Q: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What writings were unavailable for research to Madhavacharya? Context: Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Carvaka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darsana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Carvaka/Lokayata text to quote from, or even refer to.
A: Carvaka/Lokayata text

Question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What is a treaty that doesn't require accompanying laws? Context: Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes.
Answer: self-executing

[Q]: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Who sometimes lived next to each other? Context: There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayana (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahayana never had nor ever attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism, and therefore each bhiksu or bhiksuni adhering to the Mahayana formally belonged to an early school. This continues today with the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage in East Asia, and the Mulasarvastivada ordination lineage in Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore Mahayana was never a separate rival sect of the early schools. From Chinese monks visiting India, we now know that both Mahayana and non-Mahayana monks in India often lived in the same monasteries side by side.
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[A]: Mahayana and non-Mahayana monks

input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: How was Black Rent taken from Cork City citizens? Context: The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English government in the Pale around Dublin. Neighbouring Gaelic and Hiberno-Norman lords extorted "Black Rent" from the citizens to keep them from attacking the city. The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork. Together, these baronies are located between the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south.
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output: extorted

Please answer this: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Data goes in what directions? Context: Latency results from the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. (Often codecs create segments called a "frame" to create discrete data segments for encoding and decoding.) The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality.
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Answer: two-way

Question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: what is the aim of the NHPRC? Context: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)the agency's grant-making armawards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.
Answer:
preserve and publish historical records