Sentence 1: Bureaucratic Failure and

Sentence 2: Failure by bureaucrats
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer: yes

Sentence 1: Sulfur dioxide emissions were far below allowable levels during Phase I.

Sentence 2: Phase I is the first phase in the order of method.
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer: it is not possible to tell

Sentence 1: The geiro, a percussion instrument made of a notched dried gourd, was developed by the Taano Indians.

Sentence 2: The geiro is a musical instrument.
Is this second sentence entailed by the first?

Answer:
yes