Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orderssuch as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Meritbut members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.

Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.

1. What did the Empire change to?
2. What were appointments based on?
3. Can the United Kingdom make nominations?
4. What were the appointments for?
5. Who was in charge of some states?
6. Which areas was that?
7. Did the Viceroy make nominations?
8. Where is he from?
9. How many leaves were on the emblem?
10. People belonging to what could wear that?
11. Could you become a member after death?
12. What replaced it?
13. When?
14. What happened to overseas nominations in areas with their own orders?
15. Could the still be appointed in the British areas?
16. What was the name of New Zealands group?
17. Did Canada have their own?
18. What about Australia?
19. What about China?
20. What could you get a promotion for?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. the Commonwealth
2. The nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire
3. Yes
4. Order of the British Empire
5. the monarch
6. Overseas
7. yes
8. India
9. Two
10. The Order for gallantry
11. No
12. The Queen's Gallantry Medal
13. 1974
14. They were discontinued
15. Yes
16. Order of Merit
17. yes
18. Yes, they did too
19. No
20. For gallantry or otherwise

Question: IPA Braille is the modern standard Braille encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as recognized by the International Council on English Braille.

A braille version of the IPA was first created by Merrick and Potthoff in 1934, and published in London. It was used in France, Germany, and anglophone countries. However, it was not updated as the IPA evolved, and by 1989 had become obsolete. In 1990 it was officially reissued by BAUK, but in a corrupted form that made it largely unworkable. In 1997 BANA created a completely new system for the United States and Canada. However, it was incompatible with braille IPA elsewhere in the world and in addition proved to be cumbersome and often inadequate. In 2008 Robert Englebretson revised the Merrick and Potthoff notation and by 2011 this had been accepted by BANA. It is largely true to the original in consonants and vowels, though the diacritics were completely reworked, as necessitated by the major revisions in print IPA diacritics since 1934. The diacritics were also made more systematic, and follow rather than precede the base letters. However, it has no general procedure for marking tone, and not all diacritics can be written.

IPA Braille does not use the conventions of English Braille. It is set off by slash or square brackets, which indicate that the intervening material is IPA rather than national orthography. Thus brackets are required in braille even when not used in print. 1. Does IPA Braille use the conventions of English Braille?
2. what indicates that the material is IPA?
3. are those brackets required?
4. what year did IPA become obsolete?
5. what is IPA?
6. where was it put into use?
7. where else?
8. who created it?
9. where was it first published?
10. when?
11. who reissued it?
12. was that version successful?
13. who created a completely new system?
14. when?
15. was it compatible withe Braille from other places?
16. what countries was it for?
17. who revised the Merrick and Pothoff version?
18. what did he completely rework?
19. was it accepted by BANA?
20. can all diacritics be written? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. No
2. It is set off by slash or square brackets
3. Yes
4. 1989
5. the modern standard Braille encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet
6. France
7. Germany
8. Merrick and Potthoff
9. London
10. 1934
11. BAUK
12. No
13. BANA
14. In 1997
15. No
16. the United States and Canada
17. Robert Englebretson
18. the diacritics
19. Yes
20. No

Q: Is getting a black belt on your life's to-do list? Then this elderly woman in San Francisco just might be your hero. Just two years before her 100th birthday, Sensei Keiko Fukuda has become the first woman to achieve a tenth-degree black belt --- the highest rank in Judo . Fukuda is now one of only four living people who have earned the tenth-degree black belt. Throughout history, only 16 people have ever achieved this honor. Fukuda began practicing Judo in 1935 and is the only surviving student of its founder, Kano Jiguro. At her teacher's requirement, she learned English to help spread Judo internationally. During a time when getting married, building a family and becoming a housewife were the norms ,Fukuda broke from tradition, continuing Judo instead of getting married. "All I did was Judo ... This was my marriage," Fukuda replied tearfully to the San Francisco Chronicle. "This is when my destiny was set. I just imagined how long the road would be." She described the Jiguro's school as "old-fashioned and sexist about belts and ranks". In fact, an edict that prevented women from achieving any higher than a fifth-degree black belt kept Fukuda at that level for 30 years. She finally got the sixth degree in 1972 when a women's division was created. Fukuda thinks Judo and her life to be "gentle, kind and beautiful, yet firm and strong, both mentally and physically". Fukuda says this kind of beauty is not external . She explained. "I believe this inner beauty is true beauty... All my life this has been my dream." Her dream was turned into reality, and the 98-year-old Sensei Keiko Fukuda continues to teach Judo three times a week at a women's Judo training center.

1. 98
2. English
3. 16
4. No
5. 1972
6. Yes
7. Inner beauty
8. Sensei Keiko Fukuda
9. Judo training center
10. San Francisco

Numbered questions:
1. How old was Keiko when she got the tenth-degree black belt?
2. What did she learn in order to help spread Judo?
3. How many people have achieved this honor?
4. Did she get married?
5. When did she reach the sixth degree?
6. Does she consider her life gentle?
7. What is true beauty to Fukuda?
8. Who started the art of Judo?
9. Where is she now?
10. What city is Fukuda in?