Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: The aim of this study was to visualize early stage prostate cancer (Cap) in a clinical setting. In previous studies, the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for screening Cap have rarely been confirmed by well-designed multisite prostate biopsy.', 'The prostate glands of 90 men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before transrectal ultrasound-guided 14-cores prostate biopsy. Each core was divided into three subcore fractions (total of 42 fractions) to generate a histological localization diagram, which was compared with localization-visualized DCE-MRI.', "The detection rate of Cap in 57 patients with PSA < 10.0 ng/ml was 36.8% as determined by the initial biopsy. DCE-MRI uncovered 92.9% of the clinically significant Caps and its specificity was 96.2% for the first biopsy session. One case with positive DCE-MRI and a negative primary biopsy was positive with additional biopsies. All of 26 DCE-MRI positive cases had significant Cap, and two of eight patients with histological Cap and negative or equivocal imaging had significant cancer. In total, 9 of 20 cases with DCE-MRI stage T2 underwent radical prostatectomy. All of them had organ-confined disease, although 33-77% (mean 63%) of them were expected to be rated T3 or higher by Partin's table.
Answer: DCE-MRI can identify early stage Cap with high sensitivity and specificity, and can predict the histological grade to some extent. DCE-MRI prior to biopsy should be applied to younger patients with surgical indications. Otherwise, we recommend the definitive diagnosis of Cap by utilizing DCE-MRI alone.

A: Is dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE-MRI ) a useful modality for the precise detection and staging of early prostate cancer?
****
Q: Context: To establish the role of FHIT in the pathogenesis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'We examined genomic alterations, as well as, mRNA and protein expression patterns from the FHIT gene, in 48 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Additionally, p53 mutations were analyzed.', 'Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%, P = 0.002). No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHIT. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the FHIT locus was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases for D3S1313. Reduced expression of FHIT protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 HCC samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case. There were no associations with abnormal transcripts, LOH, and Fhit expression. p53 mutations were identified in 9 of the 48 HCC cases. However, none of the cases displayed a G to T transversion at p53 codon 249.
Answer: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues. However, Fhit expression was lost or reduced in a minor fraction of HCC tissues, while it was strongly expressed in non-cancerous liver tissues. Therefore, our study suggests that FHIT plays a role in relatively few HCC cases in South Korea.

A: Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea?
****
Q: Context: To investigate whether the use of continuous Pringle maneuver (PM) adversely impacts the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'From January 1989 to January 2011, 586 HCC patients who underwent curative resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified from the database. Continuous PM was performed in 290 patients (PM group), including 163 patients with a hepatic inflow occlusion time of <15 min (PM-1 group) and 127 with 15-30 min (PM-2 group). An additional 296 patients underwent partial hepatectomy without inflow occlusion (occlusion-free, OF group).', 'The PM group showed less estimated blood loss during hepatectomy than the OF group (P=0.005) and the two groups experienced similar incidence of perioperative complications. There were no significant differences in either overall survival or disease-free survival (DFS) between the PM and OF groups (P=0.117 and 0.291, respectively), and between the PM-1 and PM-2 groups (P=0.344 and 0.103, respectively). Hepatic inflow occlusion and occlusion time were not independent risk factors for OS or DFS.
Answer: Continuous PM effectively reduces intraoperative bleeding and does not adversely impact the outcomes of HCC patients. It remains a valuable tool in hepatic resection, even difficult, complicated resections requiring prolonged clamping times.

A:
Does continuous Pringle maneuver affect outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection?
****