Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.

Paragraph- Sent 1: Triumph and Disaster: The 20th century saw a stupendous release of energies that had been pent up for the 250 years of Tokugawa isolation.
Sent 2: By 1930 raw-material production had tripled the figure of 1900, manufactured goods had increased twelve-fold, and heavy industry was galloping towards maturity.
Sent 3: Britain led the World War I Ailies in large orders for munitions, while Japan expanded sales of manufactured goods to Asian and other markets cut off from their usual European suppliers.
Sent 4: Merchant shipping doubled in size and increased its income ten-fold as the European fleets were destroyed.
Sent 5: Setbacks in the 1930s caused by the European postwar slump were only a spur to redouble efforts by diversifying heavy industry into the machine-making, metallurgical, and chemical sectors.
Sent 6: Even the terrible 1923 Tokyo earthquake, which cost over 100,000 lives and billions of dollars, provided another stimulus due to the construction boom that followed.
Sent 7: Riding the crest of this economic upsurge were the zaibatsu conglomeratesa dozen family-run combines, each involved in mining, manufacturing, marketing, shipping, and banking.
Sent 8: These tightly controlled commercial pyramids were the true heirs to the old feudal structures.
Sent 9: Japan's progress toward parliamentary democracy was halted in the 1930s by the growing nationalism being imposed on government by the generals and admirals.
Sent 10: They proclaimed Japan's mission to bring progress to its backward Asian neighbors in language not so very different from that of the Europeans in Africa or the US in Latin America.
Sent 11: After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union was regarded as a major threat to Japan's security, and the army felt it needed Manchuria and whatever other Chinese territory it could control as a buffer against Russian advances.
Sent 12: In 1931 the Japanese occupied Manchuria.
Sent 13: And then in 1937, with the popular support of ultra-right-wing groups, the army overrode parliamentary resistance in Tokyo and went to war against the Chinese Nationalists.
Sent 14: By 1938, they held Nanking, Hankow, and Canton.
Sent 15: Japanese expansionist policies were leading to direct confrontation with the West.
Sent 16: Japan hoped that war in Europe would divert the Soviet Union from interference in East Asia, giving Japan a free hand both in China and, through its alliance with Germany, in French IndoChina after the defeat of France.
Sent 17: The US responded to the Japanese invasion of IndoChina with a trade and fuel embargo, cutting off 90 percent of Japan's supplies.
Sent 18: The result was the attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941) and total war.
Question: Why did japan occupy Manchuria in 1931?.
Japan believed it needed the territory to buffer against Russian advances.

Paragraph- Sent 1: Albert Bandura OC (/baen'dU@r@/; born December 4, 1925) is a psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University.
Sent 2: For almost six decades, he has been responsible for contributions to the field of education and to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
Sent 3: He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment.
Sent 4: Social learning theory is how people learn through observing others.
Sent 5: An example of social learning theory would be the students imitating the teacher.
Sent 6: Self-efficacy is "The belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations."Sent 7: To paraphrase, self-efficiacy is believing in yourself to take action.
Sent 8: The Bobo Doll Experiment was how Albert Bandura studied aggression and non-aggression in children.
Sent 9: A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fourth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind B. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget, and as the most cited living one.
Sent 10: Bandura is widely described as the greatest living psychologist, and as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.
Sent 11: In 1974 Bandura was elected to be the Eighty-Second President of the American Psychological Association (APA).
Sent 12: He was one of the youngest president-elects in the history of the APA at the age of 48.
Sent 13: Bandura served as a member of the APA Board of Scientific Affairs from 1968 to 1970 and is well known as a member of the editorial board of nine psychology journals including the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology from 1963 to 1972.
Sent 14: At the age of 82, Bandura was awarded the Grawemeyer Award for psychology.
Question: When was Bandura working with children?.
1961.

Paragraph- Sent 1: Tokhtakhounov, whose age was given by Comey as 53 or 62, is a "major figure in international Eurasian organized crime," Comey said.
Sent 2: Born in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and now a Russian citizen, he is known as Taivanchik, or Little Taiwanese, for his Central Asian ethnic background.
Sent 3: Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, he has been implicated in arms trading and Russian art smuggling, and in the Russian news media he was accused of complicity in a plot to extort $10 million from the head of a Russian sports foundation.
Sent 4: He appears to have moved to France in 1989, according to news media reports, and is reported to have Israeli citizenship also.
Sent 5: Comey said Tokhtakhounov had three residences in Italy: Forte dei Marmi, Rome and Milan.
Sent 6: The complaint against Tokhtakhounov's traces his contact with figure skating to 2000, when he proposed to Gailhaguet the creation of a professional hockey team in Paris that would provide revenue for the French Skating Federation.
Sent 7: ( Gailhaguet and Anissina are not referred to by name in an accompanying FBI agent's affidavit, but by their descriptions their identities are obvious.) In return, Gailhaguet told the FBI on Feb. 23 as the Olympics were taking place, Tokhtakhounov asked for Gailhaguet's help in renewing his French visa, which was about to expire.
Sent 8: But when Gailhaguet sought guidance from a French government official, he was told that "Tokhtakhounov's money is bad," the affidavit said.
Sent 9: The federal complaint offers many details of the alleged conspiracy, including excerpts from a transcript of the Italian wiretaps.
Sent 10: later suspended Le Gougne and Gailhaguet for three years.
Sent 11: The federal complaint did not describe the possibility of a wider conspiracy or any contact between Tokhtakhounov, or his unnamed co-conspirators, with Le Gougne.
Sent 12: "We have alleged no connection between this man with any officials other than with Russian federation officials," James B. Comey, the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, said at a news conference.
Sent 13: He said that Tokhtakhounov "reached out to a co-conspirator, somebody connected to the Russian Skating Federation, who did the legwork for him.".
Question: Which countries did Tokhtakhounov extort money from which countries?.
Russia.