Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: It remains controversial whether the cure of H. pylori infection improves NUD symptoms.', 'To conduct a double-blind placebo-controlled single centre study with concealed allocation to investigate this question.', 'Ninety NUD patients with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (50 patients) or placebo group (40 patients). The treatment group received omeprazole, amoxycillin, clarithromycin and the placebo group received omeprazole and placebos for 7 days. Symptoms were assessed every week for up to 12 weeks after completion of medication by a symptom questionnaire. Alteration of histological parameters for gastritis was also evaluated.', 'The infection was cured in 41 out of 48 patients in the treatment group and none in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in the mean symptom scores at any assessment point up to 12 weeks between the treatment and placebo groups. Regarding histological parameters, activity and inflammation, not atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, were significantly improved in the treatment group.

Answer: 1

Question: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies associated with mutations or copy number variations in over 70 genes encoding proteins with fundamental roles in the development and function of Schwann cells and peripheral axons. Here, we used iPSC-derived cells to identify common pathophysiological mechanisms in axonal CMT.', 'iPSC lines from patients with two distinct forms of axonal CMT (CMT2A and CMT2E) were differentiated into spinal cord motor neurons and used to study axonal structure and function and electrophysiological properties in vitro.', 'iPSC-derived motor neurons exhibited gene and protein expression, ultrastructural and electrophysiological features of mature primary spinal cord motor neurons. Cytoskeletal abnormalities were found in neurons from a CMT2E (NEFL) patient and corroborated by a mouse model of the same NEFL point mutation. Abnormalities in mitochondrial trafficking were found in neurons derived from this patient, but were only mildly present in neurons from a CMT2A (MFN2) patient. Novel electrophysiological abnormalities, including reduced action potential threshold and abnormal channel current properties were observed in motor neurons derived from both of these patients.

Answer: 1

Question: Accurate sampling of gallbladder bile for biliary analysis is essential for determining any potential difference between combined bile acid therapy and monotherapy in gallstone patients.', 'In 104 gallstone patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with following bile acid therapy [either chenodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day) and ursodeoxycholic acid (500 mg/day), group I (n = 53), or ursodeoxycholic acid alone (1000 mg/day), group II (n = 51)], bile samples, obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder, were investigated for biliary lipids, total biliary protein concentration, and nucleation time before and after 12 months of bile acid therapy.', 'Initially, a negative correlation was found between nucleation time and number of gallstones and between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time (r = -0.52 and r = -0.49 in group I vs r = -0.56 and r = -0.51 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). The correlation between total biliary protein concentration and nucleation time was also found after 12 months of bile acid treatment (r = -0.54 in group I vs r = -0.47 in group II, p < 0.01 in each group). In group I, the decrease in cholesterol saturation index, biliary cholesterol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and total protein concentration was more pronounced than in group II (p < 0.01). The same effect was found concerning the prolongation of nucleation time (p < 0.01). Furthermore, dissolution rates were higher in group I compared with group II (80.4 vs 69.0%, p < 0.01).

Answer:
0