Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Problem:applies to both GMR and its attorneys, who "stand on the same legal footing" as their clients. See Hoai v. Vo, 935 F.2d 308, 313 n. 5 (D.C.Cir.1991). Carlson also relies on the Supreme Court's decision in Connecticut v. Doehr, 501 U.S. 1, 111 S.Ct. 2105, 115 L.Ed.2d 1 (1991). Like Lugar, Doehr concerned a state statute that authorized prejudgment attachment without prior notice or hearing. Id. at 4, 111 S.Ct. 2105. The Court did not, however, consider whether the private party was a state actor. Doehr offers no guidance here. The district court correctly applied this court's 1983 case law when rejecting Carlson's claim. Finding private parties liable as state actors, this court has required joint action or conspiracy with state authorities. See Wickersham, 481 F.3d at 595, 599 (<HOLDING>); DuBose v. Kelly, 187 F.3d 999, 1003 (8th
Holding statements: (A) holding that the state police is a state agency (B) holding that a state agency created under state law was a state actor (C) holding that a private air show is a state actor when its president is the final arbiter of what constituted unwanted protest and directs whom police arrest (D) holding that establishing the existence of an understanding among private parties and state actors for 1983 conspiracy purposes is really nothing more than another way to show state action by alleging a private partys connection to a state actor (E) holding that amtrak was a state actor
Solution:
(C)