Answer the following question given this paragraph: The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth as -amylase breaks glycosidic linkages in carbohydrate molecules. Essentially no carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach, and food particles pass through to the small intestine, where -amylase and intestinal enzymes convert complex carbohydrate molecules (starches) to monosaccharides. The monosaccharides then pass through the lining of the small intestine and into the bloodstream for transport to all body cells. Protein digestion begins in the stomach as pepsinogen in gastric juice is converted to pepsin, the enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds. The partially digested protein then passes to the small intestine, where the remainder of protein digestion takes place through the action of several enzymes. The resulting amino acids cross the intestinal wall into the blood and are carried to the liver. Lipid digestion begins in the small intestine. Bile salts emulsify the lipid molecules, and then lipases hydrolyze them to fatty acids and monoglycerides. The hydrolysis products pass through the intestine and are repackaged for transport in the bloodstream. In cells that are operating aerobically, acetyl-CoA produced in stage II of catabolism is oxidized to carbon dioxide. The citric acid cycle describes this oxidation, which takes place with the formation of the coenzymes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). The sequence of reactions needed to oxidize these coenzymes and transfer the resulting electrons to oxygen is called the electron transport chain, or the respiratory chain. The compounds responsible for this series of oxidation-reduction reactions include proteins known ascytochromes, FeS proteins, and other molecules that ultimately result in the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Every time a compound with two carbon atoms is oxidized in the citric acid cycle, a respiratory chain compound accepts the electrons lost in the oxidation (and so is reduced) and then passes them on to the... Q: Protein digestion begins in the stomach as pepsinogen in gastric juice is converted to pepsin, the enzyme that hydrolyzes this? A:
OPTIONS:
- disulfide bridges
- hydrogen bonds
- ionic bonds
- peptide bonds
peptide bonds

Answer the following question given this paragraph: A camp fire is an example of basic thermochemistry. The reaction is initiated by the application of heat from a match. The reaction converting wood to carbon dioxide and water (among other things) continues, releasing heat energy in the process. This heat energy can then be used to cook food, roast marshmallows, or just keep warm when it's cold outside. Q: What kind of energy is released when the thermochemical reaction of a campfire converts wood to carbon dioxide and water? A:
OPTIONS:
- ultraviolet
- light
- smoke
- heat

Answer: heat

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The nitrogen cycle includes air, soil, and living things. Q: The nitrogen cycle includes air, soil, and what? A:
OPTIONS:
- water
- decomposers
- heat
- living things
Answer: living things

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Work is defined differently in physics than in everyday language. In physics, work means the use of force to move an object. The teens who are playing basketball in the picture above are using force to move their bodies and the basketball, so they are doing work. The teen who is studying isn't moving anything, so she isn't doing work. Not all force that is used to move an object does work. For work to be done, the force must be applied in the same direction that the object moves. If a force is applied in a different direction than the object moves, no work is done. The Figure below illustrates this point. Q: In physics, work means the use of what to move an object? A:
OPTIONS:
- mass
- energy
- leverage
- force
output: force

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Around 1850, a German doctor named Rudolf Virchow was observing living cells under a microscope. As he was watching, one of the cells happened to divide. Figure below shows a cell dividing, like the cell observed by Virchow. This was an "aha" moment for Virchow. He realized that living cells produce new cells by dividing. This was evidence that cells arise from other cells. Q: German doctor rudolf virchow first discovered what process when studying living cells under a microscope? A:

OPTIONS:
- radiation
- evolution
- photosynthesis
- cell division

A: cell division

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The surface tension of water is illustrated by a number of common occurrences. For example, water spiders are able to walk across bodies of water because of surface tension. Even though the spiders are denser than water, they do not sink, because the small amount of weight pressing down on the surface is not enough to break the strong hydrogen bonds that hold the surface together. Q: The ability of a water spider to walk across a body of water is an example of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- high density
- low gravity
- magnetism
- surface tension
surface tension