Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sunlight is turned into electricity at a solar power plant. These power plants use a large group of mirrors to focus sunlight on one place. This place is called a receiver ( Figure below ). At the receiver, a liquid such as oil or water is heated to a high temperature. The liquid transfers its heat by conduction . In conduction, energy moves between two objects that are in contact. The higher temperature object transfers heat to the lower temperature object. For example, when you heat a pot of water on a stove top, energy moves from the pot to its metal handle by conduction. At a solar power plant, the energy conducted by the heated liquid is used to make electricity. Q: When you heat a pot of water on a stove top, energy moves from the pot to its metal handle by what process? A:
OPTIONS:
- induction
- convection
- thermal radiation
- conduction
conduction

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nephrologist A nephrologist studies and deals with diseases of the kidneysboth those that cause kidney failure (such as diabetes) and the conditions that are produced by kidney disease (such as hypertension). Blood pressure, blood volume, and changes in electrolyte balance come under the purview of a nephrologist. Nephrologists usually work with other physicians who refer patients to them or consult with them about specific diagnoses and treatment plans. Patients are usually referred to a nephrologist for symptoms such as blood or protein in the urine, very high blood pressure, kidney stones, or renal failure. Nephrology is a subspecialty of internal medicine. To become a nephrologist, medical school is followed by additional training to become certified in internal medicine. An additional two or more years is spent specifically studying kidney disorders and their accompanying effects on the body. Q: A nephrologist studies and deals with diseases of what organ? A:
OPTIONS:
- lungs
- brains
- stomach
- kidneys

Answer: kidneys

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Excretory organs that conserve what essential substance help terrestrial animals to avoid desiccation? A:
OPTIONS:
- metabolytes
- air
- food
- water
Answer: water

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Investigations are at the heart of science. They are how scientists add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world. Scientific investigations produce evidence that helps answer questions. Even if the evidence cannot provide answers, it may still be useful. It may lead to new questions for investigation. As more knowledge is discovered, science advances. Q: What methods allow scientists to add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world? A:
OPTIONS:
- early investigations
- slow investigations
- close investigations
- through investigations
output: through investigations

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are very large. Some contain thousands of monomer molecules. Q: Most biochemical molecules are macromolecules, meaning that they are what? A:

OPTIONS:
- very dense
- very small
- very abundant
- very large

A: very large

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Stem Cell Research Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and repair body tissues. The mechanisms that induce a non-differentiated cell to become a specialized cell are poorly understood. In a laboratory setting, it is possible to induce stem cells to differentiate into specialized cells by changing the physical and chemical conditions of growth. Several sources of stem cells are used experimentally and are classified according to their origin and potential for differentiation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extracted from embryos and are pluripotent. The adult stem cells that are present in many organs and differentiated tissues, such as bone marrow and skin, are multipotent, being limited in differentiation to the types of cells found in those tissues. The stem cells isolated from umbilical cord blood are also multipotent, as are cells from deciduous teeth (baby teeth). Researchers have recently developed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse and human adult stem cells. These cells are genetically reprogrammed multipotent adult cells that function like embryonic stem cells; they are capable of generating cells characteristic of all three germ layers. Because of their capacity to divide and differentiate into specialized cells, stem cells offer a potential treatment for diseases such as diabetes and heart disease (Figure 3.36). Cell-based therapy refers to treatment in which stem cells induced to differentiate in a growth dish are injected into a patient to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues. Many obstacles must be overcome for the... Q: Found in cord blood and other sources, what kind of cells hold the promise of renewing and repairing body tissues? A:
OPTIONS:
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- neurons
- stem cells
stem cells