Problem: Information: - Spy fiction, a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device, emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies. It was given new impetus by the development of fascism and communism in the lead-up to World War II, continued to develop during the Cold War, and received a fresh impetus from the emergence of rogue states, international criminal organizations, global terrorist networks, maritime piracy and technological sabotage and espionage as potent threats to Western societies. - The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1963 Cold War spy novel by British author John le Carre. It depicts a British agent being sent to East Germany as a faux defector to sow disinformation about a powerful East German intelligence officer. With the aid of his unwitting English girlfriend, an idealistic communist, he allows himself to be recruited by the East Germans, but soon his charade unravels and he admits to still being a British agenta revelation that perversely achieves the ultimate objective of the mission. - Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a 1974 spy novel by British author John le Carre. It follows the endeavors of taciturn, ageing spymaster George Smiley to uncover a Soviet mole in the British Secret Intelligence Service. Since the time of its publication, the novel has received critical acclaim for its complex social commentary and lack of sensationalism, and remains a staple of the spy fiction genre. - Toby Esterhase is a fictional character in John le Carre 's George Smiley spy novels including Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ; The Honourable Schoolboy ; and Smiley 's People , as well as some of the stories in The Secret Pilgrim . He is a high - ranking officer in '' the Circus '' ( a British secret intelligence agency ) , eventually becoming head of '' lamplighters . '' - George Smiley is a fictional character created by John le Carre. Smiley is a career intelligence officer with "The Circus", the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels "Call for the Dead", "A Murder of Quality", "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "The Honourable Schoolboy", and "Smiley's People", and a supporting character in "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold", "The Looking Glass War" and "The Secret Pilgrim". What entity does 'toby esterhase' has the relation 'conflict' with?

A: cold war

Problem: Information: - Palaiseau is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Palaiseau is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Palaiseau. - Ecole Polytechnique (also known by the nickname "X") is a French public institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau near Paris. - Charles - Nicolas Peaucellier ( 16 June 1832 -- 4 October 1913 ) was a French engineer who graduated from the Ecole polytechnique . He made a career in the French army and was promoted to general de division in 1888 . He is best known for the Peaucellier -- Lipkin linkage which was partly named after him . What entity does 'charles-nicolas peaucellier' has the relation 'place of death' with?

A: paris

Problem: Information: - Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmal) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jamtland, Harjedalen and Bohuslan. - Sophia of Nassau (Sophia Wilhelmine Marianne Henriette, ; 9 July 1836 30 December 1913) was Queen consort of Sweden and Norway. Sophia was Queen of Sweden for 35 years, longer than any other Swedish queen before her. She was the longest serving queen until 2011 when she was surpassed by Queen Silvia. She is also the latest Queen of Sweden to have held the official title of Dowager Queen of Sweden. - An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. - Queen Silvia of Sweden ( Swedish pronunciation : ( ' slva ) ; born Silvia Renate Sommerlath on 23 December 1943 ) is the spouse of King Carl XVI Gustaf and mother of the heir apparent to the throne , Crown Princess Victoria . In 2011 , Silvia became the longest serving queen of Sweden , a record previously held by Sophia of Nassau . What entity does 'queen silvia of sweden' has the relation 'position held' with?

A:
queen consort