Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: (A) A wave consists of alternation crests and troughs. The wavelength () is defined as the distance between any two consecutive identical points on the waveform. The amplitude is the height of the wave. (B) A wave with a short wavelength (top) has a high frequency because more waves pass a given point in a certain amount of time. A wave with a longer wavelength (bottom) has a lower frequency. Q: What is the term for the height of the wave? A:
OPTIONS:
- magnitude
- frequency
- vibration
- amplitude
Answer: amplitude

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra lies north of the subarctic boreal forests and is located throughout the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Figure 20.18). Tundra also exists at elevations above the tree line on mountains. The average winter temperature is 34C (29.2F) and the average summer temperature is 3C12C (37F 52F). Plants in the Arctic tundra have a short growing season of approximately 5060 days. However, during this time, there are almost 24 hours of daylight and plant growth is rapid. The annual precipitation of the Arctic tundra is low (1525 cm or 610 in) with little annual variation in precipitation. And, as in the boreal forests, there is little evaporation because of the cold temperatures. Plants in the Arctic tundra are generally low to the ground and include low shrubs, grasses, lichens, and small flowering plants (Figure 20.26). There is little species diversity, low net primary productivity, and low aboveground biomass. The soils of the Arctic tundra may remain in a perennially frozen state referred to as permafrost. The permafrost makes it impossible for roots to penetrate far into the soil and slows the decay of organic matter, which inhibits the release of nutrients from organic matter. The melting of the permafrost in the brief summer provides water for a burst of productivity while temperatures and long days permit it. During the growing season, the ground of the Arctic tundra can be completely covered with plants or lichens. Q: Why is there very little evaporation in the boreal forests? A:
OPTIONS:
- too hot
- too humid
- high elevation
- temperature is too cold
output: temperature is too cold

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon (atomic number 6) has six electrons. Four of them fill the 1s and 2s orbitals. The remaining two electrons occupy the 2p subshell. We now have a choice of filling one of the 2p orbitals and pairing the electrons or of leaving the electrons unpaired in two different, but degenerate, p orbitals. The orbitals are filled as described by Hund's rule: the lowest-energy configuration for an atom with electrons within a set of degenerate orbitals is that having the maximum number of unpaired electrons. Thus, the two electrons in the carbon 2p orbitals have identical n, l, and ms quantum numbers and differ in their ml quantum number (in accord with the Pauli exclusion principle). The electron configuration and orbital diagram for carbon are:. Q: Subshells are subdivisions of what groupings of electrons that can be found surrounding atoms? A:

OPTIONS:
- globals
- analogous
- isotopes
- orbitals

A: orbitals

input: OPTIONS:
- concave cones
- edifice cones
- log cones
- cinder cones Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cinder cones are the smallest volcanic landform. They are formed from accumulation of many small fragments of ejected material. Q: What is the smallest volcanic landform that is formed from accumulation of many small fragments of ejected material? A:
A:
output: cinder cones

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Divergent plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges under water in every ocean basin. Q: What type of plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges in the ocean basin? A:

OPTIONS:
- coherent
- parallel
- tractional
- divergent

Answer: divergent

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: These vividly colored maple leaves were all bright green during the summer. Every fall, leaves of maple trees change to brilliant red, orange, and yellow colors. A change of color is a sign that a chemical change has taken place. Maple leaves change color because of chemical reactions. Q: What causes maple leaves to change their colors? A:

OPTIONS:
- artificial preservatives
- factor reactions
- radiation reactions
- chemical reactions

A:
chemical reactions