In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Example: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
Example solution: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Example explanation: It's a correct title because the paragraph described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.

Problem: A mong the infl ammatory processes triggering COPD exacerbations, respiratory tract viral infections are prime suspects. Although fi rst localized in the upper-respiratory tract (URT), these infections could trigger a cascade of infl ammatory events 1,2 that lead to clinically signifi cant exacerbations. Current guidelines recommend the administration of antibiotics based mainly on clinical criteria, 1 leading inevitably to an overuse of antibiotics, which is estimated to occur in approximately 55% of all acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). 3 The participation of viral infections in AECOPD has been confi rmed in many studies. 4-7 The most recent reports using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods led to a positive detection of viral nucleic acids in 30% to 60% of AECOPD cases. 5,8-12 However, the role of recently identifi ed viruses, such as coronavirus NL63 and HKU1 and human bocavirus as well as the new human rhinoviruses C, which are reported as the most frequent ones circulating in the community, 13, 14 has not yet been fully established. Biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), when elevated, have been proposed as surrogate markers of bacterial disease and, when within normal values, often are considered in clinical practice as the signature of a viral infection. Although PCT has been studied Background: Respiratory viruses frequently are recovered in the upper-respiratory tract during acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), but their role as contributing pathogens remains unclear. The usefulness of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as indicators of the presence or absence of viral infection in this setting also needs to be evaluated. Methods: The study was of a prospective cohort of patients with COPD admitted to the ED for AECOPD. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 14 respiratory viruses was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs collected at admission and after recovery in stable condition. Conclusions: Prevalence of upper-respiratory viral infection, as detected from nasopharyngeal swab by RT-PCR, is high in AECOPD and low after clinical recovery, suggesting that AECOPD frequently are triggered by viral infections initiated in the upper-respiratory tract. In our study, serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein did not discriminate virus-associated exacerbations from others. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov; Identifi er: NCT00448604. Abbreviations: AECOPD 5 acute exacerbations of COPD; CRP 5 C-reactive protein; OR 5 odds ratio; PCR 5 polymerase chain reaction; PCT 5 procalcitonin; PEF 5 peak expiratory fl ow; RSV 5 respiratory syncytial virus; RT-PCR 5 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; URT 5 upper-respiratory tract
Solution: Upper-Respiratory Viral Infection, Biomarkers, and COPD Exacerbations