In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.
History

A weight of the nth power of this parameter is imputed to contributions to elements of an S matrix by nth-order Feynman diagrams; thus, this number can be considered the order of expansion in perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This constant is a measure of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, which explains its role in the relativistic splitting of atomic spectral lines that is its namesake. The coupling constant for the electromagnetic interactions of electrons, it is equal to the square of the ratio of the electron and Planck charges, or, in cgs units, the electron charge squared divided by the speed of light times Diracs constant. For ten points, name this physical constant usually denoted alpha and equal to about one over one hundred thirty-seven.
Science

A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.
History