TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: To investigate the relationship between the damages of hand functions and the type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with CP.', 'A total of 280 children aged 4-12 years old with CP in the 20 districts of Chengdu were included. The damages of hand functions were assessed with the Chinese Version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and its relationship with the type of CP were analyzed.', 'Among the 280 investigated children, there were 195 chidren with spastic CP, which accounted for the largest proportion (69.64%), wherein the spastic diplegia was most common (56.41%). The classification of MACS was level I-II in 65.13% children with spastic CP, whereas the classification of MACS was level IU-V in 84. 44% and 80.95% children with mixed and dyskinetic CP, respectively. With the increase of the degree of cognitive dysfunction in children with CP, the level of MACS was also increased. There was a difference between the classification of MACS and the different type of CP (P<0.05). The children with spastic CP were mostly mild hand dysfunction, while the children with mixed and dyskinetic type of CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction. A positive correlation was found between the MACS and the subtype of spastic CP (r=0.541, P<0.05). In most of the children with diplegia from spastic CP, the hand dysfunction was mild, whereas the children with quadriplegia from spastic CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Fibroblasts (FIBs) within the retro-orbital space of patients with Graves' disease (GOFs) express thyrotropin receptors (TSHRs) and are thought to be an orbital target of TSHR-stimulating autoantibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Recently, we developed a low molecular weight, drug-like TSHR antagonist (NCGC00229600) that inhibited TSHR activation in a model cell system overexpressing TSHRs and in normal human thyrocytes expressing endogenous TSHRs. Herein, we test the hypothesis that NCGC00229600 will inhibit activation of TSHRs endogenously expressed in GOFs.", 'Three strains of GOFs, previously obtained from patients with GO, were studied as undifferentiated FIBs and after differentiation into adipocytes (ADIPs), and another seven strains were studied only as FIBs. ADIP differentiation was monitored by morphology and measurement of adiponectin mRNA. FIBs and ADIPs were treated with the TSH- or TSHR-stimulating antibody M22 in the absence or presence of NCGC00229600 and TSHR activation was monitored by cAMP production.', 'FIBs contained few if any lipid vesicles and undetectable levels of adiponectin mRNA, whereas ADIPs exhibited abundant lipid vesicles and levels of adiponectin mRNA more than 250,000 times greater than FIBs; TSHR mRNA levels were 10-fold higher in ADIPs than FIBs. FIBs exhibited higher absolute levels of basal and forskolin-stimulated cAMP production than ADIPs. Consistent with previous findings, TSH stimulated cAMP production in the majority of ADIP strains and less consistently in FIBs. Most importantly, NCGC00229600 reduced both TSH- and M22-stimulated cAMP production in GOFs.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: The differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) before surgery is a clinical challenge. Many efforts have been made but most focusing on tumor cells, while the roles of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) remained unclear in FTC. Here we analyzed the differences between TAMs in FTC and those in FA.', 'We first analyzed the density of TAMs by CD68 immunostaining in 59 histologically confirmed FTCs and 47 FAs. Cytokines produced by FTC and FA were profiled using antibody array, and validated by quantitative PCR. Chemotaxis of monocyte THP-1 was induced by condition medium of FTC cell lines (FTC133 and WRO82-1) with and without anti-CCL15 neutralizing antibody. Finally, we analyzed CCL15 protein level in FTC and FA by immunohistochemistry.', 'The average density of CD68(+) cells was 9.5 5.4/field in FTC, significantly higher than that in FA (4.9 3.4/field, p < 0.001). Subsequently profiling showed that CCL15 was the most abundant chemokine in FTC compared with FA. CCL15 mRNA in FTC was 51.4-folds of that in FA. CM of FTC cell lines induced THP-1 cell chemotaxis by 33 ~ 77%, and anti-CCL15 neutralizing antibody reduced THP-1 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed positive CCL15 immunostaining in 67.8% of FTCs compared with 23.4% of FAs.

SOLUTION:
0