
following:
''(1) The identification of the technical impediments to
reductions in the timeframe from pathogen identification to
priority countermeasure development and approval under
emergency conditions.
''(2) The identification of the research, development, and
technology needs and clinical research needs to address these
impediments.
''(3) The identification of existing research and
development efforts in Federal agencies, academia and industry
that are addressing the needs identified in subsection (c)(2).
''(4) The identification of facilities, programs and
resources that can be utilized to address these research,
development, and technology needs and clinical research needs
among--
''(A) Federal agencies;
''(B) colleges and universities;
''(C) not-for-profit institutions;
''(D) industry, including information technology,
software, robotics, pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies and their consortia; and
''(E) foreign research and technological
institutions.
''(5) A proposal for the establishment of a coordinated and
integrated federal program to address these research,
development, and technology needs, including--
''(A) the application of Federal Government
resources, including recommendations for the allocation
and prioritization of Federal funds;
''(B) interagency management and coordination
mechanisms;
''(C) the establishment of partnerships between
private corporations and Federal agencies or Federally
funded entities;
''(D) information and technology sharing and
coordination mechanisms among public, private,
academic, not-for-profit, and international
institutions;
''(E) the use of incentives to promote private
sector participation; and
''(F) the adjustment of Federal regulatory
requirements to promote private sector innovation.
''(6) The identification of potential liability concerns
stemming from distribution of rapidly-developed priority
countermeasures under emergency conditions and a proposal for
regulatory or legislative approaches to eliminating these
concerns.
''(7) A proposal for managing the transfer of new
technologies and associated intellectual property rights.
''(c) Considerations.--In developing the national strategy under
subsection (a), the Secretaries shall consider--
''(1) the research, development, and technology needs and
clinical research needs of the entire pathogen identification
to priority countermeasures discovery, development, production,
and approval process, including--
''(A) initial identification and characterization
of a pathogen or toxin, including the identification of
any genetic or other manipulations;
''(B) priority countermeasures discovery;
''(C) pre-clinical testing and evaluation of
priority countermeasures;
''(D) safety and efficacy animal testing, including
the needs for approval under emergency conditions and
accelerated approval of new priority countermeasure
under the final rule 'New Drug and Biological Drug
Products; Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Effectiveness
of New Drugs When Human Efficacy Studies Are Not
Ethical or Feasible' published in the Federal Register
on May 31, 2002 (67 Fed. Reg. 37988);
''(E) safety and efficacy human testing, including
mechanisms for the conduct of clinical trials under
emergency conditions;
''(F) research-scale and full production-scale
manufacturing, including biologics manufacturing
sciences; and
''(G) the approval of priority countermeasure under
emergency conditions;
''(2) the potential importance of advanced technologies
such as automation, computer modeling and simulation,
bioinformatics, pharmacogenomics, and bioengineering techniques
for manufacturing;
''(3) the availability of sufficient manufacturing capacity
for priority countermeasures production to meet potential
public demand under emergency conditions; and
''(4) the current state of national and international
collaborative research networks and applications to facilitate
and encourage the rapid and coordinated development and sharing
of laboratory and clinical research planning and results.
''(d) Authority to Contract.--The Secretary of Homeland Security,
after consultation with the Secretaries of Health and Human Services
and Defense and the working group established under section 319F(a) of
the Public Health Service Act, may contract with any one or more for-
profit or non-profit firm or institution to conduct the necessary
research and analysis needed to complete any one or more of the
elements described in subsection (b) of the report required in this
section, provided the considerations described in subsection (c) are
met.
''(e) Definitions.--In this section:
''(1) The term 'emergency conditions' refers to a
declaration of emergency under section 564 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
''(2) The term 'pathogen identification' means the point in
time in which a specific agent that can be reasonably assumed
to be the cause of (or has the potential to be the cause of) an
infectious disease or toxin-induced syndrome has been
identified and partially or wholly characterized
scientifically.
''(3) The term 'priority countermeasure' has the same
meaning given such term in section 319F(h) of the Public Health
Service Act.
''(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000
for fiscal year 2005.''.

SEC. 4. CLINICAL RESEARCH UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
establish a system for the rapid establishment of clinical research
programs to examine the safety and efficacy of new or existing
treatments for novel, unknown, or bioengineered pathogens or toxins.
The Secretary shall also provide the means for rapid dissemination of
results and recommendations to clinicians nationwide.
(b) Emergency Fund.--A fund is authorized to be established for
use, at the discretion of the Secretary, solely for the support of
clinical research as described in subsection (a).

SEC. 5. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

Section 319F(a) of the Public Health Service Act, as amended by
Public Law 107-188, is amended--
(1) by inserting ''the Secretary of Homeland Security,''
after ''in coordination with the'';
(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (L) as
subparagraphs (E) through (M), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following
subparagraph:
''(D) development of a national strategy to achieve
dramatic reductions in the timeframe from the
identification of a pathogen to the development and
approval for human use under emergency conditions of
priority countermeasures against a novel, unknown, or
engineered pathogen or toxin;''.

SEC. 6. DEVELOPING THE CAPABILITY FOR RAPID BIODEFENSE COUNTERMEASURE
DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Research.--Section 319F(h)(1) of the Public Health Service Act,
as amended by Public Law 107-188, is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ''and'' after the
semicolon;
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E);
and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following
subparagraph:
''(D) the development of a capability to rapidly
identify, develop, produce, and approve for human use
under emergency conditions priority countermeasures
against a novel, unknown, or engineered pathogen or
toxin; and''.
(b) Research and Development at the Department of Defense.--Section
1601(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004
(Public Law 108-136) is amended by adding at the end the following:
''The program shall also include research, development, and procurement
to provide the Federal Government with the capability to rapidly
identify, develop, produce, and approve for human use under emergency
conditions priority countermeasures against a novel, unknown, or
engineered pathogen or toxin, and for which no existing countermeasure
has been determined to be safe or efficacious.''.
(c) Research and Development at the Department of Homeland
Security.--Title III of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended
by section 3 of this Act, is amended by inserting after section 304A
the following section:

''SEC. 304B. DEVELOPING THE CAPABILITY FOR RAPID BIODEFENSE
COUNTERMEASURE DEVELOPMENT.

''The Secretary, in collaboration with the Secretaries of Defense
and Health and Human Services, shall carry out a program for research,
development, and procurement to provide the Federal Government with the
capability to rapidly identify, develop, produce, and approve for human
use under emergency conditions priority countermeasures against a
novel, unknown, or engineered pathogen or toxin, and for which no
existing countermeasure has been determined to be safe or
efficacious.''.
Rapid Pathogen Identification to Delivery of Cures Act - Amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require the Secretaries of Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, and Defense to submit a report setting forth a strategy to reduce the time frame from the identification of a pathogen to the development and emergency approval of a safe and effective countermeasure, which should include: (1) technical impediments to reducing this time frame; (2) research, development, and technology needs to address these impediments; (3) existing efforts to address such needs; (4) a proposal to establish a coordinated and integrated Federal program to address such needs; and (5) potential liability concerns stemming from distribution of rapidly developed priority countermeasures.

Allows the Secretary of Homeland Security to contract with any firm or institution to conduct research and analysis needed for this report.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a system to rapidly: (1) establish clinical research programs to examine the safety and efficacy of treatments for novel, unknown, or bioengineered pathogens; and (2) disseminate results and recommendations to clinicians. Authorizes establishment of a fund to support such clinical research.

Amends the Public Health Service Act to add the Secretary of Homeland Security to the working group on bioterrorism and to require the working group to assist in developing such a strategy.

Requires the Secretaries of Health and Human Services, Defense, and Homeland Security to conduct programs to develop the capability to rapidly identify, develop, produce, and approve countermeasures.