In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

In the Elsner reaction, this element forms a coordination complex with cyanides. Relativistic contraction of this metal's outermost s orbital allows it to dimerize, leading to the strongest form of metallophilicity. Among metals, this element has the highest electronegativity and electron affinity, and it has the uncharacteristic oxidation states of +1 and +3. A mixture of nitric and (*) hydrochloric acid dissolves both platinum and this element. A ring of zinc sulfide surrounded a sheet of this element which deflected alpha particles, in the experiment where Rutherford proved the existence of the nucleus. For 10 points, name this noble metal located below silver on the Periodic Table, which has symbol Au.
Science