instruction:
Given an abstract, indicate which of the provided candidate titles (Option1 and Option2) best describes it (respond with the text of the title, not option1/2).
question:
Abstract: Seventy-five patients, 80-90 years old, each having approximately three associated diseases, underwent a total of 104 gastrointestinal endoscopies. Of these, 73 were upper (29 emergencies) and 31 lower endoscopies (21 were rigid sigmoidoscopies). There were two very mild short-lived complications; vomiting and bleeding. We found 16 gastric ulcers, 16 duodenal or pyloric ulcers, and 11 cases of esophagitis. Bleeding duodenal (8) or gastric (4) ulcers and polyps or malignant tumors (7) were seen less often. In 34 of 68 lesions the endoscopic and x-ray findings were the same. In the other 34 there were 10 endoscopic failures to identify colonic diverticula, hiatus hernia, and gastroesophageal reflux that were seen radiologically. In 24 patients, diagnoses were not made radiologically, but were recognized at endoscopy. The safety and accuracy of endoscopy in the old and sick does not differ from that in younger patients.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Gastrointestinal endoscopy in octagenarians. option2: Japan: body light points to health [news]
answer:
Gastrointestinal endoscopy in octagenarians.

question:
Abstract: Little is known about the reflex effect on airway caliber evoked by stimulation of phrenic afferents. Therefore, in chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed dogs, we recorded airflow, airway pressure, arterial pressure, and heart rate while electrically stimulating a phrenic nerve. Total lung resistance was calculated breath by breath. The phrenic nerve was stimulated at 3, 5, 20, 70, 140, and 200 times motor threshold and the compound action potential was recorded. Stimulation of the phrenic nerve at three and five times threshold, which activated groups I, II, and a few group III fibers, had no effect on any of the variables measured. Stimulation at 20 times threshold, which activated many group III fibers and groups I and II fibers, reflexly decreased resistance. Stimulation at 70, 140, and 200 times threshold, which activated groups I-IV fibers, evoked progressively greater decreases in lung resistance. The reflex bronchodilation evoked by phrenic nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol or phentolamine but was abolished by atropine. We conclude that activation of groups III and IV phrenic nerve afferents reflexly decreased total lung resistance by withdrawing cholinergic tone to airway smooth muscle.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Stimulation of groups III and IV phrenic afferents reflexly decreases total lung resistance in dogs. option2: Drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program on 15,438 consecutive inpatients, 1975 to 1982.
answer:
Stimulation of groups III and IV phrenic afferents reflexly decreases total lung resistance in dogs.

question:
Abstract: Scintigraphy with radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine was performed in a patient with MEN Type IIa having a pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland, adrenomedullary hyperplasia of the left adrenal gland and a primary medullary thyroid carcinoma. The scintigraphic findings demonstrate visualization of all the above mentioned pathologies.
Which is the apt title for the abstract? option1: Imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperfunctioning adrenal medulla using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine. option2: Progressive hyperopia in radial keratotomy. Long-term follow-up of diamond-knife and metal-blade series.
answer:
Imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperfunctioning adrenal medulla using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine.