In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are important respiratory pathogens with similar symptomatology. The aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to identify risk factors for an hMPV or RSV infection during the first year of life in unselected healthy children. We followed 217 children from birth to 1 year of age. Nasal swabs and symptom diaries were collected monthly. Anti-hMPV and anti-RSV IgG antibodies by age 1 year were detected by ELISA, and nasal swabs were analysed for hMPV and RSV by RT-PCR. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis. Anti-hMPV IgG was found in 38 children (17.5%), and anti-RSV IgG in 172 children (79%). Risk factors for being anti-hMPV IgG-positive were: (1) being born in the spring (OR =2.36; 95% CI:1.06-5.27), and (2) having older siblings (OR=3.82; 95% CI:1.75-8.34). Risk factors for being anti-RSV IgG-positive were: (1) gestational age <38 weeks (OR=3.39; 95% CI:1.42-8.05), (2) increasing paternal age (OR=1.85 per 5 yrs; 95% CI:1.28-2.68), and (3) wall-to-wall carpeting (OR=3.15; 95% CI:1.29-7.68). Being born in the spring was associated with decreased odds of being anti-RSV IgG-positive (OR=0.27, 95% CI:0.09-0.85). Risk factors for RSV hospitalisation (n= 11) were: (1) older siblings (OR=4.49; 95% CI: 1.08-18.73) and (2) smoking in the household (OR=5.06; 95% CI: 1.36-18.76). Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 14 days of life protected against hospitalisation (OR= 0.21; 95% CI:0.06-0.79). In conclusion, this study identifies risk factors for mild and asymptomatic hMPV infections in infancy. Abbreviations hMPV human metapneumovirus RSV respiratory syncytial virus OR odds ratio PBS phosphate-buffered saline NPA nasopharyngeal aspirate RT-PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RT room temperature M-PBS PBS with 2% skim-milk powder HRP horseradish peroxidase TMB tetramethyl benzidine OD optical density SD standard deviation PDV Phocine Distemper Virus Eur

Answer: A community study of clinical traits and risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life

Question: Background. Before kidney transplantation, donors and recipients are routinely screened for viral pathogens using specific tests. Little is known about unrecognized viruses of the urinary tract that potentially result in transmission. Using an open metagenomic approach, we aimed to comprehensively assess virus transmission in living-donor kidney transplantation. Methods. Living kidney donors and their corresponding recipients were enrolled at the time of transplantation. Follow-up study visits for recipients were scheduled 4-6 weeks and 1 year thereafter. At each visit, plasma and urine samples were collected and transplant recipients were evaluated for signs of infection or other transplant-related complications. For metagenomic analysis, samples were enriched for viruses, amplified by anchored random polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. Viruses detected by sequencing were confirmed using real-time PCR. Results. We analyzed a total of 30 living kidney donor and recipient pairs, with a follow-up of at least 1 year. In addition to viruses commonly detected during routine post-transplant virus monitoring, metagenomic sequencing detected JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in the urine of 7 donors and their corresponding recipients. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed infection with the donor strain in 6 cases, suggesting transmission from the transplant donor to the recipient, despite recipient seropositivity for JCPyV at the time of transplantation. Conclusions. Metagenomic sequencing identified frequent transmission of JCPyV from kidney transplant donors to recipients. Considering the high incidence rate, future studies within larger cohorts are needed to define the relevance of JCPyV infection and the donor's virome for transplant outcomes.

Answer: Clinical Infectious Diseases Metagenomic Virome Sequencing in Living Donor and Recipient Kidney Transplant Pairs Revealed JC Polyomavirus Transmission

Question: The bacterial bipartite transferrin receptor is an iron acquisition system that is required for 12 survival by several key human and animal pathogens. It consists of the TonB-dependent 13 transporter Transferrin binding protein A (TbpA) and the surface lipoprotein Transferrin binding 14 protein B (TbpB). Curiously, the Tbps are only found in host specific pathogens, and are 15 themselves host specific, meaning that they will bind to the transferrin of their host species, but 16 not to those of other animal species. While this phenomenon has long been established, neither 17 the steps in the evolutionary process that led to this exquisite adaptation for the host, nor the 18 steps that could alter it, are known. We sought to gain insight into these processes by studying 19 Tbp specificity in Histophilus somni, a major pathogen of cattle. A past study showed that whole 20 cells of H. somni specifically bind bovine transferrin, but not transferrin from sheep and goats, 21 two bovids whose transferrins share 93% amino acid sequence identity with bovine transferrin. 22 To our surprise, we found that H. somni can use sheep and goat transferrins as iron sources for 23 growth, and that HsTbpB, but not HsTbpA, has detectable affinity for sheep and goat 24 transferrins. Furthermore, a third transferrin binding protein, HsTbpA2, also showed affinity for 25 sheep and goat transferrins. Our results show that H. somni TbpB and TbpA2 act to broaden the 26 host transferrin recognition range of H. somni. 27

Answer:
Transferrin binding protein B and Transferrin binding protein A 2 expand the transferrin 1 recognition range of Histophilus somni 2 3 Running title: TbpB and TbpA2 broaden specificity of