Answer the following question given this paragraph: Making Connections: Cosmology and Particle Physics There are many connections of cosmologyby definition involving physics on the largest scalewith particle physicsby definition physics on the smallest scale. Among these are the dominance of matter over antimatter, the nearly perfect uniformity of the cosmic microwave background, and the mere existence of galaxies. Matter versus antimatter We know from direct observation that antimatter is rare. The Earth and the solar system are nearly pure matter. Space probes and cosmic rays give direct evidencethe landing of the Viking probes on Mars would have been spectacular explosions of mutual annihilation energy if Mars were antimatter. We also know that most of the universe is dominated by matter. This is proven by the lack of annihilation radiation coming to us from space, particularly the relative absence of 0.511-MeV rays created by the mutual annihilation of electrons and positrons. It seemed possible that there could be entire solar systems or galaxies made of antimatter in perfect symmetry with our matter-dominated systems. But the interactions between stars and galaxies would sometimes bring matter and antimatter together in large amounts. The annihilation + radiation they would produce is simply not observed. Antimatter in nature is created in particle collisions and in decays, but only in small amounts that quickly annihilate, leaving almost pure matter surviving. Particle physics seems symmetric in matter and antimatter. Why isn't the cosmos? The answer is that particle physics is not quite perfectly symmetric in this regard. The decay of one of the neutral K -mesons, for example, preferentially creates more matter than antimatter. This is caused by a fundamental small asymmetry in the basic forces. This small asymmetry produced slightly. Q: The lack of annihilation radiation coming to us from space proves that the universe is dominated by what? A:

OPTIONS:
- vacuum
- energy
- space
- matter

Answer: matter

Problem: OPTIONS:
- helium and oxygen
- cloth and plastic
- blood and sweat
- air and water
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The metals of group 13 (Al, Ga, In, and Tl) are all reactive. However, passivation occurs as a tough, hard, thin film of the metal oxide forms upon exposure to air. Disruption of this film may counter the passivation, allowing the metal to react. One way to disrupt the film is to expose the passivated metal to mercury. Some of the metal dissolves in the mercury to form an amalgam, which sheds the protective oxide layer to expose the metal to further reaction. The formation of an amalgam allows the metal to react with air and water. Q: The formation of an amalgam allows the metal to react with what? A:
Answer: air and water

Problem:OPTIONS:
- nuclear
- proton
- fuel
- energy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: When electrons are removed from an atom, that process requires energy to pull the electron away from the nucleus. Addition of an electron releases energy from the process. Q: What is required when electrons are removed from an atom, and released from the process when an electron is added? A:
****
A: energy

Answer the following question given this paragraph: In this lesson, you learned that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Like other transverse waves, electromagnetic waves have certain properties. Q: What kind of waves are electromagnetic waves? A:
OPTIONS:
- amplitude
- curved
- inverse
- transverse
transverse

Answer the following question given this paragraph: How do the differences in energy striking different latitudes affect Earth? The planet is much warmer at the equator than at the poles. In the atmosphere, the differences in heat energy cause winds and weather. On the surface, the differences cause ocean currents. Can you explain how?. Q: What does the heat energy affect in the atmosphere? A:
OPTIONS:
- gravity and precipitation
- erosion and condensation
- density and humidity
- winds and weather

Answer: winds and weather

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Scientific method is a process consisting of making observations, developing a hypothesis, and testing that hypothesis. Q: What takes place directly after developing a hypothesis in the scientific method process? A:
OPTIONS:
- gathering materials
- making a conclusion
- independent variables
- testing the hypothesis
output:
testing the hypothesis