Input: Round of 16 and quarter-finals In the second round, Germany beat Paraguay 1-0 with a late goal by Oliver Neuville in Seogwipo. England defeated Denmark in Niigata 3-0, with all goals occurring in the first half of the game. Sweden and Senegal faced off in Oita and finished 1-1 in regular time and it took a golden goal from Henri Camara in extra time to settle the game for Senegal 2-1. Spain and Ireland played in Suwon, where Spain led most of the match 1-0 until a late penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane made the match go 1-1 sending it to extra time, where Spain outlasted Ireland 3-2 in a penalty shoot-out. The United States beat CONCACAF rivals Mexico 2-0 in Jeonju, thanks to the goals of Brian McBride and Landon Donovan. Brazil defeated Belgium 2-0 in Kobe, with an amazing volley by Rivaldo and a splendid counter-attack goal by Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer). Turkey ended co-hosts Japans run with a 1-0 win in Miyagi, thanks to a Umit Davala goal in the 12th minute. The other co-hosts, South Korea, defeated Italy 2-1 in extra time in Daejeon with a goal by Ahn Jung-hwan in the 117th minute, after a match filled with many controversial referring decisions. South Koreas win ensured that, for the very first time in the Cups history, teams from each of Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Asia reached the quarter-finals of the same tournament.

Question: In the second round, how many teams won by more than one point?

Input: Taiwan was first populated by Austronesian people and was colonized by the Dutch, who had arrived in 1623. The Kingdom of Tungning, lasting from 1661 to 1683, was the first Han Chinese government to rule Taiwan. From 1683, the Qing Dynasty ruled Taiwan as a prefecture and in 1875 divided the island into two prefectures. In 1885 the island was made into a separate Chinese province to speed up development in this region. In the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan and Penghu were ceded by the Qing Dynasty to Japan in 1895. Japanese troops in Taiwan surrendered to the Republic of China at end of World War II, putting Taiwan under a Chinese government again after 50 years of Japanese rule. The ROC would then claim sovereignty on the basis of the Qing dynasty's administration, Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Declaration, and Japanese Instrument of Surrender, but this became contested by pro-independence groups in subsequent years due to different perceptions of the said documents' legality. Upon losing the Chinese civil war in 1949, the ROC government retreated to Taipei, and kept control over a few islands along the coast of mainland China and in the South China Sea. The People's Republic of China was established in mainland China on 1 October 1949, claiming to be the successor to the ROC. Quemoy, Matsu and Wuchiu on the coast of Fukien, Taiping and Pratas in the South China Sea, are part of the ROC's present territory, but were not ceded to Japan. Some arguments supporting the independence of Taiwan do not apply to these islands.

Question: Why was Taiwan made into a seperate chinese province?

Input: Between 1961 and 1980, the population of Jakarta doubled and during the period 19801990, the citys population grew annually by 3.7%. The 2010 census counted some 9.58 million people, well above all government estimates. The population has risen from 4.5 million in 1970 doubled to 9.5 million in 2010, counting only its legal residents, while the population of Jabodetabek has risen from 8.2 million in 1970 jumping to 28.5 million in 2010. According to the governments Jakarta in Figures document, the population stood at 10,187,595 in 2011 and 9,761,407 in 2012. As per 2014, the population of Jakarta stood at 10,075,310 people. with a population density of 15,174 people/km2. As per 2014, the population of Jabodetabek was 30,326,103, accounting for 11% of Indonesias overall population. The gender ratio was 102.8 (males per 100 females) in 2010 and 101.3 in 2014.

Question: Which period does the city's population grow annually by 3.7%, 1980-1990 or 1961-1980?

Input: Open warfare broke out in 1352, when John V, supported by Venetian and Serbian troops, launched an attack on Matthew Kantakouzenos. John Kantakouzenos came to his son's aid with 10,000 Ottoman troops who retook the cities of Thrace, liberally plundering them in the process. In October 1352, at Demotika, the Ottoman force met and defeated 4,000 Serbs provided to John V by Dushan. This was the Ottomans' first victory in Europe and an ominous portent. Two years later their capture of Gallipoli marked the beginning of the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, culminating a century later in the Fall of Constantinople. Meanwhile, John V fled to the island of Tenedos, from where he made an unsuccessful attempt to seize Constantinople in March 1353. John VI Kantakouzenos responded by having Matthew crowned as co-emperor, but John V Palaiologos, enlisting Genoese support and relying on the declining popularity of Kantakouzenos, succeeded in entering the capital in November 1354. John VI Kantakouzenos abdicated and retired to a monastery. Matthew held out in Thrace making war upon the Serbs in 1356. Then Matthew gathered an army of 5,000 Turks and marched on Serres the Serbian held capital of John Ugleisha. Stephen Urosh V whose mother also ruled at Serres decided to raise an army to defend his mother and in 1357 when Matthew and his Turks attacked, The Serbian army under Vojin The Count of Drama came to the rescue and the Turks were defeated and Matthew captured and held hostage until his ransom was paid by the Emperor John V Palaiologos who was now the sole master of a rump state. Matthew was allowed to go to the Morea and reign there with his brother Manuel.

Question:
How many centuries after the first unsuccessful attempt to seize Constantinople would it finally fall?