INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Belaying is not a difficult process, but it is an essential one if you're serious about climbing. Most climbing gyms will require you to take a supervised test before you're allowed to belay someone. They usually offer classes or free, quick lessons as well. You should always practice belaying with a trained expert. While belaying needs to be trained in person, however, you should know how to tie into your rope no matter what your skill level. Belaying is when someone stands below the climber with the rope. They catch them if they fall, give them more rope as they climb, and lower them down slowly when they finish. Whether climbing or belaying, your harness should be snug across your waist and thighs. Do no skimp on this -- tighten every buckle as much as your comfortably can. This includes the leg loops, which cannot be skipped. This is frequently done for you at climbing gyms, but you should understand the process if it is not. There will be two identical strands of rope coming down from the top of the wall. Grab the one closest to the wall and measure out roughly an arm's length. From there: Gripping the rope at your "arm's length," drop the bottom of the rope. Holding it up, you should have an upside-down "U" shape in your hands. Pinch the two sides of the U to create a "bite," or small 1-2" loop. Wrap the bottom of your rope around the bite. You'll cross over your hand so that the end of the rope is back on your side of the bite. Thread the end of the rope through your bite hole. Pull the end of the role through to make your figure eight. This is how you tie in. While all harnesses are different, in general, you'll thread the rope through two loops in the front of your harness, also known as "hard points". Later, you'll tie the end of the rope into your figure eight, effectively attaching yourself to the rope. Make sure that the rope goes through both loops-- the one on your legs and your waist, before tying in. Once you're figure eight is made and you're attached to the rope, complete the tie-in by doubling up on your knot. To do so, you'll simply take then end of the rope in your hand and follow the shape of your figure eight, threading the end in, under, and over the rope to create a snug, secure double figure eight: Note the path of the rope coming back towards you, from your figure eight. Slide the end of your rope exactly the same way this rope runs so that you have parallel ropes. Trace the rope up and over, then back through the figure eight. Again, you're just trying to follow this rope line, create two parallel ropes for a double figure eight. When you're done, the end of the rope should be pointing forward, following the rope up the wall. Grip the both sides of the rope, two ropes at a time, and pull the knot tight. Use your fingers to push or mold the double figure eight so that you have parallel lines throughout with no crossing, twisting, or braiding. Most gyms require a simple safety knot as well, tying off the loose end. To do so: Place your thumb on the rope, roughly 2-3" above the figure eight. Grip the loose end in your other hand. Wrap the loose end over your thumb twice, making an X above your thumb. Wrap the end around one last time, then feed it through the hole where your thumb is. Pull the loose end tight to cinch the knot down. There will be five pairs of parallel rope -- one before the knot, one after the knot, and three little segments in your double figure eight. Your double figure eight should look identical on the top and bottom, and the safety knot should be tight. There shouldn't be any crossed ropes. If there are, loosen the figure eight slightly and bend or move the ropes so that they are all parallel, then tighten it again. Always have an experienced climber check your ropes when you're first starting out. There is an almost universal code for climbers, and it is used to ensure that everyone is set and the safety measures are in place. Before you climb, you must always follow this protocol. However, some places use different climbing calls. You ask, "On Belay?" They reply, "Belay on." You get ready on the wall and say, "Climbing?" They respond, "climb on."

SUMMARY: Learn to tie in and belay with a trained supervisor. Attach your harness as snugly as possible. Create a figure-eight in the bottom of the rope, leaving roughly an arm's length at the bottom. Thread the end of the rope into your harness. Take the end of the rope and trace out your figure eight to make a figure eight follow-through. Pull the rope tight and consider making a safety knot. Check your knot for safety. Communicate with your belayer before climbing.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Fatigue is one of the primary signs of low iron levels. Iron is essential to your red blood cells, and your red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body. When your red blood cells are low, your body isn't getting as much oxygen as it's accustomed to, which can make you feel very tired and weak. Generally, this symptom is more than feeling a little tired for a day or two. It's a deeper tiredness that lasts over time. Because your body isn't getting enough oxygen, you may feel dizzy or lightheaded due to lack of oxygen. This can, in extreme circumstances, lead to issues with breathing, such as feeling like you can't take a deep breath. Such symptoms are rare, and typically associated with situations where someone is actively losing blood. You may also notice headaches, which are a related symptom. With low iron levels, your heart is having to work harder to pump blood to your body because it doesn't have as many cells to carry oxygen. Therefore, your fingers and toes may feel colder than normal. With your heart not pumping as efficiently, you may end up with pale skin. You may also notice this symptom in your nail beds and your gums. Because your heart is working harder to move blood through your body, you can end up with heart problems. For instance, you may have a heart arrhythmia or murmur, which can feel like your heart is skipping a beat. Your body knows it's deficient in a needed nutrient, iron, and it may come up with odd cravings for things that aren't food. For instance, you may crave dirt, ice, or starch. The main symptoms of high iron have to do with your stomach. You may experience constipation, vomiting, nausea, or stomach pain, all of which could indicate high iron levels. Stomach issues can be a sign of many diseases, so don't automatically assume these issues are from high iron.

SUMMARY: Notice fatigue or weakness if you suspect low iron levels. Pay attention to shortness of breath or dizziness for low iron. Check for coldness in your extremities for low iron. Look in the mirror for pale skin, a symptom of low iron. Be vigilant about heart problems with low iron. Notice if you get odd cravings for non-food items for low iron. Watch for stomach issues, as they could indicate high iron levels.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If you notice a stain on your felt hat, use a gum eraser or clean makeup sponge to remove it. Gently dab the stain (or smudge) to try to remove it. Alternatively, purchase a dry cleaning sponge from a hardware store (designed to absorb dust, dirt, and soot) to remove stains. If you notice a grease stain on your hat, sprinkle some corn starch directly onto it (approximately 0.5 tbsp - 0.25 oz). Rub it into the stain gently. After 5-10 minutes, brush it away to see if it has absorbed the stain. Use a cloth dampened with fabric stain remover to wipe stains. For a gentle stain remover, purchase Woolite fabric stain remover. After treating stains, rinse the cloth and re-wipe stains to remove stain remover from the hat.

SUMMARY:
Use an eraser or make up sponge. Sprinkle corn starch on stains. Brush with fabric stain remover.