input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: which way did the first urban sprawl go? Context: The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Kafigturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.
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output: west
Please answer this: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: The people in Japan have more courage than the people near which sovereign nation? Context: Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (15061552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger." Xavier spent the years 15491551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: "The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines."
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Answer: Philippines
Problem: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What would a dog be doing if it saw a cat? Context: Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Geza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".

A: barking
Problem: Given the question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: How does an annelid lacking blood vessels differ from an annelid with blood vessels? Context: Annelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these systems use a two-stage filtration process, in which fluid and waste products are first extracted and these are filtered again to re-absorb any re-usable materials while dumping toxic and spent materials as urine. The difference is that protonephridia combine both filtration stages in the same organ, while metanephridia perform only the second filtration and rely on other mechanisms for the first in annelids special filter cells in the walls of the blood vessels let fluids and other small molecules pass into the coelomic fluid, where it circulates to the metanephridia. In annelids the points at which fluid enters the protonephridia or metanephridia are on the forward side of a septum while the second-stage filter and the nephridiopore (exit opening in the body wall) are in the following segment. As a result, the hindmost segment (before the growth zone and pygidium) has no structure that extracts its wastes, as there is no following segment to filter and discharge them, while the first segment contains an extraction structure that passes wastes to the second, but does not contain the structures that re-filter and discharge urine.
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The answer is:
those without use protonephridia
input question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: On which day was a higher temperature recorded, August 1, 1999 or June 2, 1985? Context: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 F (40 C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 F (14 C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 F (41 C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 F (14 C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 F (20 to 22 C).???
output answer: August 1, 1999
input question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What is that which covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its landmasses? Context: Tidewater glaciers are glaciers that terminate in the sea, including most glaciers flowing from Greenland, Antarctica, Baffin and Ellesmere Islands in Canada, Southeast Alaska, and the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve, forming icebergs. Most tidewater glaciers calve above sea level, which often results in a tremendous impact as the iceberg strikes the water. Tidewater glaciers undergo centuries-long cycles of advance and retreat that are much less affected by the climate change than those of other glaciers.???
output answer:
sea