instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Context: We aimed to study the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and hypertension in Kazakh and Han populations from Xinjiang Province, China.', 'We analyzed data on 800 Kazakhs (467 hypertension patients and 333 healthy control participants) and 800 Hans (482 hypertension patients and 318 healthy control participants) aged 18-84 years old. ELISA and real-time quantitative PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were applied for determining CMV infection and glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes, respectively.', 'Serologic evidence of CMV infection was obtained for 95.4% and 90.1% of the Kazakhs and Hans, respectively. The CMV seroprevalence rates among the Kazakh and Han participants with hypertension were 96.8% and 89.8%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed statistically significant independent associations between CMV seropositivity and hypertension in Kazakh males and between CMV antibody titers and hypertension in Hans; significant relationships also existed between CMV antibody titers and blood pressure in Hans. In Kazakhs, 3 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB2 and genotype mixtures gB1+gB2 and gB2+gB3. In Hans, 4 CMV gB genotypes were identified: gB1, gB2, gB1+gB2, and gB2+gB3. Of the 4 studied genotypes, gB2+gB3 showed a significant independent association with hypertension in Kazakh females.\Question: Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh and Han Chinese populations?
answer:
CMV infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh males and Hans in Xinjiang. CMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in Kazakh males, and CMV antibody titers are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Han males and females. Moreover, the CMV gB2+gB3 genotype mixture is associated independently with essential hypertension in Kazakh females.

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Context: Hypercontracture is an important mechanism of myocyte death during reperfusion. cGMP modulates the sensitivity of contractile myofilaments to Ca2+, and increasing cGMP concentration during the last minutes of anoxia prevents reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether stimulation of particulate guanylyl cyclase with the natriuretic peptide urodilatin, given at the time of reperfusion, reduces myocardial necrosis in the rat heart submitted to transient ischemia.', 'Isolated rat hearts (n = 38) were submitted to either 40 or 60 min of no-flow ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion, and were allocated to receive or not receive 0.05 microM urodilatin during the first 15 min of reperfusion or non-reperfusion treatment.', 'A marked reduction in myocardial cGMP concentration was observed in control hearts during reperfusion after 40 or 60 min of ischemia. Urodilatin significantly attenuated cGMP depletion during initial reperfusion, markedly improved contractile recovery after 40 min of ischemia (P < 0.0309), and reduced reperfusion-induced increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P = 0.0139), LDH release (P = 0.0263), and contraction band necrosis (P = 0.0179) after 60 min of ischemia. The beneficial effect of urodilatin was reproduced by the membrane permeable cGMP analog 8-Bromo-cGMP.\Question: Does urodilatin limit acute reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart?
answer:
These results indicate that reduced cGMP concentration may impair myocyte survival during reperfusion. Stimulation of particulate guanylyl cyclase may appear as a new strategy to prevent immediate lethal reperfusion injury.

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Context: Stricture formation in Crohn's disease (CD) occurs as a result of persistent intestinal inflammatory activation, which leads to enhanced adhesion molecule expression in serosal fibroblasts (SFs). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Treatment with VIP prevents experimental CD in animal models at the clinical and pathologic levels. The present study reports the effect of VIP on the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in IL-1beta-stimulated human colon SFs.", 'Primary human colon SFs were incubated with or without IL-1beta (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of VIP at various concentrations (0.1 to 100 nM) for designated time. Cell surface and cytosolic ICAM-1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. The DNA binding capacity of NF-kappaB was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha was examined by Western blot analysis.', 'VIP inhibited IL-1beta-induced expression of ICAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 was also inhibited by a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, MG132. VIP also decreased IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding capacity and phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha.\Question: Does vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibit adhesion molecule expression in activated human colon serosal fibroblasts by preventing NF-kappaB activation?
answer:
VIP has an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression in SFs, which may be associated with NF-kappaB activity. This may make VIP potentially a novel therapeutic agent for preventing stricture formation in Crohn's disease.