In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Background: Clinical diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis is usually difficult due to non-specific signs at the early and acute stages of the infection. Virus isolation from peripheral blood is also not possible because of the short period and low level of transient viremia even in the acute stage of the disease. It is thus urgent to develop a feasible and convenient method for laboratory diagnosis of the infection. Objectives: To establish a newly designed molecular approach that can be used to detect intracellular Japanese encephalitis viral RNA in host cells. Study design: The method was firstly established and then was carried out to test its efficacy in cultured BHK-21 cells, subsequently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from mice that have been inoculated with JE virus suspension. Results: In this study, in situ reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (in situ RT-LAMP) was established; which combines merits of recently developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and in situ reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (in situ RT-PCR). Conclusions: The newly designed method can detect viral RNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a short time with high sensitivity and efficiency. (W.-J. Chen). a These authors contributed equally to this study.

Ex Output:
In situ reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (in situ RT-LAMP) for detection of Japanese encephalitis viral RNA in host cells

Ex Input:
Mucosal vaccination offers great advantage for inducing protective immune response to prevent viral transmission and dissemination. Here, we report our findings of a head-to-head comparison of two viral vectors modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and a novel replication-competent modified vaccinia Tian Tan (MVTT) for inducing neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) via intramuscular and mucosal vaccinations in mice. MVTT is an attenuated variant of the wild-type VTT, which was historically used as a smallpox vaccine for millions of Chinese people. The spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV was used as the test antigen after the S gene was constructed in the identical genomic location of two vectors to generate vaccine candidates MVTT-S and MVA-S. Using identical doses, MVTT-S induced lower levels (,2-3-fold) of anti-SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) than MVA-S through intramuscular inoculation. MVTT-S, however, was capable of inducing consistently 20-to-100-fold higher levels of Nabs than MVA-S when inoculated via either intranasal or intraoral routes. These levels of MVTT-S-induced Nab responses were substantially (,10-fold) higher than that induced via the intramuscular route in the same experiments. Moreover, pre-exposure to the wild-type VTT via intranasal or intraoral route impaired the Nab response via the same routes of MVTT-S vaccination probably due to the pre-existing anti-VTT Nab response. The efficacy of intranasal or intraoral vaccination, however, was still 20-to-50-fold better than intramuscular inoculation despite the subcutaneous pre-exposure to wild-type VTT. Our data have implications for people who maintain low levels of anti-VTT Nabs after historical smallpox vaccination. MVTT is therefore an attractive live viral vector for mucosal vaccination.

Ex Output:
A Novel Replication-Competent Vaccinia Vector MVTT Is Superior to MVA for Inducing High Levels of Neutralizing Antibody via Mucosal Vaccination

Ex Input:
Respiratory fi lters (also known as bacterial or microbial fi lters) are devices with a high capacity to prevent the passage of microorganisms [ 1 ] and are placed in the breathing circuit in order to protect the patient from possible respiratory infections carried by the respirator. The use of respiratory fi lters was proposed after the reports between 1952 and 1972 of several outbreaks of respiratory infection attributed to contamination of anesthesia machines [2] [3] [4] . However, the results of later studies showed no contamination of patients by anesthesia machines, and vice versa [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] , and that they could have undesirable effects [ 10 ] and did not decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in clinical studies [11] [12] [13] ; therefore, its usefulness is questioned. The internal component of the fi lters can be composed of different materials [ 1 ] : wool, foam, paper, polypropylene, polysulfone, ceramics or glass fi bers. Filters can have different mechanisms of microbial fi ltration [ 1 ] : (1) mechanical fi ltration, (2) electrostatic fi ltration and (3) fi ltration bactericides.

Ex Output:
20 Respiratory Filters and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Composition, Efficacy Tests and Advantages and Disadvantages