TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: such entities from exercising their right of eminent domain. We disagree. The statute unambiguously prohibits any curtailment or limitation of an FmHA-indebted water association's services resulting from municipal annexation or inclusion. This language indicates a congressional mandate that local governments not encroach upon the services provided by such associations, be that encroachment in the form of competing franchises, new or additional permit requirements, or similar means. To read a loophole into this absolute prohibition, as Madison would have us do, and allow a city to do via condemnation what it is forbidden by other means, would render nugatory the clear purpose of 1926(b). See Moore Bayou Water Association, Inc. v. Town of Jonestown, 628 F.Supp. 1367 (N.D.Miss.1986) (<HOLDING>). Madison contends that this construction of
Holding statements: (A) holding that 1926b prohibited munici pality from using its annexation of territory within rural water district as springboard for providing its own water service to residents (B) holding that until the state issues a certificate of appropriation any right to use the water remains inchoate (C) holding that village could not condition provision of water services on annexation where prospective customer was within a rural water associations service area and the water association was federally indebted (D) holding municipal condemnation of water associations facilities and certificate violative of 1926b (E) holding that because exclusion was not provided to certificate holder terms of the certificate controlled

SOLUTION: holding that 1926b prohibited munici pality from using its annexation of territory within rural water district as springboard for providing its own water service to residents

PROBLEM: advertising regarding the digestive benefits of "Align," a daily food supplement. Plaintiff alleged that although Procter & Gamble promoted the "clinically proven" digestive benefits of "Align," in fact, there was no clinical data showing that Align improved digestion. The Rikos court held that the plaintiff had alleged "injury in fact" in the form of economic injury: "Plaintiff purchased Align in reliance on P & G's claims that the product provides defined health benefits, when these advertisements were allegedly false and deceptive.... Accordingly, Plaintiff maintains that [his] purchase of the product is the economic harm, because it was not provided as advertised." Id. at 530, at *5. See also In re Celexa and Lexapro Mktg. and Sales Practices Litig., 751 F.Supp.2d 277 (D.Mass.2010) (<HOLDING>). Defendants' reliance on "no-injury" products
Holding statements: (A) holding that the plaintiff sufficiently alleged injuryinfact where he alleged that the product an antidepression drug was unsatisfactory because it was inappropriate and not efficacious for his son (B) holding that the plaintiff had sufficiently alleged injuryinfact based on impact to sites that the plaintiff had visited in the past and planned to revisit each year in the future (C) holding that police chiefs son who alleged that he was denied an interview for a position because his father had criticized the local officials did not have standing to assert the first amendment rights of his father (D) holding that evidence of prior drug sales was sufficiently similar to the crimes charged to be probative of the fact that the defendant was not merely an innocent driver who was involved in the drug transaction by accident (E) holding that the plaintiff alleged sufficient facts in his complaint to state a claim for wrongful discharge where he alleged he was discharged due to his political affiliation and activities

SOLUTION: holding that the plaintiff had sufficiently alleged injuryinfact based on impact to sites that the plaintiff had visited in the past and planned to revisit each year in the future

PROBLEM: and the lawsuit they had commenced. While Gotbetter represented to the Court that he did not initiate any of the publicity attending this lawsuit, at a minimum, as a result of Gotbetter's and Katzman's actions, Defendants have been made to respond to a patently meritless complaint and to suffer unwarranted adverse publicity. Both the Supreme Court and the Second Circuit have emphasized that the purpose of the sanctioning mechanism of Rule 11 "is not reimbursement but 'sanction,' " "and that, accordingly, Rule 11 sanctions 'shall be limited' to what is sufficient to deter repetition of such conduct or comparable conduct by others." Pavelic & LeFlore v. Marvel Entertainment Group, 493 U.S. 120, 126, 110 S.Ct. 456, 459-460, 107 L.Ed.2d 438 (1989); see also Eastway, 762 F.2d at 254 (<HOLDING>). Consistent with these holdings, Rule 11 was
Holding statements: (A) holding that because counsels lumping of fees was not considered in calculating the revised lodestar amount it could serve as a basis for adjusting the fee award (B) holding that in determining the reasonableness of attorneys fees under federal fee shifting statutes courts may not enhance the fee award above the lodestar amount to compensate attorneys for assuming the risk of receiving no payment for their services if the lawsuit failed (C) holding that the court has discretion to double check the reasonableness of the percentage fee through a lodestar calculation (D) holding that where a contract for legal services fails to expressly provide for the amount of the fee a reasonable fee is implied (E) holding that a fee substantially less than the lodestar amount is permissible

SOLUTION:
holding that because counsels lumping of fees was not considered in calculating the revised lodestar amount it could serve as a basis for adjusting the fee award