Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: Just two years before her 100thbirthday, Sensei Keiko Fukuda has become the first woman to achieve a tenth-degree black belt --- the highest rank in the martial art and combat sport judo . Fukuda is now one of only four living people who've earned the tenth-degree (or dan) black belt. Throughout history, only sixteen people have ever achieved this honor. Fukuda began practicing judo in 1935 and is the only surviving student of its founder, Kano Jiguro. Urged by her teacher, she learned English to help spread judo internationally. During a time when getting married, building a family, and becoming a housewife was the standard, Fukuda went against tradition, _ marriage to pursue the martial art. "All I did was judo ... this was my marriage," Fukuda reflected tearfully to the San Francisco Chronicle. "This is when my life destiny was set. I just never imagined how long this road would be." She described the Jiguro's school, known as the Kodokan, as "old-fashioned and sexist about belts and ranks". In fact, an order that prevented women from achieving any higher than a fifth-degree black belt kept Fukuda at that level for thirty years. She was finally promoted to sixth dan in 1972 when a woman's division was created. Fukuda said she approached judo and her life with the intention to "be gentle, kind and beautiful, yet firm and strong, both mentally and physically". Fukuda said this kind of beauty is decidedly not external . " A kind soul is inner beauty," she explained to the paper. "I believe this is true beauty ... All my life this has been my dream." Dream realized, the 98-year-old Sensei Keiko Fukuda continues to teach judo three times a week at a woman's judo. Question: Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? - The only surviving student of Kano Jiguro remains single. - The tenth-degree black belt is the highest rank in judo. - Sensei Keiko Fukuda spreads judo throughout the world. - 98-year-old woman becomes the first woman ever to earn judo's highest-degree black belt.
98-year-old woman becomes the first woman ever to earn judo's highest-degree black belt.

Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: When I was three, my parents took me to have an operation in India, which stopped my eyesight from deteriorating . Several years later we moved to Pakistan, where I received 12 operations within one year and went completely blind. Later, I realized that the doctors used me as an experiment. I met my husband when he came over from India to study. I wanted to go to India to marry him, but it was almost impossible to emigrate. I made a crazy plan to cross the borders of several countries to get to India. I was arrested in the first country I escaped to. Back in Pakistan, I lost my job and was asked to sign a "never-to-escape" promise. Instead, when I got home, I made a cup of coffee and decided to make a formal application for emigration. _ , and people who applied to go to India found it hard to find a job in Pakistan while they were waiting. In the end, my husband managed to smooth the way for my emigration. We got married and had children. But after nine years, he died of brain cancer. I was helpless for a while, and then I learned to face reality optimistically. He taught us happiness came from inside us. Six years ago, I brought home a dog called Moritz from the seeing-eye dog centre. He was short with long ears. No one liked him because of his pathetic appearance. We were almost always together. Moritz could not leave me for even one minute. Now when I walk down the street, not like before, people will come up and say, "What a good seeing-eye dog!", and have a little chat with me as a normal creature. I'm now working for the Association of the Blind and I have many good friends, and a special friend in Hamburg. It is a wonderful feeling to speak freely with someone I can't see, to trust one another. Question: From the text, we learn the author is _ . - a burden not only for her family but also for the society - a kind-hearted lady protecting wretched pets - not an obedient citizen - a determined and optimistic person
a determined and optimistic person

Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: If you hear the sound of a mobile phone beeping in a bag or pocket, you could think that someone has received a text message. Text messaging, or texting, is the art of sending a short, electronic message between two mobile phones. The users should pay a certain amount to send messages via SMS--- short message service. But in the last few years, with the development of smart phones, messaging in this way has been _ The rise of smart phones has seen an increase in the use of instant messaging apps. The apps offer a cheap alternative to traditional texts. Using wireless internet connections, people can send a number of messages to their friends at a very low cost. Unlike traditional mobile texts, the users usually only have to pay to download the app once, after which each message they send is free. Instant messaging apps have become popular all over the world. Hundreds of millions of people use the apps to chat with their friends. These apps allow people to send pictures messages for free---something which previously was quite costly. Many of these apps also allow users to have access to a huge range of colourful emotions, which can help people express their emotions. The research company Informa said that almost 19 billion messages were sent per day using chat apps last year, compared with 17.6 billion SMS texts. And it expects the chat app market to grow to 50 billion per day by 2015. So does this really mean the end of communicating by texting? Pamela Clark-Dickson from Informa doesn't think so. She says that there are a large number of people who use normal mobile phones, particularly in developing countries and prefer the SMS messaging tool. For the moment, these users still find that SMS is the best messaging experience for them. Question: What can we learn about instant messaging apps? - Normal mobile phones can be used to download the apps. - The apps enjoy high popularity in developing countries. - Only part of the messages sent by the apps are free of charge. - It will cost the users some money for downloading the apps.
It will cost the users some money for downloading the apps.