question: The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks left on the floor and their durability was also questioned. Katsuyah Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and had no discomfort. Ultimately though, they did install a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an arcade-style joystick could be used optionally. The controllers were hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons.

At June 1985's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES". Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, following up with a full-fledged North American release of the console in February of the following year. Nintendo released 17 launch titles: 10-Yard Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gyromite, Hogan's Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Pinball, Soccer, Stack-Up, Tennis, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew, and Super Mario Bros.h["] Some varieties of these launch games contained Famicom chips with an adapter inside the cartridge so they would play on North American consoles, which is why the title screen of Gyromite has the Famicom title "Robot Gyro" and the title screen of Stack-Up has the Famicom title "Robot Block".
1. When did Nintendo reveal their version of the Famicom?
2. Where was it?
3. What would the Famicom be called?
4. What state was it first released in?
5. How many titles were put out?
6. Was Mario one of them?
7. Was Frogger one of them?
8. What were the controllers modeled after?
9. Why was the plan changed from joysticks?
10. What was the other reason?
****
answer: 1. June 1985.
2. Consumer Electronics Show (CES),
3. This is the system which would eventually be officially deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System, or the colloquial "NES".
4. New York City
5. 17
6. yes
7. no
8. Game & Watch machines
9. their durability was also questioned.
10. children might step on joysticks

question: Jamie Oliver has been invited by Gordon Brown to prepare a banquet at No.10 for President Barack Obama and other leaders of the G20, offering a cut-price menu to reflect times when trade and industry are far from prosperous and the rate of employment is decreasing.

Downing Street sources say Oliver, the well-known chef, will cook using "honest high-street products" and avoid expensive or "fancy" ingredients.

The prime minister is trying to avoid a repeat of the embarrassment last year when he sat down to an 18-course banquet at a Japanese summit to discuss world food shortages.

Obama, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany and other leaders will be served by apprentices from Fifteen, the London restaurant Oliver founded to help train young people in poverty in order to make a living by mastering a skill.

Brown wants the dinner to reflect the emphasis of the London summit, which he hopes will lead to an agreement to lift the world out of recession."To be invited to cook for such an important group of people, who are trying to solve some of the world's major problems, is really a privilege," said Oliver.

"I'm hoping the menu I'm working on will show British food and produce is some of the best in the world, but also show we have pioneered a high-quality apprentice scheme at Fifteen London that is giving young people a skill to be proud of."

The chef has not yet finalized me menu, but is expected to draw inspiration from his latest book, Jamie's Ministry of Food, which has budget recipes for beef and ale stew and "impressive" chocolate fudge cake. (

)
1. Where is the G20 Summit taking place?
2. Who is example of a G20 leader?
3. And what is his nationality?
4. And who else is a leader?
5. And her nationality?
6. Who was asked to cook at the meeting?
7. What is the name of his business?
8. Is there anything noteworthy about that place?
9. Who gave him the invitation?
10. What is the reason for lowering the prices of the meals?
11. Will he be utilizing high-priced ingredients?
12. What is the meeting hoped to accomplish?
13. Is the menu complete?
14. What is it planned around?
15. What is an example of foods from it?
16. And another?
17. What was the meeting in Japan about?
18. How many courses was the meal there?
19. Was this embarassing for the PM?
20. What is the name of the source in the article?
****
answer: 1. London.
2. Nicolas Sarkozy.
3. French.
4. Angela Merkel.
5. German.
6. Jamie Oliver.
7. Fifteen.
8. Founded to help train people.
9. Gordon Brown.
10. To reflect times when trade isn't prosperous.
11. No.
12. An agreement end recession.
13. No.
14. Jamie's Ministry of Food.
15. Beef and ale stew.
16. Chocolate fudge cake.
17. World food shortages.
18. 18.
19. Yes.
20. Downing Street sources.

question: Zionism ( "Tsiyyonut" after "Zion") is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine). Modern Zionism emerged in the late 19th century in Central and Eastern Europe as a national revival movement, in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe. Soon after this, most leaders of the movement associated the main goal with creating the desired state in Palestine, then an area controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

Until 1948, the primary goals of Zionism were the re-establishment of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel, ingathering of the exiles, and liberation of Jews from the antisemitic discrimination and persecution that they experienced during their diaspora. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Zionism continues primarily to advocate on behalf of Israel and to address threats to its continued existence and security.

A religious variety of Zionism supports Jews upholding their Jewish identity defined as adherence to religious Judaism, opposes the assimilation of Jews into other societies, and has advocated the return of Jews to Israel as a means for Jews to be a majority nation in their own state. A variety of Zionism, called cultural Zionism, founded and represented most prominently by Ahad Ha'am, fostered a secular vision of a Jewish "spiritual center" in Israel. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ahad Ha'am strived for Israel to be "a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews".
1. when did modern Zionism emerge?
2. where?
3. was it established as a reaction to something?
4. what?
5. what was it's objective?
6. for who?
7. is the location of the state mentioned?
8. where is it?
9. does that correspond to anything else?
10. what?
11. does it have a historical name?
12. what?
13. did the objective of the movement ever shift?
14. when?
15. why?
16. what are the new objectives?
17. anything else?
18. what?
****
answer:
1. in the late 19th century
2. in Central and Eastern Europe
3. yes
4. to anti-Semitic movements
5. to create the desired state
6. Jews
7. yes
8. in Palestine
9. yes
10. to Canaan,
11. yes
12. Land of Israel
13. yes
14. in 1948
15. State of Israel was established
16. to advocate on behalf of Israel
17. yes
18. to address threats to its continued existence and security