Process: - Magma rises through cracks in the Earth's crust - The pressure causes plates to move - Magma explodes to the surface - The lava from the eruption cools to form new crust - After several eruptions, the rock builds up and a volcano forms - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the plates move more happens, how will it affect there is less new crust that forms. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process: - Water in the clouds becomes very cold - The cold water forms ice crystals - The ice crystals grow by absorbing surrounding water droplets - Form snowflakes - The snowflakes fall to the ground. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is no conducting material available happens, how will it affect the clouds are colder. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process: - Humans are born as babies - Babies become infants - Infants become children - Children learn skills - Children become teenagers - Teenagers undergo puberty - Teenagers become adults - Adults have children - Adults become elderly - Elderly humans die. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there will be more earthquakes happens, how will it affect More women will get pregnant. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process: - Fault lines appear underground - The fault lines grow over time - The rocks on each side of the fault lines rub against the rocks on the other side of the fault line - The rocks put pressure on each other - The rocks break from the pressure - The breaking of the rocks releases a lot of energy - The energy causes seismic waves - The seismic waves make the earth shake. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less rocks being available happens, how will it affect larger seismic waves. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes