Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Dilution of the products with water, followed by filtration to remove calcium sulfate, gives a dilute acid solution contaminated with calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and other compounds associated with calcium phosphate rock. It is possible to prepare pure orthophosphoric acid by dissolving P4O10 in water. The action of water on P4O6, PCl3, PBr3, or PI3 forms phosphorous acid, H3PO3 (shown in Figure 18.53). The best method for preparing pure phosphorous acid is by hydrolyzing phosphorus trichloride: PCl 3(l) + 3H 2 O(l) H 3 PO 3(aq) + 3HCl(g) Heating the resulting solution expels the hydrogen chloride and leads to the evaporation of water. When sufficient water evaporates, white crystals of phosphorous acid will appear upon cooling. The crystals are deliquescent, very soluble in water, and have an odor like that of garlic. The solid melts at 70.1 C and decomposes at about 200 C by disproportionation into phosphine and orthophosphoric acid: 4H 3 PO 3(l) PH 3(g) + 3H 3 PO 4(l). Q: The best method for preparing pure phosphorous acid is by hydrolyzing what? A:
OPTIONS:
- dioxide trichloride
- carbon trichloride
- dioxide phosphat
- phosphorus trichloride
Answer: phosphorus trichloride

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Artificial Methods of Asexual Reproduction These methods are frequently employed to give rise to new, and sometimes novel, plants. They include grafting, cutting, layering, and micropropagation. Grafting Grafting has long been used to produce novel varieties of roses, citrus species, and other plants. In grafting, two plant species are used; part of the stem of the desirable plant is grafted onto a rooted plant called the stock. The part that is grafted or attached is called the scion. Both are cut at an oblique angle (any angle other than a right angle), placed in close contact with each other, and are then held together Figure 32.26. Matching up these two surfaces as closely as possible is extremely important because these will be holding the plant together. The vascular systems of the two plants grow and fuse, forming a graft. After a period of time, the scion starts producing shoots, and eventually starts bearing flowers and fruits. Grafting is widely used in viticulture (grape growing) and the citrus industry. Scions capable of producing a particular fruit variety are grated onto root stock with specific resistance to disease. Q: During grafting, the part of the plant that is grafted is called? A:
OPTIONS:
- roots
- stock
- stem
- scion
output: scion

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Humans have collected and grown mushrooms for food for thousands of years. Figure below shows some of the many types of mushrooms that people eat. Yeasts are used in bread baking and brewing alcoholic beverages. Other fungi are used in fermenting a wide variety of foods, including soy sauce, tempeh, and cheeses. Blue cheese has its distinctive appearance and flavor because of the fungus growing though it (see Figure below ). Q: What grows through blue cheese that gives it the distinctive appearance and flavor? A:

OPTIONS:
- Viruses
- Roots
- Bacteria
- fungus

A: fungus

input: OPTIONS:
- pancreas
- aorta
- lungs
- kidneys Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs just above the waist. A cross-section of a kidney is shown in Figure below . The function of the kidney is to filter blood and form urine. Urine is the liquid waste product of the body that is excreted by the urinary system. Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidneys. A single kidney may have more than a million nephrons!. Q: What is the pair of bean-shaped organs situated just above the waist? A:
A:
output: kidneys

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When was the last time you enjoyed yogurt on your breakfast cereal, or had a tetanus shot? These experiences may appear unconnected, but both relate to bacteria which do not use oxygen to make ATP. In fact, tetanus bacteria cannot survive if oxygen is present. However, Lactobacillus acidophilus (bacteria which make yogurt) and Clostridium tetani (bacteria which cause tetanus or lockjaw) share with nearly all organisms the first stage of cellular respiration, glycolysis ( Figure below ). Because glycolysis is universal, whereas aerobic (oxygen-requiring) cellular respiration is not, most biologists consider it to be the most fundamental and primitive pathway for making ATP. Q: What is the first stage of cellular respiration called? A:

OPTIONS:
- appetite
- reproduction
- photosynthesis
- glycolysis

Answer: glycolysis

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Respiration begins with ventilation. This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The lungs are the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air. Q: What is the organ in which gas exchanges take place between blood and air? A:

OPTIONS:
- heart
- skin
- kidney
- lungs

A:
lungs