Q: Jack and Jill shared the cost of renting a cottage that costs $5 an hour. If they rented it for eight hours, how much did each friend pay?
A: 20
Step-by-step reasoning process: The total cost of renting the cottage for 8 hours is $5 x 8 = $40. So, each friend pay $40 / 2 = $20 each.

Q: A restaurant makes 40 more pizzas than hot dogs every day. If the restaurant makes 60 hot dogs every day, how many pizzas and hot dogs will it make in June?
A: 4800
Step-by-step reasoning process: If the restaurant makes 60 hot dogs and 40 more pizzas than hot dogs every day, it makes 60 + 40 = 100 pizzas. The total number of pizzas and hot dogs it makes in a day is 100 + 60 = 160. In June, with thirty days, the restaurant will make 30 * 160 = 4800 pizzas and hot dogs in total.

Q: Cornelia likes to travel. She visited already 42 different countries. 20 of them were in Europe and 10 in South America. From the rest of the countries, only half of them were in Asia. How many Asian countries has Cornelia visited?
A: 6
Step-by-step reasoning process: Cornelia visited 42 countries - 20 countries - 10 countries = 12 countries which were outside of Europe and South America. Half of those 12 countries were in Asia, so there were 12 countries / 2 = 6 Asian countries that Cornelia visited.

Q: Samuel bought 2 dozen doughnuts and Cathy bought 3 dozen doughnuts. They planned to share the doughnuts evenly with their 8 other friends. How many doughnuts will each of them receive?
A: 6
Step-by-step reasoning process: Since 1 dozen is equal to 12, then Samuel has 2 x 12 = 24 doughnuts. While Cathy has 3 x 12 = 36. They both have 24 + 36 = 60 doughnuts together. There are 8 friends + 1 (Samuel) + 1 (Cathy) = 10 that will share the doughnuts. Thus, each of them will get 60 / 10 = 6 doughnuts.