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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Liver Research Enhancement Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds as follows:
(1) An estimated 25,000,000 people in the United States are
affected by a liver or liver-related disease.
(2) In excess of $5,500,000,000 is spent annually to
provide medical care for people in the United States with liver
disease.
(3) There are over 4,000,000 people in the United States
who are or have been infected with hepatitis C, 2,700,000 of
whom are chronically infected.
(4) Due to limited research, current treatments for
hepatitis C are effective in fewer than 50 percent of the
cases.
(5) A vaccine has not been developed for hepatitis C.
(6) There are 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year due to
hepatitis C, and the annual death total is projected to
increase to 30,000 each year absent increased public health and
research interventions.
(7) Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C is associated
with an increased incidence of primary liver cancer, once a
rare malignancy in the United States.
(8) There are 1,250,000 people in the United States who
have been infected with hepatitis B.
(9) Up to 15 percent of Asian and Pacific-Islander
Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis B.
(10) Fifteen out of every 100,000 people in the United
States are affected by a chronic, life-threatening disease
known as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and 95 percent of
those affected are women.
(11) There is an emerging obesity-related chronic liver
disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may
affect as many as 1 in every 4 adults over the age of 18.
(12) There are 15,000 children hospitalized in the United
States each year due to liver disease.
(13) The only option for many individuals with liver
disease is a liver transplant.
(14) There are over 17,500 people in the United States on
the waiting list for a liver transplant, but because of the
limited supply of livers available for transplantation only
approximately 5,100 transplants are performed each year.
(15) There are 1,300 people in the United States who die
each year waiting for a liver transplant, and that number is
expected to increase.
(16) To address the public health threat posed by liver
disease, there is a need for the establishment of a National
Center on Liver Disease Research to provide dedicated
scientific leadership, to create a research action plan, and to
ensure the funding of the scientific opportunities identified
by the plan.

SEC. 3. NATIONAL CENTER ON LIVER DISEASE RESEARCH.

Subpart 3 of part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 285c, et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:

''national center on liver disease research

''Sec. 434B. (a) Establishment.--There is established the National
Center on Liver Disease Research (hereafter in this section referred to
as the 'Center') in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases.
''(b) Director.--The Center shall be headed by a Director, who
shall be appointed by the Director of the Institute, in consultation
with the Director of NIH, from among individuals with the highest
scientific credentials. The Director of the Center shall report
directly to the Director of the Institute.
''(c) Duties.--To ensure the development of increased understanding
of and better treatments and cures for liver diseases through a
dedicated scientific leadership and an adequate allocation of
resources, the Director shall--
''(1) assist the Liver Disease Research Advisory Board to
develop the Liver Disease Research Action Plan; and
''(2) encourage and coordinate the implementation of the
Plan by the national research institutes, including by issuing
research solicitations and by using all other available
mechanisms.
''(d) Liver Disease Research Advisory Board.--
''(1) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Director of NIH shall
establish a board to be known as the Liver Disease Research
Advisory Board (hereafter in this section referred to as the
''Advisory Board'').
''(2) Duties.--The Advisory Board shall advise and assist
the Director of the Center concerning matters relating to liver
disease research, including by developing and revising the
Liver Disease Research Action Plan in accordance with
subsection (e).
''(3) Voting members.--The Advisory Board shall be composed
of 18 voting members appointed by the Director of NIH, in
consultation with the Director of the Institute, of whom 12
shall be eminent scientists and 6 shall be lay persons. The
Director of NIH, in consultation with the Director of the
Institute, shall select 1 of the members to serve as the Chair
of the Advisory Board.
''(4) Ex officio members.--The Director of NIH shall
appoint each director of a national research institute that
funds liver disease research to serve as a nonvoting, ex
officio member of the Advisory Board. The Director of NIH shall
invite 1 representative of the Centers for Disease Prevention
and Control, 1 representative of the Food and Drug
Administration, and 1 representative of the Department of
Veterans Affairs to serve as such a member. Each ex officio
member of the Advisory Board may appoint an individual to serve
as that member's representative on the Advisory Board.
''(e) Liver Disease Research Action Plan.--
''(1) Development.--Not later than 15 months after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Advisory Board shall develop
(with appropriate support from the Director and staff of the
Center) a comprehensive plan for the conduct and support of
liver disease research to be known as the Liver Disease
Research Action Plan. The Advisory Board shall submit the Plan
to the Director of NIH and the head of each institute or center
within the National Institutes of Health that funds liver
disease research.
''(2) Content.--The Liver Disease Research Action Plan
shall identify scientific opportunities and priorities of liver
disease research necessary to increase understanding of and to
prevent, cure, and develop better treatment protocols for liver
diseases.
''(3) Revision.--The Advisory Board shall revise every 3
years the Liver Disease Research Action Plan, but shall meet
annually to review progress and to amend the Plan as may be
appropriate because of new scientific discoveries.
''(f) Allocation of Funds.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of each institute or center within the
National Institutes of Health shall allocate to liver disease research
through peer-reviewed methods, the amounts necessary to fund existing
scientific research opportunities and, subject to completion and
subsequent updates of the Liver Disease Research Action Plan, amounts
adequate to carry out the recommendations of the Plan.''.
Output:
Liver Research Enhancement Act - Amends the Public Health Service Act to establish the National Center on Liver Disease Research in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Establishes the Liver Disease Research Advisory Board to help the Director of the Center develop the Liver Disease Research Action Plan identifying scientific opportunities and priorities of liver disease research. Requires the Director to coordinate the Plan's implementation by the national research institutes, which shall allocate adequate funds for same.