The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."

The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO. Some European nations and Japan sought to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott. Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents. To address this, the Nixon Administration began multilateral negotiations with the combatants. They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. By January 18, 1974, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula. The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was enough to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March 1974. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. When did the oil crisis begin?
2. How long did it last?
3. How much did costs rise?
4. Whats another name for it?
5. How many others were there?
6. Who caused it?
7. Why?
8. Who started deliberating to raise the embargo?
9. What did they do?
10. Who had to make peace in this process?
11. Did these developments directly benefit members of OPEC?
12. How so?
13. Who was the primary target of the embargo?
14. Who distanced themselves from the US during this time?
15. What cause the second oil shock?
Answer: 1. October 1973
2. Six months
3. At least $9.
4. First oil shock
5. One
6. Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
7. United States policies in the Middle East
8. Nixon Administration
9. Arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.
10. Israel and Syria
11. Yes
12. Syria and Egypt were members, and they benefited from Israel's withdrawals.
13. Israel
14. Some European nations and Japan
15. unknown

Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 19681969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes.

After receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the IranContra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President "to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What awards did Kerry receive?
2. Where was he born?
3. Did he go to a normal public school?
4. What college did he attend?
5. What did he study?
6. What war did he serve in?
7. Did he do any other schooling?
8. What degree did he get?
9. What committee was he on?
10. When was his last election?
Answer: 1. Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts.
2. Aurora, Colorado. Aurora, Colorado
3. attended boarding school. No.
4. Yale University. Yale University.
5. political science. Political Science.
6. South Vietnam. The Vietnam War.
7. .D. from Boston College Law School. Yes.
8. J.D. . J.D.
9. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
10. 2008. In 2008.

CHAPTER XI

THE ELECTION FOR OFFICERS

"Company attention! Shoulder arms! Forward march!"

Boom! Boom! Boom, boom, boom!

The drums rang out clearly on the morning air and the Colby Hall battalion swung into line on a march that carried it around the school buildings and then to the lake shore. Here Colonel Colby and Captain Dale inspected the three companies. Then the retiring major, Ralph Mason, was called on for a little speech which brought forth many cheers, and after this the command was dismissed.

It was the day for the election, and there was to be no school session until the afternoon.

At the last election there had been a total of 111 votes cast. But now there were one hundred and twenty-five cadets at the institution. There had been some talk of organizing a new command to be known as Company D, but so far this had not materialized.

As was the custom, the election was held in the main hall of the school and was presided over by Captain Dale and Professor Brice.

"I see they expect a hundred and twenty-five votes," remarked Randy. "That means sixty-three will be necessary to a choice."

"Well, I'm sure Jack will get at least forty on the first vote," returned his brother.

"I hope he gets the whole sixty-three," put in Dan Soppinger. Dan had once run for a captaincy, but had dropped out and turned most of his attention to athletics.

As at other elections, it was decided by Colonel Colby that each officer should be voted for separately. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. what time of the day did the drums ring?
2. was the march just around that area?
3. then to where?
4. who was marching?
5. how many people inspected them?
6. what are their names?
7. how many did they inspect?
8. who was retiring?
9. what was his rank?
10. was there shool that morning?
11. why?
12. how many votes were put in the previous year?
13. how many would they have this year?
14. where was the voting held?
15. of?
16. how many people oversee it?
17. how many votes do they think Jack will get?
18. but what is Dan hoping for?
19. what did Dan prefer doing over captaincy?
20. who decided that each person should be voted for on their own?
Answer:
1. morning
2. no
3. the lake shore
4. Colby Hall battalion
5. Two
6. Colonel Colby and Captain Dale
7. three companies
8. Ralph Mason
9. major
10. no
11. election day
12. 111
13. 125
14. in the main hall
15. of the school
16. Two
17. 40
18. 63
19. athletics
20. Colonel Colby