In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Example Input: OF CONFLICTS.

To the extent permitted by law, disagreements or conflicts between
or among agency heads or between OMB and any agency that cannot be
resolved by the Administrator of OIRA shall be resolved by the
President or a designee of the President.

SEC. 8. PUBLICATION.

Except to the extent required by law, an agency shall not publish
in the Federal Register or otherwise issue to the public any regulatory
action that is subject to review under section 6 until--
(1) the Administrator of OIRA notifies the agency that OIRA
has waived its review of the action or has completed its review
without any requests for further consideration, or
(2) the applicable time period in section 6(b)(2) expires
without OIRA having notified the agency that it is returning
the regulatory action for further consideration under section
6(b)(3),
whichever occurs first. If the terms of the preceding sentence have not
been satisfied and an agency wants to publish or otherwise issue a
regulatory action, the head of that agency may request Presidential
consideration through the Administrator of OIRA, as provided under
section 8. Upon receipt of this request, the Administrator of OIRA
shall notify the Advisers. The guidelines and time period set forth in
section 8 shall apply to the publication of regulatory actions for
which Presidential consideration has been sought.

SEC. 9. AGENCY AUTHORITY.

Nothing in this Act shall be construed as displacing the agencies'
authority or responsibilities, as authorized by law.

SEC. 10. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

Nothing in this Act shall affect any otherwise available judicial
review of agency action. This Act is intended only to improve the
internal management of the Federal Government and does not create any
right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or
equity by a party against the United States, its agencies or
instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act:
(1) The term ''Advisers'' refers to such regulatory policy
advisers to the President as the President and the
Administrator of OIRA may from time to time consult, including,
among others--
(A) the Director of OMB;
(B) the Chair (or another member) of the Council of
Economic Advisers;
(C) the Assistant to the President for Economic
Policy;
(D) the Assistant to the President for Domestic
Policy;
(E) the Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs;
(F) the Assistant to the President for Science and
Technology;
(G) the Assistant to the President for
Intergovernmental Affairs;
(H) the Assistant to the President and Staff
Secretary;
(I) the Assistant to the President and Chief of
Staff to the Administrator of OIRA;
(J) the Assistant to the President and Counsel to
the President; and
(K) the Deputy Assistant to the President and
Director of the White House Office on Environmental
Policy.
(2) Except as provided in section 4(f), the term ''agency''
means any authority of the United States that is an ''agency''
under section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, other
than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as
defined in section 3502(10) of title 44, United States Code.
(3) The term ''Director'' means the Director of OMB.
(4) The term ''regulation'' or ''rule'' means an agency
statement of general applicability and future effect, which the
agency intends to have the force and effect of law, that is
designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or
to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an
agency. It does not, however, include--
(A) regulations or rules issued in accordance with
the formal rulemaking provisions of sections 556 and
557 of title 5, United States Code;
(B) regulations or rules that pertain to a military
or foreign affairs function of the United States, other
than procurement regulations and regulations involving
the import or export of non-defense articles and
services;
(C) regulations or rules that are limited to agency
organization, management, or personnel matters; or
(D) any other category of regulations exempted by
the Administrator of OIRA.
(5) The term ''regulatory action'' means any substantive
action by an agency (normally published in the Federal
Register) that promulgates or is expected to lead to the
promulgation of a final rule or regulation, including notices
of inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, and notices
of proposed rulemaking.
(6) The term ''significant regulatory action'' means any
regulatory action that is likely to result in a rule that may--
(A) have an annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more or adversely affect in a material way
the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity,
competition, jobs, the environment, public health or
safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(B) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise
interfere with an action taken or planned by another
agency;
(C) materially alter the budgetary impact of
entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or
the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or
(D) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out
of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the
principles set forth in this Act.
Example Output: Government Regulatory Improvement and Performance Act of 1998 - Declares that: (1) Federal agencies should promulgate only such regulations as are required by law, necessary to interpret the law, or necessary to protect and promote or improve the health and safety of the public, the environment, or the well-being of the American people; and (2) in deciding whether and how to regulate, agencies should assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives, including the alternative of not regulating.
Sets forth principles of regulation to ensure that the agencies' regulatory programs are consistent with such philosophy, including that each agency: (1) identify the problem that it intends to address by regulation, assess its significance, and if possible conduct a risk analysis; (2) identify and assess available alternatives to direct regulation; (3) wherever feasible, seek views of appropriate State, local, and tribal officials before imposing requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect those governmental entities.
(Sec. 3) Directs the Office of Management and Budget to carry out coordinated review of agency rulemaking. Designates its Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) as the repository of expertise concerning regulatory issues.
(Sec. 4) Directs the OIRA Administrator, early in each year's planning cycle, to convene a meeting of the regulatory policy advisers to the President and agency heads to seek a common understanding of priorities and to coordinate regulatory efforts for the upcoming year.
Requires each agency to prepare: (1) a unified regulatory agenda of all regulations under development or review; and (2) a regulatory plan of the most important significant regulatory actions that the agency reasonably expects to issue in that fiscal year or thereafter.
Directs the Administrator to: (1) convene and chair a regulatory working group, which shall meet at least quarterly, to assist agencies in identifying and analyzing important regulatory issues; (2) meet quarterly, along with agency heads, with representatives of State, local, and tribal governments to identify exiting and proposed regulations that may uniquely or significantly affect those governmental entities; and (3) convene periodic conferences with representatives of businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and the public to discuss regulatory issues.
(Sec. 5) Requires that: (1) each agency submit to OIRA a program under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations; and (2) any significant regulations selected for review be included in the agency's annual plan, and the agency identify any legislative mandates that require the agency to promulgate or continue to impose unnecessary or outdated regulations.
(Sec. 5) Requires each agency to: (1) submit to the OIRA a program under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations for possible modification or elimination; (2) provide the public with meaningful participation in the regulatory process and a meaningful opportunity to comment on any proposed regulation, generally including a comment period of not less than 60 days; and (2) explore and, where appropriate, use consensual mechanisms for developing regulations, including negotiated rulemaking.
Directs: (1) each agency head to designate a Regulatory Policy Office; (2) each agency to develop its regulatory actions in a timely fashion and adhere to specified procedures; (3) each agency to provide the OIRA with a list of its planned regulatory actions, including significant regulatory actions; and (4) the Administrator to provide meaningful guidance and oversight.
(Sec. 8) Prohibits an agency from publishing a regulation until the Administrator has waived review of the action, completed such review, or the review period has passed, whichever occurs first.

Example Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Public Voice Campaign Finance Reform
Act of 1997''.

SEC. 2. PROMOTING DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN SPENDING.

(a) Requiring Intermediaries and Conduits To Report on Bundled
Contributions.--Section 315(a)(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''(8)'' and inserting ''(8)(A)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
''(B) Any person acting as an intermediary or conduit for the
collection or delivery of contributions on behalf of a candidate shall
file reports with the Commission (at the same time and in the same
manner as a political committee which is not an authorized committee of
a candidate is required to file reports under section 304(a)(4)) on the
contributions collected or delivered and on related activities
conducted on the candidate's behalf.''.
(b) Treatment of Certain Communications as Independent Expenditures
for Reporting Purposes.--Section 301(17) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 431(17))
is amended by striking ''identified candidate'' and inserting the
following: ''identified candidate, or any payment for any communication
made during the 90-day period ending on the date of an election which
includes the name or likeness of a candidate,''.
(c) Mandatory Electronic Filing for Persons Meeting Certain
Threshold.--Section 304(a)(11)(A) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(11)(A))
is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting the
following: '', except that in the case of any person reporting an
amount of contributions, expenditures, or disbursements in an amount
exceeding a threshold established by the Commission, the person shall
file all reports required under this Act by such electronic means,
format, or method.''.

SEC. 3. ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT ABILITIES OF FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.

(a) Permitting FEC To Impose Filing Fee for Reports.--Section 307
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437d) is amended
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
''(f)(1) The Commission shall require each political committee
filing a report under this title to include with the report a payment
(in an amount established by the Commission) if the amount of
contributions, expenditures, or disbursements covered by the report
exceeds a threshold established by the Commission.
''(2) In establishing the amount of payment required to be included
with a report under paragraph (1), the Commission shall take into
account the costs to the Commission which are associated with the
submission of reports under this title.
''(3) The Commission may waive the application of paragraph (1)
with respect to a political committee if the Commission determines that
the payment required would result in a financial hardship to the
committee.
''(4) The Commission may charge a nominal fee for the distribution
of documents to the public.
''(5) The amount appropriated to the Commission for a fiscal year
pursuant to the authorization under section 314 may not be adjusted to
take into account any amounts anticipated to be received by the
Commission during the year pursuant to this subsection.''.
(b) Revised Standard for Referral of Certain Violations to Attorney
General.--Section 309(a)(5)(C) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(C)) is
amended by striking ''by an affirmative vote of 4 of its members,
determined that there is probable cause to believe'' and inserting
''believes''.
(c) Permitting Random Audits.--Section 311(b) of such Act (2 U.S.C.
438(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''(b)'' and inserting ''(b)(1)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commission shall conduct
random audits of the reports of political committees during the 1-year
period which begins on the date of a general election, in accordance
with such criteria as the Commission may establish.''.

SEC. 4. REDUCED BROADCAST RATES FOR CANDIDATES.

(a) In General.--Section 315(b)(1) of the Communications Act of
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)(1)) is amended by striking ''the lowest unit
charge'' and inserting ''the applicable percentage of the lowest unit
charge''.
(b) Applicable Percentage Defined.--Section 315(c) of such Act (47
U.S.C. 315(c)) is amended--
(1) by striking ''and'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and
inserting ''; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
''(3) the term 'applicable percentage' means--
''(A) 70 percent, in the case of a small broadcast
station (as determined by the Commission in accordance
with ratings, market area analysis, and such other
criteria as the Commission may establish), or
''(B) 50 percent, in the case of any other
candidate and any other broadcast station.''.

SEC. 5. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF NON-FEDERAL FUNDS.

Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

''restrictions on use of non-federal funds

''Sec. 323. (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
no funds which are not subject to the limitations and prohibitions of
this Act may be expended or disbursed by any person for any activity
which significantly affects an election for Federal office or which
promotes or identifies (in whole or in part) any candidate for election
for Federal office, including any get-out-the-vote drive which
identifies or targets supporters of a candidate for election for
Federal office, or any voter registration drive or development or
maintenance of voter files which occurs during an even-numbered year.
''(b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to
any of the following activities:
''(1) The construction, maintenance, or operation of
buildings or broadcast facilities for political parties.
''(2) State or local political party conventions.
''(3) State or local political party administration.
''(4) Generic campaign activity to promote a political
party.
''(5) Any activity which would be described in clause (i),
(iii), or (v) of section 301(9)(B) if payment for the activity
were an expenditure under such section.''.

SEC. 6. APPOINTMENT AND SERVICE OF MEMBERS OF FEDERAL ELECTION
COMMISSION.

(a) Appointment of Additional, Independent Commissioner.--
(1) In general.--Section 306(a)(1) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(1)) is amended--
(A) by striking ''(a)(1)'' and inserting
''(a)(1)(A)'';
(B) in the first sentence, by striking ''6 members
appointed by the President,'' and inserting the
following: ''7 members appointed by the President, of
whom one shall be a political independent nominated for
appointment by the other members serving on the
Commission,''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
''(B) In subparagraph (A), the term 'political independent' means
an individual who at no time after January 1992--
''(i) has held elective office as a member of the
Democratic or Republican party;
''(ii) has received any wages or salary from the Democratic
or Republican party or from a Democratic or Republican party
office-holder or candidate; or
''(iii) has provided substantial volunteer services or made
any substantial contribution to the Democratic or Republican
party or to a Democratic or Republican party office-holder or
candidate.''.
(2) Deadline for initial appointment.--The members of the
Federal Election Commission shall provide the President with a
nominee for appointment to the Commission under section
306(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as
amended by paragraph (1)) not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Limiting Commissioners to Single Term.--Section 306(a)(2)(A) of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 437c(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ''terms'' and
inserting ''a single term''.

SEC. 7. EFFECTIVE DATE.

The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to
elections occurring after January 1999.
Example Output: Public Voice Campaign Finance Reform Act of 1997 - Amends the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA) to provide for: (1) intermediaries and conduits to report on bundled contributions in the same time and manner as a political committee which is not an authorized committee of the candidate; (2) certain communications to be treated as independent expenditures; and (3) mandatory electronic filing for persons reporting contributions, expenditures, or disbursements in an amount exceeding a threshold established by the Federal Election Commission.
(Sec. 3) Directs the Commission to require each political committee filing a report to include with the report a filing fee when the amount of contributions, expenditures, or disbursements covered by the report exceeds a threshold established by the Commission.
Revises the standard for referral of certain violations to the Attorney General.
Requires the Commission to conduct random audits of the reports of political committees.
(Sec. 4) Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to provide for reduced broadcast media rates for candidates.
(Sec. 5) Amends FECA to set forth restrictions on the use of non-Federal funds.
(Sec. 6) Revises requirements for the composition of the Commission and terms of Commissioners and replaces them with new requirements, including one that Commissioners serve no more than a single term.

Example Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Rural Education Development
Initiative for the 21st Century Act''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

The purpose of this Act is to provide rural school students in the
United States with increased learning opportunities.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:
(1) While there are rural education initiatives identified
at the State and local level, no Federal education policy
focuses on the specific needs of rural school districts and
schools, especially those that serve poor students.
(2) The National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES)
reports that 46 percent of our Nation's public schools serve
rural areas.
(3) A critical problem for rural school districts involves
the hiring and retention of qualified administrators and
certified teachers (especially in science and mathematics).
Consequently, teachers in rural schools are almost twice as
likely to provide instruction in 3 or more subjects than
teachers in urban schools. Rural schools also face other tough
challenges, such as shrinking local tax bases, high
transportation costs, aging buildings, limited course
offerings, and limited resources.
(4) Data from the National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) consistently shows large gaps between the
achievement of students in high-poverty schools and those in
other schools. High-poverty schools will face special
challenges in preparing their students to reach high standards
of performance on State and national assessments.

SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Elementary school; local educational agency; secondary
school; state educational agency.--The terms ''elementary
school'', ''local educational agency'', ''secondary school'',
and ''State educational agency'' have the meanings given the
terms in section 14101 of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801).
(2) Eligible local educational agency.--The term ''eligible
local educational agency'' means a local educational agency
that serves--
(A) a school age population 15 percent or more of
whom are from families with incomes below the poverty
line; and
(B)(i) a rural locality; or
(ii) a school age population of 800 or fewer
students.
(3) Metropolitan area.--The term ''metropolitan area''
includes the area defined as such by the Bureau of the Census.
(4) Poverty line.--The term ''poverty line'' means the
poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and
Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 673(2)
of the Community Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)))
applicable to a family of the size involved.
(5) Rural locality.--The term ''rural locality'' means a
locality that is not within a metropolitan area.
(6) School age population.--The term ''school age
population'' means the number of students aged 5 through 17.
(7) Secretary.--The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary
of Education.

SEC. 5. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

(a) Reservation.--From amounts appropriated under section 9 for a
fiscal year the Secretary shall reserve 0.5 percent to make awards to
elementary or secondary schools operated or supported by the Bureau of
Indian Affairs to carry out the purpose of this Act.
(b) Grants to States.--
(1) In general.--From amounts appropriated under section 9
that are not reserved under subsection (a) for a fiscal year,
the Secretary shall award grants to State educational agencies
that have applications approved under section 7 to enable the
State educational agencies to award grants to eligible local
educational agencies for local authorized activities described
in subsection (c).
(2) Formula.--
(A) In general.--Each State educational agency
shall receive a grant under this section in an amount
that bears the same relation to the amount of funds
appropriated under section 9 that are not reserved
under subsection (a) for a fiscal year as the school
age population served by eligible local educational
agencies in the State bears to the school age
population served by eligible local educational
agencies in all States.
(B) Data.--In determining the school age population
under subparagraph (A) the Secretary shall use the most
recent data available from the Bureau of the Census.
(3) Direct awards to local educational agencies.--If a
State educational agency elects not to participate in the
program under this Act or does not have an application approved
under section 7, the Secretary may award, on a competitive
basis, the amount the State educational agency is eligible to
receive under paragraph (2) directly to eligible local
educational agencies in the State.
(4) Matching requirement.--Each eligible local educational
agency that receives a grant under this Act shall contribute
resources with respect to the local authorized activities to be
assisted, in cash or in kind, from non-Federal sources, in an
amount equal to the Federal funds awarded under the grant.
(c) Local Authorized Activities.--Grant funds awarded to local
educational agencies under this Act shall be used for--
(1) educational technology, including software and
hardware;
(2) professional development;
(3) technical assistance;
(4) teacher recruitment and retention;
(5) parental involvement activities; or
(6) academic enrichment programs or other education
programs.
(d) Relation to Other Federal Funding.--Funds received under this
Act by a State educational agency or an eligible local educational
agency shall not be taken into consideration in determining the
eligibility for, or amount of, any other Federal funding awarded to the
agency.

SEC. 6. STATE DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS.

(a) Award Basis.--A State educational agency shall award grants to
eligible local educational agencies according to a formula developed by
the State educational agency and approved by the Secretary.
(b) First Year.--For the first year that a State educational agency
receives a grant under this Act, the State educational agency--
(1) shall use not less than 99 percent of the grant funds
to award grants to eligible local educational agencies in the
State; and
(2) may use not more than 1 percent for State activities
and administrative costs related to the program.
(c) Succeeding Years.--For the second and each succeeding year that
a State educational agency receives a grant under this Act, the State
educational agency--
(1) shall use not less than 99.5 percent of the grant funds
to award grants to eligible local educational agencies in the
State; and
(2) may use not more than 0.5 percent of the grant funds
for State activities and administrative costs related to the
program.

SEC. 7. APPLICATIONS.

Each State educational agency, or local educational agency eligible
for a grant under section 5(b)(3), that desires a grant under this Act
shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such
manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may
require.

SEC. 8. REPORTS; ACCOUNTABILITY; STUDY.

(a) State Reports.--
(1) Contents.--Each State educational agency that receives
a grant under this Act shall provide an annual report to the
Secretary. The report shall describe--
(A) the method the State educational agency used to
award grants to eligible local educational agencies
under this Act;
(B) how eligible local educational agencies used
funds provided under this Act;
(C) how the State educational agency provided
technical assistance for an eligible local educational
agency that did not meet the goals and objectives
described in subsection (c)(3); and
(D) how the State educational agency took action
against an eligible local educational agency if the
local educational agency failed, for 2 consecutive
years, to meet the goals and objectives described in
subsection (c)(3).
(2) Availability.--The Secretary shall make the annual
State reports received under paragraph (1) available for
dissemination to Congress, interested parties (including
educators, parents, students, and advocacy and civil rights
organizations), and the public.
(b) Local Educational Agency Reports.--Each eligible local
educational agency that receives a grant under section 5(b)(3) shall
provide an annual report to the Secretary. The report shall describe
how the local educational agency used funds provided under this Act and
how the local educational agency coordinated funds received under this
Act with other Federal, State, and local funds.
(c) Report to Congress.--The Secretary shall prepare and submit to
Congress an annual report. The report shall describe--
(1) the methods the State educational agencies used to
award grants to eligible local educational agencies under this
Act;
(2) how eligible local educational agencies used funds
provided under this Act; and
(3) the progress made by State educational agencies and
eligible local educational agencies receiving assistance under
this Act in meeting specific, annual, measurable performance
goals and objectives established by such agencies for
activities assisted under this Act.
(d) Accountability.--The Secretary, at the end of the third year
that a State educational agency participates in the program assisted
under this Act, shall permit only those State educational agencies that
met their performance goals and objectives, for two consecutive years,
to continue to participate in the program.
(e) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
conduct a study regarding the impact of assistance provided under this
Act on student achievement. The Controller General shall report the
results of the study to Congress.

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act
$300,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2001 through 2004.
Example Output:
Reserves a specified portion of grant funds for schools operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Sets forth an allotment formula for grants to State educational agencies (SEAs) to make grants to eligible LEAs.
Authorizes the Secretary to make direct competitive grants to specially qualified eligible rural LEAs in nonparticipating States.
Requires LEAs or their schools to use grant funds for: (1) educational technology, including software and hardware; (2) professional development; (3) technical assistance; (4) teacher recruitment and retention; (5) parental involvement activities; or (6) academic enrichment programs or other education programs.
Requires SEAs to award grants on a formula basis. Requires that at least 99 percent of such funds be awarded to eligible LEAs in the first year, and 99.5 in the second and in each succeeding year that an SEA receives such a grant. Allows the remainder to be used for State activities and administrative costs related to the grant program.
Requires reports by SEAs, LEAs, and the Secretary.
Directs the Secretary, at the end of the third year an SEA participates in the program, to permit continued participation only if the SEA has met its performance goals and objectives for two consecutive years.
Directs the Comptroller General to study and report to Congress on this Act's impact on student achievement.
Authorizes appropriations.