Q: Q: What is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is made up of monomers of glucose. Glycogen is the animal equivalent of starch and is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. Whenever blood glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose in a process known as glycogenolysis. Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer. The cell wall of plants is mostly made of cellulose; this provides structural support to the cell. Wood and paper are mostly cellulosic in nature. Cellulose is made up of glucose monomers that are linked by 1-4 glycosidic bonds (Figure 3.10). Choices: - neurons - fructose - placenta - glycogen A:
A: glycogen

Q: Q: What is the term for a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives inside the other? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Endosymbiosis We have mentioned that both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes. Have you wondered why? Strong evidence points to endosymbiosis as the explanation. Symbiosis is a relationship in which organisms from two separate species depend on each other for their survival. Endosymbiosis (endo- = "within") is a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives inside the other. Endosymbiotic relationships abound in nature. We have already mentioned that microbes that produce vitamin K live inside the human gut. This relationship is beneficial for us because we are unable to synthesize vitamin K. It is also beneficial for the microbes because they are protected from other organisms and from drying out, and they receive abundant food from the environment of the large intestine. Scientists have long noticed that bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are similar in size. We also know that bacteria have DNA and ribosomes, just as mitochondria and chloroplasts do. Scientists believe that host cells and bacteria formed an endosymbiotic relationship when the host cells ingested both aerobic and autotrophic bacteria (cyanobacteria) but did not destroy them. Through many millions of years of evolution, these ingested bacteria became more specialized in their functions, with the aerobic bacteria becoming mitochondria and the autotrophic bacteria becoming chloroplasts. The Central Vacuole Previously, we mentioned vacuoles as essential components of plant cells. If you look at Figure 4.8b, you will see that plant cells each have a large central vacuole that occupies most of the area of the cell. The central vacuole plays a key role in regulating the cell's concentration of water in changing environmental conditions. Have you ever noticed that if you forget to water a plant for a few days, it wilts? That's because as the water concentration in the soil becomes lower than the water concentration in the plant, water moves out of the central vacuoles and cytoplasm. As the central vacuole... Choices: - parasite - symbiosis - parthenogenesis - endosymbiosis A:
A: endosymbiosis

Q: Q: What is the basis of the classification of protists? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Protists are classified based on traits they share with other eukaryotes. There are animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists. The three groups differ mainly in how they get carbon and energy. Choices: - conditions shared - mutations shared - tails shared - traits shared A:
A: traits shared

Q: Q: What makes metals shiny? Read this paragraph and choose the correct option from the provided answers: Metals are generally shiny. This is because they reflect much of the light that strikes them. The mercury pictured above is very shiny. Choices: - light characterization - light energy - light expansion - light reflection A:
A: light reflection