Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note that there is a system for naming some polyatomic ions; -ate and -ite are suffixes designating polyatomic ions containing more or fewer oxygen atoms. Per- (short for "hyper") and hypo- (meaning "under") are prefixes meaning more oxygen atoms than -ate and fewer oxygen atoms than -ite, respectively. For example, perchlorate is ClO 4 , chlorate is ClO 3 , chlorite is ClO 2 and hypochlorite is ClO. Unfortunately, the number of oxygen atoms corresponding to a given suffix or prefix is not consistent; for example, nitrate is NO 3 while sulfate is SO 4 2. This will be covered in more detail in the next module on nomenclature. The nature of the attractive forces that hold atoms or ions together within a compound is the basis for classifying chemical bonding. When electrons are transferred and ions form, ionic bonds result. Ionic bonds are electrostatic forces of attraction, that is, the attractive forces experienced between objects of opposite electrical charge (in this case, cations and anions). When electrons are "shared" and molecules form, covalent bonds result. Covalent bonds are the attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) on the basis of the bonds present in them. Q: What type of bonds are the attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms? A:

OPTIONS:
- active
- gravitational
- reactive
- covalent

Answer: covalent

Problem: OPTIONS:
- temperate climate
- droughts climate
- tropical climate
- subarctic climate
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Subarctic climates are found between 60 and 70 north latitude. Much of Canada and Alaska have this type of climate. Summers are cool and short. Winters are very cold and long. Little precipitation falls, and most of it falls during the summer. Conifer forests grow in this climate ( Figure below ). Q: Exemplified by canada and alaska, what kind of climate has cool, short summers and long, cold winters, little precipitation, and abundant conifers? A:
Answer: subarctic climate

Problem:OPTIONS:
- biome
- community
- habitat
- biosphere

Answer the following question given this paragraph: The biosphere includes all living things within all of their environments. It includes every part of the environment where life exists, from the upper reaches of the atmosphere to the top few meters of soil, to the bottoms of the oceans. An ecosystem is made up of the relationships among smaller groups of organisms with each other, and with their environment. Scientists often speak of the interrelatedness of living things, because, according to evolutionary theory, organisms adapt to their environment, and they must also adapt to other organisms in that environment. Q: What includes all living things within all their environments, including everywhere life exists, from the upper atmosphere, to the top of the soil, to ocean bottoms? A:
****
A: biosphere

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Untreated botulism is typically fatal because muscles required for breathing fail to contract when the release of what chemical is blocked? A:
OPTIONS:
- carbon dioxide
- monoxide
- hydrogen
- acetylcholine
acetylcholine

Answer the following question given this paragraph: blood containing the metabolic wastes from cells. All the blood in the human body is filtered about 60 times a day by the kidneys. The nephrons remove wastes, concentrate them, and form urine that is collected in the bladder. Internally, the kidney has three regionsan outer cortex, a medulla in the middle, and the renal pelvis, which is the expanded end of the ureter. The renal cortex contains the nephronsthe functional unit of the kidney. The renal pelvis collects the urine and leads to the ureter on the outside of the kidney. The ureters are urine-bearing tubes that exit the kidney and empty into the urinary bladder. Q: All the blood in the human body is filtered about 60 times a day by what? A:
OPTIONS:
- lungs
- heart
- liver
- kidneys

Answer: kidneys

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Homologous structures are structures that have a common function and suggest common ancestry. For example, homologous structures include the limbs of mammals, such as bats, lions, whales, and humans, which all have a common ancestor. Different mammals may use their limbs for walking, running, swimming or flying. The method the mammal uses to move is considered a common function. Q: What are structures that have a common function and suggest common ancestry? A:
OPTIONS:
- reversible structures
- analogous structures
- monogamous structures
- homologous structures
output:
homologous structures