Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Muscle Tone Skeletal muscles are rarely completely relaxed, or flaccid. Even if a muscle is not producing movement, it is contracted a small amount to maintain its contractile proteins and produce muscle tone. The tension produced by muscle tone allows muscles to continually stabilize joints and maintain posture. Muscle tone is accomplished by a complex interaction between the nervous system and skeletal muscles that results in the activation of a few motor units at a time, most likely in a cyclical manner. In this manner, muscles never fatigue completely, as some motor units can recover while others are active. The absence of the low-level contractions that lead to muscle tone is referred to as hypotonia or atrophy, and can result from damage to parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the cerebellum, or from loss of innervations to a skeletal muscle, as in poliomyelitis. Hypotonic muscles have a flaccid appearance and display functional impairments, such as weak reflexes. Conversely, excessive muscle tone is referred to as hypertonia, accompanied by hyperreflexia (excessive reflex responses), often the result of damage to upper motor neurons in the CNS. Hypertonia can present with muscle rigidity (as seen in Parkinson's disease) or spasticity, a phasic change in muscle tone, where a limb will "snap" back from passive stretching (as seen in some strokes). Q: What is defined as a phasic change in muscle tone? A:
OPTIONS:
- elasticity
- gastrointestinal
- susceptibility
- spasticity
Answer: spasticity

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nonvascular plants include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. They lack roots, stems, and leaves. Q: Nonvascular plants such as liverworts, hornworts, and mosses lack what three typical plant features? A:
OPTIONS:
- chloroplasts, stems, flowers
- flowers, leaves, bark
- roots, leaves, chloroplasts
- roots, stems, leaves
output: roots, stems, leaves

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Early researchers in radioactivity found that the emissions from radioactivity could be classified into three distinct types according to their penetrating power. One type of radiation could barely penetrate a sheet of paper. The second type could pass through as much as 3 mm of aluminum. The third type was extremely penetrating and could pass through several centimeters of lead. They named these three types of radiation alpha , beta , and gamma respectively. Eventually, each type of radiation was further identified. Alpha particles are the nuclei of helium atoms, . Beta particles are electrons, and gamma rays are very high energy photons (even higher energy than x-rays). Q: Alpha, beta and gamma are three types of what? A:

OPTIONS:
- directions
- mutation
- convection
- radiation

A: radiation

input: OPTIONS:
- human organism project
- manhattan project
- blue beam project
- human genome project Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Beginning with Mendel's pea plants, genetics has become one of the most important fields of biology. Genetics discusses genetics, from Mendel's pea plants to current ethical issues associated with this field. The completion of The Human Genome Project is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years. Human genetics affects many, if not every, field of medicine. Technologies associated with genetics are involved in developing products to make our lives better, but have raised a number of ethical, legal and social issues. Q: What is the name of the project concerning genetics that is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years? A:
A:
output: human genome project

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In response to changing environmental conditions, prokaryotic populations can undergo what process in short periods of time? A:

OPTIONS:
- extinction
- reproduction
- fusion
- evolution

Answer: evolution

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Runoff is precipitation that flows over the surface of the land. This water may travel to a river, lake, or ocean. Runoff may pick up fertilizer and other pollutants and deliver them to a water body. In this way, runoff may pollute bodies of water. Q: What term describes precipitation that flows over the surface of the land? A:

OPTIONS:
- waves
- erosion
- flood
- runoff

A:
runoff