[Q]: Process: - A red giant burns mass - This mass creates high core temperatures - The mass decreases - The red giant can no longer fuse the carbon and oxygen in its center - The gravity of the star can no longer hold the outside layers - The layers break away - Only the inner core remains - This inner core is known as a white dwarf. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose plants die in soft mud more often happens, how will it affect If the mass of the core increases. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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[A]: no

input: Please answer the following: Process: - Chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen are released into the air - These substances rise into the high atmosphere - They react with water and oxygen - This creates a more acidic rain - The rain with the high acid content falls. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more acidic rain created happens, how will it affect MORE damage by acid rain. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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output: yes

Please answer this: Process: - Water evaporates from the ground up to the sky - Water droplets are in clouds - The air gets cold - Water droplets turn into ice crystals - Ice crystals in clouds stick together and become snowflakes. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the steam engine can't take coal happens, how will it affect MORE snow. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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Answer: no

Problem: Process: - Water in the clouds becomes very cold - The cold water forms ice crystals - The ice crystals grow by absorbing surrounding water droplets - Form snowflakes - The snowflakes fall to the ground. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose cool air falls from above happens, how will it affect more ice crystals will form. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes

Problem: Given the question: Process: - A conducting metal, like copper, is wrapped around a piece of metal - An electrical source, like a battery, produces an electrical current - The electrical current flows through the wire - The electrical current creates a magnetic field around the wire, magnetizing the metal - The magnetic field can be turned on and off by starting or stopping the electricity source - Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more space available happens, how will it affect a WEAKER electromagnet. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
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The answer is:
yes

Problem: Process: - A dam is built in an area prone to flooding - A large amount of rain occurs - The water builds up behind the dam - The dam opens its floodgates when it starts to get full - The water flows into a river below the dam - The dam closes its gates - The dam will occasionally open its gates again to gradually release more water - Eventually all of the floodwater will be slowly released into the river without causing any flood damage. Perturbation hypothesis: suppose drought levels at a dam increase happens, how will it affect the rain levels increase at a dam. Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A:
yes