In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[Q]: Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the second-leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus is commonly found in environmental waters and is very resistant to water disinfection and environmental stressors, especially UV light inactivation. Molecular techniques, such as PCR-based methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction), are commonly used to detect and identify viral contamination in water, although PCR alone does not allow the discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. A combination of cell culture and PCR has allowed detection of infectious viruses that grow slowly or fail to produce cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. This study aimed to assess the integrity and viability of human adenovirus (HAdV) in environmental water and evaluate circulating strains by molecular characterization in three sites of the water supply in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: Peri Lagoon water, spring source water, and water from the public water supply system. Methods: Water samples were collected, concentrated and HAdV quantified by real-time PCR. Viral integrity was evaluated by enzymatic assay (DNase I) and infectivity by plaque assay (PA) and integrated cell culture using transcribed mRNA (ICC-RT-qPCR). Samples containing particles of infectious HAdV were selected for sequencing and molecular characterization. Results: The analyzed sites contained 83, 66 and 58% undamaged HAdV particles (defined as those in which the genetic material is protected by the viral capsid) at Peri Lagoon, spring source water and public supply system water, respectively. Of these, 66% of the particles (by PA) and 75% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) HAdV were shown to be infectious, due to being undamaged in Peri Lagoon, 33% (by PA) and 58% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in spring source water and 8% (by PA) and 25% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in the public water supply system. ICC-RT-qPCR, a very sensitive and rapid technique, was able to detect as low as 1 10 2 HAdV genome copies per milliliter of infectious viral particles in the environmental water samples. The molecular characterization studies indicated that HAdV-2 was the prevalent serotype. These results indicate a lack of proper public health measures. We suggest that HAdV can be efficiently used as a marker of environmental and drinking water contamination and ICC-RT-qPCR demonstrated greater sensitivity and speed of detection of infectious viral particles compared to PA.
[A]: Evaluation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in drinking water supplies: viral integrity and viability assays

[Q]: Even though coronavirus infection of humans is not normally associated with severe diseases, the identification of the coronavirus responsible for the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome showed that highly pathogenic coronaviruses can enter the human population. Shortly thereafter, in Holland in 2004, another novel human coronavirus (HCoV-NL63) was isolated from a seven-month old infant suffering from respiratory symptoms. This virus has subsequently been identified in various countries, indicating a worldwide distribution. HCoV-NL63 has been shown to infect mainly children and the immunocommpromised, who presented with either mild upper respiratory symptoms (cough, fever and rhinorrhoea) or more serious lower respiratory tract involvement such as bronchiolitis and croup, which was observed mainly in younger children. In fact, HCoV-NL63 is the aetiological agent for up to 10% of all respiratory diseases. This review summarizes recent findings of human coronavirus HCoV-NL63 infections, including isolation and identification, phylogeny and taxonomy, genome structure and transcriptional regulation, transmission and pathogenesis, and detection and diagnosis.
[A]: Understanding Human Coronavirus HCoV-NL63

[Q]: We report the first case of transmission of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus to a physician during the resuscitation of an infant with fatal pneumonia. The physician exhibited numerous furuncles. This case highlights the necessity for health care workers to protect themselves against transmission of infectious diseases from patient to care giver. Severe respiratory diseases, in immunocompetent infants, and chronic furunculosis have been associated with Staphylococcus aureus strains producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis [1] . PVL-producing S. aureus is known to cause rapidly extensive and necrotizing pneumonia in children and young adults. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of transmission of PVL-producing S. aureus to a physician during the resuscitation of an infant with fatal pneumonia. Case report. A 4-month-old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul hospital (Paris) with a history of 3 days of cough and 1 day of moderate fever. Physical examination revealed only mild respiratory distress. Findings on a chest radiogram were normal, as were the WBC count and the C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. Bronchiolitis was diagnosed, and the patient did not receive antibiotics. Progressive respiratory failure developed during the 12 h after admission, and the patient required nasal oxygenation. While a physical examination was being performed by a physician, the patient experienced cardiac arrest. Resuscitation measures, including oral intubation, oxygenation, bag-valve-mask ventilation, chest compression, and intravenous administration of adrenaline, were immediately performed and were continued for 1 h, without success. It was notable that blood flow from the trachea was observed during intubation. Repeated oral and tracheal suction was performed. Because the resuscitation took place in the general pediatric ward, health care workers participating in the resuscitation did not wear any protection, such as a facial mask and gloves. A necropsy was performed, and the findings revealed right lobar pneumonia with a necrotizing hemorrhage of the entire right lung and one-half of the left lung. A culture specimen from tracheal aspirates grew methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Identification of S. aureus was based on colony morphology, coagulation of citrated rabbit plasma (bioMerieux), and production of clumping factor (determined with the Staphyslide test; bioMerieux). The methicillin resistance was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method, with the use of a 5-mg oxacillin disk, in accordance with the NCCLS recommendations [2], after 24-48 h of incubation at 35C. The S. aureus isolate was only resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin and was susceptible to methicillin, aminosides, macrolides, quinolones, and cotrimoxazole. On day 5, the physician who had performed intubation presented with numerous furuncles of the fingers and face. Samples were obtained from the skin lesions. At the same time, nasal samples were obtained from the 15 health care workers who had participated in the resuscitation. S. aureus strains susceptible to methicillin were isolated from samples from the physician and from 5 other health care workers. The isolate from the infant (S1, isolated from a tracheal sample) and 7 isolates from the 6 health care workers (S2, isolated from skin lesions of 1 physician; S4 and S5, from nasal and anal samples from another physician; and S3, S6, S7, and S8, from nasal samples from 4 nurses) were genotyped and analyzed for the presence of the PVL gene. PFGE, used for genotyping, was performed on DNA fragments obtained by digestion with the restriction enzyme SmaI by use of a CHEF-MAPPER apparatus. The PFGE banding patterns were compared visually. Strains were considered genetically distinguishable if their restriction patterns differed by 3 bands [3] . The isolates from the infant (S1) and from 1
[A]:
Transmission of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus to a Physician during Resuscitation of a Child