Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Thermal Expansion The intermolecular forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated (typically only a few percent over a 100C temperature range). Thus the volumes of liquids are somewhat fixed. Notice from Table 11.1 "The Density of Water at Various Temperatures" that the density of water, for example, changes by only about 3% over a 90-degree temperature range. Table 11.1 The Density of Water at Various Temperatures. Q: What forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated? A:
OPTIONS:
- particles forces
- outermolecular forces
- gravitational forces
- intermolecular forces
Answer: intermolecular forces

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Golgi apparatus is usually made up of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered stacks of discs called cisternae (singular, cisterna ), as shown in Figure below . Both plant and animal cells have a Golgi apparatus. A typical mammalian cell will have 40 to 80 of these stacks. While plant cells can have up to several hundred Golgi stacks scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In plants, the Golgi apparatus contains enzymes that synthesize some of the cell wall polysaccharides. Q: Which organelle is made up of 5 to eight cup shaped, membrane covered stacks of discs known as cisternae? A:
OPTIONS:
- vacuole
- nucleus
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
output: golgi apparatus

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Quaternary Period is the time since the beginning of the ice ages. The climate has been cooler than it was earlier in the Cenozoic. Since the end of the Pleistocene ice ages, which are probably not entirely over, we have been in the Holocene Epoch. The Holocene is also called the Recent. Q: What is the time since the beginning of the ice ages? A:

OPTIONS:
- Paleolithic era
- Mesozoic epocH
- Jurassic period
- quaternary period

A: quaternary period

input: OPTIONS:
- build it up
- strengthen it
- lengthen it
- break it down Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break down bone. These processes help maintain mineral homeostasis. Q: What do osteoclasts do to bone? A:
A:
output: break it down

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note the Pattern Few binary molecular compounds of nitrogen are formed by the direct reaction of the elements. At elevated temperatures, nitrogen reacts with highly electropositive metals to formionic nitrides, such as Li3N and Ca3N2. These compounds consist of ionic lattices formed by M n+ and N3 ions. Just as boron forms interstitial borides and carbon forms interstitial carbides, with less electropositive metals nitrogen forms a range ofinterstitial nitrides, in which nitrogen occupies holes in a close-packed metallic structure. Like the interstitial carbides and borides, these substances are typically very hard, high-melting materials that have metallic luster and conductivity. Nitrogen also reacts with semimetals at very high temperatures to produce covalent nitrides, such as Si3N4 and BN, which are solids with extended covalent network structures similar to those of graphite or diamond. Consequently, they are usually high melting and chemically inert materials. Ammonia (NH3) is one of the few thermodynamically stable binary compounds of nitrogen with a nonmetal. It is not flammable in air, but it burns in an O2 atmosphere: Equation 22.30. Q: What (nh3) is one of the few thermodynamically stable binary compounds of nitrogen with a nonmetal? A:

OPTIONS:
- liquid nitrogen
- acetic acid
- nitrous oxide
- ammonia

Answer: ammonia

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Myelin The insulation for axons in the nervous system is provided by glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and by doing so creates a myelin sheath that facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. It also includes important proteins that are integral to that membrane. Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together. The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog for "pigs in a blanket" or a similar food. The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 12.13a). The edges of this loose enclosure extend toward each other, and one end tucks under the other. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed. Q: What is the lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon? A:

OPTIONS:
- axon sheath
- neural sheath
- receptors sheath
- myelin sheath

A:
myelin sheath