Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon is a nonmetal in group 14 of the periodic table. Like other group 14 elements, carbon has four valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonds. The valence electrons of carbon are shown in the electron dot diagram in the Figure below . Q: What do you call the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonds? Choices: - force electrons - helium electrons - transitions electrons - valence electrons A:
valence electrons
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: pressure and maintaining blood flow. Ultimately, however, blood volume will need to be restored, either through physiological processes or through medical intervention. In response to blood loss, stimuli from the baroreceptors trigger the cardiovascular centers to stimulate sympathetic responses to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction. This typically prompts the heart rate to increase to about 180200 contractions per minute, restoring cardiac output to normal levels. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles increases vascular resistance, whereas constriction of the veins increases venous return to the heart. Both of these steps will help increase blood pressure. Sympathetic stimulation also triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which enhance both cardiac output and vasoconstriction. If blood loss were less than 20 percent of total blood volume, these responses together would usually return blood pressure to normal and redirect the remaining blood to the tissues. Additional endocrine involvement is necessary, however, to restore the lost blood volume. The angiotensin-reninaldosterone mechanism stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus, which increases fluid consumption to help restore the lost blood. More importantly, it increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water, reducing water loss in urine output. The kidneys also increase the production of EPO, stimulating the formation of erythrocytes that not only deliver oxygen to the tissues but also increase overall blood volume. Figure 20.21 summarizes the responses to loss of blood volume. Q: Sympathetic stimulation also triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which enhance both cardiac output and what else? Choices: - vasodilation - inhibition - digestion - vasoconstriction A:
(Answer)
vasoconstriction
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In ex vivo gene therapy, done outside the body, cells are removed from the patient and the proper gene is inserted using a virus as a vector. The modified cells are placed back into the patient. Q: What is used as a vector for gene insertion in ex vivo gene therapy? Choices: - typhus - penicillin - bacteria - virus A:
Ans: virus
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The rising air cools as it goes higher in the atmosphere. If it is moist, the water vapor may condense. Clouds may form, and precipitation may fall. Q: Does air temperature increase or decrease as it rises higher in the atmosphere? Choices: - both - increase - neither - decrease A:
(A).
decrease
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The rocks in this photo of the Grand Canyon are all sedimentary. Hard rocks that are resistant to weathering form cliffs. Softer rocks that weather more easily form slopes. Q: In places like the grand canyon, hard rocks that are resistant to weathering form what, while softer rocks that weather more easily form slopes? Choices: - valleys - peaks - crevasses - cliffs A:

Ans:cliffs
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 7.4 The Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs. It is composed of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium and body are joined at the sternal angle, which is also the site for attachment of the second ribs. Ribs are flattened, curved bones and are numbered 112. Posteriorly, the head of the rib articulates with the costal facets located on the bodies of thoracic vertebrae and the rib tubercle articulates with the facet located on the vertebral transverse process. The angle of the ribs forms the most posterior portion of the thoracic cage. The costal groove in the inferior margin of each rib carries blood vessels and a nerve. Anteriorly, each rib ends in a costal cartilage. True ribs (17) attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilage. The false ribs (812) either attach to the sternum indirectly or not at all. Ribs 810 have their costal cartilages attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. The floating ribs (1112) are short and do not attach to the sternum or to another rib. Q: What cage composed of 12 pairs of ribs, with their costal cartilages and the sternum, protects the heart and lungs? Choices: - sacral - lumbar - cervical - thoracic A:
thoracic