input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus.

The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination). Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage. 1. what doesn't have a precise definition?
numbered_answers: 1. the boundary between visible and infrared light

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Jamie Oliver has been invited by Gordon Brown to prepare a banquet at No.10 for President Barack Obama and other leaders of the G20, offering a cut-price menu to reflect times when trade and industry are far from prosperous and the rate of employment is decreasing.

Downing Street sources say Oliver, the well-known chef, will cook using "honest high-street products" and avoid expensive or "fancy" ingredients.

The prime minister is trying to avoid a repeat of the embarrassment last year when he sat down to an 18-course banquet at a Japanese summit to discuss world food shortages.

Obama, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany and other leaders will be served by apprentices from Fifteen, the London restaurant Oliver founded to help train young people in poverty in order to make a living by mastering a skill.

Brown wants the dinner to reflect the emphasis of the London summit, which he hopes will lead to an agreement to lift the world out of recession."To be invited to cook for such an important group of people, who are trying to solve some of the world's major problems, is really a privilege," said Oliver.

"I'm hoping the menu I'm working on will show British food and produce is some of the best in the world, but also show we have pioneered a high-quality apprentice scheme at Fifteen London that is giving young people a skill to be proud of."

The chef has not yet finalized me menu, but is expected to draw inspiration from his latest book, Jamie's Ministry of Food, which has budget recipes for beef and ale stew and "impressive" chocolate fudge cake. (

) 1. Where is No 10?
2. What has Jamie Oliver been asked to do?
3. Who is one of the leaders of the G20?
4. And another?
5. And still another?
6. Who will they be served by?
7. Who invited Jamie Oliver to make the banquet?
8. What is his title?
9. What does he want the dinner to reflect?
10. Is the rate of employment increasing?
11. What kind of ingredients will be used?
12. What kind will be avoided?
13. What was the purpose of Oliver's restaurant?
14. in order to do what?
15. What does Brown hope the summit will lead to?
16. An agreement to do what?
17. What is Jamie Oliver's latest book?
18. What kind of recipes does it have?
19. Name one?
20. Name another?
numbered_answers: 1. Fifteen, the London restaurant
2. prepare a banquet
3. President Barack Obama
4. President Nicolas Sarkozy
5. Chancellor Angela Merkel
6. apprentices
7. Gordon Brown
8. prime minister
9. times when trade and industry are far from prosperous
10. no
11. honest high-street products
12. expensive or "fancy"
13. to help train young people in poverty
14. make a living
15. an agreement
16. lift the world out of recession
17. Jamie's Ministry of Food
18. budget recipes
19. ale stew
20. chocolate fudge cake

input: Make use of the article to answer the questions. Sandra Bullock turned 51 last month. But because she looks exactly the same as she did inMiss Congeniality, a movie filmed back in the 20thcentury, everyone calls her "ageless." Bullock is just one of a number of stars in their 40s and 50s who've had birthdays recently but have not gotten older, unlike the rest of us in their age group. Take Halle Berry. One website put a photo of her 20 years ago next to one of the newly 49-year-old Berry and dared us to choose which was which. "This Is What 49 Looks Like," it said. Seriously, if that's what 49 looks like, I must be 71.

However, even a generation ago, famous faces evolved. Look at a picture of Grace Kelly at age 52 in the early 1980s. She looks like a beautiful middle-aged woman. Today she'd look old for her age.

The goal now is to prevent aging while you are still young, using all the magical nonsurgical options medicine has to offer. Eventually these techniques will become less expensive, and ordinary people my daughter's age will have them. Already anti-aging is starting to be considered maintenance, like coloring your hair. My friends and I find ourselves openly debating techniques that we used to make fun of. Does fat-freezing work? How much time do you have to spend in the gym to keep the body of a 35-year-old after 50? It's all so exhausting. But members of the next generation have it tougher. They'll have to ask themselves whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old. I've already seen "Sexy at 70" headlines. Will everyone be expected to go to their graves looking hot?

I also have to wonder what else we are slowing along with age. How do you move on if you're working so hard to stay the same? And besides, if you've known the ache of watching a daughter pack up for college, you know you can't stop the clock. 1. Who is considered ageless?
2. why?
3. how old is she?
4. Who else falls into this group?
5. and how old is she?
6. What is anti aging considered as?
7. In the 1980s, how old was Grace Kelly?
8. What is coloring your hair considered?
9. Is it easy to prevent aging?
10. what is it?
11. Do the headlines read, sexy at 50?
12. what do they say?
13. What will be expected at death?
14. Who will have it harder soon?
15. What did a website do with Halle Berry's photo?
16. What did it say?
17. What movie did Sandra Bullock play in?
18. when?
19. What will the next generation have to ask themselves?
numbered_answers:
1. Sandra Bullock
2. because she looks exactly the same as she did inMiss Congeniality
3. 51
4. Halle Berry.
5. 49
6. maintenance
7. 52
8. maintenance
9. No
10. exhausting
11. No
12. Sexy at 70
13. looking hot
14. members of the next generation
15. put a photo of her 20 years ago next to one of the newly 49-year-old Berry
16. "This Is What 49 Looks Like,"
17. Miss Congeniality
18. in the 20thcentury
19. whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old.