Problem: Process: - A conducting metal, like copper, is wrapped around a piece of metal - An electrical source, like a battery, produces an electrical current - The electrical current flows through the wire - The electrical current creates a magnetic field around the wire, magnetizing the metal - The magnetic field can be turned on and off by starting or stopping the electricity source - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the tree has a blight happens, how will it affect more electric current flows. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: no

Problem: Given the question: Process: - A mushroom gives off gills lined with basidia - The basidia gives off spores - The spores germinate - The spores create Hyphae - Multiple Hyphae meet and converge - They join with Mycelium - A hyphal knot forms in the ground - A primordia shoots out of the ground - A mushroom cap is formed. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are more mushrooms in general happens, how will it affect MORE or LARGER mushrooms. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
yes

input question: Process: - Coal is heated in the boiler - The water tank over the boiler is heated - Creates steam - The steam is funneled to the piston - Piston uses the steam as energy - The piston causes the crankshaft to move. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less waste captured by filters happens, how will it affect LESS power produced by the steam engine. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process????
output answer: no

Process: - Acid rain makes waters acidic - Causes them to absorb aluminum from soil - The water runs off from the soil into lakes, streams, etc - Fish and their eggs die - Frogs and plants die - Insects and other wildlife die - The ecosystem is out of balance, causing further problems - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more people drink wine happens, how will it affect more absorption of aluminum from the soil. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
----
Answer: no

Q: Process: - Contact is made with a virus - The virus enters the human or animal body - The virus goes to the part of the body that contains its food - The virus consumes part of the body or materials that the body uses - The virus replicates and spreads - The virus causes symptoms in the body as the immune system tries to expel the virus. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the virus is in a person that is weaker happens, how will it affect virus replicates and spreads faster. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
A: yes

[Q]: Process: - The kidneys receive blood from the renal artery - They process it with millions of tiny nephrons - Remove all the waste - The kidneys return the blood back to the body through the renal artery - Send the urine with the waste to the bladder through the ureters. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more liquid is being consumed happens, how will it affect less urine is passed to the bladder. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
****
[A]:
yes