input question: I read this background article the other day: Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by using sunscreen. How to choose a sunscreen that offers the most protection is explained below ( Figure below ). Some people think that tanning beds are a safe way to get a tan. This is a myth. Tanning beds expose the skin to UV radiation. Any exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of skin cancer. It doesn't matter whether the radiation comes from tanning lamps or the sun. I am facing a new situation today: Bob and Bill studied at the same university. While Bob got into studying nutrition, Bill ended up studying about cancer and how to prevent it. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which student learned more about how to choose a sunscreen that offers the most protection????
output answer: Bill
I read this background article the other day: Regions on the Earth's surface (or in its atmosphere) that are high above mean sea level are referred to as high altitude. High altitude is sometimes defined to begin at 2,400 meters (8,000 ft) above sea level.[5][6][7] At high altitude, atmospheric pressure is lower than that at sea level. This is due to two competing physical effects: gravity, which causes the air to be as close as possible to the ground; and the heat content of the air, which causes the molecules to bounce off each other and expand.[8] I am facing a new situation today: Ken is an avid mountain climber. This year he reached the summits of two mountains, mountain A and mountain B. Mountain A is only 5000 ft tall while mountain B is 15000 ft tall. He has also learned a fun fact that water boils faster and at lower temperature at low atmospheric pressure. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which mountain summit would be considered low altitude, mountain A or mountain B?
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Answer: mountain A
Q: I read this background article the other day: A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells, or by growing around the root cells. This association provides the fungus with relatively constant and direct access to glucose, which the plant produces by photosynthesis. The mycelia of the fungi increase the surface area of the plant's root system. The larger surface area improves water and mineral nutrient absorption from the soil. I am facing a new situation today: Two friends studied permaculture together. Bill studied about mycorrhiza, while Red studied about hugel kultur. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which friend learned more about fungus colonizing the roots of a host plant by growing around the root cells?
A: Bill
Question: I read this background article the other day: Iron is first oxidized to iron(II) ions by oxygen. In the second step, the iron(II) ions are further oxidized and combine with water and oxygen gas to produce a hydrated form of iron(III) oxide known as rust. Rusting is one of many example of corrosion. Corrosion is the deterioration of metals by redox processes. Corrosion causes enormous amounts of damage to buildings, bridges, ships, cars, and other objects. It has been estimated that corrosion costs the U.S. economy over 100 billion dollars each year. A great amount of time and effort is spent to try to limit or prevent corrosion. I am facing a new situation today: Two neighboring cities had different climates. Dune city had very dry air and no rain, while Bay city had very high humidity, fog and lots of rain. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which city had more damage to cars because of corrosion?
Answer: Bay
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: The brains of all mammals have a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum. This layer is called the neocortex (the pink region of the brains in Figure above ). The neocortex plays an important role in many complex brain functions. In some mammals, such as rats, the neocortex is relatively smooth. In other mammals, especially humans, the neocortex has many folds. The folds increase the surface area of the neocortex. The larger this area is, the greater the mental abilities of an animal. I am facing a new situation today: Two students read about brains in the animal kingdom. Tom read more about the brains of mammals, while Reed learned more about the brains of amphibians. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: Which student learned more about the neocortex?
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[A]: Tom
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Pulmonary fibrosis (literally "scarring of the lungs") is a respiratory disease in which scars are formed in the lung tissues, leading to serious breathing problems. Scar formation, the accumulation of excess fibrous connective tissue (the process called fibrosis), leads to thickening of the walls, and causes reduced oxygen supply in the blood. As a consequence patients suffer from perpetual shortness of breath.[1] I am facing a new situation today: Air pollution is a big problem in large industrial cities. New York has its share or air pollution. John is a doctor who works for a New York hospital. Today, he is seeing two patients, patient A and patient B. His diagnosis revealed that patient A has pulmonary fibrosis, but patient B does not have pulmonary fibrosis. Using the knowledge I acquired from the background article, how should I answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: In which patient John would observe scarred lung tissues?
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The answer is:
patient A