input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Communication is any way that animals share information. Many animals live in social groups. For these animals, being able to communicate is essential. Communicating increases the ability of group members to cooperate and avoid conflict. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from predators. It also helps them find mates and care for their offspring. In addition, communication helps adult animals teach the next generation learned behaviors. Therefore, communication generally improves the chances of animals surviving and reproducing. Q: For what kind of animal is communication essential? A:
OPTIONS:
- anti-social animals
- new born animals
- migrating animals
- social animals
output: social animals

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure. The minerals in the rock change but do not melt. The rock experiences these changes within the Earth. Q: Metamorphic rocks form when an existing rock is changed by heat or what? A:

OPTIONS:
- radiation
- chemical reaction
- cold
- pressure

A: pressure

input: OPTIONS:
- kilocalorie
- pollenation
- Molecules
- molecularity Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The number of reactant molecules in an elementary step is referred to as its molecularity. The vast majority of elementary steps are unimolecular or bimolecular. Q: What property is associated with the number of reactant molecules involved in an elementary step? A:
A:
output: molecularity

Answer the following question given this paragraph: the history of galactic evolution has been, and the nature of space in their vicinity. However, so many black holes are now known that correlations between black hole mass and galactic nuclei characteristics are being studied. What is the mechanism for the energy output of quasars? These distant and extraordinarily energetic objects now seem to be early stages of galactic evolution with a supermassive black-hole-devouring material. Connections are now being made with galaxies having energetic cores, and there is evidence consistent with less consuming, supermassive black holes at the center of older galaxies. New instruments are allowing us to see deeper into our own galaxy for evidence of our own massive black hole. Q: What distant and extraordinarily energetic objects now seem to be early stages of galactic evolution with a supermassive black-hole-devouring material? A:

OPTIONS:
- pulsars
- stars
- neutrinos
- quasars

Answer: quasars

Problem: OPTIONS:
- currents
- flows
- tides
- waves
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities. Q: Electromagnetic specturm is the full spectrum of raidant energy, which is energy emitted and transmitted as what? A:
Answer: waves

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hormonal Regulation of Growth Hormonal regulation is required for the growth and replication of most cells in the body. Growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland, accelerates the rate of protein synthesis, particularly in skeletal muscle and bones. Growth hormone has direct and indirect mechanisms of action. The first direct action of GH is stimulation of triglyceride breakdown (lipolysis) and release into the blood by adipocytes. This results in a switch by most tissues from utilizing glucose as an energy source to utilizing fatty acids. This process is called a glucose-sparing effect. In another direct mechanism, GH stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver; the glycogen is then released into the blood as glucose. Blood glucose levels increase as most tissues are utilizing fatty acids instead of glucose for their energy needs. The GH mediated increase in blood glucose levels is called a diabetogenic effect because it is similar to the high blood glucose levels seen in diabetes mellitus. The indirect mechanism of GH action is mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) or somatomedins, which are a family of growth-promoting proteins produced by the liver, which stimulates tissue growth. IGFs stimulate the uptake of amino acids from the blood, allowing the formation of new proteins, particularly in skeletal muscle cells, cartilage cells, and other target cells, as shown in Figure 37.13. This is especially important after a meal, when glucose and amino acid concentration levels are high in the blood. GH levels are regulated by two hormones produced by the hypothalamus. GH release is stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and is inhibited by growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH), also called somatostatin. Q: What is the first direct action of growth hormone? A:

OPTIONS:
- stimulation of monoglyceride breakdown
- stimulation of monoglyceride production
- stimulation of triglyceride production
- stimulation of triglyceride breakdown

Answer:
stimulation of triglyceride breakdown