Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER VI

EXAMINATION DAY

It was plain that Fred and Charley had spread the news of their descent into the Pit, and of their battle with the Simpson clan and the Fishes. He heard the nine-o'clock bell with feelings of relief, and passed into the school, a mark for admiring glances from all the boys. The girls, too, looked at him in a timid and fearful way--as they might have looked at Daniel when he came out of the lions' den, Joe thought, or at David after his battle with Goliath. It made him uncomfortable and painfully self-conscious, this hero-worshiping, and he wished heartily that they would look in some other direction for a change.

Soon they did look in another direction. While big sheets of foolscap were being distributed to every desk, Miss Wilson, the teacher (an austere-looking young woman who went through the world as though it were a refrigerator, and who, even on the warmest days in the classroom, was to be found with a shawl or cape about her shoulders), arose, and on the blackboard where all could see wrote the Roman numeral "I." Every eye, and there were fifty pairs of them, hung with expectancy upon her hand, and in the pause that followed the room was quiet as the grave.

Underneath the Roman numeral "I" she wrote: "_(a) What were the laws of Draco? (b) Why did an Athenian orator say that they were written 'not in ink, but in blood'?_"

Forty-nine heads bent down and forty-nine pens scratched lustily across as many sheets of foolscap. Joe's head alone remained up, and he regarded the blackboard with so blank a stare that Miss Wilson, glancing over her shoulder after having written "II," stopped to look at him. Then she wrote:
1. Who had spread the news?
2. What was the teacher's name?
3. What were her salient qualities?
4. and?
5. Did she dress in a summery fashion?
6. What biblical story is referenced?
7. and?
8. What characterized the glances from the boys?
9. How many eyes were looking at the teacher's hand?
10. was the classroom hushed?
11. Who does she quote concerning Draconian laws?
12. Did all the children know the answer to her question?

Numbered answers:
1. Fred and Charley
2. Miss Wilson
3. austere-looking
4. went through the world as though it were a refrigerator
5. No
6. David vs Goliath
7. the Simpson clan and the Fishes
8. the nine-o'clock bell
9. fifty pairs
10. Yes
11. What were the laws of Draco?
12. Yes

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER XI.

THE STORM IN THE VALLEY.

Judging from appearances, when they entered the new cabin of the moonlighters, Ralph concluded that George had said some hard things to Bob because of the part he had obliged him to play. When the two went in to get the few hours of sleep they needed so sadly, for they had been awake during all of the previous night, no one spoke. They were all having what Ralph afterward described as a grand sulking match; but neither one of their guests paid the slightest attention to their ill humor.

It was then very late in the night, and, tired as each one was, it was but a few moments before the camp was in a state of complete repose, from which neither moonlighter, engineer nor student awakened until the sun had been looking in upon them nearly an hour.

If Bob had been cross the previous evening, his sleep had restored him to his usual good humor, and he greeted Ralph and George with the cheeriest of smiles.

"I say, old fellow," he began, when Harnett returned from making his toilet at the brook-side, "I realize that we played you a dirty kind of a trick in using your team as we did last night; but at the time I was so anxious to get everything over here all right that I did not stop to think about it. Of course, I can't undo what has been done, but if any money trouble comes to you because of last night's work, neither you nor Gurney shall lose a cent. Try to forget it, won't you, George? Shake hands with me, and say that you will."
1. had they gotten much sleep the previous night?
2. who was at the Cabin?
3. who said some hard things to Bob?
4. Did Bob feel better after he slept?
5. how did Ralph describe how they were acting
6. how did bob great Ralph and George?
7. how long had the sun been up before they awoke?
8. when did Harnett get back?
9. where?
10. did George talk to him?
11. did he try to apologize?
12. who wouldn't lose a cent?
13. could what George did be undone?
14. what is the title of chapter 11

Numbered answers:
1. no
2. Ralph, George and Bob
3. George
4. yes
5. a grand sulking match
6. with the cheeriest of smiles
7. nearly an hour
8. after making his toilet
9. at the brook-side
10. yes
11. yes
12. George and Gurney
13. no
14. THE STORM IN THE VALLEY

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

The term "system" comes from the Latin word "systema", in turn from Greek "systema": "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition".

According to Marshall McLuhan,

"System" means "something to look at". You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. But in philosophy, prior to Descartes, there was no "system". Plato had no "system". Aristotle had no "system". In the 19th century the French physicist Sadi Carnot, who studied thermodynamics, pioneered the development of the concept of a "system" in the natural sciences. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the "working substance" (typically a body of water vapor) in steam engines, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (to which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term "working body" when referring to the system.
1. What is the Latin word for system?
2. What about in Greek?
3. Who came up with the idea of a system in the natural sciences?
4. When did he do this?
5. What did he do for a living?
6. His specialty?
7. What is his nationality?
8. When was his idea generalized?
9. By who?
10. What kind of work did he do?
11. Was he French too?
12. What was he?
13. What did he refer to the system as?
Numbered answers:
1. Tsystema
2. systema
3. Sadi Carnot
4. 19th century
5. he was a physicist
6. thermodynamics
7. French
8. 1850
9. Rudolf Clausius
10. he was a physicist
11. no
12. German
13. "working body"