Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs just above the waist. They are important organs with many functions in the body, including producing hormones, absorbing minerals, and filtering blood and producing urine. Q: What is the pair of bean-shaped organs that filters blood and produces urine? Choices: - heart - lungs - arteries - kidneys A:
A: kidneys

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Early vertebrates were ectothermic. Ectothermy means controlling body temperature to just a limited extent from the outside by changing behavior. For example, an ectotherm might stay in the shade to keep cool on a hot, sunny day. On a cold day, an ectotherm might bask in the sun to warm up, like the snake in Figure below . Almost all living fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectothermic. They can raise or lower their body temperature by their behavior but not by very much. In cold weather, an ectotherm cools down. As its body temperature drops, its metabolism slows down and it becomes inactive. Q: What type of vertebrates control body temperature to just a limited extent from the outside by changing behavior? Choices: - etheric - endothermic - mimetic - ectothermic A:
A: ectothermic

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Conserving heat is also important, especially in small mammals. A small body has a relatively large surface area compared to its overall size. Because heat is lost from the surface of the body, small mammals lose a greater proportion of their body heat than large mammals. Mammals conserve body heat with their hair or fur. It traps a layer of warm air next to the skin. Most mammals can make their hair stand up from the skin, so it becomes an even better insulator. Even humans automatically contract these muscles when they are cold, causing goosebumps (see Figure below ). Mammals also have a layer of fat under the skin to help insulate the body. This fatty layer is not found in other vertebrates. Q: In mammals, hair or fur help conserve bodily what? Choices: - food - energy - water - heat A:
A: heat

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 14.5 Structures of the Ear The external ear contains the auricle, ear canal, and tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles and is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube. The inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibule, which are responsible for audition and equilibrium, respectively. Q: The cochlea and vestibul make up what part of the ear? Choices: - middle - upper - outer - inner A:
A: inner