Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 15.2 All animals that derive energy from food are heterotrophs. The (a) black bear is an omnivore, eating both plants and animals. The (b) heartworm Dirofilaria immitis is a parasite that derives energy from its hosts. It spends its larval stage in mosquitos and its adult stage infesting the hearts of dogs and other mammals, as shown here. (credit a: modification of work by USDA Forest Service; credit b: modification of work by Clyde Robinson). Q: All animals that derive energy from food are classified as what? Choices: - lifeforms - paleotrophs - heliotrophs - heterotrophs A:
heterotrophs
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants maintain the atmosphere. They produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms. It also maintains the ozone layer that helps protect Earth's life from damaging UV radiation. Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere reduces the greenhouse effect and global warming. Q: The ozone layer protects the earth from what? Choices: - pollution - light waves - radio waves - uv radiation A:
uv radiation
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables. A variable is a factor that can take on different values. For example, the speed of an object down a ramp might be one variable, and the steepness of the ramp might be another. Q: In a controlled scientific study, what do you call a factor that can take on different values? Choices: - output - input - vector - variable A:
A: variable
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sedimentary rocks are formed in horizontal layers. This is magnificently displayed around the southwestern United States. The arid climate allows rock layers to be well exposed ( Figure below ). The lowest layers are the oldest and the higher layers are younger. Q: Sedimentary rocks form in what kind of layers? Choices: - stacked - magnetic - vertical - horizontal A:
Answer: horizontal
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Membrane boundaries and capturing energy In which we consider how the aqueous nature of biological systems drives the formation of lipidbased barrier membranes and how such membranes are used to capture and store energy from the environment and chemical reactions. We consider how coupled reactions are used to drive macromolecular synthesis and growth. Defining the cell's boundary A necessary step in the origin of life was the generation of a discrete barrier, a boundary layer, that serves to separate the living non-equilibrium reaction system from the rest of the universe. This boundary layer, the structural ancestor of the plasma membrane of modern cells, serves to maintain the integrity of the living system and mediates the movement of materials and energy into and out of the cell. Based on our current observations, the plasma membrane of all modern cells appears to be a homologous structure derived from a precursor present in the last common ancestor of life. So what is the structure of this barrier (plasma) membrane? How is it built and how does it work? When a new cell is formed its plasma membrane is derived from the plasma membrane of the progenitor cell. As the cell grows, new molecules must be added into the membrane to enable it to increase its surface area. Biological membranes are composed of two general classes of molecules, proteins (which we will discuss in much greater detail in the next section of the course) and lipids. It is worth noting explicitly here that, unlike a number of other types of molecules we will be considering, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, lipids are not a structurally coherent group, that is they do not have one particular basic structure. Structurally diverse molecules, such as cholesterol and phospholipids, are both considered lipids. While there is a relatively small set of common lipid types, there are many different lipids found in biological systems and the characterization of their structure and function(s) has led to a new area of... Q: All lipids have two distinct domains, a hydrophobic and a what? Choices: - hydroceptive - covalent - hydroaversive - hydrophilic A:
**Answer**
hydrophilic
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause food poisoning. Q: Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause what illness? Choices: - natural poisoning - bacterial poisoning - bacterial spoilage - food poisoning A:
**Answer**
food poisoning