TASK DEFINITION: Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.
PROBLEM: Abstract: Instability of the knee is frequently found in association with congenital leg-length discrepancy. We have studied six such patients clinically, radiologically and arthroscopically. Clinical signs of knee instability and significant radiological changes were present in all, and at arthroscopy the anterior cruciate ligament was completely absent in four patients and functionless in the other two. This deficiency appears to be a congenital condition which may predispose to meniscus injury or retropatellar pain; it may also lead to subluxation or dislocation of the knee during leg-lengthening procedures.

SOLUTION: Adolescence

PROBLEM: Abstract: VEPs were recorded with three different spatial frequencies of stimulation in patients affected by idiopathic Parkinsonism and by Parkinsonian syndromes. The detection of VEP abnormalities in Parkinson's disease was dependent on the spatial frequency of the visual stimulus (a vertical square wave grating). The VEP latency was normal in Parkinsonian syndrome patients (except in one patient affected by familial Parkinsonism). Dopamine precursor therapy differently reduced the VEP latency, depending on the spatial frequency of the visual stimulus. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic mechanism involved in the generation of VEP delays is sensitive to stimulus spatial frequency. The study of VEPs before and after the administration of haloperidol confirmed this hypothesis. VEP latency did not correlate with the major clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease and could not predict the results of chronic dopaminergic therapy.

SOLUTION: Adult

PROBLEM: Abstract: Release of prostaglandin E (PGE) was examined in leukocyte cultures from patients with definite MS who had had at least one recent exacerbation, others with chronic progressive or stable MS, and healthy controls. MS patients had higher baseline levels of PGE than did controls. Patients with active symptoms exhibited a sharp increase in PGE release early in or just before the onset of clinical symptoms. Levels dropped early in exacerbation immediately after the burst in PGE synthesis activity. Values gradually increased to control levels and then to preexacerbation levels. Similar rises and falls were not seen in stable MS. MS patients may have a circulating population of activated leukocytes that produce PGE.

SOLUTION:
Acute Disease