Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Approximately 12% of bound blood calcium is linked to various anions including phosphate. In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), serum phosphate is highly variable. We propose that establishing a formula to calculate albumin- and phosphate-corrected total calcium would be more appropriate to estimate free calcium in ESKD patients.', 'In 82 haemodialysis patients, serum ionized calcium (Ca(ion)) and pH were measured by blood gas analyser with ion-selective electrodes at the point-of-care, while bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, magnesium and total calcium (Ca(tot)) were measured at the central laboratory. Linear regression analysis of measured variables was used to best fit adjusted calcium versus Ca(ion).', 'The most parsimonious multiple linear regression model (r(2) = 0.81) of variables associated with Ca(ion) included Ca(tot) (coeff 0.820, P < 0.0001), albumin (coeff -0.016, P < 0.0001) and phosphate (coeff -0.063, P < 0.002). Modelling of available variables yielded the following equation to adjust calcium for albumin and phosphate: Ca(albPh) = Ca(tot) + (0.015 x (40 - [albumin]) + 0.07 x (1.5 - [phosphate])). At an ambient albumin of 40 g/L, Ca(albPh) would be 0.07 mmol/L lower than Ca(tot) for every mmol/L of phosphate. In vitro data using three different albumin levels and increasing phosphate concentrations demonstrated this relationship, with the slope of the phosphate effect being stronger at lower albumin concentrations.
Answer: Because guidelines recommendations indicate that corrected serum calcium should be maintained within the normal range in ESKD patients, inclusion of phosphate to correct Ca(tot) in these patients may have clinical implications on the choice of phosphate binders and the prescription of vitamin D or calcimimetic agents.
Is serum phosphate an important determinant of corrected serum calcium in end-stage kidney disease?

Context: To increase the Zn level in shoots, AtHMA4 was ectopically expressed in tomato under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. However, the Zn concentration in the shoots of transgenic plants failed to increase at all tested Zn levels in the medium. Modification of Zn root/shoot distribution in tomato expressing 35S::AtHMA4 depended on the concentration of Zn in the medium, thus indicating involvement of unknown endogenous metal-homeostasis mechanisms. To determine these mechanisms, those metal-homeostasis genes that were expressed differently in transgenic and wild-type plants were identified by microarray and RT-qPCR analysis using laser-assisted microdissected RNA isolated from two root sectors: (epidermis+cortex and stele), and leaf sectors (upper epidermis+palisade parenchyma and lower epidermis+spongy parenchyma).', 'Zn-supply-dependent modification of Zn root/shoot distribution in AtHMA4-tomato (increase at 5M Zn, no change at 0.5M Zn) involved tissue-specific, distinct from that in the wild type, expression of tomato endogenous genes. First, it is suggested that an ethylene-dependent pathway underlies the detected changes in Zn root/shoot partitioning, as it was induced in transgenic plants in a distinct way depending on Zn exposure. Upon exposure to 5 or 0.5M Zn, in the epidermis+cortex of the transgenics' roots the expression of the Strategy I Fe-uptake system (ethylene-dependent LeIRT1 and LeFER) was respectively lower or higher than in the wild type and was accompanied by respectively lower or higher expression of the identified ethylene genes (LeNR, LeACO4, LeACO5) and of LeChln. Second, the contribution of LeNRAMP2 expression in the stele is shown to be distinct for wild-type and transgenic plants at both Zn exposures. Ethylene was also suggested as an important factor in a pathway induced in the leaves of transgenic plants by high Zn in the apoplast, which results in the initiation of loading of the excess Zn into the mesophyll of "Zn accumulating cells".
Answer: In transgenic tomato plants, the export activity of ectopically expressed AtHMA4 changes the cellular Zn status, which induces coordinated tissue-specific responses of endogenous ethylene-related genes and metal transporters. These changes constitute an important mechanism involved in the generation of the metal-related phenotype of transgenic tomato expressing AtHMA4.
Does engineering high Zn in tomato shoot through expression of AtHMA4 involves tissue-specific modification of endogenous genes?

Context: Uterine infection occurs in as much as 20% of preterm labor and results in increased decidual cytokines. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, NS-398, on myometrial prostaglandin (PG) production and COX-2 expression.', 'Human uterine myocytes were stimulated with IL-1 (0-50 ng/mL) over 24 hr. PGE2, PGF2alpha, and 6-keto F1alpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both COX-1 and COX-2 proteins and mRNA were measured by western and northern blot, respectively.', 'IL-1 increased PG production beginning at 6 hr, COX-2 protein increased beginning at 4 hr and continued to increase at 24 hr. COX-2 mRNA increased at 2 hr and peaked at 4 hr. NS-398 blocked PG production but had no effect on COX-2 protein or mRNA.
Answer: IL-1 increases PG production by myometrium by increased COX-2 expression. NS-398 completely blocks IL-1-induced PG production. With intrauterine infection, IL-1 may induce labor through the autocrine production of uterotonic PGs.
Does interleukin-1 stimulate human uterine prostaglandin production through induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression?