instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Blucher was the second of five "Admiral Hipper"-class heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine", built after the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles. Named for Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher, the Prussian victor of the Battle of Waterloo, the ship was laid down in August 1936 and launched in June 1937. She was completed in September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of World War II. After completing a series of sea trials and training exercises, the ship was pronounced ready for service with the fleet on 5 April 1940. Context_2 : Operation Nordseetour was the first Atlantic sortie of the German heavy cruiser "Admiral Hipper" during December, 1940. Context_3 : USS "Northampton" (CL/CA-26) was the lead "Northampton"-class cruiser in service with the United States Navy. She was commissioned in 1930, originally classified a light cruiser because of her thin armor but later reclassified a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch guns. During World War II she served in the Pacific and was sunk by Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Tassafaronga on 30 November 1942. She was named after the city of Northampton, Massachusetts, the home of former President Calvin Coolidge. Context_4 : Oscarsborg Fortress (Norwegian: Oscarsborg festning ) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drbak. The best known part is situated on two small islets. The main artillery batteries are on the island Haya and smaller batteries on the mainland to the west and east in the fjord and was military territory until 2003 when it was made a publicly available resort island. The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser "Blucher" on 9 April 1940. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status, effective from 9 April that year. Context_5 : Emile Bertin was a French fast light cruiser named after Louis-Emile Bertin, a 19th-century naval architect. She was designed to operate both as a minelayer and as a destroyer flotilla leader. The design was the basis for later light and heavy French cruisers, particularly the slightly larger "La Galissonniere"class of cruisers. This was the first French warship to use triple mountings. Context_6 : Operation "Rheinubung" ("Exercise Rhine") was the sortie into the Atlantic by the new German battleship "Bismarck" and heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" on 1827 May 1941, during World War II. This operation to block Allied shipping to the United Kingdom culminated with the sinking of "Bismarck". Context_7 : USS "Birmingham" (CL-62), a "Cleveland"-class light cruiser named for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, the "Steel City", was laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company of Newport News, Virginia on 17 February 1941 and launched on 20 March 1942 by Mrs. Cooper Green, wife of the president of the Birmingham City Commission. She was commissioned on 29 January 1943, Captain John Wilkes in command. "Birmingham" was one of the "fightingest" ships of the Navy and suffered heavy damage on at least three occasions. Context_8 : The Action of 8 June 1945, sometimes called the Sinking of "Ashigara" was a naval action that resulted in the sinking of the heavy cruiser "Ashigara" of the Imperial Japanese Navy by the British Royal Navy submarine HMS"Trenchant" . "Ashigara"which was being escorted by the destroyer "Kamikaze" was being used to transport troops from Indonesia for the defence of Singapore and the sinking resulted in a huge loss of life. Context_9 : HMS "Cornwall", pennant number 56, was a County-class heavy cruiser of the "Kent" sub-class built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1920s. The ship spent most of her pre-World War II career assigned to the China Station. Shortly after the war began in August 1939, she was assigned to search for German commerce raiders in the Indian Ocean. "Cornwall" was transferred to the South Atlantic in late 1939 where she escorted convoys before returning to the Indian Ocean in 1941. She then sank the German auxiliary cruiser"Pinguin" in May. After the start of the Pacific War in December 1941, she began escorting convoys until she was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in March 1942. The ship was sunk on 5 April by dive bombers from three Japanese aircraft carriers during the Indian Ocean Raid. Context_10 : San Demetrio London is a 1943 British World War II docudrama based on the true story of the 1940 salvage of the tanker MV "San Demetrio" by some of her own crew, who reboarded her after she had been set on fire by the German heavy cruiser "Admiral Scheer" and then abandoned, during the Battle of the Atlantic. The film was produced by Michael Balcon for Ealing Studios and directed by Charles Frend. fact_1 : Oscarsborg Fortress (Norwegian: Oscarsborg festning ) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drbak. fact_2 : The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser "Blucher" on 9 April 1940. fact_3 : Blucher was the second of five "Admiral Hipper"-class heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine", built after the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles. fact_4 : Named for Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher, the Prussian victor of the Battle of Waterloo, the ship was laid down in August 1936 and launched in June 1937. Question: Oscarsborg Fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser named for the Prussian victor of what?
answer:
the Battle of Waterloo

question:
Context_1 : The Toro Rosso STR12 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete during the 2017 Formula One season. The car made its competitive debut at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix and is driven by Daniil Kvyat and Carlos Sainz, Jr. Pierre Gasly replaced Kvyat ahead of the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix. The STR12 is powered by engines supplied by Renault after the team used 2015-specification Ferrari power units throughout the season; however, the engines were rebadged and the engine and chassis package run under the name 'Toro Rosso'. Context_2 : Sebastien Olivier Buemi (born 31 October 1988) is a Swiss professional racing driver, who formerly competed for Scuderia Toro Rosso in Formula One. Buemi is currently a reserve driver for Scuderia Toro Rosso's sister team, Red Bull Racing, as well as being a member of Toyota's FIA World Endurance Championship squad and e.dams Renault in the FIA Formula E Championship. Along with teammate Anthony Davidson, Buemi became World Champion in the LMP1 class of the FIA World Endurance Championship, in 2014. He won the second ever Formula E championship, the season held across 20152016, by two points for setting the fastest lap time in the final race despite not finishing the event. Context_3 : The Toro Rosso STR7, initially referred to as the TR7, is a Formula One racing car designed by Scuderia Toro Rosso for the 2012 Formula One season. It was the seventh car run by the team, and the third car that they have developed since the introduction of rules in 2010 prohibiting teams from using a "customer chassis", or a design that had previously been used by another team. The car was driven by Daniel Ricciardo and Jean-Eric Vergne after the team elected not to renew the contracts of former drivers Sebastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari, and was launched on 7 February at the first winter test of the season at Jerez de la Frontera. Context_4 : The Toro Rosso STR11 is a Formula One racing car designed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2016 Formula One season. The car was driven by Carlos Sainz, Jr. and Daniil Kvyat, who swapped seats with Max Verstappen, who drove the car in the first four Grands Prix of the season. It used Ferrari's -specification power unit, the 060. Context_5 : Pierre Gasly (born 7 February 1996 in Rouen) is a French formula racing driver, who was the 2014 Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up and the 2016 GP2 Series champion. He drives a Honda-powered car for Team Mugen in the 2017 Super Formula Championship. He will make his Formula One debut at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix. Context_6 : The Toro Rosso STR2 is the car with which the Scuderia Toro Rosso team competed in the Formula One season. It was unveiled on February 13, 2007 at the Circuit de Catalunya. The car is, controversially, a variant of the Red Bull RB3 chassis (although powered by a Ferrari instead of a Renault engine). It was initially driven by Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed, until Speed was replaced by Sebastian Vettel at the Hungaroring for the remainder of the season. The car in a modified form was also used to compete in the first four races of the Formula One season. The modified car was driven by Sebastien Bourdais, four-consecutive-time Champ Car winner, and Vettel. The STR2 was the first-ever Toro Rosso F1 car to use the mandatory 90-degree Formula One V8 engine configuration but Toro Rosso opted for the 2006-spec Ferrari 056 instead of the 2007-spec because of 1-year old Toro Rosso engine policy and also cost reasons. Context_7 : The Toro Rosso STR6 is a Formula One racing car developed by Scuderia Toro Rosso for the 2011 Formula One season. It is the second car that the team has built entirely on their own following the introduction of regulations that banned the use of "customer chassis", a chassis developed by one team and purchased by another (prior to 2010 Toro Rosso used a customer chassis from its "big brother" Red Bull Racing). Context_8 : Jean-Eric Vergne (born 25 April 1990) is a French racing driver who competes in Formula E with Techeetah. He competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso from 2012 to 2014, and was a Ferrari test and development driver from 2015 to 2016. He won the British Formula 3 Championship in 2010 and then finished runner up to team mate Robert Wickens in the 2011 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season. Context_9 : The Toro Rosso STR9 is a Formula One racing car designed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete in the 2014 Formula One season. It was driven by Jean-Eric Vergne and 2013 GP3 Series champion Daniil Kvyat, who replaced Daniel Ricciardo after Ricciardo moved to Red Bull Racing. The STR9 was the first Toro Rosso car to use an engine built by Renault, the Energy F1-2014. Context_10 : The Toro Rosso STR8 (initially referred to as the Toro Rosso STR08) is a Formula One racing car designed and built by Scuderia Toro Rosso for use in the 2013 Formula One season. It was driven by Daniel Ricciardo and Jean-Eric Vergne, both of whom drove for the team in 2012. This is the last Toro Rosso car for the engine to be named as Ferrari that have powered the team since 2007 despite opted for one-year old engine, before they could used Renault engine for 2014 Formula One season. This was also the last Toro Rosso car to be used V8 engine, before replaced V6 engine for 2014. fact_1 : The Toro Rosso STR12 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso to compete during the 2017 Formula One season. fact_2 : The car made its competitive debut at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix and is driven by Daniil Kvyat and Carlos Sainz, Jr. Pierre Gasly replaced Kvyat ahead of the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix. fact_3 : Pierre Gasly (born 7 February 1996 in Rouen) is a French formula racing driver, who was the 2014 Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up and the 2016 GP2 Series champion. Question: What French formula racing driver that was 2014 Formula Renault 3.5 Series runner-up drove the Toro Rosso STR12 in 2017, a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Toro Rosso?
answer:
Pierre Gasly

question:
Context_1 : The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest university in the state. Iowa is the second largest university in the state of Iowa, behind Iowa State University. University of Iowa is organized into eleven colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees. Context_2 : The Polytechnic University of the Philippines Centennial Year is a yearlong celebration in 2004 celebrating the centenary of the establishment of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. It was celebrated throughout the system. Colleges and other schools have celebrated their anniversaries in accordance to theme of the Centennial Year: "PUP: Kabalikat sa Pag-aangat ng Antas ng Buhay ng Mamamayan". Context_3 : Polytechnic University of the Philippines (Filipino: "Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas"; abbreviated as PUP and commonly known as PUP Main, PUP Sta. Mesa, and PUP Manila) is a coeducational, research state university located in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on October 19, 1904 as the Manila Business School. The university is ruled by Republic Act Number 8292, or the Higher Education Modernization Act of 1997. PUP has a total of 71,963 students enrolled, and it has 25 branches and campuses located in Metro Manila, Northern and Central Luzon, and in Southern Luzon. Context_4 : Libraries in the Philippines are academic libraries that can be found in the Philippines. Among such libraries are the National Library of the Philippines which is located in Manila, the university libraries of the University of the Philippines, the Central Philippine University, the Silliman University, the University of Santo Tomas, the University of the East, the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and the University of San Carlos. Research institutes such as the International Rice Research Institute located in Los Banos, Laguna houses a library. Some museums in the Philippines such as the Lopez Museum has its own library. Context_5 : Kwantlen Polytechnic University (commonly abbreviated to KPU) is a public degree-granting undergraduate polytechnic university in British Columbia with campuses located in Surrey, Richmond, Cloverdale, and Langley. KPU is one of the largest institutions by enrollment in British Columbia with a total of 20,000 students and 1,400 faculty members across its four locations, encompassing the Metro Vancouver district. KPU operates as the only English-language polytechnic university in Canada and provides undergraduate and vocational education including bachelor's degrees, associate degrees, diplomas, certificates, apprenticeships and citations in more than 120 diverse programs. The school operates largely as an undergraduate polytechnic university but also functions as a vocational and technical school, offering apprenticeships for the skilled trades and diplomas in vocational education for skilled technicians and workers in support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology. Context_6 : Banda Kawayan Pilipinas is an orchestra based in the Philippines that uses musical instruments made from bamboo and other indigenous materials. It was established as a bamboo orchestra of Philippine College of Commerce High School (now Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School) in 1973 by former PCCHS principal Gloria R. Talastas and faculty member Prof. Siegfredo B. Calabig. It was known as "PUP Banda Kawayan" and was under the Polytechnic University of the Philippines University Center for Culture and the Arts until it separated itself from the university in 2014. Context_7 : The Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Lopez Branch also known as PUP-LQ (Filipino: "Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Sangay sa Lopez") is one of the four (4) campuses of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Quezon province. Context_8 : DZMC 98.3 (98.3MHz in Metro Manila) is a low-power FM campus radio station owned by the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila College of Communication with an ongoing NTC application for license to operate. It broadcasts from the Campus Radio Station of the College of Communication Building, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Anonas Street, Sta. Mesa, Manila. It is used as a laboratory for the College of Communication (COC) students of the university. Its programming tentatively include news, sports, educational/children's programs, talk shows, commentaries, to music programs and request shows, mostly geared towards the interests of students, faculty and administration. Context_9 : The Polytechnic University of the Philippines Taguig (PUPT) is a satellite campus of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines located at Taguig, Philippines and was established on 1992. The site in which the campus sits was reserved exclusively for the use and disposition of the university through the proclamation of President Ferdinand Marcos on 1967. Context_10 : Born in Milan in 1946. He graduated from Polytechnic University of Milan's Faculty of Architecture in 1969 . Full professor in Architectural composition, he has been dean of the Faculty (whereupon School) of Civil Architecture of the Polytechnic University of Milan from 2008 until 2015; from 2011 until 2016 he has been head of the Architecture Board of the Polytechnic University of Milan. fact_1 : The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. fact_2 : Founded in 1847, it is the oldest university in the state. fact_3 : Polytechnic University of the Philippines (Filipino: "Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas"; abbreviated as PUP and commonly known as PUP Main, PUP Sta. fact_4 : It was founded on October 19, 1904 as the Manila Business School. Question: Which was founded first University of Iowa or Polytechnic University of the Philippines?
answer:
The University of Iowa