Question: Q: What forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Fog forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air. Choices: - smoke - tsunamis - sandstorms - fog A:
Answer: fog

Question: Q: Sympathetic stimulation also triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which enhance both cardiac output and what else? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: pressure and maintaining blood flow. Ultimately, however, blood volume will need to be restored, either through physiological processes or through medical intervention. In response to blood loss, stimuli from the baroreceptors trigger the cardiovascular centers to stimulate sympathetic responses to increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction. This typically prompts the heart rate to increase to about 180200 contractions per minute, restoring cardiac output to normal levels. Vasoconstriction of the arterioles increases vascular resistance, whereas constriction of the veins increases venous return to the heart. Both of these steps will help increase blood pressure. Sympathetic stimulation also triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which enhance both cardiac output and vasoconstriction. If blood loss were less than 20 percent of total blood volume, these responses together would usually return blood pressure to normal and redirect the remaining blood to the tissues. Additional endocrine involvement is necessary, however, to restore the lost blood volume. The angiotensin-reninaldosterone mechanism stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus, which increases fluid consumption to help restore the lost blood. More importantly, it increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water, reducing water loss in urine output. The kidneys also increase the production of EPO, stimulating the formation of erythrocytes that not only deliver oxygen to the tissues but also increase overall blood volume. Figure 20.21 summarizes the responses to loss of blood volume. Choices: - vasodilation - inhibition - digestion - vasoconstriction A:
Answer: vasoconstriction

Question: Q: Compounds containing an atom of what element, bonded in a hydrocarbon framework, are classified as amines? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: 20.2 Alcohols and Ethers Many organic compounds that are not hydrocarbons can be thought of as derivatives of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon derivative can be formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon by a functional group, which contains at least one atom of an element other than carbon or hydrogen. The properties of hydrocarbon derivatives are determined largely by the functional group. The OH group is the functional group of an alcohol. The ROR group is the functional group of an ether. 20.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters Functional groups related to the carbonyl group include the CHO group of an aldehyde, the CO group of a ketone, the CO2H group of a carboxylic acid, and the CO2R group of an ester. The carbonyl group, a carbon-oxygen double bond, is the key structure in these classes of organic molecules: Aldehydes contain at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, ketones contain two carbon groups attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, carboxylic acids contain a hydroxyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon atom, and esters contain an oxygen atom attached to another carbon group connected to the carbonyl carbon atom. All of these compounds contain oxidized carbon atoms relative to the carbon atom of an alcohol group. 20.4 Amines and Amides The addition of nitrogen into an organic framework leads to two families of molecules. Compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded in a hydrocarbon framework are classified as amines. Compounds that have a nitrogen atom bonded to one side of a carbonyl group are classified as amides. Amines are a basic functional group. Amines and carboxylic acids can combine in a condensation reaction to form amides. Choices: - oxygen - hydrogen - ammonia - nitrogen A:
Answer:
nitrogen