input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: After an adaptive defense is produced against a pathogen, typically plasma cells first secrete IgM into the blood. BCRs on naive B cells are of the IgM class and occasionally IgD class. IgM molecules make up approximately ten percent of all antibodies. Prior to antibody secretion, plasma cells assemble IgM molecules into pentamers (five individual antibodies) linked by a joining (J) chain, as shown in Figure 42.23. The pentamer arrangement means that these macromolecules can bind ten identical antigens. However, IgM molecules released early in the adaptive immune response do not bind to antigens as stably as IgGs, which are one of the possible types of antibodies secreted in large quantities upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Figure 42.23 summarizes the properties of immunoglobulins and illustrates their basic structures. Q: After an adaptive defense is produced against a pathogen, typically plasma cells first secrete immunoglobin, which constitutes about ten percent of all what? A:
OPTIONS:
- parasites
- hormones
- allergies
- antibodies
output: antibodies

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are double sugars called? A:

OPTIONS:
- monosaccharides
- sodiums
- silicates
- disaccharides

A: disaccharides

input: OPTIONS:
- proteins
- hormones
- vitamins
- enzymes Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Enzymes are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms. About 4,000 such reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes, but the number may be even higher. In animals, an important function of enzymes is to help digest food. Digestive enzymes speed up reactions that break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules the body can use. Without digestive enzymes, animals would not be able to break down food molecules quickly enough to provide the energy and nutrients they need to survive. Q: What substances are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms, including digestion? A:
A:
output: enzymes

Answer the following question given this paragraph: As with melting, the energy in boiling goes exclusively to changing the phase of a substance; it does not go into changing the temperature of a substance. So boiling is also an isothermal process. Only when all of a substance has boiled does any additional energy go to changing its temperature. What happens when a liquid becomes a gas? We have already established that a liquid is composed of particles in contact with each other. When a liquid becomes a gas, the particles separate from each other, with each particle going its own way in space. This is how gases tend to fill their containers. Indeed, in the gas phase most of the volume is empty space; only about 1/1,000th of the volume is actually taken up by matter (Figure 10.4 "Liquids and Gases"). It is this property of gases that explains why they can be compressed, a fact that is considered in Chapter 6 "Gases". Figure 10.4 Liquids and Gases. Q: What kind of process is boiling? A:

OPTIONS:
- chemical
- spheroidal
- cavitation
- isothermal

Answer: isothermal

Problem: OPTIONS:
- suction and sulfur oxides
- compost and sulfur oxides
- carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides
- nitrogen and sulfur oxides
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Courtesy of the U. S. EPA. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides combine with rain to form acid rain . Public Domain. Q: What combines with rain to form acid rain? A:
Answer: nitrogen and sulfur oxides

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they interact, mainly at the level of atoms and molecules. Basic concepts in chemistry include chemicals and chemical reactions. Q: Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they what? A:

OPTIONS:
- distinct
- division
- interaction
- interact

Answer:
interact