In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: This equation's accuracy can be improved if used in conjunction with Lorentz-Hudson-McCoubrey combining rules for modeling interactions between unlike molecules. The trace of fluid-solid coexistence curves can be performed by utilizing Kofke's method for this equation's associated integration. This relation can serve as a test for consistency for the Hubbard approximation if the external magnetic field and chemical potential are chosen as its two intensive parameters. The Lewis-Randall rule relates this equation to Henry's Law, and the Clausius-Claperyon equation can be derived from this relation assuming the two phases are in equilibrium. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous equation that determines the relationship between changes in chemical potential for components in a system, named after a French energeticist and a Yale physicist.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: Many of its participants had been members of the Society of Salvation and the Society of Prosperity, both of which had been founded by Pavel Pestel, and which called for a Peoples Veche and a Supreme Sobor, though ultimately these folded into the Northern and Southern Societies. During it, Pyotr Kakhovsky assassinated Count Miloradovich, who had served on the Pratzen Heights, while Sergei Troubetzkoy was declared dictator. Calling for a Constitution and sparked by the abdication of Constantine I, it was put down by his brother Nicholas I and resulted in the last public executions in Russia. For ten points, name this 1825 revolt of idealistic military officers, named for the month in which it took place.
[EX A]:
History