INPUT ARTICLE: Article: To begin the process of reading the child will need a solid understanding of the alphabet. In addition to singing the alphabet, the child should develop an understanding of letter shapes and sounds. Start with an alphabet book. Make it fun by playing games. You can get some alphabet letters for the fridge, or cut out a bunch of letter shapes and decorate them with objects that begin with each letter. For example, cut out a letter S shapes and have him decorate it by gluing sunflower seeds or applying star stickers. Phonemic awareness is the process of associating letters or letter shapes with the corresponding sounds. Children will need to learn the 44 sounds made by the 26 letters of the alphabet. You can use a list of phonemes and help the child learn to correlate the sounds with the letters of the alphabet. Teach the child how to pronounce each phoneme. Focus on one letter at a time and teach the child how to pronounce them correctly. Say the letter, then tell him the sound it makes. For example, "the letter A makes an ah sound. Then give him examples of words that start with that sound such as apple or ant. There are a lot of great apps that have fun games to help teach a child phonemic awareness, many of them such as ABC Genius and Build A Word Express are even free to download. Once the child can identify the first sound of one syllable words, teach him to add the ending. Use a picture to break up the letters and make each individual sound, then ask the child what the word is. This will help him to understand how each of the sounds created by letters will work together to form words. Have the child practice sounding out the words in the same way. Put one syllable words together in a two or three word sentence. Have the child practice reading the sentence by sounding out each word. Try working with some of the pages in the Spot series by Eric Hill. They have many sentences of short, one syllable words. Once he has the hang of sounding out one syllable words, add another syllable. Keep challenging the child to sound out longer words. Sight words are any short, common words that a child will see often. Some examples of common sight words include plant, father, their and here. Many of these words are difficult to sound out. The best way for a child to learn these words is through repeatedly seeing the word in the context of a sentence and alongside the object it represents. There are a number of books that focus on teaching sight words. Often times books with sight words will indicate that on the cover. Use cards with sight words on them and help the child put them alongside the objects they represent. Eventually the child will begin to associate the written word with the object on their own. Use flashcards to teach sight words. Show the child the card and pronounce the word. Spell it out and use it in a sentence. Then go through and have the child say the word, spell the word and use the word in a sentence. Repeat until the child can identify all the cards. Play games to help the child learn, like bingo. Mark the spaces on a bingo board with sight words, then call the words out. The child must identify the word on his card and mark it. Point out word families. Word families are groups of words that rhyme. Make sure the child notices words that rhyme, such as cat, pat, hat. Once, the child sees the words written and hears the similarity of sounds he will begin to identify the at sound and how it appears when written.

SUMMARY: Teach the alphabet. Build phonemic awareness. Help the child sound out words. Teach sight words.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Lack of format support is the most common issue for loss of formatting when copy/pasting between web and non-web software. Most modern email clients or office software will enable HTML formatting by default, whether it's a web client, like Gmail/Google Docs, or a separate piece of software, like Microsoft Word/Outlook. Software that is either very old or very simple, like WordPad, Notepad, or TextEdit will not support HTML format. It is possible that HTML formatting is supported but has been disabled. You can usually toggle this manually in the options. Enabling this option will vary depending on the client being used. Typically you will want to look for an option labeled "HTML Format" or "Rich Text" in the options section of the client or in the text composition window. For example, formatting options can be toggled in Outlook in Tools > Options > Mail Format. Once both programs you are copying from and pasting to are using HTML formatting, you can copy/paste formatted text as smoothly as any other text.
Summary: Check that HTML formatting is supported by your software. Enable HTML formatting. Copy/Paste complex formatting.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Your German Shepherd may have a hard time pumping blood throughout his body if his aorta is deformed. The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart. If the valve into the aorta is narrowed, as in AS, a backpressure is created in the heart making your dog work harder to circulate blood. Medication is the most common treatment for AS, which treats the irregular heart rhythm and may include antibiotics to prevent infection. Surgery is not recommended. Your German Shepherd may have a heart deformity that's causing a heart murmur or another health condition (like problems eating or with blood circulation). These deformities may include: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): This is a temporary blood vessel in a fetal puppy that should close shortly after he's born. If it stays open, blood may bypass your dog's lungs. Vascular ring anomaly (also known as persistent right aortic arch): This is another blood vessel that should close before your dog is born. If it stays open after birth, the vessel traps your dog's esophagus which makes it hard for him to swallow food down into his stomach. Mitral or tricuspid valve disease: These valves separate the heart's atria from the ventricles. If they don't fit perfectly together, then blood can leak in the wrong direction, causing a heart murmur. If your dog has abnormalities in the heart muscle itself, he may have dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. With Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the heart muscle tires and becomes baggy. With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle thickens, causing the chambers to get smaller and hold less blood. Treatment usually focuses on improving your dog's diet and exercise habits. Most vets don't recommend surgery unless your German Shepherd develops congestive heart failure. Older German Shepherds are prone to a vascular tumor (hemangiosarcoma) that attacks the vessels lining the heart. This tumor is the most common type in dogs and usually isn't noticed until it gets big enough to cause complications. Your dog may have abdominal swelling, irregular heartbeat, and anemia. Treatment for hemangiosarcoma is difficult. Veterinarians usually recommend chemotherapy and possibly draining the site of the tumor. Because the tumor is on the heart, treatment may only be able to add a few months to your dog's life.

SUMMARY:
Consider if your German Shepherd has aortic stenosis (AS). Think about whether or not your dog has heart defects. Think about if your dog has cardiomyopathy. Consider if your dog has a tumor.