In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Sink strainers are always made of metal, but most modern homes have white PVC drain pipes. You'll find either a PVC or metal coupling nut connecting these two components beneath your sink. Loosen this nut to separate them. You should be able to loosen a PVC nut by hand, turning it counterclockwise. Wrap a towel around the nut to help you get a better grip on it. A metal nut may also require the use of a pipe wrench or large adjustable wrench. If you wish, you may also be able to disconnect the drain pipe at the top of the trap (the U-shaped bend) in order to give yourself more room to work with. If the strainer is spinning counterclockwise along with the nut as you loosen it, you'll need to hold it still from above. Insert a pair of needle-nose pliers or a sink drain wrench down into the sink and pinch the strainer grate (not the removable strainer basket) to immobilize the entire strainer. You may be able to hold the pliers with one hand and loosen the nut with the other, or you may need to recruit a helper. This would be a good helper job for an older kid or teen. If you have trouble squeezing the pliers, you can also insert the handles of the pliers into the openings of the strainer grate, then stick a screwdriver between the handles and hold it steady to immobilize the sink strainer. Locknut sink strainers have a large locking nut that feeds onto threads on the outside of the strainer itself. This in turn presses a washer and gasket against the underside of the sink. Most modern sinks have locknut sink strainers. There are also locknut strainers with screw attachments, in which 3 or 4 screws are used to help hold the locknut tight against the underside of the sink. Bell washer sink strainers have an outer bell-shaped "shell" that fits over the entire strainer. This bell housing is pressed against the underside of the sink by a nut located at the bottom of the strainer (just above the nut that connects to the drain pipe below).
Summary: Loosen the coupling nut that connects the strainer to the drain pipe. Stabilize a spinning strainer in order to remove a stubborn nut. Determine the type of sink strainer you have.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: If you have to fill out your application for a marriage license in person, it's typically better to make an appointment than to simply show up at the office. Some clerks may request that you book up to a month in advance, while others simply ask that you arrive on a weekday before 4 p.m. Check the website or call the issuing office to find out whether you need an appointment to fill out an application for a marriage license. Go through your checklist and make sure both you and your partner have all the documents required to issue your license, in addition to any documents you'll need to complete the application itself. If certified copies of legal documents are required, keep in mind that a copy you have in your possession may not be sufficient. If you have any doubts, take the document you have to the office before you apply for a marriage license and ask if it is okay. Once you and your partner have completed the license form, you both must sign it. Some states require that you be put under oath to verify the truth and accuracy of the information you've provided before you sign. You must pay an application fee to get your marriage license, which may be anywhere from $25 to $150 depending on the county that's issuing the license. These fees vary greatly among states and even among counties within states, so it may pay to shop around if you're not picky about where you get married. Make sure you determine the accepted methods of payment in advance. Many clerks don't accept credit cards, and some will take cash only. Once the clerk approves your license, they'll give you between one and three copies of it so that you can have your ceremony and have it signed by the officiant. Hold on to your copies and keep them in a safe place, because your marriage will not be legal if the license is not returned to the clerk with the appropriate signatures and information.
Summary: Make an appointment at the appropriate clerk's office. Bring the required documents to your appointment. Sign your application. Pay the application fee. Get copies of your license.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Whip grafting can only be used to join rootstock and scions that are the same diameter, ideally between 1/4 and 1/2 inch in diameter. The graft must be made after the threat of cold but before the bark of the stock begins slipping (peels off easily). The scion must be dormant (not sprouting) at this time, and should be a twig about a foot long containing three to five buds. Remove the terminal end of the scion. At the base of the scion, make a sloping cut to remove that end. Make a sloping cut across the chosen branch that mirrors the one you made on the scion. They should fit together precisely. Make matching slices down into both the rootstock and the scion in such a way that they can hook into each other. Place the scion slightly offset from the rootstock and slide it down so that the tongues overlap. Make sure that the layer of green wood beneath the bark of both parties aligns or the graft will not take. Wrap a stretchy rubber material around the graft site to hold the scion in place. Grafting tape works well. If using a different material, be sure to remove it in about a month. Once the graft is planted, keep an eye out for new growth below the graft, as you may need to remove it. At first, you can leave some leaves on the rootstock so that nutrients keep flowing up the tree until the graft is successful. However, if you see an actual young branch/shoot forming on the trunk of the rootstock, remove it; this will help encourage the scion to grow. Once the scion really starts to grow and a few new leaves appear above the graft (5 or so healthy leaves), remove any further growths from the rootstock, below the graft. This removal will help the plant thrive with growth on the scion, rather than the rootstock, and has to be done as long as the tree is alive. Otherwise, the rootstock will try to make its own branches; you'll need to remove them whenever they grow.
Summary:
Choose your cultivar and your rootstock. Prepare the scion. Prepare the rootstock. Cut tongues. Introduce the scion. Secure the scion. Look after the graft.