Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature. Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to the older, more inclusive notion of what constitutes literature. Cultural studies, for instance, takes as its subject of analysis both popular and minority genres, in addition to canonical works.

1. What is the Latin root of Literature?
2. What does that come from?
3. What does that mean?
4. What does literature include?
5. Anything written?
6. Which ones?
7. How many ways can it be categorized?
8. Can those categories be broken down further?
9. in how many ways?
10. Do they separate it by periods?
11. What about features?
12. What are those categories called?
13. When did imaginative works start?
14. What kind of studies deals with literature?
15. What types of genres do they use?
16. What else?
17. Has the meaning of literature changed?
18. When did it mean books and writing?
19. Where?
20. Is the current definition more inclusive?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. literatura or litteratura
2. from littera
3. letter or handwriting
4. written productions
5. no
6. ones that have artistic or intellectual value
7. four
8. yes
9. three
10. yes
11. yes
12. genres
13. during the Romantic period
14. Cultural studies
15. cultural and minority
16. canonical works.
17. yes
18. prior to the eighteenth century
19. In Western Europe
20. yes

Question: Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

According to its creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

Ruby was conceived on February 24, 1993. In a 1999 post to the "ruby-talk" mailing list, Ruby author Yukihiro Matsumoto describes some of his early ideas about the language:

Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple Lisp language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by higher-order functions, and practical utility like that of Perl.

The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 24, 1993, before any code had been written for the language. Initially two names were proposed: "Coral" and "Ruby". Matsumoto chose the latter in a later e-mail to Ishitsuka. Matsumoto later noted a factor in choosing the name "Ruby" it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues.

The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 21, 1995. Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days. The release coincided with the launch of the Japanese-language "ruby-list" mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language. 1. What is Ruby?
2. who created it?
3. where is he from?
4. what other name was considered for it?
5. What made him decide on Ruby?
6. When did he first think about creating it?
7. when was it first available to the public?
8. were more versions made available?
9. what did he call the mailing list?
10. what influenced him when creating the language?
11. did it have automoatic memory management?
12. What characteristic of Perl did he want to emulate? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. a programming language
2. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto
3. Japan.
4. "Coral"
5. it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues
6. on February 24, 1993
7. on December 21, 1995
8. yes
9. "ruby-talk" mailing list
10. Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp
11. yes
12. practical utility

Q: CHAPTER XXIV

DANNY MEADOW MOUSE WARNS PETER RABBIT

Good advice Is always needed But, alas! is seldom heeded, Peter Rabbit.

Danny Meadow Mouse waited until all the rest of Peter Rabbit's friends had left the Old Briar-patch after paying their respects to Peter and Mrs. Peter, He waited for two reasons, did Danny Meadow Mouse. In the first place, he had seen old Granny Fox and Reddy Fox hanging about a little way off, and though they had disappeared after a while, Danny had an idea that they were not far away, but were hiding so that they might catch him on his way home. Of course, he hadn't the slightest intention of giving them the chance. He had made up his mind to ask Peter if he might spend the night in a corner of the Old Briar-patch, and he was very sure that Peter would say he might, for he and Peter are very good friends, very good friends indeed.

The second good reason Danny had for waiting was this very friendship. You see, Peter had been away from the Green Meadows so long that Danny felt sure he couldn't know all about how things were there now, and so he wanted to warn Peter that the Green Meadows were not nearly as safe as before Old Man Coyote had come there to live. So Danny waited, and when all the rest of the callers had left he called Peter to one side where little Mrs. Peter couldn't hear. Danny stood up on his hind legs so as to whisper in one of Peter's ears.

1. Granny Fox and Reddy Fox were hiding so that they might catch him.
2. The Old Briar-patch.
3. Yes.
4. Yes.
5. Hiding.
6. Giving them a chance.
7. Spend the night in the Old Briar-patch.
8. Yes.
9. He and Peter are very good friends.
10. He wanted to warn Peter.
11. Green Meadows were not nearly as safe as before.
12. Yes.
13. Old Man Coyote had come there to live.
14. All the rest of the callers to leave.
15. Paying their respects.
16. Peter and Mrs. Peter.
17. Called Peter to one side.
18. Mrs. Peter.
19. On his hind legs.
20. To whisper in one of Peter's ears.

Numbered questions:
1. What was the first reason Danny waited?
2. Where did Peter Rabbit reside?
3. Had he seen Granny and Reddy Fox nearby?
4. Did he believe they were still nearby?
5. What did he think they were doing?
6. What did he decide not to do?
7. How would he accomplish that?
8. Did he think he probably could?
9. Why
10. Why was Danny at Peter's?
11. Of what?
12. Anything else?
13. What?
14. What did he wait for?
15. Why were the callers there?
16. To who?
17. What did he do when the callers were gone?
18. Who didn't he want to hear them?
19. How did Danny stand?
20. Why?