Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some mutations have a positive effect on the organism in which they occur. They are called beneficial mutations . They lead to new versions of proteins that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Beneficial mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism's changes of surviving or reproducing, so they are likely to become more common over time. There are several well-known examples of beneficial mutations. Here are just two:. Q: Mutations which benefit the organism in which they occur are known as? A:

OPTIONS:
- extraordinary mutations
- helpful mutations
- healthy mutations
- beneficial mutations

Answer: beneficial mutations

Problem: OPTIONS:
- fecal waste
- methane waste
- carbon waste
- nitrogenous waste
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 41.13 Nitrogenous waste is excreted in different forms by different species. These include (a) ammonia, (b) urea, and (c) uric acid. (credit a: modification of work by Eric Engbretson, USFWS; credit b: modification of work by B. "Moose" Peterson, USFWS; credit c: modification of work by Dave Menke, USFWS). Q: Urea, ammonia and uric acid are types of what waste, excreted in different forms by different species? A:
Answer: nitrogenous waste

Problem:OPTIONS:
- condensation
- stimulation
- conduction
- vibration

Answer the following question given this paragraph: All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. The vibrations start sound waves moving through the air. Q: How do all musical instruments create sound? A:
****
A: vibration

Answer the following question given this paragraph: After Mendel's first set of experiments, Mendel wanted to see if the inheritance of characteristics were dependent, or were they independent events. Mendel asked if the segregation of the heritable factors (allele) for one characteristic (gene) had any effect of the segregation of the factors for another characteristic. For example, did the segregation of the flower color factors have any effect on the segregation of the seed shape factors? So Mendel performed crosses in which he followed the segregation of two genes. Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as seed color and shape. A dihybrid cross is a cross in which the inheritance of two characteristics are tracked at the same time. The offspring of such a cross are called dihybrids . Q: What is the term for a cross in which the inheritance of two characteristics are tracked at the same time? A:
OPTIONS:
- fraternal
- identical twin
- Mendelian
- dihybrid cross
dihybrid cross

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What do you call the membrane-bounded droplets that have some properties of cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- rods
- membranes.
- sporozoans
- protocells

Answer: protocells

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sex chromosomes determine sex in animals and many plants. Other chromosomes are called autosomes. Sex-linked traits are controlled by genes on sex chromosomes. They may be inherited differently than autosomal traits. Q: What determines sex in animals? A:
OPTIONS:
- cell structure
- ribosomes
- cell density
- sex chromosomes
output:
sex chromosomes