TASK DEFINITION: Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: A malaria vaccine could be an important addition to current control strategies. We report the safety and vaccine efficacy (VE) of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine during 18 mo following vaccination at 11 African sites with varying malaria transmission. 6,537 infants aged 6-12 wk and 8,923 children aged 5-17 mo were randomized to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01 or comparator vaccine. VE against clinical malaria in children during the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3 (per protocol) was 46% (95% CI 42% to 50%) (range 40% to 77%; VE, p<0.01 across all sites). VE during the 20 mo after vaccine dose 1 (intention to treat [ITT]) was 45% (95% CI 41% to 49%). VE against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, and all-cause hospitalization was 34% (95% CI 15% to 48%), 41% (95% CI 30% to 50%), and 19% (95% CI 11% to 27%), respectively (ITT). VE against clinical malaria in infants was 27% (95% CI 20% to 32%, per protocol; 27% [95% CI 21% to 33%], ITT), with no significant protection against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, or all-cause hospitalization. Post-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite antibody geometric mean titer varied from 348 to 787 EU/ml across sites in children and from 117 to 335 EU/ml in infants (per protocol). VE waned over time in both age categories (Schoenfeld residuals p<0.001). The number of clinical and severe malaria cases averted per 1,000 children vaccinated ranged across sites from 37 to 2,365 and from -1 to 49, respectively; corresponding ranges among infants were -10 to 1,402 and -13 to 37, respectively (ITT). Meningitis was reported as a serious adverse event in 16/5,949 and 1/2,974 children and in 9/4,358 and 3/2,179 infants in the RTS,S/AS01 and control groups, respectively. RTS,S/AS01 prevented many cases of clinical and severe malaria over the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3, with the highest impact in areas with the greatest malaria incidence. VE was higher in children than in infants, but even at modest levels of VE, the number of malaria cases averted was substantial. RTS,S/AS01 could be an important addition to current malaria control in Africa. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00866619 Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Question: RTS S AS01 vaccine was developed to prevent which disease?

SOLUTION: malaria

PROBLEM: Context: Hoping to rebound from a divisional home loss to the Eagles, the Cowboys flew to Bank of America Stadium for a Week 16 Saturday night duel with the Carolina Panthers. In the first quarter, Dallas shot first with QB Tony Romo completing a 10-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the 'Boys continued their assault as RB Marion Barber got a 5-yard TD run. The Panthers would get on the board with QB Matt Moore completing an 11-yard TD pass to WR Steve Smith. The Cowboys end the half with rookie kicker Nick Folk getting a 42-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Carolina started to try a comeback as kicker John Kasay getting a 37-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Dallas would respond with Folk kicking a 23-yard field goal. The Panthers tried to rally as Kasay nailing a 25-yard field goal, yet the 'Boys were able to hold off every possible attempt. With the win, the Cowboys improved to 13-2 and clinched homefield through NFC Playoffs with Green Bay's loss to Chicago on Sunday. Terrell Owens (5 receptions for 48 yards and 1 touchdown) left the game in the second quarter with a high left ankle sprain.
Question: What was the shortest field goal made?

SOLUTION: 23-yard

PROBLEM: Context: With the avalanche of biological sequences generated in the post-genomic age, one of the most challenging problems in computational biology is how to effectively formulate the sequence of a biological sample (such as DNA, RNA or protein) with a discrete model or a vector that can effectively reflect its sequence pattern information or capture its key features concerned. Although several web servers and stand-alone tools were developed to address this problem, all these tools, however, can only handle one type of samples. Furthermore, the number of their built-in properties is limited, and hence it is often difficult for users to formulate the biological sequences according to their desired features or properties. In this article, with a much larger number of built-in properties, we are to propose a much more flexible web server called Pse-in-One ([Link] which can, through its 28 different modes, generate nearly all the possible feature vectors for DNA, RNA and protein sequences. Particularly, it can also generate those feature vectors with the properties defined by users themselves. These feature vectors can be easily combined with machine-learning algorithms to develop computational predictors and analysis methods for various tasks in bioinformatics and system biology. It is anticipated that the Pse-in-One web server will become a very useful tool in computational proteomics, genomics, as well as biological sequence analysis. Moreover, to maximize users' convenience, its stand-alone version can also be downloaded from [Link] and directly run on Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS.
Question: Which server is used for generating modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA and protein sequences?

SOLUTION:
pse-in-one