Q:Information: - The term interdiscipline or inter-discipline means an organizational unit that involves two or more academic disciplines, but which have the formal criteria of disciplines such as dedicated research journals, conferences and university departments. It is related to interdisciplinarity, but it is a noun used for a certain kind of unit (academic discipline). As shown in the example of demography below a field may be both a discipline and an interdiscipline at the same time. The example of Information science demonstrates that a field may be regarded as a discipline in some countries but an interdiscipline in other countries. - The term knowledge organization ( KO ) ( or '' organization of knowledge '' , '' organization of information '' or '' information organization '' ) designates a field of study related to Library and Information Science ( LIS ) . In this meaning , KO is about activities such as document description , indexing and classification performed in libraries , databases , archives etc. These activities are done by librarians , archivists , subject specialists as well as by computer algorithms . KO as a field of study is concerned with the nature and quality of such knowledge organizing processes ( KOP ) ( such as taxonomy and ontology ) as well as the knowledge organizing systems ( KOS ) used to organize documents , document representations and concepts . There exist different historical and theoretical approaches to and theories about organizing knowledge , which are related to different views of knowledge , cognition , language , and social organization . Each of these approaches tends to answer the question : '' What is knowledge organization ? '' differently . Traditional human - based activities are increasingly challenged by computer - based retrieval techniques . It is appropriate to investigate the relative contributions of different approaches ; the current challenges make it imperative to reconsider this understanding . The leading journal in this field is Knowledge Organization published by the International Society for Knowledge Organization ( ISKO ) . See also '' Lifeboat for Knowledge Organization '' . - Museology, or museum studies (also known in older sources as museography), is the study of museums, museum curation, art exhibitions and how museums developed into their institutional role in education through social and political forces. Museologists also organize the display of artifacts in museums; organize exhibitions by choosing the display items; make purchases of rare and new collections for museum enrichment; identify, examine, clean, preserve, display or store art objects; and conduct educational programs and training courses. - Library science (often termed library studies, library and information science, bibliothecography, library economy) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information. Martin Schrettinger, a Bavarian librarian, coined the discipline within his work (1808-1828) "Versuch eines vollstandigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft oder Anleitung zur vollkommenen Geschaftsfuhrung eines Bibliothekars". Rather than classifying information based on nature-oriented elements, as was previously done in his Bavarian library, Schrettinger organized books in alphabetical order. The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1887. It is an aspect of the broader field of librarianship. - Library and information science (LIS) (sometimes given as the plural library and information sciences) or as "library and information studies" is a merging of library science and information science. The joint term is associated with schools of library and information science (abbreviated to "SLIS"). In the last part of 1960s, schools of librarianship, which generally developed from professional training programs (not academic disciplines) to university institutions during the second half of the 20th century, began to add the term "information science" to their names. The first school to do this was at the University of Pittsburgh in 1964. More schools followed during the 1970s and 1980s, and by the 1990s almost all library schools in the USA had added information science to their names. Weaver Press: Although there are exceptions, similar developments have taken place in other parts of the world. In Denmark, for example, the 'Royal School of Librarianship' changed its English name to The Royal School of Library and Information Science in 1997. Exceptions include Troms, Norway, where the term documentation science is the preferred name of the field, France, where information science and communication studies form one interdiscipline, and Sweden, where the fields of Archival science, Library science and Museology have been integrated as Archival, Library and Museum studies. - Archival science, or archival studies, is the study and theory of building and curating archives, which are collections of recordings and data storage devices. - Documentation is a set of documents provided on paper, or online, or on digital or analog media, such as audio tape or CDs. Examples are user guides, white papers, on-line help, quick-reference guides. It is becoming less common to see paper (hard-copy) documentation. Documentation is distributed via websites, software products, and other on-line applications. - Information science is an interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within the field study the application and usage of knowledge in organizations, along with the interaction between people, organizations and any existing information systems, with the aim of creating, replacing, improving, or understanding information systems. Information science is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of computer science; however, it predates computer science and is a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of computer science, but often diverse fields such as archival science, cognitive science, commerce, communications, law, library science, museology, management, mathematics, philosophy, public policy, and the social sciences. What object entity has the relation of 'instance of' with the subject 'knowledge organization'? Choices: - american school - application - branch - classification - communication - computer - copy - data - economy - education - field - information - library - library science - line - museum - name - organization - organizational unit - paper - part - policy - professional - public - reference - research - science - set - software - store - term - theory - time - training - understanding - university
A:
library science