Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Protein and energy malnutrition is a severe problem for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and fasting often induces starvation which is a vitally important outcome. Dietary restriction is essential for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in patients with risky esophageal varices, thereby creating the possible exacerbation of nutritional state and inducing liver dysfunction. Whether EIS induces nutritional deficiency in LC patients and the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched nutrient are prospectively investigated.', 'A total of 61 LC patients were randomly divided into an EIS monotherapy group (non-BCAA group, n=31) and an EIS combined with BCAA therapy group (n=30). Platelet count, blood chemistry and somatometry values were prospectively measured at five time points.', 'The platelet counts before treatment were at the same level in both groups (P=0.72). Three months after treatment, the counts decreased in the non-BCAA group; however, they increased in the BCAA group (P=0.019). Body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness and arm muscle circumference significantly decreased in both groups. The BCAA and tyrosine ratio value increased only in the BCAA group (P<0.01). The skeletal muscle volume measured by InBody720 significantly decreased in the non-BCAA group (P<0.001).

Answer: 1

Question: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within populations do not follow Gaussian distribution, and normal limits are derived after mathematical normalization. The clinical relevance of these limits is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare upper and lower TSH limits by four data normalization methods with non-normalized data and assess their clinical relevance.', 'Results of blood samples taken by community physicians and stored in a computerized database were analysed after removing samples from patients with evidence of thyroid illness. TSH values were normalized by the Hoffmann and Tukey methods and each method with natural log transformation. Non-normalized data for TSH in the uppermost and lowermost percentile were also calculated. Clinical relevance was determined by alterations in thyroid hormone levels at, below and above the limits for each method.', 'The maximal reduction from non-normalized data for the upper normal limit (UNL) was by the Hoffman method 43% = 31 mIU/l). The maximal increase for the lower normal limit (LNL) was also by the Hoffman method (708% = 081 mIU/l). There was very limited difference in average FT3 and FT4 between patients with TSH within, below or above the normal range for all methods.

Answer: 0

Question: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an established indicator of all-cause mortality in a coronary care unit (CCU), and evaluating the risks of renal dysfunction can guide treatment decisions. In this study we used the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score to predict the incidence of AKI in CCU patients who had not undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) after a cardiac angiogram.', 'The study cohort comprised 126 patients diagnosed with 2 or 3 coronary vessels disease who did not receive CABG during their hospital course. This study was performed in the CCU of a tertiary referral university hospital between September 2012 and August 2013. The STS score was evaluated with adjustment in all patients and the outcomes of the risk of mortality, morbidity, or mortality and renal failure were selected for predicting assessment. Furthermore, the performance of the STS scores was compared with that of other scoring systems.', 'A total of 28.5% (36 of 126) of the patients had AKI of varying severity. For predicting AKI, the STS renal failure score was excellent, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 0.039, p < 0.001. When compared with other scoring systems, the STS renal failure score demonstrated the highest discriminatory power, the most favorable Youden index, and the highest overall correctness of prediction.

Answer:
0