P: The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mamluks had been adversarial since the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453; both states vied for control of the spice trade, and the Ottomans aspired to eventually taking control of the Holy Cities of Islam. An earlier conflict, which lasted from 1485 to 1491, had led to a stalemate. By 1516, the Ottomans were free from other concernsSultan Selim I had just vanquished the Safavid Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514and turned their full might against the Mamluks, who ruled in Syria and Egypt, to complete the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East.
Answer this: What happened first: the Fall of Constantinople or the Battle of Chaldiran?

A: the Fall of Constantinople

Problem: In 2007, the Peruvian economy experienced a growth rate of 9%, the highest in Latin America, and this repeated in 2008 with a 9.8% rate; in 2006 and 2007, the Lima Stock Exchange grew by 185.24% and 168.3%, respectively. However, in the wake of the 2008 global crisis, growth for 2009 was only 0.9 percent, but rebounded to 8.8 percent the following year. The pro-market policies enacted by Fujimori, were continued by presidents Alejandro Toledo and Alan Garcia, While poverty of Lima is 8.5%, the national average is 25.8%, while the unemployment rate is 6.5% and 74% are employed formally.

How many percentage points higher with the growth rate of the Peruvian economy in 2008 compared to 2007?
Answer: .8

Q: After a few years of peace, the Ottoman Empire attacked the Habsburg Empire again. The Turks almost captured the Empire's capital of Vienna, but king of Poland John III Sobieski led a Christian alliance that defeated them in the Battle of Vienna, which shook the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe. A new Holy League was initiated by Pope Innocent XI and encompassed the Holy Roman Empire , joined by the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684 and the Tsardom of Russia in 1686. Ottomans suffered two decisive defeats against the Holy Roman Empire: the second Battle of Mohacs in 1687 and the Battle of Zenta a decade later, in 1697. On the smaller Polish front, after the battles of 1683 , Sobieski, after his proposal for the League to state a major coordinated offensive, undertook a rather unsuccessful offensive in Moldavia in 1686, with the Ottomans refusing a major engagement and harassing the army. For the next four years Poland would blockade the key fortress at Kamenets, and Ottoman Tatars would raid the borderlands. In 1691, Sobieski undertook another expedition to Moldavia, with slightly better results, but still with no decisive victories. The last battle of the campaign was the Battle of Podhajce in 1698, where Polish hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki defeated the Ottoman incursion into the Commonwealth. The League won the war in 1699 and forced the Ottoman Empire to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz. The Ottomans lost much of their European possessions, with Podolia returned to Poland.
How many years from the Battle of Mohacs did the Battle of Zenta take place?
A: 10

Problem: Coming off their Thanksgiving home win over the Jets, the Cowboys stayed at home, donned their throwbacks, and played a Week 13 Thursday night intraconference duel with the Green Bay Packers This match-up would be the first time since 1990 (Giants & 49ers) that two 10-1 teams would meet each other. In the first quarter, Dallas trailed early as Packers kicker Mason Crosby made a 47-yard field goal. Afterwards, the 'Boys took the lead as rookie kicker Nick Folk made a 26-yarder and a 51-yard field goal, along with QB Tony Romo completing a 3-yard TD pass to WR Patrick Crayton. Later, Green Bay would reply with RB Ryan Grant getting a 62-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Cowboys responded with Romo completing a 26-yard TD pass to TE Anthony Fasano, along with a 10-yard TD pass to WR Terrell Owens. The Packers would end the half with QB Aaron Rodgers completing an 11-yard TD pass to WR Greg Jennings. In the third quarter, Green Bay got a 1-yard TD run for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, Dallas' Romo hooking up with Crayton again on a 4-yard TD pass. The Packers' Crosby kicked a 52-yard field goal, and the 'Boys' Folk made a 25-yard field goal. With the win, the Cowboys improved to 11-1 (continuing to be their best start in franchise history) and also clinched a playoff berth. Hall of Fame/Former Cowboy QBs Roger Staubach and Troy Aikman were in attendance as honorary captains, along with the commemoration of the Super Bowl anniversaries of the '77 Cowboys & the '92 Cowboys. The Cowboys won the 10-1 duel with the win and improved to 11-1 while the Packers fell to 10-2. For Tony Romo, he ended this part of the season with a franchise-best 33 touchdown passes.
Answer this question based on the article: Who caught the shortest touchdown pass?
A: Crayton

Question:
The population was spread out with 39,128 people (20.6%) under the age of 18, 15,906 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 54,024 people (28.4%) aged 25 to 44, 53,978 people (28.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 26,956 people (14.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

Which age group is larger: 25 to 44 or under the age of 18?

Answer:
25 to 44

P: After a tough loss at home, the Browns traveled to take on the Packers. In the first quarter, it was all Packers as Aaron Rodgers found Jermichael Finley on a 10-yard pass taking a 7-0 lead followed up by Eddie Lacy running for a 1-yard touchdown for a 14-0 lead. In the second quarter, the Browns got on the board as Billy Cundiff kicked a 46-yard field goal 14-3 game. Though the Packers moved ahead by 2 touchdowns at halftime when Mason Crosby nailed a 26-yard field goal for a 17-3 game. In the third quarter, the Browns would score the only points when Cundiff kicked another field goal this time from 44 yards out for a 17-6 game. In the fourth quarter, the Packers went back to work as Rodgers found Jordy Nelson on a 1-yard pass for a 24-6 game. The Browns came within 11 again as Brandon Weeden found Jordan Cameron on a 2-yard pass for a 24-13 game. The Packers would later on seal the game when Rodgers found Jarrett Boykin on a 20-yard pass for the eventual final score 31-13.
Answer this: Who pass on a 20-yard?

A:
Jarrett Boykin