Q: In the end, Sigismund did not succeed in becoming tsar or in securing the throne for Wadysaw, but he was able to expand the Commonwealth's territory. During his reign Poland was the largest and most populous country in Europe. On 11 December 1618 the Truce of Deulino,:567 which concluded the Dimitriad's war, gave the Commonwealth control over some of the conquered territories, including the territories of Chernigov and Severia and the city of Smolensk, and proclaimed a 15-year truce. Wadysaw refused to relinquish his claim to the Russian throne, even though Sigismund had already done so. While the Commonwealth gained some territories in the east, in terms of finance and lives it was a very costly victory. In 1632 the Truce of Deulino expired, and hostilities immediately resumed in the course of a conflict known as the Smolensk War.:587 This time the war was started by the Russians, who tried to exploit the suspected weakness of the Commonwealth after the unexpected death of Sigismund III.:587 However, they failed to regain Smolensk. Mikhail Shein surrendered to Wadysaw IV on 1 March 1634, and the Russians accepted the Treaty of Polyanovka in May 1634.:587 The Russians had to pay 20,000 rubles to the Commonwealth, but Wadysaw relinquished his claim to the Russian throne:587 and recognized Michael as the legitimate tsar of Russia, also returning the Russian royal insignia.
Who did Wladyslaw give the throne to?
A: Michael

Q: Teasdale and Owen (2005) examined the results of IQ tests given to Denmark male conscripts. Between 1959 and 1979 the gains were 3 points per decade. Between 1979 and 1989 the increase approached 2 IQ points. Between 1989 and 1998 the gain was about 1.3 points. Between 1998 and 2004 IQ declined by about the same amount as it gained between 1989 and 1998. They speculate that "a contributing factor in this recent fall could be a simultaneous decline in proportions of students entering 3-year advanced-level school programs for 16-18-year-olds." The same authors in a more comprehensive 2008 study, again on Danish male conscripts, found that there was a 1.5-point increase between 1988 and 1998, but a 1.5-point decrease between 1998 and 2003/2004. A possible contributing factor to the more recent decline may be changes in the Danish educational system. Another may be the rising proportion of immigrants or their immediate descendants in Denmark. This is supported by data on Danish draftees where first or second generation immigrants with Danish nationality score below average.
How many years was the gains 3 points per decade for male IQ tests?
A: 20

Q: After a tough loss to the Raiders, the Steelers traveled to Foxborough to take on the Patriots. The Patriots scored first when Danny Amendola caught a 34-yard TD pass from Tom Brady to make the score 7-0. In the 2nd quarter, the Patriots increased their lead as Brady found Rob Gronkowski on a 19-yard pass to make the score 14-0. The Steelers finally got on the board when Shaun Suisham kicked a 30-yard field goal to make it 14-3, but the Pats went ahead by 2 touchdowns again as Stephen Gostkowski nailed a field goal from 20 yards out making the score 17-3. Ben Roethlisberger regardless was able to find Antonio Brown for his 200th career TD pass a 27-yarder to come behind by 7, 17-10. But the Pats pulled away as Steven Ridley ran for a 1-yard TD to make it 24-10 at halftime. In the 3rd quarter, Roethlisberger found Cotchery again on a 20-yard pass cutting the lead to 24-17 and again on an 8-yard pass tying the game at 24. However, the Patriots pulled away again as Gostkowski kicked a 32-yard field goal to make the score 27-24. They continued to dominate in the 4th quarter scoring a total of 17 straight points as Brady found Aaron Dobson on a 17-yard pass to make the score 34-24 and Ridley again ran for another TD from 5-yards out making the score 41-24. Roethlisberger and Cotchery hooked up again on a 6-yard pass to shorten the lead to 41-31, however the Patriots were able to pull away as Brady found Dobson again on an 81-yard pass to make the score 48-31 and ended it with LeGarrette Blount's 5-yard run making the final score 55-31. With the loss, the Steelers dropped to 2-6. The team's first such start since 2006. It may also be noted that since 2006 whenever the team has been below .500 in a season, they would eventually finish with 8 wins or more, but at the same time, miss out on the playoffs. Also, the 55 points are the most points ever scored against the Steelers as the Patriots became the first team to score 50+ points against the team since the Bills' victory of 52-34 in 1991.
By how many points did the Steelers trail by at halftime?
A:
14