Answer the following question given this paragraph: Matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism are called homologous ("same knowledge") chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are the same length and have specific nucleotide segments called genes in exactly the same location, or locus. Genes, the functional units of chromosomes, determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins. Traits are the variations of those characteristics. For example, hair color is a characteristic with traits that are blonde, brown, or black. Each copy of a homologous pair of chromosomes originates from a different parent; therefore, the genes themselves are not identical. The variation of individuals within a species is due to the specific combination of the genes inherited from both parents. Even a slightly altered sequence of nucleotides within a gene can result in an alternative trait. For example, there are three possible gene sequences on the human chromosome that code for blood type: sequence A, sequence B, and sequence O. Because all diploid human cells have two copies of the chromosome that determines blood type, the blood type (the trait) is determined by which two versions of the marker gene are inherited. It is possible to have two copies of the same gene sequence on both homologous chromosomes, with one on each (for example, AA, BB, or OO), or two different sequences, such as AB. Minor variations of traits, such as blood type, eye color, and handedness, contribute to the natural variation found within a species. However, if the entire DNA sequence from any pair of human homologous chromosomes is compared, the difference is less than one percent. The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are the single exception to the rule of homologous chromosome uniformity: Other than a small amount of homology that is necessary to accurately produce gametes, the genes found on the X and Y chromosomes are different. Q: What functional units of chromosomes determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins? Choices: - chromosomes - DNA - cells - genes A:
genes
Answer the following question given this paragraph: New species develop naturally through the process of natural selection . Due to natural selection, organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Natural selection causes beneficial heritable traits to become more common in a population and unfavorable heritable traits to become less common. For example, a giraffe's neck is beneficial because it allows the giraffe to reach leaves high in trees. Natural selection caused this beneficial trait to become more common than short necks. Q: What is it called when organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers? Choices: - natural distribution - adaptation - evolution - natural selection A:
natural selection
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Reptiles can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Q: Reptiles can be found on every continent except which one? Choices: - south america - africa - australia - antarctica A:
A: antarctica
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solutes change the physical properties of solvents. They lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of solvents. Q: What change the physical properties of solvents? Choices: - molecules - cells - chemical reactions - solutes A:
Answer: solutes
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 4.13 Ribosomes are made up of a large subunit (top) and a small subunit (bottom). During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins. Q: During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble what into proteins? Choices: - rna acids - polymer acids - DNA Acids - amino acids A:
**Answer**
amino acids
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Homologous structures are structures that have a common function and suggest common ancestry. For example, homologous structures include the limbs of mammals, such as bats, lions, whales, and humans, which all have a common ancestor. Different mammals may use their limbs for walking, running, swimming or flying. The method the mammal uses to move is considered a common function. Q: What are structures that have a common function and suggest common ancestry? Choices: - reversible structures - analogous structures - monogamous structures - homologous structures A:
**Answer**
homologous structures