Problem: East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Poles and Lithuanians formed minorities. From the 13th century, East Prussia was part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 it became a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525, with the Prussian Homage, the province became the Duchy of Prussia. The Old Prussian language had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.

Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.
1. When were the native Prussians conquered?
2. by who?
3. who survived?
4. what were they converted to?
5. Who was the dominant ethnic group?
6. and the minority?
7. why?
8. When was the second peace of Thorn?
9. What happened in 1525?
10. What happened to the language?
11. when?
12. Was duchy in the core Holy Empire?
13. what happened because of this?
14. When did this start?
15. When was eastern Prussia connected by land with the rest of the state?
16. When was it recgonized?
17. What forms Province of prussia?
18. when did this happen?
19. Who were the native Prussians defeated by?
20. that was when?
Answer: 1. During the 13th century
2. by the crusading Teutonic Knights
3. The indigenous Balts
4. Christianity
5. the Germans
6. Poles and Lithuanians
7. Because of Germanization and colonisation
8. 1466
9. the province became the Duchy of Prussia
10. it became extinct
11. by the 17th or early 18th century
12. No
13. the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia
14. in 1701
15. in 1772
16. in 1773
17. the Province of East Prussia and West Prussia
18. Between 1829 and 1878
19. by the crusading Teutonic Knights
20. During the 13th century

Problem: All antidepressant drugs are not created equal, according to the authors of one of the few studies that have ever systematically analyzed and compared "new generation" medicines for treating depression.

What qualities are important in an anti-depressant? Efficacy? Tolerance? Side effects? Cost?

In the analysis of 12 drugs, two came out on top as the most effective and best tolerated as first-line treatments: sertraline (Zoloft) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Venlafaxine (Effexor) and mirtazapine (Remeron) rounded out the top four for effectiveness, but venlafaxine was also among the four drugs patients were most likely to quit taking because of side effects. Reboxetine (Edronax) was less effective than the rest.

While psychiatrists treating depressed patients every day have had a sense of which medications are best, the current study "nails it," says Sagar V. Parikh, M.D., of the University of Toronto. Parikh, who wrote a comment accompanying the study that is published in the current issue of The Lancet, says the findings have "enormous implications" because, for the first time, they offer doctors an evidence-based, unbiased way to recommend treatment. And, he adds, they give patients a "gold standard of reliable information," especially since the study's authors plan to make their findings available free on the Web.

Not so fast, says Gerald Gartlehner, M.D., M.P.H., who coauthored a review of the benefits and risks of the same 12 drugs published last November in the Annals of Internal Medicine. He and his colleagues concluded, based on their review done while Gartlehner was at the RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina., that there was no clinically meaningful evidence that any one of the drugs was better than the rest. Instead, they argued, decisions on which drug to use should be based on factors such as cost and side effects.
1. How many different drugs were analyzed?
2. And what kind of drugs were they?
3. Were they all found to be equally effective?
4. Were any identified as being the most effective?
5. Which?
6. Were any of them definitively the least effective?
7. Which one?
8. Did they print the results in a journal?
9. Which one?
10. Were the results important?
11. Who suggested that?
12. And what's his profession?
13. Where does he work?
14. Is there universal agreement that the results were important?
15. Who believes that?
16. Do his coworkers believe it too?
17. Where did they do their work leading to that conclusion?
18. In what state?
19. And what do their results suggest on the other hand?
20. Did they publish their work too?
Answer: 1. 12
2. antidepressants
3. no
4. yes
5. sertraline and escitalopram
6. yes
7. Reboxetine
8. yes
9. The Lancet
10. yes
11. Sagar V. Parikh
12. a doctor
13. University of Toronto
14. no
15. Gerald Gartlehner
16. yes
17. at the RTI-UNC
18. North Carolina
19. none the drugs was better than the rest.
20. yes

Problem: Saint Pierre and Miquelon, officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France, situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near the Newfoundland and Labrador province of Canada. It is the only part of New France that remains under French control, with an area of 242 km and a population of 6,080 at the January 2011 census.

The islands are situated at the entrance of Fortune Bay, which extends into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland, near the Grand Banks. They are from Brest, the nearest point in Metropolitan France, but only from the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland.

Saint-Pierre is French for Saint Peter, the patron saint of fishermen.

The present name of Miquelon was first noted in the form of "Micquelle" in the Basque sailor Martin de Hoyarcabal's navigational pilot for Newfoundland. It has been claimed that the name "Miquelon" is a Basque form of Michael; Mikel and Mikels are usually named Mikelon in the Basque Country. Therefore, from Mikelon it may have been written in the French way with a "q" instead of a "k".

Though the Basque Country is divided between Spain and France, most Basques live on the south side of the border and speak Spanish, and Miquelon may have been influenced by the Spanish name Miguelon, an augmentative form of Miguel meaning "big Michael". The adjoined island's name of "Langlade" is said to be an adaptation of "l'ile a l'Anglais" (Englishman's Island).
1. What area has a population of 6,080?
2. What country is it affiliated with?
3. Does it govern itself?
4. How large is it?
5. What areas make up the collective?
6. Do they have names?
7. What are they?
8. Was one of them named after Saint Patrick?
9. Which religious figure, then?
10. Is he the religious figure of those who fish, or those who hunt?
11. What common moniker is the other part named for?
12. What is that in English?
13. What is Basque separated between?
14. Where do most reside?
15. Is there another body of land that is joined to it?
16. What's it called?
17. What does that mean in English?
18. Is the collective under German rule?
19. How many people reside there in 2018?
Answer:
1. the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2. France
3. yes
4. 242 km
5. islands at the entrance of Fortune Bay, which extend into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland
6. Yes
7. Saint Pierre and Miquelon
8. no
9. Saint Peter
10. fishermen.
11. Micquelle
12. "Miquelon" is a Basque form of Michael
13. Spain and France
14. the south side of the border
15. yes
16. "Langlade"
17. Englishman's Island
18. no
19. unknown