Answer the following question given this paragraph: We will use sodium chloride as an example to demonstrate the nature of the ionic bond and how it forms. As you know, sodium is a metal and loses its one valence electron to become a cation. Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming an anion. Both achieve a noble-gas electron configuration. However, electrons cannot be simply "lost" to nowhere in particular. A more accurate way to describe what is happening is that a single electron is transferred from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom as shown below. Q: Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming a what? A:
OPTIONS:
- sulfate
- carbonate
- atom
- anion
anion

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water treatment is a series of processes that remove unwanted substances from water. More processes are needed to purify water for drinking than for other uses. Q: What does water treatment do to water? A:
OPTIONS:
- increases volume
- restores bacteria
- adds flavor
- removes unwanted substances

Answer: removes unwanted substances

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Q: Isotopes have different number of these in their nuclei? A:
OPTIONS:
- protons
- electrons
- atoms
- neutrons
Answer: neutrons

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Albedo is the amount of light reflected by a surface. Sea ice has an albedo of .85, meaning 85% of light is reflected back from its surface (and leaves the Earth) and 15% is absorbed and stays in the Earth; ice-free water has an albedo of .07. (93% of the solar energy is absorbed. ) Thus the observed melting of sea ice could amplify the effect of global warming. Q: What is the scientific term for the amount of light reflected by a surface? A:
OPTIONS:
- prism
- inversion
- reactivity
- albedo
output: albedo

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Based on their knowledge of subatomic particles, scientists have developed a theory called the standard model to explain all the matter in the universe and how it is held together. The model includes only the fundamental particles in the Table above . No other particles are needed to explain all kinds of matter. According to the model, all known matter consists of quarks and leptons that interact by exchanging bosons, which transmit fundamental forces. The standard model is a good theory because all of its predictions have been verified by experimental data. However, the model doesn't explain everything, including the force of gravity and why matter has mass. Scientists continue to search for evidence that will allow them to explain these aspects of force and matter as well. You can learn much more about the standard model at the URL below. Click on "the standard model" and follow the sequence titled "What is fundamental?". Q: What is the theory scientists use to explain the matter in the universe and how it's held together? A:

OPTIONS:
- specific model
- original model
- organic model
- standard model

A: standard model

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many human actions make it easier for wind and water to carry away soil. They include plowing, logging, construction, and even some types of recreation. Q: Human actions such as plowing, logging, construction and other actions contribute to what kind of erosion? A:
OPTIONS:
- weathering
- flooding
- wind erosion
- soil erosion
soil erosion