instruction:
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
question:
Of the potential effects on Russia that resulted in large-scale population losses, which one would be considered out of the nation's control?, Context: The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.
answer:
disasters

question:
Which dog breed is taller, the Chihuahua or the Irish Wolfhound?, Context: Most breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through this selective breeding, the dog has developed into hundreds of varied breeds, and shows more behavioral and morphological variation than any other land mammal. For example, height measured to the withers ranges from 15.2 centimetres (6.0 in) in the Chihuahua to about 76 cm (30 in) in the Irish Wolfhound; color varies from white through grays (usually called "blue") to black, and browns from light (tan) to dark ("red" or "chocolate") in a wide variation of patterns; coats can be short or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is common for most breeds to shed this coat.
answer:
Irish Wolfhound

question:
Despite the large amount protons why is the Planck constant referred to as small?, Context: Equivalently, the smallness of the Planck constant reflects the fact that everyday objects and systems are made of a large number of particles. For example, green light with a wavelength of 555 nanometres (the approximate wavelength to which human eyes are most sensitive) has a frequency of 7014540000000000000♠️540 THz (7014540000000000000♠️5401012 Hz). Each photon has an energy E = hf = 6981358000000000000♠️3.581019 J. That is a very small amount of energy in terms of everyday experience, but everyday experience is not concerned with individual photons any more than with individual atoms or molecules. An amount of light compatible with everyday experience is the energy of one mole of photons; its energy can be computed by multiplying the photon energy by the Avogadro constant, NA 7023602200000000000♠️6.0221023 mol1. The result is that green light of wavelength 555 nm has an energy of 7005216000000000000♠️216 kJ/mol, a typical energy of everyday life.
answer:
a very small amount of energy in terms of everyday experience