input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mycologist Mycologists are biologists who study fungi. Mycology is a branch of microbiology, and many mycologists start their careers with a degree in microbiology. To become a mycologist, a bachelor's degree in a biological science (preferably majoring in microbiology) and a master's degree in mycology are minimally necessary. Mycologists can specialize in taxonomy and fungal genomics, molecular and cellular biology, plant pathology, biotechnology, or biochemistry. Some medical microbiologists concentrate on the study of infectious diseases caused by fungi (mycoses). Mycologists collaborate with zoologists and plant pathologists to identify and control difficult fungal infections, such as the devastating chestnut blight, the mysterious decline in frog populations in many areas of the world, or the deadly epidemic called white nose syndrome, which is decimating bats in the Eastern United States. Government agencies hire mycologists as research scientists and technicians to monitor the health of crops, national parks, and national forests. Mycologists are also employed in the private sector by companies that develop chemical and biological control products or new agricultural products, and by companies that provide disease control services. Because of the key role played by fungi in the fermentation of alcohol and the preparation of many important foods, scientists with a good understanding of fungal physiology routinely work in the food technology industry. Oenology, the science of wine making, relies not only on the knowledge of grape varietals and soil composition, but also on a solid understanding of the characteristics of the wild yeasts that thrive in different wine-making regions. It is possible to purchase yeast strains isolated from specific grape-growing regions. The great French chemist and microbiologist, Louis Pasteur, made many of his essential discoveries working on the humble brewer's yeast, thus discovering the process of fermentation. Q: What is the name for a biologist who studies fungi? A:
OPTIONS:
- egyptologists
- musicologists
- oncologists
- mycologists
output: mycologists

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mike Johnston. Whale sharks are the largest cartilaginous fish . CC BY 2.0. Q: What is the largest cartilaginous fish? A:

OPTIONS:
- dolphin
- blue whale
- sturgeon
- whale shark

A: whale shark

input: OPTIONS:
- soild
- plasma
- liquid
- gas Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Forces between Molecules Under appropriate conditions, the attractions between all gas molecules will cause them to form liquids or solids. This is due to intermolecular forces, not intramolecular forces. Intramolecular forces are those within the molecule that keep the molecule together, for example, the bonds between the atoms. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules, which determine many of the physical properties of a substance. Figure 10.5 illustrates these different molecular forces. The strengths of these attractive forces vary widely, though usually the IMFs between small molecules are weak compared to the intramolecular forces that bond atoms together within a molecule. For example, to overcome the IMFs in one mole of liquid HCl and convert it into gaseous HCl requires only about 17 kilojoules. However, to break the covalent bonds between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in one mole of HCl requires about 25 times more energy430 kilojoules. Q: Under appropriate conditions, the attractions between all molecules in what state will cause them to form liquids or solids? A:
A:
output: gas

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: E. coli uses how many enzymes to take up and metabolize lactose? A:

OPTIONS:
- 4
- 11
- 2
- 3

Answer: 3

Problem: OPTIONS:
- nuclear
- frictional
- tension
- gravity
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Discussion As might have been expected, the player slides a shorter distance by sliding uphill. Note that the problem could also have been solved in terms of the forces directly and the work energy theorem, instead of using the potential energy. This method would have required combining the normal force and force of gravity vectors, which no longer cancel each other because they point in different directions, and friction, to find the net force. You could then use the net force and the net work to find the distance d that reduces the kinetic energy to zero. By applying conservation of energy and using the potential energy instead, we need only consider the gravitational potential energy. Q: What force increases a slide downhill and decreases a slide uphill? A:
Answer: gravity

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Values of specific heat must generally be looked up in tables, because there is no simple way to calculate them. In general, the specific heat also depends on the temperature. Table 14.1 lists representative values of specific heat for various substances. Except for gases, the temperature and volume dependence of the specific heat of most substances is weak. We see from this table that the specific heat of water is five times that of glass and ten times that of iron, which means that it takes five times as much heat to raise the temperature of water the same amount as for glass and ten times as much heat to raise the temperature of water as for iron. In fact, water has one of the largest specific heats of any material, which is important for sustaining life on Earth. Q: Why must values of specific heat be looked up in tables? A:

OPTIONS:
- lack of formulas
- difficult to memorize
- difficult to understand
- difficult to calculate

Answer:
difficult to calculate