Question: Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants in either manuscripts or printed books. Ancient scribes made alterations when copying manuscripts by hand. Given a manuscript copy, several or many copies, but not the original document, the textual critic might seek to reconstruct the original text (the archetype or autograph) as closely as possible. The same processes can be used to attempt to reconstruct intermediate versions, or recensions, of a document's transcription history. The ultimate objective of the textual critic's work is the production of a "critical edition" containing a scholarly curated text.

Many ancient works, such as the Bible and the Greek tragedies,[citation needed] survive in hundreds of copies, and the relationship of each copy to the original may be unclear. Textual scholars have debated for centuries which sources are most closely derived from the original, hence which readings in those sources are correct.[citation needed] Although biblical books that are letters, like Greek plays, presumably had one original, the question of whether some biblical books, like the Gospels, ever had just one original has been discussed. Interest in applying textual criticism to the Qur'an has also developed after the discovery of the Sana'a manuscripts in 1972, which possibly date back to the 78th centuries. 1. Is the Bible ancient?
2. What other works are considered ancient?
3. How many copies do they survive in?
4. is the relationship of copies to the original always clear?
5. What type of scholars debate about the sources?
6. How long have they debated about them?
7. What are they debating about the readings?
8. What presumably had one original souce?
9. Did Greek plays also have one original?
10. Is there a question about how many originals the Gospels had?
11. What type of criticism is there interest in applying to the Qur'an?
12. When did this interest develop?
13. Whose manuscript had been discovered?
14. How far back might it date?
15. Is that earlier or later than when we put a man on the moon?
16. Does Textual criticism concern itself with any books?
17. Who made alterations when they copied manuscripts?
18. How did they make copies?
19. What does the critic want to do to the original text?
20. Can the same process be used for intermediate versions? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. Yes
2. the Greek tragedies
3. hundreds
4. No
5. Textual scholars
6. for centuries
7. which sources are most closely derived from the original
8. biblical books that are letters
9. Yes
10. Yes
11. textual
12. after 1972
13. Sana'a
14. to the 78th centuries.
15. earlier
16. yes
17. Ancient scribes
18. by hand
19. reconstruct it
20. Yes

Question: (CNN) -- Henry Joseph Madden was a good student and track team member in high school, but he had a secret: He sometimes wore his mother's pantyhose and underwear under his clothes.

Dr. Jennifer Madden, a family physician, began her transition to being female at age 48.

"I really wanted to be a girl so bad, and that was one way for me to satisfy those feelings," Madden said. "I always felt like someone was looking over my shoulder."

The desire to be female never went away. At age 48, Madden confessed these feelings to a doctor, and started seeing a gender therapist who suggested Madden was transgendered.

Through reconstructive surgeries, electrolysis, laser procedures and voice lessons, Henry Joseph became Jennifer Elizabeth, known as Jenny. She is a practicing family physician in Nashua, New Hampshire. Watch Jenny's story "

Chastity Bono, child of performer Cher and the late entertainer and politician Sonny Bono, announced Thursday the beginning of a transition from female to a male.

While still relatively rare -- one advocate estimates that 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the American population is transgendered -- the idea of changing gender identity has become more widespread in recent years. The term "LGBT" (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) is more commonly recognized, and transgendered people have been portrayed in the 1999 film "Boys Don't Cry" as well as the 2002 book "Middlesex" by Jeffrey Eugenides.

Many people who have transitioned, including Madden, say they knew they had been born into the wrong gender from childhood. As early as age 3, Dr. Julie Praus, born male, didn't understand why her father wanted to play catch. As a boy, Praus learned how to fish and hunt, but enjoyed collecting Depression-era glassware vases. Praus, 48, a psychiatrist in Brattleboro, Vermont, started living as a woman in March 2008. 1. How much of the American population is transgendered?
2. Does that include Dr. Jennifer Madden?
3. What was her birth name?
4. Did Henry want to be a girl in high school?
5. Did that keep her from being a good student and extracurricular activities?
6. How old was she when she transitioned?
7. Whose idea was it, originally?
8. What kind of doctor is Jenny?
9. Is the idea of transitioning getting more common?
10. How about the term "LGBT?" Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers: 1. 0.25 to 0.5 percent
2. yes
3. Henry Joseph Madden
4. yes
5. no
6. 48
7. her gender therapist
8. a family physician
9. yes
10. yes

Question: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (CNN) -- An Emirati blogger who has called for reform in the United Arab Emirates is being held in Al Wathba prison in Abu Dhabi, his wife said Wednesday

Ahmed Mansoor is being treated well, according to wife Nadia, who said she spoke to him Tuesday evening.

Mansoor's attorney, Abdul Hamid Al Kumity, said he is not aware of any charges against his client, but will meet with the prosecutor's office Wednesday.

Dubai police have told Al Kumity that two bottles of whiskey were found in Mansoor's house. Alcohol is available at hotels and select stores in the UAE, but Muslims are not allowed to buy or possess it.

Mansoor's wife acknowledged that here was alcohol in their house, but said they don't drink. The alcohol, in a small unopened box, was probably a gift from friends or family, she said.

About 10 men, including two wearing police uniforms, picked up Mansoor from his apartment Friday afternoon, according to his wife.

The men also took Mansoor's passport and laptop and left without telling her where they were taking him or why.

Fahad Salem al-Shehhi, a friend of Mansoor's who helped him with his website, was detained Saturday evening, said activist Mohammed al-Mansoori. Al-Shehhi was taken from the Emirate of Ajman, where he was living temporarily while his wife studies there, al-Mansoori said. Al-Shehhi has been without a passport for seven years, he said.

The third, Nasser bin Ghaith, an Emirati writer who also maintains a website, was detained Sunday, al-Mansoori said. 1. Where was the blogger imprisoned?
2. What was his name?
3. What did they find in the search?
4. When did they pick him up?
5. What did Mansoors wife say about it?
6. Was his lawyer mention any charges?
7. Did they confiscate anything?
8. Where did they say they were taking him?
9. Was anyone else detained?
10. Who else was detained?
11. Why was he detained? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. Al Wathba prison
2. Ahmed Mansoor
3. two bottles of whiskey
4. Friday afternoon
5. she acknowledged that here was alcohol
6. no
7. his passport
8. no
9. yes
10. Fahad Salem al-Shehh
11. he helped him with his website