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Ptolemy was an ancient astronomer who thought Earth was the center of the universe. When he made observations that were inconsistent with this, he proposed a phenomenon called "epicycles" to explain the observations. How was Ptolemy's process similar to the modern scientific process?

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In the 1500s, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a new theory on the heliocentric structure of the solar system. Which of these statements best describes this new theory?

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A road cut shows a layer of shale on top of a layer of limestone. This indicates

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The gravitational force of the Sun affects the planets in our solar system. Which of these is influenced the most by this force?