When you finish a draft, set aside your work for a few hours, a day, or several days to clear your mind. After a short break, take another look at the piece with a fresh perspective, and think about your intended audience as you begin revising. Depending on your deadline, you may only have a few hours to set the piece aside. Do something else with your free time instead of thinking about the paper. When you revisit it, you'll be a bit more refreshed. Sometimes, it can be difficult to edit in a document on a computer or laptop. Hold the paper in your hands and focus on editing and revising 1 page at a time. Use highlighters, pens, and sticky notes to make comments for yourself, and then use this draft to adjust the document on your computer. If you don't have access to a printer, consider visiting a local library to use theirs, or pay to have your document printed at an office supply store. You may catch far more errors by reading your work out loud than you would if you read it silently. As a final proofreading measure, read the document out loud with a pen or pencil in your hand or ready to edit it in a word processor. Then, make a note or correct any errors you come across as you read. You may also find it helpful to read your writing out loud to a partner or to have someone read your work out loud to you. This will provide a different perspective on how the writing sounds and you may catch even more errors by doing this. Let your reader offer advice on the paper's structure, clarity, and overall quality. Have them identify any places where they may have been confused or bored. Be open to suggestions and participate in a conversation about your work to understand the reader's perspective. Remember that you don't have to follow every suggestion, but you should heed at least some of the advice from the reader. If you want to improve your editing and revising skills, offer to read someone else's paper in return.
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One-sentence summary -- Allow at least 1-2 hours between writing and revising. Print out the paper to see errors that are tough to catch on a screen. Read your document out loud. Ask a peer to proofread your paper and provide comments.

Old English, also know as Anglo-Saxon, was the Germanic language used in England between the 5th and 11th centuries. It entered into writing in about the 8th century. The style of writing was largely influenced by that of Irish monks. There are several letters which were used in Old English, which no longer exist in our modern lexicon. Learning these letters will enhance your Old English writing with authenticity. "Thorn" looks like a "b" with an elongated stem and represents a hard "th" sound and is often used at the beginning of words. To create the softer "th" sound like in the word "clothes," the letter "edh" is used in the middle or end of words This letter is drawn as an "o" with a tick on top, or as a capitol "D" with a line through the straight side when it is used at the beginning of a word. The letter "ash" looks like a combination of an "a" and an "e." It creates an "a" sound like in the word ran. "Wynn" looks a little like "P," but with the curve drawn all the way to the bottom of the stem and creates a "w" sound. "Yogh" looks similar to the number 5 and is meant to represent a gurgling "g" sound, which can't be compared to any sound in modern language. Old English often interchanges letters like "j" and "i" or "u" and "v." Comparing Old English to Modern English, there are quite a few differences. A simple way to change your spelling into Old English is using an online translator.
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One-sentence summary -- Know the history of the Old English alphabet. Learn the lost letters. Translate your sentences.

If you notice any of the above-mentioned symptoms, then get your cat checked out by a veterinarian. As part of the examination, the vet will listen to the cat's heart with a stethoscope. Based on what they find, the vet will suggest the most appropriate tests. To get an overview of how sick the cat is, the veterinarian may ask to watch the cat as it rests in a basket or box before the exam, which allows the vet to observe the cat's breathing before the stress of an exam. The vet will count the respiratory rate and assess how the cat is breathing. With a healthy cat, it is sometimes difficult to see the chest moving in and out. If the cat is having difficulty breathing, either because of heart or lung issues, the chest moves in an exaggerated in-out movement which is clear to see. Another hint that points toward abnormal breathing is if the cat's tummy is going in and out with each breath. This is known as "abdominal breathing" and is a sign that the cat is struggling to draw air into the lungs. It's important to note that cats rarely cough as a result of heart disease, unlike dogs. Your vet will want to know if the cat has previously been diagnosed with a heart murmur. If your cat had a heart murmur, it is considered a pre-exisiting condition that could cause heart disease. Your cat may have developed a heart murmur later in life, so a clean medical history does not mean that your cat can't have an issue now. The veterinarian will listen to the cat's heart in order to assess whether a murmur is present or not and how loud the murmur is. The vet will also check the heart rhythm and rate. Heart murmurs are common in cats with heart disease. However, a heart murmur does not mean that your cat definitely has heart disease. The heart rate is an important guide as to whether the heart is struggling or not. A cat's normal heart rate is approximately 120-140 beats per minute. A stressed cat will have a faster heart rate, meaning that the vet's measurement could be high. While a cat is at the vet, most vets consider up to around 180 beats per minute to be normal. Out of the vet's office, 180 beats is very concerning. A cat's heart may be beating fast to maintain circulation if its heart is failing. An abnormal heart rhythm is a warning signal that the heart is struggling. A healthy heart rhythm falls into one of two patterns. First, the beat is regular with exactly the same time interval between beats. Second, the cat's heartbeat is synchronized with its breathing. An abnormal heart rhythm is erratic. A cat's gums should be a healthy pink color, just like our own. The veterinarian checks the gum color for indications of circulatory problems. If the heart is failing and the circulation poor, the gums tend to be pale or even white. However, this sign is not exclusive to heart disease and gums can be pale because of anemia or pain. The vet may do something that looks pretty odd, which is to wet the fur on the cat's neck with surgical spirit or rubbing alcohol. She does this in order to see the outline of the jugular veins which contain blood returning to the heart. These veins run up the neck, and if the heart is struggling, blood tends to accumulate downstream of the heart and cause the jugular veins to distend.
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One-sentence summary --
Bring your cat to the vet for a physical exam. Expect the vet to assess your cat's breathing. Check for abnormal breathing. Inform the vet about any history of heart murmur. Allow the vet to listen for heart murmurs. Ask the vet about the cat's heart rate. Ask the vet about the cat's heart rhythm. Make sure the vet checks the cat's mucous membrane color. Observe as the vet checks the cat's jugular vein distension.