Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemists are involved in the design and production of new materials. Some of the materials that chemists have helped discover or develop in recent years include polymers, ceramics, adhesives, coatings, and liquid crystals. Liquid crystals are used in electronic displays, as in watches and calculators. The silicon-based computer chip has revolutionized modern society and chemists have played a key role in their design and continued improvement. The calculator shown below uses both a liquid crystal display and chips inside the device. Q: Polymers, ceramics, adhesives, coatings, and liquid crystals are examples of materials recently discovered or developed by what type of scientists? A:

OPTIONS:
- material scientists
- engineers
- geologists
- chemists

Answer: chemists

Problem: OPTIONS:
- plasma
- water
- metal
- liquid
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As expected, the entropy values for solids are low, the values for gases are high, and the ones for liquids are intermediate. Another observation can be made by looking at the three hydrocarbon gases at the end of the table. For similar molecules, a higher molecular weight generally leads to a larger standard entropy value. Although this is a drastic oversimplification, we can think of this in terms of the electrons that make up each molecule. A larger molecular weight generally means more protons, which also means more electrons. There are more ways to arrange a large number of electrons within a molecule than there are to arrange a smaller number. Although these arrangements are heavily constrained by the positions of the various nuclei, there is still an overall trend for larger molecules to have higher entropy values. Q: Which state of matter has an intermediate level of entropy between solid and gas? A:
Answer: liquid

Problem:OPTIONS:
- gold
- seawater
- iron
- salt

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sodium is a highly reactive metal, and chlorine is a poisonous gas (see Figure below ). The compound they synthesize has very different properties. It is table salt, which is neither reactive nor poisonous. In fact, salt is a necessary component of the human diet. Q: Sodium and chlorine combine to make what? A:
****
A: salt

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The last property above requires some additional explanation. We are all familiar with the process of dissolution on a large scale. If you stir a spoonful of salt into a glass of water, the salt crystals are broken down and seem to disappear into the water. On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occurs when water interacts with the ions in the crystal lattice, causing the lattice to break apart ( Figure below ):. Q: On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occurs when water interacts with the what in the crystal lattice? A:
OPTIONS:
- atoms
- fractals
- particles
- ions
ions

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electromagnetic waves differ in their wavelengths and frequencies. The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater its energy. The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and frequency, so a wave with a shorter wavelength has a higher frequency, and vice versa. Q: The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and what else? A:
OPTIONS:
- height
- resonance
- density
- frequency

Answer: frequency

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: High-density materials are much more effective protection against gamma emissions than low-density ones. Gamma rays are usually blocked effectively by lead shielding. The thickness of the shielding will determine the effectiveness of the protection offered by the lead. Q: What element is typically used to shield things from gamma rays? A:
OPTIONS:
- gold
- silver
- aluminum
- lead
output:
lead