In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Ex Input:
in reaching that conclusion, we recede from the previous holding of this court in hall v. state, 505 so.2d 657, 658 (fla. 2d dca), cause dismissed, 509 so.2d 1117 (fla. 1987), in which we stated that an essential element of proof in regard to the crime of robbery is "that the accused had the specific intent to permanently deprive the owner of property.

Ex Output:
overruling

Ex Input:
"catalyst theory," allowing that result, is no longer available for that purpose, see farrar, ___ u.s. at ___, 113 s.ct. at 573-74, and cases such as bonnes v. long, 599 f.2d 1316 (4th cir. 1979), which applied that theory, are overruled.

Ex Output:
overruling

Ex Input:
to the extent that connor v. farmer, 382 so.2d 1069 (la.app. 1980) may be contrary to this opinion, it is overruled.

Ex Output:
overruling