Detailed Instructions: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Q: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinases (AMPKs), as a sensor of cellular energy status, have been known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. Because AMPKs are known to be expressed in podocytes, it is possible that podocyte AMPKs could be an important contributing factor in the development of diabetic proteinuria. We investigated the roles of AMPKs in the pathological changes in podocytes induced by high-glucose (HG) and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in diabetic proteinuria.', 'We prepared streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal tissues and cultured rat and mouse podocytes under diabetic conditions with AMPK-modulating agents. The changes in AMPK were analyzed with confocal imaging and Western blotting under the following conditions: (1) normal glucose (5mM, =control); (2) HG (30mM); (3) AGE-added; or (4) HG plus AGE-added.', 'The density of glomerularphospho-AMPK in experimental diabetic nephropathy decreased as a function of the diabetic duration. Diabetic conditions including HG and AGE changed the localization of phospho-AMPK from peripheral cytoplasm to internal cytoplasm and peri- and intranuclear areas in podocytes. HG reduced the AMPK (Thr172) phosphorylation of rat podocytes, and similarly, AGEs reduced the AMPK (Thr172) phosphorylation of mouse podocytes. The distributional and quantitative changes in phospho-AMPK caused by diabetic conditions were preventable using AMPK activators, metformin, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-riboside.
A:
Do diabetic conditions modulate the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase of podocytes?