Q: The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from .

The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator , born . Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture. He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano. He ultimately became an official in the Shogunal government.

Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, and the under a number of tutors. When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo. The culture of bullying endemic at this school was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a at which to train.

Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. With the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly westernised Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kano's father and a former soldier, agreed to show him "kata", but not to teach him. The caretaker of Jirosaku's second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher.

Answer the following questions:
1. Who grew up in academia?
2. When did he begin to study English?
3. Under a single helper?
4. When did he board at a scholarly institute?
5. What was it called?
6. Located where?
7. What did he create?
8. Was it derived from other forms?
9. Why did he get into fighting forms?
10. Was it easy to locate a helper?
11. What was he trying to learn?
12. Why was it hard to locate a helper?
13. After what event?
14. When did that happen?
15. Had the country fallen deep into eastern ways?
16. Who ended up helping him at first?
17. Did he help him learn the specific form he wanted?
18. What did he help with then?
19. How many other people wouldn't help?
20. Was it because he was poor?
A: 1. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing
2. seven
3. no
4. When he was fourteen
5. Ikuei-Gijuku
6. in Shiba
7. judo
8. no
9. bullying
10. no
11. jujutsu
12. jujutsu had become unfashionable
13. the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Meiji Restoration
14. 1868
15. no
16. Nakai Umenari
17. no
18. "kata"
19. two
20. no

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

CHAPTER VIII

IN THE SWAMP

"There she is!"

"She seems to be all right!"

"Shall we go on board?"

Such were the cries from the Rovers and their friends as they came in sight of the _Dora_. The view of the houseboat filled them all with pleasure.

"Wait!" said Harold Bird. "Don't show yourselves!"

Dick at least understood and held the others back.

"Keep out of sight--we want to investigate first," he said, in a low tone. "There is no use in our running our heads into the lion's mouth."

"Mine cracious, vos der a lion aroundt here?" demanded Hans, turning pale.

"Maybe you'll find a lion if you don't keep quiet," answered Sam, with a snicker.

After that but little was said. Gradually they drew so close that they could see from one end of the _Dora_ to the other. Not a person was in sight.

"Really does look as if the craft was deserted," was Harold Bird's comment. "Perhaps they got scared when they saw what a crowd was following them."

"I move two of us go on board and the rest stay here," said Tom. "Then, if there is trouble, the crowd to stay behind can come to the rescue."

"That's a good scheme," answered his elder brother. "Supposing Sam and I go? You can lead the rescuing party, if it becomes necessary."

This was also agreed to, and a minute later Dick and Sam, with their pistols in hand, crawled from the bushes and made for the side of the houseboat. A gangplank was out and they saw the footprints of several men and also two horses.

1. Who are they looking for?
2. Who thinks they should stay hidden?
3. What does Dick say they should do first?
4. Is there anyone on the boat?
5. Why does Bird think the people left?
6. How did they feel when they first saw the boat?
7. What does Hans think might actually be close?
8. Can they see the whole boat?
9. How many are going on the boat?
10. who's idea is that?
11. What might they run into?
12. Who will help in case of trouble?
13. Who agrees with Tom?
14. Does everyone agree?
15. Who goes to the boat?
16. Who suggested which two would go?
17. Who does he think should lead the crowd/
18. Do they take anything to the boat?
19. Do they notice anyone?
20. Who?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Dora
2. Harold Bird
3. investigate
4. no
5. they got scared
6. good
7. a lion
8. yes
9. two
10. Tom's
11. trouble
12. the crowd that stayed behind
13. his elder brother.
14. yes
15. Dick and Sam
16. Dick
17. Tom
18. pistols
19. yes
20. several men