Q:Information: - Haqq ad-Din II (ruled late 14th century) was a Somali Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate, the brother of Sa'ad ad-Din II, and the son of Ahmad ibn Ali. - Ahmad ibn Ali (flourished mid-14th century) was the son of Jamal ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after his father Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din unsuccessfully revolted against the Emperor and was put into prison. - A caliphate ("khilfa") is an area containing an Islamic steward known as a caliph ("" )a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad (Muhammad ibn Abdullh), and a leader of the entire Muslim community. The Rashidun caliphs, who directly succeeded Muhammad as leaders of the Muslim community, were chosen through "shura, "a process of community consultation that some consider to be an early form of Islamic democracy. During the history of Islam after the Rashidun period, many Muslim states, almost all of them hereditary monarchies, have claimed to be caliphates. - Haqq ad-Din I (flourished 1328) was a sultan of the Ifat Sultanate and the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma. According to I.M. Lewis, Emir Haqq "turned the sporadic and disjointed forays of his predecessors into a full-scale war of aggression, and apparently for the first time, couched his call to arms in the form of a religious war against the Abyssinian 'infidel'". - Sultan (') is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. - Sabr ad-Din I (fl. 1332) was a sultan of the Ifat Sultanate. He was the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad-Din I. - Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din II (also known as Sihab ad-Din Ahmad Badlay, Arwe Badlay - "Badlay the Beast") (died 1445) was a Sultan of the Sultanate of Adal and a son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. - Sa'ad ad - Din II ( Arabic : ) ( ruled circa 1400 ) was a Sultan of the Ifat Sultanate . He was the brother of Haqq ad - Din II , and the father of Mansur ad - Din , Sabr ad - Din II and Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad - Din . The historian Richard Pankhurst describes him as '' the last great ruler of Ifat . '' - Sabr ad-Din II (died 1422 or 1423) was a Sultan of Adal and the oldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Trimingham tersely states that Sabr ad-Din returned to the Horn of Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father's realm, but was defeated in battle by the Emperor of Ethiopia Yeshaq. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'sa'ad ad-din ii' exhibits the relationship of 'father'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - ahmad ibn ali - muhammad - newaya krestos - richard pankhurst - sultan
A:
ahmad ibn ali