Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Epithelial lining fluid plays a critical role in protecting the lung from oxidative stress, in which the oxidised status may change by ageing, smoking history, and pulmonary emphysema.', 'Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 109 young and older subjects with various smoking histories. The protein carbonyls, total and oxidised glutathione were examined in BAL fluid.', 'By Western blot analysis, the major carbonylated protein in the BAL fluid was sized at 68 kDa, corresponding to albumin. The amount of carbonylated albumin per mg total albumin in BAL fluid was four times higher in older current smokers and three times higher in older former smokers than in age matched non-smokers (p<0.0001, p=0.0003, respectively), but not in young smokers. Total glutathione in BAL fluid was significantly increased both in young (p=0.006) and older current smokers (p=0.0003) compared with age matched non-smokers. In contrast, the ratio of oxidised to total glutathione was significantly raised (72%) only in older current smokers compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in these parameters between older smokers with and without mild emphysema.

Ex Output:
0

Ex Input:
To evaluate whether genotypes of interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter positions -174 and -572 are associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and neonatal inflammatory disease in preterm infants.', 'DNA from very low birth weight or very preterm infants (n = 107) was genotyped for IL-6-174 and -572 polymorphisms (GG/GC/CC). The placentas were analyzed for histological inflammatory findings. Data on neonatal inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia, were collected using the definitions of the Vermont Oxford Network database.', 'In univariate analyses, the IL-6-174 GG genotype was associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. In multivariate analyses, the -174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were correlated with histologic chorioamnionitis (P = .039 and .009, respectively). Gestational age was not associated with genotype polymorphisms. IL-6-174 genotypes were not associated with CLD and/or NEC, but the CC genotype was correlated with septicemia in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .027). IL-6-572 genotypes were not associated with neonatal inflammatory disease.

Ex Output:
1

Ex Input:
Obesity has been described as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, and some studies have reported an association with obesity and increased aortic stiffness. Other studies have not identified obesity to be an independent risk factor. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the association between aortic stiffness and obesity in the Brazilian population.', 'A cross-sectional study recruited 1,662 individuals aged 25-64 years from the population of Vitoria, Brazil following the guidelines of the MONICA-WHO Project. Anthropometric, clinical, and hemodynamic measurements and analyses of aortic stiffness (using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity <PWV) were obtained in 1,608 subjects.', 'PWV correlated positively with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and blood glucose levels. A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the mean BP ( = 0.405, P < 0.01), age ( = 0.314, P < 0.01), HR ( = 0.107, P < 0.01), BMI ( = -103, P < 0.01), and blood glucose levels ( = 0.093, P < 0.01) explained nearly 37% of the PWV variability. A multivariate regression analysis using the WC instead of the BMI failed to reveal any significant effect of this parameter on the PWV.

Ex Output:
0