Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastiao de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Tavora family and the Duke of Aveiro were implicated and executed after a quick trial. The Jesuits were expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown. Sebastiao de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children. This was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy. Joseph I made his loyal minister Count of Oeiras in 1759.

Following the Tavora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal's "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty and especially an apparatus for crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation as well as intensifying book censorship and consolidating personal control and profit. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. Who was the Prime Minister under Joseph 1?
2. When was he given more power?
3. What did he do with it?
4. Did he get along with the nobles?
5. Who was blamed for trying to Assassinate Joseph?
6. What happened to them?
7. What was De Melo's role?
8. what title was he given after?
9. For how many years did he rule Portugal?
10. was he a proponent of individual liberty?
11. did he tolerate dissenters well?
12. When did Joseph 1 die?
Answer: 1. Sebastiao de Melo
2. after the earthquake,
3. became a dictator
4. no
5. The Tavora family and the Duke of Aveiro
6. they were executed
7. he prosecuted every person involved
8. Count of Oeiras
9. 9 years
10. no
11. no
12. in 1779

The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives.

Seeking to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie" (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Smith (18241901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the "Cornhill Magazine", owned by Smith, to become editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus on subjects from the UK and its present and former colonies only. An early working title was the "Biographia Britannica", the name of an earlier eighteenth-century reference work.

The first volume of the "Dictionary of National Biography" appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Stephen resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the beginning of the project, succeeded him as editor. A dedicated team of sub-editors and researchers worked under Stephen and Lee, combining a variety of talents from veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic teeth on dictionary articles at a time when postgraduate historical research in British universities was still in its infancy. While much of the dictionary was written in-house, the "DNB" also relied on external contributors, who included several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth century. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to the work. Successive volumes appeared quarterly with complete punctuality until midsummer 1900, when the series closed with volume 63. The year of publication, the editor and the range of names in each volume is given below. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. When was ODNB published?
2. How many volumes did it have?
3. When did the first volume of Directory of National Biography appear?
4. Who was Sidney Lee?
5. What position did he get when Stephen resigned?
6. When did the series close?
7. With which volume?
8. How many people had contributed to it by 1900?
9. The DNB is a reference work on what?
10. Name another such European work?
Answer: 1. 23 September 2004
2. 60
3. 1 January 1885
4. Stephen's assistant editor
5. editor
6. 1900
7. 63
8. 700
9. notable figures from British history,
10. national biographical collections

Each year, prizes are presented to adults who make great achievements in art, writing, science, and economics. So why not give awards to kids?

Harry Leibowitz asked himself that question in 1996. As an answer, he and his wife, Kay, created the World of Children organization and began handing out awards to kids and adults whose work has helped kids all over the world. The awards the World of Children presents arenicknamed(......)the " Children's Nobel Prize".

"You know, children are so important," Leibowitz, a retired business manager, told me. " We should have prizes for children if we're going to have prizes for everything else."

Talia Leman, from Iowa, was awarded a Founder's Youth Award for Leadership this year. She is only 13 years old, but she has completed a lot. In 2005, she founded " RandomKid". Since then, it has raised more than$10 million to help kids in 48 states in the U.S. and in 19 other countries.

One place helped by RandomKid was a school built in Cambodia to enable 300 kids to go to school. The organization has also helped fix a school for 200 kids in Louisiana, and provided interactive play centers that serve more than 500 kids in hospitals in Iowa. In faraway places like Africa, RandomKid has provided money to buywater pumps .

Talia never thought that the organization she founded would be as successful as it has become. She said, " My first goal was to raise $1million. That seemed really high, but when you reach a goal, you always wind up reaching higher, and we actually raised $10 million."

I asked her what advice she would offer to other young people who want to help kids in need. " Well, I'd say the first thing would be to find an adult and tell them your idea," Talia said. " They're really the people who can help, and from there I think it can just really take off." What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What organization did Talia Leman start?
2. When did she do that?
3. How old is she?
4. Is she an accomplished person?
5. Did she expect her creation to do so well?
6. What was the initial thing she wanted to accomplish?
7. What did they end up doing?
8. Are their efforts confined to domestic causes?
9. In how many foreign nations have they had campaigns?
10. What honor did she receive?
11. Who gives that out?
12. Who started that?
13. When?
14. Do the honors have an informal name?
15. Why was the group started?
16. Are all the recipients children?
17. What do the recipient have to do to be eligible?
18. What did the man who started the group do before this?
Answer:
1. "RandomKid"
2. 2005
3. 13
4. Yes
5. No
6. Raise $1,000,000
7. Raising more than $1,000,000
8. No
9. 19
10. Founder's Youth Award for Leadership
11. World of Children organization
12. Harry and Kay Leibowitz
13. 1996
14. Children's Nobel Prize
15. Should have prizes for children if we're going to have prizes for everything else.
16. No
17. Help kids.
18. business manager