In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
Q: One variety of this mineral occurs naturally from the metamorphism of dolomitic limestone. That variety of this mineral reacts with quartz to form enstatite. This mineral differs from quartz in that it cannot form from magmas rich in silica. Bina and Wood attribute a sharp increase in seismic velocity at 400km to this material's transformation to its spinel-structure. This mineral undergoes weathering most easily according to the Goldich dissolution series. Its iron-rich version is known as fayalite. These minerals form the majority of the Earth's upper mantle. It is located above pyroxene on the discontinuous branch of Bowen's reaction series, making it the highest-ranking member. For 10 points, name this magnesium-iron-silicate whose green gem form is called peridot.
A:
Science