In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[Q]: Paul, P.S., 1990. Applications of nucleic acid probes in veterinary infectious diseases. Vet. Microbiol., 24:409-417. Nucleic acid probe technology is increasingly being used in basic research in veterinary microbiology and in diagnosis of infectious diseases of veterinary importance. This review presents an overview of nucleic acid probe methodology and its applications in veterinary infectious diseases. The major applications of nucleic acid probes include detection of pathogens in clinical samples, especially those organisms which are fastidious and difficult to cultivate, differentiation of virulent from avirulent organisms and vaccine strains from wild type isolates, typing of microorganisms, mapping genes, screening libraries of cloned DNA for specific genes, detection of latently infected or carrier animals, study of mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiological studies and food safety. 0378-1135/90/$03.50
[A]: Applications of nucleic acid probes in veterinary infectious diseases

[Q]: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are important respiratory pathogens with similar symptomatology. The aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to identify risk factors for an hMPV or RSV infection during the first year of life in unselected healthy children. We followed 217 children from birth to 1 year of age. Nasal swabs and symptom diaries were collected monthly. Anti-hMPV and anti-RSV IgG antibodies by age 1 year were detected by ELISA, and nasal swabs were analysed for hMPV and RSV by RT-PCR. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis. Anti-hMPV IgG was found in 38 children (17.5%), and anti-RSV IgG in 172 children (79%). Risk factors for being anti-hMPV IgG-positive were: (1) being born in the spring (OR =2.36; 95% CI:1.06-5.27), and (2) having older siblings (OR=3.82; 95% CI:1.75-8.34). Risk factors for being anti-RSV IgG-positive were: (1) gestational age <38 weeks (OR=3.39; 95% CI:1.42-8.05), (2) increasing paternal age (OR=1.85 per 5 yrs; 95% CI:1.28-2.68), and (3) wall-to-wall carpeting (OR=3.15; 95% CI:1.29-7.68). Being born in the spring was associated with decreased odds of being anti-RSV IgG-positive (OR=0.27, 95% CI:0.09-0.85). Risk factors for RSV hospitalisation (n= 11) were: (1) older siblings (OR=4.49; 95% CI: 1.08-18.73) and (2) smoking in the household (OR=5.06; 95% CI: 1.36-18.76). Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 14 days of life protected against hospitalisation (OR= 0.21; 95% CI:0.06-0.79). In conclusion, this study identifies risk factors for mild and asymptomatic hMPV infections in infancy. Abbreviations hMPV human metapneumovirus RSV respiratory syncytial virus OR odds ratio PBS phosphate-buffered saline NPA nasopharyngeal aspirate RT-PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RT room temperature M-PBS PBS with 2% skim-milk powder HRP horseradish peroxidase TMB tetramethyl benzidine OD optical density SD standard deviation PDV Phocine Distemper Virus Eur
[A]: A community study of clinical traits and risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life

[Q]: Protein chips have emerged as a promising approach for a wide variety of applications including the identification of protein-protein interactions, protein-phospholipid interactions, small molecule targets, and substrates of proteins kinases. They can also be used for clinical diagnostics and monitoring disease states. This article reviews current methods in the generation and applications of protein microarrays. Understanding complex cellular systems will require the identification and analysis of each of its components and determining how they function together and are regulated. A critical step in this process is to determine the biochemical activities of the proteins and how these activities themselves are controlled and modified by other proteins. Traditionally, the biochemical activities of proteins have been elucidated by studying single molecules, one experiment at a time. This process is not optimal, as it is slow and labor intensive. In contrast to this traditional approach, high-throughput scientific methods have been developed in the last decade to optimize the study of large numbers of molecules, including DNA, proteins and metabolites. DNA microarrays in particular have proved valuable in genomic research (Schena et al., 1995) . They have been used to study gene expression patterns, to locate transcription factor binding sites, and to detect sequence mutations and deletions on a grand scale. However, DNA microarrays tell us only about the genes themselves and provide little information regarding the functions of the proteins they encode. More recently high throughput approaches have been developed for the study of proteins, including profiling of proteins using mass spectrometry (Gavin et al.,
[A]:
Protein Microarray Technology Types of protein microarrays