input: Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870. Its origins are often attributed to the philosophers William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce. Peirce later described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."

Pragmatism considers thought an instrument or tool for prediction, problem solving and action, and rejects the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topicssuch as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and scienceare all best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes. The philosophy of pragmatism "emphasizes the practical application of ideas by acting on them to actually test them in human experiences". Pragmatism focuses on a "changing universe rather than an unchanging one as the Idealists, Realists and Thomists had claimed".

Pragmatism as a philosophical movement began in the United States in the 1870s. Charles Sanders Peirce (and his Pragmatic Maxim) is given credit for its development, along with later twentieth century contributors, William James and John Dewey. Its direction was determined by The Metaphysical Club members Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and Chauncey Wright, as well as John Dewey and George Herbert Mead. 1. What is an instrument for prediction?
2. What uses these ideas?
3. Who used this school of thought?
4. who else?
5. and?
6. What is a philosophical topic?
7. Another?
8. And?
9. How about another?
10. When did this movement start? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. Thought.
2. Pragmatists
3. Charles Sanders Peirce
4. William James
5. John Dewey.
6. The nature of knowledge.
7. Language.
8. Concepts.
9. Meaning.
10. 1870s.

question: London (CNN) -- A British businessman who is accused of having his wife killed during their honeymoon in South Africa will be allowed to leave jail on bail, a judge decided Friday.

Shrien Dewani is accused of hiring a crew of hitmen to kill his wife during a taxi ride in Cape Town, South Africa in November.

British Judge Duncan Ousely rejected concerns from the South African government that Dewani would use his funds and international connections to flee before an extradition hearing.

Ben Watson, a lawyer for the South African government, cited hotel surveillance video that he said showed Dewani twice meeting with a cab driver as the sort of evidence indicating Dewani's involvement in a plot against his wife.

But Ousely ruled that Dewani, who did not attend the hearing, had a genuine interest in clearing his name and said he has cooperated with investigators from both England and South Africa.

Dewali's solicitor, Andrew Katzen, said he was "delighted" with the outcome but declined further comment following the court hearing.

Dewani, who is jailed in London's Wandsworth Prison, will be allowed to stay at his parents' home. He will be required to report to a police station in Bristol every morning.

A court hearing has been temporarily scheduled for Jan. 20, but it is unclear when South Africa will submit a formal extradition request.

Dewani's lawyers say he is innocent and will fight extradition.

Dewani's wife, Anni Dewani, died in an apparent carjacking as the couple took a taxi ride in a crime-ridden neighborhood of Cape Town. Dewani was allowed to leave South Africa, but this week prosecutors there accused him of hiring a crew of hitmen to kill his wife.
1. What nationality is the man?
2. What did he do?
3. Where?
4. What was he doing there?
5. What is his name?
6. Did he kill her himself?
7. Did she die at the zoo?
8. Where is he being held?
9. Will he be allowed to leave?
10. Where can he stay?
11. When is his hearing?
12. Is that a permanent date?
13. What was his wife's name?
14. What city did she die in?
15. Who is his representative?
16. Did he mention the hearing?
17. Who is the judge?
18. What is his nationality?
19. When did she die?
20. What month?
****
answer: 1. British
2. accused of having his wife killed
3. South Africa
4. their honeymoon
5. Shrien Dewani
6. accused of hiring a crew of hitmen
7. during a taxi ride
8. London's Wandsworth Prison
9. Yes
10. allowed to stay at his parents' home
11. Jan. 20
12. No
13. Anni Dewani
14. Cape Town
15. Andrew Katzen
16. No
17. Duncan Ousely
18. British
19. died in an apparent carjacking
20. November

Question: New York (CNN) -- A New Jersey teenager was killed when his head hit a highway overpass after he apparently stuck it out of a party bus near the George Washington Bridge, which connects Manhattan with New Jersey over the Hudson River.

Daniel Fernandez, a 16-year-old resident of Sayreville, died Friday evening on his way to a sweet 16 party, according to Port Authority spokesman Steve Coleman.

He was on the top level of a double-decker bus when he apparently stuck his head out of an emergency hatch in the roof, Coleman said.

His head then struck the underside of an overpass, he said.

The incident occurred after the New Jersey-bound bus departed Queens, New York -- loaded with 65 teenagers -- and had just crossed the George Washington Bridge.

Off-duty emergency medical technician Leon Tyrone McKivor, 52, said he approached the scene to offer his assistance and escorted worried parents to a nearby police station where their children were waiting.

"One individual had on a blood soaked shirt that he refused to take off until police insisted that he change," McKivor told CNN. "A number of other individuals had blood all over them, as well."

McKivor said he tried to console the mother of one of the girls who was on the bus.

"She was just crying and crying and hugging me and thanking me," he said.

The horrific scene left several party-goers stunned, according to multiple posts on social media.

"Sitting here with your blood on my foot wishing this was all a bad dream," tweeted teenage party-goer Vicky Budz. "Can't sleep with you on my mind cause the more time goes on the more its settling in." 1. where was the teenager from?
2. what did his head hit?
3. what was he riding in?
4. who is Leon McKivor?
5. where did he take the stunned parents?
6. Did anyone get blood on them?
7. Who said they wish it was all a nightmare and not real?
8. where did she write this?
9. How many kids were on the bus?
10. how old is Leon McKivor?
11. How old was Daniel?
12. Was he on the top or bottom of the bus?
13. Where were they headed?
14. for what event?
15. What bridge were they near when the accident occured?
16. over what river?
17. Who is Steve Coleman?
18. who was said to be crying and hugging McKivor
19. when did the individual with a soiled shirt finally change it?
20. The Washington Bridge connects Manhattan to where? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. New Jersey
2. A highway overpass
3. A party bus
4. An emergency medical technician
5. A nearby police station
6. Yes.
7. Vicky Budz.
8. Twitter.
9. 65 teenagers
10. 52
11. 16
12. the top level
13. They were New-Jersey bound.
14. A sweet 16 party,
15. The George Washington Bridge
16. the Hudson River.
17. Port Authority spokesman
18. The mother of one of the girls.
19. Not until police insisted.
20. Manhattan with New Jersey