Problem: Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. However, monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass.

Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water. It is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation and consequently the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog. At even higher low earth orbit altitudes, sufficient atomic oxygen is present to cause erosion for spacecraft.
1. What is the article about?
2. What is its symbol?
3. it's numeral?
4. is it abundant?
5. how does it rank?
6. What is more abundant?
7. What makes up O2?
8. What seems to be lowering earths levels of O2?
9. Does O2 exist inside our planet?
10. How is O2 released by plants? What process?
11. What is O3?
12. Where is this found?
13. Is it found near the face of the planet?
14. What is this called?
15. Does smog cause this?
16. What can erode space vehicles?
17. At what level?
Answer: 1. Oxygen
2. O
3. Eight
4. Yes
5. third
6. hydrogen and helium
7. two atoms of oxygen
8. fossil-fuel burning
9. Yes
10. photosynthesis
11. ozone
12. high-altitude
13. Yes
14. a pollutant
15. Yes
16. atomic oxygen
17. higher low earth orbit altitudes

Problem: Imagine that you are the first person ever to see Hawaii. What would be the first thing you would set foot on? The beach, naturally. There are hundreds of miles of beaches on the twenty islands of Hawaii. These islands cover 1,600 miles and are about 2,300 miles west of California. Most of them are covered with fine white sand. They are thought to be among the finest beaches in the world. Another wonderful thing about the beaches of Hawaii is the water temperature. The year-round average temperature of the water at the famous Waikiki Beach is 230C! The same is true of air temperature. In fact, there are no real seasons in Hawaii. There is a difference of only two or three degrees between the hottest day of summer and the coldest day of winter. That's why the Hawaiians don't have a word for weather in their language. Perhaps the nicest thing about Hawaiian beaches are the waves. The earliest settlers in Hawaii, the Polynesians, quickly learned how much fun it was to ride the waves. They developed a sport which is now very popular on the islands called body surfing. You go out into the ocean, wait for a big wave to come towards you, jump on it, and ride it all the way to the beach. Now imagine once again that you are the first person ever to set foot in Hawaii. What do you think would be the second beautiful thing you would notice? Would it be those strange triangles rising out of the water hundreds and hundreds of meters high? What are those beautiful things? They are volcanoes , of course. These volcanoes are not just a part of the islands. They made the islands at first. Because of them the islands are still growing. The most famous volcano on Hawaii is Mauna Loa. It is the world's most active volcano. It has been erupting for thousands of years. Even when it isn't erupting, smoke comes out of the earth from a thousand little holes. In 1950 Mauna Loa erupted for twenty-three days. That erupting produced the greatest amount of lava in modern history. In 1960 it erupted again. That time it added a kilometer of beach to the island. Because Mauna Loa has erupted so often, it has become the biggest (but not the tallest) mountain in the world. These volcanoes could be dangerous to the population of Hawaii. In fact, Hilo, the second largest city in Hawaii, is built just under Mauna Loa. The volcano could erupt at any time. Most people believe that it will erupt sometime in the next twenty-five years. But the people of Hilo do not seem worried. They live with the danger as part of their lives.
1. How many islands does Hawaii have?
2. How many miles of beaches?
3. how many miles west of California?
4. Do Hawaiian's have a word for weather?
5. who were the earliest settlers there?
6. are there strange circles coming out of the water?
7. What are the beautiful triangles?
8. How often does Mauna Loa erupt?
9. Is it the biggest mountain in the world?
10. Is it the tallest?
11. Are these volcanoes dangerous?
12. are the people of Hilo worried?
13. what do they live with as a part of their lives?
Answer: 1. 20
2. hundreds
3. 2300
4. no
5. Polynesians
6. no
7. volcanoes
8. 23 days
9. yes
10. no
11. yes
12. no
13. the danger

Problem: A pub /pb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England.

The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.

Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafes, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.
1. What does a public house sell?
2. to who?
3. What is described as the heart of England?
4. what is the pub considered to the community?
5. Are pubs and bars the same?
6. What do they offer?
7. Do they have windows?
8. what do they look like?
9. why?
10. Has that changed recently?
11. when?
12. What changed then?
13. why?
14. Where is the history of pubs traced back to?
15. what was the name of the ale house?
16. Who wrote about the heart of england?
Answer:
1. alcohol
2. public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public
3. the pub
4. focal point
5. No
6. range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks.
7. Yes
8. frosted glass
9. to obscure the clientele from the street
10. Yes
11. the 1990s
12. move towards clear glass
13. in keeping with brighter interiors.
14. Roman taverns
15. Anglo-Saxon
16. Samuel Pepys