Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may or may not have the same function in the descendants. Figure below shows the hands of several different mammals. They all have the same basic pattern of bones. They inherited this pattern from a common ancestor. However, their forelimbs now have different functions. Q: What do we call structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor? A:

OPTIONS:
- monogamous
- polylogous
- filamentous
- homologous

A: homologous

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lycophytes follow the pattern of alternation of generations seen in the bryophytes, except that the sporophyte is the major stage of the lifecycle. The gametophytes do not depend on the sporophyte for nutrients. Some gametophytes develop underground and form mycorrhizal associations with fungi. In club mosses, the sporophyte gives rise to sporophylls arranged in strobili, cone-like structures that give the class its name. Lycophytes can be homosporous or heterosporous. Q: Some gametophytes develop underground and form mycorrhizal associations with what? A:

OPTIONS:
- protists
- plants
- animals
- fungi

A: fungi

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: All vertebrate organisms are in the phylum Chordata. Invertebrates, which make up about 95% (or more) of the animal kingdom, are divided into over 30 different phyla, some of which are listed below ( Table below ). Numerous invertebrate phyla have just a few species; some have only one described species, yet these are classified into separate phyla because of their unique characteristics. For example, sponges, with pores throughout their body, are from the phylum Porifera. Crabs and lobsters, with jointed appendages, are from the phylum Arthropoda. Q: Which phylum are all vertebrate organisms a member of? A:

OPTIONS:
- pylum protozoa
- phylum hominid
- phylum arthropod
- phylum chordata

A: phylum chordata

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first photosynthetic organisms were bacteria that lived in the water. So, where did plants come from? Evidence shows that plants evolved from freshwater green algae, a protist ( Figure below ). The similarities between green algae and plants is one piece of evidence. They both have cellulose in their cell walls, and they share many of the same chemicals that give them color. So what separates green algae from green plants?. Q: The first photosynthetic organisms were not plants, but types of what that lived in the water? A:

OPTIONS:
- pathogens
- fungi
- algae
- bacteria

A:
bacteria