input: OPTIONS:
- metric
- acidic
- ionic
- ph Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As indicated in http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch10_s04, weak acids are relatively common, even in the foods we eat. But we occasionally come across a strong acid or base, such as stomach acid, that has a strongly acidic pH of 12. By definition, strong acids and bases can produce a relatively large amount of hydrogen or hydroxide ions and, as a consequence, have a marked chemical activity. In addition, very small amounts of strong acids and bases can change the pH of a solution very quickly. If 1 mL of stomach acid [which we will approximate as 0.05 M HCl(aq)] is added to the bloodstream, and if no correcting mechanism is present, the pH of the blood would go from about 7.4 to about 4.9a pH that is not conducive to continued living. Fortunately, the body has a mechanism for minimizing such dramatic pH changes. The mechanism involves a buffer, a solution that resists dramatic changes in pH. Buffers do so by being composed of certain pairs of solutes: either a weak acid plus a salt derived from that weak acid or a weak base plus a salt of that weak base. For example, a buffer can be composed of dissolved acetic acid (HC2H3O2, a weak acid) and sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2, a salt derived from that acid). Another example of a buffer is a solution containing ammonia (NH3, a weak base) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, a salt derived from that base). Let us use an acetic acidsodium acetate buffer to demonstrate how buffers work. If a strong basea source of OH(aq) ionsis added to the buffer solution, those hydroxide ions will react with the acetic acid in an acid-base reaction: HC2H3O2(aq) + OH(aq) H2O() + C2H3O2(aq) Rather than changing the pH dramatically by making the solution basic, the added hydroxide ions react to make water, and the pH does not change much. Q: Acids are associated with a low number on which scale? A:
A:
output: ph

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Fission is a method of what type of reproduction exhibited by some planarians? A:

OPTIONS:
- spawning
- sexual
- propagation
- asexual

Answer: asexual

Problem: OPTIONS:
- pores
- pores
- sporozoans
- chromoplasts
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chromoplasts are plastids that make and store other pigments. The red pigment that colors the flower petals in Figure above was made by chromoplasts. Q: What plastid makes and stores other pigments? A:
Answer: chromoplasts

Problem:OPTIONS:
- analogous chromosomes
- endroctyne chromosomes
- symbiotic chromosomes
- homologous chromosomes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: From Genotype to Phenotype Each human body cell has a full complement of DNA stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes. Figure 28.24 shows the pairs in a systematic arrangement called a karyotype. Among these is one pair of chromosomes, called the sex chromosomes, that determines the sex of the individual (XX in females, XY in males). The remaining 22 chromosome pairs are called autosomal chromosomes. Each of these chromosomes carries hundreds or even thousands of genes, each of which codes for the assembly of a particular proteinthat is, genes are "expressed" as proteins. An individual's complete genetic makeup is referred to as his or her genotype. The characteristics that the genes express, whether they are physical, behavioral, or biochemical, are a person's phenotype. You inherit one chromosome in each paira full complement of 23from each parent. This occurs when the sperm and oocyte combine at the moment of your conception. Homologous chromosomesthose that make up a complementary pairhave genes for the same characteristics in the same location on the chromosome. Because one copy of a gene, an allele, is inherited from each parent, the alleles in these complementary pairs may vary. Take for example an allele that encodes for dimples. A child may inherit the allele encoding for dimples on the chromosome from the father and the allele that encodes for smooth skin (no dimples) on the chromosome from the mother. Q: A complementary pair of chromosomes have genes for the same characteristics in the same location on the chromosome are known as? A:
****
A: homologous chromosomes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The strength of an acid depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions it produces when dissolved in water. A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid. For example, when hydrogen chloride is added to water, all of it breaks down into H + and Cl - ions. Therefore, it is a strong acid. On the other hand, only about 1 percent of acetic acid breaks down into ions, so it is a weak acid. Q: The strength of what depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions it produces when dissolved in water? A:
OPTIONS:
- the solution
- electricity
- the base
- acid
acid

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Salamanders can breathe with the help of gills, lungs, or their skin surface. Q: What organ breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the blood? A:
OPTIONS:
- kidney
- heart
- lungs
- liver

Answer:
liver