IN: Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States. There are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the U.S., about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. The term excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives. The ancestors of modern Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much earlier, from Asia via Beringia.

Iroquois Culture: The Iroquois League of Nations or "People of the Long House", based in present-day upstate and western New York, had a confederacy model from the mid-15th century. It has been suggested that their culture contributed to political thinking during the development of the later United States government. Their system of affiliation was a kind of federation, different from the strong, centralized European monarchies.Leadership was restricted to a group of 50 sachem chiefs, each representing one clan within a tribe. The Oneida and Mohawk people had nine seats each; the Onondagas held fourteen; the Cayuga had ten seats; and the Seneca had eight. Representation was not based on population numbers, as the Seneca tribe greatly outnumbered the others. When a sachem chief died, his successor was chosen by the senior woman of his tribe in consultation with other female members of the clan; property and hereditary leadership were passed matrilineally. Decisions were not made through voting but through consensus decision making, with each sachem chief holding theoretical veto power. The Onondaga were the "firekeepers", responsible for raising topics to be discussed. They occupied one side of a three-sided fire (the Mohawk and Seneca sat on one side of the fire, the Oneida and Cayuga sat on the third side.) Elizabeth Tooker, an anthropologist, has said that it was unlikely the US founding fathers were inspired by the confederacy, as it bears little resemblance to the system of governance adopted in the United States. For example, it is based on inherited rather than elected leadership, selected by female members of the tribes, consensus decision-making regardless of population size of the tribes, and a single group capable of bringing matters before the legislative body. Long-distance trading did not prevent warfare and displacement among the indigenous peoples, and their oral histories tell of numerous migrations to the historic territories where Europeans encountered them. The Iroquois invaded and attacked tribes in the Ohio River area of present-day Kentucky and claimed the hunting grounds. Historians have placed these events as occurring as early as the 13th century, or in the 17th century Beaver Wars. Through warfare, the Iroquois drove several tribes to migrate west to what became known as their historically traditional lands west of the Mississippi River. Tribes originating in the Ohio Valley who moved west included the Osage, Kaw, Ponca and Omaha people. By the mid-17th century, they had resettled in their historical lands in present-day Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Osage warred with Caddo-speaking Native Americans, displacing them in turn by the mid-18th century and dominating their new historical territories.

Why did they travel west?

OUT: The Iroquois invaded and attacked tribes in the Ohio River area of present-day Kentucky and claimed the hunting grounds.

IN: Tamannaah Bhatia was born on 21 December 1989 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, to Santhosh and Rajani Bhatia. She has an elder brother, Anand. Her father is a diamond merchant. She is of Sindhi descent.

She later made a cameo appearance as herself in Jagadish's Nannbenda, starring Udhayanidhi Stalin and Nayantara. She also dubbed her own voice for the same. In July 2015, the first part of S. S. Rajamouli's two-part multilingual fictional epic film Baahubali, co-starring Prabhas, Rana Daggubati and Anushka Shetty, was released. She played the role of Avanthika, a Warrior Princess of an unspecified era. For her role, she had to lose five to six kilos of weight and also, special care was taken regarding the looks, costumes and jewelry of her character. The film received positive reviews from critics and Tamannaah was praised for her performance. The movie collected around Rs650 crore (US$100 million) and eventually became the top grosser of Telugu cinema and third highest grossing Indian film. Her next release was M. Rajesh's Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga, co-starring Arya, N. Santhanam and Bhanu, in which she would showcase her own jewelry designs from Wite & Gold. The film received negative reviews from the critics. Later she made a cameo appearance in the bilingual film Size Zero which features Arya, Anushka Shetty and Sonal Chauhan in the lead roles. Her last release of 2015 was Sampath Nandi's Bengal Tiger, co-starring Ravi Teja for the first time. She was praised for her looks in the film. It opened to mixed reviews but was commercially successful at the box office by grossing Rs40.5 crore (US$6.2 million) globally and also became the 8th highest grossing Telugu film of the year. Tamannaah expressed her happiness over the success of the film and said "Without Ravi Teja sir I can't imagine this film as only he could justify the character". She performed her second item number in Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao's Speedunnodu featuring Bellamkonda Sreenivas and Sonarika Bhadoria in the lead roles which released in February 2016. She charged half of her remuneration to appear in that song, titled "Bachelor Babu", which was made on a budget of Rs2.25 crore (US$340,000). Her next release was Vamsi's Oopiri which is a remake of The Intouchables (2011), co-starring Akkineni Nagarjuna and Karthi, being filmed in Telugu and Tamil simultaneously. The film opened to positive reviews. Her next release was Tamil film Dharma Durai. In which she played a doctor and she also appeared in the film without makeup and it opened to positive reviews.The film also ran successfully in box office. Her next release was a Short Film - Ranveer Ching Returns with Ranveer Singh directed by Rohit Shetty and it received positive reviews from critics. In October 2016 Tamannah release her third item number in Telugu-Kannada bilingual film Jaguar. Her next release was female oriented trilingual (Tamil--Telugu--Hindi) film Devi. First time she appeared in double role in full length and her first horror film in three different languages and it also opened to positive reviews. She also been praised for her acting in the film and the film collected Rs100 crore (US$15 million) at box office including three languages. and her last release in 2016 was Kaththi Sandai, co-starring Vishal. It opened to mixed reviews from critics and became commercial failure.

What women-centric films was she in?

OUT:
Her last release of 2015 was Sampath Nandi's Bengal Tiger, co-starring Ravi Teja for the first time.