In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Poor decision-making is a hallmark of addiction, whether to substances or activities. Performance on a widely used test of decision-making, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), can discriminate controls from persons with ventral medial frontal lesions, substance-dependence, and pathological gambling. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies indicate that substance-dependent individuals show altered prefrontal activity on the task. Here we adapted the IGT to an fMRI setting to test the hypothesis that defects in ventral medial and prefrontal processing are associated with impaired decisions that involve risk but may differ depending on whether substance dependence is comorbid with gambling problems.', '18 controls, 14 substance-dependent individuals (SD), and 16 SD with gambling problems (SDPG) underwent fMRI while performing a modified version of the IGT.', 'Group differences were observed in ventral medial frontal, right frontopolar, and superior frontal cortex during decision-making. Controls showed the greatest activity, followed by SDPG, followed by SD.\Question: Is prefrontal cortex activity reduced in gambling and nongambling substance users during decision-making?
[EX A]: Our results support a hypothesis that defects in ventral medial frontal processing lead to impaired decisions that involve risk. Reductions in right prefrontal activity during decision-making appear to be modulated by the presence of gambling problems and may reflect impaired working memory, stimulus reward valuation, or cue reactivity in substance-dependent individuals.

[EX Q]: Context: Helicobater (H.) pylori eradication rates with standard first-line triple therapy have declined to unacceptable levels. To date, amoxicillin-resistant H. pylori strains have rarely been detected. Whether increasing the dosage of amoxicillin in a standard 7 days eradicating regimen may enhance its efficacy is not known. The aim of this paper is to compare the efficacy of a 7 days high-dose amoxicillin based first-line regimen with sequential therapy.', 'We have retrospectively analyzed data from 300 sex and age matched patients, who underwent 3 different therapeutic schemes: (1) standard LCA, lansoprazole 30 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid and amoxicillin 1000 mg bid for 7 days; (2) high dose LCA (HD-LCA), lansoprazole 30 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid and amoxicillin 1000 mg tid for 7 days; (3) sequential LACT, lansoprazole 30 mg bid plus amoxicillin 1000 mg bid for 5 days, followed by lansoprazole 30 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid and tinidazole 500 mg bid for 5 days. Eradication was confirmed by 13C-urea breath test. Compliance and occurrence of adverse effects were also assessed.', 'Eradication rates were: 55% for LCA, 75% for HD-LCA and 73% for LACT. Eradication rates were higher in HD-LCA group compared to LCA (p<0.01), while no significant differences were observed in HD-LCA group compared to LACT (p=ns). Compliance and occurrence of adverse effects were similar among groups.\Question: Is high dose amoxicillin-based first line regimen equivalent to sequential therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection?
[EX A]: High-dose amoxicillin based eradicating treatment is superior to standard triple therapy and equivalent to sequential therapy; compared to the latter, the shorter duration may represent an advantage.

[EX Q]: Context: Treatment of implant-associated osteomyelitis regularly involves the use of systemic antibiotics in addition to surgical intervention. However, it remains unclear if perioperative systemic application of bactericide substances can improve overall outcome in models of severe intramedullary infection. The present study investigated the use of systemic gentamicin in addition to a controlled local release from a highly lipophilic gentamicinpalmitate compound while the previous study showed efficacy of sole antibiotic implant-coating.', 'Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups receiving an intramedullary femoral injection of 10(2) CFU of a common methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain (MSSA Rosenbach). Group I received an uncoated implant whereas group II received a coated implant. All animals received a single shot intraperitoneal application of gentamicinsulfate directly after wound closure while the historical control group III (n=20) had no antibiotic treatment at all. Animals were observed for 28 and 42days. Serum haptoglobin and relative weight gain were assessed as well as roll over cultures of explanted femur nails and histological scores of periprosthetic infection in dissected femora.', 'Systemic application of gentamicin combined with antibiotic-coated implant did not further reduce bacterial growth significantly compared with systemic or local antibiotic application alone. Combined local and systemic therapy reduced serum haptoglobin significantly after day 7, 28 and 42 whereas systemic application alone did not compare to controls.\Question: Does systemic antibiotic therapy significantly improve outcome in a rat model of implant-associated osteomyelitis induced by Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus?
[EX A]:
Systemic perioperative and implant-associated application of antibiotics were both comparably effective to treat implant-associated infections whereas the combined antibiotic therapy further reduced systemic signs of infection time dependent.