Definition: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Input: To increase the supply, many countries harvest allograft valves from explanted hearts of transplant recipients with ischaemic (ICM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study determines the structural integrity of valves from cardiomyopathic hearts.', 'Extracellular matrix (ECM) was examined in human valves obtained from normal, ICM, and DCM hearts. To confirm if ECM changes were directly related to the cardiomyopathy, we developed a porcine model of chronic ICM. Histology and immunohistostaining, as well as non-invasive multiphoton and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging revealed marked disruption of ECM structures in human valves from ICM and DCM hearts. The ECM was unaffected in valves from normal and acute ICM pigs, whereas chronic ICM specimens showed ECM alterations similar to those seen in ICM and DCM patients. Proteins and proteinases implicated in ECM remodelling, including Tenascin C, TGFbeta1, Cathepsin B, MMP2, were upregulated in human ICM and DCM, and porcine chronic ICM specimens.
Output:
Is cardiomyopathy associated with structural remodelling of heart valve extracellular matrix?