Question: Microbiology (from Greek , "mikros", "small"; , "bios", "life"; and , "-logia") is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology.

Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound cell organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organismsall of which are microorganismsare conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include eubacteria and archaebacteria. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences.

Viruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took searchdiscovering "infectious proteins".

The existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome. The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch. 1. what are the word roots of "microbiology?"
2. what do they mean?
3. what is microbiology?
4. who is considered the father of the study?
5. who was the first to see microbes?
6. where did he see them?
7. when?
8. was he the first to record a microscope observation?
9. who was?
10. what did he visualize?
11. when?
12. Were they thought to exist before visual proof was found?
13. who in Rome predicted their existance?
14. did anyone in India expect them to exist? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. The Greek "mikros", "bios" and "-logia")
2. Mikros is small and bios is life.
3. The study of microorganisms
4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
5. Athanasius Kircher
6. In milk and putrid material
7. 1658
8. No
9. Robert Hooke
10. The fruiting bodies of moulds
11. In 1666
12. Yes
13. Marcus Terentius Varro
14. Yes

Question: Probably no other musical instrument is as popular as the guitar around the world. Musicians use the guitar for almost all kinds of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.

Music experts do not agree about where the guitar was first played. Most agree it is ancient. Some experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than 1,000 years ago. Most experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the 12thcentury. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s it became similar to the instrument we know today.

Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous Italian violins Niccole Paganism played and wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. In modern times Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.

In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid-bodied electric guitar in 1946. The Gibson Guitar Company began producing its famous Les Paul Guitar in 1952. It became a powerful influence on popular music. The instrument has the same shape and the same six strings as the traditional guitar, but it sounds very different. Les Paul produced a series of extremely popular recordings that introduced the public to this music. Listen to this Les Paul recording. It was the fifth most popular song in the United States in 1952. It is called "Meet Mister Callaghan." 1. What muscial instrument is being talked about here?
2. What kind of music you usually hear a guitar?
3. Where was it first played?
4. What about the modern guitar?
5. Did any famous muscians play the guitar in those times?
6. Who?
7. When was the electric guitar famous?
8. who was les paul
9. Did he use a special guitar?
10. What did it look like
11. Did Les have any popular songs? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. the guitar
2. all kinds of music
3. Egypt
4. Spain
5. yes
6. Niccole Paganism
7. 1952
8. A guitar player
9. Yes
10. Like a traditional guitar?
11. Yes

Question: To get to the tennis court, Conner Stroud has to push his wheelchair there.

The 15-yea-old from North Carolina, US was born without legs. But when he picks up his racquet and begins to hit a ball, you quickly see that the young man just want to win.

Stroud began playing tennis at age 5 at the small tennis club his parents own. For years, he played against able-bodied players by putting rubber on the stumps of his legs. Though he was a foot (30.48cm) or two shorter than many of the players he played against, he won a number of matches. He became well-known enough that he got to meet Rafael Nadal, his favorite player at the US Open in 2013.

"The most important thing is that he's happy," Nadal told reports about Stroud after that 15-minute meeting. "He's playing tennis... That's a great example of being happy even if life doesn't give you everything."

Stroud started playing wheelchair tennis at 13 and now he is No 1 in the US.

Earlier this summer, he played for the US in the world's biggest junior wheelchair team tennis event --- the World Team Cup. He played six matches and won five of them as the US won the cup for the first time since 2000.

"He is a polite boy , but he will rip your heart out trying to beat you," Jason Harnett, a United States Tennis Association coach, said of Stroud. "You see that attitude in a lot of the best players, whether they are able-bodied or disabled.

Teenage players can often get disappointed and angry. Racquets sometimes get thrown. Players shout at themselves after missed shots. Stroud never does that.

" I just try to stay positive," Stroud said. "After every point, I try to say I'm going to win the next point, or the next game, or the next game, or the whole match.

" There's always room to be positive . You can always win another time." 1. When did Stroud start playing tennis?
2. Where?
3. Who owned it?
4. What was he missing at birth?
5. How did he play against people with legs?
6. What did he use rubber for?
7. Did this equalize their heights?
8. What difference remained?
9. How old is he now?
10. How does he get around?
11. What kind of tennis does he play?
12. Is he ranked?
13. What?
14. When did he start playing this?
15. When did he play in the World Team Cup?
16. How many matches was he in?
17. How many did he lose?
18. Who is his favorite player?
19. Did he meet him?
20. When? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers:
1. Age 5
2. At the tennis club
3. his parents
4. legs
5. his wheelchair
6. by putting it on the stumps of his legs
7. No
8. a foot (30.48cm) or two
9. 15
10. his wheelchair
11. wheelchair
12. Yes
13. No 1
14. At 13
15. Earlier this summer
16. six
17. He won five of them
18. Rafael Nadal
19. Yes
20. in 2013