In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Leon Gambetta attempted to organize one side's defenses in this war, but fled in a hot air balloon. The Treaty of Frankfurt ended this war, in which the Battle of Sedan was fought. One cause of this war was the possibility of Leopold of Hohenzollern gaining the Spanish throne. Another cause of this war was an edited letter between the ambassador of one country in this war and Wilhelm I. That document known as the Ems Dispatch was used to advance the goals of Otto von Bismarck. For 10 points, name this 1870-1871 war between two European nations that led to German unification.
History

The Stratton-Chu model of this phenomenon attempts to improve on earlier scalar models such as the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory. The equivalence of complementary arrangements in producing this phenomenon is described by Babinets principle. A simple scalar theory of this phenomenon makes use of an integral named for Kirchhoff and Fresnel, and a simple pictorial model of this phenomenon is given by Huygens principle of wave propagation. FTP name this behavior observed in electrons by Davisson and Germer, the bending of waves as they pass obstacles.
Science

One character in this novel, after being asked how to use a gun, refuses to show the chief of a local tribe how to do so on the grounds that black revolutionaries should not be resisted. Another character in this novel is forced to ask someone else to sign his pass book so that he can remain in the city, but he later regains power by speaking in a language that the character can't understand when they get removed to a settlement. One character in this novel feels guilty when she looks at a picture of her servant Lydia holding her school bag for her. In a fight, that same character snaps at the title character that if he'd wanted to, he could have left his wife Ellen for her. For 10 points, name this novel in which Maureen and Bamford Smales are saved by their titular servant, a novel by Nadine Gordimer.
Literature