question: In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed]

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.
1. How was it in 1059?
2. Who elected the Pope in 1059?
3. When did it change?
4. What changed then?
5. What is a cardinal?
6. where does the name come from?
7. Do other churches besides Catholic use it?
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answer: 1. unknown
2. the principal clergy of Rome and select bishops
3. the 12th century
4. ecclesiastics were appointed from outside Rome as cardinals
5. the senior priest of an important church
6. the Latin cardo (hinge)
7. Yes

question: Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.

Forms of lighting include alcove lighting, which like most other uplighting is indirect. This is often done with fluorescent lighting (first available at the 1939 World's Fair) or rope light, occasionally with neon lighting, and recently with LED strip lighting. It is a form of backlighting.
1. Lighting includes the use of both kinds of what light?
2. how is indoor lighting usually accomplished?
3. is Alcove lighting direct or indirect?
4. how is Alcove lighting frequently done?
5. what is it a form of?
6. is alcove lighting a form of back lighting?
7. what is another name for Lighting?
8. what can proper lighting improve?
9. does it also help people psychologically?
10. what kind of lighting can save energy?
11. what are a few kinds that are mentioned?
12. is lighting also used in design?
13. how important is it to interior design?
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answer: 1. artificial and natural
2. using light fixtures
3. indirect
4. with fluorescent lighting
5. lighting
6. Yes
7. illumination
8. the appearance of an area
9. Yes
10. Daylighting
11. windows, skylights, or light shelves
12. Yes
13. it is a key part

question: Do you ever run out of great books to read? So what should I read next? Is fast-paced crime fiction your thing?

Try the new Patricia Cornwell book,

(Putnam). She is such an able writer and handles complex forensic intelligence with ease. You need to be prepared, though, for the world you're entering--

, let's say.

If peace is more your thing, try Mary Pipher's wonderful new book,

Chronicles of the Worst Buddhist in the World (Riverhead). Mary is a lovely, comfortable writer who takes the reader through her personal awakening after reputation and fortune came her way. Even if you've never experienced life as a bestselling writer (as she has done, in her book years back,

), you'll totally understand and sympathize with her renewed need for privacy, distance and quiet.

What if you want a straightforward, totally thrilling read with vivid characters, set about World War II? You cannot go wrong with Jim Lehrer's new novel,

(Random House), about a young Marine whose life is changed forever when he meets a woman on his way to war. His relationship with her lasts him through danger and hardship, and there's an impressive ending. See our interview with the productive novelist/newsman in the current issue of Reader's Digest (March, on stands now), by the way, for insight into the very talented Mr. Lehrer and what interests him.

Well, what about something wickedly funny and totally offbeat? Does the name Carrie Fisher do anything for you? Try her vivid and new life in Hollywood and elsewhere,

(Simon & Schuster). Be prepared for humor as sharp as knives.
1. how many different books are described?
2. is Carrie Fishers book funny?
3. if you are into crime which book should you read?
4. who published that one?
5. whose book should you read if you want a thriller?
6. who published that one?
7. who published carrie fisher's work?
8. what is highlighted as a peaceful book?
9. by who?
10. how do you think you would feel reading it?
11. is she a private person?
12. is it likely you would be sympathetic?
13. who published that work?
14. what should you read if you want action?
****
answer:
1. Four
2. Yes
3. Patricia Cornwell
4. Putnam
5. Jim Lehrer's
6. Random House
7. Simon & Schuster
8. Chronicles of the Worst Buddhist in the World
9. Mary Pipher
10. unknown
11. Yes
12. Yes
13. Riverhead
14. unknown