Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The vegetal pole refers to the concentration of what toward one pole of an egg? A:
OPTIONS:
- light
- shell
- embryo
- yolk
Answer: yolk

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: It is not yet clear why biodiversity increases closer to the equator, but hypotheses include the greater age of the ecosystems in the tropics versus temperate regions, which were largely devoid of life or drastically impoverished during the last ice age. The greater age provides more time for speciation. Another possible explanation is the greater energy the tropics receive from the sun versus the lesser energy input in temperate and polar regions. But scientists have not been able to explain how greater energy input could translate into more species. The complexity of tropical ecosystems may promote speciation by increasing the habitat heterogeneity, or number of ecological niches, in the tropics relative to higher latitudes. The greater heterogeneity provides more opportunities for coevolution, specialization, and perhaps greater selection pressures leading to population differentiation. However, this hypothesis suffers from some circularityecosystems with more species encourage speciation, but how did they get more species to begin with? The tropics have been perceived as being more stable than temperate regions, which have a pronounced climate and day-length seasonality. The tropics have their own forms of seasonality, such as rainfall, but they are generally assumed to be more stable environments and this stability might promote speciation. Regardless of the mechanisms, it is certainly true that biodiversity is greatest in the tropics. The number of endemic species is higher in the tropics. The tropics also contain more biodiversity hotspots. At the same time, our knowledge of the species living in the tropics is lowest and because of recent, heavy human activity the potential for biodiversity loss is greatest. Q: Where do you find the greatest biodiversity? A:
OPTIONS:
- in shallow lakes
- in the tundra
- at the poles
- in the tropics
output: in the tropics

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. They are influenced by local geography, such as nearness to an ocean. They include land and sea breezes as well as monsoons. Q: What type of winds blow over a limited area? A:

OPTIONS:
- hurricanes
- gales
- trade winds
- local winds

A: local winds

input: OPTIONS:
- sensory overload
- invention
- overstimulation
- an observation Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Scientists first make observations that raise questions. An observation is the act of noting or detecting phenomenon through the senses. For example, noting that a room is dark is an observation made through sight. Q: What is the act of noting or detecting phenomenon through the senses A:
A:
output: an observation

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The carbonyl group, a carbon-to-oxygen double bond, is the defining feature ofaldehydes and ketones. In aldehydes at least one bond on the carbonyl group is a carbon-to-hydrogen bond; in ketones, both available bonds on the carbonyl carbon atom are carbon-to-carbon bonds. Aldehydes are synthesized by the oxidation of primary alcohols. The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Ketones are prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Mild oxidizing agents oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Ketones are not oxidized by these reagents. A thiol is a compound with an SH functional group. Q: What are prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols? A:

OPTIONS:
- protons
- more alcohol
- ions
- ketones

Answer: ketones

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Diagram of a typical prokaryotic cell. Among other things, prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles or a cell nucleus. Q: What are unique about prokaryotic cells' organelles? A:

OPTIONS:
- no cell walls
- no epidermis
- only membrane - bound
- not membrane-bound

A:
not membrane-bound