Q: Does "By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands." provide a valid answer to "What group of people ruled the northern shoes of the Sahara?"?
A: no

Q: Does "Although many such mutualistic relationships remain too fragile to survive competition and to spread widely, flowering proved to be an unusually effective means of reproduction, spreading (whatever its origin) to become the dominant form of land plant life." provide a valid answer to "What did the enlargement of flower parts evolve to form?"?
A: no

Q: Does "Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight." provide a valid answer to "What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?"?
A: yes

Q: Does "McConachy rejects the alternative theory that growing reliance on artillery by the French army beginning in 1807 was an outgrowth of the declining quality of the French infantry and, later, France's inferiority in cavalry numbers." provide a valid answer to "Who learned from Napoleon's innovations?"?
A:
no