Problem: Please answer a question about the following article about Tuberculosis:
TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.
What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis?
A: phagosome
Problem: Please answer a question about the following article about Mesozoic:
The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the PermianTriassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceous) boundary is set at the CretaceousTertiary (KT) extinction event (now more accurately called the CretaceousPaleogene (or KPg) extinction event), which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatan Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have contributed to the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs.
What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?
A: Great Dying
Problem: Please answer a question about the following article about Chihuahua (state):
Nueva Vizcaya (New Biscay) was the first province of northern New Spain to be explored and settled by the Spanish. Around 1528, a group of Spaniard explorers, led by Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, first entered the actual territory of what is now Chihuahua. The conquest of the territory lasted nearly one century, and encountered fierce resistance from the Conchos tribe, but the desire of the Spanish Crown to transform the region into a bustling mining center led to a strong strategy to control the area.
Around 1528, a group of Spaniards entered the territory that now makes up what state?
A: Chihuahua
Problem: Please answer a question about the following article about 2008 Sichuan earthquake:
Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been reconstructed, with initial relocation of 25 townships, including Beichuan and Wenchuan, two of the most devastated areas. The government spent $441 billion on relief and reconstruction efforts.
Who spoke about the dead and missing people on November 21, 2008?
A:
Wei Hong