Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.", 'Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.', 'The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions.
Answer: These results indicate that the oral administration of IS-741 inhibits neutrophil infiltration into inflamed lesions, and is effective for attenuating rat TNBS ileitis. This new anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
[EX A]: Does a novel diamino-pyridine derivative ( IS-741 ) attenuate rat ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid?

[EX Q]: Context: Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) reduces left atrial thrombus formation in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Plasma D-dimer levels represent a biochemical marker for fibrinolytic activity in prothrombotic states. The prothrombotic burden in patients with mitral valve disease and/or AF was assessed using plasma D-dimer levels.', 'The study population included 89 patients with mitral valve disease, 21 with AF but normal valves, and 15 healthy controls. The mitral valve group was subdivided into patients with MS (n = 27), severe MR (n = 26), and MS with concomitant with severe MR (MS/MR; n = 36). These subgroups were further subdivided according to the atrial rhythm (sinus rhythm (SR)+AF).', 'The mean left atrial size was increased in all groups with cardiac disease. D-dimer levels were highest in the MS+AF subgroup (527 +/- 134 microg/l). Patients with MS+AF, MS+SR, and nonvalvular AF had significantly higher D-dimer levels than controls (p < 0.01, by ANOVA). Patients with MR had normal levels of D-dimer. The atrial rhythm did not influence D-dimer levels in the MS/MR subgroup, or in the pure MR subgroup (p = NS).
Answer: Plasma D-dimer levels correlated with the embolic risk in mitral valve disease and non-valvular AF. The highest levels were found in patients with MS+AF and non-valvular AF. Severe MR decreased the D-dimer levels in MS and/or AF to control levels.
[EX A]: Does mitral regurgitation reduce systemic coagulation activity in patients with rheumatic heart disease?

[EX Q]: Context: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of suicidal ideation and behaviors observed with antidepressant drug treatment to the incidence with placebo, in randomized, controlled pediatric clinical trials.', 'Manufacturers of nine antidepressant drugs identified suicidal adverse events in randomized, placebo-controlled, pediatric clinical trials that they had sponsored. Events were found with an electronic search for adverse event descriptions, including key words suggesting suicidal ideation or self-injury, along with a manual review of all adverse events meeting the standard regulatory definition for seriousness. Incidence rate data for these events supplied by the manufacturers were combined across trials to yield Mantel-Haenszel combined risk estimates.', 'Data from 22 randomized, short-term, placebo-controlled, pediatric trials in various indications, involving nine different antidepressant drugs, were available for analysis. A total of 2298 pediatric subjects were exposed to active drug, and 1952 to placebo. Seventy eight (78) serious suicidal adverse events occurred in these trials (54 with active drug and 24 with placebo); there were no completed suicides. The combined incidence rate ratio across all trials for serious suicidal adverse events was 1.89 (95% Confidence Interval, 1.18-3.04).
Answer: In short-term, placebo-controlled, pediatric studies of antidepressants, active drug treatment was associated with a rate of serious suicidal events almost twice that of placebo.
[EX A]:
Are suicidal adverse events in pediatric randomized , controlled clinical trials of antidepressant drugs associated with active drug treatment : a meta-analysis?