Q: The AtlanticCongo languages are a major division constituting the core of the NigerCongo language family of Africa, characterised by the noun class systems typical of the family. They comprise all of NigerCongo except Mande, Dogon, Ijoid and the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian). Mukarovsky's West-Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern AtlanticCongo.

In the infobox at the right, the languages which appear to be the most divergent (Senufo, Kru) are placed at the top, whereas those closer to the core (the similar "BenueKwa" branches of Kwa, VoltaNiger and BenueCongo) are near the bottom. The erstwhile Atlantic branch has been broken up into Senegambian, Bak, Mel, Gola and Limba, which are left next to each other merely because there is no published evidence to move them; VoltaCongo (Savannas through BenueCongo) is intact apart from Kru and Senufo. If Kwa or Savannas prove to be invalid, the tree will be even more crowded.

There are a few poorly attested languages, such as Bayot and Bung, which may prove to be additional branches.

"Glottolog" (2013) does not accept that the Kordofanian branches (Lafofa, Talodi and Heiban) or the difficult-to-classify Laal language have been demonstrated to be AtlanticCongo languages. It otherwise accepts the family, but not its inclusion within a broader NigerCongo.

Answer the following questions:
1. What are the Kordofanian branches?
2. Who does not agree that they are Atlantic-Congo in origin?
3. When did they state this opinion?
4. What are the Atlantic-Congo languages a part of?
5. What are they defined by?
6. Name a language not comprised by the Atlantic-Congo family.
7. And another?
8. And one more?
9. What was categorized as Kordofanian?
10. Which languages are the most divergent?
11. What has the Atlantic branch been broken into?
12. Have Gola and Limba been well-studied?
A: 1. Lafofa, Talodi and Heiban
2. Glottolog
3. in 2013
4. the NigerCongo language family
5. the noun class systems typical of the family
6. Mande
7. Dogon
8. Rashad
9. the Katla and Rashad languages
10. Senufo and Kru
11. Senegambian, Bak, Mel, Gola and Limba
12. no
Q: CHAPTER ELEVEN.

A CONSULTATION, A FEAST, AND A PLOT.

There was--probably still is--a coffee-tavern in Gorleston where, in a cleanly, cheerful room, a retired fisherman and his wife, of temperance principles, supplied people with those hot liquids which are said to cheer without inebriating.

Here, by appointment, two friends met to discuss matters of grave importance. One was Bob Lumsden, the other his friend and admirer Pat Stiver. Having asked for and obtained two large cups of coffee and two slices of buttered bread for some ridiculously small sum of money, they retired to the most distant corner of the room, and, turning their backs on the counter, began their discussion in low tones.

Being early in the day, the room had no occupants but themselves and the fisherman's wife, who busied herself in cleaning and arranging plates, cups, and saucers, etcetera, for expected visitors.

"Pat," said Bob, sipping his coffee with an appreciative air, "I've turned a total abstainer."

"W'ich means?" inquired Pat.

"That I don't drink nothin' at all," replied Bob.

"But you're a-drinkin' now!" said Pat.

"You know what I mean, you small willain; I drink nothin' with spirits in it."

"Well, I don't see what you gains by that, Bob, for I heerd Fred Martin say you was nat'rally 'full o' spirit,' so abstainin' 'll make no difference."

"Pat," said Bob sternly, "if you don't clap a stopper on your tongue, I'll wollop you."

Pat became grave at once. "Well, d'ee know, Bob," he said, with an earnest look, "I do b'lieve you are right. You've always seemed to me as if you had a sort o' dissipated look, an' would go to the bad right off if you gave way to drink. Yes, you're right, an' to prove my regard for you I'll become a total abstainer too--but, nevertheless, I _can't_ leave off drinkin'."

Answer the following questions:
1. Who met?
2. Why?
3. Where did they meet
4. In what city?
5. In what kind of room
6. Was this an appointment?
7. What was one of their names?
8. The other?
9. What were they drinking?
10. What were they eating?
11. Was Bob an abstainer
12. What does that mean
13. Drink what?
A: 1. two friends
2. to discuss matters of grave importance
3. a coffee-tavern
4. Gorleston
5. cheerful room
6. yes
7. Bob Lumsden
8. Pat Stiver
9. coffee
10. slices of buttered bread
11. yes
12. That he doesn't drink
13. drink nothin' with spirits in it
Q: From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land + inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (Great Lakes area and coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) in 2006, and to 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) in 2007 (territorial waters added). Currently, the CIA World Factbook gives 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi), the United Nations Statistics Division gives 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi), and the Encyclopdia Britannica gives 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi)(Great Lakes area included but not coastal waters). These source consider only the 50 states and the Federal District, and exclude overseas territories.

By total area (water as well as land), the United States is either slightly larger or smaller than the People's Republic of China, making it the world's third or fourth largest country. China and the United States are smaller than Russia and Canada in total area, but are larger than Brazil. By land area only (exclusive of waters), the United States is the world's third largest country, after Russia and China, with Canada in fourth. Whether the US or China is the third largest country by total area depends on two factors: (1) The validity of China's claim on Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract. Both these territories are also claimed by India, so are not counted; and (2) How US calculates its own surface area. Since the initial publishing of the World Factbook, the CIA has updated the total area of United States a number of times.

Answer the following questions:
1. Is the US larger than China?
2. Is it larger than Russia?
3. How does the US rank in size with land only?
4. Who is larger than US?
5. What was the US total area listed as in 1992?
6. what areas did that include?
7. what did the area change to when they added the Great Lakes and Coastal water?
8. when was that?
9. What did they add later on?
10. when?
11. what did that bring the total area to?
12. Which source currently lists the US area the largest amount?
13. what does it list?
14. which source lists the smallest area?
15. what is it?
16. are there any other sources?
17. how much does it list?
18. which source includes the overseas territories?
19. how many areas' claim is disputed?
20. what are they?
21. which 2 areas are disputed by 2 nations claiming them?
22. which 2 nations disagree on claim?
A:
1. Maybe according to how it is measured
2. No
3. third largest country
4. Russia and China
5. 9,372,610 km2
6. land + inland water only
7. 9,629,091 km2
8. 1997
9. territorial waters
10. 2007
11. 9,826,630 km2
12. CIA World Factbook
13. 9,826,675 km2
14. Encyclopdia Britannica
15. 9,522,055 km2
16. United Nations Statistics Division
17. 9,629,091 km2
18. None
19. Two
20. China's territory claim and how the US calculates its own surface area.
21. Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract
22. China and India