Problem: S1: In all authors , the verb tends to be final in subordinate clauses more often than in the main sentences .
S2: In all authors , the verb tends to be final more often in subordinate clauses than in main clauses .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A: yes

Problem: S1: It was won by Vladimir Kramnik , who defeated Dmitry Andreikin 2 -- 1 in the final match .
S2: It was won by Dmitry Andreikin , who defeated Vladimir Kramnik for 2 - 1 in the final match .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A: no

Problem: S1: It also has black scales with a pale underside with dark stains .
S2: It also has black scales with a pale underside with dark spots .

Do S1 & S2 convey the same information?

A:
yes