Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Right ventricular pacing (RVP) has been associated with heart failure and increased mortality. His-bundle pacing (HBP) is more physiological but requires a mapping catheter or a backup right ventricular lead and is technically challenging.', 'We sought to assess the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of permanent HBP in an unselected population as compared to RVP.', 'All patients requiring pacemaker implantation routinely underwent attempt at permanent HBP using the Select Secure (model 3830) pacing lead in the year 2011 delivered through a fixed-shaped catheter (C315 HIS) at one hospital and RVP at the second hospital. Patients were followed from implantation, 2 weeks, 2 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Fluoroscopy time (FT), pacing threshold (PTh), complications, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality were compared.', 'HBP was attempted in 94 consecutive patients, while 98 patients underwent RVP. HBP was successful in 75 patients (80%). FT was similar (12.7 8 minutes vs 10 14 minutes; median 9.1 vs 6.4 minutes; P = .14) and PTh was higher in the HBP group than in the RVP group (1.35 0.9 V vs 0.6 0.5 V at 0.5 ms; P < .001) and remained stable over a 2-year follow-up period. In patients with >40% ventricular pacing (>60% of patients), heart failure hospitalization was significantly reduced in the HBP group than in the RVP group (2% vs 15%; P = .02). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups (13% in the HBP group vs 18% in the RVP group; P = .45).
Is permanent His-bundle pacing feasible , safe , and superior to right ventricular pacing in routine clinical practice?

Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream target of the Hippo signaling pathway, was recently linked to hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. The objective of the current study was to investigate the clinical significance of YAP in HCC and its prognostic values in predicting survival and tumor recurrence.', 'The authors collected 177 pairs of tumor and adjacent nontumor tissue from HCC patients with definitive clinicopathologic and follow-up data. YAP expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Association of YAP with each clinicopathologic feature was analyzed by Pearson chi-square test, and HCC-specific disease-free survival and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analyses of YAP in HCC were also performed.', 'YAP was expressed in the majority of HCC cases (approximately 62%) and mainly accumulated in the tumor nucleus. Overexpression of YAP in HCC was significantly associated with poorer tumor differentiation (Edmonson grade; P = .021) and high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression data indicated that YAP was an independent predictor for HCC-specific disease-free survival (hazards ratio [HR], 1.653; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.081-2.528 [P = .02]) and overall survival (HR, 2.148; 95% CI, 1.255-3.677 [P = .005]).
Is yes-associated protein an independent prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma?

Maraviroc (MVC) is a potential candidate for 'on demand' preexposure prophylaxis. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a single oral dose of MVC to prevent ex-vivo HIV-1 infection of rectal tissue in humans.", 'Eight HIV-1-negative healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of MVC (300 or 600mg), and two additional volunteers received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC, 300/200mg) for 10 days. Rectal biopsies were performed prior to the ex-vivo challenge (day 0), at day 7 (4h after MVC) or after 10 days with TDF/FTC. Rectal biopsies were infected ex-vivo, and viral inhibition and CCR5 occupancy was analyzed. MVC concentration in plasma and rectal tissue was measured just after biopsy and after viral incubation.', 'Ex-vivo rectal tissue protection with MVC was incomplete in all but two participants, whereas TDF/FTC avoided ex-vivo infection in the two controls. Median dose-normalized concentration of MVC was significantly higher in rectal tissue than in plasma (561.1 and 155.1ng/ml, respectively). A significant loss of MVC during the virus incubation (about 60%) and a low CCR5 occupancy (approximately 45%) were detected in rectal cells.
Does single oral dose of maraviroc prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers?