Answer the following question given this paragraph: Today, we known that characteristics of organisms are controlled by genes on chromosomes (see Figure below ). The position of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus . In sexually reproducing organisms, each individual has two copies of the same gene, as there are two versions of the same chromosome ( homologous chromosomes ). One copy comes from each parent. The gene for a characteristic may have different versions, but the different versions are always at the same locus. The different versions are called alleles . For example, in pea plants, there is a purple-flower allele ( B ) and a white-flower allele ( b ). Different alleles account for much of the variation in the characteristics of organisms. Q: Locus refers to the position of what on a chromosome, which controls the characteristics of an organism? A:
OPTIONS:
- genome
- gamete
- rna
- gene
gene

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chromosomal Alterations. Chromosomal alterations are major changes in the genetic material. Q: What term is used to describe major changes in the genetic material? A:
OPTIONS:
- generational alterations
- eukaryotic alterations
- mutational alterations
- chromosomal alterations

Answer: chromosomal alterations

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Alpha and beta decay occur when a nucleus has too many protons or an unstable ratio of protons to neutrons. When the nucleus emits a particle, it gains or loses one or two protons, so the atom becomes a different element. Gamma decay, in contrast, occurs when a nucleus is in an excited state and has too much energy to be stable. This often happens after alpha or beta decay has occurred. Because only energy is emitted during gamma decay, the number of protons remains the same. Therefore, an atom does not become a different element during this type of decay. Q: Alpha and beta decay occur when a nucleus has too many protons or an unstable ratio of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- electrons to neutrons
- atoms to neutrons
- nucleus to neutrons
- protons to neutrons
Answer: protons to neutrons

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The second shell holds a maximum of how many electrons? A:
OPTIONS:
- 9
- 12
- 6
- 8
output: 8

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: What explains buoyant force? Recall from the earlier lesson "Pressure of Fluids" that a fluid exerts pressure in all directions but the pressure is greater at greater depth. Therefore, the fluid below an object exerts greater force on the object than the fluid above the object. This is illustrated in Figure below . Buoyant force explains why objects may float in water. No doubt you've noticed, however, that some objects do not float in water. If buoyant force applies to all objects in fluids, why do some objects sink instead of float? The answer has to do with their weight. Q: What force explains why objects may float in water? A:

OPTIONS:
- warm force
- cool force
- gravity force
- buoyant force

A: buoyant force

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ulna The ulna is the medial bone of the forearm. It runs parallel to the radius, which is the lateral bone of the forearm (Figure 8.6). The proximal end of the ulna resembles a crescent wrench with its large, C-shaped trochlear notch. This region articulates with the trochlea of the humerus as part of the elbow joint. The inferior margin of the trochlear notch is formed by a prominent lip of bone called the coronoid process of the ulna. Just below this on the anterior ulna is a roughened area called the ulnar tuberosity. To the lateral side and slightly inferior to the trochlear notch is a small, smooth area called the radial notch of the ulna. This area is the site of articulation between the proximal radius and the ulna, forming the proximal radioulnar joint. The posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna make up the olecranon process, which forms the bony tip of the elbow. Q: What is the medial bone of the forearm that runs parallel to the radius? A:
OPTIONS:
- humerus
- fibula
- radius
- ulna
ulna