In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Example Input: v. New York Stock Exchange, 373 U.S. 341, 357, 83 S.Ct. 1246, 1257, 10 L.Ed.2d 389 (1963). At the outset, we consider the effect of TAPAA's introductory paragraph. Section 1653(c)(1) prescribes that, "Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law," the owner of a vessel carrying trans-Alaska oil and the Fund "shall be strictly liable without regard to fault in accordance with the provisions of this subsection...." 43 U.S.C. 1653(c)(1). Section 1653(c)(1) is the general statement of liability, and as such it introduces the subsequent subsections which contain TAPAA's operational details. While some courts have found "notwithstanding" phrases to preempt explicitly the application of other laws, see, e.g., Complaint of Hokkaido Fisheries Co., Ltd., 506 F.Supp. 631, 634 (D.Alaska 1981) (<HOLDING>), we do not find the phrase dispositive in this
Holding statements: (A) holding that denial of permit under section 404 of the clean water act was a taking (B) holding that district courts are without jurisdiction to review preenforcement orders issued under the clean water act (C) holding that adequate notice is a mandatory precondition of a clean water act citizen suit (D) holding that the limitation act does not apply to claims brought under the clean water act (E) holding that similar notwithstanding language in the clean water act preempted application of limitation act to limit owners liability for cleanup costs
Example Output: (E)

Example Input: 2d 266, 35 (discussing the reasoning in Brunst as being that "unless these 'time immemorial' duties were constitutionally protected from interference by others, the constitutional provision securing the people the right to choose sheriffs would become meaningless"). It seems incongruous to us that the policy of keeping duties within the office of sheriff because he is elected and answerable to the electors is consistent with the holdings in WPPA II (and, more recently Brown County), where the court held that because the duty was characteristically the sheriffs, he can, as a result, contract with third parties for the carrying out of the duty. Yet, we are bound by WPPA II (and its interpretation of Brunst) and Brown County. See Cook v. Cook, 208 Wis. 2d 166, 190, 560 N.W.2d 246 (1997) (<HOLDING>). 29. For the reasons stated, we reverse the
Holding statements: (A) holding that one panel cannot overrule a prior panels published decision (B) holding that court of appeals may adopt such waiver rule (C) holding court of appeals erred in refusing to take judicial notice of published puc order (D) holding that the court need not follow a decision of the district of columbia court of appeals where it appears that the court of appeals itself would not follow that decision (E) holding that the court of appeals may not overrule modify or withdraw language from a previously published decision of the court of appeals
Example Output: (E)

Example Input: had relied on Generally Accepted Accounting Principals ("GAAP") to value the paintings and the land. G. Levine Test, at 86:8-87:2. Defendants, however, did not show at trial or at the remedies hearing that the assets were correctly valued according to GAAP, or that GAAP was even relevant to the question of the value of the purported interest in the Tennessee land or the Sky Jones paintings. B. The Levines Made the False Statements With Reckless Disregard for Their Veracity 8. By determining that the Levines violated 10(b) and Rule 10b-5, the jury found that the Levine's fraudulent statements were made at least recklessly as to their falsity, if not knowingly. See Jury Verdict Form [# 169]; see also Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185, 193, 96 S.Ct. 1375, 47 L.Ed.2d 668 (1976) (<HOLDING>). II.THE COMMISSION HAS PARTIALLY MET ITS
Holding statements: (A) holding that 10b and rule 10b5 apply to frauds against brokers (B) holding only purchasers and sellers of securities can recover under section 10b and rule 10b5 (C) holding that no private cause of action for damages will lie under 10b and rule 10b5 in the absence of any allegation of scienter intent to deceive manipulate or defraud (D) holding that a private plaintiff is not entitled to maintain an aiding and abetting action under 10b or rule 10b 5 (E) holding that a person violates 10b and rule 10b5 when he misappropriates confidential information in breach of a duty owed to the source of the information
Example Output:
(C)