Problem: CHAPTER XX

Julian and Furley left the place together. They looked for the Bishop but found that he had slipped away.

"To Downing Street, I believe," Furley remarked. "He has some vague idea of suggesting a compromise."

"Compromise!" Julian repeated a little drearily. "How can there be any such thing! There might be delay. I think we ought to have given Stenson a week--time to communicate with America and send a mission to France."

"We are like all theorists," Furley declared moodily, stopping to relight his pipe. "We create and destroy on palter with amazing facility. When it comes to practice, we are funks."

"Are you funking this?" Julian asked bluntly.

"How can any one help it? Theoretically we are right--I am sure of it. If we leave it to the politicians, this war will go dragging on for God knows how long. It's the people who are paying. It's the people who ought to make the peace. The only thing that bothers me is whether we are doing it the right way. Is Freistner honest? Could he be self-deceived? Is there any chance that he could be playing into the hands of the Pan-Germans?"

"Fenn is the man who has had most to do with him," Julian remarked. "I wouldn't trust Fenn a yard, but I believe in Freistner."

"So do I," Furley assented, "but is Fenn's report of his promises and the strength of his followers entirely honest?"

"That's the part of the whole thing I don't like," Julian acknowledged. "Fenn's practically the corner stone of this affair. It was he who met Freistner in Amsterdam and started these negotiations, and I'm damned if I like Fenn, or trust him. Did you see the way he looked at Stenson out of the corners of his eyes, like a little ferret? Stenson was at his best, too. I never admired the man more."
1. Was Fenn trusted?
2. How did he look at Stenson?
3. Was Stenson admired?
4. By whom?
5. Was Julian alone?
6. Who was he with?
7. Who were they looking for?
8. Did they find him?
9. Where did they think he could be?
10. Were either of them smokers?
11. Who?
12. What was it that he smoked?
13. Who did they think Stenson should have communicated with?
14. To do what?
15. Was there a war going on?
16. Who was at war?
17. Who else did they question the honesty of?
18. Who had the most to do with him?
19. Where did Fenn meet Freistner?
20. What did they think the Bishop wanted to do?
Answer: 1. no
2. out of the corners of his eyes,
3. yes
4. Julan
5. no
6. Furley
7. the Bishop
8. no
9. To Downing Street,
10. yes
11. Furley
12. a pipe.
13. America
14. unknown
15. yes
16. Britain and the Pan-Germans
17. FFresistner
18. Fenn
19. Amsterdam
20. agree a compromise."

Problem: MaxiCode is a public domain, machine-readable symbol system originally created and used by United Parcel Service. Suitable for tracking and managing the shipment of packages, it resembles a barcode, but uses dots arranged in a hexagonal grid instead of bars. MaxiCode has been standardised under ISO/IEC 16023.

A MaxiCode symbol (internally called "Bird's Eye", "Target", "dense code", or "UPS code") appears as a 1inch square, with a bullseye in the middle, surrounded by a pattern of hexagonal dots. It can store about 93 characters of information, and up to 8 MaxiCode symbols can be chained together to convey more data. The centered symmetrical bullseye is useful in automatic symbol location regardless of orientation, and it allows MaxiCode symbols to be scanned even on a package traveling rapidly.

MaxiCode symbology was released by UPS in 1992.

MaxiCode symbols using modes 2 and 3 include a "Structured Carrier Message" containing key information about a package. This information is protected with a strong Reed-Solomon error correction code, allowing it to be read even if a portion of the symbol is damaged. These fields include:

The structured portion of the message is stored in the inner area of the symbol, near the bull's-eye pattern. (In modes that do not include a structured portion, the inner area simply stores the beginning of the message.)
1. What does MaxiCode look similar to?
2. What does it use in a grid instead of bars?
3. Who created this system?
4. What is it primarily good for?
5. Can you name an alternative name for a MaxiCode symbol?
6. How large is this kind of symbol?
7. What's in the very center of it?
8. Can several of these symbols be hooked together?
9. For what?
10. How much can it store?
11. And how many can be hooked together?
12. Where is the message stored on the symbol?
13. How about a structured portion of a message?
14. What modes include these structured messages?
15. Is that information protected?
16. With what?
17. Can it be read if it's damaged?
18. What kind of info is in these structured messages?
19. When did this system come out?
20. Is it public domain?
Answer: 1. a barcode
2. dots
3. UPS
4. tracking the shipment of packages
5. Bird's Eye
6. 1" square
7. a bullseyes
8. Yes
9. to convey more data
10. 93 characters of information
11. Eight
12. In the inner area of the symbol
13. also in the inner area of the symbol, near the bull's eye pattern
14. both modes 2 and 3
15. Yes
16. Reed-Solomon ECC
17. Yes
18. key information about a package
19. 1992
20. Yes

Problem: Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers". Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.

Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by the 1944 book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior", co-written with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.

This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. With the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences going to game theorist Jean Tirole in 2014, eleven game-theorists have now won the economics Nobel Prize. John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.
1. What was developed in the fifties?
2. By one person?
3. How then?
4. What was it put with in the seventies?
5. For the first time?
6. What is the definition of this topic?
7. How many applications is it practiced with?
8. And they are?
9. What did it initially work as?
10. Who proofed it?
11. Did he write a publication?
12. Called?
13. When did he write it?
14. Did he write it by himself?
15. Who helped?
16. How many people who work with this concept have received a special achievement?
17. What was it?
18. Any other special achievements?
19. What was it?
20. Who got it?
Answer:
1. Game theory
2. no
3. by many scholars
4. biology
5. no
6. the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers
7. at least 6
8. economics, political science, psychology, logic, computer science and biology
9. zero-sum games
10. John von Neumann
11. yes
12. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
13. 1944
14. no
15. Oskar Morgenstern
16. eleven
17. the economics Nobel Prize
18. yes
19. the Crafoord Prize
20. John Maynard Smith