input: OPTIONS:
- bacteria
- acids
- proteins
- fungi Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Q: What kingdom in the domain eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts called? A:
A:
output: fungi

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Heart valves prevent what kind of blood flow from happening in the heart? A:

OPTIONS:
- irregular flow
- quick flow
- slow flow
- backflow

Answer: backflow

Problem: OPTIONS:
- antennae
- flagella
- cloven hooves
- jointed appendages
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The jointed appendages of arthropods may be used as legs for walking. Being jointed makes them more flexible. Try walking or climbing stairs without bending your knees, and you'll see why joints are helpful. In most arthropods, the appendages on the head have been modified for other functions. Figure below shows some of head appendages found in arthropods. Sensory organs such as eyes are also found on the head. Q: What might arthropods use as legs for walking? A:
Answer: jointed appendages

Problem:OPTIONS:
- replication reaction
- osmosis
- metabolism
- reabsorption

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Flame Cells of Planaria and Nephridia of Worms As multi-cellular systems evolved to have organ systems that divided the metabolic needs of the body, individual organs evolved to perform the excretory function. Planaria are flatworms that live in fresh water. Their excretory system consists of two tubules connected to a highly branched duct system. The cells in the tubules are called flame cells (or protonephridia) because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope, as illustrated in Figure 41.10a. The cilia propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface; cilia also draw water from the interstitial fluid, allowing for filtration. Any valuable metabolites are recovered by reabsorption. Flame cells are found in flatworms, including parasitic tapeworms and free-living planaria. They also maintain the organism's osmotic balance. Q: How are valuable metabolites recovered? A:
****
A: reabsorption

Answer the following question given this paragraph: 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down carbohydrates contained in food. The energy released is used to power the cells and systems that make up your body. Excess or unutilized energy is stored as fat or glycogen for later use. Carbohydrate metabolism begins in the mouth, where the enzyme salivary amylase begins to break down complex sugars into monosaccharides. These can then be transported across the intestinal membrane into the bloodstream and then to body tissues. In the cells, glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is processed through a sequence of reactions into smaller sugars, and the energy stored inside the molecule is released. The first step of carbohydrate catabolism is glycolysis, which produces pyruvate, NADH, and ATP. Under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate can be converted into lactate to keep glycolysis working. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition to ATP, the Krebs cycle produces high-energy FADH2 and NADH molecules, which provide electrons to the oxidative phosphorylation process that generates more high-energy ATP molecules. For each molecule of glucose that is processed in glycolysis, a net of 36 ATPs can be created by aerobic respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, ATP production is limited to those generated by glycolysis. While a total of four ATPs are produced by glycolysis, two are needed to begin glycolysis, so there is a net yield of two ATP molecules. In conditions of low glucose, such as fasting, starvation, or low carbohydrate diets, glucose can be synthesized from lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, alanine, or glutamate. This process, called gluconeogenesis, is almost the reverse of glycolysis and serves to create glucose molecules for glucose-dependent organs, such as the brain, when glucose levels fall below normal. Q: Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down what? A:
OPTIONS:
- proteins
- lipids
- impurities
- carbohydrates
carbohydrates

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Cells in a biofilm secrete what to recruit nearby cells? A:
OPTIONS:
- signaling proteins
- harnessing molecules
- signaling neurons
- signaling molecules

Answer:
signaling molecules