Problem:OPTIONS:
- minimilizations
- gene modification
- subtractions
- duplications (or amplifications )

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Duplications (or amplifications ) lead to multiple copies of a chromosomal region, increasing the number of the genes located within that region. Some genes may be duplicated in their entirety. Q: What leads to multiple copies of a chromosomal region? A:
****
A: duplications (or amplifications )

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like hagfish, lampreys also lack scales, but they have fins and a partial backbone. The most striking feature of lampreys is a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth (see Figure below ). Lampreys use their sucker to feed on the blood of other fish species. Q: Lampreys possess a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth and is used to feed on what? A:
OPTIONS:
- parasites
- herbivores
- marrow
- blood
blood

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 38.4 The skeletons of humans and horses are examples of endoskeletons. (credit: Ross Murphy). Q: The skeletons of humans and horses are examples of what? A:
OPTIONS:
- pliant skeletons
- exoskeletons
- hydroskeleton
- endoskeletons

Answer: endoskeletons

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage. There are two types of cartilaginous joints: synchondroses and symphyses. In a synchondrosis, the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. Synchondroses are found in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children. In symphyses, hyaline cartilage covers the end of the bone but the connection between bones occurs through fibrocartilage. Symphyses are found at the joints between vertebrae. Either type of cartilaginous joint allows for very little movement. Synovial Joints Synovial joints are the only joints that have a space between the adjoining bones (Figure 38.25). This space is referred to as the synovial (or joint) cavity and is filled with synovial fluid. Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction between the bones and allowing for greater movement. The ends of the bones are covered with articular cartilage, a hyaline cartilage,. Q: What term is used to describe joints in which the bones are connected by cartilage? A:
OPTIONS:
- capillaries joints
- blob joints
- spinal joins
- cartilaginous joints
Answer: cartilaginous joints

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary 16.1 Spontaneity Chemical and physical processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under certain conditions. A spontaneous process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while a nonspontaneous process requires such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous process may or may not experience a gain or loss of energy, but they will experience a change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system. 16.2 Entropy Entropy (S) is a state function that can be related to the number of microstates for a system (the number of ways the system can be arranged) and to the ratio of reversible heat to kelvin temperature. It may be interpreted as a measure of the dispersal or distribution of matter and/or energy in a system, and it is often described as representing the "disorder" of the system. For a given substance, Ssolid < Sliquid < Sgas in a given physical state at a given temperature, entropy is typically greater for heavier atoms or more complex molecules. Entropy increases when a system is heated and when solutions form. Using these guidelines, the sign of entropy changes for some chemical reactions may be reliably predicted. 16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, Suniv > 0. If Suniv < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if Suniv = 0, the system is at equilibrium. The third law of thermodynamics establishes the zero for entropy as that of a perfect, pure crystalline solid at 0 K. With only one possible microstate, the entropy is zero. We may compute the standard entropy change for a process by using standard entropy values for the reactants and products involved in the process. 16.4 Free Energy Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function defined with regard to system quantities only and may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process. A negative value for G indicates a spontaneous process; a positive G indicates a... Q: What kind of process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source? A:
OPTIONS:
- Decay Process
- Different Process
- induced process
- spontaneous process
output: spontaneous process

Problem: OPTIONS:
- cutworms
- leeches
- hookworms
- pinworms
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Tiny pinworms are the most common roundworm parasites of people in the U. S. In some areas, as many as one out of three children are infected. Humans become infected when they ingest the nearly microscopic pinworm eggs. The eggs hatch and develop into adults in the host's digestive tract. Adults lay eggs that pass out of the host's body to continue the cycle. Pinworms have a fairly simple life cycle with only one host. Q: What are the most common roundworm parasites of people in the u. s.? A:
Answer:
pinworms