Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Prostasomes are small (40-500 nm), granule-like bodies, found in normal epithelial cells of the prostate and secreted into the prostate duct system. Also poorly differentiated prostate cancer cells are producing prostasomes, since we could isolate and purify prostasomes from vertebral metastases with biochemical methods. To find out whether these prostasomes are secreted into extracellular sites of the metastases, we used electron microscopy.', 'Small biopsies from vertebral metastases of prostate cancer, taken directly from the operating field at surgery, were immediately fixated, embedded in plastic and processed for electron microscopy.', 'We found that prostasomes could be identified extracellularly in the interstitial tissues as well as in the cytoplasm of the metastatic cells.

Output: Are prostasomes secreted from poorly differentiated cells of prostate cancer metastases?

Input: Consider Input: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CCL13/monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) chemokine expression through proinflammatory cytokines in different primary human fibroblasts and the contribution of CCL13 to monocyte migration.', 'Using RNase protection assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we quantified the expression of CCL13 compared with that of CCL2/MCP-1 in primary human fibroblasts. Boyden chamber assays were performed to determine the importance of CCL13 for migration of primary monocytes. Pharmacologic inhibitors as well as small interfering RNA knockdown approaches were used to investigate the signaling pathways regulating CCL13 expression.', 'The interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) was a powerful inducer of CCL13 expression in primary synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as those from healthy control subjects but not in other types of fibroblasts. Neither IL-6 nor tumor necrosis factor alpha could stimulate the expression of CCL13 in synovial fibroblasts; IL-1beta was a very weak inducer. Synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA constitutively produced low amounts of CCL13, which was partially dependent on constitutive production of OSM. By investigating the underlying molecular mechanism, we identified STAT-5, ERK-1/2, and p38 as critical factors involved in OSM-dependent transcription and messenger RNA stabilization of CCL13.

Output: Does induction of CCL13 expression in synovial fibroblasts highlight a significant role of oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis?

Input: Consider Input: The current study was undertaken to determine if DNA ploidy is a useful prognostic variable for predicting recurrence in stage I endometrial cancer. For cancer of the endometrium, survival following recurrence may depend on a number of factors, including the pattern of recurrence and the response to second line treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated a worse survival for patients with DNA aneuploid tumors. It remains unclear, however, whether this is necessarily due to a higher risk of recurrence. This study was undertaken to assess DNA ploidy and risk of recurrence in patients with stage I endometrial cancer.', 'This is a retrospective study of surgically treated patients with stages IB and IC endometrial cancer treated from 1992 to 2000. All patients underwent definitive surgery, including staging lymphadenectomy. None of the patients received postoperative treatment. DNA ploidy was determined using flow cytometry and image analysis. Grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, stage (stage IB versus IC), and DNA ploidy were analyzed with regard to recurrence and survival.', 'There were 100 patients with stages IB and IC endometrial cancer in this analysis. There were 17 recurrences (17%) and 10 patients that died of cancer (10%). Grade 3 and the presence of lymph-vascular space invasion were associated with increased risk of recurrence; DNA aneuploidy and stage were not. Grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, and DNA ploidy were associated with survival. These findings indicate that DNA aneuploidy does not increase the risk of disease recurrence but is associated with overall survival.
Output: Is dNA aneuploidy associated with increased mortality for stage I endometrial cancer?