Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN.

TYRANTS AND PLOTTERS.

Leaving Christian and Adams to carry out their philanthropic intentions, we return to Matthew Quintal, whom we left sprawling on the ground in his garden.

This garden was situated in one of the little valleys not far from Bounty Bay. Higher up in the same valley stood the hut of McCoy. Towards this hut Quintal, after gathering himself up, wended his way in a state of unenviable sulkiness.

His friend McCoy was engaged at the time in smoking his evening pipe, but that pipe did not now seem to render him much comfort, for he growled and puffed in a way that showed he was not soothed by it, the reason being that there was no tobacco in the pipe. That weed,--which many people deem so needful and so precious that one sometimes wonders how the world managed to exist before Sir Walter Raleigh put it to its unnatural use--had at last been exhausted on Pitcairn Island, and the mutineers had to learn to do without it. Some of them said they didn't care, and submitted with a good grace to the inevitable. Others growled and swore and fretted, saying that they knew they couldn't live without it. To their astonishment, and no doubt to their disgust, they did manage to live quite as healthily as before, and with obvious advantage to health and teeth. Two there were, however, namely, Quintal and McCoy, who would not give in, but vowed with their usual violence of language that they would smoke seaweed rather than want their pipes. Like most men of powerful tongue and weak will, they did not fulfil their vows. Seaweed was left to the gulls, but they tried almost every leaf and flower on the island without success. Then they scraped and dried various kinds of bark, and smoked that. Then they tried the fibrous husk of the cocoa-nut, and then the dried and pounded kernel, but all in vain. Smoke, indeed, they produced in huge volumes, but of satisfaction they had none. It was a sad case.
1. Who sprawled on the ground?
2. Where?
3. Who was left to carry out their philanthropic intention?
4. And who else?
5. Where was the garden located?
6. What stood in the valley?
7. Why was McCoy not relaxed by the pipe?
8. Did they smoke bark?
9. Was it sad?
10. What was left to the seagulls?

Numbered answers:
1. Matthew Quintal
2. in his garden
3. Christian
4. Adams
5. in one of the valleys not far from Bounty Bay
6. hut of McCoy
7. there was no tobacco in the pipe
8. Yes
9. Yes
10. seaweed

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Visitors to museums have to pay "voluntary" admission fees, Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, urged yesterday. He said that encouraging visitors to set a value on museums and art galleries, which have been free since 2001, would work extremely well. Mr. Johnson held up New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art as a model. Although New York's museums are officially free, visitors are strongly encouraged to pay a recommended entry fee of $20. At the Met, entry is impossible without first going to the ticket desk. Mr. Johnson's spokesman later admitted that free admission was a "huge draw" for London, but he said, "Having visited the Met last week, the mayor is impressed by how they maximize voluntary contributions and believes there are lessons to be learnt." Mark Jones, director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, told The Timesthat the museum already requested a PS3 donation but was not as forceful as New York's institutions. He said, "I'm not in favor of anything that makes people feel they won't want to go because they feel like they will have to pay." When entrance fees to national museums were decided not to be charged here in 2001, there was a 70 percent increase in visitor numbers in the first year. Political parties have since been unwilling to suggest change, despite concerns about cost. Hugo Swire, the former Shadow Culture Secretary, was dismissed in 2007 for suggesting that "museums and galleries should have the right to charge if they wish". Some in the art community argue, however, that free entrance has done little to increase the breadth of visitors and has caused shortfalls in the budget for the museums. In response to it, Colin Tweedy, chief executive of Arts & Business, said that Britain was "leading the world" in allowing its treasures to be freely available. He said, "To return to museum charging would be a return to the dark ages." Ben Bradshaw, the Culture Secretary, said, "The mayor showed his true intention when he suggested those who could afford it should be encouraged to contribute to the arts. I believe _ is a disaster for the culture, arts and sport." He thinks that free museums and galleries have once been one of this Government's great successes.
1. Who is Boris Johnson?
2. What did he speak of the other day?
3. How long have museums been free there?
4. Who is Ben Bradshaw?
5. Does he want voluntary admissions?
6. What is Johnson basing his opinion on admissions on?
7. What does this museum recommend?
8. What sort of donation is already asked for?
9. Who is Mark Jones?
10. Does he agree with admissions fee?
11. What was the increase after museums went free/
12. Who was the former Shadow Culture Secretary?
13. When was he fired?
14. What for?
15. How does the art community feel about admissions fee?
16. Who is Colin Tweedy?
17. What does he feel about Britain allowing free admissions?

Numbered answers:
1. the mayor of London
2. "voluntary" admission fees
3. since 2001
4. Culture Secretary
5. No
6. New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art
7. entry fee of $20
8. PS3
9. director of the Victoria and Albert Museum
10. No
11. 70 percent increase
12. Hugo Swire
13. 2007
14. for suggesting that "museums and galleries should have the right to charge if they wish"
15. They agree
16. chief executive of Arts & Business
17. He likes it

Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.
1. where does food enter?
2. as part of what system
3. what action starts the process?
4. what does saliva contain?
5. what does juice in the tummy do?
Numbered answers:
1. Tthe mouth
2. Digestive system
3. Chewing
4. salivary amylase
5. Starts protein digestion