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Submerge the gourds in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This helps to loosen the skin and mold that may have developed on the outer surface. You can add bleach to the water to give the gourds a uniform color but this is not necessary. During the drying process, the outer skin may become wrinkled or stained. In general, you will want to scrape it off. You can also use steel wool or sandpaper to remove the outer layer of skin. However, using either of these tools will result in scratch marks. Only use sandpaper or steel wool if you plan on painting the gourd. While this is not necessary, it will give the surface of your gourd a uniform texture. You can also sand the inside of the gourd so that it is smooth.

summary: Clean the gourd after it has dried completely. Use the dull side of a table knife to scrape the outer skin off. Fill any small holes or cracks with wood putty.

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The SPF number tells you what percentage of UVB rays are absorbed by the sunblock. For instance, SPF 30 absorbs approximately 97 percent of UVB rays, while SPF 50 absorbs approximately 98 percent of UVB rays, while SPF 100 can block nearly 99 percent of UVB rays. Because of this, SPFs are quite misguiding. You might think that if you spend more on a SPF 100 product, then you will be absolutely safe in the sun, when in reality, its protection against UVB rays is only 2 percent higher than that of SPF 30. SPF only refers to blocking UVB rays, not UVA rays, and both of these can damage your skin. High SPFs have been shown to allow more UVA rays to reach your skin while not providing much better protection against UVB rays. Additionally, high SPFs do not last any longer than lower SPFs. Make sure that in protecting your skin from the sun, you aren't exposing yourself to other harmful elements. Many sunscreens contain parabens, which may increase rates of breast cancer and facilitate the development of melanoma! Oxybenzone can break down skin and cause hives and other problems. Retinyl palmitate can increase your risk of cancer when exposed to the sun. Watch out for ingredients like those to make sure that your sunscreen isn't doing more harm than good. Consider using mineral-based ingredients such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. These sit on top of the skin rather than being absorbed. These ingredients are able to reflect UV rays and have been shown to be safe and effective ingredients in preventing negative effects of the sun. If using chemicals, choose ones that protect against both UVA and UVB rays. Mexoryl SX, Mexoryl XL and Parsol 1789 are some chemicals that protect against UVA rays. Octinoxate, Octisalate and Homosalate are chemicals that protect against UVB rays. Look for a sunblock that contains these chemicals for the best overall protection from both types of rays. Avoid sunblocks that contain extracts of fruits or nuts. They have not been shown to block the sun and many of them can cause allergic reactions. "Broad spectrum" means that it protects from both the sun's UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays cause wrinkling and aging of the skin, while UVB rays cause sunburn, but both UVA and UVB cause skin cancer. It is best to be protected from both, however, many sunblocks only protect against UVB rays. Looking for a sunblock labeled "broad spectrum" will help you to avoid this. Sunblocks are no longer allowed to be labeled "waterproof" because they all wash off in water after a while. But water-resistant sunscreen can allow you to stay in the water for about 80 minutes before needing to reapply. If you plan on swimming or sweating, you will probably want a sunblock that is water-resistant. But keep in mind that it will need to be reapplied just like any other sunscreen. Sprays and creams are not the same. Try to avoid sunscreen sprays and choose a cream instead. With sprays, it is very easy to miss a spot and they also raise concerns about inhaling the product. Creams are more likely to ensure full coverage and you aren't at risk of inhaling them. While a good sunblock is an important measure for protecting your skin, it is only one part of this. Some people think that as long as they apply a sunblock, they are free to go soak up the sun's rays without any consequences. But one study showed that people using sunscreen were at a higher risk for developing melanoma. This is likely due to increased time sunbathing when applying sunscreen. No sunscreen can protect from all sun rays. To truly take care of your skin, limit your sun exposure and protect yourself with clothing, hats, or umbrellas.

summary: Choose an SPF number. Avoid parabens and harmful ingredients. Look for broad spectrum sunscreen. Use water-resistant sunscreen if you will be swimming. Avoid sunscreen sprays and choose creams instead. Find additional ways to protect your skin.

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The beard of an adult male turkey is longer than that of an immature male. Typically, immature male turkeys have beards measuring 6 inches (15 cm) or shorter. At the age of 2, most turkeys will have a beard between 9 and 10 inches (23 and 25 cm). Turkeys with beard beyond 10 inches (25 cm) are usually older than 3 years, but most beards do not exceed 11 inches (28 cm). The white striping that decorates the rest of each feather should extend all the way to the tip of the feather if the turkey is an adult male. Juvenile males have undecorated wing feather tips. The tip of an adult feather is usually rounded, too, but juvenile feathers are more pointed. For best results, spread the wing out until it is in a fully fanned position and check the outermost feather. The coloration and shape of the other wing feathers can change at different paces, so the outermost wing feather will give you the most accurate results. Fan out the tail feathers of the turkey or wait for it to do it naturally. The central tail feathers of an immature male are longer than the rest, but all tail feathers arch evenly on an adult male. Note that adult tail feathers are usually 12 to 15 inches (30.5 and 38 cm) long, while juvenile tail feathers are usually shorter. The exact length of juvenile tail feathers will vary depending on the exact age and overall growth of the bird, though. All juvenile turkeys have buff-tipped feathers on the lower third of the breast, regardless of their sex. Knowing that the turkey is a juvenile will allow you to use other factors to sex the bird. Note that juvenile breast feathers also tend to be more slender, and the tips are generally rounded. Adult breast feathers have squared tips. Both juvenile and adult male turkeys have leg spurs, but the spurs on a young male will look more like stubs since they are still developing. Immature males will have spurs that are less than 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) long. After the age of 2, adult males spurs can range between 1/2 and 1 inch (1.25 and 2.5 cm). Male turkeys over the age of 4 can have spurs measuring almost 2 inch (2.5 cm) or longer in very rare cases.
summary: Measure the turkey's beard. Inspect the tips of the wing feathers. Check the spread of that tail feathers. Take a look at the breast feathers. Examine any spurs on the turkey's legs.