Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Jim suffered heart problems. In conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was drawing to a close. When his heart problems led to operation, Jim went through it successfully, and a full recovery was expected. Within days, however, his heart was not beating properly. Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness. He died on the operating table on the day before his 48th birthday. Dr. Bruce Smoller, a psychologist , had had many conversations with him, and the more he learned, the stranger he realized Jim's case was. When Jim was a child, his father, a teacher, suffered a heart attack and stayed home to recover. One morning Jim asked his father to look over his homework, promising to come home from school at noon to pick it up. His father agreed, but when Jim returned his father had died. Jim's father was 48. "I think all his life Jim believed he killed his father," Dr. Smoller says. "He felt that if he had not asked him to look at his homework, his father would have lived. Jim had been troubled by the idea. The operation was the trial he had expected for forty years. " Smoller believes that Jim willed himself not to live to the age of 48. Jim's case shows the powerful role that attitude plays in physical health, and that childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups. Although most cases are less direct than Jim's, studies show that childhood events, besides genes, may well cause such midlife diseases as cancer, heart disease and mental illness.

1. What are midlife diseases?
2. How old was Jim when his father died?
3. What did he his dad do for a living?
4. What did the son need help with?
5. Did he believe that it killed his dad?
6. What happened when he was 47?
7. Was he expected to survive the surgery?
8. Who analyzed Jim?
9. What does he do?
10. Did Jim & Smoller talk much?
11. What effects the health of adults?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Cancer, heart disease and mental illness.
2. Eight
3. He was a teacher,
4. his homework
5. Dr. Smoller thiought so.
6. He died on the operating table.
7. a full recovery was expected for the first surgery.
8. Dr. Bruce Smoller
9. he is a psychologist
10. They had had many conversations
11. Attitude.

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla. Traditionally, some textbooks from the United States used a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaeabacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria) while textbooks in Great Britain, India, Australia, Latin America and other countries used five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera). Some recent classifications based on modern cladistics have explicitly abandoned the term "kingdom", noting that the traditional kingdoms are not monophyletic, i.e., do not consist of all the descendants of a common ancestor.

When Carolus Linnaeus introduced the rank-based system of nomenclature into biology in 1735, the highest rank was given the name "kingdom" and was followed by four other main or principal ranks: class, order, genus and species. Later two further main ranks were introduced, making the sequence kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus and species. In the 1960s a rank was introduced above kingdom, namely domain (or empire), so that kingdom is no longer the highest rank.

Prefixes can be added so "subkingdom" ("subregnum") and "infrakingdom" (also known as "infraregnum") are the two ranks immediately below kingdom. Superkingdom may be considered as an equivalent of domain or empire or as an independent rank between kingdom and domain or subdomain. In some classification systems the additional rank "branch" (Latin: "ramus") can be inserted between subkingdom and infrakingdom (e.g. Protostomia and Deuterostomia in the classification of Cavalier-Smith).

1. Which rank is this article about?
2. What is above it?
3. And below it?
4. How many kingdoms does the US recognize?
5. And elsewhere?
6. How many kingdoms do they agree on?
7. Which ones are those?
8. What kingdoms does the US have that the others don't?
9. And which ones do others have that the US doesn't?
10. Who created this system?
11. When?
12. What science is this part of?
13. Was kingdom the highest rank at first?
14. Is it still?
15. Why not?
16. What's another name for domain?
17. Originally how many ranks were below kingdom?
18. What were they?
19. Is it still like that?
20. What happened?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. Kingdom
2. domain
3. phyla
4. Six
5. Five
6. Four
7. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista
8. Archaea/Archaeabacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria
9. Monera
10. Carolus Linnaeus
11. 1735
12. biology
13. yes
14. no
15. in the 1960s a rank was introduced above kingdom
16. empire
17. four
18. class, order, genus and species
19. no
20. later, 2 other ranks were introduced

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Walter owns three Italian restaurants which are running very well in Rhode Island in America. Every day his restaurants welcome crowds of customers all over the world. He studied to be a cook, but he sees now that his success is the result of a lifetime education. When he opened his first restaurant, all of a sudden his schooling knowledge , the history of his family and his ethics of his father _ . It made him a person who studied and explored the secrets in the food business. Walter's learning never stops. He says " The food business is one where you need to stay on top. Cooks should be trained. You have to keep on studying or you will be left behind." So he spent more time in reading. Every time he gets new ideas from the book, he brings them into his work. Walter also has a clear understanding about success. That is he would like to be remembered as a person who is creative, who believes in the Italian cooking culture in America. Food is like a bridge connecting to the past, to the family and to the country. He says "Success to me is not how much money I make, but if at the end of the day I am able to make fifteen or twenty customers happy, I'm a happy man."

1. Who owns three restaurants?
2. What kind?
3. In which state?
4. How are they doing?
5. What did he study to be?
6. Does his learning ever quit?
7. Did he explore secrets?
8. In the Casino business?
9. Does he think chefs should go to school?
10. Did he spend less time on books?
11. Does he hope to be seen as creative?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. Walter
2. Italian restaurants
3. Rhode Island in America
4. fine
5. food business
6. no
7. yes
8. yes
9. yes
10. no
11. yes