In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ''Reservist Opportunities and
Protection of Education Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. REFUNDS AND LEAVE OF ABSENCE FOR MILITARY SERVICE.

(a) Leave of Absence for Military Service.--Part G of title IV of
the Higher Education Act of 1965 is amended by inserting after section
484B (20 U.S.C. 1094) the following new section:

''SEC. 484C. REFUNDS AND LEAVE OF ABSENCE FOR MILITARY SERVICE.

''(a) Leave of Absence Required.--Whenever a student who is an
affected individual is unable to complete a period of instruction or to
receive academic credit because he or she was called up for active duty
or active service, the institution of higher education in which the
student is enrolled shall--
''(1) grant the student a military leave of absence from
the institution while such student is serving on active duty or
active service, and for one year after the conclusion of such
duty or service, in accordance with subsection (b); and
''(2) provide the student with a refund or credit in
accordance with subsection (c).
''(b) Consequences of Military Leave of Absence.--A student who is
an affected individual and who is on a military leave of absence from
an institution of higher education shall be entitled, upon release from
serving on active duty or active service, to be restored to the
educational status such student had attained prior to being ordered to
such duty without loss of academic credits earned, scholarships or
grants awarded by the institution, or, subject to subsection (c),
tuition and other fees paid prior to the commencement of the active
duty or active service.
''(c) Refunds.--An institution of higher education shall refund
tuition or fees paid prior to the commencement of the active duty or
active service of an affected individual. If a student taking a
military leave of absence for active duty or active service requests a
refund during a period of enrollment, the percentage of the tuition and
fees that shall be refunded shall be equal 100 percent minus the
percentage of the period of enrollment (for which the tuition and fees
were paid) that was completed (as determined in accordance with section
484B(d)) as of the day the student withdrew.
''(d) Leave of Absence Not Treated as Withdrawal.--Notwithstanding
the 180-day limitation in section 484B(a)(2), a student on a military
leave of absence under this section shall not be treated as having
withdrawn for purposes of section 484B unless the student fails to
return at the end of the military leave of absence (as determined under
subsection (a) of this section).
''(e) Definitions.--As used in this section:
''(1) Active duty.--The term 'active duty' has the meaning
given such term in section 101(d)(1) of title 10, United States
Code, except that such term does not include active duty for
training or attendance at a service school.
''(2) Affected individual.--The term 'affected individual'
means an individual who--
''(A) is serving on active duty during a war or
other military operation or national emergency; or
''(B) is performing qualifying National Guard duty
during a war or other military operation or national
emergency.
''(3) Military operation.--The term 'military operation'
means a contingency operation as such term is defined in
section 101(a)(13) of title 10, United States Code.
''(4) National emergency.--The term 'national emergency'
means a national emergency declared by the President of the
United States.
''(5) Serving on active duty.--The term 'serving on active
duty during a war or other military operation or national
emergency' means service by an individual who is--
''(A) a Reserve of an Armed Force ordered to active
duty under section 12301(a), 12301(g), 12302, 12304, or
12306 of title 10, United States Code, or any retired
member of an Armed Force ordered to active duty under
section 688 of such title, for service in connection
with a war or other military operation or national
emergency, regardless of the location at which such
active duty service is performed; and
''(B) any other member of an Armed Force on active
duty in connection with such war, operation, or
emergency or subsequent actions or conditions who has
been assigned to a duty station at a location other
than the location at which such member is normally
assigned.
''(6) Qualifying national guard duty.--The term 'qualifying
National Guard duty during a war or other military operation or
national emergency' means service as a member of the National
Guard on full-time National Guard duty (as defined in section
101(d)(5) of title 10, United States Code) under a call to
active service authorized by the President or the Secretary of
Defense for a period of more than 30 consecutive days under
section 502(f) of title 32, United States Code, in connection
with a war, another military operation, or a national emergency
declared by the President and supported by Federal funds.''.
(b) Obligation as Part of Program Participation Requirements.--
Section 487(a)(22) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
1094(a)(22)) is amended by inserting ''and with the policy on leave of
absence for military service established pursuant to section 484C''
after ''section 484B''.

Answer: Amends the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) to require institutions of higher education that participate in HEA title IV student assistance programs to grant military leaves of absence, and provide refunds of or credits for tuition and fees paid, to individuals who are unable to complete a period of instruction or receive academic credit because they were called to serve on active duty in the Armed Forces, or to perform qualifying National Guard duty, during a war or other military operation or national emergency.Requires the leave of absence to be for the period of active duty or service and for one year after completion of such duty or service. Requires the refund or credit to be prorated to cover the period when the student had to leave. Provides that such leave of absence shall not be treated as a withdrawal for certain student assistance purposes.

Question: SECTION 1. PARTICIPATION OF TAIWAN IN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.

(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized
agency of the United Nations, charged with coordinating health
efforts within the United Nations system. The World Health
Assembly (WHA) is the decision-making body of the WHO, which
convenes annually in May to set the policies and priorities of
the organization. Statehood is not a requirement for attendance
at the WHA, and numerous observers, including non-members and
non-governmental organizations, attended the most recent WHA in
May 2017.
(2) Taiwan began seeking to participate in the WHO as an
observer in 1997. In 2009, with strong support from successive
United States Administrations, Congress, and like-minded WHO
Member States, and during a period of improved Cross-Strait
relations, Taiwan received an invitation to attend the WHA as
an observer under the name ''Chinese Taipei''. Taiwan received
the same invitation each year until 2016, when following the
election of President Tsai-Ing Wen of the Democratic
Progressive Party, Taiwan's engagement in the international
community began facing increased resistance from the People's
Republic of China (PRC). Taiwan's invitation to the 2016 WHA
was received late and included new language conditioning
Taiwan's participation on the PRC's ''one China principle''. In
2017, Taiwan did not receive an invitation to the WHA.
(3) Taiwan remains a model contributor to world health,
having provided financial and technical assistance to respond
to numerous global health challenges. Taiwan has invested over
$6 billion in international medical and humanitarian aid
efforts impacting over 80 countries since 1996. In 2014, Taiwan
responded to the Ebola crisis by donating $1 million and
providing 100,000 sets of personal protective equipment.
Through the Global Cooperation and Training Framework, the
United States and Taiwan have jointly conducted training
programs for experts to combat MERS, Dengue Fever, and Zika.
These diseases know no borders, and Taiwan's needless exclusion
from global health cooperation increases the dangers presented
by global pandemics.
(4) Taiwan's international engagement has faced increased
resistance from the PRC. Taiwan was not invited to the 2016
Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO), despite participating as a guest at the organization's
prior summit in 2013. Taiwan's request to participate in the
2016 General Assembly of the International Criminal Police
Organization (INTERPOL) was also rejected. In May 2017, PRC
delegates disrupted a meeting of the Kimberley Process on
conflict diamonds held in Perth, Australia, until delegates
from Taiwan were asked to leave. In June 2017, the Republic of
Panama granted diplomatic recognition to the PRC, terminating a
longstanding diplomatic relationship with Taiwan.
(5) Congress has established a policy of support for
Taiwan's participation in international bodies that address
shared transnational challenges, particularly in the WHO.
Congress passed H.R. 1794 in the 106th Congress, H.R. 428 in
the 107th Congress, and S. 2092 in the 108th Congress to direct
the Secretary of State to establish a strategy for, and to
report annually to Congress on, efforts to obtain observer
status for Taiwan at the WHA. Congress also passed H.R. 1151 in
the 113th Congress, directing the Secretary to report on a
strategy to gain observer status for Taiwan at the ICAO
Assembly, and H.R. 1853 in the 114th Congress, directing the
Secretary to report on a strategy to gain observer status for
Taiwan at the INTERPOL Assembly. However, in 2016 Taiwan did
not receive invitations to attend any of these events as an
observer.
(b) Augmentation of Report Concerning the Participation of Taiwan
in the World Health Organization.--
(1) In general.--Subsection (c) of section 1 of Public Law
108-235 (118 Stat. 656) is amended by adding at the end the
following new paragraph:
''(3) An account of the changes and improvements the
Secretary of State has made to the United States plan to
endorse and obtain observer status for Taiwan at the World
Health Assembly, following any annual meetings of the World
Health Assembly at which Taiwan did not obtain observer
status.''.
(2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall take effect and apply beginning with the first report
required under subsection

(c) of section 1 of Public Law 108-235 that is submitted after
the date of the enactment of this Act.

Passed the House of Representatives January 9, 2018.

Attest:

KAREN L. HAAS,

Clerk.

Answer: (Sec. 1) This bill requires the annual reports submitted by the Department of State to Congress concerning the U.S. plan to endorse and obtain observer status for Taiwan at the annual summit of the World Health Assembly (WHA) held by the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, to include an account of the changes and improvements that the State Department has made to such plan following any annual meetings of the WHA at which Taiwan did not obtain such status.

Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS AND PURPOSES; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ''America's
Affordable Health Care Act of 2008''.
(b) Findings and Purposes.--
(1) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(A) The regulation of the practice of insurance is
a State prerogative.
(B) It is in the interests of health care consumers
that Congress allows for policies that increase the
affordability of health insurance products.
(C) The Federal government provides States and the
medical community with public financing to support the
medical needs of the uninsured.
(D) There is a correlation between the amount of
insurance benefits and the cost of insurance products.
(E) State mandate laws have created barriers to
affordable health coverage.
(F) A number of States allow for the creation of
insurance products that recognize the increased costs
associated with mandate laws.
(G) Consumers throughout the United States are
finding it increasingly hard to secure affordable
health care coverage which contributes to the national
uninsured rate.
(2) Federal insurance product.--Congress further finds that
it is in the interests of taxpayers, health care purchasers,
and the health care provider community, to allow for a class of
federally certified insurance products that can be purchased in
the individual market without being subject to State benefit
mandate laws.
(3) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
(A) to promote increased affordability and access
to health care coverage for citizens of the United
States;
(B) to allow consumers the ability to make choices
by weighing insurance benefits with the cost of
insurance;
(C) to provide incentives to health plans and
health insurance issuers to offer increasingly
affordable insurance policies to all those in the
individual market;
(D) to provide low-income and uninsured workers
with incentives to purchase insurance policies;
(E) to provide incentives to companies and States
to offer health care solutions for high-risk
beneficiaries;
(F) to provide for new coverage opportunities to
solve the problems of affordability and uninsurance;
and
(G) to promote the availability of health insurance
coverage through high-risk pools for individuals whose
health conditions create barriers to such coverage.
(c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; findings and purposes; table of contents.
TITLE I--HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS

Sec. 101. Certification of Health Benefit Plans.
Sec. 102. Conditions for certification.
Sec. 103. Review of implementation.
Sec. 104. Definitions.
TITLE II--EXPANSION OF STATE HIGH RISK HEALTH INSURANCE POOLS

Sec. 201. Increasing and expanding funding for State high risk health
insurance pools.
Sec. 202. Qualified high risk pools best practices guidelines and grant
program.

TITLE I--HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS

SEC. 101. CERTIFICATION OF HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS.

(a) In General.--A health insurance issuer may apply to the
Secretary for up to 3 health insurance coverage policies offered in the
individual market in any State to be certified as Health Benefit Plans
under this title with respect to eligible individuals and the policies
so certified may be offered and sold to such individuals without regard
to any State or local law respecting mandates for benefits.
(b) Construction.--Except as specifically provided under subsection
(a) with respect to health insurance benefits, nothing in this title
shall be construed as--
(1) modifying the application of State or local
requirements relating to matters not described in subsection
(a), such as underwriting, enrollment, and premiums;
(2) superseding any provision of State or local law or
regulation relating to the business of insurance, including the
regulation of insurers and insurance products, underwriting,
enrollment, and premiums;
(3) preventing a State or local jurisdiction from applying
fraud and abuse provisions otherwise applicable with respect to
the sale and marketing of health insurance coverage to the sale
and marketing of Health Benefit Plans under this title; or
(4) exempting a Health Benefits Plan, and the health
insurance issuer offering such a plan, from applicable
requirements of State law and compliance with applicable
provisions of title XXVII of the Public Health Service Act.

SEC. 102. CONDITIONS FOR CERTIFICATION.

(a) In General.--The Secretary shall not certify under this title a
Health Benefit Plan offered by a health insurance issuer unless--
(1) the Plan includes benefits for items and services
within each of the categories of basic services described in
subsection (b); and
(2) the issuer--
(A) is licensed under State law to offer health
insurance coverage in the State involved; and
(B) submits to the Secretary such information and
assurances as the Secretary may require to assure
compliance of the issuer, and Health Benefit Plans
offered by the issuer, with the applicable requirements
of this title.
(b) Categories of Basic Services.--
(1) In general.--The categories of basic services described
in this subsection are as follows:
(A) Inpatient hospital services.
(B) Physicians' surgical and medical services.
(2) Treatment of other categories.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed as preventing a Health Benefit Plan from
providing coverage of benefits that are not within a category
of basic services described in paragraph (1).
(c) Reciprocal Arrangements.--Health insurance issuers offering
Health Benefit Plans may create reciprocal arrangements with other
issuers of such plans in order to improve the portability of such plans
among eligible individuals.

SEC. 103. REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION.

(a) Review.--The Secretary shall review the implementation of this
title and the impact of such implementation on the availability and
purchase of health insurance coverage.
(b) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on this
title and its impact on making health insurance coverage more
affordable.

SEC. 104. DEFINITIONS.

In this title:
(1) The term ''eligible individual'' means an individual
who is a citizen or national of the United States or an alien
lawfully residing permanently in the United States.
(2) The terms ''health insurance coverage'', ''health
insurance issuer'', and ''individual market'' have the meanings
given such terms in section 2791 of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-91).
(3) The term ''Secretary'' means the Secretary of Health
and Human Services.

TITLE II--EXPANSION OF STATE HIGH RISK HEALTH INSURANCE POOLS

SEC. 201. INCREASING AND EXPANDING FUNDING FOR STATE HIGH RISK HEALTH
INSURANCE POOLS.

(a) In General.--Section 2745(d) of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 300gg-45(d)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2)--
(A) in the heading, by striking ''through 2010''
and inserting ''and 2008''; and
(B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
striking ''through 2010'' and inserting ''and 2008'';
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) as
paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new
paragraph:
''(3) Authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2009
through 2013.--There are authorized to be appropriated for each
of fiscal years 2009 through 2013--
''(A) $10,000,000 to carry out subsection (a); and
''(B) $100,000,000, of which, subject to paragraph
(5)--
''(i) two-thirds of the amount appropriated
shall be made available for allotments under
subsection (b)(2); and
''(ii) one-third of the amount appropriated
shall be made available for allotments under
subsection (c)(3).''.
(b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 2745 of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-45) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ''subsection (d)(1)(A)''
and inserting ''paragraphs (1)(A) and (3)(A) of subsection
(d)'';
(2) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b), by
striking ''(1)(B)(i) and (2)(A)'' and inserting ''(1)(B)(i),
(2)(A), and (3)(B)(i)'';
(3) in each of paragraphs (1) and (3) of subsection (c), by
striking ''(1)(B)(ii) and (2)(B)'' and inserting ''(1)(B)(ii),
(2)(B), and (3)(B)(ii)''; and
(4) in subsection (d)--
(A) in each of paragraphs (1)(B) and (2), by
striking ''paragraph (4)'' and inserting ''paragraph
(5)''; and
(B) in paragraph (5), as redesignated by subsection
(a)(2), by striking ''paragraph (1)(B) or (2)'' and
inserting ''paragraph (1)(B), (2), or (3)(B)''.

SEC. 202. QUALIFIED HIGH RISK POOLS BEST PRACTICES GUIDELINES AND GRANT
PROGRAM.

Section 2745 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-45)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ''In the case'' and
inserting ''Subject to subsection (f)(1), in the case'';
(2) by redesignating subsection (f) and (g) as subsections
(g) and (h), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new
subsection:
''(f) Qualified High Risk Pools Best Practices Guidelines and Grant
Program.--
''(1) Best practices report requirement.--To be eligible to
receive a grant under subsection (b) for a fiscal year
beginning more than 60 days after the date of the enactment of
the America's Affordable Health Care Act of 2008, a State that
has established a qualified high risk pool shall submit to the
Secretary, not later than 120 days after the beginning of such
fiscal year, evidence-based information on the operation of
such pool, as specified by the Secretary for purposes of
creating the best practices guidelines described in paragraph
(2).
''(2) Best practice guidelines.--Not later than 120 days
after the date of the enactment of the America's Affordable
Health Care Act of 2008, the Secretary shall, after providing
for notice and comment, recommend and post on the public
Internet site of the Department of Health and Human Services a
list of best practices with respect to the operation of
qualified high risk pools. The Secretary shall provide for
notice to the States and insurers who manage such qualified
high risk pools of the proposed development of such practices
and shall develop such best practices with input obtained from
such States and insurers. Such best practices should be
categorized and applied according to the number of individuals
enrolled in the qualified high risk pool involved.
''(3) Bonus grants for state qualified high risk pools that
follow best practices.--
''(A) In general.--In the case of a State that is
one of the 50 States or the District of Columbia, that
has established a qualified high risk pool, and that is
receiving a grant under subsection (b)(1), for each
fiscal year for which the State demonstrates according
to a process specified by the Secretary that such
qualified high risk pool was operated in accordance
with the best practices posted under paragraph (2), the
Secretary shall provide a bonus grant from the funds
appropriated under subparagraph (C) and allotted to the
State under subparagraph (B).
''(B) Allotment; limitation.--The Secretary shall
allot funds appropriated under subparagraph (C) among
States qualifying for a bonus grant under subparagraph
(A) in a manner specified by the Secretary, but in no
case shall the amount so allotted to a State for a
fiscal year exceed 10 percent of the funds so
appropriated for the fiscal year.
''(C) Authorization of appropriations for
bonuses.--There are authorized to be appropriated for
each of fiscal years 2010 through 2013 $26,000,000 for
allotments under subparagraph (B).''.

Answer:
America's Affordable Health Care Act of 2008 - Authorizes a health insurance issuer to apply to the Secretary of Health and Human Services to certify health insurance coverage policies offered in the individual market in any state as Health Benefit Plans. Allows certified plans to be offered to individuals in all states without regard to state and local laws respecting mandates for benefits. Requires such plans to cover inpatient hospital services and physicians' surgical and medical services.

Requires the Secretary to review the impact of this Act on the availability and purchase of health insurance coverage.

Amends the Public Health Service Act to increase the authorization of appropriations for FY2009-FY2013 for grants to states for the creation and operation of qualified high risk health insurance pools.

Conditions eligibility for receiving an operating grant on a state submitting to the Secretary evidence-based information on the operation of such pool for purposes of creating best practice guidelines. Requires the Secretary to: (1) recommend and publicly post a list of best practices on the operation of qualified high risk pools; and (2) give a bonus grant to states that demonstrate that their pool was operated in accordance with such best practices.