To diagnose schizophrenia, a mental health professional will ask you how long the disturbances and symptoms have been going on. To qualify for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the disturbance must have been in effect for at least 6 months. This period must include at least 1 month of "active-phase" symptoms from Part 1 (Criterion A), although the 1-month requirement may be less if symptoms have been treated. This 6-month period may also include periods of "prodromal" or residual symptoms. During these periods, the symptoms may be less extreme (i.e., "attenuated") or you may experience only "negative symptoms" such as feeling less emotion or not wanting to do anything. Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features can cause symptoms very similar to some of those in schizophrenia. Other illnesses or physical traumas, such as strokes and tumors, can cause psychotic symptoms. This is why it is crucial to seek help from a trained mental health clinician. You cannot make these distinctions on your own. Your clinician will ask if you have had major depressive or manic episodes at the same time as your "active-phase" symptoms. A major depressive episode involves at least one of the following for a period of at least 2 weeks: depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in things you used to enjoy. It will also include other regular or near-constant symptoms in that time frame, such as significant weight changes, disruption in sleeping patterns, fatigue, agitation or slowing down, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, trouble concentrating and thinking, or recurrent thoughts about death. A trained mental health professional will help you determine whether you have experienced a major depressive episode. A manic episode is a distinct period of time (usually at least 1 week) when you experience an abnormally elevated, irritated, or expansive mood. You will also display at least three other symptoms, such as decreased need for sleep, inflated ideas of yourself, flighty or scattered thoughts, distractibility, increased involvement in goal-directed activities, or an excessive involvement in pleasurable activities, especially those with a high risk or potential for negative consequences. A trained mental health professional will help you determine whether you have experienced a manic episode. You will also be asked how long these mood episodes lasted during your "active-phase" symptoms. If your mood episodes were brief in comparison to how long the active and residual periods lasted, this may be a sign of schizophrenia. Substance use, such as drugs or alcohol, can cause symptoms similar to those in schizophrenia. When diagnosing you, your clinician will make sure that the disturbances and symptoms you're experiencing are not because of the "direct physiological effects" of a substance, such as an illegal drug or medication. Even legal, prescribed medications can cause side effects such as hallucinations. It's important for a trained clinician to diagnose you so that s/he can distinguish between side effects from a substance and symptoms of an illness. Substance use disorders (commonly known as "substance abuse") commonly co-occur with schizophrenia. Many people suffering from schizophrenia may attempt to "self-medicate" their symptoms with medication, alcohol, and drugs. Your mental health professional will help you determine if you have a substance use disorder. This is another element that must be handled by a trained clinician. Global Developmental Delay or Autism Spectrum Disorder may cause some symptoms that are similar to those in schizophrenia. If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or other communication disorders that begin in childhood, a diagnosis of schizophrenia will only be made if there are prominent delusions or hallucinations present. The criteria for schizophrenia and many other psychiatric diagnoses are what as known as polythetic. This means that there are many ways of interpreting the symptoms, and different ways the symptoms may combine and appear to others. Diagnosing schizophrenia can be difficult even for trained professionals. It is also possible, as mentioned before, that your symptoms could be the result of another trauma, illness, or disorder. You must seek professional medical and mental health help to properly diagnose any disorder or disease. Cultural norms and local and personal idiosyncrasies in thought and speech can affect whether your behavior appears "normal" to others.

Summary: Consider for how long symptoms have been appearing (Criterion C). Rule out other possible culprit illnesses (Criterion D). Rule out substance use (Criterion E). Consider the relationship to Global Developmental Delay or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Understand that these criteria do not "guarantee" that you have schizophrenia.

To bump, you'll need to squat until it looks like you're sitting on a chair. Stick your butt out so it goes past your heels, and straighten your back. Your posture is correct! Make a fist with your dominant hand. Cup your opposite hand around that one. Don't cross your thumbs, but keep them parallel to one another. Straighten your arms out. Feel the flat part of your forearms (smooth inside part). This is where the ball will make contact. This is one of the most crucial and most used moves in volleyball. Move your feet to square up with the ball. When it is almost touching your arms, take a step forward, hitting the ball with your arms, or platform (flat part of arms). DO NOT SWING. Use your legs to push up and out to target, and your arms should just move with them. Don't swing your arms more than 2 inches (5.1cm). Passing may sting. An easy way to keep from stinging is to simply shrug your shoulders when you hit the ball.
Summary: Position. Hands and arms. How to do this move.