Question: Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating. Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. There may even be a pheromone component. Research has shown that up to 55% of human communication may occur through non-verbal facial expressions, and a further 38% through paralanguage. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion.

Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out "noise", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content. 1. What gets filtered out?
2. Noise of what?
3. Can fungi communicate?
4. Give me an example of nonverbal communication?
5. Can you give me one example?
6. Does ones clothing communicate?
7. What about perspiration?
8. Give an example of paralanguage
9. And another example?
10. How much communication is paralanguage? Provide a numbered list of answers.
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A numbered of answers: 1. Noise
2. Similar molecules without biotic content.
3. Yes
4. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.
5. Filamentation
6. Yes
7. Yes
8. Stress
9. Rhythm
10. 38%

Question: Lucy was a young lady bug. She always felt different from the lady bugs because her colors were reversed! Instead of a red body and black spots she had a black body and red spots! As you can imagine this left Lucy feeling pretty lonely so she spent a lot of time flying around to all the different areas to find other ladybugs like her. She loved to feel the wind in her wings as she flew. She spent so much of her time flying around so she could fly longer and faster than another other lady bug. She also loved flying so much because it gave her a feeling of being free. One day when she was flying around she heard a loud scream for help! She went as fast as she could towards the screams for help. She saw another lady bug with a broken wing lying on the ground. She knew the lady bug as Jessie. "What happened?!" asked Lucy. "I crashed into the tree flying home yesterday and I've been lost ever since. I can't fly because my wing is broken. Do you know the way back home?" asked Jessie "Don't worry Jessie, I know this area like the back of my wing I'll lead you home!" Lucy said happily. "Thank you so much!" Jessie said happily. Lucy led Jessie straight home where he was given medicine to fix his broken wing. She was rewarded a medal and called a hero. As she enjoyed her medal she knew she didn't need to find for any more ladybugs that looked like her. She now knew that even with her different colors, she was still a lady bug like everyone else. 1. What was lucy?
2. Why was she different?
3. Who did she hear scream?
4. What did he run into? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. a lady bug
2. her colors were reversed
3. another lady bug
4. a tree

Question: (CNN) -- It is not easy to capture a man's life in 152 minutes, let alone a life as illustrious and complex as Nelson Mandela's. For London-born actor Idris Elba, who played the South African leader in the 2013 biopic "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom," the task was sure to feel Herculean.

"I could never really articulate what it felt like to play Mandela properly in an interview," he admits in a phone conversation with CNN.

Though the actor is British, and physically bears little resemblance to the late South African leader, Elba recalls the unexpectedly warm reception he received, particularly from extras on set -- many of whom were locals who lived through the apartheid era.

"South Africa is very embracing. Even though I'm not from South Africa and was about to play Mandela, they still gave me a lot of love," he says. By the end of filming, many were even calling him "Madiba."

The experience, life-changing in many ways, was bound to feel odd. For Elba, the best way to capture not just the man but the feeling of playing him on film, was through music.

Next week will see the release of "Mi Mandela," a tribute to Mandela made up of songs written and produced by Elba himself, and performed by a mixture of South African and British talent, including Mumford & Sons, the Mahotella Queens and Maverick Sabre.

"There were various sensations I experienced (playing Mandela), and I could never give an answer I was satisfied with. I think this album represents that answer. It allows me to express the feelings of playing him," says Elba. 1. what is released next week?
2. how long is it?
3. what sort of life did Mandela have?
4. who played him?
5. what year?
6. in what film?
7. how was he talking to cnn?
8. where is Elba from?
9. and does he look like Mandela?
10. what type of reaction did he get?
11. from anyone in particular?
12. where were they from?
13. what had they endured?
14. who has written and produced the songs on Mi mandela?
15. Only british singers/performers?
16. where else?
17. name a couple of artists
18. what does the albumn represnt?
19. by the end of filmin what was he being called?
20. What did Elba say SOuth Africa have given hi,? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. "Mi Mandela"
2. 152 minutes
3. illustrious and complex
4. Idris Elba
5. 2013
6. "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"
7. by phone
8. London
9. no
10. unexpectedly warm reception
11. from extras on set
12. locals
13. the apartheid era
14. Elba
15. no
16. South African
17. Mumford & Sons, the Mahotella Queens and Maverick Sabre
18. how Elba felt playing Mandela
19. "Madiba
20. a lot of love