In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a "wager" and a mathematical triangle.

Answer: Social Science

Question: Thomas McClintock helped chair this meeting, which sparked a National Convention two years later in Worcester, Massachusetts and saw speeches by Samuel Tillman and Ansel Bascom. Newspaper editor Gordon Bennet ridiculed this meeting by publishing its proceedings in the New York Herald, and it was sparked by an extension of the state property tax. This meeting was organized at Richard Hunt's tea table in the nearby village of Waterloo and took place in a Wesleyan church. The Declaration of Independence was modified to form its namesake Declaration of Sentiments. For ten points, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton organized which 1848 convention on women's rights

Answer: History

Question: This quantity can contribute an extra term to the thermodynamic identity, making possible an isentropic cooling method effective at low temperatures. The propagation of light along it induces a rotation in the polarization vector named for Faraday, and Landau levels are formed in metals when it is applied. An inhomogenous arrangement of this quantity in space was key to conducting the Stern-Gerlach experiment, and its breaking of degeneracies in atomic energy levels is known as the Zeeman effect. A material's delayed reaction to an externally applied one is known as hysteresis, and a spin will precess about one of these with the Larmor frequency. For ten points, identify this divergence-free component of a fundamental force whose cross-product with velocity is proportional to the Lorenz force with which it deflects charged particles.

Answer:
Science