In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

Example Input: A perfectly rational decision-maker chooses the best action with the highest utility gain from a set of possible actions. The optimality principles that describe such decision processes do not take into account the computational costs of finding the optimal action. Bounded rational decision-making addresses this problem by specifically trading off information-processing costs and expected utility. Interestingly, a similar trade-off between energy and entropy arises when describing changes in thermodynamic systems. This similarity has been recently used to describe bounded rational agents. Crucially, this framework assumes that the environment does not change while the decision-maker is computing the optimal policy. When this requirement is not fulfilled, the decision-maker will suffer inefficiencies in utility, that arise because the current policy is optimal for an environment in the past. Here we borrow concepts from non-equilibrium thermodynamics to quantify these inefficiencies and illustrate with simulations its relationship with computational resources.
Example Output: Bounded Rational Decision-Making in Changing Environments

Example Input: This paper investigates stochastic and adversarial combinatorial multi-armed bandit problems. In the stochastic setting, we first derive problem-specific regret lower bounds, and analyze how these bounds scale with the dimension of the decision space. We then propose COMBUCB, algorithms that efficiently exploit the combinatorial structure of the problem, and derive finite-time upper bound on their regrets. These bounds improve over regret upper bounds of existing algorithms, and we show numerically thatCOMBUCB significantly outperforms any other algorithm. In the adversarial setting, we propose two simple algorithms, namely COMBEXP-1 and COMBEXP-2 for semi-bandit and bandit feedback, respectively. Their regrets have similar scaling as state-of-the-art algorithms, in spite of the simplicity of their implementation.
Example Output: Stochastic and Adversarial Combinatorial Bandits

Example Input: Relation extraction is a fundamental task in information extraction. Most existing methods have heavy reliance on annotations labeled by human experts, which are costly and time-consuming. To overcome this drawback, we propose a novel framework, REHESSION, to conduct relation extractor learning using annotations from heterogeneous information source, e.g., knowledge base and domain heuristics. These annotations, referred as heterogeneous supervision, often conflict with each other, which brings a new challenge to the original relation extraction task: how to infer the true label from noisy labels for a given instance. Identifying context information as the backbone of both relation extraction and true label discovery, we adopt embedding techniques to learn the distributed representations of context, which bridges all components with mutual enhancement in an iterative fashion. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of REHESSION over the state-of-the-art.
Example Output:
Heterogeneous Supervision for Relation Extraction: A Representation Learning Approach