In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Right ventricular rupture, resulting in serious bleeding, is a life-threatening complication associated with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in cardiac surgery. The use of a rigid barrier between the heart and the sharp sternal edges has been successfully tested on pigs. In the present article, we demonstrate increased safety in NPWT through the use of the HeartShield device.', 'Six patients were treated with a specially designed device in combination with NPWT. The device consists of a horizontally placed disk covered in foam. The back of the T-shaped device sticks up between the sternal edges and up above skin level. This part of the device is also covered in foam. Drainage is performed through two holes at the top of the device. The device and foam are changed every second to third day, and -120 mm Hg of continuous therapy is used. Six patients were treated with traditional NPWT, serving as control group.', 'No signs of calluslike formation were seen on the right ventricle in the group treated with the HeartShield device. In the conventional NPWT control group, all six patients had calluslike formation (>1 2 cm2) on the anterior part of the right ventricle. All patients in the HeartShield group had grade 1 epicardial petechial bleeding (<0.5 cm2) on the right ventricle. In the control group, one patient had grade 1 (<0.5 cm2), three patients had grade 2 (0.5-2.0 cm2), and two patients had grade 3 (>2.0 cm2) epicardial petechial bleeding on the right ventricle. No major bleeding or mortality was observed in either group during the course of the study.\Question: Does the HeartShield device reduce the risk for right ventricular damage in patients with deep sternal wound infection?

Answer: The use of the HeartShield device significantly minimizes the contact between the right ventricle and the sternal edges, thereby decreasing the risk for life-threatening complications due to bleeding.

Question: Context: To evaluate response to radiation and clinical outcome of uterine cervical cancer patients with tumor-related leukocytosis (TRL) at initial diagnosis and during definitive radiotherapy.', 'We retrospectively analyzed 2456 patients with stage IA-IVA uterine cervical cancer who received definitive radiotherapy with (37.4%) or without (62.6%) platinum-based chemotherapy between 1986 and 2012. TRL was defined as two or more occurrences of leukocytosis over 9000/l at the time of diagnosis and during the course of treatment. Locoregional failure-free survival (LFFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with or without TRL.', 'The median age of all patients was 55 years, and the median follow-up time was 65.1 months. TRL was observed in 398 patients (16%) at initial diagnosis; TRL (+) patients were younger and had larger tumors, advanced stage, and more frequent lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). TRL (+) patients showed a significantly lower rate of complete remission than TRL (-) patients (89.9% versus 96.3%, respectively, P = 0.042). Ten-year LFFS and OS for all patients were 84% and 78%, respectively. LFFS and OS were significantly lower in TRL (+) patients than TRL (-) patients (10-year LFFS: 69% versus 87% respectively, P < 0.001; 10-year OS: 63% versus 81% respectively P < 0.001). After propensity score matching, LFFS and OS rates in TRL (+) patients remained significantly lower than for TRL (-) patients; this significant difference was also observed on multivariate analysis. Twenty-six percent of patients with locoregional failure (n = 345) were TRL (+) and had significantly poorer median OS (6 versus 12 months, P = 0.001).\Question: Is tumor-related leukocytosis associated with poor radiation response and clinical outcome in uterine cervical cancer patients?

Answer: This study reveals the aggressive nature of cervical cancer with TRL and its poor response to radiation therapy. Given the unfavorable prognosis and higher probability of treatment failure, optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and careful monitoring for early detection of recurrence should be considered for these patients.

Question: Context: Human xenografts in athymic mice are frequently used as preclinical models of cancer to investigate the targeting of drugs. In order to distinguish specific from nonspecific targeting of the xenograft, the mice can be implanted with different malignant cell lines. We studied in xenograft success and growth rates after implantation of human lymphoma and breast cancer cells to begin an assessment of the validity of this approach for distinguishing specific from nonspecific targeting. Investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of two different cell-line xenografts, and prior radiation needed for one of the xenografts, on implantation success and growth rates.', 'Female athymic mice were given 4 Gy of external beam radiation 4 days prior to subcutaneous (s.c.) abdominal implantation of 6 x 10(6) Raji human lymphoma cells. One week later, 3 x 10(6) hamster blood transfusion (HBT) 3477 human breast cancer cells were implanted s.c. in a contralateral abdominal site. Xenografts were evaluated frequently thereafter. Xenograft success and growth rates were compared to those observed in "historical" control groups, wherein only a single xenograft of each type was implanted.', 'Raji xenografts developed from 73.7% of the implantations, and 100% of the HBT 3477 xenografts were successful in the experimental group. The "historical" Raji xenograft success rate was 74.1% (+/-9.3%), and the "historical" HBT 3477 xenografts success rate was 99.0% (+/-1.1%). HBT 3477 xenografts did not affect the growth rate of the Raji xenografts, and the mean doubling time for the experimental Raji xenografts was 6.3 days (+/-4.5 days), compared to the "historical" control group mean of 5.1 days (+/-3.9 days; p = 0.2). Similarly, the growth rates for the HBT 3477 xenografts were not affected by the Raji xenografts and the pre-radiation needed for this model. Mean doubling time for HBT 3477 xenografts in the presence of Raji xenografts was 9.2 days (+/-17.6 days), compared to a doubling time of 1.4 days (+/-15.2 days; p = 0.55 and 0.94 studies 1 and 2, respectively). Mean HBT 3477 xenograft doubling time for the "historical" control group was 4.4 days (+/-6.0 days).\Question: Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft?

Answer:
Implantation of Raji xenografts and HBT 3477 breast cancer xenografts in the same mouse did not affect xenograft success or growth rates, even when whole-body radiation of 4 Gy was used to promote Raji xenografts. These observations are not intended to imply an absence of differences in other biological parameters in this sytem or to encourage extrapolation of the conclusions indiscriminately to other preclinical models. Contrarily, our aim was to encourage other investigators to further validate these frequently used approaches.