input: In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a fewtypically only one or twomonophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic "with respect to" the excluded subgroups. The arrangement of the members of a paraphyletic group is called a paraphyly. The term is commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in linguistics.

The term was coined to apply to well-known taxa like reptiles (Reptilia) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancestorincluding all extant reptiles as well as the extinct synapsidsexcept for mammals and birds. Other commonly recognized paraphyletic groups include fish, monkeys and lizards.

If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. A paraphyletic group cannot be a clade, which is a monophyletic group.

Groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor are said to be "monophyletic". A paraphyletic group is a monophyletic group from which one or more subsidiary clades (monophyletic groups) are excluded to form a separate group. Ereshefsky has argued that paraphyletic taxa are the result of anagenesis in the excluded group or groups. For example, dinosaurs are paraphyletic with respect to birds because birds possess many features that dinosaurs lack and occupy a distinctive niche. 1. what is it said to be if many subgroups are missing?
2. what group cannot be a clade?
3. what is monophyletic?
4. what are groups that include all descendants of a common ancestor?
5. is a paraphyletic group monophyletic?
6. what are dinosaurs?
7. what was the term coined to apply to?
8. like?
9. what contains the last common ancestor of reptiles?
10. does it also include all it's descendants?
11. are mammals and birds included?
12. are there other commonly recognized groups?
13. how many?
14. please name one
15. and what else?
16. what would the last be?
17. shat is a subfield of biology mentioned in the article?
18. and what term is used in phylogenetics?
19. what is that?
20. who argues that paraphyletic taxa are the result of anagenesis? Return numbered answers in your output.

output: 1. polyparaphyletic
2. A paraphyletic group
3. a clade
4. "monophyletic".
5. yes
6. For example, dinosaurs are paraphyletic with respect to birds because birds possess many features that dinosaurs lack and occupy a distinctive niche.
7. well-known taxa
8. reptiles
9. Reptilia
10. yes
11. no
12. yes
13. Three
14. fish
15. monkeys
16. lizards
17. phylogenetics
18. paraphyly.
19. The arrangement of the members of a paraphyletic group
20. Ereshefsky

question: Brasilia (Portuguese pronunciation: [bazilj]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasilia and its metro (encompassing the whole of the Federal District) had a population of 2,556,149 in 2011, making it the 4th most populous city in Brazil. Among major Latin American cities, Brasilia has the highest GDP per capita at R$61,915 (US$36,175).

The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasilia' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasilia proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasilia as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Brasilia hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.
1. as of 2011, what is the population of Brasilia?
2. what country is it capital of?
3. how many administrative regions are actually known as Brasilia?
4. when did it host the FIFA cup?
5. and the confederations cup?
6. what rank is it among populous Latin American cities?
7. does any other Latin American city have a higher GDP?
8. how much is it per capita in USD?
9. when was it founded?
10. what region is it in?
11. does it have special status?
12. is it a legal municipality?
13. what is it?
****
answer: 1. 2,556,149
2. Brazil
3. 31
4. 2014
5. 2013
6. 4th
7. No
8. $36,175
9. April 21, 1960
10. center-western
11. Yes
12. No
13. administrative division

Question: Yahoo! is a web services provider, wholly owned by Verizon Communications through Oath Inc. and headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The original Yahoo! company was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 2, 1995. Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early Internet era in the 1990s. Marissa Mayer, a former Google executive, served as CEO and President of Yahoo until June 2017.

It was globally known for its Web portal, search engine Yahoo! Search, and related services, including Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports, and its social media website. At its height it was one of the most popular sites in the United States. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, Yahoo! was the highest-read news and media website, with over 7 billion views per month, being the sixth most visited website globally in 2016. According to news sources, roughly 700 million people visited Yahoo websites every month. Yahoo itself claimed it attracted "more than half a billion consumers every month in more than 30 languages".

Once the most popular website in the U.S., Yahoo slowly started to decline since the late 2000s, and in 2017, Verizon Communications acquired most of Yahoo's Internet business for $4.48 billion, excluding its stakes in Alibaba Group and Yahoo! Japan which were transferred to Yahoo's successor company Altaba. 1. What is Yahoo?
2. When was it started?
3. By whom?
4. Who owns it now?
5. Since when?
6. Where is the headquarters?
7. Was it popular?
8. How popular?
9. Was it the most visited website?
10. What number was it
11. How much was it sold for?
12. About how many visited each month?
13. Was it all in English?
14. How many different ones?
15. What country did the president go to?
16. What company did the president go to?
17. What are some of their services? Provide a numbered list of answers.
****
A numbered of answers:
1. A web services provider
2. January 1994
3. Jerry Yang and David Filo
4. Verizon Communications
5. 2017
6. Sunnyvale, California
7. Yes
8. Globally
9. No
10. 6th
11. $4.48 billion
12. Roughly 700 million
13. No
14. More than 30
15. unknown
16. Google
17. Email, news, finance, answers