Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Photosynthesis provides over 99 percent of the energy for life on earth. A much smaller group of autotrophs - mostly bacteria in dark or low-oxygen environments - produce food using the chemical energy stored in inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or methane. While photosynthesis transforms light energy to chemical energy, this alternate method of making food transfers chemical energy from inorganic to organic molecules. It is therefore called chemosynthesis , and is characteristic of the tubeworms shown in Figure below . Some of the most recently discovered chemosynthetic bacteria inhabit deep ocean hot water vents or "black smokers. " There, they use the energy in gases from the Earth's interior to produce food for a variety of unique heterotrophs: giant tube worms, blind shrimp, giant white crabs, and armored snails. Some scientists think that chemosynthesis may support life below the surface of Mars, Jupiter's moon, Europa, and other planets as well. Ecosystems based on chemosynthesis may seem rare and exotic, but they too illustrate the absolute dependence of heterotrophs on autotrophs for food. Q: What process provides over 99 percent of the energy for life on earth? A: | OPTIONS:
- farming
- glycolysis
- fracking
- photosynthesis
A: photosynthesis

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 1.17 This phylogenetic tree was constructed by microbiologist Carl Woese using data obtained from sequencing ribosomal RNA genes. The tree shows the separation of living organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes, single-celled organisms lacking intracellular organelles. (credit: Eric Gaba; NASA Astrobiology Institute). Q: What scientist constructed a tree diagram, separating living organisms into three domains? A: | OPTIONS:
- Gibbs
- CT Fletcher
- Mendel
- carl woese
A: carl woese

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Birds learn through conditioning to avoid eating monarch butterflies. Q: How do birds learn to avoid eating monarch butterflies? A: | OPTIONS:
- instinct
- temperature
- digestion
- conditioning
A: conditioning

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation. Q: Clouds are formed from what? A: | OPTIONS:
- ice crystals
- snow flakes
- dust particles
- water droplets
A: water droplets