With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite. Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple. The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate immense wealth. Families like the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England, and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings, and achieve great political influence in the process.
If it is possible to answer this question, answer it for me (else, reply "unanswerable"): Which families financed the wars of kings?
Ah, so.. the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England

By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority.
If it is possible to answer this question, answer it for me (else, reply "unanswerable"): What did most countries have by the late 2000's?
Ah, so.. unanswerable

In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.
If it is possible to answer this question, answer it for me (else, reply "unanswerable"): The subway of New York was first available in what year?
Ah, so..
1904