Q: One day Peng Xianzhe learned he would go to the Mashan School in Guizhou. The 16-year-old boy tried to imagine how serious the drought was for the students at that school. However, he realized it was more serious than he had imagined when he saw the sign "DON'T wash clothes with water,or you will be punished . " Because of drought, the school has been short of water for a long time. Each student has only one bottle of water every day for washing and drinking. The drought has made the poor students much poorer. Peng is a student from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He took part in the school's Rain & Bow Project from April 2 to 10. The project idea came from Peng's principal . One day, she heard a sad story about Li Guoxian, a poor girl in the Mashan School,who stopped going to school because of drought. The principal started this project to help the school. In one day, 3,000 students made over 10,000 donations of water,books and clothes. Peng and other four students went to the Mashan School and gave the donations with five teachers. They visited poor families, made surveys and had classes at the school. Ding Zhentao,16,was worried about the school's poor learning environment. "The blackboards and playground are too _ to use,"Ding said. "Besides, there really aren't enough teachers. A teacher has to teach both history and English, and even the cook is a class teacher. " Although life isn't easy, students at the school have a positive attitude towards life and they are quite willing to learn. That's what moved 16-year-old Chen Shi most. "They sang their songs together as usual before class every afternoon. After class, the students asked us to tell them things about Beijing and our studies," Chen said. "You can see the passion in them. I believe it will make a difference. Their futures will be bright. " ,.

1. water,books and clothes
2. 10,000
3. 3,000 students
4. a poor girl in the Mashan School stopped going to school because of drought
5. Peng's principal
6. the Mashan School
7. poor learning environment
8. there really aren't enough teachers
9. Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School
10. yes

Numbered questions:
1. What was collected as donations?
2. How many were collected?
3. Who donated that much?
4. Why did they start collecting these donations?
5. Who started the students donating?
6. What school did they take the donations to?
7. What other problems did they have?
8. Why was it like that?
9. Where did they bring the donations from?
10. Did they speak to the students afterward?

Q: Katharine Meyer Graham was once described as "the most powerful woman in America." She was not a government official or elected representative. She owned and published The Washington Post. Under her leadership, it became one of the most important newspapers in the country. Katharine Meyer was born in New York City in 1917. Her father was a successful investment banker and became an important financial official. Her family was very rich. Katharine grew up in large houses in New York and Washington. Her parents were often away from home, traveling and working, Katharine was often lonely. Katherine Meyer graduated from the University of Chicago in Illinois in 1938. In 1933, her father bought a failing newspaper, The Washington Post. It was the least successful one of five newspapers in Washington. Katharine Graham returned to Washington and got a job editing letters to the editor of her father's newspaper. She married Philip Graham. He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter but soon accepted a job at his wife's father's newspaper. Mr. Graham improved The Washington Post. He bought Newsweek and several television stations. He also established close ties with important political leaders. However, Mr. Graham treated his wife badly. He had an affair with a young reporter. For many years, Mr. Graham suffered from mental illness. He killed himself in 1963. Katharine Graham had four children to raise and a newspaper to operate. At first, she was only concerned about finding a way to keep control of The Washington Post until her sons were old enough. She did not think she had the ability to do an important job. She had no training in business or experience in operating a large company. In those days, it was unusual for a woman to be the head of a business. Women were expected to look after their homes and children. Katharine Graham met with officials of The Washington Post. She was elected president of The Washington Post Company. She had no idea about how to operate a newspaper. So she decided to learn. She began by hiring Benjamin C.Bradlee. He later became chief editor. Mr. Bradlee improved the newspaper. He hired excellent reporters and editors. They began doing important investigative reporting. In 1969, Mrs. Graham became publisher as well as president of The Washington Post Company. In the 1970s, The Washington Post became famous around the world because of two major successes.

1. the most powerful woman in America
2. The Washington Post
3. New York City
4. investment banker
5. New York and Washington
6. Illinois
7. Philip Graham

Numbered questions:
1. What was Katharine Meyer Graham described as?
2. What company did she own?
3. Where was she born?
4. What did her father do for a living?
5. Where did she grow up?
6. Where did she go to school?
7. Who did she marry?

Q: A horror film is a movie that seeks to elicit a physiological reaction, such as an elevated heartbeat, through the use of fear and shocking one's audiences. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley, the horror genre has existed for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres.

Horror films often deal with viewers' nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or personage into the everyday world. Prevalent elements include ghosts, aliens, vampires, werewolves, demons, satanism, gore, torture, vicious animals, evil witches, monsters, zombies, cannibals, psychopaths, natural or man-made disasters, and serial killers.

Some subgenres of horror include action horror, comedy horror, body horror, disaster horror, holiday horror, horror drama, psychological horror, science fiction horror, slasher horror, supernatural horror, gothic horror, natural horror, zombie horror, first-person horror and teen horror.

The first depictions of supernatural events appear in several of the silent shorts created by the film pioneer Georges Melies in the late 1890s, the best known being "Le Manoir du Diable", which is sometimes credited as being the first horror film. Another of his horror projects was "La Caverne maudite" (1898) (a.k.a. "The Cave of the Demons", literally "the accursed cave"). Japan made early forays into the horror genre with "Bake Jizo" ("Jizo the Spook") and "Shinin no Sosei" ("Resurrection of a Corpse"), both made in 1898. The era featured a slew of literary adaptations, adapting the works of Poe and Dante, among others. In 1908, Selig Polyscope Company produced "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde".

1. more than a century.
2. yes
3. the fantasy, and thriller genres.
4. Georges Melies
5. "Le Manoir du Diable"
6. 1890
7. 1898
8. authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley,
9. yes
10. ghosts and demons
11. no
12. , through the use of fear and shocking one's audience

Numbered questions:
1. How long has the horror genre been around?
2. Does it overlap with any other genres?
3. Which genres?
4. Who pioneered the depiction of supernatural events?
5. What was supposedly the first horror film?
6. When did it come out?
7. When did Japan first produce horror movies?
8. Is literature commonly adapted into horror films?
9. Do horror films often show nightmares?
10. What kinds of elements do horror films include?
11. Did the first horror film have any words?
12. How do horror films elicit reactions from audiences?