The endgame is a delicate part of a chess game where every pawn matters. The key to all checkmates is to keep the opponents king confined. Do not be overanxious to check the king, as it will not work. First move the rook to the rank ahead of the enemy king. This will confine the king to a certain number of squares. Advance the king to obtain opposition when your king is in front of the opponent's. When he moves away, you will need to make a waiting move, just move the rook one square over. He will move the king away from your king. When the kings are opposite each other, check him with the rook, and then repeat the process until he is on the back rank, where check becomes checkmate. The Queen checkmate is identical, but you must be careful not to stalemate.
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One-sentence summary -- Don't discount any pieces during the endgame. Use your rook against the king.

Natural hair has unique characteristics that you should know about in order to take good care of your hair. People of African descent usually have curved hair follicles that produce very tightly curled hair, which can keep sebum (a natural moisturizer produced by your skin) from saturating all the way down the hair shaft. This can result in dry, fragile hair that is prone to frizz and breakage. Natural hair is prone to knotting when combed. Knotting also contributes to breakage, so some professionals recommend avoiding combing altogether for this reason. Never comb natural hair when it's dry. Natural hair often has a slower growth rate than other hair types. In addition, the highly curved hair shaft means that hair shrinks up as it dries; those with very kinky or curly hair may see up to 75% shrinkage! Natural hair comes in many varieties. While many care basics remain the same regardless of hair type, understanding your hair type may help you pinpoint what care and styling routines will produce the results you want. According to a very widely-used hair typing system by celebrity stylist Andre Walker, there are 4 basic types of hair: straight (1), wavy (2), curly (3), and kinky (4). Within these categories there are multiple subcategories, depending on your hair's characteristics. For example, Type 4 hair is generally split into three subcategories: 4A (spiral curls), 4B (kinky curls), and 4C (coiled curls). Many haircare websites and products refer to hair types using codes based on Walker's system, such as "3A" or "4B". The numbers refer to the hair type, while the letters refer to the hair texture. Natural hair tends to be type 3 (curly) or type 4 (kinky). Understanding your hair type can help you understand your hair's care and styling needs. Type 3 hair (curly) has springy, defined curls with a lot of volume and body. The curls are often shaped like coils, loops, or corkscrews. It can be fragile or fine, and needs moisturizing conditioners and treatments. Type 4 hair (kinky) has very tight curls with a lot of volume. The hair is heavily textured, usually wiry, and may have multiple curl patterns instead of a single dominant one. These patterns will often form a "Z" or crimped look. It it is the most fragile hair type because it has fewer cuticle layers than other hair types. Heavy-duty moisturizers and conditioners will help keep type 4 hair healthy.
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One-sentence summary -- Understand the characteristics of natural hair. Know your hair type. Identify your hair's needs.

Ad hominem attacks happen by placing doubt on someone's character or attributes to discredit their arguments. When someone does this, they are undermining someone's case without providing logical evidence as to why. It is important to listen to information and disconnect it from feelings you may have for that person. This will allow you to pull out the facts and stay logical. Emotional appeals are often used in order to get a reader or listener to respond out of sympathy and it can lead someone to act against their better judgment. Be sure to watch out for these types of manipulations and to keep a clear head. " It is very common for someone to agree with an idea or opinion merely because it is a popular one. When deciding your own thoughts, views, or opinions on a particular issue, be sure you know why you feel a certain way. Do not just agree to something because everyone else is going along. Always back your opinions up with your own personal logic and research. This is a pragmatic defect in an argument in which the end result ends up being the starting point. Basically, the proposition for something is supported by the premises, and the premises are supported by the proposition. The argument fails to have valid evidence because the foundation for proof does not have real evidence.Here is a common example: Person A, "Go to bed." Person B, "Why?" Person A, "Because I said to go to bed."
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One-sentence summary -- Don't practice ad hominem. Avoid appealing to emotion. Don't always hop on the "bandwagon. Beware of circular reasoning.

The biggest pot you can get your hands on will allow you to distill larger amounts of liquid. The pot should at least be large enough to hold another smaller container like a metal mixing bowl. If you have a curved lid that will cover the pot, use that instead of a flat lid. The shape of a curved lid will help in collecting condensation toward the center. If you can't find a curved lid, you can use some aluminum foil and shape it over a large bowl to get a curved shape. Then you can place the foil, curved side down, over the pot and hold it in place with the lid. This will help to direct the condensed water toward the center and your collection container. Select a container that can withstand boiling temperatures. You will likely want to elevate the collection container toward the top of the pot. You can place a small rack in the bottom of the pot and prop your container on top of it. You can even use a brick or similar object since it won't be in contact with the distilled liquid. You can also drill a hole in the lid and use a length of tubing to collect the distilled liquid in a separate container. However, you have to be willing to put holes in your cookware to do so. Be sure not to get any of the dirty liquid into the collection container. You will only want to fill the pot so that the water level is a couple inches below the height of your collection container. If the water is too close to the height of the collection container, it might splash into the container of distilled water and contaminate it. By placing the lid upside-down, the curved angle will help direct the water vapor toward the center as it collects and falls back into your collection pot. A transparent lid is ideal, as it will allow you to see what is happening. You can also place some ice packs or cool water on top of the lid to help the vapor cool faster and return to a liquid form. Turn on the stove and heat the water. Monitor the temperature of the water and keep it at a slow boil. You want to avoid heating the water too much and having the dirty water splashing into your collection pot. Adjust the temperature as needed.
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One-sentence summary --
Find a large pot with a lid. Place a collection container inside the large pot. Pour the dirty water into the large pot. Place the lid upside-down over the pot. Bring the water to a boil.