instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Orphan Works Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON REMEDIES IN CASES INVOLVING ORPHAN WORKS.

(a) Limitation on Remedies.--Chapter 5 of title 17, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
''Sec. 514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works
''(a) Limitation on Remedies.--
''(1) Conditions.--Notwithstanding sections 502 through
505, in an action brought under this title for infringement of
copyright in a work, the remedies for infringement shall be
limited under subsection (b) if the infringer sustains the
burden of proving, and the court finds, that--
''(A) before the infringing use of the work began,
the infringer, a person acting on behalf of the
infringer, or any person jointly and severally liable
with the infringer for the infringement of the work--
''(i) performed and documented a reasonably
diligent search in good faith to locate the
owner of the infringed copyright; but
''(ii) was unable to locate the owner; and
''(B) the infringing use of the work provided
attribution, in a manner reasonable under the
circumstances, to the author and owner of the
copyright, if known with a reasonable degree of
certainty based on information obtained in performing
the reasonably diligent search.
''(2) Definitions; requirements for searches.--
''(A) Owner of infringed copyright.--For purposes
of paragraph (1), the 'owner' of an infringed copyright
in a work is the legal or beneficial owner of, or any
party with authority to grant or license, an exclusive
right under section 106 applicable to the infringement.
''(B) Requirements for reasonably diligent
search.--(i) For purposes of paragraph (1), a search to
locate the owner of an infringed copyright in a work--
''(I) is 'reasonably diligent' only if it
includes steps that are reasonable under the
circumstances to locate that owner in order to
obtain permission for the use of the work; and
''(II) is not 'reasonably diligent' solely
by reference to the lack of identifying
information with respect to the copyright on
the copy or phonorecord of the work.
''(ii) The steps referred to in clause (i)(I) shall
ordinarily include, at a minimum, review of the
information maintained by the Register of Copyrights
under subparagraph (C).
''(iii) A reasonably diligent search includes the
use of reasonably available expert assistance and
reasonably available technology, which may include, if
reasonable under the circumstances, resources for which
a charge or subscription fee is imposed.
''(C) Information to guide searches.--The Register
of Copyrights shall receive, maintain, and make
available to the public, including through the
Internet, information from authoritative sources, such
as industry guidelines, statements of best practices,
and other relevant documents, that is designed to
assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably
diligent search under this subsection. Such information
may include--
''(i) the records of the Copyright Office
that are relevant to identifying and locating
copyright owners;
''(ii) other sources of copyright ownership
information reasonably available to users;
''(iii) methods to identify copyright
ownership information associated with a work;
''(iv) sources of reasonably available
technology tools and reasonably available
expert assistance; and
''(v) best practices for documenting a
reasonably diligent search.
''(b) Limitations on Remedies.--The limitations on remedies in a
case to which subsection (a) applies are the following:
''(1) Monetary relief.--
''(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B),
an award for monetary relief (including actual damages,
statutory damages, costs, and attorney's fees) may not
be made, other than an order requiring the infringer to
pay reasonable compensation for the use of the
infringed work.
''(B) Exceptions.--(i) An order requiring the
infringer to pay reasonable compensation for the use of
the infringed work may not be made under subparagraph
(A) if--
''(I) the infringement is performed without
any purpose of direct or indirect commercial
advantage and primarily for a charitable,
religious, scholarly, or educational purpose,
and
''(II) the infringer ceases the
infringement expeditiously after receiving
notice of the claim for infringement,
unless the copyright owner proves, and the court finds,
that the infringer has earned proceeds directly
attributable to the infringement.
''(ii) If the infringer fails to negotiate in good
faith with the owner of the infringed work regarding
the amount of reasonable compensation for the use of
the infringed work, the court may award full costs,
including a reasonable attorney's fee, against the
infringer under section 505, subject to section 412.
''(2) Injunctive relief.--
''(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B),
the court may impose injunctive relief to prevent or
restrain the infringing use, except that, if the
infringer has met the requirements of subsection (a),
the relief shall, to the extent practicable, account
for any harm that the relief would cause the infringer
due to its reliance on having performed a reasonably
diligent search under subsection (a).
''(B) Special rule for new works.--In a case in
which the infringer recasts, transforms, adapts, or
integrates the infringed work with the infringer's
original expression in a new work of authorship, the
court may not, in granting injunctive relief, restrain
the infringer's continued preparation or use of that
new work, if the infringer--
''(i) pays reasonable compensation to the
owner of the infringed copyright for the use of
the infringed work; and
''(ii) provides attribution to the owner of
the infringed copyright in a manner that the
court determines is reasonable under the
circumstances.
''(C) Treatment of parties not subject to suit.--
The limitations on remedies under this paragraph shall
not be available to an infringer that asserts in an
action under section 501(b) that neither it nor its
representative acting in an official capacity is
subject to suit in Federal court for an award of
damages to the copyright owner under section 504,
unless the court finds that such infringer has--
''(i) complied with the requirements of
subsection (a) of this section;
''(ii) made a good faith offer of
compensation that was rejected by the copyright
owner; and
''(iii) affirmed in writing its willingness
to pay such compensation to the copyright owner
upon the determination by the court that such
compensation was reasonable under paragraph (3)
of this subsection.
''(D) Construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (C)
shall be deemed to authorize or require, and no action
taken pursuant to subparagraph (C) shall be deemed to
constitute, an award of damages by the court against
the infringer.
''(E) Rights and privileges not waived.--No action
taken by an infringer pursuant to subparagraph (C)
shall be deemed to waive any right or privilege that,
as a matter of law, protects such infringer from being
subject to suit in Federal court for an award of
damages to the copyright owner under section 504.
''(3) Reasonable compensation.--In establishing reasonable
compensation under paragraph (1) or (2), the owner of the
infringed copyright has the burden of establishing the amount
on which a reasonable willing buyer and a reasonable willing
seller in the positions of the owner and the infringer would
have agreed with respect to the infringing use of the work
immediately before the infringement began.
''(c) Preservation of Other Rights, Limitations, and Defense.--This
section does not affect any right, limitation, or defense to copyright
infringement, including fair use, under this title. If another
provision of this title provides for a statutory license when the
copyright owner cannot be located, that provision applies in lieu of
this section.
''(d) Copyright for Derivative Works.--Notwithstanding section
103(a), the infringing use of a work in accordance with this section
shall not limit or affect the copyright protection for a work that uses
the infringed work.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 5 of
title 17, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following new item:

''514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply only to infringing uses that commence on or after June 1, 2008.

SEC. 3. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AMENDMENTS.

The Register of Copyrights shall, not later than December 12, 2014,
report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate on the
implementation and effects of the amendments made by section 2,
including any recommendations for legislative changes that the Register
considers appropriate.

SEC. 4. INQUIRY ON REMEDIES FOR SMALL COPYRIGHT CLAIMS.

(a) In General.--The Register of Copyrights shall conduct an
inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims
seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of
alternatives to disputes currently heard in the United States district
courts. The inquiry shall cover infringement claims to which section
514 of title 17, United States Code (as added by section 2 of this
Act), apply, and other infringement claims under title 17, United
States Code.
(b) Procedures.--The Register of Copyrights shall publish notice of
the inquiry under subsection (a), providing a period during which
interested persons may submit comments on the inquiry, and an
opportunity for interested persons to participate in public roundtables
on the inquiry. The Register shall hold the public roundtables at such
times as the Register considers appropriate.
(c) Report to Congress.--The Register of Copyrights shall, not
later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, prepare
and submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a
report on the inquiry conducted under this section, including such
recommendations that the Register considers appropriate.
answer:
Orphan Works Act of 2006 - Limits the remedies available in a copyright infringement action if the infringer proves that: (1) the infringer performed and documented a reasonably diligent search in good faith to locate the copyright owner before using the work, but was unable to locate the owner; and (2) the infringing use of the work provided attribution to the author and owner of the copyright, if known.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to make information available from authoritative sources to assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably diligent search.

Permits an award of reasonable compensation for the use of the infringed work, except if: (1) the infringement is performed without any commercial advantage and for primarily a charitable, religious, scholarly, or educational purpose; and (2) the infringer ceases the infringement expeditiously after receiving notice of the claim for infringement.

Allows the court to impose injunctive relief to prevent or restrain the infringing use, but such relief shall account for harm caused to the infringer due to reliance on having performed a reasonably diligent search. Prohibits the court from imposing injunctive relief that restrains the continued preparation or use of a new work that recasts, transforms, adapts, or integrates the infringed work with the infringer's original expression in a new work of authorship if the infringer pays reasonable compensation and provides attribution to the copyright owner.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to conduct an inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of alternatives to disputes currently heard in the U.S. district courts.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of
2013''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress finds the following:
(1) Sequestration is having a devastating effect on the
Nation's air traffic control system.
(2) Sequestration imposes a reduction in funding of $637
million on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the
remainder of fiscal year 2013.
(3) The FAA plans to furlough the vast majority of the
FAA's nearly 47,000 employees, including nearly 15,000 air
traffic controllers, for approximately one day during each two-
week pay period in order to comply with sequestration.
(4) The furloughs began on Sunday, April 21, 2013, and are
scheduled to continue through the end of the fiscal year on
September 30, 2013. Approximately 10 percent of the FAA's air
traffic controllers are expected to be on furlough on any given
day during this period.
(5) The furloughs are causing hundreds of flights to be
delayed, resulting in scheduling difficulties for airlines and
inconveniences for passengers.
(6) The FAA reported that approximately 400 flights were
delayed nationwide on April 21, 2013, as a result of the
furloughs.
(7) The FAA reported that more than 1,200 flights were
delayed nationwide on April 22, 2013, as a result of the
furloughs.
(8) More delays are expected in the coming months during
the peak summer travel season.
(9) The effects of multiple flight delays at airports
across the Nation can be compounded as delays at one airport
cause planes to arrive late at other airports and also cause
passengers to miss connecting flights.
(10) Air carriers operating in United States air space
transport more than 700 million passengers every year.
(11) Civil aviation accounts for 10 million jobs, is
responsible for more than 5 percent of the United States gross
domestic product, and contributes $1.3 trillion to the economy
every year.
(12) Businesses of all sizes depend upon a reliable
commercial air transportation system. Business travelers
account for millions of trips each month.
(13) Flight delays for business travelers interfere with
business plans and result in business meetings being delayed,
cancelled, or missed.
(14) Flight delays affecting the transportation of air
cargo also interfere with business.
(15) The Nation's economy depends upon a reliable
commercial air transportation system.
(16) The FAA also plans to close 149 air traffic control
towers at small airports across the Nation on June 15, 2013, in
order to comply with sequestration. Despite their size, these
airports are an important part of the Nation's air
transportation system and economy.
(17) Air traffic control is a critical government function
that is necessary to ensure the safety of air travel and the
flying public.
(18) Inadequate staffing of airport control towers poses a
serious threat to public safety.
(19) Without the service of experienced air traffic
controllers in all of the Nation's Federal air traffic control
towers, there is an increased risk of accidents involving
planes during departure, flight, and landing. Such accidents
could result in a tragic loss of life.
(20) The sequestration of funds associated with the
operation of air traffic control towers by the FAA interferes
with the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the Nation's
air transportation system.
(21) The operation of air traffic control towers by the
FAA, including the compensation paid to air traffic control
personnel employed by the FAA, should be exempted from
sequestration.

SEC. 3. EXEMPTION FROM SEQUESTRATION FOR OPERATION OF AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL TOWERS.

(a) In General.--Section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended by adding at the
end the following new subsection:
''(k) Operation of Air Traffic Control Towers.--The following funds
shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part:
''(1) Funds made available for the operation of air traffic
control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration,
including compensation paid to air traffic control personnel
employed by the Federal Aviation Administration.
''(2) Funds made available for the operation of contract
air traffic control towers under section 47124 of title 49,
United States Code.''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by section 1 shall apply to
the Presidential sequestration order for fiscal year 2013 issued under
section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act
of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901a) and any subsequent sequestration order issued
under that Act.
answer:
Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of 2013 - Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to exempt from reduction, under any sequestration ordered by the President, funds made available for the operation of: (1) air traffic control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), including compensation paid to FAA air traffic control personnel; and (2) contract air traffic control towers.

question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Fair Disaster Tax Relief Act of
2008''.

SEC. 2. LOSSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO FEDERALLY DECLARED DISASTERS.

(a) Waiver of Adjusted Gross Income Limitation.--
(1) In general.--Subsection (h) of section 165 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by redesignating
paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively,
and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new
paragraph:
''(3) Special rule for losses in federally declared
disasters.--
''(A) In general.--If an individual has a net
disaster loss for any taxable year, the amount
determined under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) shall be the sum
of--
''(i) such net disaster loss, and
''(ii) so much of the excess referred to in
the matter preceding clause (i) of paragraph
(2)(A) (reduced by the amount in clause (i) of
this subparagraph) as exceeds 10 percent of the
adjusted gross income of the individual.
''(B) Net disaster loss.--For purposes of
subparagraph (A), the term 'net disaster loss' means
the excess of--
''(i) the personal casualty losses--
''(I) attributable to a federally
declared disaster, and
''(II) occurring in a disaster
area, over
''(ii) personal casualty gains.
''(C) Federally declared disaster.--For purposes of
this paragraph--
''(i) Federally declared disaster.--The
term 'federally declared disaster' means any
disaster subsequently determined by the
President of the United States to warrant
assistance by the Federal Government under the
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act.
''(ii) Disaster area.--The term 'disaster
area' means the area so determined to warrant
such assistance.''.
(2) Conforming amendments.--
(A) Section 165(h)(4)(B) (as so redesignated) is
amended by striking ''paragraph (2)'' and inserting
''paragraphs (2) and (3)''.
(B) Section 165(i)(1) of such Code is amended by
striking ''loss'' and all that follows through ''Act''
and inserting ''loss occurring in a disaster area (as
defined by clause (ii) of subsection (h)(3)(C)) and
attributable to a federally declared disaster (as
defined by clause (i) of such subsection)''.
(C) Section 165(i)(4) of such Code is amended by
striking ''Presidentially declared disaster (as defined
by section 1033(h)(3))'' and inserting ''federally
declared disaster (as defined by subsection
(h)(3)(C)(i)''.
(D)(i) So much of subsection (h) of section 1033 of
such Code as precedes subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1)
thereof is amended to read as follows:
''(h) Special Rules for Property Damaged by Federally Declared
Disasters.--
''(1) Principal residences.--If the taxpayer's principal
residence or any of its contents is located in a disaster area
and is compulsorily or involuntarily converted as a result of a
federally declared disaster--''.
(ii) Paragraph (2) of section 1033(h) of such Code
is amended by striking ''investment'' and all that
follows through ''disaster'' and inserting ''investment
located in a disaster area and compulsorily or
involuntarily converted as a result of a federally
declared disaster''.
(iii) Paragraph (3) of section 1033(h) is amended
to read as follows:
''(3) Federally declared disaster; disaster area.--The
terms ''federally declared disaster'' and ''disaster area''
shall have the respective meaning given such terms by section
165(h)(3)(C).''.
(iv) Section 139(c)(2) of such Code is amended to
read as follows:
''(2) federally declared disaster (as defined by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i)),''.
(v) Subclause (II) of section 172(b)(1)(F)(ii) of
such Code is amended by striking ''Presidentially
declared disasters (as defined in section 1033(h)(3))''
and inserting ''federally declared disasters (as
defined by subsection (h)(3)(C)(i))''.
(vi) Subclause (III) of section 172(b)(1)(F)(ii) of
such Code is amended by striking ''Presidentially
declared disasters'' and inserting ''federally declared
disasters''.
(vii) Subsection (a) of section 7508A of such Code
is amended by striking ''Presidentially declared
disaster (as defined in section 1033(h)(3))'' and
inserting ''federally declared disaster (as defined by
section 165(h)(3)(C)(i))''.
(b) Increase in Standard Deduction by Disaster Casualty Loss.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 63(c) of such
Code (defining standard deduction) is amended by striking
''and'' at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period
at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting '', and'', and by
adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(D) the disaster loss deduction.''.
(2) Disaster loss deduction.--Subsection (c) of section 63
of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
''(8) Disaster loss deduction.--For the purposes of
paragraph (1), the term 'disaster loss deduction' means the net
disaster loss (as defined in section 165(h)(3)(B)).''.
(3) Allowance in computing alternative minimum taxable
income.--Subparagraph (E) of section 56(b)(1) of such Code
(relating to standard deduction and deduction for personal
exemptions not allowed) is amended by adding at the end the
following new sentence: ''The preceding sentence shall not
apply to so much of the standard deduction as is determined
under section 63(c)(1)(D).''.
(c) Increase in Limitation on Individual Loss Per Casualty.--
Paragraph (1) of section 165(h) of such Code (relating to treatment of
casualty gains and losses) is amended by striking ''$100'' and
inserting ''$500''.
(d) Effective Dates.--
(1) Except as provided by paragraph (2), the amendments
made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning
after December 31, 2007.
(2) The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 3. EXPENSING OF QUALIFIED DISASTER EXPENSES.

(a) In General.--Part VI of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to itemized deductions for
individuals and corporations) is amended by inserting after section 198
the following new section:

''SEC. 198A. EXPENSING OF QUALIFIED DISASTER EXPENSES.

''(a) In General.--A taxpayer may elect to treat any qualified
disaster expenses which are paid or incurred by the taxpayer as an
expense which is not chargeable to capital account. Any expense which
is so treated shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year in
which it is paid or incurred.
''(b) Qualified Disaster Expense.--For purposes of this section,
the term 'qualified disaster expense' means any expenditure--
''(1) which is paid or incurred in connection with a trade
or business or with business-related property,
''(2) which is--
''(A) for the abatement or control of hazardous
substances that were released on account of a federally
declared disaster,
''(B) for the removal of debris from, or the
demolition of structures on, real property which is
business-related property damaged or destroyed as a
result of a federally declared disaster, or
''(C) for the repair of business-related property
damaged as a result of a federally declared disaster,
and
''(3) is otherwise chargeable to capital account.
''(c) Other Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
''(1) Business-related property.--The term 'business-
related property' means property--
''(A) held by the taxpayer for use in a trade or
business or for the production of income, or
''(B) described in section 1221(a)(1) in the hands
of the taxpayer.
''(2) Federally declared disaster.--The term 'federally
declared disaster' has the meaning given such term by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i).
''(d) Deduction Recaptured as Ordinary Income on Sale, etc.--Solely
for purposes of section 1245, in the case of property to which a
qualified disaster expense would have been capitalized but for this
section--
''(1) the deduction allowed by this section for such
expense shall be treated as a deduction for depreciation, and
''(2) such property (if not otherwise section 1245
property) shall be treated as section 1245 property solely for
purposes of applying section 1245 to such deduction.
''(e) Coordination With Other Provisions.--Sections 198, 280B, and
468 shall not apply to amounts which are treated as expenses under this
section.
''(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations
as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this
section.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part VI of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after
the item relating to section 198 the following new item:

''Sec. 198A. Expensing of Qualified Disaster Expenses.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to amounts paid or incurred after December 31, 2007.

SEC. 4. NET OPERATING LOSSES ATTRIBUTABLE TO FEDERALLY DECLARED
DISASTERS.

(a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 172(b) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to years to which loss may be carried)
is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(J) Certain losses attributable to federally
declared disasters.--In the case of a taxpayer who has
a qualified disaster loss (as defined in subsection
(j)), such loss shall be a net operating loss carryback
to each of the 5 taxable years preceding the taxable
year of such loss.''.
(b) Qualified Disaster Loss.--Section 172 of such Code (relating to
net operating loss deduction) is amended by redesignating subsections
(j) and (k) as subsections (k) and (l), respectively, and by inserting
after subsection (i) the following new subsection:
''(j) Rules Relating to Qualified Disaster Losses.--For purposes of
this section--
''(1) In general.--The term 'qualified disaster loss' means
the lesser of--
''(A) the sum of--
''(i) the losses allowable under section
165 for the taxable year--
''(I) attributable to a federally
declared disaster (as defined in
section 165(h)(3)(C)(i)), and
''(II) occurring in a disaster area
(as defined in section
165(h)(3)(C)(ii)), and
''(ii) the deduction for the taxable year
for qualified disaster expenses which is
allowable under section 198A(a) or which would
be so allowable if not otherwise treated as an
expense, or
''(B) the net operating loss for such taxable year.
''(2) Coordination with subsection (b)(2).--For purposes of
applying subsection (b)(2), a qualified disaster loss for any
taxable year shall be treated in a manner similar to the manner
in which a specified liability loss is treated.
''(3) Election.--Any taxpayer entitled to a 5-year
carryback under subsection (b)(1)(J) from any loss year may
elect to have the carryback period with respect to such loss
year determined without regard to subsection (b)(1)(J). Such
election shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed by
the Secretary and shall be made by the due date (including
extensions of time) for filing the taxpayer's return for the
taxable year of the net operating loss. Such election, once
made for any taxable year, shall be irrevocable for such
taxable year.''.
(c) Loss Deduction Allowed in Computing Alternative Minimum Taxable
Income.--Subsection (d) of section 56 of such Code (defining
alternative tax net operating loss deduction) is amended by adding at
the end the following new paragraph:
''(3) Net operating loss attributable to federally declared
disasters.--In the case of a taxpayer which has a qualified
disaster loss (as defined by section 172(b)(1)(J)) for the
taxable year, paragraph (1) shall be applied by increasing the
amount determined under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) thereof by the
sum of the carrybacks and carryovers of such loss.''.
(d) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) Clause (ii) of section 172(b)(1)(F) of such Code is
amended by inserting ''or qualified disaster loss (as defined
in subsection (j))'' before the period at the end of the last
sentence.
(2) Paragraph (1) of section 172(i) of such Code is amended
by adding at the end the following new flush sentence:
''Such term shall not include any qualified disaster loss (as
defined in subsection (j)).''.
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31,
2007.

SEC. 5. WAIVER OF CERTAIN MORTGAGE REVENUE BOND REQUIREMENTS FOLLOWING
FEDERALLY DECLARED DISASTERS.

(a) In General.--Paragraph (11) of section 143(k) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:
''(11) Special rules for federally declared disasters.--
''(A) Principal residence destroyed.--If the
principal residence (within the meaning of section 121)
of a taxpayer is--
''(i) rendered unsafe for use as a
residence by reason of a federally declared
disaster, or
''(ii) demolished or relocated by reason of
an order of the government of a State or
political subdivision thereof on account of a
federally declared disaster,
then for the 2-year period beginning on the date of the
disaster declaration, subsection (d)(1) shall not apply
with respect to such taxpayer and subsection (e) shall
be applied by substituting '110' for '90' in paragraph
(1) thereof.
''(B) Principle residence damaged.--
''(i) In general.--If the principal
residence (within the meaning of section 121)
of a taxpayer resulting from a federally
declared disaster was damaged, any owner-
financing provided in connection with the
repair or reconstruction of such residence
shall be treated as a qualified rehabilitation
loan.
''(ii) Limitation.--The aggregate owner-
financing to which clause (i) applies shall not
exceed the lesser of--
''(I) the cost of such repair or
reconstruction, or
''(II) $150,000.
''(C) Federally declared disaster.--For purposes of
this paragraph, the term 'federally declared disaster'
has the meaning given such term by section
165(h)(3)(C)(i).''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
apply to disasters occurring after December 31, 2007.
answer:
Fair Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide special tax rules for individuals affected by a federally declared disaster, including: (1) allowance of all personal casualty losses incurred in a federally declared disaster in excess of $500; (2) an increase in the standard tax deduction for disaster losses; (3) full expensing of business-related disaster cleanup expenses; (4) extension of the net operating loss carryback period from two to five years for disaster-related losses; and (5) allowance of tax-exempt bond financing of low-interest loans for principal residences damaged in a federally declared disaster.