Q: Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity). One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people. Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especially political ones, should be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.

Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius; from Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine; and from more recent freethinkers and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll, Bertrand Russell, and Christopher Hitchens.

The purposes and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European laicism, it has been argued that secularism is a movement toward modernization, and away from traditional religious values (also known as secularization). This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has often occurred while maintaining an official state church or other state support of religion. In the United States, some argue that state secularism has served to a greater extent to protect religion and the religious from governmental interference, while secularism on a social level is less prevalent.

Answer the following questions:
1. What is Secularism?
2. What is its attainment termed as?
3. How many manifestation of secularism have been mentioned in this passage?
4. Give me one of them?
5. And the secondE?
6. Do the purposes in support of secularism vary widely?
7. What is it in the European?
8. and in the USA?
9. How is it perceived in a social level?
10. Secularism takes off its intellectual roots from some philosophers. Is it true?
11. Are they Greek and Roman philosophers?
12. Name them?
13. Does it also take from some enlightenment thinkers?
14. about how many of them are mentioned in this paragraph?
15. Give me the name of 2 of them?
16. Does it also take from some atheists?
17. How many mentioned here?
18. Give me the name of one them?
19. The second one?
20. And the third one please?
A: 1. A principle
2. secularity
3. Two
4. to be free from religious rule and teachings
5. The view that public activities and decisionsshould be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.
6. yes
7. a movement toward modernization,
8. has served to a greater extent to protect religion
9. less prevalent.
10. yes
11. yes
12. Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius
13. yes
14. Seven
15. John Locke, Denis Diderot
16. yes
17. Three
18. Robert Ingersoll,
19. Bertrand Russell
20. Christopher Hitchens
Q: Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 19681969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes.

After receiving his J.D. from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked in Massachusetts as an Assistant District Attorney. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the IranContra affair. Kerry was re-elected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. In 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President "to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.

Answer the following questions:
1. What awards did Kerry receive?
2. Where was he born?
3. Did he go to a normal public school?
4. What college did he attend?
5. What did he study?
6. What war did he serve in?
7. Did he do any other schooling?
8. What degree did he get?
9. What committee was he on?
10. When was his last election?
A: 1. Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts.
2. Aurora, Colorado. Aurora, Colorado
3. attended boarding school. No.
4. Yale University. Yale University.
5. political science. Political Science.
6. South Vietnam. The Vietnam War.
7. .D. from Boston College Law School. Yes.
8. J.D. . J.D.
9. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
10. 2008. In 2008.
Q: (CNN) -- Civil rights activist Dorothy Height, 98, remained in "very serious, but stable condition" Saturday, her friend and spokeswoman said.

A flurry of rumors about Height's death appeared Saturday on the Internet, particularly on the social networking site Twitter, where her name was a trending topic. Wikipedia also briefly reported Height's death.

Height remains hospitalized, according to Alexis Herman, her friend and former secretary of labor under President Bill Clinton. Height was admitted to Howard University Hospital earlier this week. Further details about her condition were not immediately available.

"We are grateful for the professional care of her doctors," Herman said in a written statement. "We especially thank everyone for your thoughts, prayers and support during this challenging time."

Height, who turned 98 Wednesday, is chair and president emerita of the National Council of Negro Women. In the 1960s, she worked alongside civil rights pioneers, including the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., future U.S. Rep. John Lewis and A. Philip Randolph.

She has been active in civil rights since the New Deal era, according to her biography on the National Council of Negro Women's Web site.

As a leader of the United Christian Youth Movement of North America beginning in 1933, "she worked to prevent lynching, desegregate the armed forces, reform the criminal justice system and for free access to public accommodations," the site says.

She was elected president of the NCNW in 1957 and held the post until 1998.

CNN's Lindy Royce contributed to this report.

Answer the following questions:
1. who reported Height's death?
2. was that report accurate?
3. what was her condition?
4. how was her condition on saturday
5. when was she elected president of the NCNW?
6. how long did she hold that job?
7. how old is she?
8. when was her last birthday?
9. who did she work along side of in 1960?
10. who are some notable ones?
11. what group was she a leader of in 1933?
12. what was she active in since the New Deal era?
A:
1. Wikipedia
2. No
3. Further details about her condition were not immediately available.
4. very serious, but stable condition
5. 1957
6. until 1998
7. 98
8. Wednesday
9. civil rights pioneers
10. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., future U.S. Rep. John Lewis and A. Philip Randolph.
11. United Christian Youth Movement of North America
12. Yes