TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
PROBLEM: Paragraph: The interferon (IFN-) has been often used as a sensitizing agent for the treatment of various malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and renal cell cancer by promoting the apoptosis of thesetumor cell types. However, the effect of IFN- on cervical cancer remains unknown. In this study, HeLa cells were used as a testing model for the treatment of IFN- on cervical cancer. The results indicate that IFN- markedly inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of HeLa cells. The activation of caspase 3, the up-regulation of both Bim and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1, the down-regulation of Bcl-xL, as well as the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria were significantly induced upon IFN- treatment, indicating that the intrinsic apoptotic pathway could be activated by IFN- treatment. In addition, caspase 4-which is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis-was activated in response to IFN- treatment. Knocking down caspase 4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly reduced the IFN--mediated cell apoptosis. However, no significant changes in the expressions of caspases 8 and 10 were observed upon IFN- treatment, indicating that the apoptosis caused by IFN- might be independent of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that IFN- may possess anti-cervical cancer capacity by activating cell apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and caspase-4-related ER stress-induced pathway.
Title: Interferon Induces the Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells by Activating both the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Pathway

SOLUTION: False

PROBLEM: Paragraph: Purpose: COVID-19 has become global threaten. CT acts as an important method of 60 diagnosis. However, human-based interpretation of CT imaging is time consuming. 61 More than that, substantial inter-observer-variation cannot be ignored. We aim at 62 developing a diagnostic tool for artificial intelligence (AI)-based classification of CT 63 images for recognizing COVID-19 and other common infectious diseases of the lung. 64 Experimental Design: In this study, images were retrospectively collected and 65 prospectively analyzed using machine learning. CT scan images of the lung that show 66 or do not show COVID-19 were used to train and validate a classification framework 67 based on convolutional neural network. Five conditions including COVID-19 68 pneumonia, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary 69 tuberculosis, and normal lung were evaluated. Training and validation set of images 70 were collected from Wuhan Jin Yin-Tan Hospital whereas test set of images were 71 collected from Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University and the fifth Hospital of 72 Wuhan. 73 Results: Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI framework were reported. For 74 test dataset, accuracies for recognizing normal lung, COVID-19 pneumonia, 75 non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis 76 were 99.4%, 98.8%, 98.5%, 98.3%, and 98.6%, respectively. For the test dataset, 77 accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of recognizing COVID-19 were 78 98.8%, 98.2%, 98.9%, 94.5%, and 99.7%, respectively. 79 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
Title: Deep Learning-Based Recognizing COVID-19 Deep Learning-Based Recognizing COVID-19 and other Common Infectious Diseases of the Lung by Chest CT 2 Scan Images

SOLUTION: False

PROBLEM: Paragraph: Global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. We conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. Four medical and meteorological databases (Medline, Embase, GeoRef, PubMed) and a global electronic reporting system (ProMED) were searched, from 1910 to 2010. Eighty-seven waterborne outbreaks involving extreme water-related weather events were identified and included, alongside 235 ProMED reports. Heavy rainfall and flooding were the most common events preceding outbreaks associated with extreme weather and were reported in 55 . 2 % and 52 . 9% of accounts, respectively. The most common pathogens reported in these outbreaks were Vibrio spp. (21 . 6%) and Leptospira spp. (12 . 7 %). Outbreaks following extreme water-related weather events were often the result of contamination of the drinking-water supply (53 . 7 %). Differences in reporting of outbreaks were seen between the scientific literature and ProMED. Extreme water-related weather events represent a risk to public health in both developed and developing countries, but impact will be disproportionate and likely to compound existing health disparities. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.
Title: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease

SOLUTION:
True