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Turn the oven on to 350 degrees F (175 C). Get out an 8 x 8-inch (20 x 20-cm) baking pan. Spray the pan with cooking spray and then lay two sheets of parchment paper in the pan so the bottom and all sides are covered with the paper. The paper will make it easier to remove the pie bars. If you don't have a square baking pan, you can use a round springform pan. If you use the springform pan, you won't need to use the parchment paper. Place 1 cup (125 grams) of all-purpose flour into a food processor. Add 1/4 teaspoon of salt and 1/4 cup (50 g) of granulated sugar. Put the lid on the processor and pulse the mixture so the ingredients are combined. If you don't have a food processor, you can make the crust in a mixing bowl. You'll just need to manually cut the butter into the dry ingredients. Cut 1/2 cup (4 ounces or 115 grams) of unsalted butter into cubes and add them to the food processor. Turn the food processor on so the butter is incorporated with the dry crust ingredients. Run the food processor for about 30 seconds so dough begins to form. If you're making the crust by hand, you'll need to mix the butter in and then knead the mixture into a rough dough. Scoop the dough directly into the parchment-lined pan. Use your fingers to press the dough evenly across the bottom and slightly up the sides of the pan. Bake the crust in the preheated oven for 15 minutes. Let the crust cool while you make the filling. The crust will be very pale once it's finished par-baking. Put 6 tablespoons (85 grams) of unsalted butter into a small saucepan. Turn the heat to medium. Stir the butter until it melts and then pour it into a large mixing bowl. Let the butter cool. Once the butter is cool, whisk 1/3 cup (66 g) of dark brown sugar and 1/3 cup (66 g) of granulated sugar into the mixing bowl. When the mixture is smooth, whisk in: 1 large egg 1 large egg yolk 1/4 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon bourbon (optional) 1 teaspoon vanilla extract Add 6 tablespoons of all-purpose flour and stir the batter until the flour is just incorporated. Stir in 3/4 cup (4 1/2 ounces or 130 grams) of chocolate chips or chopped chocolate and 3/4 cup (87 g) of toasted and coarsely chopped walnuts or pecans. Scoop the batter into the pie crust and spread it evenly. If you like, sprinkle some flaky sea salt over the top for added richness. Bake the thoroughbred pie bars in the preheated oven for 20 to 25 minutes. Remove the pan to a wire rack so they can cool before you cut them. The bars will be golden brown and firm once they've finished baking. Slice the cooled pie bars into 16 pieces and serve them with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. If you want to serve them warm, keep in mind that you may not be able to cut them into neat slices. Store leftover pie bars in an airtight container. You can chill them for up to 5 days or keep them at room temperature for up to 3 days.

summary: Preheat the oven and prepare a pan. Combine the dry crust ingredients. Add the butter to the crust ingredients. Spread the crust in the pan and bake it for 15 minutes. Melt and cool the butter. Whisk in the sugars, eggs, and seasonings. Stir in the flour, chocolate, and nuts. Fill the pan and bake the pie bars. Serve the thoroughbred pie bars.

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If this is your first aquarium, choose hardy community fish that can survive your learning curve. Once you have a few kinds in mind, visit some fish stores and choose which colors and breeds you would like to have in your aquarium, making sure they are compatible tankmates. Hold off on buying them until your aquarium is set up and cycled. Keep the breeds you want in mind when choosing the rest of your tank elements. You will need to understand the different kinds of fish that live at the three different levels of the tank. Top level fish live near the surface. Because the top level of the water does not have much decoration or movement, having top-level fish will give the viewer something to look at in that space. Some species can jump, so take care when removing the cover of the tank. The fish that like to live in the middle space of the tank are usually the most interesting to look at. Many colorful species can make your aquarium more aesthetically pleasing. Be sure to include species of larger fish and smaller schooling fish. Guppies are a popular schooling mid-level fish. Plecostomus, also known as sucker fish or sucker mouth catfish, are a commonly used bottom level fish that are good cleaners. Crayfish, which are actually crustaceans, come in a variety of colors and will scavenge the bottom of the tank. Remember to add foods that sink quickly to the bottom level. Overcrowding in the tank can lead to many problems and shorten the lives of your fish. The basic rule is for every gallon of water the tank holds, you can have one inch of fish. However, you should aim lower than this because tanks do not actually hold their full amount of water listed due to displacement. Know the full-grown size of the fish species. If you buy fish that are younger, they will most likely grow in size as they age, so when buying fish, be sure to plan for them to be at their full size to avoid overcrowding. Fish are categorized as community, semi-aggressive, and aggressive. Other than explicitly aggressive fish, most fish can coexist without issues as long as the tank is not overcrowded and as long as you avoid putting two of the same species of male together in the tank. Once your tank has been set up and cycled, you are ready to purchase your fish and add them to the tank. Buy only a few fish at first, and then add the remaining fish a few at a time, with two week intervals. Sit back and enjoy the view, and don't be afraid to make changes and upgrades!

summary: Choose aquarium fish based on your level of experience, tank size, and time commitment. Pick your top-level fish to fill the blank space in the top level of your tank. Choose mid-level fish that will be the moving centerpiece of your display. Pick your bottom-level fish to help clean material from the substrate. Limit the number of fish to fit the tank. Make sure the species of fish will not conflict with each other. Add the fish to the tank only after adding everything else.

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A compass needle can be made from any piece of metal that can be magnetized. A sewing needle is a straightforward, practical choice, especially since it's an item you'd normally find in a first aid or survival kit that you might have on hand on a backpacking trip. You could also try these other "needles": A paperclip A razor blade A safety pin A hairpin " You can magnetize your needle using a variety of methods: tapping it with a piece of steel or iron, rubbing it with a magnet, or rubbing it on another item that magnetizes it with static electricity. A refrigerator magnet works well for this purpose. You can also buy plain magnets from craft stores. You can use a steel or iron nail, horseshoe, crowbar, or other household item if you don't have a magnet. The hair and fur shown in the photo should be ignored! To magnetize a piece of metal, only another magnet will do the trick. Rubbing it can electrically charge it - but not magnetize it. In addition to a needle and a magnetizer, you'll need a bowl or jar, some water, and a coin-sized cross section of cork.
summary: Decide what to use for your compass needle. Choose a needle "magnetizer. Gather additional materials.