In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).

Q: Context: Hummingbirds are birds from the Americas that constitute the family Trochilidae. They are among the smallest of birds, most species measuring . Indeed, the smallest extant bird species is a hummingbird, the 5-cm bee hummingbird weighing less than a U.S. penny (2.5 g)., The heart is a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. The heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.
In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the "right heart" and their left counterparts as the "left heart". Fish in contrast have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulationwhere the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide. The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute. Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths. Of these more than three quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others. Cardiovascular diseases frequently have no symptoms or may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, and ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment., Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria that first appeared during the Triassic. Although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research, the current scientific consensus places their origin between 231 and 243 million years ago. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the TriassicJurassic extinction event 201 million years ago. Their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods and ended when the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups 66 million years ago., Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Charles de Brosses coined the term (as French "Australasie") in "Histoire des navigations aux terres australes" (1756). He derived it from the Latin for "south of Asia" and differentiated the area from Polynesia (to the east) and the southeast Pacific (Magellanica). The bulk of Australasia sits on the Indo-Australian Plate, together with India., Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds., The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three partsthe outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles. The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localisation., The Australian magpie ("Cracticus tibicen") is a medium-sized black and white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea. Although once considered to be three separate species, it is now considered to be one, with nine recognised subspecies. A member of the Artamidae, the Australian magpie is classified in the butcherbird genus "Cracticus" and is most closely related to the black butcherbird ("C. quoyi"). It is not, however, related to the European magpie, which is a corvid. The adult Australian magpie is a fairly robust bird ranging from in length, with distinctive black and white plumage, gold brown eyes and a solid wedge-shaped bluish-white and black bill. The male and female are similar in appearance, and can be distinguished by differences in back markings.The male has pure white feathers on the back of the head and the female has white blending to gray feathers on the back of the head. With its long legs, the Australian magpie walks rather than waddles or hops and spends much time on the ground., The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young. The terms "beak" and "rostrum" are also used to refer to a similar mouth part in some dicynodonts, Ornithischians, cephalopods, cetaceans, billfishes, pufferfishes, turtles, Anuran tadpoles and sirens., The black - backed butcherbird ( Cracticus mentalis ) is a species of bird in the family Artamidae . It is found in Papua New Guinea , Indonesia , and northern Queensland in Australia ., Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish. , An endotherm (from Greek "endon" "within" and "therm" "heat") is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat set free by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat. Such internally generated heat is mainly an incidental product of the animal's routine metabolism, but under conditions of excessive cold or low activity an endotherm might apply special mechanisms adapted specifically to heat production. Examples include special-function muscular exertion such as shivering, and uncoupled oxidative metabolism such as within brown adipose tissue.
Only birds and mammals are extant universally endothermic groups of animals. Certain lamnid sharks, tuna and billfishes are also endothermic., A songbird is a bird belonging to the clade Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin "oscen", "a songbird". This group contains some 4,000 species found all over the world, in which the vocal organ typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate bird song., Currawongs are three species of medium-sized passerine birds belonging to the genus "Strepera" in the family Artamidae native to Australasia. These are the grey currawong ("Strepera versicolor"), pied currawong ("S. graculina"), and black currawong ("S. fuliginosa"). The common name comes from the call of the familiar pied currawong of eastern Australia and is onomatopoeic. They were formerly known as crow-shrikes or bell-magpies. Despite their resemblance to crows and ravens, they are only distantly related to the corvidae, instead belonging to an Afro-Asian radiation of birds of superfamily Malaconotoidea., A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. A notable feature of passerines compared to other orders of Aves is the arrangement of their toes, three pointing forward and one back, which facilitates perching. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders, with over 5,000 identified species. It has roughly twice as many species as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia. It contains more than 110 families, the second-most of any order of tetrapods (after Squamata, the scaled reptiles).
The passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas, cuckoo-finches, and the cowbirds. Most passerines are omnivorous, while the shrikes are carnivorous., The ostrich or common ostrich ("Struthio camelus") is either one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member(s) of the genus "Struthio", which is in the ratite family. In 2014, the Somali ostrich ("Struthio molybdophanes") was recognized as a distinct species., Peltops is a genus of bird in the family Artamidae. The genus contains two species endemic to the island of New Guinea. The genus was once placed with the monarch flycatchers, but molecular and morphometric studies place it closer to the butcherbirds, possibly as a sister taxon to this group. The genus is named for the Greek "pelte" meaning small shield and "ops" meaning face. The species have also had the common name of shieldbill., The Cracticinae, bellmagpies and allies, gathers together 12 species of mostly crow-like birds native to Australasia and nearby areas., Butcherbirds are magpie-like birds in the genus "Cracticus." They are native to Australasia. The Australian magpie has recently been placed in the same genus, and this new taxonomy has been supported by recent phylogenetic analyses. Together with three species of currawong and two species of peltops, butcherbirds and the Australian magpie form the subfamily Cracticinae in the family Artamidae., The superclass Tetrapoda (Ancient Greek s tetrapods, "four-footed"), or the tetrapods , comprises the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants, including the living and extinct amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and some ancient, exclusively aquatic creatures such as the Acanthostega. Tetrapods evolved from the lobe-finned fishes around 390 million years ago in the middle Devonian Period, with modern tetrapod groups having appeared by the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago. The specific aquatic ancestors of the tetrapods, and the process by which land colonization occurred, remain unclear, and are areas of active research and debate among palaeontologists at present., Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They are considered the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates, and indeed a premier example of a complex evolutionary novelty. They are among the characteristics that distinguish the extant birds from other living groups., New Guinea (or, historically, "") is a large Island in the South West Pacific region., The bee hummingbird, zunzuncito or Helena hummingbird ("Mellisuga helenae") is a species of hummingbird., Subject: black-backed butcherbird, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) 12 (B) animal (C) bee (D) bell (E) bill (F) bird (G) cause (H) chest (I) class (J) complex (K) event (L) extinct (M) extinction (N) family (O) fish (P) fluid (Q) food (R) four (S) genus (T) group (U) health (V) hearing (W) history (X) humans (Y) india (Z) island ([) killing (\) may (]) medicine (^) member (_) nine (') ocean (a) organ (b) organism (c) period (d) plate (e) process (f) production (g) range (h) rank (i) region (j) research (k) result (l) shield (m) side (n) size (o) skeleton (p) song (q) species (r) system (s) taxon (t) taxonomy (u) temperature (v) three (w) two

A: taxon
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Q: Context: Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), known by her stage name Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, pianist and actress. Keys released her debut album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records. Keys' debut album, "Songs in A Minor" was released in 2001, producing her first "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one single "Fallin'", and selling over 12 million copies worldwide. The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her sophomore album, "The Diary of Alicia Keys", was released in 2003, spawning successful singles "You Don't Know My Name", "If I Ain't Got You" and "Diary", and selling eight million copies worldwide. The duet song "My Boo" with Usher, scored her a second number-one single in 2004. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005. Later that year, she released her first live album, "Unplugged", becoming the first woman to have an "MTV Unplugged" album debut at number one., Miami bass (booty music or booty bass) is a subgenre of hip hop music that became popular in the 1980s and 1990s. Its roots are directly linked to the electro-funk sound of the early 1980s., "Around the Way Girl" is a hit single by LL Cool J from his 1990 album "Mama Said Knock You Out"., The Universal Zulu Nation is an international hip hop awareness group formed and formerly headed by hip hop artist Afrika Bambaataa., Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Think". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade., Joseph Saddler (born January 1, 1958), better known as Grandmaster Flash, is a Bajan-American hip hop recording artist and DJ. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007, becoming the first hip hop act to be honored., In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15, 1990, to May 19, 1994. Brothers Keenen and Damon Wayans created, wrote and starred in the program. The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Fox Television Center on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California. The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented "in living color" during the 1960s, prior to mainstream color television. It also refers to the fact that most of the show's cast were black, unlike other sketch comedy shows such as "Saturday Night Live" whose casts were mostly white. It was controversial due to the Wayans' decision to portray African-American humor from the ghetto in a time when mainstream American tastes regarding black comedy had been set by more upscale shows such as "The Cosby Show", causing an eventual feud for control between Fox executives and the Wayans., Afrika Bambaataa (born April 17, 1957) is an American disc jockey from the South Bronx, New York. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing and is respectfully known as "The Godfather" and "Amen Ra of Hip Hop Kulture", as well as the father of electro funk. Through his co-opting of the street gang the Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world., "If You Had My Love" is the debut single by American singer Jennifer Lopez. The song was released on May 4, 1999 as the lead single from her debut studio album "On the 6" (1999). It was written by LaShawn Daniels, Cory Rooney, and Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, with Jerkins also serving as producer. Lopez recorded the song towards the end of working on the album; Michael Jackson showed interest in recording it, but felt that it was better suited for a female singer. Some controversy surrounded the song's composition when it emerged that Jerkins had composed a similar song for singer Chante Moore. "If You Had My Love" is a mid-tempo pop and R&B song that also features Latin and hip hop influences. Its lyrics revolve around the beginning of a new relationship, where Lopez confronts her admirer with a number of ground rules., Selena Quintanilla-Perez (or ; April 16, 1971 March 31, 1995) was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, actress, and fashion designer. Called the Queen of Tejano music, her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century. "Billboard" magazine named her the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and the "best selling Latin artist of the decade". Media outlets called her the "Tejano Madonna" for her clothing choices. She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all-time and is credited for catapulting a music genre into the mainstream market., Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July 24, 1969), also known as JLo, is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, author, and producer. Lopez gained her first high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on "In Living Color" in 1991, where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993. She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997, a portrayal that earned her a Golden Globe nomination. For her role in "Out of Sight" the following year, Lopez became the first Latina actress to earn over for a film. She ventured into the music industry in 1999 with her debut studio album "On the 6", preceded by the number-one single "If You Had My Love"., Breakbeat as a term refers to one of two distinct things. Originally it would have referred only to "A breakbeat" (1), a section of a song in which, typically, all or at least most of the instruments stop for a period, usually around one bar, except for the drums, which would continue the melody even if altered. Since the rise of electronic music it can now also refer to the electronic music genre "Breakbeat" (2), characterized as a genre of groove-oriented music which utilizes a lo-fi sampled breakbeat (or combination of breakbeats) for the main drum beat, and usually incorporates other lo-fi sampled "hits" as well., Christopher Brian "Chris" Bridges (born September 11, 1977), better known by his stage name Ludacris, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. Alongside his manager, Chaka Zulu, Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace, an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings. Throughout his career, Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild, Critic's Choice, MTV, and Grammy Awards. Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and Andre 3000 of OutKast, Ludacris was one of the first and most influential "Dirty South" rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s., '' Control Myself '' is a song by American rapper LL Cool J from his twelfth album , Todd Smith ( 2006 ) . It was produced by Jermaine Dupri and features fellow American singer Jennifer Lopez ( the song also has spoken parts by Dupri , but he is not credited ) . The track contains a sample of Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force 's 1982 song '' Looking for the Perfect Beat '' , while the vocals interpolate Grandmaster Flash & Melle Mel 's 1983 song '' White Lines ( Do n't Do n't Do It ) '' and Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force 's 1982 song '' Planet Rock '' . It was released as the album 's lead single in February 2006 and remained on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks , peaking at number eighty - nine . After being released as a digital download in April 2006 , the song debuted at number two on the Billboard Hot Digital Songs chart and made a strong Hot 100 re-entry at number four . This broke a record previously held by Jay - Z 's 1998 song '' Hard Knock Life ( Ghetto Anthem ) '' , which had re-entered the chart in March 1999 at number twenty . The song also peaked at number two in the United Kingdom , where Smith and Lopez 's previous collaboration , '' All I Have '' , had achieved the same feat in March 2003 ., "Looking for the Perfect Beat" is an electro and old school hip hop song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force. It was the second single from their album "". Released in January 1983, it served as the followup to the group's highly influential song "Planet Rock"., James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), known professionally as LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author, and entrepreneur from Queens, New York. He is known for such hip hop hits as "I Can't Live Without My Radio", "I'm Bad", "The Boomin' System", "Rock The Bells" and "Mama Said Knock You Out", as well as romantic ballads such as "Doin' It", "I Need Love", "Around the Way Girl" and "Hey Lover"., Soulsonic Force (also referred to as Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force) was an American electro-funk and hip hop ensemble led by Afrika Bambaataa who helped establish hip-hop in the early 1980s with songs such as "Planet Rock". They were also influential in the birth of the electro movement in America and helped pave the way for modern dance music styles such as electro-funk as well as the entire Miami bass scene., "I'm Bad" (sometimes spelled I'm BAD) is the first single from LL Cool J's second album, "Bigger and Deffer". It was released in 1987 for Def Jam Recordings and was produced by the production group, The L.A. Posse and LL Cool J himself, with Russell Simmons executive producing the single. I'm Bad made it onto several "Billboard" charts. It was L L's Hot 100 debut, reaching #84. It also hit #4 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #2 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, #34 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play and #8 on the UK Singles Chart. This single was followed by "I Need Love" and "Go Cut Creator Go"., The Black Spades were a mostly African American street gang started in the Bronx during the late 1960s gaining popularity in the 1970s. The gang began to spread from the Bronx to Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, Staten Island, New Rochelle, New Jersey and Connecticut by the late 1980s. During this period Hispanic and white members were more common., "I Can't Live Without My Radio" is the lead single from LL Cool J's debut album, "Radio". It was released in 1985 for Def Jam Recordings and was both written and produced by LL Cool J and Rick Rubin. It is a love song to the boombox. The song found modest success, making it to #15 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. "I Can't Live Without My Radio" was released with the follow-up single "I Can Give You More"., Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972), known as Jermaine Dupri or JD, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, songwriter and rapper. He was born in Asheville, NC and was raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He has worked with and produced Mariah Carey, Usher, Jay-Z, Nelly, Monica, Da Brat, Xscape, Janet Jackson, TLC, Aretha Franklin, Ludacris, Alicia Keys, Bow Wow, Miss Mulatto, and most recently The Rap Game season 2 winner, Mani., "The Boomin' System" is the first single released from LL Cool J's fourth album, "Mama Said Knock You Out". It was released on August 2, 1990, for Def Jam Recordings, produced by Marley Marl and co-produced by LL Cool J. "The Boomin' System" was the first of the six singles released from the album and reached No. 48 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. The song also contains a guitar sample from "The Payback" by James Brown., Hip hop is a subcultural art movement that was formed during the early 1970s primarily by African-American and Afro Puerto Rican youths residing in the South Bronx in New York City. Art historian Robert Farris Thompson describes the demographics of the youth that characterize the South Bronx in the early 1970s as "English-speaking blacks from Barbados" like Grandmaster Flash, "black Jamaicans" like DJ Kool Herc, "thousands of Nuyoricans", who introduced the rhythms from Salsa (music), as well as Afro conga and bonga drums, as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colon with existing styles of musical styles from jazz to funk associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s. Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s. After the rise of new media platforms and Web 2.0 technology of the Internet, fans would primarily consume the musical genre through social networking sites (SNS) beginning with Myspace evolving to notable mobile apps like YouTube, Worldstarhiphop, SoundCloud, and Spotify., Shawntae Harris (born April 14, 1974), better known by her stage name Da Brat, is an American rapper and actress from Joliet, Illinois. Beginning her career in 1991, Harris debut album "Funkdafied" (1994) sold one million copies, making her the first female solo rap act to receive a platinum certification, and the second overall female rap act (solo or group) after Salt N Pepa. She has received two Grammy Award nominations., "Hey Lover" is the Grammy Award winning first single released from LL Cool J's sixth album, "Mr. Smith", featuring Boyz II Men. It was released on October 31, 1995 for Def Jam Recordings and was produced by The Trackmasters and LL Cool J. Johnny Kenaya was involved in the project. He had the title changed from Hey Brother to Hey Lover. Hey Lover would prove to be the most successful single from the album, making it to number three on both the "Billboard" Hot 100 and Hot R&B Singles charts. It sold 900,000 copies domestically and was certified platinum by the RIAA. It also reached number 17 on the UK Singles Chart. The song sampled Michael Jackson's "The Lady in My Life" from his 1982 hit album "Thriller", thus Rod Temperton, the writer of that song, was given credit as a writer of this song. On the B-side was the "I Shot Ya" remix., On the 6 is the debut studio album by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was released on June 1, 1999, by the Work Group. Beginning her career in musical theater, Lopez re-entered the music scene with her portrayal of the title role in "Selena" (1997). The role inspired her to launch a career in music; critics deemed it risky, noting that failure would be embarrassing and could damage her career. Lopez worked with several producers on the album, including Rodney Jerkins, Cory Rooney, Dan Shea and her boyfriend at the time, rapper and record producer Sean "Puffy" Combs., Mama Said Knock You Out is the fourth studio album by American rapper LL Cool J. It was produced mostly by Marley Marl and recorded at his "House of Hits" home studio in Chestnut Ridge and at Chung King House of Metal in New York City. After the disappointing reception of LL Cool's 1989 album "Walking with a Panther", "Mama Said Knock You Out" was released by Def Jam Recordings in 1990 to commercial and critical success., The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Atlantic Records founder and chairman Ahmet Ertegun to recognize and archive the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fame's permanent home. Since opening in September 1995, the "Rock Hall" part of the city's redeveloped North Coast Harbor has hosted more than 10 million visitors and had a cumulative economic impact estimated at more than $1.8 billion., Cornell Iral Haynes, Jr. (born November 2, 1974), known professionally as Nelly, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, investor, and occasional actor from St. Louis, Missouri. Nelly embarked on his music career with Midwest hip hop group St. Lunatics, in 1993 and signed to Universal Records in 1999. Under Universal, Nelly began his solo career in the year 2000, with his debut album "Country Grammar", of which the title-track was a top ten hit. The album debuted at number three on the "Billboard" 200 and went on to peak at number one. "Country Grammar" is Nelly's best-selling album to date, selling over 8.4 million copies in the United States. His following album "Nellyville", produced the number-one hits "Hot in Herre" and "Dilemma" (featuring Kelly Rowland). Other singles included "Work It" (featuring Justin Timberlake), "Air Force Ones" (featuring Murphy Lee and St. Lunatics), "Pimp Juice" and "#1"., "I Need Love" is the second single from LL Cool J's second album, "Bigger and Deffer". It reached #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #14 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 while becoming one of the first rap songs to enjoy mainstream popularity in the UK, reaching #8 in the UK Singles Chart. The single won a Soul Train Music Award for Best Rap Single in 1987. The song ranked #13 on About.com's Top 100 Rap Songs. Number 60 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop. The drums were played with a Roland TR-808 and the keyboard tone was played with a Yamaha DX7 using the Fulltines patch., A disc jockey (abbreviated DJ, D.J. or deejay) is a person who mixes recorded music as it is playing. Originally, the "disc" in "disc jockey" referred to gramophone records, but now "DJ" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any sources, including cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files on a CDJ or laptop. DJs typically perform for a live or broadcast audience, but DJs also create mixes that are recorded for later sale and distribution., Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. In 1990, she rose to fame with the release of "Vision of Love" from her eponymous debut album. The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act. Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 19951996 with "One Sweet Day", which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history. Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of "Butterfly" (1997). In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000., Subject: control myself, Relation: record_label, Options: (A) 1995 (B) 20th century fox (C) album (D) atlantic records (E) columbia records (F) def jam recordings (G) digital (H) disturbing tha peace (I) english (J) funk (K) island (L) latin (M) melody (N) perfect (O) pop (P) record (Q) sony (R) spotify (S) studio album (T) uk singles chart (U) universal (V) vh1 (W) work group

A: def jam recordings
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Q: Context: The Gaubodenvolksfest in Straubing is one of the largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair) in Bavaria)., A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. It is normally of the essence of a fair that it is temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks., The Gauboden (also referred to in German as the Dungau) is a region in Lower Bavaria in southern Germany without any clear geographic or cultural boundaries, that covers an area about 15 kilometres wide south of the River Danube and the Bavarian Forest, beginning opposite Worth an der Donau and stretching as far as Kunzing. The largest town in the region is Straubing, which is often called the centre of the Gauboden. The Gauboden is one of the largest loess regions in southern Germany., Straubing is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. It is seat of the district of Straubing-Bogen. Annually in August the Gaubodenvolksfest, the second largest fair in Bavaria, is held., Straubing-Bogen is a "Kreis" (district) in the eastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Cham, Regen, Deggendorf, Dingolfing-Landau, Landshut and Regensburg. The independent town of Straubing is surrounded by the district. The seat of the government of the district (Landratsamt) is located in Straubing., Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8million people., The Danube (, known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second-longest river, after the Volga River, and also the longest river in the European Union region. It is located in Central and Eastern Europe., Passau is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflussestadt or "City of Three Rivers," because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north., Bavaria is a federal state of Germany. Located in the German southeast with an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany, and, with 12.9 million inhabitants, it is Germany's second most populous state. Munich, Bavaria's capital and largest city, is the third largest city in Germany., Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Dusseldorf., Lower Bavaria is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state., The Ilz is a river running through the Bavarian Forest, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Danube and 65km in length, during which it travels down a height difference of ~780m., Landshut ( Bavarian : Landsad ) is a town in Bavaria in the south - east of Germany , belonging to both Eastern and Southern Bavaria . Situated on the banks of the River Isar , Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria , one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria . It is also the seat of the surrounding district , and with a population of more than 60,000 . Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria , followed by Passau and Straubing , and Eastern Bavaria 's second biggest city . Owing to its characteristic coat of arms , the town is also often called '' Three Helmets City '' ( German : Dreihelmenstadt ) . Furthermore , the town is popularly known for the Landshuter Hochzeit ( Landshut Wedding ) , a full - tilt medieval festival . Due to its proximity and easy access to Munich and the Franz Josef Strauss International Airport , Landshut became a powerful and future - oriented investment area . The town is one of the richest industrialized towns in Bavaria and has East Bavaria 's lowest unemployment rate ( ca . 1.1 % in October 2013 ) , which represents full employment ., Subject: landshut, Relation: part_of, Options: (A) 16 (B) bavaria (C) british english (D) city (E) eastern europe (F) english (G) europe (H) european union (I) fair (J) forest (K) frankfurt (L) german (M) government (N) metropolis (O) munich (P) munich metropolitan region (Q) part (R) population (S) river (T) state (U) volga

A:
munich metropolitan region
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