In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: Urinary dysfunction (UD) is common after rectal cancer treatment, but the contribution of each treatment component (surgery and radiotherapy) to its development remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate UD during 5 years after total mesorectal excision (TME) and to investigate the influence of preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) and surgical factors.', 'Patients with operable rectal cancer were randomized to TME with or without PRT. Questionnaires concerning UD were completed by 785 patients before and at several time points after surgery. Possible risk factors, including PRT, demographics, tumour location, and type and extent of resection, were investigated by multivariable regression analysis.', 'Long-term incontinence was reported by 38.1 per cent of patients, of whom 72.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative incontinence (relative risk (RR) 2.75, P = 0.001) and female sex (RR 2.77, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Long-term difficulty in bladder emptying was reported by 30.6 per cent of patients, of whom 65.0 per cent had normal preoperative function. Preoperative difficulty in bladder emptying (RR 2.94, P < 0.001), peroperative blood loss (RR 1.73, P = 0.028) and autonomic nerve damage (RR 2.82, P = 0.024) were independent risk factors. PRT was not associated with UD.\Question: Is urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment mainly caused by surgery?
[A]: UD is a significant clinical problem after rectal cancer treatment and is not related to PRT, but rather to surgical nerve damage.

[Q]: Context: Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a significant neurotoxicity, requiring dose reduction or the delay of treatment. In a multicentre trial including 97 % Caucasians and 3 % Asians, BIPN was shown to occur less frequently in cases in which bortezomib was administered subcutaneously. Considering the different pharmacokinetics between Caucasians and Asians, we analysed BIPN according to the administration route, specifically in Korean myeloma patients.', 'We surveyed the prescribed anticonvulsants for the treatment of BIPN and analysed the data after stratifying the results by the cumulative dose of bortezomib. Exclusion criteria were as follows: treated with <2 doses of bortezomib, change in the administration route during the treatment, or receiving anticonvulsants for other reasons prior to bortezomib administration.', 'A total of 101 patients were enrolled; 60 were treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone, and 37 were treated with bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisolone. The median number of treatment courses was four for each regimens. The median exposure to bortezomib for all patients was 19 mg/m(2). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were not statistically different between the groups. There was no difference in the proportion of patients requiring medical treatment (p = 0.388). After stratifying the results, BIPN developed less frequently when bortezomib was administered subcutaneously rather than intravenously in patients receiving more than 23.4 mg/m(2) of bortezomib (p < 0.05).\Question: Is bortezomib-associated peripheral neuropathy requiring medical treatment decreased by administering the medication by subcutaneous injection in Korean multiple myeloma patients?
[A]: Since the responses were potent regardless of administration route, the subcutaneous injection of bortezomib should be considered in Asian myeloma patients who are expected to achieve a longer PFS with bortezomib.

[Q]: Context: Severity of rheumatoid arthritis and progression of radiographic joint damage have decreased over the last decades.', 'To examine whether this trend is attributable to an underlying trend towards milder disease or to improved treatment.', 'The study used an inception cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis seen at the Wichita Arthritis Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA, since 1973 and monitored prospectively since their first clinic visit through clinical, radiographic, laboratory, demographic and self-reported data. The radiographic disease progression in patients with disease onset in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s was compared using a multivariate regression model for longitudinal data. The analysis was adjusted for differences in baseline predictors, type of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and steroid use.', '418 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with radiographic follow-up were included. Patients in earlier decades used fewer DMARDs, had longer disease durations and higher tender joint counts at their first visit. Other important predictors of disease progression did not differ significantly between decades of disease onset. The unadjusted rates of radiographic progression differed between decades (analysis of variance, p = 0.01), with a significant trend towards less radiographic progression in more recent times (trend, p<0.001). However, after adjusting for DMARD use, steroid use and baseline predictors, differences between decades vanished (analysis of variance, p = 0.40) and the trend towards less radiographic progression disappeared (trend, p = 0.45).\Question: Are progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras : trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis attributable to improved treatment?
[A]:
These results suggest that the observed trend towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to more effective antirheumatic treatment and not to a secular trend.