Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solubility may increase or decrease with temperature; the magnitude of this temperature dependence varies widely among compounds. Notice in particular the curves for NH4NO3 and CaCl2. The dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is endothermic (Hsoln = +25.7 kJ/mol), whereas the dissolution of calcium chloride is exothermic (Hsoln = 68.2 kJ/mol), yet Figure 13.9 "Solubilities of Several Inorganic and Organic Solids in Water as a Function of Temperature" shows that the solubility of both compounds increases sharply with increasing temperature. In fact, the magnitudes of the changes in both enthalpy and entropy for dissolution are temperature dependent. Because the solubility of a compound is ultimately determined by relatively small differences between large numbers, there is generally no good way to predict how the solubility will vary with temperature. The variation of solubility with temperature has been measured for a wide range of compounds, and the results are published in many standard reference books. Chemists are often able to use this information to separate the components of a mixture byfractional crystallization, the separation of compounds on the basis of their solubilities in a given solvent. For example, if we have a mixture of 150 g of sodium acetate (CH3CO2Na) and 50 g of KBr, we can separate the two compounds by dissolving the mixture in 100 g of water at 80C and then cooling the solution slowly to 0C. According to the temperature curves in Figure 13.9 "Solubilities of Several Inorganic and Organic Solids in Water as a Function of Temperature", both compounds dissolve in water at 80C, and all 50 g of KBr remains in solution at 0C. Only about 36 g of CH3CO2Na are soluble in 100 g of water at 0C, however, so approximately 114 g (150 g 36 g) of Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. Q: The separation of compounds on the basis of their solubilities in a given solvent is known as what? A:
OPTIONS:
- nuclei crystallization
- simplest crystallization
- separate crystallization
- fractional crystallization
fractional crystallization

Answer the following question given this paragraph: You don't have to suffer through an infection to gain immunity to some diseases. Immunity can also come about by vaccination. Vaccination is the process of exposing a person to pathogens on purpose so the person will develop immunity to them. In vaccination, the pathogens are usually injected under the skin. Only part of the pathogens are injected, or else weakened or dead pathogens are used. This causes an immune response without causing the disease. Diseases you are likely to have been vaccinated against include measles, mumps, and chicken pox. Q: Vaccination is the process of exposing a person to pathogens on purpose so the person will develop what? A:
OPTIONS:
- sensitivity
- allergy
- autonomy
- immunity

Answer: immunity

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When charged particles are close enough to exert force on each other, their electric fields interact. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. Particles with like charges repel each other. Q: What happens between particles with opposite charges? A:
OPTIONS:
- they become static
- they oppose
- they repel
- they attract
Answer: they attract

input with options: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cinder cones are the smallest and most common type of volcano. Cinder cones have steep sides like composite volcanoes. But they are much smaller, rarely reaching even 300 meters in height. Cinder cones usually have a crater at the summit. Cinder cones are composed of small fragments of rock, called cinders. The cinders are piled on top of one another. The cinders can be mafic, intermediate, or felsic in composition. These volcanoes usually do not produce streams of lava. Cinder cones often form near larger volcanoes. Most composite and shield volcanoes have nearby cinder cones. Q: What is the most common type of volcano? A:
OPTIONS:
- geyser
- block cone
- flat
- cinder cone
output: cinder cone

Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Golgi apparatus works like a mail room. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER and puts "shipping addresses" on them. The Golgi then packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place in the cell or to the cell membrane. Some of these proteins are secreted from the cell (they exit the cell); others are placed into the cell membrane. Q: The golgi apparatus works like a mail room by receiving and sending what? A:

OPTIONS:
- acids
- particles
- enzymes
- proteins

A: proteins

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance or an object. The basic SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg). Q: What is the the basic si unit for mass? A:
OPTIONS:
- pound
- volume
- density
- kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)