Answer the following question given this paragraph: Epistasis is when a gene at one location (locus) alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus. Epistasis takes place when the action of one gene is modified by one or several other genes. These genes are sometimes called modifier genes . The gene whose phenotype is expressed is said to be epistatic , while the phenotype that is altered is said to be hypostatic . Sometimes hypostatic phenotypes are completely suppressed. Epistatic genes are not dominant over the genes they alter or suppress. Dominance refers to an interaction between alleles of the same gene, not different genes. Q: What is it called when a gene at one location (locus) alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus? A:

OPTIONS:
- exogenous
- epigenesis
- spontaneous mutation
- epistasis

Answer: epistasis

Answer the following question given this paragraph: An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Figure below shows how this happens. Q: What bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions? A:

OPTIONS:
- Protonic
- Electric
- magnetic
- ionic

Answer: ionic

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Visible light is the only light that humans can see. Different wavelengths of visible light appear as different colors. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths. They also have the least amount of energy. Infrared light has wavelengths too long for humans to see, but we can feel them as heat. The atmosphere absorbs the infrared light. Ultraviolet (UV) light is in wavelengths too short for humans to see. The most energetic UV light is harmful to life. The atmosphere absorbs most of this UV light from the Sun. Gamma rays have the highest energy and they are the most damaging rays. Fortunately, gamma rays don't penetrate Earth's atmosphere. Q: What is the only light that humans can see? A:

OPTIONS:
- dark light
- distinct light
- bright light
- visible light

Answer: visible light

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure below shows how phospholipid molecules are arranged in a cell membrane. One end (the head) of each phospholipid molecule is polar and attracts water. This end is called hydrophilic ("water loving"). The other end (the tail) is nonpolar and repels water. This end is called hydrophobic ("water hating"). The nonpolar tails are on the inside of the membrane. The polar heads are on the outside of the membrane. These differences in polarity allow some molecules to pass through the membrane while keeping others out. You can see how this works in the video at the URL below. Q: The end of the phospholipid molecule that is polar and attracts water is called what? A:

OPTIONS:
- cytosolic
- hydrophobic
- magnetic
- hydrophilic

Answer:
hydrophilic