Problem: The AtlanticCongo languages are a major division constituting the core of the NigerCongo language family of Africa, characterised by the noun class systems typical of the family. They comprise all of NigerCongo except Mande, Dogon, Ijoid and the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian). Mukarovsky's West-Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern AtlanticCongo.

In the infobox at the right, the languages which appear to be the most divergent (Senufo, Kru) are placed at the top, whereas those closer to the core (the similar "BenueKwa" branches of Kwa, VoltaNiger and BenueCongo) are near the bottom. The erstwhile Atlantic branch has been broken up into Senegambian, Bak, Mel, Gola and Limba, which are left next to each other merely because there is no published evidence to move them; VoltaCongo (Savannas through BenueCongo) is intact apart from Kru and Senufo. If Kwa or Savannas prove to be invalid, the tree will be even more crowded.

There are a few poorly attested languages, such as Bayot and Bung, which may prove to be additional branches.

"Glottolog" (2013) does not accept that the Kordofanian branches (Lafofa, Talodi and Heiban) or the difficult-to-classify Laal language have been demonstrated to be AtlanticCongo languages. It otherwise accepts the family, but not its inclusion within a broader NigerCongo.
1. What are the Kordofanian branches?
2. Who does not agree that they are Atlantic-Congo in origin?
3. When did they state this opinion?
4. What are the Atlantic-Congo languages a part of?
5. What are they defined by?
6. Name a language not comprised by the Atlantic-Congo family.
7. And another?
8. And one more?
9. What was categorized as Kordofanian?
10. Which languages are the most divergent?
11. What has the Atlantic branch been broken into?
12. Have Gola and Limba been well-studied?
Answer: 1. Lafofa, Talodi and Heiban
2. Glottolog
3. in 2013
4. the NigerCongo language family
5. the noun class systems typical of the family
6. Mande
7. Dogon
8. Rashad
9. the Katla and Rashad languages
10. Senufo and Kru
11. Senegambian, Bak, Mel, Gola and Limba
12. no

Q: CHAPTER X.

As Susy's footsteps died away, Clarence closed the door, walked to the window, and examined it closely. The bars had been restored since he had wrenched them off to give ingress to the family on the day of recapture. He glanced around the room; nothing seemed to have been disturbed. Nevertheless he was uneasy. The suspicions of a frank, trustful nature when once aroused are apt to be more general and far-reaching than the specific distrusts of the disingenuous, for they imply the overthrow of a whole principle and not a mere detail. Clarence's conviction that Susy had seen Pedro recently since his dismissal led him into the wildest surmises of her motives. It was possible that without her having reason to suspect Pedro's greater crime, he might have confided to her his intention of reclaiming the property and installing her as the mistress and chatelaine of the rancho. The idea was one that might have appealed to Susy's theatrical imagination. He recalled Mrs. McClosky's sneer at his own pretensions and her vague threats of a rival of more lineal descent. The possible infidelity of Susy to himself touched him lightly when the first surprise was over; indeed, it scarcely could be called infidelity, if she knew and believed Mary Rogers's discovery; and the conviction that he and she had really never loved each other now enabled him, as he believed, to look at her conduct dispassionately. Yet it was her treachery to Mrs. Peyton and not to himself that impressed him most, and perhaps made him equally unjust, through his affections.

Answer the following questions:
1. What was on the window?
2. Had they been there long?
3. why were they restored?
4. why did wrench the bars?
5. Who did this?
6. Who did Clarence suspect Susy had seen?
7. What was Clarence's intentions?
8. and what was to become of susy?
9. were the two a couple?
10. Then who was Pedro?
11. Was it suspected that she was unfaithful with Pedro?
12. Did Clarence and Susy love each other?
13. Did infedality affect Clarence greatly?
14. How did Mrs. Peyton feel of this?
15. What impressed Clarence the most?
16. Did Clarence leave the door open?
17. Did he open the window?
18. Did the room look a mess?
19. how did he feel in the room?
20. Why?
A: 1. bars
2. no
3. he had wrenched
4. to give ingress to the family
5. Clarence
6. Pedro
7. reclaiming the property
8. she becomes mistress
9. yes
10. unknown
11. yes
12. no
13. no
14. unknown
15. her treachery to Mrs. Peyton
16. no
17. no
18. no
19. uneasy
20. his suspicions were aroused

Problem: The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.

The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers, like Nature, magazines, like The Economist and New Scientist, and newspapers, like The Guardian and The Times) and U.S. newspapers is to use sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, where capitalisation follows the same rules that apply for sentences. This convention is usually called sentence case. It may also be applied to publication titles, especially in bibliographic references and library catalogues. Examples of global publishers whose English-language house styles prescribe sentence-case titles and headings include the International Organization for Standardization.
1. Is sentence case a requirement or a convention?
2. What titles might it be applied to?
3. Especially in which type of references?
4. And also, what type of catalogues?
5. What organization does ISO stand for?
6. Are they a global publisher?
7. Do they have an English language house style?
8. What must their titles and headings use?
9. How many words can the terms upper and lower case be written as?
10. What can they be connected with?
11. Were the drawers deep?
12. What was stored in the drawers?
13. What were they called?
14. Were capital letters stored in the same type case?
15. Where was its case located?
16. Are capital letters taller or shorter?
17. What country initially followed this convention?
18. What type of publisher was Nature?
19. What kind of publication was The Guardian?
20. What's another newspaper that used this convention?
Answer:
1. Convention
2. Publication
3. Bibliographic references
4. library catalogues.
5. International Organization for Standardization.
6. Yes
7. Yes
8. Sentence-case
9. Twi
10. A hyphen
11. No
12. Movable type for letterpress printing
13. unknown
14. No
15. Above the case
16. taller.
17. Britan
18. Scientific
19. Newspaper
20. The Times