Problem: OPTIONS:
- throats
- mouths
- noses
- lungs
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Modern Amphibians Amphibia comprises an estimated 6,770 extant species that inhabit tropical and temperate regions around the world. Amphibians can be divided into three clades: Urodela ("tailed-ones"), the salamanders; Anura ("tail-less ones"), the frogs; and Apoda ("legless ones"), the caecilians. Urodela: Salamanders Salamanders are amphibians that belong to the order Urodela. Living salamanders (Figure 29.16) include approximately 620 species, some of which are aquatic, other terrestrial, and some that live on land only as adults. Adult salamanders usually have a generalized tetrapod body plan with four limbs and a tail. They move by bending their bodies from side to side, called lateral undulation, in a fish-like manner while "walking" their arms and legs fore and aft. It is thought that their gait is similar to that used by early tetrapods. Respiration differs among different species. The majority of salamanders are lungless, and respiration occurs through the skin or through external gills. Some terrestrial salamanders have primitive lungs; a few species have both gills and lungs. Unlike frogs, virtually all salamanders rely on internal fertilization of the eggs. The only male amphibians that possess copulatory structures are the caecilians, so fertilization among salamanders typically involves an elaborate and often prolonged courtship. Such a courtship allows the successful transfer of sperm from male to female via a spermatophore. Development in many of the most highly evolved salamanders, which are fully terrestrial, occurs during a prolonged egg stage, with the eggs guarded by the mother. During this time, the gilled larval stage is found only within the egg capsule, with the gills being resorbed, and metamorphosis being completed, before hatching. Hatchlings thus resemble tiny adults. Q: The majority of salamanders lack what organs, so respiration occurs through the skin or through external gills? A:
Answer: lungs

Problem:OPTIONS:
- obvious
- Business
- visible
- physical

Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are many career options in physical science. Examples include pharmacist and surveyor. Q: Pharmacist and surveyor are two career options based in what type of science? A:
****
A: physical

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Neptune is very cold and has very strong winds. It had a large dark spot that disappeared. Another dark spot appeared on another part of the planet. These dark spots are storms in Neptune's atmosphere. Q: The planet neptune has strange dark spots that sometimes appear on its surface? what are these spots? A:
OPTIONS:
- seas
- earthquakes
- black holes
- storms
storms

Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mid-latitude cyclones form at the polar front. Two very different air masses blow past each other in opposite directions. The Coriolis effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle. Warm and cold fronts form next to each other. Q: Which effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle? A:
OPTIONS:
- axial tilt
- Lake Effect
- centrifugal effect
- coriolis effect

Answer: coriolis effect

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The branch of biology that studies animal behavior is called ethology . Ethologists usually study how animals behave in their natural environment, rather than in a lab. They generally try to answer four basic questions about the behaviors they observe:. Q: What branch of biology studies animal behavior? A:
OPTIONS:
- embryology
- microbiology
- geology
- ethology
Answer: ethology

input: OPTIONS:
- they dominate
- remain recessive
- they replicate
- they disappear Now, answer this question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Upon compiling his results for many thousands of plants, Mendel concluded that the characteristics could be divided into expressed and latent traits. He called these, respectively, dominant and recessive traits. Dominant traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. Recessive traits become latent, or disappear, in the offspring of a hybridization. The recessive trait does, however, reappear in the progeny of the hybrid offspring. An example of a dominant trait is the violet-flower trait. For this same characteristic (flower color), white-colored flowers are a recessive trait. The fact that the recessive trait reappeared in the F2 generation meant that the traits remained separate (not blended) in the plants of the F1 generation. Mendel also proposed that plants possessed two copies of the trait for the flower-color characteristic, and that each parent transmitted one of its two copies to its offspring, where they came together. Moreover, the physical observation of a dominant trait could mean that the genetic composition of the organism included two dominant versions of the characteristic or that it included one dominant and one recessive version. Conversely, the observation of a recessive trait meant that the organism lacked any dominant versions of this characteristic. Q: What happens to the recessive traits in the offspring of a hybridization? A:
A:
output:
they disappear