Problem: Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a compound and simple alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be written also as or (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), and is often abbreviated as EtOH. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor. It is used as a drug and is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes, and is most commonly considered as a popular recreational drug. It also has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant. The compound is widely used as a chemical solvent, either for scientific chemical testing or in synthesis of other organic compounds, and is a vital substance utilized across many different kinds of manufacturing industries. Ethanol is also used as a clean energy burning fuel source.

"Ethanol" is the systematic name defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for a compound consisting of alkyl group with two carbon atoms (prefix "eth-"), having a single bond between them (infix "-an-"), attached functional group-OH group (suffix "-ol").

The "eth-" prefix and the qualifier "ethyl" in "ethyl alcohol" originally come from the name "ethyl" assigned in 1834 to the group - by Justus Liebig. He coined the word from the German name "Aether" of the compound -O- (commonly called "ether" in English, more specifically called "diethyl ether"). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "Ethyl" is a contraction of the Ancient Greek (aither, "upper air") and the Greek word "" ("hyle", substance).
1. What is Ethanol also called?
2. How is it often abbreviated?
3. How is it produced?
4. Does it have any medical applications?
5. Who defines the systematic name Ethanol?
6. What is it used as in chemical testing or synthesis of organic compounds?
7. What is its medical applications?
8. According to the Oxford English Dictionary what is Ethyl a contraction of?
9. and what other word?
10. Can Ethanol be used as a fuel source?
11. What are some of Ethanols characteristics besides being volatile?
12. Who coinded the term from a German name?
Answer: 1. alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol
2. EtOH
3. by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes
4. yes
5. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
6. a chemical solvent
7. antiseptic and disinfectant
8. Ancient Greek
9. Greek word "" ("hyle", substance)
10. yes
11. flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor.
12. Justus Liebig

Problem: CHAPTER XXIV

THE HANEYS RETURN TO THE PEAKS

The forces that really move most men are the small, concrete, individual experiences of life. The death of a child is of more account to its parents than the fall of a republic. Napoleon did not forget Josephine in his Italian campaigns, and Grant, inflexible commander of a half-million men, never failed, even in the Wilderness, to remember the plain little woman whose fireside fortunes were so closely interwoven with his epoch-making wars.

As Ben Fordyce lost interest in the question of labor and capital and the political struggles of the state (because they were of less account than his own combat with the powers of darkness), so Bertha had little thought of the abstract, the sociologic, in her uneasiness--the strife was individual, the problems personal--and at last, weary of question, of doubt, she yielded once more to the protecting power which lay in Haney's gold and permitted herself to enjoy its use, its command of men. There was something like intoxication in this sense of supremacy, this freedom from ceaseless calculation, and to rise above the doubt in which she had been plunged was like suddenly acquiring wings.

She accepted any chance to penetrate the city's life, determined to secure all that she could of its light and luxury, and in return intrusted Lucius with plans for luncheons and dinners, which he carried out with lavish hand.

Mart seconded all her resolutions with hearty voice. "There's nothing too good for the Haneys!" he repeatedly chuckled.
1. Fordyce's first name?
2. what did he lose interest in?
3. and?
4. why?
5. Bertha didn't think about what?
6. or the?
7. wghat's distracting her?
8. what was individual?
9. what really moves people?
10. what's of more acount?
11. who is it important to?
12. more important than?
13. what Emperor is mentioned?
14. who did he not forget?
15. during what?
16. what other military general is mentioned
17. how many men did he have?
18. what type of war was he involved in?
19. who did he remember
20. what sort of fortune?
Answer: 1. Ben
2. labor and capital a
3. the political struggles of the state
4. because they were of less account than his own combat with the powers of darkness
5. abstract
6. the sociologic,
7. personal problems
8. the strife
9. small, concrete, individual experiences of life.
10. The death of a child
11. its parents
12. the fall of a republic
13. . Napoleon
14. josephine
15. his Italian campaigns
16. Grant
17. a half-million men,
18. epoch-making
19. a plain little woman
20. fireside

Problem: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering, that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.

UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design developed by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh at Rational Software in 19941995, with further development led by them through 1996.

In 1997 UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG), and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005 UML was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as an approved ISO standard. Since then the standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML.

UML has been evolving since the second half of the 1990s and has its roots in the object-oriented programming methods developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The timeline (see image) shows the highlights of the history of object-oriented modeling methods and notation.

It is originally based on the notations of the Booch method, the object-modeling technique (OMT) and object-oriented software engineering (OOSE), which it has integrated into a single language.

Rational Software Corporation hired James Rumbaugh from General Electric in 1994 and after that the company became the source for two of the most popular object-oriented modeling approaches of the day: Rumbaugh's object-modeling technique (OMT) and Grady Booch's method. They were soon assisted in their efforts by Ivar Jacobson, the creator of the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) method, who joined them at Rational in 1995.
1. What does UML stand for?
2. Is it used in speaking?
3. What field then?
4. What kind of programming is it used for?
5. Who developed it?
6. When did Rational hire James ?
7. From where?
8. When did Ivar join?
9. Who adopted it as standard?
10. When?
11. It was based on what?
Answer:
1. Unified Modeling Language
2. no
3. software engineering,
4. to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.
5. Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh
6. in 1994
7. General Electric
8. 1995.
9. the Object Management Group
10. In 1997
11. the Booch method, the object-modeling technique and object-oriented software engineering