Answer the following question given this paragraph: Isotopes are named for their number of protons plus neutrons. If a carbon atom had 7 neutrons, what would it be named?. Q: Isotopes are named for their number of ______ plus neutrons? A:
OPTIONS:
- electrons
- atoms
- nuclei
- protons

Answer: protons

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: As the membrane depolarizes, another set of ion channels called voltage-gated sodium channels are triggered to open. Sodium ions enter the muscle fiber, and an action potential rapidly spreads (or "fires") along the entire membrane to initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Things happen very quickly in the world of excitable membranes (just think about how quickly you can snap your fingers as soon as you decide to do it). Immediately following depolarization of the membrane, it repolarizes, re-establishing the negative membrane potential. Meanwhile, the ACh in the synaptic cleft is degraded by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) so that the ACh cannot rebind to a receptor and reopen its channel, which would cause unwanted extended muscle excitation and contraction. Propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma is the excitation portion of excitation-contraction coupling. Recall that this excitation actually triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca++) from its storage in the cell's SR. For the action potential to reach the membrane of the SR, there are periodic invaginations in the sarcolemma, called T-tubules ("T" stands for "transverse"). You will recall that the diameter of a muscle fiber can be up to 100 m, so these T-tubules ensure that the membrane can get close to the SR in the sarcoplasm. The arrangement of a T-tubule with the membranes of SR on either side is called a triad (Figure 10.7). The triad surrounds the cylindrical structure called a myofibril, which contains actin and myosin. Q: What is the arrangement of a t-tubule with the membranes of sr on either side called? A:
OPTIONS:
- aracnid
- orchid
- acid
- triad
Answer: triad

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 15.2 Sponges and Cnidarians Animals included in phylum Porifera are parazoans and do not possess true tissues. These organisms show a simple organization. Sponges have multiple cell types that are geared toward executing various metabolic functions. Cnidarians have outer and inner tissue layers sandwiching a noncellular mesoglea. Cnidarians possess a well-formed digestive system and carry out extracellular digestion. The cnidocyte is a specialized cell for delivering toxins to prey and predators. Cnidarians have separate sexes. They have a life cycle that involves morphologically distinct formsmedusoid and polypoidat various stages in their life cycle. Q: Porifera are parazoans that exhibit simple organization and lack true what? A:
OPTIONS:
- molecules
- nuclei
- cell membranes
- tissues
output: tissues

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Dirt that gets on our hands can be difficult to remove by rinsing with cold water. What are some things that you can do to increase the solubility of dirt, making it easier to dissolve in running water?. Q: Increasing what property of dirt would make it easier to rinse off your hands? A:

OPTIONS:
- turbidity
- density
- viscosity
- solubility

A: solubility

input: OPTIONS:
- brain stem
- amygdala
- orbital lobe
- spinal cord Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: White Columns Just as the gray matter is separated into horns, the white matter of the spinal cord is separated into columns. Ascending tracts of nervous system fibers in these columns carry sensory information up to the brain, whereas descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain. Looking at the spinal cord longitudinally, the columns extend along its length as continuous bands of white matter. Between the two posterior horns of gray matter are the posterior columns. Between the two anterior horns, and bounded by the axons of motor neurons emerging from that gray matter area, are the anterior columns. The white matter on either side of the spinal cord, between the posterior horn and the axons of the anterior horn neurons, are the lateral columns. The posterior columns are composed of axons of ascending tracts. The anterior and lateral columns are composed of many different groups of axons of both ascending and descending tractsthe latter carrying motor commands down from the brain to the spinal cord to control output to the periphery. Q: The brain is said to contain gray matter, while what related structure contains white matter separated into columns? A:
A:
output: spinal cord

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Centripetal force is, simply, the force that causes centripetal acceleration. Objects that move in uniform circular motion all have an acceleration toward the center of the circle and therefore, they must also suffer a force toward the center of the circle. That force is the centripetal force. For orbiting satellites, such as the moon orbiting the earth or the earth orbiting the sun, the centripetal force is produced by gravity. When an Olympic hammer thrower whirls a massive ball on a chain, the centripetal force is created by the athlete and transmitted by the chain. Q: What produces the centripetal force to keep the earth orbiting the sun? A:
OPTIONS:
- heat
- motion
- weight
- gravity
Answer:
gravity