Question: Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan.

According to its creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object-oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management.

Ruby was conceived on February 24, 1993. In a 1999 post to the "ruby-talk" mailing list, Ruby author Yukihiro Matsumoto describes some of his early ideas about the language:

Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple Lisp language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by higher-order functions, and practical utility like that of Perl.

The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 24, 1993, before any code had been written for the language. Initially two names were proposed: "Coral" and "Ruby". Matsumoto chose the latter in a later e-mail to Ishitsuka. Matsumoto later noted a factor in choosing the name "Ruby" it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues.

The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 21, 1995. Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days. The release coincided with the launch of the Japanese-language "ruby-list" mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language. 1. What is Ruby?
2. who created it?
3. where is he from?
4. what other name was considered for it?
5. What made him decide on Ruby?
6. When did he first think about creating it?
7. when was it first available to the public?
8. were more versions made available?
9. what did he call the mailing list?
10. what influenced him when creating the language?
11. did it have automoatic memory management?
12. What characteristic of Perl did he want to emulate? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. a programming language
2. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto
3. Japan.
4. "Coral"
5. it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues
6. on February 24, 1993
7. on December 21, 1995
8. yes
9. "ruby-talk" mailing list
10. Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp
11. yes
12. practical utility

Question: (CNN) -- World number one Novak Djokovic began his bid to win a second Wimbledon title with a straight sets victory as he focused hard on avoiding a shock Rafael Nadal-style defeat.

A day after the Spaniard bowed out against Belgian world No. 135 Steve Darcis, the Serb was in unforgiving mood as he defeated Germany's Florian Mayer 6-3 7-5 6-4.

Djokovic was playing his first match since losing a thrilling five-set semifinal at the French Open against Nadal, who went on to win the tournament for a record eighth time.

"I watched the bigger part of (the Nadal-Darcis) match and I thought that his opponent played great," Djokovic said.

"Darcis came up with some incredible shots, incredible points in important moments and he deserved to win.

"I know people expect all the top players to get to at least the final stages of a grand slam or whatever tournament they play. It was a surprise in the end him losing to Darcis, but his opponent played great."

Having been seeded in the opposite section of the draw, Djokovic would have been unable to meet Nadal until the final itself but now his main rivals would appear to be either Wimbledon maestro Roger Federer, the defending champion, or local favorite Andy Murray.

Yet Djokovic is refusing to look so far ahead as he says the early rounds of grand slams can be very testing for the world's leading players.

"You cannot take anything or anybody for granted. You have to be grateful for being in this position and work even harder to stay there," said the 2011 Wimbledon champion. 1. Who had unexpectedly lost?
2. Is Djokovic concentrating on the final?
3. why not?
4. when was originally expected to play Nadal?
5. where is the competion?
6. who are his main rivals now?"
7. who won last year?
8. is Andy Murray Spanish?
9. who beat Djokovic in France?
10. did he go on to win?
11. how many times i total has Nadal won it now?
12. is that a record?
13. who beat Nadal in wimbledon?
14. who did Djokovic beat?
15. from?
16. in how many sets?
17. how many games did he lose?
18. did he watch any of the spaniard's match?
19. did he thinhk Nadal deserved to win?
20. who came up with gr4eat shots? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Rafael Nadal-style
2. No
3. the early rounds of grand slams can be very testing for the world's leading players.
4. in the final stages of a grand slam
5. Wimbledon
6. Roger Federer or Andy Murray.
7. Roger Federer
8. no
9. Nadal
10. Yes
11. Eight
12. yes
13. unknown
14. Florian Mayer
15. Germany
16. Three
17. 12
18. Yes
19. Yes
20. Darcis

Question: State College, Pennsylvania (CNN) -- Coach Joe Paterno and the president of the school have lost their jobs, effective immediately, over a child sex abuse scandal at Penn State, university trustees announced Wednesday night.

"What can I say, I'm no longer the coach," Paterno told a crowd of about 15 students gathered outside his house late Wednesday night. "It's going to take some time to get used to. It's been 61 years."

The crowd cheered and said, "We love you, Joe."

"I love you, too!" Paterno replied.

Paterno's wife, Sue, was visibly upset while standing beside him on the front steps.

John P. Surma, vice chairman of trustees, said that President Graham Spanier was being replaced and Paterno, the longtime head football coach, would not finish the remainder of the season.

Nittany Lions defensive coordinator Tom Bradley will serve as interim head coach. Rod Erickson, executive vice president and provost of the school, will be interim president, school officials said.

Stunned Penn State students congregated after the announcement.

Spanier has been president of the school since 1995.

Paterno was given the news of the unanimous decision early Wednesday evening in a telephone call made by chairman of the board Steve Garban and Surma. Asked Paterno's reaction, Surma said, "That's a private discussion that I would rather not characterize."

Surma said he hoped that the school's 95,000 students and hundreds of thousands of alumni would believe the decision "is in the best long-term interest of the university, which is much larger than athletic programs." 1. How big was the crowd Paterno spoke to?
2. Who is Joe Paterno?
3. How did the crowd respond to Joe?
4. Did he lose his job?
5. What is his wife's name?
6. Was she upset?
7. Who will take Paterno's place?
8. Who else lost their job?
9. Who will serve as president for the time being?
10. Who congregated after the announcement?
11. Was the choice to fire Paterno unanimous?
12. How many students attend Penn State?
13. Who is the chairman of the board?
14. Is the decision in the best interest of the school?
15. Who is John P. Surma?
16. Why was Paterno fired?
17. Are the circumstances going to be easy to accept? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. 15 students
2. Pennsylvania coach
3. they cheered
4. yes
5. Sue
6. yes
7. Tom Bradley
8. The president of the school
9. Rod Erickson
10. Penn State students
11. yes
12. 95,000
13. Steve Garban
14. yes
15. vice chairman of trustees
16. child sex abuse
17. No