Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hydrogen bonds between water molecules explain some of water's properties. For example, hydrogen bonds explain why water molecules tend to stick together. Have you ever watched water drip from a leaky faucet or from a melting icicle? If you have, then you know that water always falls in drops rather than as separate molecules. The dew drops in Figure below are another example of water molecules sticking together. Q: What explains why water molecules tend to stick together? A:
OPTIONS:
- helium bonds
- covalent bonds
- mineral bonds
- hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most ecosystems get their energy from the Sun. Only producers can use sunlight to make usable energy. Producers convert the sunlight into chemical energy or food. Consumers get some of that energy when they eat producers. They also pass some of the energy on to other consumers when they are eaten. In this way, energy flows from one living thing to another. Q: Where do most ecosystems get their energy from? A:
OPTIONS:
- earth
- heat
- water
- sun

Answer: sun

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When skater 2 runs into skater 1, he's going faster than skater 1 so he has more momentum. Momentum is a property of a moving object that makes it hard to stop. It's a product of the object's mass and velocity. At the moment of the collision, skater 2 transfers some of his momentum to skater 1, who shoots forward when skater 2 runs into him. Whenever an action and reaction such as this occur, momentum is transferred from one object to the other. However, the combined momentum of the objects remains the same. In other words, momentum is conserved. This is the law of conservation of momentum . Q: What property of an object is obtained by multiplying its mass and its velocity? A:
OPTIONS:
- fluid
- component
- movement
- momentum
Answer: momentum

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms. Q: Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this? A:
OPTIONS:
- legs
- head
- neck
- backbone or a spinal column
output: backbone or a spinal column

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 41.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems; they function to filter blood and maintain the osmolarity of body fluids at 300 mOsm. They are surrounded by three layers and are made up internally of three distinct regionsthe cortex, medulla, and pelvis. The blood vessels that transport blood into and out of the kidneys arise from and merge with the aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively. The renal arteries branch out from the aorta and enter the kidney where they further divide into segmental, interlobar, arcuate, and cortical radiate arteries. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which actively filters blood and generates urine. The nephron is made up of the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. Cortical nephrons are found in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are found in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla. The nephron filters and exchanges water and solutes with two sets of blood vessels and the tissue fluid in the kidneys. There are three steps in the formation of urine: glomerular filtration, which occurs in the glomerulus; tubular reabsorption, which occurs in the renal tubules; and tubular secretion, which also occurs in the renal tubules. Q: What is the functional unit of the kidney which actively filters blood and generates urine? A:

OPTIONS:
- sechron
- epithelial
- mecrophron
- nephron

A: nephron

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Facts are true. Data, gathered correctly, is factual. Facts and data are not subject to opinion or bias. Q: Refraction happens when light bends from doing what in a new medium? A:
OPTIONS:
- changing brightness
- changing color
- changing trajectory
- changing speed
changing speed