Q: The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsa-Lothringen).The German conquest of France and the unification of Germany upset the European balance of power, that had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and Otto von Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades. French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World War I.

The Ems telegram had exactly the effect on French public opinion that Bismarck had intended. "This text produced the effect of a red flag on the Gallic bull", Bismarck later wrote. Gramont, the French foreign minister, declared that he felt "he had just received a slap". The leader of the monarchists in Parliament, Adolphe Thiers, spoke for moderation, arguing that France had won the diplomatic battle and there was no reason for war, but he was drowned out by cries that he was a traitor and a Prussian. Napoleon's new prime minister, Emile Ollivier, declared that France had done all that it could humanly and honorably do to prevent the war, and that he accepted the responsibility "with a light heart." A crowd of 1520,000 people, carrying flags and patriotic banners, marched through the streets of Paris, demanding war. On 19 July 1870 a declaration of war was sent to the Prussian government. The southern German states immediately sided with Prussia.

1. Prussian king, Wilhelm I
2. 10 May 1871
3. most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine
4. France
5. apprehensive
6. Gramont
7. Adolphe Thiers
8. no
9. no
10. a traitor and a Prussian
11. Emile Ollivier
12. no
13. 1520,000 people
14. through the streets of Paris
15. no
16. flags and patriotic banners
17. a war with Prussia
18. yes

Numbered questions:
1. Under which leader were German states united?
2. When was the Treaty of Frankfurt signed?
3. What did the Treaty give to Germany?
4. Who had those areas belonged to?
5. How did the British feel about Germany taking those areas?
6. Who was the French foreign minister at this time?
7. And who was the leader of the monarchists?
8. Did Thiers support war?
9. Did people in parliament support Thiers?
10. What did they call him?
11. Who was Napoleon's Prime Minister?
12. Was he bothered about supporting war?
13. How many people marched to support a war?
14. Where did they walk?
15. Were they empty-handed?
16. What did they carry?
17. Which war was all of this leading up to?
18. Did all of this have implications for the rest of the world?

Q: One day, a boy named Jack wanted take a trip on his red tricycle. He was not sure where he wanted to go, but he knew he wanted to go somewhere far away. It was a cloudy and chilly day, so Jack wore a warm shirt. Jack worried that he might get lonely on his trip. He borrowed his mother's phone and taped it to the handle bars of his tricycle so he could call home. He also put his music player in his pocket. Jack put some left over pizza in his backpack in case he got hungry. Jack pedaled down his driveway, heading out on his big trip. When he got to the end of his driveway, Mrs. Jones, his teacher from school, was walking by on the sidewalk. "Hello Jack", said Mrs. Jones, "Where are you going on that nice red tricycle?" "I'm going on a trip to someplace far away" said Jack. Mrs. Jones smiled, and thought for a second. "Make sure you are back by morning, we have a field trip tomorrow", said Mrs. Jones. Jack had been waiting for the field trip for weeks. He looked at Mrs. Jones and said, "I think I'll wait to take a trip until I can fly. I don't want to miss the field trip and this tricycle is not very fast."

1. red
2. a warm shirt
3. he might be lonely
4. a phone
5. taped it to the handle bars of his tricycle
6. a music player
7. pizza
8. No.
9. Mrs. Jones
10. his teacher

Numbered questions:
1. What color was Jack's tricycle?
2. What type of shirt did Jack wear?
3. What worried him about his trip?
4. What did he borrow from his mother?
5. What did he do with it?
6. What did he put in his pocket?
7. What did he put in his backpack?
8. Was it fresh?
9. Who was walking on the sidewalk?
10. Who was she to Jack?

Q: Vilnius (, see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 542,664 . Vilnius is located in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states. Vilnius is the seat of the main government institutions of Lithuania as well as of the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies, and is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Prior to World War II, Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centers in Europe. Its Jewish influence has led to it being described as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania" and Napoleon named it "the Jerusalem of the North" as he was passing through in 1812. In 2009, Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture, together with the Austrian city of Linz.

The name of the city originates from the Vilnia River. The city has also been known by many derivate spellings in various languages throughout its history: "Vilna" was common in English. The most notable non-Lithuanian names for the city include: , , , , , , . A Russian name from the time of the Russian Empire was / ("Vilna/Vilno"), although ("Vilnius") is now used. The names "Wilno", "Wilna" and "Vilna" have also been used in older English, German, French and Italian language publications when the city was one of the capitals of PolishLithuanian Commonwealth and later of Second Polish Republic. The name "Vilna" is still used in Finnish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Hebrew. "Wilna" is still used in German, along with "Vilnius".

1. in the southeast part of Lithuania
2. yes
3. from the Vilnia River
4. no
5. "Vilna"
6. / ("Vilna/Vilno"), although ("Vilnius") is now used
7. "Wilna" is still used in German, along with "Vilnius".
8. Vilnius
9. 542,664
10. it's the second largest city in the Baltic states
11. its architecture in its Old Town
12. in 1994
13. yes
14. in 1812
15. "the Jerusalem of the North"
16. yes
17. the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"
18. in 2009
19. yes
20. yes

Numbered questions:
1. Where is Vilnius?
2. Is it the Capital?
3. Where does the name come from?
4. Is it always spelled the same?
5. What is it in English?
6. What about Russian?
7. How about German?
8. What is the biggest city in Lithuania?
9. What's the population?
10. How does it compare to the rest of the Baltic state cities?
11. What is it known for?
12. When did it become a World Heritage Site?
13. Did Napoleon ever visit?
14. When?
15. What did he call it?
16. Does it have a lot of Jewish culture?
17. What did it come to be called?
18. When was it the European Capital of Culture?
19. Did it share that title?
20. Is it a Gamma global city?