Problem: Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put organisms at a selective advantage in evolutionary terms. However, rhythmicity appears to be as important in regulating and coordinating internal metabolic processes, as in coordinating with the environment. This is suggested by the maintenance (heritability) of circadian rhythms in fruit flies after several hundred generations in constant laboratory conditions, as well as in creatures in constant darkness in the wild, and by the experimental elimination of behavioral, but not physiological, circadian rhythms in quail.

Norwegian researchers at the University of Troms have shown that some Arctic animals (ptarmigan, reindeer) show circadian rhythms only in the parts of the year that have daily sunrises and sunsets. In one study of reindeer, animals at 70 degrees North showed circadian rhythms in the autumn, winter and spring, but not in the summer. Reindeer on Svalbard at 78 degrees North showed such rhythms only in autumn and spring. The researchers suspect that other Arctic animals as well may not show circadian rhythms in the constant light of summer and the constant dark of winter.
1. What are light and food categorized as?
2. What kind?
3. Do certain rhythms let living things prepare for things?
4. What kind?
5. What do they generally prepare for?
6. What sort?
7. Are these changes sporadic?
8. How are they described?
9. What is the nationality of scientists at the University?
10. What university?
11. What many examples of arctic animals are given?
12. What is the first one?
13. And the second one?
14. Do these animals display circadian rhythms?
15. In what times of the year?
16. What season was not mentioned as one in which an animal at 70 degrees North displays rhythms?
17. How many seasons did the animal on Svalbard at 78 display rhythms?
18. What is the first one mentioned?
19. And the second one?
20. What allows living things to make the best of resources of the environment?
Answer: 1. Resources
2. Environmental
3. Yes
4. Circadian
5. Changes
6. Environmental
7. No
8. Regular
9. Norwegian
10. University of Troms
11. Two
12. Ptarmigan
13. Reindeer
14. Yes
15. Parts that have daily sunrises and sunsets
16. Summer
17. Two
18. Autumn
19. Spring
20. Circadian rhythms

Q: Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point of the Christian faith. It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians. Christians make up a majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. They believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.

Christian theology is summarized in creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed. These professions of faith state that Jesus suffered, died, was buried, descended into hell, and rose from the dead, in order to grant eternal life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the remission of their sins. The creeds further maintain that Jesus physically ascended into heaven, where he reigns with God the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit, and that he will return to judge the living and the dead and grant eternal life to his followers. His incarnation, earthly ministry, crucifixion and resurrection are often referred to as "the gospel", meaning "good news". The term "gospel" also refers to written accounts of Jesus' life and teaching, four of whichMatthew, Mark, Luke, and Johnare considered canonical and included in the Christian Bible.

Answer the following questions:
1. What type of belief system is Christianity?
2. WHat is it founded on?
3. How many believers are there?
4. Does that mean it is a minor religion?
5. How does it rank among the global faiths?
6. In how many nations is it popular?
7. WHat do they call the main figure in their religion?
8. Do they have another name for him?
9. WHat is it?
10. What is written about his life?
11. Why is it called that?
12. WHo wrote them?
13. Is everyhting in them happy?
A: 1. monotheisti
2. on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
3. over 2.4billion followers
4. no
5. It is the world's largest religion
6. in 158 countries and territories
7. Jesus Christ
8. yes
9. Son of God
10. gospel
11. because it means good news
12. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
13. unknown

Problem: (CNN) -- Rafael Nadal must get past big-serving home hope Andy Roddick to have a shot at his first title in 11 months at the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami.

The Spanish fourth seed crushed No. 8 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga of France 6-3 6-2 on Wednesday night to move into the semifinals of the ATP Tour event, which has already seen top-ranked Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray fall by the wayside.

Sixth seed Roddick is hoping to repeat his 2004 victory, with the American in similarly dominant form as he dispatched Nadal's 33rd-seeded compatriot Nicolas Almagro 6-3 6-3.

Nadal, twice a losing finalist in the southern American city, also reached the last four at Indian Wells two weeks ago on his return from a knee injury.

"When you play against Andy, it always is a big challenge," he told the ATP Tour Web site.

"His serve, and he's a very good competitor. He's a winner. Gonna be a very tough match, no? I think I have to play my best tennis to try to win."

Roddick, who has not dropped a set so far, will take on a player who will return to No. 3 in the world rankings next week following defending champion Murray's second-round exit.

He reached the final at Indian Wells before losing to Nadal's conqueror Ivan Ljubicic, and was also a semifinalist in Miami in 2008.

"Sometimes when you're not playing well, everything feels a little bit forced. When you play a lot of matches and play a high level, it feels like everything kind of slows down a little bit," he told the ATP site.
1. What seed is Roddick?
2. What victory does he want to duplicate?
3. Who must get past him in order to have a shot at the title?
4. Where does he have the opportunity to win that title?
5. In which City?
6. How many top ranked players have already fallen out of the running?
7. Who are they?
8. Who did Roddick defeat in his 2004 match?
9. Who says that Roddick will be a big challenge?
10. What part of Andy's playing does he find particularly difficult to surmount?
11. Who else was a semifinalist in 2008?
12. In what city?
Answer:
1. Sixth
2. 2004
3. Rafael Nadal
4. at the Sony Ericsson Open
5. Miami
6. three
7. Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray
8. Nicolas Almagro
9. Nadal
10. His serve
11. Ivan Ljubicic
12. Miami