Answer the following question given this paragraph: The neutrino is a particle emitted in beta decay that was unanticipated and is of fundamental importance. The neutrino was not even proposed in theory until more than 20 years after beta decay was known to involve electron emissions. Neutrinos are so difficult to detect that the first direct evidence of them was not obtained until 1953. Neutrinos are nearly massless, have no charge, and do not interact with nucleons via the strong nuclear force. Traveling approximately at the speed of light, they have little time to affect any nucleus they encounter. This is, owing to the fact that they have no charge (and they are not EM waves), they do not interact through the EM force. They do interact via the relatively weak and very short range weak nuclear force. Consequently, neutrinos escape almost any detector and penetrate almost any shielding. However, neutrinos do carry energy, angular momentum (they are fermions with half-integral spin), and linear momentum away from a beta decay. When accurate measurements of beta decay were made, it became apparent that energy, angular momentum, and linear momentum were not accounted for by the daughter nucleus and electron alone. Either a previously unsuspected particle was carrying them away, or three conservation laws were being violated. Wolfgang Pauli made a formal proposal for the existence of neutrinos in 1930. The Italian-born American physicist Enrico Fermi (19011954) gave neutrinos their name, meaning little neutral ones, when he developed a sophisticated theory of beta decay (see Figure 31.18). Part of Fermi's theory was the identification of the weak nuclear force as being distinct from the strong nuclear force and in fact responsible for beta decay. Q: What is the name of the scientist who named neutrinos? Choices: - Gibbs - Schrodinger - Einstein - enrico fermi A:
enrico fermi
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pink snapdragons are an example of incomplete dominance. Q: Pink snapdragons are an example of what? Choices: - grafting - nh3 hybridization - cloning - incomplete dominance A:
(Answer)
incomplete dominance
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Examples of osmosis are evident in many biological systems because cells are surrounded by semipermeable membranes. Carrots and celery that have become limp because they have lost water can be made crisp again by placing them in water. Water moves into the carrot or celery cells by osmosis. A cucumber placed in a concentrated salt solution loses water by osmosis and absorbs some salt to become a pickle. Osmosis can also affect animal cells. Solute concentrations are particularly important when solutions are injected into the body. Solutes in body cell fluids and blood serum give these solutions an osmotic pressure of approximately 7.7 atm. Solutions injected into the body must have the same osmotic pressure as blood serum; that is, they should be isotonic with blood serum. If a less concentrated solution, a hypotonic solution, is injected in sufficient quantity to dilute the blood serum, water from the diluted serum passes into the blood cells by osmosis, causing the cells to expand and rupture. This process is called hemolysis. When a more concentrated solution, a hypertonic solution, is injected, the cells lose water to the more concentrated solution, shrivel, and possibly die in a process called crenation. These effects are illustrated in Figure 11.28. Q: Examples of what process are evident in many biological systems because cells are surrounded by semipermeable membranes? Choices: - reproduction - photosynthesis - apoptosis - osmosis A:
Ans: osmosis
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Roundworms make up the phylum Nematoda. They have a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton. Their body is covered with tough cuticle. Free-living roundworms are found mainly in freshwater habitats. Parasitic roundworms have a variety of hosts, including humans. Q: What has a pseudocoelom and hydrostatic skeleton? Choices: - vertebrates - omnivores - gymnosperms - roundworms A:
(A).
roundworms
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Animal behavior is any way that animals interact with each other or their environment. Many animal behaviors promote fitness by increasing the chances of surviving or reproducing. If such behaviors are controlled by genes, they evolve by natural selection. Q: What term is used to describe the way that animals interact with each other or their environment? Choices: - animal magnetism - animal decline - animal range - animal behavior A:

Ans:animal behavior
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: After what stage do the last 2 stages of food processing occur? Choices: - filtration - excretion - circulation - digestion A:
digestion