Article: The following conversation is between Susan Russell-Robinson from the US Geological Survey and Barbara Reynolds from USA Today . Q: Why , after 600 years of no activity , did Mount Pinatubo in Philippines erupt in 1991 ? A: Volcanoes each have their own eruption styles . This volcano probably has a rule which makes it erupt in the order of every 500 to 1000 years , but a volcano in Hawaii seems to erupt every year , and some of the Alaskan volcanoes might erupt every 10 or 20 years . Q: So nothing caused it ? A: There's nothing out of the ordinary . If you were to take an ordinary calendar year , 50 to 75 or 80 volcanoes erupt around the world every year . There are 20 to 30 volcanoes every month that show signs of unrest . That might be a full-blown eruption or a whole host of activities like that . Q: What is "the ring of fire" ? A: If you look at where active volcanoes are placed around the world , there are somewhere between 500 and 600 of them . There is what appears to be almost a necklace that goes around the Pacific Ocean . It makes a ring where 60% of the world's volcanoes lie . Q: Why such a concentration there ? A: That's based on a theory that the oceans and the continents are like separate pieces . When continents and when that happens it seems to produce magma at depth and then you have volcanoes in the same ring . Question: What kind of writing do you think this passage is ? Yes or no, is the answer "An interview published in the press ."?
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Article: Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn't it be kinder to the environment if you asked for paper bags instead? The answer is not the easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are _ to using both plastic bags and paper bags. According to the American Plastics Council 80 percent of groceries in the US are packed in plastic bags. "The numbers are becoming huge," said Vincent Cobb, a businessman from Chicago who set up "reusable bags. com" on the Internet. He notes that consumers use between 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags per year worldwide. Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil. Further damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish , their main source of food, and often choke on them. Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America. One expert predicts that, within ten years, plastic bags will wash up in Antarctica! However, this kind of bag does have its advantages. "Plastic grocery bags are some of the most reused things around the house," explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastics Council. According to the Film and Bag Federation, a trade group in the US plastics industry, paper bags use more energy and create more waste than plastic bags. Plastic bags require 40 per cent less energy to produce and cause 70 per cent less air pollution, the group explained. They also release as much as 94 percent less waste into the water than paper ones. But paper bags do break down more quickly than plastic bags. They don't endanger wildlife, either. So what should we do? One possible solution would be to use biodegradable plastic bags. But until biodegradable technology improves, it might be easier to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags. Question: Which of the following shows that paper bags are better than plastic ones? Yes or no, is the answer "Paper bags take less time to rot."?
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Ques: Article: Centre for Early Childhood Development & Research (CECDR) Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi June 20, 2014 The CECDR has been given permission for an ICSSR research project entitled "The Uttarakhand Disaster and Lives of Young Children & Pregnant & Lactating Mothers: An Exploratory Study of Impact, Coping & Interventions". The CECDR requires a Research Officer for the same. No of Posts - Research Officer: 1 (One) Duration - Two years (24 months) Salary - Rs. 20,000/- pm (fixed) Essential Qualifications - Post-Graduate Degree in Psychology / Social Work / Sociology / Anthropology / Child Development / Education with a Good Academic Record. Desirable: a) Previous research experience including of leading a research team b) Familiarity in working with MS Office and Statistical software c) Good conversational skills (Hindi and English, knowledge of languages spoken in Uttarakhand would be an added advantage) d) Willingness to Travel at least 15 days in a month in Uttarakhand Candidates fulfilling the above required qualifications may apply on plain paper along with their latest CV. The applications should reach "The Director, Centre for Early Childhood Development and Research" latest by July 20, 2014 either in person or by post to: Director, Centre for Early Childhood Development and Research, 1st Floor, Child Development Centre, Schools Complex, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi- 10025. Prof Zubair Meenai Director Centre for Early Childhood Development and Research Advertisement for the post of Project Assistant Applications are invited on plain paper for the post of Project Assistant (One), Rs. 14,000/- per month in an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) sponsored project entitled, "Role of small G-protein in Leishmania donovani infection", at Deptt of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025 under the guidance of Dr. Abdur Rub (Principle Investigator). The post is purely temporary and will continue till the continuation of the project (3 yrs). Essential qualifications: The candidates must be... Question: How much can you get in the first year if you are employed as the research officer? Yes or no, is the answer "Rs. 240,000."?
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Question: Article: Daniel Hillel developed drip irrigation techniques. The techniques make farming possible in places where there is not enough water. Because of this, he won this year's World Food Prize. Hillel is using the techniques in his orchards near his home in Israel. Irrigating drop by drop -- called drip irrigation -- has changed agriculture by greatly reducing the amount of water needed. Farmers now rely on it in places from Spain, to Africa, to America. "We in California grow about 50 percent of the fruits and vegetables of the continental United States," says Jan Hopmans from University of California at Davis. "And these drip irrigation techniques make it possible." Hillel got his start in dry land farming in Israel's Negev Desert in the 1950s. "The key was making good use of water," he says. "There's much land. Water is limited." These farmers did not have the advantage of running irrigation water through channels to their crops. So Hillel and others gave plants just what they needed and just where they needed it. "The idea is to use water little by little," Hillel says. It worked so well that Hillel was soon traveling around the world, showing others how to do it. Experts say drip irrigation's importance is growing, as climate change and rising population make water supplies become few in many parts of the world. "This is where water use, climate change and crop production all meet at one point," Hillel says. "And this has been really the essence of my career." A career whose importance can be measured drop by drop. Question: What makes drip irrigation seem increasingly important? Yes or no, is the answer "Water shortages."?
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