Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Input: Consider Input: In studies with rats and mice, Victoza ®️ and medicines that work like Victoza ®️ caused thyroid tumors, including thyroid cancer. It is not known if Victoza ®️ will cause thyroid tumors or a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in people. Who should not use Victoza ®️? Do not use Victoza ®️ if: These regimens often involve a long- or intermediate-acting insulin such as NPH insulin to provide a basal insulin level (a relatively steady background level of insulin throughout the day). A rapid- or short-acting insulin is added to provide bolus doses to control the spike in blood sugar that occurs after meals. Intermediate-acting insulin. What it's called: Humulin N (NPH), Novolin N (NPH) Intermediate-acting insulin can control blood sugar levels for about 12 hours or longer, so it can be used overnight. It begins to work within one to four hours, and peaks between four and 12 hours, depending on the brand. Humulin N (insulin isophane) is a man-made form of a hormone that is produced in the body. Insulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin isophane is an intermediate-acting insulin that starts to work within 2 to 4 hours after injection, peaks in 4 to 12 hours, and keeps working for 12 to 18 hours. Humulin N is used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. Think of it like little drops of insulin wrapped in a coating that slowly dissolved, letting the insulin work for 14 hours or so. The problem with NPH was that it looked a bit like the first leg of a rollercoaster, it had a high peak and a long tail. People with type 1 diabetes make very little or no insulin in their bodies. They must take insulin every day to stay alive. Type 2 Diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes do not make enough insulin or do not use it well enough. Some people with type 2 diabetes can use pills or other medicines that are injected into the body. Other people with type 2 also need insulin to help control their diabetes. Hey.. Was just wondering how long it takes for everyones insulin to kick in. Mine seems to take about 5 hours and was just wondering if anyone else took this long. Oh and I mean fast-acting.. At the moment i'm on Novorapid and if this is not 'normal' what I could do to improve the time taken. Other factors, such as your other health conditions, medication costs, and your daily schedule may play a role in what diabetes medicine you take. Type 1 diabetes If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes this hormone. You will need to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. This group includes insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levemir), and NPH (Humulin N and Novolin N). How Does Insulin Work? The graphs here show at a glance how long it takes for each type of insulin to begin working, when the dose reaches its peak, and how long it lasts. Insulin Basics. There are different types of insulin depending on how quickly they work, when they peak, and how long they last. Insulin is available in different strengths; the most common is U-100. All insulin available in the United States is manufactured in a laboratory, but animal insulin can still be imported for personal use. Query: how long does it take for nph to work

Output: It takes one to four hours for NPH, Normal pressure hydrocephalus to work.

Input: Consider Input: This complete lunar cycle (New Moon to New Moon) is also called a lunation. During this time the moon will completely circle the earth. That's the scientific definition, but you can take any phase; for instance a so-called full moon cycle would be from Full Moon to Full Moon. The calendar used earlier will appear, but on the right-hand side students can "Go to Lunar Cycle" where they can see images of a full lunar cycle and images of the main phases. You can choose to either have students use the esheet at the two-week point or wait until students have completed a full calendar. Hence the term golden number, still found in our almanacs, which denotes the year of the lunar cycle. Letters on Astronomy Denison Olmsted Thus, fourteen was the golden number for 1837, being the fourteenth year of the lunar cycle. Synodic months are 29 or 30 days in length, making a lunar year of 12 months about 11 days shorter than a solar year. Some lunar calendars do not use intercalation, such as most Islamic calendars. For those that do, such as the Hebrew calendar, the most common form of intercalation is to add an additional month every second or third year. A full lunar cycle lasts almost a month (about 29.5 days), and during that time the moon goes from new to crescent to first quarter to gibbous to full to gibbous to third quarter to crescent and back to new. However, a full moon, a new moon, ... To help students recognize that the moon looks a little different every day, but looks the same again about every four weeks, have them use the Moon Phases student esheet to go to the Lunar Cycle Calendar website. The New Moon is highest in the sky to an earthbound observer at (noon, sunset, midnight, sunrise). The Full Moon is highest in the sky to an earthbound observer at (noon, sunset, midnight, sunrise). Throughout the Lunar Cycle, the Moon will appear further (eastward, westward) in the sky at the same time each day. Therefore, to an earthbound observer, the time of day when the Moon is highest in the sky becomes progressively (earlier, later). However, misconceptions regarding the Moon's apparent change in shape still abound. Some believe that clouds or some other object cover up the Moon, blocking our view of part of it. This may happen, but it is not the mechanism behind the lunar cycle. Others believe that the shadow of Earth or some other object falls on the Moon's surface, causing the phases of the Moon. While the Moon does occasionally cross Earth's shadow, resulting in a lunar eclipse, shadows cast by Earth are not what cause lunar phases. Therefore, although mean Earth orbital eccentricity has a well-known effect on the short-term periodic variation of the length of the lunar cycle (find the word eccentricity on this page), it doesn't plausibly account for its long-term secular variation. In purely lunar calendars like the Islamic calendar, the lack of intercalation causes the lunar months to cycle through all the seasons of the Gregorian year over the course of a 33 lunar-year cycle. Query: how long is lunar cycle

Output: A full lunar cycle lasts almost a month about 29.5 days.

Input: Consider Input: Active and passive transport processes are two ways molecules and other materials move in and out of cells and cross intracellular membranes. Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient (from an area of lower to higher concentration), which does not ordinarily occur, so enzymes and energy are required. Passive transport is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher to lower concentration. There are multiple forms of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. Passive transport occurs because of the entropy of the system, so additional energy isn't required for it to occur. Compare. Both active and passive transport move materials and can cross biological membranes. Contrast Passive transport of water across a cell membrane. Movement of water is from a higher concentration of water (not solute) to lower concentration of water. Water passes easily through the lipid bilayer. Active transport to pump out water and/or solutes. Most cells in multicellular organisms are bathed in solutions that are not much different inside and out of the cell. Some unicellular organisms can move to different environments. In osmosis, the solvent (usually water) moves across a membrane to dilute the solute particles. 1 Article. 2 Article. 3 Article. 4 Article. 5 Article. 6 Article. 7 Article. 8 Article. 1. How do passive and active transport differ from each other? Passive transport Does not require the use of energy. Moves solutes and solvents across a cell membrane, from higher to lower concentration. Simple diffusion passive transport of small solutes thru the lipid bilayer. Facilitated diffusion transfer of larger molecules thru carrier or channel proteins. Osmosis diffusion of water thru the lipid bilayer. Active Transport a. Water will move out of the cell b. Water will move into the cell c. Fructose and glucose will move into the cell d. There will be no net movement of solutes e. There will be not net movement of water Contrast. 1 Active transport moves materials from lower to higher concentration, while passive transport moves materials from higher to lower concentration. 2 Active transport requires energy to proceed, while passive transport does not require the input of extra energy to occur. Active Transport Solutes move from a region of low concentration to high concentration. Active transport moves materials from lower to higher concentration, while passive transport moves materials from higher to lower concentration. Active transport requires energy to proceed, while passive transport does not require the input of extra energy to occur. Read and learn for free about the following article: Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Does not require the use of. energy. Moves solutes and solvents. across a cell membrane, from. higher to lower concentration. Simple diffusion passive. transport of small solutes thru. the lipid bilayer. Query: how does passive transport move
Output: Passive transport of water across a cell membrane. Movement of water is from a higher concentration of water to lower concentration of water. Water passes easily through the lipid bilayer.W