instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: P53 is a key protein which controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Auto-antibodies against p53 have been detected in some cancer patients and also in patients with autoimmune diseases. In these patients, the main cause of anti-p53 antibody occurrence was considered to be increased intracellular p53 protein in cancer cells and autoreactive lymphocytes, respectively. Intracellular p53 also increases with cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure and autoreactive lymphocytes play a role in the course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that anti-p53 antibody response may also occur in patients with heart failure due to ICM and IDC.', 'The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM.', '70 eligible patients with heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (mean fractional shortening 12.03 +/- 3.93%) were included in the study. The aetiology of heart failure was IDC in 26 patients and ICM in 44 patients, according to the angiographic and echocardiographic findings.', 'Anti-p53 antibodies were not detected in any of the patients.\Question: Do serum anti-p53 antibodies occur in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies?
answer:
Anti-p53 antibodies do not occur in patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM, possible explanations are discussed in the text.

question:
Context: In maternal trauma, the Kleihauer-Betke (KB) test has traditionally been used to detect transplacental hemorrhage (TPH), so that Rh-negative women could receive appropriate Rh immune prophylaxis. Reasoning that the magnitude of TPH would reflect uterine injury, we evaluated Kleihauer-Betke testing as an independent predictor of preterm labor (PTL) after maternal trauma.', 'Admissions to the Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, from January 1996 to January 2002, were reviewed. Of 30,362 trauma patients admitted, 166 were pregnant, and 93 of these underwent electronic fetal monitoring. Their records were abstracted for demographics, injury type, three separate trauma scores, documented uterine contractions, PTL (contractions with progressive cervical change), and serious perinatal complications. In 71 cases, transplacental hemorrhage was assessed by maternal KB test.', 'TPH, defined as KB-positive for greater than 0.01 mL of fetal blood in the maternal circulation, occurred in 46 women. Forty-four had documented contractions (25 had overt PTL) and 2 had no contractions. In 25 women with a negative KB test, none had uterine contractions. All patients with contractions or PTL had positive KB tests. By logistic regression, KB test result was the single risk factor associated with PTL (p < 0.001; likelihood ratio, 20.8 for positive KB test). Compared with other sites, abdominal trauma was associated more often with uterine contractions (p < 0.001), PTL (p = 0.001), and a positive KB test (p < 0.001, chi). None of the trauma scoring systems predicted PTL.\Question: Is kleihauer-betke testing important in all cases of maternal trauma?
answer:
Kleihauer-Betke testing accurately predicts the risk of preterm labor after maternal trauma. Clinical assessment does not. With a negative KB test, posttrauma electronic fetal monitoring duration may be limited safely. With a positive KB test, the significant risk of PTL mandates detailed monitoring. KB testing has important advantages to all maternal trauma victims, regardless of Rh status.

question:
Context: Raised levels of plasma cell-free DNA have been detected in various patient groups, including trauma patients. We hypothesized that plasma DNA is increased in burn patients and may represent an objective indicator of burn severity and have predictive as well as prognostic significance.', 'This was a prospective clinical study with full ethical approval. With informed consent, blood samples were collected from 28 burn patients within 24 h of injury and from 12 control subjects. Plasma cell-free DNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the beta-globin gene. Descriptive analysis, non-parametric data comparison tests (Mann-Whitney) and correlation tests (Spearman rank) were performed on the data.', 'Samples were taken at a mean time of 5.7 h after injury from 13 patients with flame/flash burns and 15 patients with scalds. Median plasma DNA levels in the control, scald and flame/flash burn patient groups were 287, 648 and 2685 kilogenome-equivalents/L, respectively. Plasma DNA levels correlated with the length of hospital stay, but not with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) nor the length of ICU stay. DNA levels correlated with the burn surface area (Spearman rank r = 0.54, p = 0.04) and the number of operations needed (Spearman rank r = 0.55, p = 0.03) for scalds, but not for flame/flash burns.\Question: Do plasma cell-free DNA as an indicator of severity of injury in burn patients?
answer:
Plasma DNA is increased after burn injury and is significantly correlated with some outcome measures, including the length of hospital stay. DNA levels are higher in flame/flash patients than in scald patients; the difference may provide an objective indication of burn depth and inhalation injury.