Article: The formula for calculating percentage error is simple: [(|Approximate Value - Exact Value|) / Exact Value] x 100. You will use this as a reference to plug in the two values you need to know. The approximate value is your estimated value, and the exact value is the real value. For example, if you guess that there will be 9 oranges in a bag, but there are actually 10, 9 is the approximate value, and 10 is your exact value. In the example of oranges, you will subtract 10 (the exact value) from 9 (the estimated value). In this case, the result is 9 - 10 = -1. This difference is considered the magnitude of difference in approximate and estimated values. This begins to tell you how far off the results were from what they were expected to be. Since the formula uses the absolute value of the difference, you can discard a negative sign. In this example, -1 will become just 1. In the oranges example, 9 - 10 = -1. The absolute value of -1, written as |-1|, is 1. If your result is positive, leave the number as it is. For example, 12 apples (approximate) - 10 apples (exact) = 2. The absolute value of 2 (|2|) is just 2. In statistics, taking the absolute value simply means you don't care which direction your guess was off (either too highpositiveor too lownegative). You just want to know how far off the estimate was from the exact value. Either with a calculator or by hand, divide the top number by the absolute value of your exact variable. In this example, the exact value is already positive, so you just need to divide 1 (from the previous step) by 10 (the exact number of oranges). For this example, 1/|10| = 1/10. In some cases, the exact value might be a negative number to begin with. If this is the case, you want to ignore the negative (i.e. take the absolute value of the exact number).
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Write down the formula for percentage error. Subtract the exact value from the approximate one. Find the absolute value of the top result. Divide that result by the absolute exact value.
Article: Using acupressure on the area around your nose may be able to relieve congestion and headaches that come from having a runny nose. Clearing the mucus from your nose is the best way to get it to stop running, so gently blow your nose into tissues when you need to. If your nose is extremely runny, rip a tissue in half, roll the pieces into 2 small balls, and place one in each nostril. Breathe normally, or through your mouth. To ease the pressure in your nose and help it stop running, take a hot bath or shower and let the room get steamy. You can also drape a towel over your head and lean over a pot or bowl of hot water, or turn on a hot shower and simply sit in your bathroom without actually getting in. Do this 2-4 times per day. You can also use a vaporizer or humidifier for the same effect. For an extra kick, add eucalyptus oil, camphor spirit, or peppermint oil. Pour a bit into your bowl of hot water, or flick some around your shower before you turn it on. Dip a washcloth into warm water, or run it under the sink until it's saturated. Wring it out until it's just damp, then place it over your face for 2-3 minutes. You can also wet the wash cloth, then heat it up in the microwave for 30-45 seconds, or until it's warm. Resting is important when your body is fighting off annoying symptoms like a runny nose. When you lie down to rest, prop your head up on a couple of pillows to encourage the fluids in your nose to drain naturally. This position will also help you breathe easier. Keeping your body hydrated encourages the fluids in your nose to drain away, which will help your nose stop running. Try to drink a glass of water every hour or so, and mix in hot liquids like herbal tea or even soup to soothe your nose even more. Mix 1 cup (240ml) of warm water, tsp (3 g) of salt, and a pinch of baking soda. Use a syringe, a small spray bottle, or a neti pot to apply the saline spray to the inside of your nose 3-4 times a day. Be careful not to overuse your saline spray, which can actually make your runny nose worse.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Treat sinus pain and congestion with light acupressure. Sniff, swallow, or gently blow your nose to clear out fluids. Try an at-home steam treatment. Place a warm, wet washcloth on your face to ease the pressure in your nose. Keep your head elevated when you lie down to ease congestion. Drink lots of water and warm liquids to help the mucus drain. Make your own saline spray to clear out mucus.
Article: This briefly describes the content of your report and answers the question "What did you do, why did you do it, and what did you learn?" It should not be longer than a half page. You may find it easier to write the abstract after you've finished the body of the paper. However, the abstract will come before the body in the final report. This section will provide some background information about the topic of your report. If you need to include a literature review, it will go here as well. In the introduction, describe the problem or topic your report investigated. This could be a scientific issue, such as the rate of growth of mealworms, or a current affairs topic, such as increased security in airports. Summarize relevant research, but don't let it take over the introduction. The bulk of your report should be your work, not discussion of others'. If you performed an experiment and are writing the report about it, describe your experiment in the introduction. In scientific writing, this is often presented in a section called "Methods." In this section, explain what procedures, materials, etc. you used. You can order your methods chronologically, starting with what you did first. Alternately, you can group them by type, which may work better for humanities research. Use past tense to describe the actions you took. In this section, you present your observations, or the results of your methods. You'll need to describe the experiment or procedure briefly (use less detail than you did in the Methods section) and report the main results. You can present the results in several different ways. You can organize them from most to least important, from simplest to more complex, or by type. Don't interpret your results here. You will do that in the next section. This is the meat of your report. It's where you analyze your results and tell the reader what they mean. Summarize the most important findings at the beginning of the discussion. You can go into further detail in subsequent paragraphs. Explain the relationship between your results and the previous scholarly literature. Note what additional research would help fill in gaps in your research or resolve any problems. Explain the broader relevance of your results. This is called answering the "So what?" question. What do your discoveries mean? Why are they useful and important? In some reports, you may be asked to wrap up with a separate conclusion that reminds the reader of the most important points. For many reports, however, you can conclude your report at the end of the Discussion section.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Start with the abstract. Write the introduction. Present your methods or the focus of your analysis. Present your results. Discuss your data.