TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy.', 'Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: RLN identified (Group A) or not (Group B). The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia.', 'The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A, and 63 and 121 in Group B, respectively. RLN injury in Group A (0) was significantly lower than that in Group B (5 [7.9%]) patients, 7 [5.8%] nerves) for the numbers of patients (P=0.016) and nerves at risk (P=0.006). Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (14 [24.1%] vs 6 [10.3%], P=0.049). Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (13 [20.6%] vs 4 [5.6%], P=0.009).

SOLUTION: Is total thyroidectomy safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve?

PROBLEM: Since manganese (Mn) is capable of stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary unit and advancing female puberty, we assessed the possibility that this element might overcome some of the detrimental effects of prepubertal alcohol (ALC) exposure on the hypothalamic control of pituitary function.', 'Rats received either saline or Mn (10mg/kg) daily by gastric gavage from day 12 to day 31. After weaning, all rats were provided Lab Chow diet ad libitum until day 27 when they began receiving either the Bio Serv control or ALC diet regime. On day 31, the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was collected to assess luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein levels. Release of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), LHRH and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were also assessed. Other animals were not terminated on day 31, but remained in study to assess timing of puberty.', 'Short-term ALC exposure caused elevated hypothalamic LHRH content, suggesting an inhibition in peptide release, resulting in a decrease in LH. Both actions of ALC were reversed by Mn supplementation. COX2 synthesis, as well as PGE2 and LHRH release were suppressed by ALC exposure, but Mn supplementation caused an increase in COX2 synthesis and subsequent PGE2 and LHRH release in the presence of ALC. Mn supplementation also ameliorated the action of ALC to delay puberty.

SOLUTION: Does manganese protect against the effects of alcohol on hypothalamic puberty-related hormones?

PROBLEM: Aerobic exercise can decrease postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentrations but the relationship between exercise-induced energy deficits and postprandial lipemia is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise, with and without energy replacement, on postprandial lipemia and on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA expression of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).', 'Nine healthy male humans completed three two-day trials in a random order. On day 1, volunteers rested (CON), completed 60 minutes of treadmill walking at 50% of VO2peak (EX) or completed the same bout of walking but with the energy replaced afterwards with a glucose solution (EXG). On day 2, volunteers rested and consumed a high fat test meal in the morning.', 'Total and incremental TG AUC were significantly lower on the EXG (P<0.05) and EX (P<0.05) trials than the CON trial with no difference between the two exercise trials. No significant difference was observed in VLDL or LDL receptor mRNA expression among the trials (P>0.05).

SOLUTION:
Does energy replacement using glucose increase postprandial lipemia after moderate intensity exercise?