Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mouth and nose are not lined with skin. Instead, they are lined with mucous membranes . Other organs that are exposed to the outside world, including the lungs and stomach, are also lined with mucous membranes. Mucous membranes are not tough like skin, but they have other defenses. Q: What is in the inside of your mouth and nose instead of skin? A:
OPTIONS:
- scales
- gums
- cuticle layer
- mucous membranes
Answer: mucous membranes

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Temperature affects the solubility of solutes in all three states. Pressure also affects the solubility of gases. Q: What is the factor that affects the solubility of solutes in all three states? A:
OPTIONS:
- oxygen
- color
- heat
- temperature
output: temperature

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 45.7 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Behaviors are responses to stimuli. They can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by environmental changes. Instinctual behaviors include mating systems and methods of communication. Learned behaviors include imprinting and habituation, conditioning, and, most powerfully, cognitive learning. Although the connection between behavior, genetics, and evolution is well established, the explanation of human behavior as entirely genetic is controversial. Q: Behaviors are responses to stimuli. they can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by this? A:

OPTIONS:
- spontaneous mutation
- osmosis
- inheritance
- environmental changes

A: environmental changes

input: OPTIONS:
- amino acids
- acids
- enzymes
- hormones Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 37.2 | How Hormones Work By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how hormones work Discuss the role of different types of hormone receptors Hormones mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific hormone receptors. In this way, even though hormones circulate throughout the body and come into contact with many different cell types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors. Receptors for a specific hormone may be found on many different cells or may be limited to a small number of specialized cells. For example, thyroid hormones act on many different tissue types, stimulating metabolic activity throughout the body. Cells can have many receptors for the same hormone but often also possess receptors for different types of hormones. The number of receptors that respond to a hormone determines the cell's sensitivity to that hormone, and the resulting cellular response. Additionally, the number of receptors that respond to a hormone can change over time, resulting in increased or decreased cell sensitivity. In up-regulation, the number of receptors increases in response to rising hormone levels, making the cell more sensitive to the hormone and allowing for more cellular activity. When the number of receptors decreases in response to rising hormone levels, called down-regulation, cellular activity is reduced. Receptor binding alters cellular activity and results in an increase or decrease in normal body processes. Depending on the location of the protein receptor on the target cell and the chemical structure of the hormone, hormones can mediate changes directly by binding to intracellular hormone receptors and modulating gene transcription, or indirectly by binding to cell surface receptors and stimulating signaling pathways. Q: What biochemicals mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific receptors? A:
A:
output: hormones

Answer the following question given this paragraph: A spectrometer produces a spectrum from starlight. Astronomers can learn a lot about a star by studying its spectrum. Q: What is a spectrometer able to produce from starlight? A:

OPTIONS:
- radio waves
- exposure
- aspect
- spectrum

Answer: spectrum

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The mother's mammary glands go through changes during the third trimester to prepare for lactation and breastfeeding. When the baby begins suckling at the breast, signals are sent to the hypothalamus causing the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary. Prolactin causes the mammary glands to produce milk. Oxytocin is also released, promoting the release of the milk. The milk contains nutrients for the baby's development and growth as well as immunoglobulins to protect the child from bacterial and viral infections. Q: Human mammary glands can produce what substance, which can be used to feed children? A:

OPTIONS:
- edema
- urea
- sperm
- milk

A:
milk