Information: - The Bamboo Annals, also known as the Ji Tomb Annals, is a chronicle of ancient China. It begins at the earliest legendary times (the Yellow Emperor) and extends to 299 BC, with the later centuries focusing on the history of the State of Wei in the Warring States period. It thus covers a similar period to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" (91 BC). The original may have been lost during the Song dynasty, and the text is known today in two versions, a "current text" (or "modern text") of disputed authenticity and an incomplete "ancient text". - The Xia dynasty (c. 2070 c. 1600 BCE) is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the "Bamboo Annals", the "Classic of History" and the "Records of the Grand Historian". According to tradition, the dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors gave his throne to him. The Xia was later succeeded by the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 c. 1046 BCE). - The Records of the Grand Historian, now usually known as the Shji ("The Scribe's Records"), is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court. The work covers the world as it was then known to the Chinese and a 2500-year period from the age of the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han in the author's own time. - Yu the Great (c. 2200 2101 BC) was a legendary ruler in ancient China famed for his introduction of flood control, inaugurating dynastic rule in China by founding the Xia Dynasty, and for his upright moral character. - Qi ( Chinese : / ) was a Chinese king , the son of Yu the Great and the second sovereign of the Xia Dynasty . He ruled for approximately nine or ten years . After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'qi of xia' exhibits the relationship of 'position held'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - emperor - ruler
emperor

Information: - Gregory Tarchaneiotes was a "protospatharius" and the long-reigning catepan of Italy from 998 to 1006. In December 999, and again on February 2, 1002, he reinstituted and confirmed the possessions of the abbey and monks of Monte Cassino in Ascoli. In 1004, he fortified and expanded the castle of Dragonara on the Fortore. He gave it three circular towers and one square one. He also strengthened Lucera. - Prtospatharios was one of the highest court dignities of the middle Byzantine period (8th to 12th centuries), awarded to senior generals and provincial governors, as well as to foreign princes. - Alexios Xiphias ( Greek : , Italian : Alessio Xifea ) was a Byzantine protospatharios and catepan of Italy from 1006 to 1008 , following the long term of office of Gregory Tarchaneiotes . In March 1007 , he promulgated a diploma in favour of Alexander , abbot of S. Giovanni in Lamis . - The spatharii or spatharioi (singular: literally "spatha-bearer") were a class of Late Roman imperial bodyguards in the court in Constantinople in the 5th6th centuries, later becoming a purely honorary dignity in the Byzantine Empire. - The Fortore (Latin: "Fertor" or "Frento") is a river which flows through the provinces of Benevento, Campobasso and Foggia in southern Italy. It is long. - Monte Cassino (sometimes written Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, Italy, to the west of the town of Cassino and altitude. Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is best known for its historic abbey. St. Benedict of Nursia established his first monastery, the source of the Benedictine Order, here around 529. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'alexios xiphias' exhibits the relationship of 'country of citizenship'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - byzantine empire - italy
byzantine empire