A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

The term "system" comes from the Latin word "systema", in turn from Greek "systema": "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition".

According to Marshall McLuhan,

"System" means "something to look at". You must have a very high visual gradient to have systematization. But in philosophy, prior to Descartes, there was no "system". Plato had no "system". Aristotle had no "system". In the 19th century the French physicist Sadi Carnot, who studied thermodynamics, pioneered the development of the concept of a "system" in the natural sciences. In 1824 he studied the system which he called the "working substance" (typically a body of water vapor) in steam engines, in regards to the system's ability to do work when heat is applied to it. The working substance could be put in contact with either a boiler, a cold reservoir (a stream of cold water), or a piston (to which the working body could do work by pushing on it). In 1850, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius generalized this picture to include the concept of the surroundings and began to use the term "working body" when referring to the system. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. What is the Latin word for system?
2. What about in Greek?
3. Who came up with the idea of a system in the natural sciences?
4. When did he do this?
5. What did he do for a living?
6. His specialty?
7. What is his nationality?
8. When was his idea generalized?
9. By who?
10. What kind of work did he do?
11. Was he French too?
12. What was he?
13. What did he refer to the system as?
Answer: 1. Tsystema
2. systema
3. Sadi Carnot
4. 19th century
5. he was a physicist
6. thermodynamics
7. French
8. 1850
9. Rudolf Clausius
10. he was a physicist
11. no
12. German
13. "working body"

Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berlin and Hamburg are frequently called Stadtstaaten (city-states), as is the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which in fact includes the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The remaining 13 states are called Flachenlander (literally: area states).

The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Wurttemberg-Baden, and Wurttemberg-Hohenzollern. West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. How many states in Germany?
2. When was the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany
3. through the unification of what?
4. What administration were they under?
5. Does Germany have a constitution?
6. why?
7. What does it emphasize?
8. What is Berlin called?
9. Anyplace else have that name?
10. how about the remaining 13 ?
11. what does that mean?
12. Is west berlin part of the federal republic?
13. What was it considered?
14. Was it intergrated?
15. What was created in the aftermath of WWII?
16. What includes the cities of Breman and Bremerhaven?
Answer: 1. 16
2. 1949
3. the western states
4. American, British, and French
5. yes
6. the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty
7. geographical conditions
8. Stadtstaaten (city-states)
9. Hamburg
10. Flachenlander
11. area states
12. no
13. de facto state
14. yes
15. Federal Republic of Germany
16. Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

Charlton Heston was born in 1923 in Evanston, Illinois. Charlton Heston discovered his interest in acting while performing in plays at his high school. He later spent two years studying theater at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. But he left college to join the Army Air Forces during World War Two.

After the war, he found small roles in the theater as well as in television shows. His performance in a television version of the book Jane Eyre caught the attention of the Hollywood producer Cecil B. DeMille who later asked Heston to play the role of Moses in his movie The Ten Commandments which came out in 1956. This role made Heston famous and defined his career as a hero and leader. His face and body represented strength and heroism in many different roles. He played cowboys, soldiers and athletes.

The 1959 movie Ben Hur made Charlton Heston an even bigger star. Ben Hur won eleven Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Charlton Heston. Heston starred in many adventure movies during the 1960s. In the 1970s, Heston appeared in popular disaster movies like Earthquake,. Skyjacked and Airport 1975.

Charlton Heston was also very active in the movie industry. He worked to help set up the American Film Institute. In 1977 he was honored for his service in the industry. He received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1997 he was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor. And, in 2003, President Bush gave Charlton Heston a Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

In 2000, Charlton Heston issued a statement announcing that he had an Alzheimer's disease. He died in 2008 at his home in Beverly Hills, California. What are the answers to this following set of questions: 1. When was Ben Hur released?
2. Who stared in it?
3. When was he born?
4. Where was be born?
5. Did he win anything in the 50's?
6. For what film?
7. How many awards did it win?
8. Was this his last film?
9. What is another film he was in?
10. What is anotheron?
11. What is a film of his from the 70's?
12. Did he receive any awards in the 70's?
13. What did he receive?
14. What year did he get that?
15. Were there others?
16. In what year?
17. Where there any others?
18. What otheres?
19. In what year?
20. IS he still alive?
Answer:
1. 1959
2. charlton heston
3. 923
4. Evanston, Illinois.
5. yes
6. Ben Hur
7. 11 Academy Awards
8. unknown
9. The Ten Commandmentsts
10. Earthquake
11. Skyjacked
12. yes
13. Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
14. 1977
15. a Kennedy Center Honor
16. 1997
17. yes
18. a Presidential Medal of Freedom
19. 2003
20. no