Problem: Article: To test drainage, dig a hole in the soil and fill it completely with water. Let it drain and then fill it again. If the hole drains in under 15 minutes, your soil has good drainage. If the hole takes more than an hour (especially if it takes longer than six hours) to drain, you've got slow-draining soil. Most trees, flowers, and vegetables need soil with good drainage. If the drainage doesn't need to be adjusted too much, you may just be able to add some compost and well-rotted manure to improve it. For severe drainage issues, you might need to invest in underground piping to remove the excess water. You can buy a pH testing kit at your local gardening supply store. Get soil samples from multiple spots throughout the garden and then read the strips to discover the pH level of the soil. Most plants do best in soil with a pH of between 6.5 and 6.8. However, some (like blueberries) thrive in acidic soil, and the plants prefer a pH as low as 4.5. You'll need to research which plants to grow in your garden based on your soil's levels. Generally, nutrient-deficient soil can be improved by adding compost and well-rotted manure. If there's garbage in the lot, remove this first. Then use a rake or hoe to break up the soil and eliminate weeds. Finally, smooth the soil back out and pack it down to prepare it for planting. When clearing garbage, wear thick gardening gloves. There could be sharp, potentially rusty and germ-filled materials in your lot, and you don't want to get tetanus! Measure out each of your individual family plots and label them with families' last names. Determine which plots will be used for any community spaces you plan to include, such as a shared herb or children's garden. You can use paint sticks and permanent marker to create plot labels. If they'd like, families can later create more fun and personalized wooden signs. Since watering will be the major daily task associated with your garden, an automatic irrigation system might be a good investment. However, your site will need to be wired for electricity and have a plug in order for a controller to function. For a more cost-effective option, just install an outdoor water faucet and provide plenty of watering cans. Installing a sprinkler system with the controller could cost between about $1,800-$3,300 USD. Larger gardens and high-quality systems will both cause prices to fall on the higher end of this range. It shouldn't cost more than about $300-$450 USD for a plumber to set up an outdoor water faucet. Depending on your budget, either hire professionals or install the fence yourself. Then choose a name for your garden. Place a sign on the fence with the garden's name and some contact information that members of the public can use to ask questions or voice concerns about the garden. The fence might not completely eliminate vandalism, but you shouldn't install barbed wire or even a security system. Remember that the garden is part of the community, and you want it to feel open and friendly for all of your neighbors. A storage shed that's placed in the corner of your garden will be useful for protecting your gardening tools from weather and vandals. You'll also want a shady area with places to sit and possibly a picnic table for eating and other group activities. If there's no shade, make or buy a pergola. You can use hay bales as seats. It's finally time to get planting! Generally, a community garden will have lots of individual family vegetable plots and shared herb and flower gardens. However, if you'd like, you can always plant your own herbs and flowers! Have families start individual plots on their own, and pick a day when the group can tackle the community plots together. Some good vegetables to start with include tomatoes, lettuce, sugar snap peas or green beans, summer squash, and radishes. A good herb garden should include basil, chives, lavender, parsley, thyme, and rosemary. Calendula (or pot marigold), marigold, chamomile and daisies, nasturtium, phacelia, and clover are all great companion flowers for vegetables. They'll attract good bugs (especially bees) and keep away some of the bad ones!
Summary: Test the soil's drainage. Get a pH testing kit to test the soil quality. Clear the land of weeds, uneven soil, and debris. Mark the boundaries of your plots. Install an irrigation system if it's in your budget. Add a fence and sign to minimize vandalism. Build a shed and make a sitting area. Plant the vegetables, flowers, and herbs of your choice.

Problem: Article: A vocalist's range consists of all the notes between the highest and lowest notes they can sing. Within that overall range, they may have specific areas or keys where they are most comfortable singing. Your vocalist should be able to provide this information to you. If they're unsure, you might have to rely on trial and error to find the best transposition. Find the highest or lowest note, whichever is giving the vocalist difficulty. Adjust the note up or down until it falls within your vocalist's range. Then count the number of steps or half-steps between the original note and the new note. If you have both high and low notes that are outside your vocalist's range, you may have to transpose the song into two different keys to make it work. The key in which the song is played will be transposed just as the notes are. If you are transposing into a particular key, you'll already know what key it's in. If you're just moving up a step or two, you'll need to work it out. If you're unsure about the key, you can use a chromatic circle to find the relation between the keys. These are readily available online. Move counter-clockwise around the circle if you're moving the notes up, and clockwise if you're moving the notes down. For example, if you started in D Major and went up one whole step, your transposed song is in E Major. To transpose the song, you must move each note up the same interval. If the song has other sharps and flats not related to the original key signature, ignore it for now but mark where it is. Transpose a note with an accidental sharp or flat from where it normally would be in the original key. For example, assume the B note is natural in the original key. If the song has an accidental B-flat, you would move the note from B not from B-flat. Once you've transposed the entire song, go back to the original score and look for any sharps or flats. Work out how far up or down the original accidental moved the note, and then adjust it that number of steps in your transposed song. For example, assume the B note is natural in the original key. If the song has an accidental B-sharp, that means the natural B was moved up a half-step. Find that note in your transposed song and move the transposed note up a half-step as well, marking the new accidental. After you've completed your transposition, it's a good idea to play through the song and check to make sure you've moved the notes correctly. Your vocalist also may want to try the song out and see if it's now more comfortable for them to sing.
Summary:
Identify the vocalist's range. Find your interval. Write your new key signature. Move the notes into the new key. Adjust the accidentals. Play the transposed song.