In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

[EX Q]: In many domains it is desirable to assess the pref erences of users in a qualitative rather than quan titative way. Such representations of qualitative preference orderings form an important compo nent of automated decision tools. We propose a graphical representation of preferences that re flects conditional dependence and independence of preference statements under a ceteris paribus (all else being equal) interpretation. Such a rep resentation is often compact and arguably natural. We describe several search algorithms for domi nance testing based on this representation; these algorithms are quite effective, especially in spe cific network topologies, such as chainand tree structured networks, as well as polytrees.
[EX A]: Reasoning With Conditional Ceteris Paribus Preference Statements

[EX Q]: We propose a novel deep layer cascade (LC) method to improve the accuracy and speed of semantic segmentation. Unlike the conventional model cascade (MC) that is composed of multiple independent models, LC treats a single deep model as a cascade of several sub-models. Earlier sub-models are trained to handle easy and confident regions, and they progressively feed-forward harder regions to the next sub-model for processing. Convolutions are only calculated on these regions to reduce computations. The proposed method possesses several advantages. First, LC classifies most of the easy regions in the shallow stage and makes deeper stage focuses on a few hard regions. Such an adaptive and 'difficulty-aware' learning improves segmentation performance. Second, LC accelerates both training and testing of deep network thanks to early decisions in the shallow stage. Third, in comparison to MC, LC is an endto-end trainable framework, allowing joint learning of all sub-models. We evaluate our method on PASCAL VOC and Cityscapes datasets, achieving state-of-the-art performance and fast speed.
[EX A]: Not All Pixels Are Equal: Difficulty-Aware Semantic Segmentation via Deep Layer Cascade

[EX Q]: We explore deep reinforcement learning methods for multi-agent domains. We begin by analyzing the difficulty of traditional algorithms in the multi-agent case: Q-learning is challenged by an inherent non-stationarity of the environment, while policy gradient suffers from a variance that increases as the number of agents grows. We then present an adaptation of actor-critic methods that considers action policies of other agents and is able to successfully learn policies that require complex multiagent coordination. Additionally, we introduce a training regimen utilizing an ensemble of policies for each agent that leads to more robust multi-agent policies. We show the strength of our approach compared to existing methods in cooperative as well as competitive scenarios, where agent populations are able to discover various physical and informational coordination strategies.
[EX A]:
Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments