In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Q: Attenuated viral vaccines can be generated by targeting essential pathogenicity factors. We report here the rational design of an attenuated recombinant coronavirus vaccine based on a deletion in the coding sequence of the nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1). In cell culture, nsp1 of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), like its SARS-coronavirus homolog, strongly reduced cellular gene expression. The effect of nsp1 on MHV replication in vitro and in vivo was analyzed using a recombinant MHV encoding a deletion in the nsp1-coding sequence. The recombinant MHV nsp1 mutant grew normally in tissue culture, but was severely attenuated in vivo. Replication and spread of the nsp1 mutant virus was restored almost to wild-type levels in type I interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice, indicating that nsp1 interferes efficiently with the type I IFN system. Importantly, replication of nsp1 mutant virus in professional antigen-presenting cells such as conventional dendritic cells and macrophages, and induction of type I IFN in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, was not impaired. Furthermore, even low doses of nsp1 mutant MHV elicited potent cytotoxic T cell responses and protected mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge. Taken together, the presented attenuation strategy provides a paradigm for the development of highly efficient coronavirus vaccines.

A: Coronavirus Non-Structural Protein 1 Is a Major Pathogenicity Factor: Implications for the Rational Design of Coronavirus Vaccines
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Q: Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus International travel Pilgrims a b s t r a c t Objective: We aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Hajj pilgrims before and after an education health programme during international vaccine consultations in France. Methods: Consecutive adults (>18 years old) who attended for pre-Hajj meningococcal vaccination were eligible to complete an anonymous questionnaire with closed answers to evaluate their level of knowledge about MERS-CoV. To evaluate the effectiveness of the information given during the consultation, the same questionnaire was completed by the Hajj pilgrim before and after the consultation, where the information about MERS-CoV was provided. Results: Among 82 Hajj pilgrim adults enrolled in the study, less than 25% were aware of the routes of transmission, symptoms and preventive behaviours to adopt abroad or in case of fever. Pilgrims had a higher rate of correct responses on each question at the time they completed the second questionnaire, as compared with the first, with 11 of 13 questions answered significantly better after delivery of educational information about MERS-CoV. However, although the rate of correct answers to the questions about routes of transmission, symptoms, preventive behaviours to adopt in case of fever and time delay between return and potential MERS-CoV occurrence increased significantly after receiving the information, the rates remained below 50%. Conclusion: Information given during travel consultations significantly increases the general level of knowledge, but not enough to achieve epidemic control.

A: Effectiveness of an education health programme about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus tested during travel consultations Public Health
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Q: Aim of this study was to de termine and furthe r characte rize the se rum aminope ptidase -M in childre n with live r dise ase s. Based on our ne w assay, we have shown two fractions of the e nzyme . Activity of the ®️ rst fraction is e xpre sse d in undilute d se rum at pH adjuste d from 8.5 (pH of storage d se rum) to 7.4. Activity of the se cond fraction (cryptic activity) appe ars in the serum (pH 7.4) as a result of dilution and/or addition of aniline naphthale ne sulfonic acid. In childre n with Alagille syndrome , e xtrahe patic biliary duct atre sia, Byle r's dise ase , and acute hepatitis due to he patitis B virus infection, activitie s of both fractions are highly elevate d as compare d to healthy childre n or those with chronic viral he patitis. More over, se rum aminopeptidase -M se ems to ree ct othe r aspe cts of the pathological proce ss than those reected by the alanine aminotransfe rase and g -glutamyltranspe ptidase . Due to incre ase d activity and broad substrate speci®️ city, the e nzyme se e ms to be also a cofactor of chole stasis and he patitis.

A:
Further Studies on Aminopeptidase-M in Blood in Children with Cholestatic Liver Diseases and Viral Hepatitis
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