Summarize the following:
A primer is a molecule that binds to a particular sequence of DNA. Once bound, the binder can be detected to determine whether or not that sequence was present in the sample. This allows for testing of specific sequences that correspond to a certain genotype. Once you have selected a primer that binds to the sequence in question, you will need to extract DNA from the cell. Follow the appropriate extraction protocol for your lab. Once you have collected a sample, you can test it. Add the primer to the DNA sample. If the sequence corresponding to that primer is present, it will bind to the molecule. Once this is complete, you can move on to analysis. For simple cases, the results simply come back as positive or negative based on whether or not the primer was bound to the DNA strands. Some more complex methods may require post-PCR procedures. These procedures can be lengthy and expensive, and are avoided when possible.

summary: Select a primer. Collect a DNA sample. Add the primer to the sample. Analyze the results.

Summarize the following:
To get Luigi, you'll need to have Mario unlocked already. There's no exception to this rule you simply can't get Luigi as Wario, unless you do a glitch, since he's the last character you can unlock. Don't forget to switch to Mario before starting this process if you haven't already done so. To unlock Mario, you'll need to have eight stars. Jump into the Mario portrait in the room connected to the minigame room as Yoshi, then battle the Goomboss in the level you're transported to. Once you defeat him, you'll get the Mario key. As Mario, head to the castle's courtyard. From the castle foyer, this is located through the plain wooden doors and down the long hallway. You'll know you're going the right way if you see a Boo (ghost) in the hallway. Once you're in the backyard, start killing Boos until one drops a metal cage. Then after you've already beaten the Big Boo, bump into the cage to enter Big Boo's Haunt. Note that you'll need to collect the first star in Big Boo's Haunt before you can get Luigi. The stairway to the second floor of the mansion (where the entrance to Luigi's level is located) only appears from the second star onward. Select the second star (or, if you have access to them, one of the stars after it). When the level starts, run into the mansion in front of you. Climb the staircase to the second floor and enter the door on the far right. You should enter a room with a raised wooden platform and a red "?" block. Break open the red "?" block. Mario should swell up like a balloon and start to float toward the ceiling. Float into the enclave and head through the door. Note that you can press the "R" button on the DS to cancel out of the floating move. In the Nintendo 64 version, getting up here proved quite challenging many first-timers weren't aware of this door at first and had trouble getting to it once they found it. However, in the DS version, the balloon block makes this much, much easier. In the next room, you should see a large portrait of Luigi. You know what to do hop into the painting!

summary: Have Mario unlocked. Enter Big Boo's Haunt. Head to the second story of the mansion. Make your way to the attic. Jump into the Luigi portrait.

Summarize the following:
In all the studies that were done on foods, scientists were able to determine a specific list of foods that are low in phthalates. These are foods you should focus on in your diet to help you reduce your exposure to this chemical. Dairy products like low-fat milk and yogurt have low levels of phthalates as do eggs. Avoid high fat foods such as creams, whole milk, and fatty meats as much as possible. Among the grain group, pasta, rice and noodles consistently ranked lower in phthalates. In conventional fruits and vegetables, phthalates levels were very low; however, this is not true for conventional canned fruits, vegetables and pickles. Avoid canned or processed foods. Bottled water and other canned/bottled beverages were found to have low levels of phthalates. Although these foods are found to have low levels of phthalates, they are not completely free of them. In addition to focusing more on foods that are lower in phthalate levels, it's best to be aware of the foods that have high levels. Stay away from these foods to reduce your overall exposure: Studies have shown that phthalates were detectable at high levels in beef, poultry and pork. Specifically in poultry, levels were high in the skin. A few studies showed the phthalate level was lower in frozen meat and poultry. High levels of phthalates were detected in fats like butter, margarine, cooking oils and animal fats (like lard). Dairy items like heavy cream, ice cream and cheese had high to very high levels of phthalates. Studies have also shown that phthalates are particularly high in some packaged foods. Try to avoid these foods, especially for children, as you may be surprised at the concentration levels of phthalates. Studies have shown that children get exposed to the highest concentration of phthalates from common packaged goods. Since these chemicals have serious effects on infants and children, its important to avoid these foods. Scientist believe that part of the reason packaged foods in particular are so high in phthalates is that these chemicals are already present in the food in addition to the packaging. The phthalates can be transferred from the packaging to the food itself. Try to avoid packaged and processed foods (like cereals, crackers, and even infant formula). Make your own versions of you and your child's favorite items from scratch at home. Since studies have shown that phthalates are unfortunately found in many foods, the best way to avoid this chemical may be by purchasing and eating 100% organic items. 100% organic foods are strictly monitored by the USDA. The farmers and manufactures have to follow a very specific set of guidelines to make sure foods are not exposed to a variety of different pesticides or chemicals including phthalates. Since many synthetic pesticides that are sprayed onto fruits and vegetables contain phthalates, make sure to look for produce that's labeled 100% organic. Also consider purchasing 100% organic dairy and meat products. Phthalates seem to be attracted to fat and are found in high quantities in dairy products and meat products; however, DEHP, a toxic phthalate, has been found in certified organic dairy products. This may be because, even on small farms, milk is collected from cow's udders using plastic tubing.
summary: Choose foods that are naturally low in phthalates. Avoid foods known to be very high in phthalates. Avoid packaged foods. Choose 100% organic foods.