Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Light with wavelengths shorter than visible light is called ultraviolet light . The term ultraviolet means "above violet. " Ultraviolet light is the range of light waves that have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than violet light in the visible range of light. With higher frequencies than visible light, ultraviolet light has more energy. It can be used to kill bacteria in food and to sterilize surgical instruments. The human skin also makes vitamin D when it is exposed to ultraviolet light. Vitamin D, in turn, is needed for strong bones and teeth. You can learn more about ultraviolet light and its discovery at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/watch?v=QW5zeVy8aE0. Q: What is light with wavelengths shorter than visible light called? A:
OPTIONS:
- weathering light
- infrared light
- radio waves
- ultraviolet light
Answer: ultraviolet light

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solar energy travels in photons. Photons travel in waves, which make up electromagnetic radiation. Q: Solar energy travels in what? A:
OPTIONS:
- ions
- electrons
- neurons
- photons
output: photons

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Secretory Vesicles contain materials that are to be excreted from the cell, such as wastes or hormones . Secretory vesicles include synaptic vesicles and vesicles in endocrine tissues. Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters. They are located at presynaptic terminals in neurons. When a signal reaches the end of an axon, the synaptic vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic junction, and binds to a receptor on the next cell. Some cells also produce molecules, such as hormones produced by endocrine tissues, needed by other cells. These molecules are stored in secretory vesicles and released when needed. Secretory vesicles also hold enzymes needed to make extracellular structures, such as the extracellular matrix of animal cells. Q: What vesicles store neurotransmitters? A:

OPTIONS:
- hydrophobic
- dendritic
- Golgi apparatus
- synaptic

A: synaptic

input: OPTIONS:
- insulators
- increase in energy
- same charge
- difference in charges Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The active transport of ions across the cell membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across this membrane. The number of positively charged ions outside the cell is usually greater than the number of positively charged ions in the cytosol. This results in a relatively negative charge on the inside of the membrane, and a positive charge on the outside. This difference in charges causes a voltage to exist across the membrane. Voltage is electrical potential energy that is caused by a separation of opposite charges, in this case across the membrane. The voltage across a membrane is the membrane potential . Membrane potential is very important for the conduction of electrical impulses along nerve cells. The membrane potential of a cell at rest is known as its resting potential , and is discussed below. A non-excited nerve cell is an example of a cell at rest. Q: What causes a voltage to exist across the membrane in cells? A:
A:
output: difference in charges

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are all tissues external to the vascular cambium called? A:

OPTIONS:
- nucleus
- membranes
- larvae
- bark

Answer: bark

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most of Earth's water is salt water in the oceans. As seen below, only 3 percent of Earth's water is fresh ( Figure below ). Freshwater is water that contains little or no dissolved salt. Most freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. Glaciers cover the peaks of some tall mountains. For example, the Cascades Mountains in North America and the Alps Mountains in Europe are capped with ice. Ice caps cover vast areas of Antarctica and Greenland. Chunks of ice frequently break off ice caps. They form icebergs that float in the oceans. Q: In what type of body of water is most of the earth's water located? A:

OPTIONS:
- streams
- rivers
- seas
- oceans

A:
oceans