Q: arXiv (pronounced "archive") is a repository of electronic preprints, known as e-prints, of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and quantitative finance, which can be accessed online. In many fields of mathematics and physics, almost all scientific papers are self-archived on the arXiv repository. Begun on August 14, 1991, arXiv.org passed the half-million article milestone on October 3, 2008, and hit a million by the end of 2014. By 2014 the submission rate had grown to more than 8,000 per month.

The arXiv was made possible by the low-bandwidth TeX file format, which allowed scientific papers to be easily transmitted over the Internet and rendered client-side. Around 1990, Joanne Cohn began emailing physics preprints to colleagues as TeX files, but the number of papers being sent soon filled mailboxes to capacity. Paul Ginsparg recognized the need for central storage, and in August 1991 he created a central repository mailbox stored at the Los Alamos National Laboratory which could be accessed from any computer. Additional modes of access were soon added: FTP in 1991, Gopher in 1992, and the World Wide Web in 1993. The term e-print was quickly adopted to describe the articles.

Answer the following questions:
1. What's the main topic?
2. When did it begin?
3. In what month?
4. And day?
5. What was the rate of submission by 2014?
6. When did they clear half-million articles?
7. Who emailed TeX files around 1990?
8. What did those email cause?
9. What did Paul Ginsparg see?
10. And what did he do about it?
11. Where would they be stored?
12. What could access that?
13. Are there other access ways?
14. How many?
15. Which one came out first?
16. In what year?
17. How many years til the next come out?
18. What was its name?
19. When was the WWW added?
A: 1. arXiv
2. 1991
3. August
4. 14th
5. 8,000 per month
6. October 3, 2008
7. Joanne Cohn
8. they filled mailboxes to capacity
9. He recognized the need for central storage.
10. He created a central repository mailbox.
11. Los Alamos National Laboratory
12. Any computer.
13. Yes.
14. Three
15. FTP
16. 1991
17. One
18. Gopher
19. 1993

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Mariupol, Ukraine (CNN)Ukraine President Petro Poroshenko declared a ceasefire went into effect at midnight Saturday local time (5 p.m. ET) between the Ukrainian military and pro-Russian militants in the nation's east.

The separatist Donetsk People's Republic also announced the ceasefire.

But an apparent violation was reported less than 90 minutes after the ceasefire began when Ukraine's Anti-Terrorist Operation Command reported that a military post near Zolote in the Luhansk region has been shelled by mortars.

As a positive sign, CNN reporters in Ukraine reported the shelling quieted shortly after midnight.

The peace agreement signed in Minsk, Belarus, several days ago comes with many questions over how it will be implemented and whether it will stick. Mistrust is high on both sides, adding to the doubts.

The town of Debaltseve, a strategically located railroad hub in the east, is shaping up as a crucial piece of the ceasefire.

In his speech announcing the ceasefire, Poroshenko said Ukrainian troops control the town and warned militants to stay away.

"I think the fact of using the tense situation on the outskirts of Debaltseve by militants-terrorists-mercenaries poses a great threat, which can violate the ceasefire regime," Poroshenko said. "I am warning all participants of the Minsk negotiations, including the Russian Federation, which identifies itself as the guarantor of the reached agreements."

CNN's Nick Paton Walsh, reporting from the eastern town of Donetsk, said separatists claim to have encircled Debaltseve.

"Debaltseve will be a vital flashpoint for the hours ahead," he said.

Poroshenko has warned that if the separatists do not abide by the ceasefire, he will impose martial law throughout Ukraine's territory, his spokesman Andrey Zhigulin told CNN.

1. Who is the Petro Poroshenko?
2. Of what country?
3. What did reporters in Ukraine report?
4. Who had called for a ceasefire?
5. Between who?
6. Did everyone adhere to it?
7. How long did it take for someone to violate it?
8. Where was the agreement signed?
9. What country is that in?
10. Do the two parties trust each other?
11. What town is becoming critical to the ceasefire?
12. Where is it located?
13. Who controls that city?

Numbered answers:

A: 1. the President
2. Ukraine
3. the shelling quieted
4. President Petro Poroshenko
5. the Ukrainian military and pro-Russian militants
6. No
7. less than 90 minutes
8. Minsk
9. Belarus
10. No
11. Debaltseve
12. in the east
13. Ukrainian troops

Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Sally liked going outside. She put on her shoes. She went outside to walk. She walked on the green grass. The sun was warm. The trees were tall. The birds sang in the trees. Sally liked how the birds can sing. Sally likes to sing with the birds, outside. Ring, ring, is how the birds sang. Sally sang ring, ring, with the birds in the trees. Sally took off her shoes. Sally liked how the green grass was on her toes. Sally's toes liked the green grass. Sally walked on the green grass some more. She saw Missy the cat. Missy the cat meowed to Sally. Sally waved to Missy the cat. Sally likes Missy the cat. Sally likes to meow to Missy the cat. Meow, meow, Sally says to Missy the cat. Missy the cat walks away from Sally. Sally hears her name. Sally, Sally, come home, Sally's Mom calls out. Sally runs home to her Mom. Sally liked going outside.

1. Does Sally like being outdoors?
2. What does Sally like to feel on her feet?
3. What color is it?
4. What kind of animal is Missy?
5. What did Sally do when she saw Missy?
6. Did Missy meow to Sally?
7. Did Sally meow back?
8. What other animals did Sally talk to that day?
9. Who called Sally's name?
10. What was the weather like?

Numbered answers:

A:
1. yes
2. grass
3. green
4. cat
5. waved
6. yes
7. yes
8. birds
9. Sally's Mom
10. warm